B.SC Statistics Main&Allied

PERIYAR UNIVERSITY
SALEM – 636 011
B.Sc. (STATISTICS)
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE
BRANCH: STATISTICS
SYLLABUS &REGULATIONS
CBCS Pattern
(Effective from the Academic Year 2017-2018)
CONTENTS
S. No. PARTICULARS PAGE NO.
1 REGULATIONS 1
2 SEMESTER – I 15
3 SEMESTER – II 21
4 SEMESTER – III 31
5 SEMESTER – IV 44
6 SEMESTER – V 64
7 SEMESTER – VI 80
ALLIED STATISTICS
8 102
(For B.Sc., B.Com & B.A., B.B.A)
PERIYAR UNIVERSITY, SALEM - 11
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE
BRANCH – STATISTICS
CBCS PATTERN (From 2017 – 2018 and onwards)
REGULATIONS
1. OBJECTIVES
Statistics is the key to success in the field of science and technology. Today,
the students need a thorough knowledge of fundamental basic principles,
methods, interpretation results and a clear perception of the power of statistical
ideas and tools to use them effectively in modeling, interpreting and solving the
real life problems. Statistics plays an important role in the context of
globalization of Indian economy, modern technology, computer science and
information technology.
The main objectives of the course is

 To build the basis for promoting theoretical and application aspects of
statistics.
 To underline the statistics as a science of decision making in the real life
problems in the context of uncertainty.
 To emphasize the relevance of statistical tools and techniques of analysis in the
study of inter-disciplinary sciences.
This syllabus is aimed at preparing the students to cope up with the latest
developments and compete with the students from other universities and put
them on the right track. .
2. ELIGIBILITY CONDITION FOR ADMISSION
Candidates for the admission to the Degree of Bachelor of Science in Statistics

shall be required to have passed the Higher Secondary Examinations
(Academic or Vocational Stream) conducted by the Government of Tamil
Nadu or an examination accepted as equivalent thereto by the Periyar
University, with Statistics / Mathematics / Business Mathematics as one of the
subjects.
3. DURATION OF THE COURSE

a) Each academic year will be divided into two semesters. The first academic year
will comprise the first and second semester, the second academic year - the
third and fourth semester and the third academic year – the fifth and sixth
semester.
b) The odd semester comprise of the period from June to November of each
year and the even semester from December to May of each year. There shall be
not less than 90 working days for each semester.
4. COURSE OF STUDY
The course of study shall comprise instruction in the following subjects
according to the syllabus and books prescribed from time to time.
5. EXAMINATIONS
The theory examination shall be of three hours duration to each paper at the
end of each semester. The practical examination shall be three hours duration
to each paper at the end of each academic year. The candidate failing in any
subject(s) will be permitted to appear for each failed subject(s) in the
subsequent examination.
6. SCHEME OF EXAMINATIONS
The scheme of examinations for different semesters shall be as follows:
Course structure under CBCS (Semester-wise Details)
Branch II STATISTICS
(For the students admitted from the year 2017 – 2018 onwards)
Hrs/ Marks Remarks

Sem. Part Course Title Credit
week CIA UE Total
*Examination at the end of second

I Tamil Tamil I 6 3 25 75 100
II English English I 6 3 25 75 100

Core Theory Descriptive
6 4 25 75 100
paper I Statistics
semester
Allied I:
Theory Mathematics I 5 4 25 75 100
I III Paper I
Allied I: Mathematics
2 - - - -
Practical practical*
Core Major Practical
3 - - - -
Practical I I*
IV Value education (Yoga) 2 2 25 75 100
No. of
Total 30 16 500
courses – 5
I Tamil Tamil II 6 3 25 75 100

II English English II 6 3 25 75 100
Core Theory Probability
6 5 25 75 100
Paper II theory
Allied I
II Theory Mathematics II 5 4 25 75 100
III Paper II
Allied I Mathematics
2 2 40 60 100
Practical Practical
3 4 40 60 100
Practical I I
IV Environmental studies 2 2 25 75 100
No. of
Total 30 23 700
courses – 7
CIA – Continuous Internal Assessment; UE – University Examination

Marks
Hrs/
Sem. Part Course Title Credit Remarks
week
CIA UE Total
I Tamil Tamil III 6 3 25 75 100
**Examination at the end of fourth

II English English III 6 3 25 75 100
Core
Distribution
Theory 5 5 25 75 100
theory
Paper III
semester
Allied II: Linear
Theory Programming and 4 4 25 75 100
III
paper I its applications
2 - - - -
Practical II II**
Allied II: Operations
2 - - - -
Practical Research
IV NMEC-I Matrix Algebra 2 2 25 75 100
Regression
SBEC – I 3 3 25 75 100
Analysis
No. of
Total 30 20 600
courses – 6
I Tamil Tamil IV 6 3 25 75 100
II English English IV 6 3 25 75 100

Core
Theory of
Theory 5 5 25 75 100
Estimation
paper IV
Allied II: Decision Theory
Theory and its 4 4 25 75 100
IV III
paper II Applications
Core
Major Practical II 2 4 40 60 100
Practical II
Allied II: Operation
2 2 40 60 100
Practical Research
Numerical
NMEC-II 2 2 25 75 100
methods
IV
Statistical
SBEC-I 3 3 25 75 100
Forecasting
No. of
Total 30 26 800
courses – 8

NMEC – Non Major Elective Course; SBEC – Skill Based Elective Course
Hrs/ Marks
week CIA UE Total
Core
Sampling
Theory 6 5 25 75 100
Techniques
Paper V
Core
Theory
*** Examination at the end of sixth semester

Testing of Hypothesis 6 5 25 75 100
Paper
VI
Core
Theory Statistical Quality
5 5 25 75 100
Paper Control
VII
III Core
Major Practical
V Practical 3 - - - -
III***
III
Core
Major Practical
Practical 2 - - - -
IV***
IV
Core
Elective Stochastic Processes 5 5 25 75 100
I
SBEC- Non – Parametric
IV 3 3 25 75 100
III Test
Total 30 23 No. of courses - 5 500
Core
Theory Design of
6 5 25 75 100
Paper Experiments
VIII
# There is No Examination for Extension Activities

Core
Theory
Applied Statistics 6 5 25 75 100
Paper
IX
Core
III Practical Major Practical III 2 4 40 60 100
III
Core
VI Practical Major Practical IV 3 4 40 60 100
IV
Core
Elective Actuarial Statistics 5 5 25 75 100
II
Core
Elective Numerical Analysis 5 5 25 75 100
III
Queuing Theory
3 3 25 75 100
SBEC – (OR)
IV
IV Statistical Practical
3 3 40 60 100
(SPSS)
V Extension Activities # - 1 - - -
Total 30 32 No. of courses -8 700
Total No. of
Grand Total 180 140 3800
courses - 39
NMEC – Non Major Elective Course; SBEC – Skill Based Elective Course
Course Structure - BRANCH: STATISTICS
Table showing the courses offered with Credits under various parts
CBCS Pattern w.e.f 2017– 2018 onwards
Semester
Total
Part
Course I II III IV V VI
N H C N H C N H C N H C N H C N H C N H C
I Tamil 1 6 3 1 6 3 1 6 3 1 6 3 - - - - - - 4 24 12
II English 1 6 3 1 6 3 1 6 3 1 6 3 - - - - - - 4 24 12
Core Theory 1 6 4 1 6 5 1 5 5 1 5 5 3 17 15 2 12 10 9 51 44
Core
- 3 - 1 3 4 - 2 - 1 2 4 - 5 - 2 5 8 4 20 16
Practical
Core
III - - - - - - - - - - - - 1 5 5 2 10 10 3 15 15
Elective
Allied Theory 1 5 4 1 5 4 1 4 4 1 4 4 - - - - - - 4 18 16
Allied
- 2 - 1 2 2 - 2 - 1 2 2 - - - - - - 2 8 4
practical
Value
1 2 2 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1 2 2
Education
Environmental
IV - - - 1 2 2 - - - - - - - - - - - - 1 2 2
Studies
SBEC - - - - - - 1 3 3 1 3 3 1 3 3 1 3 3 4 12 12
NMEC - - - - - - 1 2 2 1 2 2 - - - - - - 2 4 4
Extension
V - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1* - 1 1* - 1
activities*
Total 5 30 16 7 30 23 6 30 20 8 30 26 5 30 23 8 30 32 39 180 140
N – No. of courses; H – Hrs/Week ; C – Credit
* There is no university examination for this course.
7. QUESTION PAPER PATTERN AND EVALUTION FOR ALL COURSES.
7.1. Question Paper Pattern for Core/Allied/Elective/SBEC Papers (Theory):

Time: Three hours Maximum Marks: 75
Part - A (10 x 2 = 20)
Answer ALL questions
(Two questions from each unit)
Part - B (5 x 5 = 25)
(One question from each unit with internal choice)
Part - C (3 x 10 = 30)
Answer any THREE questions out of FIVE questions
(One question from each unit)
7.2 Evaluation of Continuous Internal Assessment (CIA)

The components for continuous internal assessment (CIA) are
Test - 10 marks
Seminar - 5 marks
Assignments - 5 marks
Attendance - 5 marks
------------
Total 25 marks
------------
7.3 Question Paper Pattern for Core and Allied Practical/SBEC- IV(SPSS)
Time: Three hours Maximum: 60 marks
Answer Any THREE questions out of FIVE questions
(One question from each unit)
9
7.4 Distribution of Marks for Core and Allied Practical/SBEC-IV(SPSS)
University Examination (Written Practical) - 60 marks
Continuous Internal Assessment (CIA) - 40 marks
(Including Practical Record)Total - 100 marks
Evaluation of Continuous Internal Assessment (CIA)

The components for continuous internal assessment (CIA) are
Record - 25 marks
Test - 10 marks
Attendance - 5 marks
------------
Total 40 marks
8. PASSING MINIMUM
The candidate shall be declared to have passed the examination if the
candidate secure not less than 30 marks out of 75 marks in the University
Examination (UE) in each theory paper and 10 marks (out of 25) in the Continuous
Internal Assessment (CIA) in each theory paper.
For the Practical paper, a minimum of 24 marks (out of 60) in the University
Examination (UE) and 16 marks (out of 40) in the Continuous Internal Assessment
(CIA) is required to pass the examination.
The CIA of each practical paper includes evaluation of record. However

submission of record for the University Practical Examination is mandatory.
Maximum marks Passing minimum

Examination
CIA UE Total CIA UE Total
Theory paper 25 75 100 10 30 40
Practical paper 40 60 100 16 24 40
10
9. CLASSIFICATION OF SUCCESSFUL CANDIDATES
Candidates who secure not less than 60% of the aggregate marks in the
whole examination shall be declared to have passed the examination in the First
Class.
All other successful candidates shall be declared to have passed in the
Second Class.
Candidates who obtained 75% of the marks in the aggregate shall be deemed
to have passed the examination in First Class with Distinction provided they pass
all the examinations prescribed for the course at the first appearance.
Candidates who pass all the examinations prescribed for the course in the
first instance and within a period of three academic years from the year of
admission to the course only are eligible for University Ranking.
9.1 Passing Minimum is 40% of the ESE(UE) and also 40% of CIA and also
40% in the total for each of the paper / course.
9.2 Minimum Credits to be earned: 140 Credits

(Credits of Part I and II: Languages; Part III: Major, Elective, Allied;
Part –IV: Soft Skills and Part V: Extension activities)
9.3 Marks and Grades:
The following table gives the marks, grade points, letter grades and
classification to indicate the performance of the candidate.
11
Conversion of Marks to Grade Points and Letter Grade (Performance
in a Course/ Paper)
Range of Marks Grade Points Letter Grade Description

90 – 100 9.0 - 10.0 O Outstanding
80 – 89 8.0 - 8.9 D+ Excellent
75 – 79 7.5 - 7.9 D Distinction
70 – 74 7.0 - 7.4 A+ Very Good
60 – 69 6.0 - 6.9 A Good
50 – 59 5.0 - 5.9 B Average
40 – 49 4.0 - 4.9 C Satisfactory
00 – 39 0.0 U Re-appear
ABSENT 0.0 AAA ABSENT
Ci = Credits earned for course i in any semester.
Gi = Grade Point obtained for course i in any semester.
n refers to the semester in which such courses were credited.
For a Semester:
Sum of the multiplication of grade points by the credits of the courses

GPA =
Sum of the credits of the courses in a semester
GRADE POINT AVERAGE [GPA] = ∑i Ci Gi / ∑ i Ci
For the entire programme:
CUMULATIVE GRADE POINT AVERAGE [CGPA] = ∑ n ∑i Cni Gni / ∑ n ∑i Cni
Sum of the multiplication of grade points by the credits of the entire programme
CGPA =
Sum of the credits of the courses of the entire programme
12
CLASSIFICATION
CGPA GRADE
OF FINAL RESULT
9.5-10.0 O+
First Class With Exemplary*
9.0 and above but below 9.5 O
8.5 and above but below 9.0 D++
8.0 and above but below 8.5 D+ First Class With Distinction*
7.5 and above but below 8.0 D
7.0 and above but below 7.5 A++
6.5 and above but below 7.0 A+ First Class
6.0 and above but below 6.5 A
5.5 and above but below 6.0 B+
Second Class
5.0 and above but below 5.5 B
4.5 and above but below 5.0 C+
Third Class
4.0 and above but below 4.5 C
0.0 and above but below 4.0 U Re-appear
*The candidates who have passed in the first appearance and within the prescribed semester of the
UG Programme (Major, Allied and Elective Courses Alone) are eligible.
10. MAXIMUM DURATION FOR THE COMPLETION OF THE UG

PROGRAMME:
The maximum duration for completion of the UG Programme shall not
exceed twelve semesters.
11. COMMENCEMENT OF THIS REGULATION:
The CBCS regulations shall take effect from the academic year 2017-2018
ie. for the students who are admitted to the first year of the course during the
academic year 2017-2018 and thereafter.
12. TRANSITARY PROVISION

Candidates who were admitted to the UG course of study prior to 2017-2018
shall be permitted to appear for the examination under those regulations for a
period of three years ie., up to and inclusive of the examinations of April/May
2020. Thereafter they will be permitted to appear for the examination only under
the regulations then in force.
13
LIST OF COURSES
1. CORE COURSES: (Theory 9 + Elective 3 + Practical 4): 16

(i) CORE THEORY : 9
1. Descriptive Statistics
2. Probability Theory
3. Distribution Theory
4. Theory of Estimation
5. Sampling Techniques
6. Testing of Hypothesis
7. Statistical Quality Control
8. Design of Experiments
9. Applied Statistics
ii). CORE ELECTIVES: 3

1. Stochastic Processes
2. Actuarial Statistics
3. Numerical Analysis
(iii) CORE PRACTICAL: 4

1. Major practical – I
(Based on Core theory papers – 1 & 2)
2. Major practical – II
(Based on core theory papers – 3 & 4)
3. Major practical - III
(Based on core theory papers – 5,6 & 8)
4. Major practical - IV
14
II. ALLIED COURSES (Theory 4 + Practical 2)
(i). ALLIED THEORY: 4
1. Mathematics – I
2. Mathematics – II
3. Linear Programming and its Applications
4. Decision Theory and its Applications.
(ii). ALLIED PRACTICALS: 2

1. Allied I: Mathematics Practical
2. Allied II: Operations Research (Based on Allied theory papers 3 & 4)
III. SKILLS BASED ELECTIVE COURSES: 4

1. Regression Analysis
2. Statistical Forecasting
3. Non-Parametric Tests
4. Queuing Theory (OR) Statistical Practical (SPSS)
IV. NON MAJOR ELECTIVE COURSES: 2

1. Matrix Algebra
2. Numerical Methods
V. VALUE EDUCATION: 1
1. Yoga
VI. ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES: 1
VII.EXTENSION ACTIVITIES: 1
15
PERIYAR UNIVERSITY, SALEM – 11
B.Sc., STATISTICS
CBCS PATTERN
STRUCTURE, SYLLABUS AND MODEL QUESTION
(For candidates admitted from 2017-18 onwards)
SEMESTER – I
Marks
Hrs/
week
CIA UE Total
I Tamil Tamil I 6 3 25 75 100
*Examination at the end of second

II English English I 6 3 25 75 100
Core Theory Descriptive

6 5 25 75 100
semester
paper I Statistics
Allied I: Theory
Mathematics I 5 3 25 75 100
Paper I
I III
Allied I: Mathematics
2 - - - -
Practical practical*
Core Major
3 - - - -
Practical I Practical I*
IV Value education (Yoga) 2 2 25 75 100
No. of
Total 30 16 500
courses – 5
16
B.Sc. STATISTICS
(For the candidates admitted from 2017 – 2018 onwards)
Core Course - I SEMESTER – I P. Code:
DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS
UNIT – I:
Concepts of Statistical Population and Sample. Measurement of Scale: Nominal,
Ordinal, interval, ratio.
Collection and sources of statistical data – Formation of frequency distribution –
discrete and continuous – cumulative frequency distribution (O’gives) – Classification and
tabulation.
Graphs and Diagrams – Bar diagrams, Histogram, Pie diagram.
UNIT – II:
Univariate data – Measures of Central Tendency – Arithmetic Mean, Median,
Mode, Geometric mean, Harmonic mean – Inter Relationship between A.M, G.M and
H. M – Weighted A.M – properties of a good Average.
UNIT – III:
Measures of dispersion (absolute & relative) – Range, Quartile Deviation, Mean
Deviation and Standard Deviation – Inter Relationship between Q.D., M.D., and S.D.
Co-efficient of Variation – Lorenz curve
UNIT – IV:
Moments – Raw moments, Central moments – Relation between raw and central
moments – Measures of skewness – Karl Pearson’s coefficient of skewness – Bowley’s
co-efficient of Skewness – Measures of Kurtosis.
UNIT – V:
Correlation – types of correlation – Scatter diagram –– Karl Person’s co-efficient
of correlation – properties – Spearman’s Rank correlation co-efficient – Concurrent
deviation Method - Correlation co-efficient for grouped data.
Reference Books:
1. Gupta, S.C, and Kapoor, V.K. (2004). Fundamental of Mathematical Statistics
(11th – edition),Sultan Chand & Sons, New Delhi.
2. Goon Gupta A.M and Das Gupta, (1994). Fundamentals of Statistics, The World
Press Private Limited, Calcutta.
3. S.P.Gupta, (2001). Statistical Methods, Sultan Chand & Sons, New Delhi.
17
MODEL QUESTION PAPER
B.Sc. Degree Examination
Branch – Statistics
Core Course - I
SEMESTER - I
P. Code:
CORE THEORY PAPER – 1
DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS
Time: 3 Hours Maximum: 75 Marks
Part - A (10 x 2 = 20)
1. What is meant by qualitative data?
2. Define primary data
3. What is tabulation?
4. State any two merits of diagrammatic representation.
5. What is a measure of central tendency?
6. Define relative measure.
7. Define skewness.
8. What do you mean by Kurtosis?
9. Define correlation.
10. What is probable error in correlation?
Part - B (5 x 5 = 25)
Answer ALL Questions
11. (a) Distinguish between primary data and secondary data.

Or
(b) Explain any two methods of primary data collection.
12. (a) Explain the four types of classification.

Or
(b) Explain the parts of a good table.
13. (a) List the properties of a good average.

Or
(b) Obtain Median for the following
CI: 0-20 20-40 40-60 60-80 80-100
Frequency: 10 15 26 19 10
14. (a) Explain any two methods of studying skewness.
Or
(b) First three moments of a distribution about the value 4 of the variable are –
1.5, 17 and –30. Find μ2 and μ3.
18
15. (a) Explain the method of studying correlation by scatter diagram method.
Or
(b) Obtain Rank Correlation:
Rank by Judge I: 3 5 4 8 9 7 1 2 6 10
Rank by Judge II: 4 6 3 9 10 7 2 1 5 8
Part – C (3 x 10 = 30)
Answer any THREE questions
16. What are the various methods used for collecting primary data?
17. Explain any four types of Bar Diagrams.
18. Explain the method of drawing Lorenz curve. What are it uses?
19. Obtain the relationship between raw moments and central moments up to 4th
order.
20. Show that correlation co-efficient is unaffected by changing origin and scale.
19
B.Sc. STATISTICS
SEMESTER – I
Allied I: Theory- I P. Code:
ALLIED MATHEMATICS – I
(Algebra, Calculus, Fourier series)
Time: 5 Hrs/Week Max Marks :75
(For B.Sc Statistics, Physics, Chemistry, Computer Science, Electronics, BCA and
Bio-informatics)
UNIT – I:
Characteristic Equation - Eigen Values and Eigen Vectors –
Cayley - Hamilton Theorem (Statement only) - Simple Problems
UNIT – II:
Polynomial Equations - Imaginary and Irrational Roots - Transformation
of equations - Descarte’s Rule of Signs - Problems
UNIT – III:
Radius of Curvature in Cartesian and Polar Co-ordinates – Pedal
Equation of a curve – Radius of Curvature in p-r co-ordinates.
UNIT-IV:
Integral Calculus – Integration by parts – Definite integrals and its
n n n n
properties – Reduction formulae for xdx, xdx , xdx , xdx ,
n n n
xdx , xdx , dx , dx – Problems.
UNIT – V:
Fourier Series: Definition – To find the Fourier Co – efficient of periodic
functions of period 2π – even and odd functions – Half range Series - Problems
20
TEXT BOOKS:-
Year of
S.NO Title of the Book Author Publishing Company
Publication
Differential
Equations and Margham Publications,
1. Dr.P.R.Vittal 2002
Laplace Chennai- 600017.
Transforms
Margham Publications,
Allied No: 24, Rameswaram
Mathematics Road, T.Nagar,
Chennai-600017.
Meenakshi Publishers,
Allied No: 120, Pushpa Nagar,
3. A.Singaravelu 2002
Mathematics Medavakkam, Chennai-
601302.
Reference Books:-
Title Of The Year Of

S.No Author Publishing Company
Book Publication
Emerald Publishers,
Engineering Gunavathi &
1. 135, Anna Salai, 1984
Mathematics Thilkavathy
Chennai- 600002.
Krishana Prakasam
2. Calculus Dr.P.R.Vittal Mandir,9,Shivaji road, 1994
Meerut(UP)
21
B.Sc., STATISTICS
CBCS PATTERN
STRUCTURE, SYLLABUS AND MODEL QUESTIONS
(For candidates admitted from 2017- 2018 onwards)
SEMESTER – II
Marks
Hrs/
week
CIA UE Total
I Tamil Tamil II 6 3 25 75 100
II English English II 6 3 25 75 100
Core Theory Probability

6 5 25 75 100
Paper II theory
Allied I Theory
II Mathematics II 5 4 25 75 100
Paper II
III
Mathematics
Allied I Practical 2 2 40 60 100
Practical
Core Practical I Major Practical I 3 4 40 60 100
IV Environmental studies 2 2 25 75 100
No. of
Total 30 23 700
courses - 7
22
B.Sc. STATISTICS
SEMESTER – II
Core Course - II P. Code:
PROBABILITY THEORY
UNIT –I:
Concepts of Random experiment – Trial – Sample point – Sample space, Event,
Algebra of Events, Mutually Exclusive – Exhaustive events, definition of probability,
Classical, Statistical and Axiomatic approach – Properties of Probability, Addition
theorem - Conditional probability – Multiplication theorem – Baye’s theorem – Boole’s
inequality.
UNIT – II:
Concept of random variables – Discrete random variable, continuous random
variables, probability mass function – Probability density function, Distribution function –
Properties of distribution function - Independence of random variable.
UNIT – III:
Mathematical expectation of random variables - Properties of mathematical
expectation - Moments – Raw moments, central moments – Measures of location and
dispersion of a random variable – Tchebychev’s inequality and its application.
UNIT – IV:
Moment generating function of a random variable – their properties and its uses –
cumulants – Characteristic functions – Properties of characteristic function – simple
examples – Inversion theorem (statement only) - Statements and Application of weak law
of large numbers.
UNIT – V:
Bivariate distribution – Distribution functions of bivariate random variable and its
properties – probability mass and density function, marginal and conditional distributions
– Conditional expectation – Concept of regression lines – covariance and correlation
Reference Books
1. S.C.Gupta and V.K. Kapoor (2007). Fundamentals of Mathematical Statistics,

Sultan Chand and Sons Publications, New Delhi.
2. J.N.Kapur and H.C.Saxena (1999). Mathematical Statistics – S.Chand and
Company Ltd., New Delhi.
3. Marek. Fisz, (1961). Probability Theory and Mathematical Statistics, John Wiley
and Sons.
4. Hogg. R. V. and Allen T. Craig (1998). Introduction to Mathematical Statistics.
23
SEMESTER - II P. Code:
Core Course - II
PROBABILITY THEORY
Time: 3 Hours Maximum : 75 marks
Part – A (10 x 2 = 20)
1. What is a random experiment?

2. What do you mean by mutually exclusive events?
3. Define random variable.
4. What do you mean by pair wise independence of events?
5. Define mathematical expectation of a random variable.
6. Define rth order central moment.
7. Define the moment generating function of the random variable.
8. State the weak law of large numbers.
9. Define the marginal distribution function of the random variable X for the given joint
distribution function.
10. Define correlation function.
Part – B (5 x 5 = 25)
11. (a) What are the axioms of probability?

Or
(b) State and prove the total theorem on probability.
12. (a) Define probability density function and state its properties.
Or
(b) Explain the mutually independence of events with an example.
13. (a) State the properties of mathematical expectation.
Or
(b) State and prove the Markov’s inequality.
14. (a) State the Inversion theorem on characteristic function.

Or
(b) Find the characteristic function of the Poisson random variable.
24
15. (a) Define the distribution function of the random vector (X, Y. and state its properties.
Or
(b) Define conditional expectation of X given Y. Also show that E {(X/Y)} = E(X).
Part – C (3 x 10 = 30)
16. State and prove Baye’s theorem on probability.

17. State and prove the properties of distribution function of a random variable X.
18. State and prove Tchebychev’s inequality
19. State and prove the properties of characteristic function of a random variable X.
20. Establish the necessary condition for F (x, y) to be a distribution function. Obtain the
marginal density functions of the Bivariate normal density function.
25
B.Sc. STATISTICS
SEMESTER – II
Core Practical - I MAJOR PRACTICAL – I P. Code:
I
UNIT – I:
Formation of frequency distribution – Computation of Measures of Central
Tendencies
UNIT – II:
Calculation of Measures of dispersion– Skewness and Kurtosis
UNIT – III:
Product Moment correlation – Rank correlation – Regression lines of two variables
UNIT – IV:
Rank of the matrix – Inverse of the matrix – Solution of simultaneous equations of
three variables using matrix
UNIT – V:
Bivariate Distributions – Marginal and Conditional Distributions (Discrete and
Continuous).
Note:
Total : 100 marks
* University Examination : 60 ”
(Written practical)
Continuous Internal Assessment : 40 ”
(Including Practical Record)
* 5 questions are to be set without omitting any unit. All questions carry
equal marks. Any 3 questions are to be answered in 3 hours duration.
26
SEMESTER - II P. Code:
Core Practical - I
-I
MAJOR PRACTICAL – I
Time: 3 Hours Maximum: 60 marks
All questions carry EQUAL marks.
1. Construct a frequency distribution of the marks obtained by 50 students in

Statistics as given below:
42 53 65 63 61 47 58 60 64 45
55 57 82 42 39 51 65 55 33 70
50 52 53 45 45 25 36 59 63 39
65 30 45 35 49 15 54 48 64 26
75 20 42 41 55 52 46 35 18 40
Calculate mean and median of the above.
2. Compute Karl Pearson’s Coefficient of Skewness from the following data
Marks 0 -10 10 - 20 20 - 30 30 - 40 40 – 50 50 - 60 60 - 70
No. of students 14 23 35 56 40 20 10
3. Calculate the co-efficient of rank correlation from the following data:

X : 48 33 40 9 16 16 65 24 16 57
Y : 13 13 24 6 15 4 20 9 6 19
4. Solve the following equations by matrix inverse method

2X1+X2+X3 = 4, X1+X2+X3 = 3, 2X1+X2+3X3 = 6
5. Find the characteristic equation, roots and vectors for the following matrix.
2 4 7
A= 6 8 9
4 4 2
27
B.Sc. STATISTICS
SEMESTER – II
Allied I: Theory - II P. Code:
ALLIED MATHEMATICS – II
(Differential Equations and Laplace Transforms)
(For B.Sc Statistics, Physics, Chemistry, Computer Science, Electronics, and BCA.
Major students admitted from the year 2017 - 2018 onwards)
Second / Fourth Semester
Time: 5 Hrs/Week Max Marks : 75
UNIT – I:
Second order differential equation with constant coefficients – Particular intergral
of the type eax, cosαx or sinαx, xn , eαx V where V is any function of cosax or sinax or x or
x2 or xsinax or xcosax.
UNIT – II:
Formation of Partial differential Equation by eliminating arbitrary constants and
arbitrary functions – Definitions - Complete, particular, singular and general integrals –
Problems.
UNIT – III:
Solutions of standard types of Partial differential equations – Clairaut’s Form –
Lagrange’s linear Partial Differential Equations Pp+Qq=R – Problems.
UNIT-IV:
Laplace transforms – Definition – Standard formula – Elementary theorems -
Problems.
UNIT – V:
Inverse Laplace transforms – Standard formula – Elementary theorems –
Applications to solving second order differential equations with constant coefficients –
Problems.
28
TEXT BOOKS:-
Year of
S.NO Title of the Book Author Publishing Company
Publication
Differential
Equations and Margham Publications,
Laplace Chennai- 600017.
Transforms
Margham Publications,
Allied No: 24, Rameswaram
Mathematics Road, T.Nagar,
Chennai-600017.
Meenakshi Publishers,
Allied No:120, Pushpa Nagar,
3. A.Singaravelu 2002
Mathematics Medavakkam, Chennai-
601302.
Reference Books:-
Title Of The Year Of

S.No Author Publishing Company
Book Publication
Emerald Publishers,
Engineering Gunavathi &
1. 135, Anna Salai, 1984
Mathematics Thilkavathy
Chennai- 600002.
Krishana Prakasam
2. Calculus Dr.P.R.Vittal Mandir,9,Shivaji road, 1994
Meerut(UP)
29
B.Sc. STATISTICS
ALLIED MATHEMATICS PRACTICAL
(For B.Sc Statistics, Physics, Computer Science, Electronics, BCA and
Bio-Informatics from the Academic Year 2017 - 2018)
I, II, III Units in First / Third Semester P. Code:
Allied I: Practical
IV, V Units in Second / Fourth Semester
Max Marks: 60
UNIT I:
Characteristic Equation – Cayley-Hamilton Theorem (Statement Only) - Problems
Unit – II:
nth derivative – Leibnitz Theorem for nth derivative – Problems.
Unit III:
Partial differentiation – Partial derivatives of Higher Orders – Homogeneous
functions - Problems
Unit IV:
Scalar Point function – Vector Point function – Gradient of Scalar Point Function –
Divergence and of a Vector Point Function – Solenoidal and Irrotational Functions.
Unit V:
Applications to solve the second order differential equations with constant

coefficients using Laplace Transforms.
Note: The University Practical Examination will be conducted at the end of the even
semester.
Total : 100 marks
(Written practical)
30
Allied I: Practical SEMESTER - II P. Code:
MATHEMATICS PRACTICAL - I
All questions carry EQUAL marks.
 2 1 1 
1 a. Find the characteristic equation of the matrix A =  1 2  1
 1  1 2 
1 1 3

b. Verify Cayley Hamilton Theorem for the given matrix A =  5 2 6 
 2  1  3
u u u
2 a. If u   x  y    y  z    z  x  show that
4 4 4
  0
x y z
3/ 2
x y 1
b.Verify Euler’s Theorem for the given function u  tan  
x y
3 a. Find the nth derivative of e 3 x sin x sin 2 x sin 3 x

b. If y  Sin(m sin 1 x ) Prove that 1  x  y 2  xy1  m 2 y  0 and
2
1  x 2 y n 2  (2n  1) xy n 1  (m 2  n 2 ) y n 0
4 a. Find the gradient of scalar point function  ( x, y, z )  x  xy 2  yz 2 at the point (1,2,-1)
b. Find the divergence and cure of a vector point function F  xz 3 i  2 x 2 yz j  2 yz 4 k at

the point (1,-1,1)
5. Solve: y //  4 y /  5 y  4e 3t given y(0)  2 ; y / (0)  7 using Laplace Transformation
31
B.Sc., STATISTICS
CBCS PATTERN
STRUCTURE, SYLLABUS AND MODEL QUESTION
(For candidates admitted from 2017 - 18 onwards)
SEMESTER – III
Hrs/ Marks
week CIA UE Total
I Tamil Tamil III 6 3 25 75 100
II English English III 6 3 25 75 100
**Examination at the end of fourth semester

Core
Distribution
Theory 5 5 25 75 100
Theory
paper III
Linear
Allied II:
Programming
Theory 4 4 25 75 100
III and its
paper I
applications
III
Core
Major Practical
Practical 2 - - - -
II**
II
Allied II: Operations

2 - - - -
Practical Research**
NMEC-I Matrix Algebra 2 2 25 75 100

IV
Regression
SBEC - I 3 3 25 75 100
Analysis
No. of
Total 30 20 600
courses-6
32
B.Sc. STATISTICS
Core Course - III SEMESTER – III P. Code:
DISTRIBUTION THEORY
Unit – I:
Univariate discrete distributions – their properties – Uniform, Bernoulli, Binomial,
Poisson, Geometric, Hyper geometric and Negative binomial distributions – Limiting form
of binomial and Poisson distribution
Unit – II:
Continuous univariate distributions – Uniform – Normal – Exponential-Cauchy -
Gamma – Beta distribution – Concepts of lognormal, Pareto, Weibull distributions – their
simple applications
Unit – III:
Bivariate normal distributions – marginal and conditional distributions and their
properties – Sampling distributions – Standard error – Derived distribution function of
random variables – Sampling distribution – students ‘t’ – its properties – Uses.
Unit – IV:
Chi-square Random variable – its distribution, properties of chi-square distribution
– Uses of chi-square - F-random variable – distribution of F random variable – its
properties and its uses – Relationship between t, F and chi-square distributions.
Unit – V:
Order Statistics – Distribution function of maximum and minimum order statistics
– Simple applications – Distribution of rth order statistics and sample median – Simple
problems – uses of order statistics.
Reference Books:
1. S.C.Gupta and V.K.Kapoor, (2004), Fundamentals of Mathematical Statistics, Sultan
Chand & Sons, New Delhi.
2. V.K. Rohatgi, (1985), An introduction to probability theory and mathematical
statistics, Wiley Eastern Ltd., New Delhi.
33
Core Course - III SEMESTER – III P. Code:
DISTRIBUTION THEORY
Part – A (10 x 2 = 20)
1. What is the range of binomial variable?

2. Write the MGF of Poisson random variable.
3. State the condition for F (x) to be a distribution function.
4. What is the meant by Cauchy distribution?
5. What is sampling distribution?
6. What is standard error?
7. Define chi-square random variable.
8. State any two uses of ‘F’ statistic.
9. Define order statistics
10. Write down any two uses order statistics
Part – B (5 x 5 = 25)
11. a) Show that mean and variance of the Poisson distribution are equal.
Or
b) Obtain the moment generating function of binomial random variable.
12. a) Find the mean and variance of exponential distribution.
Or
b) Find the MGF of normal distribution.
13. a) Obtain the marginal and conditional distribution function of bivariate normal
distribution.
Or
b) State the uses of ‘t’ statistics.
14. a) State the properties of chi-square distribution.
Or
b) What is ‘F’ random variable? Explain how it is related to‘t’ and chi-square
variables.
15. a) Prove that the pdf of first order statistics of an exponential distribution is also
exponential.
34
Or
b) Obtain the mean of the distribution of sample median for U (0,1) population.
Part – C (3 x 10 = 30)
16. State and prove recurrence relation between moments for the binomial distribution.
17. Determine the characteristic function of normal distribution and hence find mean and
variance.
18. Derive the students‘t’ distribution function
19. Drive the chi square distribution function.
20. Derive the p.d.f. of rth order statistics.
35
B.Sc. STATISTICS
Allied II: Theory - I P. Code:
SEMESTER – III
LINEAR PROGRAMMING AND ITS APPLICATIONS - I
Unit – I:
Introduction – Origin – Nature of OR – Structure – Characteristics – OR in

Decision making – Models in OR – Phase of OR – Uses and Limitations of OR – LPP-
Mathematical formulation of LPP – Graphical Method.
Unit – II:
LPP – Standard form of LPP - Maximization – Minimization – Simplex method –

Artificial variable technique – Big-M method – Two phase method.
Unit – III:
Duality in LPP – Formulation of Dual LPP – Primal – Dual relationship – Solving

LPP using Dual concepts – Dual simplex method.
Unit – IV:
Transportation problem – Balanced, Unbalanced T.P. – Initial basic feasible

solution – North West Corner Rule- Row minima – Column minima – Matrix minima
(LCM) – Vogel’s approximation method – Optimum solution – MODI method.
Unit – V:
Assignment problem – Introduction – Balanced – Unbalanced – Maximization –
Minimization – Hungarian method
Reference Books:
1. Kanti Swarup, P.K.Gupta, Manmohn (1980) – Operations Research, Sultan Chand and
sons, New Delhi.
2. J.K. Sharma: (1997), Operations Research and Application, Mc.Millan and Company,
New Delhi.
3. Nita H.Shah, Ravi M.Gor, Hardik Soni (2010)- Operations Research, PHI Learning
Private Limited, New Delhi.
4. Dr.B.S.Goel & Dr.S.K.Mittal – Operations Research – Pragathi Prakasam Publishers.
36
Allied II: Theory I B.Sc. Degree Examination P. Code:

SEMESTER - III
LINEAR PROGRAMMING AND ITS APPLICATIONS -I
Part – A (10 x 2 = 20)
1. Define Operations Research.

2. State the canonical form of the L.P.P.
3. State the role of artificial variable in solving a L.P.P.
4. Define degenerate solution of L.P.P.
5. Explain the duality in L.P.P.
6. Write the formulation of Dual L.P.P.
7. State the mathematical form of a transportation problem?
8. What is meant by an unbalanced transportation problem?
9. What is an Assignment Problem?
10. What is meant by balanced and unbalanced Assignment Problem?
Part – B (5 x 5 = 25)
11. a) State some feature of O.R?

Or
b) What are the characteristics of a good model for O.R?
12. a)Explain feasible solution and optimum solution of a L.P.P.

Or
b) State the two basic conditions on which the simplex method is based.
13. a)State and explain dual L.P.P.

Or
b) Write the dual of the primal problem given below:
Minimize Z = 7 x1 + 3 x2 + 8 x3
Subject to the constraints,
8 x1 + 2 x2 + x3 > 3, 3 x1 + 6 2x2 + 4x3 > 4, 4 x1 + x2 + 5 x3 > 1
x1 + 5x2 + 2x3 > 7 and x1, x2, x3 > 0
37
14. a) Explain VAM of finding Initial basic feasible solution of a transportation
problem.
Or
b) Explain the degeneracy in transportation problem.
15. a) Explain Hungarian Method of solving a Assignment Problem.

Or
b) Explain the degeneracy in Assignment Problem.
Part – C (3 x 10 = 30)
16. Explain the applications and use of OR.

17. Explain simplex Algorithm.
18. Prove the theorem “The dual of the dual is the Primal”
19. Explain MODI method of solving a transportation problem.
20. Explain the procedure of maximization and minimization of Assignment problem
38
B.Sc. STATISTICS
NMEC : I SEMESTER – III P. Code:
NON MAJOR ELECTIVE COURSES – I
MATRIX ALGEBRA
Unit- I:
Definition of Matrix – Addition, Subtraction, Multiplication of Matrices
Unit-II:
Transpose of a Matrix – Adjoint of a Matrix – Inverse of the Matrix.
Unit-III:
Symmetric, Skew symmetric, Hermitian and Skew Hermitian Matrix –
Problems.
Unit-IV:
Rank of the Matrix- Definition – Finding Rank of the Matrix – Problems up
to 3x3 Matrix.
Unit-V:
Cayley Hamilton Theorem (Statement only) – Problems only
Text Books:
Dr.P.R. Vittal -Allied Mathematics - Margham Publications, Chennai-17 (2000)
39
B.Sc. STATISTICS
NMEC - I SEMESTER – III P. Code:
MATRIX ALGEBRA
Section A – (10 x 2 = 20 Marks)
Answer All Questions.
All Questions Carry Equal Marks.
1. Define: Scalar matrix.
2. If A = then find A2.
3. Write a short notes on: Transpose of a matrix.
4. If A = find adj A
5. Define: Hermitian matrix.

6. Define: Symmetric matrix.
7. Define: Rank of matrix.
8. If A = then find
9. Verify: Cayley Hamilton theorem for matrix A = .
10. State: Cayley Hamilton theorem.

Section – B (5 x 5 = 25 marks)
Answer All Questions
11. (a)If A = , B= then find 3A – 4B.
Or
(b)If A = , B= then show that AB BA.
12. (a) If B = ,C= , show that (BC)T = BT. CT
Or
(b) Find the Adjoint of matrix A = .
13. (a) If = , show that is Skew – Hermitian.
Or
40
(b) If A = , show that A is skew symmetric matrix.
14. (a) Find the rank of matrix A =
Or
(b) Find the rank of matrix A =
15. (a) Verify the Cayley – Hamilton’s theorem for matrix A =
Or
(b) Verify the Cayley – Hamilton’s theorem for matrix A =
Find out i) A-1 ii) A4

SECTION C – (3 x 10 = 30 marks)
Answer any THREE questions.
16. Let f(x) = x2 – 5x + 6 find f(A), whose A =
17 Find the inverse of A =
18. If A = , show that A is orthogonal matrix.
19. If A = then find the rank of matrix A.
20. Verify the Cayley – Hamilton theorem for a matrix A = and
hence find its inverse.
41
B.Sc. STATISTICS
SBEC- I SEMESTER – III P. Code:
REGRESSION ANALYSIS
Unit-I:
Concept of correlation and its types – methods of correlation – Rank
Correlation – equal and unequal rank
Unit-II:
Concept of regression – Liner, Non liner regression – Regression line –
Regression Coefficient – properties of regression coefficient
Unit-III:
Curve fitting- methods – liner equations – methods of least square.
Unit-IV:
Regression curves – conversion of data into linear form (Power curve,
Exponential curves).
Unit-V:
Growth curve fittings – exponential, Gompertz and logistic curves
Reference Books:
1. Fundamentals of Mathematical Statistics, (2000)-S.C. Gupta and V.K. Kapoor.
2. Mathematical Statistics –J.N. Kapoor and H.C. Saxena (1989).
3. Introduction to mathematical Statistics – R.V. Hogg and A.T. Craig (1989).
Note: Question paper may be set irrespective of the units
42
B.Sc. STATISTICS
SBEC- I SEMESTER – III
P. Code:
REGRESSION ANALYSIS

SECTION A – (10x2=20 Marks)
1. What are the types of correlation?
2. x: 1 2 3 4 5
y: 10 15 20 25 30
Are x and y positively correlated or negatively correlated?
3. What do you mean by “Regression”?
4. State the relationship between correlation coefficient and regression coefficients.
5. Transform the curve of the form y=a ebx into linear equation.
6. Find normal equation for fitting a curve of the form y=ax + bx2.
7. What is meant by linear regression?
8. Give one example for linear regression and one example for non-linear regression.
9. State any two uses of curve fitting.
10. State the advantage of principle of least squares method of curve fitting.
SECTION B – (5x5=25 Marks)

11. (a) Explain Scatter diagram method of studying correlation.

Or
(b) Explain Spearman’s method of finding correlation.
12. (a) State the two-variable regression model and its assumptions.
Or
(b) State and two properties regression coefficient and prove one of them.
13. (a) What is meant by curve fitting? Give example.
Or
(b) Explain the least squares method of curve fitting.
14. (a) Explain the method of fitting y= a + bx to the data (xi,yi) i=12,…n.
Or
(b) Show that linear regression equation of y on x and the least squares method of
fitting equation of the form y=a+bx are one and the same.
43
15. (a) What are exponential curves? How do reduce them to linear equation?
Or
(b) What are non-linear regression? What method will you use to fit non-linear
regression?
SECTION C – (3x10=30 Marks)

16. Find Karl-Pearson coefficient of correlation and Spearman’s coefficient of

correlation for the following data and comment on the results.
x: 10 15 20 25 30 28 23 18 17 14
y: 22 24 26 28 30 29 25 20 23 19
y
17. If the regression of y on x is linear, show that E(Y/X=x) =  y   (x  x )
x
Where E(X) = x, E(Y) = y, ρ=correlation coefficient V(X) =2x & V(Y)=2y.
18. Explain the method of fitting an equation of the form

y=c+a1x+a2x2+a2x3+…+anxn, using the principle of least squares.
19. Fit y=a+bx+cx2 to the following data and estimate the value of y when x=1996.
x: 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995
y: 10 20 40 65 45 40
20. Fit a curve of the form y=a ebx to the following data:
x: 0 2 4
y: 5.012 10 31.62
44
B.Sc., STATISTICS
CBCS PATTERN
SEMESTER – IV
Marks
Sem. Part Course Title Hrs/week Credit
CIA UE Total
I Tamil Tamil IV 6 3 25 75 100
II English English IV 6 3 25 75 100

Core
Theory of
Theory 5 5 25 75 100
Estimation
paper V
Allied II
Decision Theory
Theory 5 4 25 75 100
and its Applications
Paper II
IV III
Core
Practical Major Practical II 2 4 40 60 100
II
Allied
II: Operation Research 2 2 40 60 100
Practical
NMEC –
Numerical Methods 2 2 25 75 100
II
IV
Statistical
SBEC-II 3 3 25 75 100
forecasting
No. of
Total 30 26 courses - 800
8
45
B.Sc. STATISTICS
Core Course - IV SEMESTER – IV P. Code:

THEORY OF ESTIMATION
Unit – I:
Point Estimation – Distinction between Estimator and Estimate – Properties of
Estimators – Concept of Unbiasedness, Consistency, Efficiency and Sufficiency –
Statement of Neyman – Factorization theorem – Simple Applications.
Unit – II:
Minimum Variance Unbiased Estimator (MVUE) – Uniqueness property of
MVUE – Proof – Lower bound for variance of estimator – Regularity conditions – Cramer
– Rao inequality – Statement and proof – Simple problems – Asymptotic efficiency.
UNIT – III:
Sufficient statistic and its properties – Concept of complete sufficient statistics –
Simple illustrations – Minimum Variance Bound Estimator (MVBE) – Concept of
Blackwellisation – Statement and proof of Rao – Blackwell theorem
Unit – IV:
Methods of estimation – Maximum likelihood estimator (MLE. and their properties
– Simple problems on MLE – Method of moments – Simple illustrations – Methods of
minimum chi-square and modified minimum chi-square
Unit – V:
Interval estimation – Distinction between point estimation and interval estimation -
Confidence interval and confidence limits – Construction of confidence intervals for
parameters of Binomial, Poisson, Normal and Exponential distribution.
Reference Books:
1. Rohatgi, V.K. (1988), An introduction to probability Theory and Mathematical
Statistics, Wiley Eastern Ltd., New Delhi.
2. Lehmann, E.L. (1986), Theory of point estimation (Student edition).
3. Hogg, R.V. and Craig, A.T. (1978) Introduction to Mathematical Statistics, Fourth
Edition, Collier Macmillian Publishers.
4. Mood, A.M., Graybill, F. a., and Bies, D.C. (1974), Introduction to the Theory of
Statistics, Third Edition, McGrow Hill.
5. Rao, C.R. (1973), Linear Statistical Inference and its Applications, Revised Edition,
Wiley Eastern Ltd., New Delhi.
46
Core Course - IV SEMESTER – IV P. Code:
THEORY OF ESTIMATION
Part – A (10 x 2 = 20)
1. Define an estimator and estimate
2. State Neyman – Factorization theorem
3. Define MVUE
4. What is asymptotic efficiency?
5. Define complete sufficient statistic
6. What is MVBE?
7. Under what condition least square estimator coincides with MLE?
8. Define maximum likelihood estimator.
9. Outline the need for interval estimation.
10. Define confidence limits.
Part – B (5 x 5 = 25)
11. a) Let x1, x2,…..xn be a random sample from the normal population N (, 1). Show that
1 n 2
T=  xi is an unbiased estimate of 1 + 2.
n i 1
(Or)
b) Let x, ………..xn be a random sample from a population with p.d.f. f (x: )= x-1,
n
0  x < 1. Prove that T = x
i 1
i is sufficient for the parameter.
12. a) Prove that MVUE is unique

Or
b) Obtain C-R lower bound for the Cauchy population.
13. a) Define sufficient statistic and state its optimal properties.

Or
b) Explain the concept of Blackwellization.
47
14. a) Explain the method of moments
Or
b) State the properties of MLE.
15. a) Distinguish between point estimation and interval estimation.

Or
b) Explain the concept of confidence interval with suitable example.
PART – C (3 X 10 = 30)
16. Discuss the desirable properties of a good estimator.
17. State and establish Cramer – Rao inequality
18. State and prove Rao – Blackwell theorem
19.i) Explain the procedure of minimum (χ2) chi-square method of estimation.
ii) If X has uniform distribution (a, b) find the estimates for ‘a’ and ‘b’ by the
method of moments
20. Explain the procedure of finding confidence interval stating clearly the
assumptions and give illustration
48
B.Sc. STATISTICS
Allied II: Theory II SEMESTER - IV P. Code:
DECISION THEORY AND ITS APPLICATIONS

Unit – I:
Game Theory – Introduction – Two person zero sum game: - Maximin – Minimax
principle – Game’s with saddle points - Game’s without saddle points – Dominance
property – Graphical solutions of 2 x n and n x 2 Games – Reducing Game problem by
LPP.
Unit – II:
Decision theory – Introduction- Types of Decision Making Environment –
Decision Making under uncertainty – Maximin criterion – Maximax criterion – Minimax
criterion – Laplace criterion – Hurwitz criterion – Decision Making under risk – EMV –
EOL – EVPI - Decision Tree Analysis – Concepts only
Unit – III:
Sequencing problem – Problems with n-jobs on two machines – problems with n-
jobs on three machines – problems with n-jobs on m-machines
Unit – IV:
Replacement problem – Replacement of items that deteriorate with time –
Replacement of items whose maintenance cost increases with time & the values of money
remain same during the period and the value of money also changes with time – selection
of best machine amongst two.
Unit – V:
Network analysis – Basic concepts – Constraints in network – Construction of
network – Critical path method (CPM) - Program Evaluation Review Technique (PERT)
Reference Books:
1. Kanti Swarup P.K. Gupta and Manmohan, (1980), Operations Research, Sultan chand
and sons, New Delhi.
2. J.K.Sharma, (1977): Operations Research, Theory & Application – Mc.Millan India
Ltd.
3. Nita H.Shah, Ravi M.Gor, Hardik Soni (2010) : Operations Research, PHI Learning
Private Limited, New Delhi.
Dr.B.S.Goel & Dr.S.K.Mittal: Operations Research. Pragathi Prakasam Publishers.
49
Allied II: Theory II
Branch – Statistics P. Code:
SEMESTER - IV
DECISION THEORY AND ITS APPLICATION
Part – A (10 x 2 = 20)

1. What do you mean by two person zero sum game?

2. What is a mixed strategy problem in a game theory?
3. Define expected opportunity Loss.
4. What is expected value of perfect information?
5. State any two assumptions in a sequencing problem.
6. Write the conditions to be satisfied in n-jobs on three machine sequencing problem.
7. What is a replacement problem?
8. Write the condition for the replacement of item when money value remains constant.
9. Explain CPM in a network problem.
10. What is (a) Event (b) Node in a network?
Part – B (5 x 5= 25)
11. a) Solve the following game
B
1 2 3 4
I 20 15 12 35
A II 25 14 8 10
III 40 2 10 5
IV -5 4 11 0
Or
b) Solve the following 2 x 2 game
B
B1 B2
A1 1 -1/2
A
A2 -1/2 0
50
12. a) What is Maximax, Minimax criterion in a decision theory problem?
Or
b) The conditional pay offs for each action-event combination are given below.
Determine which alternative the businessman should choose, if he adopts the Hurwitch
criterion with his degree of optimism being 0.7.
Event
Alternative A B C D
X 8 0 -10 6
Y -4 12 18 -2
Z 14 6 0 8
13. a) Explain the procedures of solving the sequencing problems with n-jobs or three
machines.
Or
b) Solve the following sequencing problem
Job 1 Job2 Job3
Machine 1 : 8 6 5
Machine 2 : 8 3 4
14 a) Discuss the replacement of items problem when maintenance cost increases with
time and the value of money remains the same.
Or
b). a firm is considering replacement of a machine, shows cost price is Rs.12,200 and
the scrap value Rs.200. The running costs are found to be as follows:
Year : 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Running Cost (Rs.): 200 500 800 1200 1800 2500 3200 4000
15. a) Construct the network diagram for the following constraints

A <D, E; B,D <F; C<G; B, G<H; F, G < I
Where A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I are the activities.
Or
b) Calculate earliest starting and finishing time for each activity in the following network
problem:
Activity 1-2 1-3 2–4 3-4 3–5 4-9 5–6 5-7 6-8 7- 8 8 - 10 9 - 10
Time 4 1 1 1 6 5 4 8 1 2 5 7
51
Part – C (3 x 10 = 30)
16. Explain the procedure of solving a game problem by L.P.P.
17. The probability of the demand for Lorries for hiring on any day in a given district is as
follows:
No. of Lorries demanded: 0 1 2 3 4
Probability : 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2
Lorries have a fixed cost of Rs.90 each day and to keep the daily hire charges is Rs.200. If
lorry-hire Company owns 4 Lorries, what is its daily expectation? If the company is about
to go into business and currently has no Lorries, how many Lorries should it buy?
18. Explain the procedure of solving n jobs on m-machines
19. Explain the procedures of solving replacement problem whose maintenance cost
increases with time and the value of money also changes with time.
20. A project is represented by the network shown below and has the following data.
Task :A B C D E F G H I
Least Time : 5 18 26 16 15 6 7 7 3
Greatest Time : 10 22 40 20 25 12 12 9 5
Most likely time :8 20 33 18 20 9 10 8 4
F
3 6
B E I
A D H
1 2 5 7
c
G
Calculate
1) Expected task times and their variances.
2) The probability of a node occurring at the proposed completion date if the original
contract time of completing the project is 41.5 weeks.
52
B.Sc. STATISTICS
Core Practical - II SEMESTER - IV P. Code:
MAJOR PRACTICAL – II
Unit – I:
Fitting of Binomial, Poisson and Normal distribution. (Not testing the goodness of
fit)
Unit – II:
Fitting of curves by the least square method up to polynomial of degree two, axb,
aebx and abx
Unit – III:
Multiple correlation and Partial correlation – Multiple Regression equations of
three variables.
Unit – IV:
Estimation of parameters of statistical model (Multinomial distribution,
exponential, normal, binomial and Poisson distributions) – Construction of confidence
intervals for mean and variance
Unit – V:
Method of maximum likelihood and Method of moments – Fitting of Binomial,
Poisson, Normal, Exponential distributions.
Note:
Total : 100 marks
(Written practical)
53
Core Practical - II Branch – Statistics P. Code:

SEMESTER – IV
MAJOR PRACTICAL – II
Time: 3 hours Maximum: 60 marks
All questions carry EQUAL marks
1. In a population of size N = 5, values of Y are 2,4,6,8,10. Select samples of size 3

and find the sample mean and variance. Prove that sample mean and variance are
unbiased estimate of population mean and variance. Further show that variance of
the estimate y from sampling without replacement is less than that obtained from
sampling with replacement.
2. The following table gives the measure value of timber (y. and they occurred (x) on
15 plot’s are selected using SRSWOR. The total cultivated area of the timber is
5124 acres and the total value of the timber is 61,10,000 (x). Obtain the ratio and
regression estimate of the total value of the timber on the basis of the sample data
given below:
X: 170 47 69 91 126 87 195 255 135
146 154 146 110 112 153
Y: 102 14 15 70 95 110 208 110 110
120 130 79 92 110 128
3. The weights of a calf taken at weekly intervals are given below. Fit a straight line
using the method of least squares and calculate the average rate of growth per
week.
Age (X) :1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Weight (Y): 52.5 58.7 65.0 70.2 75.4 81.1 87.2 5.5 101.2
54
4. The data given below represents the frequency of off-spring of classes.
Classes : AB A αB αβ
Frequency : 299 138 185 118
Probability (2+θ) (1- θ) (1- θ) θ
Estimate the parameter θ, by the method of maximum likelihood and also find out
it’s S.E.
5. Fit a Poisson distribution for the following data and test the goodness of fit.
X: 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
f: 210 180 160 93 40 21 8 5 3
55
B.Sc. STATISTICS
Allied II: Practical SEMESTER – IV P. Code:
OPERATIONS RESEARCH
Unit – I:
Linear programming problem – Graphical Method – Simplex Method – Big –
Method – Two phase method (Not more than three constraints)
Unit – II:
Transportation Problem – Basic feasible solutions – By NWC rule – Matrix
minima – Vogel’s Approximation Method – Optimum solution by MODI Method –
Balanced & Unbalanced TP. Assignment Problem – Balanced & Unbalanced AP
(Hungarian Method).
Unit – III:
Game Theory – Pure and Mixed Strategy situation with and without saddle point -
Dominance rule – Graphical method for 2 x n and n x 2 Game.
Unit – IV:
Decision theory - Decision making under deterministic & probabilistic situations –
EMV. Sequencing problem n jobs on two machines and n jobs on three machines
Unit – V:
Replacement problem – Items that deteriorate gradually and money value constant
with time – Money value changing with time. Network analysis – Critical Path Method
(CPM and PERT)
Note:
Total : 100 marks
(Written practical)
56
PERIYAR UNIVERSITY
Allied II: Practical SEMESTER – IV P. Code:
SECOND ALLIED PRACTICAL
OPERATION RESEARCH

1. Use penalty method to solve the following LPP.

Maximize z = 2x1 + x2 + x3
Subject to 4x1 + 6x2 + 3x3  8
3x1 – 6x2 – 4x3  1
2x1 + 3x2 – 5x3  4
and x1, x2, x3  0
2. Obtain the optimum solution to the following transportation problem

To Availability
7 3 2 2
From 2 1 3 3
3 4 6 5
Demand 4 1 5
3. Use the notion of dominance to simplify the rectangular game with the following
pay off and solve it graphically.
Player B
I II III IV
Player A 1 18 4 6 4
2 6 2 13 7
3 11 5 17 3
4 7 6 12 2
57
4. A newspaper boy has the following probabilities of selling a magazine
No. of copies sold 10 11 12 13 14
Probability 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25 0.30
Cost of a copy is 30 paise and sale price 50 paise. He cannot return unsold copies.
How many copies should be ordered?
5. A capital equipment costs initially Rs.18, 000. Its annual operating costs and the
fall in its resale value over the years are given below. Find out the optimum
replacement period and the average annual cost for the replacement period.
Year : 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Resale value (Rs.): 16000 14300 12850 11600 10500 9500 8550
Running cost (Rs) 800 950 1150 1400 1700 2100 2600
58
B.Sc. STATISTICS
NMEC- II SEMESTER - IV P. Code:
NUMERICAL METHODS
Unit- I:
Solution of algebraic and Transcendental Equations – Bisection Methods –
Newton – Raphson’s Method
Unit-II:
Finite difference – Definition – First difference – Higher differences –
Difference tables – expression of any value of Y in terms of the initial value Y0 and
differences.
Unit-III:
Newton Forward difference – Simple Problems
Unit-IV:
Newton Backward difference – Simple Problems
Unit-V:
Central differences – Properties of the operator D – Simple problems
Text Books:
1. Introductory methods of Numerical Analysis – 4th - S.S Sastry- Prentice
Hall of India Pvt Ltd, New Delhi.
2. Numerical Methods in Science and Engineering – 2 nd Edition (revised) -
Dr.M.K.Venkataraman - The National Publishing company, Chennai
59
B.Sc. STATISTICS
NMEC-II SEMESTER – IV P. Code:
NUMERICAL METHODS
Section A – (10 x 2 = 20 Marks)
1. State the Newton – Raphson formula.
2. Find the interval in which the root of x3 – 9x + 1 = 0 lies?
3. Prove that Δ2 y0 = y2 -2y1+y0.
4. Prove that E = ehD.
5. Write down the Newton’s forward difference formula.
6. If x = 42, x0 = 40, h = 5 then find p.
7. Write down the Newton’s backward difference formula.
8. Write down the difference table for the following data.
x: 0 1 2 3
y: 1 3 9 31
9. Define: First Order central difference.
10. Prove that δ = -
Section – B (5 x 5 = 25 marks)
11. (a)Use bisection method to find a real root of the equation x3 – x -1
Or
(b)Show that Newton – Raphson formula to find can be expressed in the form
, n = 0, 1, 2.
12. (a) Prove that Δ4 y0 = y4 – 4y3 + 6y2 – 4y1 + y0.

Or
(b) Prove that i) E = 1 + Δ ii) μ = δ2.
13. (a) Find the cubic polynomial which takes the following values: y(1) = 24, y(3) =
120, y(5) = 336 and y(7) = 720.
Or
(b) Using Newton’s forward formula find the value of y when x = 21 from the
following
x: 20 23 26 29
y: 0.34 0.39 0.44 0.48
60
15. (a) From the following table, estimate the value of y when x = 65.
x: 31 41 51 61 71
y: 46 66 81 93 101
Or
(b) Find the value of y at x = 28 from the following data.
x: 20 23 26 29
y: 0.3420 0.3907 0.4384 0.4848
15. (a) Write down central difference table upto δ6 .
Or
(b) Prove that Δ = E = δE1/2.
16. Use the Newton – Raphson method to find a root of the equation x3 – 2x – 5= 0.
17 Find the missing term in the following table.
x: 0 1 2 3 4
y: 1 3 9 - 81
18. From the following data, find θ at x = 43
x: 40 50 60 70 80 90
y: 184 204 226 250 276 304
19. Estimate the population for the year 1995 from the following:
Year: 1921 1931 1941 1951 1961
Population: 46 66 81 93 101
(in thousands)
20. Obtain central difference table for the following data.
Year(x): 1891 1901 1911 1921 1931
f(x): 46 66 81 93 101
61
B.Sc. STATISTICS
SBEC- II SEMESTER – IV P. Code:
STATISTICAL FORECASTING
Unit – I:
Concept of partial correlation – simple application
Unit – II:
Concept of multiple correlation – simple illustration
Unit – III :
Regression coefficients and its properties
Unit – IV:
Concept of multiple regression – simple problem
Unit – V:
Fitting of multiple regression lines and estimations (three variables only)
Reference Books:
1. S.C.Gupta and V.K.Kapoor (2004): Fundamentals of Mathematics Statistics,

Sultan Chand and Sons, New Delhi.
2. J.N.Kapoor and H.C.Sexana (1989) : Mathematical Statistics, sultan Chand and
sons, New Delhi.
62
B.Sc. STATISTICS
SBEC-II SEMESTER – IV P. Code:
STATISTICAL FORECASTING
Section A – (10x2=20 Marks)
1. Mention the use of studying partial correlation.

2. Write the formula for r23.1.
3. Define multiple correlation
4. If r12=0.77, r13=0.72 and r23=0.52. Calculate R21.23.
5. Write the two regression equation.
6. If regression coefficient of X on Y and Y on X are -0.48 and -0.9 respectively.
Calculate correlation coefficient of X and Y.
7. Write the formula for b12.34…n Δb 21.34…n.
8. What is primary and secondary subscript?
9. Write the equation of plane of regression of X1 on X2 and X3 .
10. Write the error of estimate of trivariate distribution.
Section – B (5x5=25 marks)
11. (a) For a trivariate distribution prove that
r12  r13 r23
R12.3 
1  r132 1  r232
Or
(b) From the heights (X1), weights (X2. and ages (X3) of a group of students the
following correlation coefficient were obtained r12 = 0.75, r23 = 0.54, r31 = 0.43.
Calculate partial correlation coefficient.
12. (a) Express multiple correlation in terms of total and partial correlations.
Or
(b) Derive the multiple correlation coefficient of X1 on X2 and X3.
13. (a) Write short notes on regression equation.
Or
(b) State the properties of regression coefficient.
14. (a) State the properties of residuals.
Or
(b) Explain the multiple regression of variables.
63
15. (a) Prove the identify
b 12.3b 23.1b31.2 = r12.3r23.1r31.2
Or
(b) Given the values
1=2, 2=3, r12 = 0.7 r23 = r31=0.5 find b12.3 and b 13.2.
16. Show that the correlation between the residuals X1.23 and X2.13 is equal and
opposite that between X1.3 and X2.3.
17 If 1-R21.23 = - (1-r212) (1-r213.2) deduce
(a) R1.23 ≥ r12
(b) R21.23 = r212+r213 if r23 =0
(1   )(1  2  )
(c) 1-R21.23 = provided all coefficient of few order are equal to .
(1   )
18. Calculate the correlation coefficient and find the two lines of regression from
the following data. Find the estimate of Y when X =66.
X: 57 58 59 59 60 61 62 64
Y: 67 68 65 68 72 72 69 71
19. Obtain the equation of the plane of regression of X1 on X2X3 … Xn.
20. Find the regression equation of X1 on X2 and X3 given the following results.
X1 28.02 X2 = 4.91 X3 = 594, 1 = 4.42 2 = 1.1 3 = 85
r12 = 0.8 r23 = -0.56 r31 = -0.4.
64
B.Sc., STATISTICS
CBCS PATTERN
SEMESTER – V
Hrs/ Marks
week CIA UE Total
Core Theory Sampling
6 5 25 75 100
Paper V Techniques
**Examination at the end of sixth semester

Core Theory Testing of
6 5 25 75 100
Paper VI Hypothesis
Statistical
Core Theory
Quality 5 5 25 75 100
Paper VII
Control
III Major
Core Practical
Practical 3 - - - -
V III
III***
Major
Core Practical
Practical 2 - - - -
IV
IV***
Stochastic
Core Elective I 5 5 25 75 100
Processes
Non –
IV SBEC-III Parametric 3 3 25 75 100
Test
Total 30 23 No of course - 5 500
65
B.Sc. STATISTICS
Core Course - V
SEMESTER – V P. Code:
SAMPLING TECHNIQUES
Unit – I:
Concept of sampling and population: Need for sampling – Design, Organization
and execution of sample survey – Principal steps in sample surveys – preparation of
questionnaire and schedules – Pilot survey – Sampling and Non-sampling Errors –
Limitations of sampling.
Unit – II:
Sampling from finite population – Simple Random Sampling with and without
replacement – Unbiased estimate of mean and Variance – finite population correction –
Estimation of standard error from a sample – Determinations of sample size – Simple
Random Sampling for attributes.
Unit – III:
Stratified Random Sampling: Concept of stratifying factor - Unbiased estimate of
the mean and variance of the estimated mean – Proportional and optimum allocation –
Relative precision of stratified random sampling and simple random sampling
Unit – IV:
Ratio and regression estimators (based on simple random sampling only) – concept
of Auxiliary variate – Ratio estimators – Bias of Ratio estimates – Variance of the ratio
estimates – comparison of Ratio estimator with mean per unit.
Regression Estimators: Linear regression estimate, Regression estimate with pre
assigned ‘b’ and regression estimates computed from sample.
Unit – V:
Systematic sampling: Estimation of the mean and variance of the estimated mean –
comparison of simple, stratified and systematic sampling – circular systematic sampling.
NSSO and its functions – Other agencies undertaking sample surveys.
Reference Books
1. W.G.Cochran (1985) Sampling Techniques, Wiley Eastern Ltd, New Delhi.
2. S.C. Gupta and V.K.Kapoor (2007), Fundamentals of Applied Statistics, Sultan
3. Goon. A.M., Gupta. M.K, B.Das Gupta. Fundamentals of Statistics.
66
Core Course - V
SEMESTER - V P. Code:
SAMPLING TECHNIQUES
Part – A (10 x 2 = 20)
1. Define: Population and sample.
2. Define: Sampling error.
3. What is meant by a SRSWOR?
4. Compare the variances of SRSWR Vs SRSWOR.
5. What is meant by stratified random sampling?
6. State any two advantages of stratified random sampling.
7. Define the confidence limits of Y and R.
8. Define V( R̂ ).
9. State any two merits of systematic sampling.
10.The systematic sampling gives more precise estimate of the population mean as
compared with SRSWOR if and only if ________
Part – B (5 x 5 = 25)
11. a) Explain any two non-sampling errors.
Or
b) State the limitations of sampling.
12. a) Explain random number method of selecting SRS
Or
b) Explain the merits of SRS
13. a) Prove E (yst) = Y
Or
b) Find V (yst) prop.
14. a) Explain the conditions under which the ratio estimator is a best linear unbiased
estimator
Or
b) Derive V (Ylr )
67
15. a)Explain the method of selecting a systematic sample.
Or
b) Distinguish between stratified random sampling and systematic random sampling.
Part – C (3 x 10 = 30)
16. Explain the principal steps involved in a sample survey.

17. Prove that in SRSWOR, the variance of the sample mean is given by,
S 2 N  n 
V ( Yn ) =
nN
18. Discuss proportional and optimum allocation in stratified random sampling.
19. Discuss the bias of the ratio estimate.
20. Prove var( y st ) < var ( y sys ) < var( y n )R
68
B.Sc. STATISTICS
Core Course -VI SEMESTER – V P. Code:
I TESTING OF HYPOTHESIS
UNIT – I:
Statistical Hypothesis – Simple and composite hypothesis – Critical Regions –
Types of errors – Level of Significance – Size and power of the test – Most powerful (MP)
test – Neymann – Pearson Lemma – UMP test – Simple problems.
UNIT – II:
Testing of Significance – Large sample and small sample tests – Normal test for
mean, variance, proportion and coefficient of correlation – Small sample tests based on t,
F for testing mean and variance – Paired t test.
UNIT – III:
Likelihood Ratio (LR) test – Procedure and simple applications – Properties and
use of LR test – Relationship between testing of hypothesis and confidence interval.
UNIT – IV:
Analysis of variance (ANOVA) – concept and example – Explanation ANOVA for
one way and two – Classifications – Procedures and inference – Chi Square test for
Variance, Goodness of fit and independence of attributes.
UNIT – V:
Sequential analysis – Need for Sequential rules – Wald’s sequential Probability
Ratio Test (SPRT) – Average Sample Number (ASN. and Operating Characteristic (OC)
functions – Simple illustrations.
References Books:
1. Rohatgi, V.K. (1988), An introduction to Probability Theory and Mathematical
Statistics, Wiley Eastern Ltd., New Delhi.
2. Lehmann, F.L.(1986), Testing of Statistical Hypothesis (Student edition).
3. Hogg, R.V. and Craig, A.T. (1978), Introduction to Mathematical Statistics, Fourth
edition, Colliar Mac.Millan Publishers.
4. Mood, A.M., Graybill, F.F. and Boes, D.C.(1974), Introduction to the Theory of
Statistics, Third Edition, Mcgraw Hill.
5. Rao, C.R. (1973), Linear Statistical Inference and its Applications, Revised edition,
Wiley Eastern Ltd., New Delhi.
69
PERIYAR UNIVERSITY
Core Course - VI SEMESTER – V P. Code:
TESTING OF HYPOTHESIS
Times: 3 Hours Maximum: 75 marks
Part – A (10 x 2 – 20)
Answer ALL question
1. Define a statistical hypothesis?
2. What do you mean by Critical Region?
3. Distinguish between small sample and large sample test
4. What is the importance of paired t-test?
5. Define LR test
6. State any two uses of LR test?
7. Define analysis of variance
8. What is contingency table?
9. What is meant by sequential analysis?
10. Define an OC function of a SPRT.
Part – B (5 x 5 = 25)
11. a) Explain the two types of errors in hypothesis testing.
Or
b) Distinguish between MP test and UMP test.
12. a) Describe the t-test procedure for the testing the equality of mean of two normal
Populations
Or
b) Discuss the F-test for testing the equality of variances of two normal populations.
13. a) State the properties of LR test

Or
b) Explain paired t-test procedure.
14. a) Outline the procedure of ANOVA of one-way classification
Or
2
b) Explain the  test procedure for testing the independence of attributes
15. a) What is average sample number? What purpose does this serve in SPRT?
Or
b) Explain the need for sequential rules.
70
Part – C (3 x 10 = 30)
16. State and prove Neyman-Pearson Lemma. Mention its importance.
17. Explain the large sample test procedure for testing the equality of proportions for
unequal sample size from two populations.
18. Explain the relationship, between testing of hypothesis and confidence interval
giving example.
19. Derive the analyze of variance for two way classification stating clearly its
assumptions
20. Explain the procedure of SPRT and state its OC and ASN functions.
Mention the importance of SPRT.
71
B.Sc. STATISTICS
Core Course -VII SEMESTER – V
P. Code:
STATISTICAL QUALITY CONTROL
Unit – I:
Basic concepts of quality – Meaning of quality – Quality of design – Quality of
conformance – Specification of quality concepts of S.Q.C. – Causes of variation
Unit – II:
Process control – Control chart – Basis of control chart – uses - Rational subgroups
– Control charts for variables ( X , R and S – Charts) – Sloping control Charts – Uses of
Control Chart.
Unit – III:
Control charts for Attributes (P, np, c for fixed and varying sample sizes) –
comparison of control charts for variable and attributes – Applications of theory of runs in
quality control.
Unit – IV:
Product control – Acceptance sampling – Sampling inspection by attributes –
Producer’s and consumer’s risk, AQL, LTPD, IQL – Single, Double sampling plan
procedure, OC, AOQ, AOQL, ASN and ATI curves
Unit – V:
Sequential sampling plan procedure – estimation of parameters – OC, AOQ, ASN
curves, multiple sampling, comparison between single, double and multiple sampling
Reference Books:
1. M.Mahajan (2001), Statistical quality control, Dhanpat Rai & co (p) Ltd., Delhi.
2. S.C.Gupta, V.K.Kapoor, (2007), Fundamentals of Applied Statistics, Sultan Chand &
Sons, New Delhi.
3. A.J.Duncan, (1974), Quality control and industrial statistics, Irwin inc. Homewook
4. E.L.Grant and R.S.Leavenworth (1991), Statistical Quality Control, Mc-Graw-Hill,
New york.
72
Core Course -VII SEMESTER – V P. Code:
STATISTICAL QUALITY CONTROL
Part – A (10 x 2 = 20)

1) What are the objectives in quality control?

2) Write a note on process specification?
3) Define process control in manufacturing product
4) What are the factors needed while selecting a sub group?
5) Write two applications of C-Chart
6) Write the 3 σ - control limits for number of defective charts.
7) Define producer’s risk.
8) What do you mean by a double sampling plan?
9) Define OC-function of a sequential sampling plan.
10) Mention the ASN function for sequential sampling plan.
Part – B (5 x 5 = 25)
11. a) Explain the various steps in quality control programme.

Or
b) Explain the following terms
i) Standard specification
ii) Customer specification
12. a) What do you understand by control charts in statistical quality control.

Or
b) Explain briefly about detecting lack of control in X & R – Charts.
13. a) Explain the construction of control limits for P-Chart.

Or
b) Distinguish between control chart for variables and attributes.
73
14. a) Write short note on the following
i. a Q L, (ii)LTPD in an acceptance sampling procedure.
Or
b) How to determine the consumer’s risk in single sampling plan?
15. a) Explain briefly the sequential sampling inspection plan.

Or
b) How to form the OC-function of a sequential sampling plan?
Part – C ( 3 x 10 = 30)
16. Explain in details of specification of quality.

17) Explain the concept of sloping control chart and how to estimate tolerance spread
in machining operations.
18) Explain in details the theory of runs in quality control
19) Discuss the double sampling procedure and how to obtain OC-curve in this plan.
20) Obtain the OC & AOQ curves for sequential sampling plan.
74
B.Sc. STATISTICS
Core Elective - I SEMESTER – V P. Code:
STOCHASTIC PROCESSES
Unit – I:
Definition of Stochastic Processes – Classification of Stochastic Processes
according to time parameter space and state space – Examples of Stochastic Processes
Unit – II:
Markov Chains – Definitions and examples – Higher transition probabilities –
Chapman - Kolmogorov equation – Classification of States – Limiting behaviour (concept
and applications only)
Unit – III:
Stationary processes and time series – Strict and wide Sense stationary models of
time series – Concept of spectrum of time series
Unit – IV:
Poisson Processes – Poisson process and related distributions – Birth-death
processes – Simple examples
Unit – V:
Markov process with continuous state space – Brownian movement – Wiener
process – Differential equation for a Wiener process – Kolmogorov equations – first
passage time distribution for Wiener process – Distribution of the maximum of a Wiener
process – Distribution of the first passage time to a fixed point
Note: Emphasis should be only on the concepts, Statement and Applications of major
theorems and results on the topics mentioned in the syllabus.
Reference Books:
1. S. Karlin, H.M. Taylor, (1966) : First Course in Stochastic Processes, Academic Press.
2. J. Medhi (1982): Stochastic Processes, Wiley Eastern Ltd, New Delhi.
3. N.U. Prabhu, (1965): Stochastic Processes, Mac.Millan, New York.
75
Core Elective - I SEMESTER – V P. Code:
STOCHASTIC PROCESSES
Part – A (10 x 2 = 20)

1. What is a random variable?

2. Define a stochastic process.
3. State the markov property.
4. Define (i. absorbing state (ii) Transient state.
5. Define a stationary process.
6. What is a wide sense stationary?
7. Define a birth process.
8. State any two postulates of poison process.
9. Define Brownian movement
10. What is Wiener process?
Part – B (5 x 5 = 25)
11. a) Explain state space and parametric space with an example.
Or
b) Explain how you classify the stochastic process w.r.t. state and parametric
spaces.
12. a) Define markov chain and give an example.
Or
b) What do you mean by stochastic matrix?
13. a) Show that poison process is not stationary process.
Or
b) Show that first order markov process is a co-variance stationary.
14. a) What are the properties of Poisson process?
Or
b) Show that the interval between two successive occurrences of a Poisson process
{N(t)} having parameter λ has a negative exponential distribution with mean 1/λ
76
15. a) Write a note on Markov process with continuous states space
Or
b) Describe first passage time distribution for Wiener process
Part – C (3 x 10 = 30)
16. Explain the stochastic process with

(i)Discrete valued continuous time parametric space
(ii) Continuous valued discrete time parametric space, giving suitable example for each.
17. State and prove Chapman-Kolmogorov equation.
18. Show that moving average process is co-variance stationary.
19. Derive the differential equations satisfied by a Birth-Death process.
20. Obtain the Kolmogorov equation
77
B.Sc. STATISTICS
SBEC- III SEMESTER – V P. Code:
NON-PARAMETRIC TESTS
Unit – I:
Introduction of non-parametric test – its comparison with parametric test –
Advantage and limitations of non-parametric tests
Unit – II:
Test for randomness – Run test – Test for rank correlation co-efficient – Sign test.
Unit – III:
Comparison of two populations: median test – Mann Whitney U test – Wilcoxon
signed rank test for paired observations.
Unit – IV:
Comparison of several populations: Median test for several samples – Kruskal
Walli’s test – Friedman ANOVA.
Unit – V:
Testing of goodness of fit by Kolmogorov – Smirnov test – chi-square test for
uniformity of data – Distinction between non-parametric and distribution free tests.
References Books:
1. J.D.Gibbons (1976): Non-parametric methods for quantitative analysis, New
York.
2. J.V.Desphande, A.P.Gune, A.Shanubhogur: Statistical Analysis of non-normal
data.
3. Richard I. Lerin: Statistics for Management, Practice Hall of India, New Delhi.
78
B.Sc. STATISTICS
SBEC- III SEMESTER – V P. Code:
NON – PARAMETRIC TESTS
SECTION A – (10x2=20 Marks)
Answer all the questions
1. What do you mean by non – parametric test?

2. When do you apply non – parametric test?
3. Define a run?
4. Write the rank correlation coefficient formula.
5. What is meant by two – sample problem?
6. For paired observations, what are the non – parametric tests available?
7. What are the non – parametric tests that are used to compare three or more
populations?
8. Write down the formula for H – statistic.
9. What is the purpose of Smirnov test?
10. Give to applications of Chi square distribution one for parametric test and another
for non – parametric test.
SECTION B – (5x5=25 Marks)

11. (a) State the assumptions of Non-Parametric tests.

Or
(b) What are the limitations of Non-parametric tests
12. (a) Explain the run test for randomness.
Or
(b) Compare t-test and sign test.
13. (a) Explain the median test.
Or
(b) Distinguish between U-test and Wilcoxon signed rank test.
14. (a) Explain the role of ranks in non-parametric tests.
Or
(b) Explain median test for K samples and compare it with median test for 2
samples.
79
15. (a) Explain goodness of fit test by Kolmogorov - Simonov.
Or
(b) What are distribution free tests?
SECTION C – (3x10=30 Marks)

16. Distinguish between parametric and non-parametric tests.
17. Explain the test for rank correlation coefficient.
18. Discuss the Mann-Whitney U test and its importance.
19. The following are the final examination grades of sample from three groups of
students who were taught German by three different methods.
Method I: 94, 88, 91, 74, 87, 97
Method II: 85, 82, 79, 84, 61, 72, 80
Method III: 89, 67, 72, 76, 68
Apply suitable non-parametric test for testing the null hypothesis that the three
methods are equally effective.
20. Explain Chi square test for K proportions.
80
B.Sc., STATISTICS
CBCS PATTERN
(For candidates admitted from 2017 - 2018 onwards)
SEMESTER – VI
Marks
Hrs/
week
CIA UE Total
Core Theory Design of
6 5 25 75 100
Paper VIII Experiments
Core Theory
Applied Statistics 6 5 25 75 100
Paper IX
Core
Major Practical III 2 4 40 60 100
Practical III
III
Core
Major Practical IV 3 4 40 60 100
Practical IV
Core Elective
Actuarial Statistics 5 5 25 75 100
II
VI
Core Elective
Numerical Analysis 5 5 25 75 100
III
Queuing Theory
3 3 25 75 100
(OR)
IV SBEC-IV
Statistical Practical
3 3 40 60 100
(SPSS)
V Extension Activities - 1 - - -
No. of
Total 30 32 700
courses - 7
No. of
Grand Total 180 140 3800
courses - 38
81
B.Sc. STATISTICS
Core Course - VIII SEMESTER – VI P. Code:
DESIGN OF EXPERIMENTS
UNIT – I:
Basic principles of experimental design – Replication Randomization and local
control – Transformation of data and its need.
UNIT – II:
Uniformity trials – LSD test – SNK test – Duncan’s multiple range test – Turkeys
(HSD) test – Basic designs – Completely Randomized design (CRD. and its Analysis.
UNIT – III:
Randomized Block Design (RBD. and their analysis – Missing plot technique for
RBD (one and two missing values) – Latin Square Design (LSD. and its analysis –
Missing plot technique
UNIT – IV:
Factorial Experiments: Concept of main effects and interactions pxq, 2², 2³ and
principle of confounding. (Concepts Only)
UNIT – V:
3² Factorial Experiment – Need and analysis of split – plot design (two factors only
– main plot treatments with RBD layout)
Reference Books:
1. S.C.Gupta & V.K.Kapoor (2007), Fundamentals of Applied Statistics, Sultan Chand &
Sons, New Delhi.
2. A.M.Goon M.K.Gupta and B.Das Gupta (1994), Fundamentals of Statistics V-II, The
world press Ltd., Calcutta.
3. M.N.Das and N.C.Giri, (1998), Design and Analysis of experiments, Wiley Eastern
Ltd, New Delhi.
82
PERIYAR UNIVERSITY
Core Course - VIII SEMESTER - VI
P. Code:
DESIGN OF EXPERIMENTS
Part – A (10 x 2 = 20)
1) State the basic principles of experimental design
2) Define local control
3) What is Turkey’s test
4) What are uniformity trials?
5) Define Randomized block design
6) Write down the formula for estimating a missing value in RBD.
7) State any two advantages of factorial experiments.
8) What do you mean by confounding?
9) Define split plot design
10) What is 32 factorial experiment
Part – B (5 x 5 = 25)
Answer ALL Questions
11. a) Explain the need for transformation of data
Or
b) Describe Randomization
12. a) Explain least significant difference test

Or
b) State any five advantages of CRD.
13. a) Explain the analysis of RBD

Or
b) Explain how the randomization principle is done in the construction of LSD with an
example.
14. a) Define main effect and interaction effect in 22 factorial experiment.
Or
b) Distinguish between partial and total confounding.
83
15. a)Explain strip-plot design with two factors.
Or
b) Define main effect & interaction effect in a 32 factorial experiment.
Part – C (3 x 10 = 30)
16) Discuss square root and Angular transformations of data

17). Describe the analysis of Completely Randomized Design
18) Describe the analysis of RBD with one missing observation.
19) Sketch the analysis of 23 factorial experiments.
20) Explain, in detail, the analysis of 32 factorial experiment.
84
B.Sc. STATISTICS
Core Course -IX SEMESTER – VI P. Code:
APPLIED STATISTICS
Unit – I:
Concept of time series – Source of time series data – Component of time series –
Additive and Multiplicative models – Resolving the components of time series – Trend –
Methods of measuring trend – Semi average method – Method of moving average –
Method of least squares – First order & second order polynomials and logistic curves
Unit – II:
Seasonal variation – Seasonal index – Methods of measuring seasonal index –
Simple average method – Ratio to moving average - Ratio to trend method – Link relatives
method – Cyclical variation – Measurement of cyclical variation – Method of periodogram
analysis – Auto regression series of first order and second order – Auto correlation and
correlogram analysis – Random components -Variate difference method.
Unit – III:
Basis of Index Numbers – Definition – uses - Problems in the construction –
Different types of Index Numbers – Simple Index Numbers – Weighted Index Numbers –
Laspeyre’s Index Numbers – Paasche’s Index Numbers – Fisher’s Index Numbers –
Marshall & Edge worth Index Numbers – Dorbish & Bowley’s Index Numbers
Unit – IV:
Optimum tests of Index Numbers – Time reversal test – Factor Reversal Test –
Circular Test – Chain base Index Number – Conversion of FBI into CBI and Vice versa –
Uses of Index Numbers - Wholesale price Index Numbers (Concept only)
Unit – V:
Cost of living Index Numbers – Methods of construction – Aggregate method –
Family budget method – splicing and deflating – Base shifting – Uses of cost of living
Index Numbers.
Reference Books:
1. A.M.Goon M.K.Gupta and B.Das Gupta (1994), Fundamentals of Statistics V-II, The
world press Ltd., Culcutta.
2. Croxton : Applied General Statistics.
3. S.C.Gupta, V.K.Kapoor, (2007):Fundamentals of Applied Statistics, Sultan Chand &
Sons, New Delhi
85
Core Course - IX SEMESTER – VI
P. Code:
APPLIED STATISTICS
Time: 3 Hours Maximum 75 Marks.
Part – A (10 x 2 = 20)
1) What do you mean by time series Analysis?

2) State the models used in a time series data
3) Define Auto Correlation.
4) What do you mean by periodogram?
5) Give the definition of an Index Number.
6) What are weighted Index Numbers?
7) Define circular test
8) Explain how the base year for the construction of Index Number is selected?
9) What do you mean by ‘Base Shifting’?
10) State the errors involved in the construction of cost of living Index Number.
Part – B (5 x 5 = 25)
11. a) Explain the Semi-Average method for fitting a trend line

Or
b) Explain the procedure of deciding about the type of the trend line or curve
suitable for a given time series data.
12. a) Obtain the value of rk for the first order auto-regressive series.
Or
b) Explain briefly the periodogram analysis.
13. a) Prove that Fisher’s Index Number lies between Laspeyre’s and Paasche’s index
numbers.
Or
b) Explain the sampling error of an Index Number.
86
14. a) Explain Time Reversal and Factor Reversal Tests with an example.
Or
b) State the uses of Index Numbers.
15. a) What do you mean by splicing and deflating of Index Numbers.

Or
b) Outline the uses of cost of Living Index Numbers.
Part – C (3 x 10 = 30)
16) Explain briefly the component of a time series data.

17) Describe variate difference method.
18) Explain briefly the problems involved in the construction of Index Number
19) The following table gives the average wholesale prices of four groups of commodities
for the year 1999 to 2003. Compute chain base Index Numbers
Commodity 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003

A 2 3 4 2 7
B 3 6 9 4 3
C 4 12 20 8 16
D 5 7 18 11 22
20) Explain the problems in the constructions of cost of Living Index Numbers and state
its uses.
87
B.Sc. STATISTICS
SEMESTER – VI
Core Elective - II P. Code:
ACTUARIAL STATISTICS
UNIT - I:
Present value and accumulated value at fixed rate and varying rates of interest –
effective rate of interest corresponding to a nominal rate of interest and vice-versa –
Simple problems – annuity – types of annuities excluding perpetuity – derivation of the
formula for an%, sn%, a..n% and s..p% simple problems.
Unit – II:
Derivation of the formula for a(p)n%, s(p)n%, a..(p)n% and s..(p)n% simple problems –
redemption of loan by uniform early payment – definitions of sinking fund – redemption
of loan by a sinking fund (uniform early payment) simple problems.
Unit – III:
Mortality table: Definition- Uses – mentioning the types and the construction of a
mortality table – complete and incomplete mortality table – computing the probabilities of
survival and death using LIC (1970-1973) Mortality table- defining expectation of life,
complete expectation of life and central death rate – simple problems.
Unit – IV:
Principles of Insurance – Types of assurance – temporary assurance, pure
endowment assurance, endowment assurance and whole life assurance – Expressions for
present values of assurance benefits under temporary assurance, pure endowment
assurance, endowment assurance and whole life assurance plans – simple problems
Unit – V:
Definitions of premium, Natural premium level, Annual Premium, Net Premium
and Office Premium – Expressions for level annual premium under temporary assurance,
pure endowment assurance, endowment assurance and whole life assurance plans – simple
problem involving the calculations of level annual present annual premium, office
premium and the four types of plans only.
Reference Books:
1.Mathematics Basis of Life Insurance – Insurance Institute of India.
2.Mathematics of Finance – Scheme Series.
88
Core Elective - II SEMESTER – V P. Code:
ACTUARIAL STATISTICS
Section – A (10 x 2 = 20)
1. Define immediate annuity.
2. What is an effective rate of interest?
3. What is sinking fund?
4. What is Redemption of Loan?
5. What is the difference between complete and curtate expectation of life?
6. State any two uses of mortality table.
7. Define Endowment Assurance.
8. What is meant by whole life Assurance?
9. Define natural premium.
10. What is office premium?
Section – B (5 x 5 = 25)
11. a) The compound interest on Rs.8,000/- in two years at a certain rate is Rs.820/- and
in 3 years it is Rs.1261 at the same rate. Find the rate of interest.
Or
b) Derive the relation between effective rate and nominal rate and vice versa.
12. a) Find the present value of an immediate annuity of Rs.600/- p. a. payable half-yearly
for 20 years on the basis of the effective rate of 6% p. a.
Or
b. a sinking fund is set up by uniform payments made at the end of each year, to
provide a capital of Rs.3,500/- at the end of 20 years, money in the fund
accumulating at 10% p. a. What is the uniform payment required? What is the
position of the fund at the end of 8 years?
89
13. a) Fill in the blanks in a portion of life table given below:
Age in years lx dx px qx Lx Tx e0 x
4 95000 500 ? ? ? 4850300 ?
5 ? 400 ? ? ? ? ?
Or
b) Fill up the blanks in the following portion of a life table.
Age x Lx Dx qx px
10 1000000 - .00409 -
11 - - .00370 -
12 - - - .99653
13 - - - .99658
14 - - .00342 -
14. a)Express the present value of temporary assurance in term of commutation functions.
Or
b) What is the principle of insurance?
15. a) What are natural premiums?
Or
b) What are the consequences of level premium system?
Section – C (3 x 10 = 30)
16. Explain in detail, different types of Annuities.
17. A loan of Rs.7500/- is made subject to repayment by 15 level annual payments, the
first to be made at the end of 6 years. If rate of interest of 10% is to be earned, find
the level annual payment. What is the principal contained in the (i) 1st payment and (ii)
5th payment?
18. Describe the method of construction of mortality table.
19. Drive the expression for Endowment Assurance in terms of communication

functions.
20. Explain any three types of Life Assurance plans
90
B.Sc. STATISTICS
Core Elective - III SEMESTER – VI P. Code:
NUMERICAL ANALYSIS
UNIT - I:
Solution of Algebraic and transcendental equations – Method of successive
bisection – Method of Regula-Falsi – The Secant method – Newton – Raphson iterative
method.
UNIT – II:
Finite Differences: Definition and properties of Forward Difference Operator,
Backward Difference Operator and Shift Operator – Relations between them – nth
differences of polynomials – Difference Equations.
UNIT – III:
Interpolation with equal and unequal intervals: Newton – Gregory forward
Interpolation and Backward Interpolation formula for equal intervals – Lagrange
Interpolation formula for unequal intervals.
UNIT – IV:
Numerical Differentiation: Numerical Differentiation based on Newton’s Forward
and Backward Interpolation formulas – Computation of Second order derivatives
numerically.
Unit – V:
Numerical Integration: General quadrature for equidistant ordinate – Trapeziodal
rule – Simpson 1/3 and 3/8 rules- Weddle’s rule – Simple applications.
Reference Books:
1. G.Shankar Rao, Numerical Analysis (New Age International Publications)
2. S.S.Sastry,(2010),Introductory Methods of Numerical Analysis(Prentice Hall).
3. K.E. Aitkinson, An introduction to Numerical Analysis (John Wiley and sons)
4. V.Rajaraman, Computer Oriented Numerical Methods (Prentice Hall).
5. P.Scheild, (1968), Numerical Analysis (Schaum Series).
91
Core Elective -III SEMESTER - VI P. Code:
NUMERICAL ANALYSIS
Time : 3 Hours Maximum : 75 marks
Part – A (10 x 2 = 20)
1) Define polynomial of degree ‘n’ in x?

2) Define Bisection method?
3) What is meant by shift operator?
4) Write any two properties of the operators E and ∆.
5) What are the methods involving equispaced arguments in interpolation?
6) What are the assumptions of Lagrange’s interpolation technique?
7) Under what situations Newton-Gregory forward and backward formula is used?
8) Write the formula for Newton’s backward formula.
9) What is mean by Trapezoidal Rule?
10) Define the term error of approximation.
Part – B (5 x 5 = 25)
11. a) Describe the method of Regula-Falsi position to solve an equation f(x) = O
Or
b. apply Newton Raphson’s formula to find the root of x4 – x = 10 which is nearer to
x = 2.
12. a) Discuss briefly the shift operator.
Or
b)If f(x) is a rational integral (or polynomial) function of degree n in x, then prove that
nth difference of this polynomial is constant.
13. a) Show that Lagrange’s formula can be evolved by equating (n+1)th divided
difference of f(x) to zero if f (x) is a polynomial of degree n.
Or
b) Interpolate f (2) from the following data.
x :1 2 3 4 5
f(x) :7 ? 13 21 37
92
14. a) Find the first derivative of the function given below at the point x = 1.2.
x : 1 2 3 4 5
f(x) : 0 1 5 6 8
Or
b) Derive the formula for differentiation of Newton’s forward difference upto first
derivative only.
15. a) Derive the expression for Simpson’s one-third rule

Or
b) Explain the concept of general quadrature for equidistant ordinate.
Part – C (3 x 10 = 30)
16) Derive the formula for Newton-Raphson method for the solution of Algebraic
equations.
17) Find the function whose first difference is

(i. ax + b, (ii) ex, (iii) ea+bx
18) Derive the formula for Newton-Gregory Backward interpolation formula for equal
intervals.
19) Given the following pairs of values of x and y = f (x)

x : 1 2 4 8 10
y = f(x): 0 1 5 21 27
Determine numerically the first derivative at x = 4
3
20. Calculate by Simpson’s 1/3rd rule an approximate value of ∫x4 dx by taking seven
-3
equidistant ordinates.
93
B.Sc. STATISTICS
SEMESTER – VI P. Code:
SBEC - IV
QUEUEING THEORY
UNIT – I:
Queuing system – Kendal’s terminology – Classification of States - Poisson
axioms.
UNIT – II:
Distribution of arrival and departure under Poisson queues.
UNIT – III:
Pure Birth – Death process – transisent state and steady state solution
UNIT – IV:
M/M/1; ∞/FIFO queuing Model – steady state solution – Averages – Little’s
formula
UNIT – V:
M/M/1;N/FIFO queuing model – steady state solution – Averages – Simple
problems.
Reference Books:
1. Kanti Swarup, P.K.Gupta and Man Mohan (1985) : Operations Research, Sultan
2. P.K.Gupta and D.S.Hira : Operations Research .S.Chand and Co, Ltd., New Delhi.
Note: Question paper may be set irrespective of the units.
94
Core SBEC - IV SEMESTER - VI P. Code:
QUEUEING THEORY
Time : 3 Hours Maximum : 75 marks
Part – A (10 x 2 = 20)
1. Define State Space?

2. What do you mean by a queue?
3. What is non – Markovian queue?
4. Write the Poisson axioms of Markovian queue?
5. Write a note on service channel.
6. What do you mean by transient state?
7. What is the expected waiting time/unit in the queueing system?
8. Define traffic intensity.
9. What is (M/M/1) : (N/FIFO)?
10. What is Pn in (M/M/1) : (N/FIFO)?
Part – B (5 x 5 = 25 Marks)
11.(a) Explain briefly about waiting lines with examples.

(OR)
(b) Mention some applications of queueing system.
12 (a) Write a short note on Markovian queue.
(OR)
(b) Explain briefly how Poisson distribution is useful in queueing theory.
13. (a) Differentiate between steady state and transisent state.
(OR)
(b) Prove that the distribution of arrival follows Possion distribution.
14.(a) Explain (M/M/1) : (∞/FIFO).
(OR)
(b) State advantageous of Little’s formula.
95
15.(a) Find the expected number of customers in the system for (M/M/1) : (N/FIFO).
(OR)
(b) Find the value of P0 for (M/M/1) :(2/FIFO) if λ = 0.2, µ = 1.
Part – C (3 x 10 = 30)
16) Explain any three characteristics of queueing system.

17) Differentiate between Markovian and Non – Markovian queue.
18) Explain pure death process.
19) Find the probability of n customers in the system for (M/M/1) : (∞/FIFO).
20) Explain briefly about (M/M/1) : (N/FIFO).
96
B.Sc. STATISTICS
SBEC - IV
STATISTICAL PRACTICAL (SPSS)
UNIT – I:
Diagrammatic Representation of Data: Simple Bar Diagram, Multiple Bar
Diagram, Line Diagram, Multiple Line Diagram, Area Diagram, Histogram, Pie Diagram.
UNIT – II:
Descriptive Statistics: Mean - Median and Mode (Individual Series, Discrete Series
& Continuous Series) - Skewness and Kurtosis (Individual Series, Discrete Series &
Continuous Series).
UNIT – III:
Correlation and Regression: Correlation Coefficient – Rank Correlation
Coefficient – Regression Lines.
UNIT – IV:
Test of Significance: Test of Significance for Single Mean – Test of Significance
for Difference of Mean - Test of Significance for Difference of Mean (Paired Data) – Chi
– Square Test for Independent of Attributes – F – Test.
UNIT – V:
Non – Parametric Tests: Run Test – Mann Whitney U Test – Wilcoxon Signed
Rank Test – Krushkal Wallis H Test.
Note :
Total : 100 marks
(Written practical)
97
B.Sc. STATISTICS
SEMESTER – VI
Core Practical - III P. Code:
MAJOR PRACTICAL – III
Unit – I:
Simple random Sampling – Drawing sample from the population with and without
replacement – Estimation of population mean, total, variance, and its S.E. – Stratified
random Sampling : Allocation, Estimation of mean, variance of the population mean –
Variance of the estimator of mean under proportional and optimal allocations.
Unit – II:
Test of significance: Large sample - Single proportion- difference of proportions –
Single mean – difference of two means – correlation coefficient – Chi square test for
independence of attributes
Unit – III:
Test of significance: Small sample test – t test for single mean – difference of two
means – paired t test – F test for equality of two variances
Unit – IV:
Analysis of CRD, RBD and LSD - Missing plot techniques in RBD and LSD with
one missing observation
Unit – V:
Analysis of factorial experiments 22 and 2 3 using Yates Algorithm – Analysis of 32
factorial experiments
Note :
Total : 100 marks
(Written practical)
98

Core Practical -III
MAJOR PRACTICAL - III
1. Let x have a pdf of the form f (x,) = (1/) e-x/, 0 < x < ,  > 0
To test Ho :  = 2, Vs H1 :  = 1 use the random sample x1, x2 of size 2 and define

a critical region : w : {(x1, x2)} : 9.5  x1 + x2}
Find (i) Power of the test
(ii) Significance level of the test
2. The following table gives the number of good and bad parts produced by each of three
shifts in a factory:
Shift Good Bad Total

Day 900 130 1030
Evening 700 170 870
Night 400 200 600
Total 2000 500 2500
Is there any association between the shift and the quality of parts produced?
3. The sales data of an item in six shops before and after a special promotional campaign
are as under:
Shops : 1 2 3 4 5 6
Before Campaign: 53 28 31 48 50 42
After Campaign : 58 29 30 55 56 45
99
Can the campaign be judged to be a success? Test at 5% level of significance.
4. The yields of 6 varieties in 4 replicate experiments, for which one value is missing
is given below. Estimate the missing value and analyze the data
Treatments
Blocks
1 2 3 4 5 6
1 18.5 15.7 16.2 14.1 13.0 13.6
2 11.7 - 12.9 14.4 16.9 12.5
3 15.4 1.6 15.5 20.3 18.4 21.5
4 16.5 18.6 12.7 15.7 16.5 18.0
5. Analyze the following 22 factorials experiments and give your inference.
Blocks Yields
1 k P kp
I
23 25 22 38
p 1 K kp
II
40 26 36 38
1 k Kp p
III
29 20 30 20
kp k P 1
IV
34 31 24 28
100
B.Sc. STATISTICS
Core Practical - IV SEMESTER – VI P. Code:
MAJOR PRACTICAL – IV
Unit – I:
Construction of control charts for variables: X, R and S charts. Control charts for
attributes of fixed and varying sample size – p, np and C charts.
Unit – II:
Acceptance samplig plan for attributes: single sampling plan – OC, AOQ, ASN
and ATI curves; Double sampling plan – OC, AOQ, ASN and ATI curves
Unit – III:
Estimation of trend by moving averages, least square methods – First degree and
second degree polynomials - Computation of quarterly and monthly trends
Unit – IV:
Estimation of seasonal indices by simple average method - Ratio-to-trend, Ratio-

to-moving Average and link relative methods
Unit – V:
Weighted Index Numbers – Laspeyre’s – Paasche’s – Fisher’s – Marshall & Edge

worth – Dorbish & Bowley’s methods - Optimum tests of Index Numbers – Time reversal
test – Factor Reversal Test
Cost of living index Number – Family budget method – Aggregate expenditure
method
Note:
Total : 100 marks
(Written practical)
101
SEMESTER – VI
Core Practical -IV P. Code:
MAJOR PRACTICAL - IV
1. The following are the figures of defectives in 22 lot each containing 2,000 rubber
belts. Draw p-chart and comment on state of control of the process.
425, 430, 216, 341, 225, 322, 280, 306, 337, 305, 356, 402, 216, 264, 126, 409,
193, 326, 280, 389, 451, 420.
2. For the single sampling plan N = 2000, n = 100, c = 2

Obtain OC curve, AOQ curve and ATI curve. Also find AOQL.
3. Fit a straight line trend by the method of Least square. Calculate the trend values.
Year 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002
Value 23 38 50 68 100 125 140
Also estimate the value for 2005.
4. Calculate the seasonal indices for the following data by the method of Ratio-to-
moving average.
Quarter
Year
I II III IV
1998 12 15 14 16
1999 15 18 18 20
2000 20 23 25 20
2001 22 25 27 30
5. Find Fisher’s index number from the following data. Show that Fisher’s Index
satisfies i) TRT and ii) FRT.
2003 2005
Commodity
Price Quantity Price Quantity
A 3 8 5 10
B 5 12 7 15
C 12 7 15 10
D 10 13 10 15
102
SUBJECT CODES
I .CORE COURSES (Theory 9 + Elective 3 + Practical 4 = 16)

i. CORE THEORY PAPERS: 9
S.NO. TITLE SUBJECT CODE SEMESTER

1. Descriptive Statistics I
2. Probability Theory II
3. Distribution Theory III
4. Theory of Estimation III
5. Sampling Techniques IV
6. Testing of Hypothesis V
7. Statistical Quality Control V
8. Design of Experiments VI
9. Applied Statistics VI
ii. CORE ELECTIVES PAPERS: 3

1. Stochastic Processes V
2. Actuarial Statistics VI
3. Numerical Analysis VI
iii. CORE PRACTICAL PAPERS :4

Major Practical-I
1. II
(Based on core theory papers -1 & 2)
Major Practical-II
2. IV
(Based on core theory papers -3 &4)
Major Practical-III
3. VI
(Based on core theory papers -5, 6 &8)
Major Practical-IV
4. VI
103
II. ALLIED COURSES (Theory 4 + Practical 2 = 6)
i. ALLIED THEORY PAPERS: 4
SUBJECT
S.NO. TITLE SEMESTER
CODE
1. Mathematics-I I
2. Mathematics-II II
Linear Programming And Its
3. III
Applications
4. Decision Theory And Its Applications IV
ii. ALLIED PRACTICAL: 1+1

SUBJECT
S.NO. TITLE SEMESTER
CODE
1. Allied I: Mathematics Practical - 1 II
Allied II: Operations Research - 2
2. IV
(Based On Allied II: Theory Papers 1 & 2)
III. SKILL BASED ELECTIVE COURSES: 4

1. Regression Analysis III
2. Statistical Forecasting IV
3. Non – Parametric Test V
Queuing Theory
4. (OR) VI
Statistical Practical(SPSS)
VI. NON-MAJOR ELECTIVE COURSES: 2

1. Matrix Algebra III
2. Numerical Methods IV
V. VALUE EDUCATION: 1 I - SEMESTER
VI. ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES: 1 II- SEMESTER
VII. EXTENSION ACTIVITIES: 1 VI – SEMESTER
104
ALLIED STATISTICS
FOR B.Sc., (MATHS)/ B.Sc., (MATHS) C.A. P. Code:
SEMESTER I or III: Allied I or II
Paper I: Mathematical Statistics
UNIT - I::
Random Variable – Discrete and Continuous – Distribution Functions – Marginal

and Conditional Distributions (Simple Problems).
Unit – II:
Mathematical Expectation – Moment Generating Function and Characteristic

Function (Concept only) – Tchebychev’s Inequality (Simple problems).
Discrete Distributions: Binomial, Poisson Distributions – Derivations, Properties
and Applications – Simple Problems.
Unit – III:
Continuous Distribution - Normal Distribution - Derivations, Properties and

Applications – Simple Problems.
Exact Sampling Distributions- t, F and χ2 distribution (Concepts only).
Unit – IV:
Correlation and Regression: Karl – Pearson Correlation Coefficient and Spearman

Rank Correlation Coefficient – Regression lines and Regression Coefficients – Properties.
Unit – V:
Curve fitting – Method of Least Squares – Fitting of First Degree and Second
Degree Polynomials, Fitting of Power Curve and Exponential Curve – Simple Problems.
Reference Books:
1. Gupta. S. C. And Kapoor. V. K (2004) – Fundamentals of Mathematical Statistics

– (11th edition), Sultan Chand & Sons, New Delhi.
2. Sancheti. D. C. And Kapoor. V. K (2005), Statistics (7th Edition), Sultan Chand &
Sons, New Delhi.
105
ALLIED STATISTICS
P. Code:
FOR B.Sc., (MATHS) / B.Sc., (MATHS) C.A.
SEMESTER II or IV: Allied I or II
Paper II: Inferential Statistics
Unit – I:
Population and Sample; Parameter and Statistic – Point and Interval Estimation –
Consistency, Unbiasedness, Efficiency (Cramer – Rao Inequality) and Sufficiency (Rao –
Blackwell Theorem)
Unit – II:
Method of Estimation – Maximum Likelihood and Methods of Moments –

properties of these estimators – Interval Estimation (Concept only)
Unit – III:
Testing of Hypothesis – Concept of Statistical Hypothesis – Simple and Composite

hypothesis – Null and alternative Hypothesis – Critical Region – Type I and Type II Errors
– Power of a Test – Neyman-Pearson Lemma.
Unit – IV:
Test of Significance – Sampling distribution – Standard Error – Large Sample

Tests with regard to Mean, Difference of Means, Proportions and Difference of
Proportions – Simple Problems.
Unit – V:
Test of Significance – Exact sample test based on t and F distributions with regard
to Means, Variance and Correlation Coefficient – Chi-square tests for single Variance,
Goodness of fit and Independence of attributes.
Reference Books:
1. Gupta. S. C. And Kapoor. V. K (2004) – Fundamentals of Mathematical Statistics

– (11th edition), Sultan Chand & Sons, New Delhi.
2. Sancheti. D. C. And Kapoor. V. K, Statistics (7th Edition), Sultan Chand & Sons,
New Delhi.
106
ALLIED STATISTICS PRACTICAL P. Code:
FOR B.Sc., (MATHS) / B.Sc., (MATHS) C.A.
SEMESTER I & II or III & IV
(Based on Allied Statistics Theory Paper I & II)
Unit – I:
Computation of Measures of Location and Dispersion (absolute and relative) Co-

efficient of Skewness.
Unit – II:
Fitting of Binomial, Poisson and Normal Distribution – Testing the Goodness of

fit.
Unit – III:
Curve fitting – Fitting of a Straight Line (Y=a+bx), Second Degree Parabola

Y=a+bx+cx2, Y=aebx, y=ab x and y=axb
Unit – IV:
Computation of Correlation Co-efficient – Rank Correlation Coefficient –

Regression Lines.
Unit – V:
Asymptotic and exact tests with regard to Mean, Variance, difference between
means and Paired‘t’ Test – Tests for Independence of attributes.
Note:
Total: 100 marks
* University Examination : 60 Marks
(Written practical)
*Continuous Internal Assessment : 40 Marks
 5 questions are to be set without omitting any unit. All questions carry equal
marks. Any 3 questions are to be answered in 3 hours duration.
107
ALLIED STATISTICS
FOR B. Sc (Computer Science) P. Code:
(Common to B.Sc (Information Science) and B.C.A)
SEMESTER I or III: Allied Statistics
Paper - I: Statistical methods
Unit – I:
Nature and scope of statistical methods – Limitations – types of data –

Classification and Tabulation of data – Diagrammatic and Graphical representation of
data.
Unit – II:
Formation of frequency distribution – Measures of Central Tendency – Mean,

Median, and Mode – Merits and demerits.
Unit – III:
Measures of dispersion – Range, Quartile Deviation, Mean Deviation, Standard

deviation – Co-efficient of variation.
Unit – IV:
Correlation – Scatter diagram – Karl Pearson’s Co-efficient of Correlation –

Spearman’s rank correlation – Regression equations of two variables – Simple Problems.
Unit – V:
Sampling – Merits and Demerits of Sampling – Simple, Stratified and systematic

sampling methods (Concept only) – Concept of Sampling and non-Sampling errors.
Reference Books:
1. Gupta. S. P. (2001), Statistical methods, Sultan Chand & Sons, New Delhi.
2. Pillai. R. S. N. And Bagavathi. V. (2005), Statistics, S. Chand & Company Ltd.,
New Delhi.
108
ALLIED STATISTICS
P. Code:
FOR B. Sc (Computer Science)
SEMESTER II or IV: Allied Statistics
Paper - II: Applied Statistics
Unit – I:
Random Variable – Discrete and Continuous – Distribution Functions and density

function – Mathematical Expectation and its properties.
Unit – II:
Binomial, Poisson distributions – Mean and Variance – Recurrence – Formula –

Simple problems – Fitting of Binomial and Poisson Distributions.
Unit – III:
Normal distribution (Definition, Simple problems only) – Curve fitting – Method

of least squares – fitting of Straight line and parabola – Simple problems.
Unit – IV:
Sampling distribution and Standard error (Concept only) – Test of Significance:

Large sample tests for mean, difference of Means, Proportion and difference of
Proportions – Simple problems.
Unit – V:
Chi – Square test – Assumptions, Characteristics and its applications – Chi-Square

tests for goodness of fit and independence of attributes – Simple problems.
Reference Books:
2. Pillai. R. S. N. And Bagavathi. V. (2005), Statistics, S. Chand & Company Ltd.,
New Delhi.
109
ALLIED STATISTICS PRACTICAL
FOR B. Sc (Computer Science) P. Code:
Unit – I:
Construction of uni - variate frequency distribution – Diagrammatic and Graphical

representation of Statistical data.
Unit – II:
Computation of measures of Central Tendency – Calculation of measures of

Dispersion – Coefficient of variation.
Unit – III:
Fitting of Y=a+bX, Y=a+bX+cX2 by the methods of least squares.
Unit – IV:
Fitting of Binomial, Poisson distribution – Test for goodness of fit using Chi-
Square test.
Unit – V:
Computation of correlation co-efficient and Rank correlation – Regression

equation (2 Variables Only)
Note:
Total: 100 marks
*University Examination : 60 Marks

(Written practical)
110
ALLIED STATISTICS
P. Code:
FOR B. Sc (GEOGRAPHY)
SEMESTER I or III: Allied Statistics
Paper - I: Statistical Methods
UNIT – I:
Nature and scope of Statistical methods – Limitations – types of data –
Classification and Tabulation of data – Diagrammatic and Graphic representation of data
UNIT – II:
Formation of frequency distribution – Measures of central Tendency – Mean,
Median, and Mode – Merits and demerits.
UNIT – III:
Measures of dispersion – Range, Quartile Deviation, Mean Deviation, Standard

deviation – Co-efficient of variation
UNIT – IV:
Correlation – Scatter diagram – Karl Pearson’s Co-efficient of Correlation –
Spearman’s rank correlation – Regression equations of two variables – Simple Problems.
UNIT – V:
Sampling – Merits and Demerits of Sampling – Simple, Stratified and Systematic
sampling methods (Concept Only) – Concept of Sampling and non – Sampling errors
Reference Books:
1) Gupta.S.P.(2001), Statistical methods, Sultan Chand & Sons, New Delhi.

2) Pillai.R.S.N. And Bagavathi.V. (2005), Statistics, S.Chand & Company Ltd., New
Delhi.
111
ALLIED STATISTICS
P. Code:
SEMESTER II or IV: Allied Statistics
PAPER II: Applied Statistics
UNIT – I:
Probability; Definition – Addition and Multiplication theorems – Conditional

Probability – (Simple Problem only)
UNIT – II:
Sampling distribution and Standard error (Concept Only) – Test of Significance:

Large sample tests for mean, difference of Means, Proportion and difference of
Proportions – Simple problems.
UNIT – III:
Chi – Square test – Assumptions, Characteristics and applications – Chi – Square

tests for goodness of fit and independence of attributes – Simple problems. Fitting of
Straight line and parabola – Simple problems
UNIT – IV:
Analysis of variance (ANOVA) – concepts and examples – explanation.

ANOVA for one way and two way classifications – Procedures and simple
problems.
Unit-V:
Analysis of Time Series – Definition – Components and uses of Time Series,

Measures of Secular trend, Measure of Seasonal Variation - Method of simple average
only
Reference Books:
1) Gupta.S.P. (2001), Statistical methods, Sultan Chand & Sons, New Delhi.
2) Pillai.R.S.N. and Bagavathi.V. (2005), Statistics, S.Chand & Company Ltd., New
Delhi.
3) Gupta.S.C.Kapoor.V.K. (2007), Fundamentals of Applied Statistics, Sultan Chand &

Sons, New Delhi.
112
ALLIED STATISTICS PRACTICAL P. Code:
Unit – I:
Construction of uni - variate frequency distribution – Diagrammatic and Graphical

representation of Statistical data.
Unit – II:
Computation of measures of Central Tendency – Calculation of measures of

Dispersion – Coefficient of variation.
Unit – III:
Fitting of Y=a+bX, Y=a+bX+cX2 by the methods of least squares.
Unit – IV:
Fitting of Binomial, Poisson distribution – Tests for goodness of fit using Chi-
Square test.
Unit – V:
Computation of correlation co-efficient and Rank correlation – Regression

equation (2 Variables Only)
Note:
Total: 100 marks
*University Examination : 60 Marks

(Written practical)
113
ALLIED STATISTICS
P. Code:
FOR B. Sc (MICROBIOLOGY)
(Common to B.Sc (Bio – Chemistry) and B.Sc (Bio – technology))
SEMESTER III: Allied Statistics
Paper - I: Bio - Statistics
Unit – I:
Biostatistics – definition – types of data – Primary and Secondary data – Methods
of Collection of data – Sources of data in life science – Limitation and uses of statistics.
Unit – II:
Classification and Tabulation of data – Diagrammatic and Graphic representation
of data.
Unit – III:
Measures of Central Tendency: Mean, Median, Mode, Geometric Mean and
Harmonic Mean – Merits and Demerits.
Measures of dispersion: Range, Standard deviation, Mean deviation, Quartile

deviation, – Merits and Demerits, Coefficient of variations.
Unit – IV:
Correlation: Types and Methods of Correlation , Rank – Correlation. Regression :
Simple regression equation – fitting of regression equation.
Unit – V:
Sampling distribution - Standard error – Test of Hypothesis: Simple Hypothesis ,
Null hypothesis – Test of Significance: Large sample tests with regard to Mean,
Differences of Means, Proportions and difference of Proportions - Small Sample Test with
regard to Mean, Difference of Means and Variances – Chi – square test.
Reference Books :
1. P.S.S. Sundar Rao, J.Richard (2012). An introduction to Biostatistics and Research

methodology. Fifth Edition, Prentice Hall of India Learnin Pvt Ltd, New Delhi. Price
Rs.275/-
2. Gurumani. N (2005). An introduction to Biostatistics. 2nd Revised Edition, MJP
Publishers, Chennai. Price Rs.160/-
3. Daniel WW,(1987). Biostatistics, John Wiley and Sons, New York.
4. Dr. Pranab Kumar Banarjee. An Introduction to Biostatistics (2011), S.Chand and
Company Ltd, Ram Nagar, New Delhi. Price Rs.175/-
5. A. Indrayan, L. Sathyanarayana (2006). Biostatistics for Medical, Nursing and
Pharmacy students. Prentice Hall of India Pvt Ltd, New Delhi.
Note :
1) This paper has to taught teacher and exam papers to be valued by only Statistics
Board.
114
2) While setting the question paper, 50% theory and 50% problems to be
considered.
ALLIED STATISTICS
FOR B. Com P. Code:
(Common to B.Com (C.A), B.Com (C.S) and B.Com (Co – operation))
Paper - I: Business Statistical Methods
Unit – I :
Introduction – Types of data – Classification and Tabulation of Statistical data –

Central Tendency – Measure of Central Tendency – Mean, Median, Mode, Harmonic
Mean and Geometric Mean, Combined Mean.
Unit – II :
Dispersion: Measures of Dispersion – Range – Quartile deviation – Mean

Deviation – Standard Deviation and their coefficient. Skewness: Measure of Skewness –
Karl Pearson and Bowley’s Coefficient of skewness.
Unit – III :
Correlation – Types of Correlation – Measures of Correlation – Karl Pearson’s Co

– efficient of Correlation – Spearman Rank Correlation Co – efficient.
Simple regression analysis – Fitting of Regression lines.
Unit – IV :
Index Number – Definition and Uses of Index Numbers , Construction of Index

numbers – Simple & Weighted Index numbers – test for an Ideal index Number – Chain
and Fixed base index – Cost of living index numbers.
Unit – V :
Analysis of Time Series – Definition – Components and Uses of Time Series.

Measures of Secular trend, Measure of Seasonal Variation – Method of Simple average
only.
Text Books:
1. Business Mathematics and Statistics – P.A. Navanithan (2007) Jai Publishers, Trichy
– 21.
Reference Books :
1. Statistical Methods – S.P.Gupta
2. Statistics – D.C.Sanchati and V.K.Kapoor.
3.Elements of Statistics – Donald R.Byrkt.
4. Statistical Theory and Practice – Pillai. R.S.N Bagavathi. V (2001) S. Chand &
Company Ltd. 2009
Note :
115
1) Problems : 80% & Theory : 20%
2) This paper has to be taught by a statistics teacher. This paper has to be referred to
Statistics board for valuation.
ALLIED STATISTICS
FOR B. Com P. Code:
(Common to B.Com (C.A), B.Com (C.S) and B.Com (Co – operation))
SEMESTER IV: Allied Statistics
Paper - II: Business Statistical Decision Techniques
Unit – I:
Matrix: Definitions – Operations on Matrix – Determinant of Matrix. Inverse of a
Matrix (Ad - joint Method only)
Application: Solving of Linear equations – Matrix inverse Method; Cramer’s Rule.
Unit – II:
Sequence and Series – Arithmetic Progression and Geometric Progression
Interpolation: Binomial Expansion Method; Newton’s Forward and Backward Method,
Lagrange’s Method.
Unit – III:
Probability: Definition – Addition and Multiplication theorems – Conditional

Probability – (Simple Problem Only)
Unit – IV:
Linear Programming – Formation of LPP. Solution to LPP – Graphical method,

Simplex method, Big – M- Method
Unit – V:
Transportation Problem – North West Corner method – least cost method –

Vogel’s Approximation method – Assignment Problem – Balanced Hungarian Assignment
method.
Text Book :
1. Business Mathematics and Statistics – P.A. Navanithan (2007) Jai Publishers,
Trichy – 21.
Reference Books :
1. Dr.S.P. Gupta ; Dr.P.A.Gupta; Dr.Manmohan – Business Statistics and Operation

Research
2.M.R.Vittal – Business Mathematics.
Note :
116
ALLIED STATISTICS
P. Code:
FOR B.A (ECONOMICS)
Paper - I: Statistical Methods for Economics
Unit – I:
Nature and scope of statistical methods and their Limitations – types of data –
Primary data and Secondary data – Methods of Collection of Data - Classification and
Tabulation of data.
Unit – II:
Diagrammatic representation – Simple, Multiple and Component - Percentage bar

diagrams – Pie diagrams.
Unit – III:
Formation of frequency distribution – Graphical Representation – Histogram –

Frequency polygon and frequency curve – O’ gives curve – Lorenz Curve.
Unit – IV:
Measures of Central Tendency –Arithmetic Mean, Median, and Mode – Harmonic

Mean – Geometric Mean, Weighted arithmetic mean and their uses in Economics.
Unit – V:
Dispersion – Absolute and relative – Measures of Dispersion – Range – Quartile

Deviation – Mean Deviation and Standard Deviation.
Reference Books:
2. V.K, Kapoor and Gupta (1978) Applied Statistics. S.Chand, Chennai.
3. A.L. Nayar and Das – Statistics
4. M.R.Vittal - Statistics
Note :

117
ALLIED STATISTICS
P. Code:
FOR B.A (ECONOMICS)
Paper - II: Applied Statistics for Economics
Unit – I:
Correlation – Definition – Types of Correlation – Measures of Correlation –

Scatter Diagram – Simple Correlation Coefficient - Karl Pearson Correlation Co –
efficient - Rank Correlation Co - efficient and their interpretation.
Unit – II:
Regression – Regression Lines – Types of Regression lines – Fitting of Regression

lines – Uses in Economics
Unit – III:
Time Series analysis – Definition – uses – Components of Time series – Measures

of trend – Graphic method – Semi – average method – Moving average method – Least
Square method – Measure of Seasonal Variation – Simple average method.
Unit – IV:
Index numbers – Definition – Uses of index numbers – Types of Index numbers –

Methods of construction – Simple index number and weighted index numbers – test for an
Ideal index number – Consumer index number.
Unit – V:
Basic sampling methods – Simple random sampling – Systematic Sampling,

Stratified random sampling, Quota Sampling, Purposive Sampling.
Reference Books:
2. V.K, Kapoor and Gupta (1978) Applied Statistics. S.Chand, Chennai.
3. A.L. Nayar and Das – Statistics
4. M.R.Vittal - Statistics
Note :

2) This paper has to be taught by a statistics teacher. This paper has to be referred
to Statistics board for valuation.
118
ALLIED STATISTICS
FOR B.B.A P. Code:
SEMESTER I : Allied Statistics
Paper: I Business Mathematics and Statistics - I
Unit – I:
Series: Sequence – Series – Arithmetic Progression – Geometric Progression –

Harmonic Progression (Simple Problems)
Unit – II:
Matrices – Definition – types of matrices – Operations on Matrix – Determinant of

Matrix. Inverse of a Matrix (Ad-joint Method only) – Application: Solving of Linear
Equations - Matrix inverse Method; Cramer’s rule.
Unit – III:
Descriptive Statistics: meaning and definition of statistics – scope and limitations-

source and collection of data – classification and tabulation.
Unit – IV:
Diagrams and graphs – Measures of central tendency – Mean – Median – Mode –

Geometric – Harmonic Mean –combined mean.
Unit – V:
Dispersion – Absolute and relative. Measures of dispersion – Range – Quartile

deviation, Mean Deviation and Standard Deviation – Lorenz Curve.
Note:
2) This paper has to be taught by a statistics teacher. This paper has to be
referred to Statistics board for valuation.
Text Books:
1. S.P.Gupta. Statistical Methods – Sultan Chand.
2. M.R.Vittal, Business Mathematics and Statistics, Margham Publications.
Reference Books:
1. Staffrod , Business Mathematics – Tata Mc Graw Hill.
2. Sundharsan , AN introduction to Business Mathematics, Sultan Chand & Company.
3. Pillai R.S..N & Mrs. Bagavathi, Statistics – Sultan Chand & Company.
4. Dr. P.R. Vittal, Business Mathematics and Statisitcs – Tata Mc Graw Hill.
5. Sharma , Business Statistics – Margham Publications.
6. Dr.S.P Gupta & Dr. M.P. Gupta, Business Statistics, Sultan & Chand Sons.
7. R.S.N. Pillai & V. Bagavathi, Statistics , S.Chand.
119
ALLIED STATISTICS
FOR B.B.A
(For the candidates admitted from 2017 – 2018 onwards) P. Code:
SEMESTER II : Allied Statistics
Paper - II: Business Mathematics and Statistics - II
Unit – I:
Mathematics of finance: Simple and Compound interest – annuity – present value

of annuity – sinking fund – percentages – discounts.
Unit – II:
Basics of Calculus – limits – rules of differentiation – maxima and minima (for

single variable only) – Simple application problems in maxima and minima
Unit –III:
Simple correlation – Scatter diagram – Karl Pearson’s coefficient of Correlation –

Rank Correlation Coefficient – Regression Lines – fitting of Regression Lines.
UNIT - IV:
Time Series Analysis – Components of time series – Measures of trend – free hand
curve – semi and moving averages – methods of least squares – measures of seasonal
variation – simple average method.
Unit –V:
Index numbers – definition – Construction of index numbers – Unweighted and

Weighted Index numbers – fixed and chain base index numbers – test for an Ideal index
numbers – cost of living index numbers.
Note :
2) This paper has to be taught by a statistics teacher. This paper has to be referred
to Statistics board for valuation.
Text Books :
1. Navaneetham P, Business Mathematics, Jai Publications.
Reference Books:
1. Dharmapadam, Business Mathematics, S.Viswanathan Publications.
2. Dr.S.P Gupta & Dr.M.P. Gupta, Business Statistics, Sultan & Chand Sons.
3. Sundharsan, AN introduction to Business Mathematics, Sultan Chand & Company.
4. Pillai R.S..N & Mrs.Bagavathi, Statistics – Sultan Chand & Company.
5. Dr. P.R. Vittal, Business Mathematics and Statistics – Tata Mc Graw Hill.
120
ALLIED STATISTICS
FOR B.B.A (C.A)
Paper - I: Quantitative Techniques - I
Unit – I:
Matrix Algebra – Definition – Types of Matrices – Matrix Operations –

Determinants – Inverse of Matrix – Simultaneous linear Equations ( 3 3 order only )
Unit – II:
Mathematics of Finance – Simple Interest – Compound Interest – Annuities –

Profits and Loss – Discount on bills.
Unit –III:
Statistics: Introduction – Definition – Limitations. Collection of data –
Classification and Tabulation – Diagrammatic and graphical representation of data –
Measures of Central Tendency – Mean – Median – Mode – Geometric Mean – Harmonic
Mean
UNIT - IV:
Measures of Dispersion – Range – Quartile deviation – Mean Deviation – Standard
Deviation – Co – Efficient of Variation – Time Series – Components of time series.
Unit –V:
Correlation – Meaning – Various types of correlation – Scatter diagram – Karl
Pearson’s coefficient of Correlation – Rank Correlation Coefficient – Regression Lines –
Regression Co - efficient.
Note :
Questions in Theory & Problems carry : 30% & 70% of Marks respectively.
Text Books :
Dr. P.R. Vittal, Business Mathematics and Statistics – Margham Publications.
Reference Books:
1. Dr.S.P Gupta & Dr.M.P. Gupta, Business Statistics, Sultan & Chand Sons.
2. Pillai R.S..N & Mrs.Bagavathi, Statistics – Sultan Chand & Company.
121
ALLIED STATISTICS
FOR B.B.A (C.A)
Paper - II: Quantitative Techniques - II
Unit – I:
Introduction to Operation Research – Meaning – Nature – Definition –
Characteristics – Phases of OR – OR in Management – OR in Decision making –
Limitations.
Unit – II:
Linear programming – Introduction, Definition – Formation of LPP – Graphical
Method of Solution – Simplex Method (Simple Problem Only)
Unit – III:
Transportation Problem – Finding an Initial Basic feasible solutions – North –
West Corner rule – Maximin/ Minimax Method – Vogel’s Approximation Method –
Finding the optimum Solution – MODI Method. Assignment Problems – Hungarian
Method – Maximization case in A.P. – Unbalanced.
Unit – IV:
Game Theory – Introduction – Basic terminology – Solution of Pure Strategy
games –Principle of Dominance – Solution of mixed Strategy problems – Limitations.
Unit – V:
Network analysis – Construction of the Network – Time and Critical Path
Calculations – CPM and PERT application.
Note :
Questions in Theory & Problems carry: 30% & 70% of Marks respectively
Text Books :
V.K. Kapoor, Operations Research, Sultan chand & Sons.
Reference Books:
1. Premkumar Gupta, DS Hira, Operations Research
2. S. Kalavathy, Operation Research, Vikas Publishing House.
3. P.R. Vittal, Introduction to Operations Research, Margham Publications.
4. R. Pannerselvam, Operation Research, PHI.
122
123

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PERIYAR UNIVERSITY

SALEM – 636 011

The main objectives of the course is

Candidates for the admission to the Degree of Bachelor of Science in Statistics

3. DURATION OF THE COURSE

Hrs/ Marks Remarks

*Examination at the end of second

II English English I 6 3 25 75 100

I Tamil Tamil II 6 3 25 75 100

CIA – Continuous Internal Assessment; UE – University Examination

I Tamil Tamil III 6 3 25 75 100

**Examination at the end of fourth

II English English IV 6 3 25 75 100

CIA – Continuous Internal Assessment; UE – University Examination

*** Examination at the end of sixth semester

# There is No Examination for Extension Activities

7.1. Question Paper Pattern for Core/Allied/Elective/SBEC Papers (Theory):

7.2 Evaluation of Continuous Internal Assessment (CIA)

(Including Practical Record)Total - 100 marks

Evaluation of Continuous Internal Assessment (CIA)

The CIA of each practical paper includes evaluation of record. However

Maximum marks Passing minimum

All other successful candidates shall be declared to have passed in the

9.2 Minimum Credits to be earned: 140 Credits

9.3 Marks and Grades:

Range of Marks Grade Points Letter Grade Description

Sum of the multiplication of grade points by the credits of the courses

GRADE POINT AVERAGE [GPA] = ∑i Ci Gi / ∑ i Ci

For the entire programme:

CUMULATIVE GRADE POINT AVERAGE [CGPA] = ∑ n ∑i Cni Gni / ∑ n ∑i Cni

10. MAXIMUM DURATION FOR THE COMPLETION OF THE UG

12. TRANSITARY PROVISION

1. CORE COURSES: (Theory 9 + Elective 3 + Practical 4): 16

ii). CORE ELECTIVES: 3

(iii) CORE PRACTICAL: 4

(ii). ALLIED PRACTICALS: 2

III. SKILLS BASED ELECTIVE COURSES: 4

IV. NON MAJOR ELECTIVE COURSES: 2

VI. ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES: 1

I Tamil Tamil I 6 3 25 75 100

*Examination at the end of second

Core Theory Descriptive

IV Value education (Yoga) 2 2 25 75 100

11. (a) Distinguish between primary data and secondary data.

12. (a) Explain the four types of classification.

13. (a) List the properties of a good average.

Time: 5 Hrs/Week Max Marks :75

Title Of The Year Of

I Tamil Tamil II 6 3 25 75 100

II English English II 6 3 25 75 100

Core Theory Probability

Core Practical I Major Practical I 3 4 40 60 100

IV Environmental studies 2 2 25 75 100

1. S.C.Gupta and V.K. Kapoor (2007). Fundamentals of Mathematical Statistics,

1. What is a random experiment?

11. (a) What are the axioms of probability?

14. (a) State the Inversion theorem on characteristic function.

16. State and prove Baye’s theorem on probability.

1. Construct a frequency distribution of the marks obtained by 50 students in

3. Calculate the co-efficient of rank correlation from the following data:

4. Solve the following equations by matrix inverse method

Title Of The Year Of