Effect of Media: Group Members: Jason F. Wijaya, Theresa, Kartikaningtyas Kelas: LC66

Group Members: Jason F.
Wijaya, Theresa, Kartikaningtyas

Kelas: LC66
Effect of Media
On September 11, 2001, American was shocked by the attack of 19 militants
associated with al-Qaeda, an Islamic extremist group. They hijacked four airplanes to
execute suicide attacks in the United States. They targeted two of their planes onto the twin
towers of the World Trade Center in New York City, a third plane hit the Pentagon, and
the fourth plane crashed in a field in Pennsylvania. Approximately 3,000 people were killed
during the 9/11 terrorist attacks, which triggered major U.S. initiatives to battle terrorism
and defined the presidency of George W. Bush 1. He gave a statement on his speech:
“America and our friends and allies join with all those who want peace and security in the
world and we stand together to win the war against terrorism2” (Bush, 2001)
This tragedy caused panic and terror among American people. They feel insecure and
suffer from the loss of the people they loved. The 43rd President of U.S., George W. Bush, ensure
the American people that U.S. Government have committed to fight the terrorist and bring peace
and safety to American people.
CNN effect - Citizens shocked by dramatic, real-time television images of suffering and
hardship, may demand that their leaders “do something” to alleviate the problem, thereby
pressuring politicians to act in circumstances where they otherwise would not. The public opinion
influenced the government decision-making, especially President George W. Bush, which the
mass media itself have created the public opinion regarding 9/11 tragedy. The mass media use
framing strategy which focuses attention on the certain events and then place them within a field
of perception especially on 9/11 tragedy that influenced by the news and this also created a public
opinion (The White House, 2001-2009). Recent research on framing effects addresses the
heterogeneity of public opinion in great detail.3
A majority of public sees it is as a key lesson of 9/11 that the U.S. needs to work more
closely with other countries, and this majority has grown considerable since 2002, when the 9/11
attacks were still very recent. Responded were asked, “what do you think is the more important
lesson of September 11th? Majority of public think the United States need to act on its own more
to fight terrorism, or the United States need to work more closely with other countries to fight
terrorism”. Also, two thirds think that killing bin Laden has weakened al Qaeda, but only one third
thinks it has made al Qaeda significantly weaker.
1
History. (2018, December 12). 9/11 Attacks. Retrieved from History.com: https://www.history.com/topics/21st-
century/9-11-attacks
2
CNN. (2001, September 11). Text of Bush's Address. Retrieved from CNN.com:
http://edition.cnn.com/2001/US/09/11/bush.speech.text/
3
Baum, M. A., & Potter, P. A. (2008). The Relation Between Mass Media, Public Opinion, and Foreign Policy :
Toward Theoretical Synthesis. Annu. Rev. Polit. Sci. Vol. 11, 39-65.
George W. Bush administration have made several agenda for the U.S. foreign policy in
order to fight the terrorist which the decision-making itself have been influence by media and
public opinion, that are:
1. Invigorated International Alliances and Partnerships to Make America Safer and More
Secure
a. Partnered with nations in Europe, the Middle East, Asia, Africa, and the Western
Hemisphere on the intelligence sharing and law enforcement coordination to break
up terrorist networks and bring terrorists to justice.
b. Transformed NATO to face 21st century threats, including strengthening the
Alliance’s capabilities against WMD and cyber-attacks, while leading the
international military effort in Afghanistan.
2. Waged the Global War on Terror
a. Removed the Taliban from power and brought freedom to the 25 million people of
Afghanistan
b. Freed 25 million Iraqis from the rule of Saddam Hussein, a dictator who murdered
his own people, invaded his neighbors, and repeatedly defied United Nations
resolutions.
c. Captured or killed hundreds of Al Qaeda leaders and operatives in more than two
dozen countries with the help of partner nations. September 11 mastermind Khalid
Sheikh Mohammed is in U.S. custody and Abu Musab al-Zarqawi, the former
leader of al-Qaeda in Iraq, was killed in 2006. Removed al-Qaeda’s safe-haven in
Afghanistan and crippled al Qaeda in Iraq, including defeating al Qaeda in its
former stronghold of Anbar Province.
References
Baum, M. A., & Potter, P. A. (2008). The Relation Between Mass Media, Public Opinion, and
Foreign Policy : Toward Theoretical Synthesis. Annu. Rev. Polit. Sci. Vol. 11, 39-65.
CNN. (2001, September 11). Text of Bush's Address. Retrieved from CNN.com:
http://edition.cnn.com/2001/US/09/11/bush.speech.text/
History. (2018, December 12). 9/11 Attacks. Retrieved from History.com:
https://www.history.com/topics/21st-century/9-11-attacks
Telhami, S., Kull, S., Ramsay, C., Lewis, E., & Subias, S. (2011). The American Public on the
9/11 Decade. Knowledge Networks.
The White House. (2001-2009). Policies of Bush Administration. Washington D.C. : White
House Office of Communications.

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