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Design and Structural Analysis of 3 Axis CNC Milling Machine Table
Design and Structural Analysis of 3 Axis CNC Milling Machine Table
Volume 3 Issue 6, October 2019 Available Online: www.ijtsrd.com e-ISSN: 2456 – 6470
@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD29197 | Volume – 3 | Issue – 6 | September - October 2019 Page 943
International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
Aleksandar Košarac et. al analysed dynamics characteristics gantry machine design is investigated via modal and static
of machine tools, especially modal parameters, have structural analysis using ANSYS software. The gantry’s
significant effect on the cutting procedure and cutting natural frequency was designed to be 202 Hz in the first
precision. Dynamic behaviour and purpose of modal vibration mode, making the machine capable of working at
parameter are shown for horizontal milling centres. For this higher speeds of up to 11530 rpm, which is appropriate not
purposes 3D CAD model of horizontal milling centre has only for rough cutting but also for finishing.
been created using CATIA software, and modal analysis
(natural frequencies and mode shapes of the machine tool The final design of the new CNC gantry machine is updated
structure) has been conducted by ANSYS Workbench and according to the obtained results. The increase in natural
APDL. Results gained by FEM modal analysis are validate by frequency during gantry design modification affects
experimental modal analysis. Modal parameters obtained complexity, increasing the weight and manufacturing cost of
experimentally and by FEM are compared, and results shows the gantry. As such, five different gantry designs are selected
satisfactory matching. for comparison. Four parameters, i.e., the first four natural
frequencies, total deformation due to mechanical forces,
Sagar Pandit Mahajan studied, the conventional structural weight and manufacturing cost are measured performance
materials used in precision machine tools such as cast iron indices. One is selected among five designs mathematically
and steel at high operating speeds develop positional errors and improved by MOGA (multi-objective genetic algorithm)
due to the vibrations transferred into the structure. Faster in ANSYS software. In the optimization process, the gantry’s
cutting speeds can be developed only by structure which has natural frequency is maximized, thus minimizing the total
high stiffness and good restraining characteristics. In this gantry weight and deformation against mechanical forces.
work, a machine bed is selected for the analysis static loads. CNC gantry machine documents for manufacturing are
Then investigation is carried out to decrease the weight of equipped, followed by modelling, casting, machining and
the machine bed without weakening its structural rigidity. assembly. To estimate and confirm the design and analysis,
The 3D CAD model of the bed has been created by using 3D an investigational modal test is performed. The tentative
modelling software and analyses were carried out using results show less than 11% error between the dynamic
ANSYS Workbench. analysis and investigational test.
Pratik Bhambhatt et. al studied by using practical data of III. Material and Method
CNC Router structure, equipped 3D CAD model for Finite
Element Analysis in Solid Works 2015. From analysis result
find value of von mises stress, strain and displacement
(deflection) for optimize structure in strength and cost.
Sriranga V Deshpande et. al presented the design and
fabrication of 3-axis milling machine. To produce pulse-
width modulation (PWM) outputs in order to run the stepper
motors that will be used in this work, Computer numerically-
controlled (CNC) machine will be comprised the use of
Arduino micro controller. A three-axis CNC milling was
formerly used exactly surfaced designed for snapping of
wood, plastic sheet and thin sheet of metal alloy by using a
rotating drill bit which its accuracy was much lesser than
using a lesser cutter technique this machine tool was
transportable and it’s controlled by the personal computer.
Design and Construction of CNC with precision Stepper
motors that contacted with the lead screw moment along
three-axis.
@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD29197 | Volume – 3 | Issue – 6 | September - October 2019 Page 944
International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
design necessities and service conditions. Most commonly A 3D model of the CNC machine bed, its supporting rib and a
used material for machine tool structure is cast iron and workpiece for real time analysis was created in SolidWorks
steel. 2017 of the dimensions:
Steel
Steel is very widely used for machine components as it can
be manufactured and processed into a number of different
specifications each of which has a definite use. Two
properties of steel apart from strength are of special
significance in selection of proper grade of steel. First, the
maximum hardness that can be attained and second, the
harden ability which regulates the depth of hardened zone.
Fig.3 Mesh of a Milling Machine
V. Design Consideration
@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD29197 | Volume – 3 | Issue – 6 | September - October 2019 Page 945
International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
Fig. 6 Elastic Strain of a Milling Machine Fig. 10 Equivalent Stress of a Milling Machine
Fig. 7 Maximum principle stress of a Milling Machine Fig. 11 Elastic Strain of a Milling Machine
Secondly, the design model is imported from SolidWorks to
ANSYS 17. Mesh size is 5mm and node points and element
size are 4264150 & 2798383 respectively. Material is
Structural Steel (ANSI 304). Display style is orthogonal
quality and the 3D view of mesh, Total Deformation,
Equivalent Stress, Equivalent Strain and Maximum Principal
Stress are as follow:
@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD29197 | Volume – 3 | Issue – 6 | September - October 2019 Page 946
International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
Fig. 14 Total Deformation of a Milling Machine Fig. 16 Elastic Strain of a Milling Machine
Fig. 15 Equivalent Stress of a Milling Machine Fig. 17 Maximum principle stress of a Milling Machine
VII. Conclusion
From the above tables and figures, the results are shown. As colleges, U Than Zaw Oo and U Aung Myo San Hlaing,
a result, Total Deformation of Grey Cast Iron is less than Lecturers, Department of Mechanical Engineering,
ANSI 1045 Steel but it is greater than ANSI 304 (Mild Steel).
Equivalent Stress, Elastic Strain and Maximum Principal Technological University (Taunggyi), with the help of their
Stress are 0.02789, 4.985e-7 and 0.0070949 respectively. So, guidance, constant encouragement, patient and trust, I have
for CNC Machine Table, Grey Cast Iron is more reliable than worked on this research.
other materials.
REFERENCES
ACKNOWLEDGMENT [1] Parag R. Bhingardeve, Rajani T. More, Sujit S. Malgave,
A special thanks is offered to Dr. San San Yee, Rector, “Static structural analysis of 3 axis cnc machine table
Technological University (Taunggyi), for her encouragement, using finite element analysis”, International Journal of
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[2] Aleksandar kosarac, milan zeljkovic, cvijetin
A special thanks is offered to Dr. Nang Woe Swam, Professor
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and Head of Mechanical Engineering Department,
horizontal machining center”
Technological University (Taunggyi), for her encouragement,
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express my sincere gratitude, respect and regards for his Vol. 1. Issue 1, 06/2016
@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD29197 | Volume – 3 | Issue – 6 | September - October 2019 Page 947
International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
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@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD29197 | Volume – 3 | Issue – 6 | September - October 2019 Page 948