Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Annotated Bibliography
Annotated Bibliography
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In this magazine article, the author discusses a new app that was made to help people
bake the perfect chocolate chip cookie. This article is mostly intended for anyone because the
language in it is understandable and basic, but people interested in baking and cooking are
probably the intended audience.The author endorses this app by saying that many recipes claim
that they are the best cookie recipe out there, but with this app you can actually make exactly the
kind of cookie you want, so it is perfect by your standards. They also go into detail about how
this app works. Basically, there are slider options within the app that help dictate exactly how
your cookie will turn out. Whether you want your cookie crispy or chewy or thin or thick or
anything else in between, you can decide it. As you move around the sliders, you can see how
the recipe will change. If you want a chewy cookie, it will increase the amount of eggs you use.
If you want a thick cookie, you will bake it on a higher temperature for a short time, and visa
versa for a thin cookie. The author concludes by endorsing it once again, saying that after baking
14 dozen cookies, each of the recipes were exactly how she expected them to turn out.
Child Labor and Slavery in the Chocolate Industry. (n.d). Retrieved from
https://foodispower.org/human-labor-slavery/slavery-chocolate/
In this source, the author discusses the controversy behind the most important part of a
chocolate chip cookie; chocolate. It all starts where cocoa is grown, most likely in Western
Africa and parts of South America. Specifically, many countries on the Ivory Coast get most of
their money from exported cocoa. These countries of course use children to do their labor,
paying them a measly two dollars an hour. Children are often abducted or sold by family
members unaware of the dangers of harvesting cocoa to traffickers working for cocoa farms.
These children are not reunited with their families for long periods of time, if they ever are
reunited with them. These children range from ages five to sixteen, and often are slaves to these
farms far into adulthood. Often times, children are climbing large cocoa trees wielding
chainsaws or machetes to get the plants. It is this reason that children sustain life threatening
injuries and obtain permanent scarring. Once they get the plants from the trees, they carry sacks
of bean pods that are often twice their size, and if they do not work with hastr, they will be
beaten. The author states that chocolate manufacturers in America like Hershey are aware of the
problems their industry causes, yet they have done little to nothing to alleviate the process of
How Google’s artificial intelligence is baking chocolate chip cookies. (2017). The Pittsburgh
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In this news article, the Pittsburgh Tribune highlights Google’s Artificial Intelligence
putting recipes together to make delicious chocolate chip cookies. This article is able to be read
by mostly anyone, but lovers of technology may have more of an interest in it. In it, the author
follows the story of a woman named Jeanette Harris, who owns a gluten free bakery in
Philadelphia. She worked together with some of the Google staff to create cookies with artificial
intelligence, and was surprised when it called for cardamom, which is traditionally used for
Asian and Indian cooking. According to a Google staff member, they devised the idea for AI
producing recipes when him and his colleagues were sitting at lunch together. How it works is
AI takes results from dozens of batches of cookies to produce the best recipe for chocolate chip
cookies. After about 60 batches of cookies, the team at Google believed that AI had mastered the
recipes, and they decided to team up with Harris and put it to the test. The articled is closed by
Harris and the team at Google stating that it was unnerving to let AI do all the work, but they
also do not worry about Artificial Intelligence taking their jobs away from them in the future.
reinventing the chocolate chip cookie. Human Ecology, 47( 1), 42. Retrieved from
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In this academic journal, the author outlines Julie Waxman’s entrepreneurial experience
with reinventing the chocolate chip cookie, and this source is likely aimed towards scholars and
those interested in business and entrepreneurship. Julie Waxman is a graduate from Cornell
University, where she first started her journey in making and selling baked goods after taking a
business course. After posting flyers and advertisements around the campus, her business took
off and became a huge hit. Several years later, after her business days at Cornell, she visited a
bakery with her daughter and had an ‘aha moment’ when she saw the colorfully baked bagels
that they sold. It was then that she had the idea to bake rainbow chocolate chip cookies. After
scouring the internet, she could not find anything like the idea she had, and decided to start
altering her recipes that she used in college that were such big hits. After perfecting the process,
she sent samples to all of her contacts in New York City, and had an unprecedented return on her
investment. After being recognized by big name people on social media, she hopes to get even
bigger deals with bigger companies throughout the rest of her career.
Roberts, S. (n.d). Overlooked No More: Ruth Wakefield, Who Invented the Chocolate Chip
https://www.nytimes.com/2018/03/21/obituaries/overlooked-ruth-wakefield.html
In this New York Times article, they create an obituary for Ruth Wakefield-- the inventor
of chocolate chip cookies. The intended audience is most likely for curious readers who have an
interest in this kind of history, and the reader should expect a brief and informal but
informational article. Ruth Wakefield was born on June 17, 1903 in East Walpole,
Massachusetts, and later moved to Easton Massachusetts, where she was raised. It was there that
she attended what is now known as Framingham State University and where she graduated in
1924. After marrying a man named Kenneth Wakefield in 1926, they opened in Inn in Plymouth
County, Massachusetts. This inn became known as Toll House Inn, where it expanded rapidly
and became known for its many dishes and desserts. Later in the 1930s, Ruth published several
cookbooks, which contain the famous recipes from the inn, as well as the first ever chocolate
chip cookie recipe. Eventually, Nestle offered Ruth a job, which she accepted, and was hired to
help revise recipes for the company. It was then that she sold the rights to her coveted cookie
recipe. Later in life, the Wakefields sold the inn and moved to Duxbury, Massachusetts, where
https://www.cnn.com/2019/08/04/us/chocolate-chip-cookie-history-trnd/index.html
In this article from CNN, they briefly pay tribute to the day that became known as
“Chocolate Chip Cookie Day”. This article was likely intended for any type of audience, but
most likely just everyday readers of CNN’s news articles. To open the piece, they inserted a
video that very briefly described the history of chocolate chip cookies, and included a recipe in
video form to the very first chocolate chip cookies that were first patented by Nestle. After the
video, the author explains that the origin story can be found below. In this story, they told the
tale of how Ruth Wakefield and her husband owned an inn, wherein Ruth cooked and baked all
of the meals for visitors. One day, Ruth was making a type of cookie that she had made often,
but wanted it to be a chocolate cookie. In order to do this new type of cookie, she put small
chunks a semi-sweet chocolate in the batter, thinking that the chocolate would melt and turn the
whole cookie brown, giving the cookie a chocolatey taste. Instead, the chocolate chips stayed
separate from the batter, and the chocolate chip cookie was born; creating a happy accident that
What makes chocolate chip cookies so addictive? (2018). CNN Wire. Retrieved from
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In this news article, the author creates a piece indicated for curious readers. It is written in
plain language and anyone from a student to a scholar can read it. The matter in which the author
discusses is why chocolate chip cookies can be so addictive. The solutions she highlights are:
emotional attachment, addictive ingredients, texture and flavor, personal preference, and
indulgence. On the topic of emotional attachment, the author includes that chocolate chip
cookies hold a special place in everyone’s heart. Often it is mothers and grandmothers who have
a special recipe that we remember fondly, or it may have been the first cookie we ever learned to
make. The second reason, addictive ingredients provides scientific evidence as to why the
cookies are so irresistible. The first being that sugar is shown to produce rewards and cravings in
our brain. The second bit of evidence she uses is chocolate, which has a chemical known as
anandamide, which targets the same receptors in our brain as THC. As for texture and flavor, the
author points to the fact that caramelized butter and sugar as it is is very tempting to us. Add to
the fact that cookies are often crispy then gooey, which adds interest to the food, and then add
chocolate chips, which provide interest to our mouth when we bite down on something that is
different from the rest. On the fourth topic, personal preference, the author explains that you can
make any kind of chocolate chip cookie to match your preference, so there is really no reason to
not like them. Lastly, for happy indulgence the author states that cookies can always find their
way into a balanced diet, and the bottom line is that chocolate chip cookies can always be
chocolate industry. Can they reduce child labor? Washingtonpost.Com. Retrieved from
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In this news article, the author goes over a budget plan to have the cocoa industry pay
more to cocoa farmers in countries along West Africa, primarily in Ghana and the Ivory Coast.
This article is most likely intended for people that are familiar with business and economic
jargon, as the vocabulary in it can be difficult to navigate. This proposal was made to help
alleviate the mass child labor, poverty, and deforestation that is occuring from chocolate
companies exploiting these people for their resources. This proposal is said to increase the price
of a ton of cocoa to $2,600, which is a ten percent increase. This proposal is important because
farmers earn around $2,400 annually, and millions of children are slaves to these farms in order
to provide for their families. The problem however, is that it is unclear how much of this money
is going to go back to the farmers. Another issue that arises is how this increase in price could
potentially create a surplus that only leads to more deforestation. Big name companies like
Hershey that were present at the time of the proposal indicated that they were open to the change,
so long as the plan actually provided a way for the farmers to benefit from it. The author also
noted that consumers would not see a significant spike in prices of chocolate in stores.
Wyman, C. (2014). The Great American Chocolate Chip Cookie Book. Woodstock, VT: The
Countryman Press.
In Carolyn Wyman’s book, “The Great American Chocolate Chip Cookie Book”,
Wyman enters into the world of everything chocolate chip cookie. From recipes to history
lessons, Wyman included anything anyone from a baker to a scholar might want to know. In the
first chapter, Wyman goes into detail of the origin story of the first Toll House Cookie. She starts
by addressing the common myths of the origin of the cookie. First, that in a frenzy, Ruth
substituted nuts for chocolate chips after discovering that the inn was out of nuts. Wyman
disproves this by chalking it up to the fact that Ruth Wakefield was too much of a perfectionist to
simply run out of nuts, as she ran a pretty clean operation at the inn. Another rumor she
addresses is the one where, essentially, chocolate just happens to fall into the batter that Ruth
was mixing. Wyman disproves this rumor using anecdotal evidence from a daughter of a grill
cook at the Inn, who said that her father tells that story to make him sound like the hero who
convinced Ruth to keep the ‘ruined’ batter. Ultimately, Wyman reveals that the true origin story
of the chocolate chip cookie emerged when Ruth recalled some experimenting she had done in
college in a food chemistry class, and simply started testing chocolate in her baking.
This company will blast cookie dough into space and bake the first cookies there. (2019). CNN
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This news article by CNN is primarily aimed towards a general audience, and the
language in it is not complex at all. The length of the article is also notably short, and is perfect
for people looking for a quick read about new innovations. This article discusses how there will
be cookie dough sent to the international space station. This cookie will come from DoubleTree,
a hotel chain owned by Hilton who is known for their famous chocolate chip cookies. These
cookies could be the first cookies baked in space, making history. According to Hilton, they
show their hospitality by offering guests chocolate chip cookies when they first arrive. By
sending cookie dough into space, they are excited to share that hospitality with the International
Space Station. Hilton is working with a company called Zero G Kitchen, which constructs
appliances we use on earth that are able to withstand being in space for long periods. This is all
being done in an effort to open up the frontier of space to common people, and they believe that
chocolate chip cookies are very relatable to the general public in their everyday lives. The
DoubleTree cookie dough will make its way into orbit sometime in 2019.