Understanding Culture, Society, and Politics

Deviance and Conformity Conformists –people who accept social goals and achieve those in legitimate way.
(Social Psychology on Social Dynamics) •E. g.: Majority of the people
Innovators–people who accept social goals but their ways of achieving the goals are
What makes us to conform? not accepted by the society.
•E. g.: cheating in exam, stealing
-Conformity is an act of following the roles and norms of society.
-Norms are set to establish stability and harmony among members of society. Ritualists–people who abandon socially approved goals but accept the way/ means
of doing things.
[Social control for social stability, order, harmony, and predictability.] •E. g.: religious persons, lower middle class
What makes us to deviate? Retreatists–people who reject their socially accepted goals and legitimate ways of
doing things, though they do not want to change the social norms.
-Deviance is an act of violating norms and standards of society.
•E. g.: addicts, gangsters
-Deviance happens when an individual does the thing that he is ought not to do.
-The common notion on deviance is negative but sometimes, it produces positive Rebels–people who reject their socially accepted goals and legitimate ways of doing
results, depending on the people who benefit from it. things with the intention of changing the system and/ or norms.
-There are different theories that explain why some people tend to deviate •E. g.: NPA, terrorist groups
themselves.
Labeling Theory (Edwin Lemert & Howard Becker)
THEORIES OF DEVIANCE -People who are tagged will hold a reputation of being a deviant even if not so to the
eyes of some.
Sociobiological Theory (Cesare Lombroso, Enrico Feri) •E. g.: blacks, ex-convicts
-Deviance is caused by illness or abnormalities on the bodies of deviants.
-This is also caused by genetics. [Symbolic interactionist schools]
Psychological theory Conflict Theory

-Repressed urges, impulses, or feelings are released through doing deviant -People who display activities that conflict to the ruling ones will be considered as
actions. deviants.
•E. g.: protesters, rebels, minority groups in the congress
Differential Association Theory (Edwin Sutherland)
-Individuals tend to do deviant acts because of interaction to other deviants who [Critical schools (Frankfurt)]
influence them to do the same.
Social Control Theory (Travis Hirschi)
[Ecological schools have pondered on this.] -Lack of bonding to agents of socialization might lead to deviant acts. Four
dimensions of social bonding (Attachment, commitment, involvement, and beliefs)
Social Strain Theory (Robert Merton) are needed to prevent deviant behaviors.
-Deviant behavior is a result of frustration because of inequality of opportunities. •E. g.: uneducated, lack of socialization from families
These disadvantaged people resort to become either of the following:
[Symbolic Interactionist schools]
[Structural-functionalist schools are using this]
PREPARED BY: DACON
Social Control •Inalienable –cannot be taken away from someone
Mechanism of society to maintain social order and stability. Legal Bases of Human Rights
Ingredients for social control:
•Laws –set of rules created by the government United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights
•Police power –capability of the state to implement laws
•Courts (or quasi-judicial courts) –mediate and release verdict to the cases. •Article 1: All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights….
•School, family, and church –main agents that teach individuals about rules and
laws. •Article 2: Everyone is entitle to all the rights and freedoms set forth in this
Declaration, without distinction of any kind, such as race, colour, sex, language,
Formal Sanction religion, political, or other opinion, national or social origin, property, birth or other
-These are the rewards or forms of punishment that are formally awarded by an status. Furthermore, no distinction shall be made on the basis of the political,
institution such as government, a council, or an establishment. jurisdictional or international status of the country or territory to which a person
belongs, whether it be independent, trust, non-self-governing or under any other
•E. g.: punitive punishments, incarceration, bail, suspension, community service, limitation of sovereignty.
warning, etc.
Article III (Bill of Rights) of 1987 Philippine Constitution
Informal Sanction •Section 1: No person shall be deprived of life, liberty, or property without due
-These are the rewards or forms of punishment that are spontaneously given by an process of law, nor shall any person be denied the equal protection of the laws.
individual or a group of people as a response to a behavior that was either accepted
or disapproved.
•E. g.: physical punishment, any form of social denial/ rejection, etc.
Argument
Are you in favor of implementing death penalty to heinous crimes?

[Discipline and punish]
Human Rights
Human rights are rights inherent to all human beings, regardless of race, sex,
nationality, ethnicity, language, religion, or any other status. Human rights include
the right to life and liberty, freedom from slavery and torture, freedom of opinion
and expression, the right to work and education, and many more. Everyone is
entitled to these rights, without discrimination (UNESCO, n. d.)
Characteristics of Human Rights

•Inherent –intrinsic to an individual
•Universal –it applies to all
•Indivisible –it can be enjoyed in full range
PREPARED BY: DACON

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Understanding Culture, Society, and Politics

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Deviance and Conformity Conformists –people who accept social goals and achieve those in legitimate way.

(Social Psychology on Social Dynamics) •E. g.: Majority of the people

Psychological theory Conflict Theory

Are you in favor of implementing death penalty to heinous crimes?

Characteristics of Human Rights

PREPARED BY: DACON

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