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Steel-concrete composite design

Advantages Disadvantages
o More economical steel section is used in o Slightly complicated design of individual
composite construction than elements.
conventional non-composite construction
for the same span and loading.
o Depth and weight of steel beam required
is reduced. So, the construction depth
also reduces increasing the headroom of
the building.
o Encased steel beam have higher
resistance to fire and corrosion.

Steel design

Advantages Disadvantages
o It is very durable. Structural steel o It has high maintenance costs as it has to
structures can withstand external be painted to make it corrosion-resistant.
pressures such as earthquakes, o Steel has a high expansion rate with
thunderstorms and cyclones. changing temperatures. This can be
o Steel is tensile. It has a high strength to detrimental to the overall structure.
weight ratio which means it has high
strength per unit mass. So no matter how
large the overall structure is, the steel
sections will be small and lightweight,
unlike other building materials.

Reinforced concrete design

Advantages Disadvantages
o The reinforced concrete system is more o The reinforced concrete system is more
durable than any other building system. durable than any other building system.
o The reinforced concrete system is more
durable than any other building system.
o The reinforced concrete system is more
durable than any other building system.
Interlocking signal system

Advantages Disadvantages
o Maintenance is very easy. o Error-prone and expensive.
o Reduced accidents.

Time interval system

Advantages Disadvantages
o Reduced number of train delays o Cannot be used in passenger rails since
o Uniform high level of safety nationwide weight and traffic is high.

Distant signal system

Advantages Disadvantages
o Reduced accidents. o The system are too costly.
o Very accurate detection.

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