Coin Hoards and Hoarding in Roman Britaine PDF

Roger Bland was President of the British Britain has a uniquely rich heritage of coin
COIN HOARDS AND HOARDING IN ROMAN BRITAIN AD 43–c.498

Numismatic Society from 2011 to 2016. He hoards of the Roman period, with over 3,400
retired from the British Museum in 2015,
where he was Keeper of the Department of
Britain, Europe and Prehistory, and Head
Coin Hoards and Hoarding in known from the Iron Age through to the fifth
century AD. This book is the first compre-
hensive survey of them, and it provides a full
of the Portable Antiquities Scheme. Before
that he was curator of Roman coins at the
Roman Britain AD 43–c.498 checklist of the hoards. It is based upon the
author’s Presidential Addresses to the British
Museum. Numismatic Society.
Roger Bland
Cover illustration:
the Snodland I hoard.
© Trustees of the British Museum
SPINK
LONDON
2018
COIN HOARDS AND HOARDING IN
ROMAN BRITAIN AD 43–c.498
THE BRITISH NUMISMATIC SOCIETY
SPECIAL PUBLICATIONS SERIES
This Special Publication series was established in 1991, funded by a generous bequest of Roy Osborne
(1913−1990). The purpose of the series is to support the publication of monographs that it would
not normally be feasible to include within the ambit of the British Numismatic Journal.
This work, edited by Dr Martin Allen, is based on the Presidential addresses delivered by Dr Roger
Bland during his tenure as President of the Society between 2011 and 2016. It also contains a com-
prehensive checklist of Iron Age and Roman coin hoards which enhances the original narrative and
analysis. Its publication has been greatly assisted by a grant from the Arts and Humanities Research
Council.
Kevin Clancy
President, British Numismatic Society
1. The English Coinage 1180–1247. Money, Mints and Exchanges, by John D. Brand, 1994.
2. The Soho Mint and the Industrialisation of Money, by Richard Doty, 1998.
3. Tokens of the Industrial Revolution. Foreign Silver Coins Countermarked for use in Great Britain, c.
1787–1828, by Harrington E. Manville, 2001.
4. The Durham Mint, by Martin Allen, 2003.
5. The Abbey and Mint of Bury St Edmunds to 1279, by Robin J. Eaglen 2006.
6. The Coinage of Offa and His Contemporaries, by Derek Chick, edited by Mark Blackburn and Rory
Naismith, 2010.
7. Viking Coinage and Currency in the British Isles, by Mark Blackburn, 2011.
8. The Coinage of Southern England 796–865, by Rory Naismith, 2011.
9. The Brussels Hoard of 1908. The Long Cross Coinage of Henry III, by Ron Churchill and Bob
Thomas, 2012.
10. Hard at Work. The Diary of Leonard Wyon 1853–1867, edited by Philip Attwood, 2014.
11. The Abbey and Mint of Bury St Edmunds from 1279, by Robin J. Eaglen, 2014.
12. Coin Hoards in Iron Age Britain, by Philip de Jersey, 2014.
13. Coin Hoards and Hoarding in Roman Britain AD 43–c.498, by Roger Bland, 2018.
Coin Hoards and Hoarding in
Roman Britain AD 43–c.498
Roger Bland
Published for
THE BRITISH NUMISMATIC SOCIETY
Special Publication No. 13
SPINK
LONDON
2018
This volume is dedicated to those who study coin hoards
in the Department of Coins and Medals of the British Museum,
past, present and future
© Roger Bland 2018
Published by Spink & Son Ltd,

69 Southampton Row, Bloomsbury,
London WC1B 4ET
for
The British Numismatic Society
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in any retrieval system,
or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or
otherwise without prior permission of the publisher in writing.
ISBN 978–190742779–4
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A CIP catalogue record is available from the British Library
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Printed by Gutenberg Press Ltd, Tarxien, Malta
CONTENTS
List of tables vii

List of figures viii
List of maps xi
List of plates xii
Abbreviations xiii
Foreword xiv
1. THE STUDY OF ROMAN COIN FINDS IN BRITAIN 1

1.1. The growth of antiquarianism: the sixteenth to nineteenth centuries 1
1.2. The twentieth century 3
1.3. The last fifty years 4
1.4. Coin finds from Wales, Scotland and Ireland 6
2. HOARDING IN BRITAIN: AN OVERVIEW 7

2.1. Definitions: what is a hoard? 7
2.2. Treasure Trove and the Treasure Act 1996 8
2.3. Hoards: a working definition 9
2.4. The rate of discovery of new finds 9
2.5. The pattern of hoarding in Britain, prehistory to the twentieth century 11
2.6. Hoarding in the prehistoric period 14
2.7. Contextual evidence for Roman hoards 17
2.8. Survival factors 19
2.9. Hoarding in the medieval period 20
2.10. Hoards of the English Civil War 20
2.11. Two documented cases of hoarding 21
2.12. Conclusions 23
3. THE IRON AGE−ROMAN TRANSITION TO ad 69 25

3.1. Introduction 25
3.2. Hoarding, c.200 bc–ad 69: the broad pattern 25
3.3. Pre-Flavian Roman coins in Britain 26
3.4. The tablets from the Bloomberg site in London 30
3.5. The disappearance of Iron Age gold coinage 30
3.6. The Roman conquest of Britain 32
3.7. Hoards 34
3.8. Mixed hoards of Iron Age and Roman coins 38
3.9. Conclusions 42
4. THE DENARIUS PERIOD, ad 69–238 45

4.2. The dataset 45
4.3. Coin use in Britain in the early second century ad: the Vindolanda tablets 46
4.4. The denarius period in Britain 47
4.5. The Flavians to Hadrian (ad 69–138) 50
4.6. The Antonines, ad 138–92 52
4.7. From Septimius Severus to the end of the denarius period (ad 193–238) 56
4.8. Conclusions 59
vi CONTENTS
5. THE RADIATE PERIOD, ad 238–96 61

5.1. Previous studies of radiate hoards 61
5.2. The development of the radiate 62
5.3. Bronze and gold coinages in the third century 64
5.4. Scale of production of radiates 65
5.5. Denominational composition of radiate hoards 66
5.6. Size of hoards 68
5.7. Date of burial 69
5.8. Some individual hoards 70
5.9. Chronological distribution of radiate hoards 75
6. THE FOURTH AND FIFTH CENTURIES, ad 296–498 97

6.1. Introduction: comparison between hoards and PAS finds 97
6.2. Recoinages 99
6.3. The development of coinage and hoarding, 296–491 100
6.4. Gold and silver hoards 110
6.5. Geographical distribution 118
7. LATE ROMAN GOLD AND SILVER HOARDS FROM BRITAIN AND BEYOND 121
7.2. Previous discussions of late Roman precious-metal coin hoards from Britain 121
7.3. Late Roman silver plate, ingots and brooches 124
CHECKLIST OF IRON AGE AND ROMAN COIN HOARDS 129

Scope 129
Arrangement 129
Checklist 132
Index to checklist 320
BIBLIOGRAPHY 345
GENERAL INDEX 355
HOARD DISTRIBUTION MAPS 361
COLOUR PLATES 395

LIST OF TABLES
2.1 Approximate total number of coin hoards from Britain by period 11

3.1 Summary of early Roman coins on the PAS database 26
3.2 Number of early Roman coins per annum on PAS database 26
3.3a Mixed hoards: pre-Conquest 39
3.3b Mixed hoards: early post–Conquest 39
3.3c Mixed hoards: later post–Conquest 40
4.1 References to coins in the Vindolanda tablets 47
5.1 Analysis by denominations of coins in hoards 66
5.2 Provisional summary of the Frome hoard 71
5.3 Summary of contents of the Beau Street hoard 74
5.4 Summary of radiate hoards from Britain by reign 75
5.5 Terminal dates of hoards in group (c), 260–71 77
5.6 Date of latest issue in hoards that close with coins of Tetricus and Aurelian
(post-reform) 78
5.7 Percentage of post-reform coins in hoards of group (e), 274–86 79
5.8 Date of latest issue in group (e) hoards (275–86) 80
5.9 Hoards closing in the reign of Carausius 81
5.10 Hoards closing in the reign of Allectus 85
6.1 Analysis by metal and denomination of coins in hoards of 296–498 98
6.2 Coins recorded by PAS, 296–498 99
6.3 Period 15 hoards with a significant radiate element 101
6.4 Composition of the Wold Newton hoard (no. 2004) 102
6.5 Composition of the Cae Bardd hoard (no. 2104) 103
6.6 The ten largest hoards of the fourth and fifth centuries 104
6.7 Composition of the Seaton Down hoard (no. 2286) 104
6.8 Composition of the Coleshill hoard (no. 2466) 106
6.9 Composition of the Kings Langley hoard (no. 2669) 107
6.10 Composition of the Wiveliscombe I hoard (no. 2701) 108
6.11 Composition of the Bishops Cannings hoard (no. 2963) 109
6.12 Composition of the Whittington hoard (no. 3027) 110
6.13 Percentage of silver coins in total number of coins in hoards of Periods 18–23 111
6.14 Comparison of the silver coins from the Bishops Cannings and Hoxne hoards 111
6.15 Miliarenses and siliquae recorded by the PAS 112
6.16 Composition of the Hoxne hoard (no. 3033) 114
6.17 Composition of the Sandridge hoard (no. 3031) 116
6.18 Composition of the Patching hoard (no. 3036) 118
7.1 Summary of finds of Roman silver plate and ingots 127
LIST OF FIGURES
1.1 Aureus of Maximian struck by Carausius rescued by Charles Roach Smith 3

1.2 Site finds from Britain 4
2.1 Number of hoards of Iron Age and Roman coins recorded per annum, 1400–2015 9
2.2 Rate of discovery of Roman hoards and hoards of the Civil War period compared 10
2.3 Numbers of coin hoards deposited per annum, c.200 bc–ad 1937 12
2.4 Numbers of hoards deposited per annum, 200 bc–ad 491 13
2.5 Numbers of hoards deposited per annum, ad 410–1180. 13
2.6 Numbers of hoards deposited per annum, ad 1180–1937 14
2.7 Finds of Bronze Age metalwork in Hampshire/West Sussex 15
2.8 The Hallaton deposits 16
2.9 Hoard of ‘barbarous radiates’ from Cardiff Castle (no. 1684) 17
2.10 The Chalfont St Peter hoard (no. 1725) 18
2.11 Distributions of peacetime and Civil War hoards 20
2.12 Hoards closing with coins of Charles I 21
2.13 Hackney Gazette, 14 March 1952 22
2.14 Bomb damage to the Sulzbacher’s house in Hackney (September 1940) 23
3.1 Silver coins from the Republic to Nero recorded by PAS 27
3.2 Roman bronze coins from the Republic to Nero recorded by PAS 28
3.3 All coins recorded on PAS database by broad period 31
3.4 All gold coins on the PAS database by broad period 31
3.5 Proportion of gold coins recorded on the PAS database 32
3.6 Hoards post-dating ad 43 with Iron Age coins only 33
3.7 Hoards possibly associated with Caratacus’s resistance to Roman rule 35
3.8 Hoards of Roman coins only, pre-dating ad 69 36
3.9 Hoards of Roman bronze coins before ad 69 37
3.10 Mixed hoards of Iron Age and Roman coins 41
3.11 Aerial view of Hengistbury Head 42
3.12 Republican denarius of c.207 bc found in Berkshire 43
4.1 Number of hoards per annum, ad 69–238, by reign 48
4.2 Hoards per annum, ad 69–238: dateable hoards only 49
4.3 Hoards per annum, ad 69–238: all hoards. 49
4.4 Hoards per annum, ad 69–138 50
4.5a As of Hadrian commemorating Britannia, dated to ad 119–22 51
4.5b Sestertius of ad 134–8 51
4.6 Sestertius of Hadrian of ad 134–8 showing the Emperor addressing the army in Britain 51
4.7 Hoards closing in the Flavian period 51
4.8 Military sites occupied under the Flavians 51
4.9 Hoards closing in the reigns of Nerva, Trajan and Hadrian 52
4.10 Military sites occupied under Trajan and Hadrian 52
4.12a Antoninus Pius, sestertius with reverse BRITANNIA, ad 140–44 54
4.12b Antoninus Pius, sestertius, IMPERATOR II BRITAN, Victory, ad 143–4 54
4.13 Antoninus Pius, BRITANNIA as, ad 154–5 54
4.14 Hoards of the reign of Antoninus Pius 54
4.15 Military sites occupied in the reign of Antoninus Pius 54
4.16 Hoards of the reigns of Antoninus Pius and Marcus Aurelius with those closing
in ad 160–1 highlighted 55
4.17 Four aurei from the Corbridge hoard 55
LIST OF FIGURES ix
4.18 The excavator’s plan of the findspot of the Corbridge hoard 55

4.19 Sestertius of Commodus of ad 183–4 showing Britannia standing with sword and
wreath 56
4.20 Medallion of ad 184–5 showing a more conventional depiction of Britannia seated 56
4.22 Hoards of the period ad 193–222 with those of ad 208–11 highlighted 58
4,23 Hoards of ad 222–38 with those closing in ad 231 highlighted 58
4.24−4.25 Sestertii of Septimius of ad 210–11 showing the Emperor addressing his
troops 58
4.26 Sestertius of Caracalla celebrating VICTORIAE BRITANNICAE 58
4.27 Gold aureus of Caracalla of ad 210 showing Emperor raising kneeling woman
(perhaps York) 59
5.1 Denarius of Caracalla 63
5.2 Radiate of Caracalla 63
5.3 Radiate of Gordian III 63
5.4 Radiate of Valerian I 63
5.5 Radiate of Postumus 63
5.6 Radiate of Tetricus I 63
5.7 ‘Barbarous’ radiate 63
5.8 Reformed radiate (aurelianus) of Aurelian 63
5.9 Reformed radiate (aurelianus) of Carausius 63
5.10 Sestertius of Gallienus (253–60) 64
5.11 Full-size double sestertius of Postumus 64
5.12 Reduced double sestertius of Postumus 64
5.13 Aureus of Philip I 64
5.14 Aureus of Gallienus 64
5.15 Metal content of denarii and aurei 65
5.16 Radiate of Laelian 66
5.17 Radiate of Victorinus 66
5.18 Hoards per annum by Reece period 67
5.19 Site finds from Britain 67
5.20 Analysis of the size of radiate hoards. 68
5.21 Coin of Probus from the Bredon Hill hoard. 69
5.22 Excavation of the Bredon Hill hoard 69
5.23 Roman Cunetio, showing the findspot of the Cunetio hoard 70
5.24 Plan of the Frome hoard pot 72
5.25 Numbers of coins of Carausius in each layer 72
5.26 The Chalgrove, Oxfordshire hoard 72
5.27 The coin of Domitian of Gaul from the Chalgrove hoard 73
5.28 The Dorchester hoard 73
5.29 X-ray of the Beau Street hoard in its soil block before conservation 74
5.30 Terminal date of radiate hoards from Britain (hoards per annum) 90
5.31 Terminal date of radiate hoards from Britain (hoards per annum, adjusted) 90
5.32 Terminal date of radiate hoards from Britain and the Continent 91
5.33 Hoards of ad 268 from Flanders (northern France and Belgium) and possible
routes of barbarian raids 92
5.34 Precious-metal deposits of 238–59 93
5.36 Routes of the major barbarian invasions of the 260s 94
6.1 Hoards per annum, 296–408 97
6.2 Thornbury (South Glos) hoard 105
x LIST OF FIGURES
6.3 GLORIA ROMANORVM nummus (ad 402–6) from the Whittington,

Northumberland, hoard (no. 3027) 109
6.4 Miliarensis of Constantius II, ad 340–8 112
6.5 Reduced siliqua of Constantius II, ad 357–61 112
6.6 Solidi of Arcadius and Honorius, Milan, ad 395–402 112
6.7 Siliquae of Arcadius and Honorius, Milan, ad 395–402 112
6.8 Unclipped siliqua of Honorius, ad 395–402 113
6.9 Clipped siliqua of Honorius, ad 395–402 113
6.10 Contemporary copies of siliquae of Honorius 113
6.11 Solidus of Honorius from Rome, ad 404–8 113
6.12 Siliquae of Constantine III, ad 407–8 113
6.13 Excavation of Hoxne treasure 114
6.14 Hoxne: plan of site 115
6.15 Hoxne: excavation of findspot 115
6.16 Findspot of the Hoxne treasure in October 2013 116
6.17 Roman East Anglia 117
7.1 Fourth-century silver ingot from Britain: Tower of London (no. 3026) 124
7.2 Fourth-century silver ingot from Britain: Ballinrees (Coleraine) hoard (no. 3035) 124
7.3 Fourth-century crossbow brooch from near Lichfield, Staffordshire 125
7.4 Hoards of late Roman silver coins (c.330–700), silver plate and silver ingots 126
7.5 Distribution of late Roman crossbow brooches 127
7.6 Single finds of Roman gold coins in Britain (coins per annum) 128
LIST OF MAPS
1 Hoards of Reece period 1 (up to ad 41) 362

2 Hoards of Reece period 2 (41–54) 363
12 All radiate hoards (238–96) 373
13 Hoards of 238–53 374
14 Hoards of 253–60 375
15 Hoards of 260–71 376
16 Hoards of 271–4 (Tetrici) 377
17 Hoards of 274–86 378
18 Hoards of ‘barbarous radiates’ (c.275–85) 379
19 Hoards of 286–93 (Carausius) 380
20 Hoards of 293–6 (Allectus) 381
30 Precious-metal hoards of periods 17–22 (330–445) 391
31 All hoards on the database 392
LIST OF PLATES
1 The distribution of PAS parishes and comparative sites, mainly excavated 395
2 The Dallinghoo hoard (no. 280) 396
3 The Beverston hoard (no. 1430) 396
4 The Ashwell hoard 397
5 The Water Newton hoard 397
6 The Hackney hoard as found 398
7 Coins from the Hackney hoard 398
8 Early Roman coins per annum on the PAS database, by denomination 399
9 Early Roman coins per annum on the PAS database to ad 64, by denomination 399
10 PAS coins per annum, Republic – ad 69, by value (in asses) 400
11 The Bredgar hoard (no. 434) 400
12 An Icenian hoard: Field Baulk, March (no. 354) 401
13 Hallaton hoard (no. 438) 401
14 Roman helmet from Hallaton 401
15a and 15b Composition of the coins in 701 hoards of 69–238 (left) and composition of
24,736 single finds of of 69–238 recorded by the PAS (right) 402
16 Numbers of gold, silver and bronze coins recorded by the PAS, 69–253, by
period 402
17 The Shillington hoard (no. 529) 403
18 The Didcot hoard: 126 aurei to 160–1 (no. 771) 403
19 Hoard of 9,238 denarii to 224 from Shapwick, Somerset (no. 1163) 403
20 Hoard of 425 bronze coins to 209 from Curridge, Berkshire (no. 1080) 404
21 The Cunetio hoard (no. 1480) 404
22 The findspot today 405
23 Proportions of gold coins, radiates, silver coins and nummi in hoards of Reece
periods 15–22 (296–445) 405
24 Percentage of hoards and PAS finds by Reece period 406
25 The Wiveliscombe hoard of 2,118 radiates, to 298 (no. 1974) 406
26 The Wold Newton hoard of 1 radiate and 1856 nummi to 307 (no. 2004) 407
27 The Seaton Down hoard (no. 2286) 407
28 Some of the coins from the Hoxne hoard (no. 3033) 408
29 Hoxne: sets of spoons inscribed Aur. Ursicinus 408
30 Sandridge, near St Albans, hoard: 159 solidi to 408 (no. 3031) 409
31 Patching hoard (no. 3036) 409
32 Hoards of late Roman precious-metal coins, c.300–700 410
33 Hoards of silver coins, ingots and plate 410
ABBREVIATIONS
BAR British Archaeological Reports

BNJ British Numismatic Journal
CENB Cercle d’Études numismatiques, Bulletin
CHRB Coin Hoards from Roman Britain
DCMS Department for Culture, Media and Sport
HER Historic Environment Record
NC Numismatic Chronicle
PAS Portable Antiquities Scheme
PSAS Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland
RCS ‘Roman coins found in Scotland’ 1–12 (for a list of the articles in this series see Key to
Checklist)
RIC Roman Imperial Coinage
SMA Society of Museum Archaeologists
ZPE Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik
FOREWORD
This book is derived from the author’s five Presidential Addresses to the British Numismatic Society,
given between 2012 and 2016 and published in the British Numismatic Journal. Two new chapters have
been added: an overview of the study of Roman coin finds in Britain (chapter 1) and a discussion of
hoards of nummi of the fourth century (chapter 6); all the other chapters have been brought up to date.
The volume also contains a checklist of all hoards of Iron Age and Roman coins (down to the early
Byzantine period) from England, Wales, Scotland, Ireland and the Channel Islands, reported to the
end of 2015. This is based on the work of Eleanor Ghey, Research Assistant in the Hoards project,
and it will provide a sound basis for all future studies of Iron Age and Roman hoards from Britain.
My aim has been to present an account of Roman coin hoards from the end of the Iron Age period
to the fifth century ad and my focus is on coin hoards as hoards. I have not attempted to give a
comprehensive discussion of Iron Age coin hoards, not least because this has been done recently
by Philip de Jersey in his magisterial Coin Hoards in Iron Age Britain, also published by the British
Numismatic Society. However, the checklist does include all Iron Age coin hoards and in chapter 3
I discuss hoards that combine Iron Age and Roman coins.
In 2011 a conference at the British Museum on hoarding and the deposition of metalwork
(published as Naylor and Bland 2015) provided the stimulation for a major research project, ‘Crisis
or continuity? Hoards and hoarding in Iron Age and Roman Britain’, that was in progress. This
was funded by the Arts and Humanities Research Council as a collaboration between the British
Museum and the University of Leicester. Its principal aim has been to understand better why so
many coin hoards were buried in Roman Britain, especially in the third century, and it has had a
focus on the investigation of findspots of hoards. A monograph, Iron Age and Roman Coin Hoards
in Britain, by Roger Bland, Adrian Chadwick, Eleanor Ghey, Colin Haselgrove, David Mattingly,
Adam Rogers and Jeremy Taylor with Stewart Bryant, Nicky Garland, Sam Moorhead and Katherine
Robbins, will be published by Oxbow books in 2018. For this reason, I have not attempted to dupli-
cate the discussion of findspots and context that will be found in that volume. I am very grateful
to all those who took part in the 2011 conference and also to members of the Hoards project team
for many stimulating discussions. My thanks too to Martin Allen for encouraging me to turn these
addresses into a book and for help throughout the project.
Jerome Mairat kindly built the first database for the Hoards project and Dan Pett and Mary Chester-
Kadwell have made a web-based version from which the checklist is derived.
This volume is greatly enhanced by the series of maps produced by Dr Katherine Robbins, to whom
I am extremely grateful.
I would like to thank Andrew Burnett, Colin Haselgrove and Sam Moorhead for their helpful
comments on drafts of the papers; to Philip de Jersey for access to his Coin Hoards in Iron Age Britain
in advance of publication and to John Talbot for giving me sight of his unpublished DPhil thesis;
to Martin Allen, Edward Besly, Fraser Hunter, Nick Holmes and Ben Roberts for data on hoards; to
Stephen Crummy for drawing fig. 5.36 and Dan Pett for fig. 7.4 and to the following for permission
to reproduce illustrations: Edward Besly (fig. 2.12); Gail Boyle (fig. 6.2); Andrew Burnett (fig. 5.15);
Daniel Gricourt (fig. 5.33); Peter Guest for fig. 6.23); Richard Hobbs (fig. 5.34, 5.35 and 5.37); Chris
Howgego (pl. 18 and figs. 5.26 and 5.27); Ian Leins (fig. 2.8); David Mattingly (figs. 4.8, 4.10 and
4.15); Ellen Swift (fig. 7.5); Philippa Walton (pl. 1); David Yates and Richard Bradley (fig. 2.7); the
University of Southampton (fig. 5.29) and Suffolk County Council Archaeology Service (figs. 6.13,
6.14 and 6.15).
This work was supported by the Arts and Humanities Research Council, grant number AH/K000438/1.
Roger Bland
August 2017
CHAPTER 1
THE STUDY OF ROMAN COIN FINDS IN

BRITAIN
1.1. The growth of antiquarianism: the sixteenth to nineteenth centuries
Britain was a backwater in the early study of ancient numismatics when compared with countries
such as France, the Low Countries and Italy, where the first books on coins were published in the
early sixteenth century.1 No works of any significance on ancient coinage were published in this
country until the 18th century.
But in one respect British scholars were in advance of their Continental counterparts and that was
in the study and recording of coin finds. The earliest record of the discovery of a coin hoard in the
corpus is taken from a coroner’s inquisition recording a pot of gold and silver coins found at St
Mary Cray in Kent in 1435 (no. 3264), but no details of the coins are available, and that can hardly
count as evidence of antiquarian interests: the sole purpose of the coroner’s inquest was to seize a
valuable find for the King.2
Henry VIII’s antiquarian John Leland (c.1503–52) did note details of seven hoards in the itineraries
he compiled while travelling around England in search of important manuscripts belonging to the
recently-dissolved religious houses between 1535 and 1543.3 The details he provides on these show
the beginnings of scholarly interest – for example, he recorded a find from Kingston on Thames
of Roman gold and silver coins and ‘masses to bete into plates to coyne, and (chay)nes of sylver’,
which, as Anne Robertson noted, looks like a hoard of late Roman solidi and siliquae with ingots
and jewellery.4
Leland was in many respects ahead of his time, but his primary interest lay in manuscripts. William
Camden (1551–1623), the first edition of whose Britannia was published in 1586, is generally
regarded as the founder of the antiquarian study of Britain.5 This work, successively expanded
over the following 150 years by a series of editors,6 gave birth to the great tradition of the writing
of county histories and of studying and publishing significant new finds. Finds of coins, espe-
cially Roman coins, featured prominently among the discoveries that these learned gentlemen, all
reared on the classics, liked to discuss – and collect; and early 18th century antiquarians such as
Edmund Gibson (1669–1748), Bishop of London,7 Roger Gale (1672–1744)8 and his brother Samuel
(1682–1754),9 John Horsley (1685/6–1732),10 William Stukeley (1687–1765)11 and Maurice Johnson
1
Burnett 2004. See chapter 5 for a discussion of the study of radiate hoards and chapter 7 for a discussion of the study
of late Roman precious-metal hoards. Bland & Loriot 2010, 4−7 is a survey of the study of finds of gold coins from
Britain.
2
Robertson 2000, 1864; Bland and Loriot 2010, 432.
3
Leland 1768−9; for Leland see Carley 2006.
4
Robertson 2000, 1651, 411.
5
Camden 1586; for a biography of Camden see Herendeen 2008.
6
Six subsequent editions, each one enlarged, were published by Camden himself. The most important later editions
are by Gibson (1695 and 1722) and Gough (1786 and 1806).
7
He edited and greatly expanded Camden’s Britannia (Camden 1695 and 1722): on Gibson see Taylor 2008.
8
Clapinson 2004.
9
Boyd Haycock 2004b.
10
Horsley 1732. On Horsley see Boyd Haycock 2004c.
11
Piggott 1985; Boyd Haycock 2004a.
2 COIN HOARDS AND HOARDING IN ROMAN BRITAIN AD 43–c.498
(1688–1755)12 all corresponded with each other on new finds. Younger antiquarians included
Richard Gough (1735–1809)13, who also translated and expanded Camden’s work.
The prestigious Society of Antiquaries, founded in 1707 by Maurice Johnson and others, was to
act as an important means of exchanging information about new discoveries, many of which were
recorded in the minute books of its meetings or in its periodical Archaeologia,14 while the Gentleman’s
Magazine, first published in 1731, also served as a vehicle for reports of new finds.
Perhaps one of the most fascinating works on this subject from this time is a small book by John
Poynter, Chaplain of Merton College, Oxford published in 1724.15 Its title is Britannia Romana, or
Roman Antiquities in Britain, viz. Coins, Camps and Publick Roads and it is an ambitious attempt to
publish an inventory of Roman coin hoards from Britain – together with an account of Roman
camps and roads. Its scope does not match its ambitions, as it is only 60 pages long, and its impor-
tance lies less in its contents – although Poynter does present a county by county inventory of coin
hoards known to him – than in its author’s approach. In his introduction Poynter discusses the
reasons for the burial of coin hoards in Britain. He writes in his Preface:
If it should be ask’d, What should be the Reason of burying so much Roman Coin here in Britain? I answer, I
am not of Dr Leigh’s opinion who (in his Nat. Hist.) tells us that the Romans buried their Money rather than
that it should come into the Enemy’s Hands. For (alas) of what Service cou’d a Pot or two of Copper Coins be
to a whole Country? The intrinsick Value of one of those Pots of Coins, cou’d not amount to above 20, or 30
or 40s at most. But they seldom left their Silver behind ‘em, and when they did, they were but a few Denarii
in an Urn. And they knew better things than to leave their Gold behind ‘em. And as for another Opinion,
That They hid their Money on Prospect of a Return; the same Answer may serve. I rather think that they
buried such Quantities of Money in several Places, as so many incontestable Memorials of the once Roman
Greatness, and undeniable Testimonies of the large Extent of their prevailing Conquests.
We might modify some of these statements in the light of subsequent knowledge, but here we see
an early eighteenth-century clergyman, whose other main publication was A Rational Account of
the Weather, grappling with concepts that still exercise us today: and interestingly he seems to be
suggesting that hoards might have been buried for what we would now call ritual purposes rather
than with the intention of recovery.
The nineteenth century saw a great quickening in the pace of building work and consequently of
new discoveries and the study and publication of these finds continued to occupy the interests of
antiquarians. One of the leading experts was James Yonge Akerman (1806–70), first secretary of the
Numismatic Society of London (now the Royal Numismatic Society) and its journal the Numismatic
Chronicle which henceforth served as a major vehicle for the publication of new finds. In 1844 he
published Coins of the Romans Relating to Britain, but this is a listing of coins which contain refer-
ences to Britain rather than a discussion of finds.16 Perhaps the greatest antiquarian of the age was
the London chemist, Charles Roach Smith (1806–90),17 who devoted his energies to trying to save
and record the large numbers of new finds that were coming to light in London and Kent, starting
with the large quantities of coins and other artefacts that were discovered by the workmen demol-
ishing the old London Bridge in 1834–41, including this aureus struck by Carausius in the name of
Maximian now in the British Museum (fig. 1.1).18
12
Moore 1851; Boyd Haycock 2010.
13
Camden 1786 and 1806. For Gough see Sweet 2008.
14
Evans 1956.
15
Poynter 1724.
16
Akerman 1844.
17
Rhodes 2004.
18
Bland and Loriot 2010, cat. 391; Roach Smith 1841−2.
THE STUDY OF ROMAN COIN FINDS IN BRITAIN 3
Fig. 1.1. Aureus of Maximian struck by Carausius, rescued by Charles Roach

Smith from the new London Bridge (British Museum)
Although the application of the law Treasure Trove to newly-discovered coin hoards could be fairly
hit and miss in the nineteenth century, the study of newly-discovered hoards became an accepted
part of the responsibilities of the staff of the Department of Coins and Medals, created in 1860.19
Curators such as Barclay Head, Herbert Gruber and George Hill all published important accounts of
hoards at this time. But there was no systematic attempt to study other discoveries of Roman coins
(John Evans’s seminal work on Iron Age coinage was published in 186420), although the local anti-
quarian tradition was still strong and this was aided by the establishment of a network of county
archaeological societies during the nineteenth century.
1.2. The twentieth century
In the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, perhaps the most important development
in the study of coin finds was the increasing number of large area excavations of Roman sites
from the 1890s down to the Second World War – for example at Silchester, Wroxeter, Caerwent,
Richborough and Hadrian’s Wall. Richborough was excavated from 1922 to 1938 under the aus-
pices of the Society of Antiquaries with the involvement of the Ministry of Works which, since
the Ancient Monuments Act of 1882 was acquiring increasing responsibility for the protection
and investigation of archaeological sites. All of these excavations produced large numbers of coin
finds, and none more so Richborough from which site over 52,000 coins have been published.21
Responsibility for studying and publishing archaeological finds passed from the staff of the British
Museum to others, such as Bertram Fox or Brian O’Neil, who started to be funded by the Ministry
for Works (now English Heritage) to do this work.
Discussions of why hoards were buried are rare before the 20th century. Blanchet’s study of 1900 was
groundbreaking in that he argued that by studying clusters of hoards of the same period one could
trace external invasions or internal unrest (see chapter 5).22 This way of looking at hoards, particu-
larly those of the second half of the third century, has been extremely influential in Continental
studies and still is,23 however, as long ago as 1932 it was questioned by Harold Mattingly (chapter
5). Harold Mattingly, curator of Roman coins at the British Museum from 1910 to 1947, did publish
hoards and wrote two important papers in which he attempted to draw patterns from them, but
most of his energies were concentrated on the cataloguing the British Museum’s collection and on
the series Roman Imperial Coinage which he initiated.24
There were few attempts to produce a synthesis of the study of coin finds in the first half of
the 20th century, although in 1932 Mattingly had flagged it up as something that needed to be
done.25 One exception was Mattingly’s opposite number at the Ashmolean Museum, Humphrey
Sutherland who, in 1937, published Coinage and Currency in Roman Britain.26 This book has been
rather neglected by students of coin finds from Britain but it marked the first systematic attempt
19
Wilson 2002.
20
Evans 1864; de Jersey 2008.
21
Consolidated list by Richard Reece in Cunliffe 1968. For the original reports see Bushe-Fox 1926, 1928, 1932 and
1949; Cunliffe 1968.
22
Blanchet 1900.
23
See, for example, Gricourt 1988 and see chapter 5. See chapter 7 for a discussion of the literature on late Roman
precious-metal hoards from Britain.
24
Mattingly 1932 and 1951; Mattingly and Pearce 1937−39.
25
Mattingly 1932.
26
Sutherland 1937.
to discuss the significance of both hoards and single finds of coins in Britain. It contains important
discussions of contemporary copies, especially Claudian copies, and also the first attempt to present
a list of Roman coin hoards since Poynter’s of 1725. However, it was written a generation before
Reece and Casey developed the technique of the comparative analysis of coin assemblages and so
seems dated now and Sutherland had little to say on the possible reasons for the reasons behind
patterns of hoarding.
1.3. The last fifty years
The main characteristic of the post-war period, and above all the last 40 years, has been a huge
growth in studies of coin finds. mirroring the explosion in the numbers of finds being made, both
from the increase in archaeological excavations since PPG 16 in 1990 and from metal detecting
(see p. 9). In consequence there was a growing demand for numismatists to write coin reports on
excavation assemblages and in the 1970s two scholars above all rose to this challenge: John Casey
in Durham and Richard Reece at the Institute of Archaeology in London. Both recorded large num-
bers of assemblages, John Casey specialising in the North of England and especially the sites along
Hadrian’s Wall,27 while Richard Reece studied site finds from across much of the rest of England.
Reece developed a technique that enabled comparisons to be made across sites.28 Dividing the
Roman occupation into 21 periods from Augustus to ad 402, he was able to produce a simple chart
comparing the proportion of coins from each period and he noted that urban, military, rural and
religious sites all had their own distinctive profiles of coin finds, an observation which has proved
to be influential. By aggregating data from a range of sites – at first 21, later expanded to 14029 – he
was able to produce a chart that represented the British mean, or average (fig. 1.2).
30
25
20
15
10
Fig. 1.2. Site finds from Britain (after Reece 1995)
27
See, for example, Casey 1980.
28
See, for example, Casey 1980.
29
In Reece 1991.
THE STUDY OF ROMAN COIN FINDS IN BRITAIN 5
Since devising this very simple model Reece developed ever more sophisticated statistical techniques
for analysing site groups within Britain and also enabling British finds to be compared with
assemblages from other provinces. His work has been hugely important – he has been able to show
how British circulation patterns compare closely to sites from northern Gaul but are very different
from Mediterranean provinces, and he has also demonstrated that one can distinguish between
assemblages between typical urban, military, rural and temple sites from their coin distributions.30
In 1974 Reece and Casey organised a symposium on ‘Coins and the Archaeologist’ which was
published by British Archaeological Reports, with a new edition in 1988.31 This has proved to be a
seminal volume and many of the papers in it, such as George Boon’s study of copies of coins found
in Britain, have proved to be key texts.32 In the same year (1988) David Walker’s publication of the
12,613 Roman coins discovered in the Roman baths at Bath was a very important discussion of this
important assemblage.33
In 2000 the Royal Numismatic Society published posthumously Anne S. Robertson’s Inventory of
Romano-British Coin Hoards, which contained details of all hoards of Roman coins from Britain up
to 1992. This was her life-time’s work. Since that publication there have been annual summaries
of new hoards: from 1996 to 2011 in the Numismatic Chronicle and, since 2012, in the British
Numismatic Journal. Full catalogues of the hoards have been published in the series Coin Hoards
from Roman Britain (CHRB), thirteen of which have been published so far.34 The checklist in this vol-
ume contains references to every Iron Age and Roman coin hoard reported up to the end of 2015;
summaries of new finds will be published in the ‘Coin Hoards’ section of the British Numismatic
Journal.
While the British Museum has long had a responsibility to study and publish coin hoards, particularly
those that fell under the law Treasure Trove and, since 1997, under the Treasure Act, there was no
systematic attempt to record single finds of Roman coins.35 Coins from archaeological excavations
were the responsibility of those leading the excavations, but the advent of metal detecting in the
1970s resulted in the discovery of very large numbers of Roman coins and no organisation had the
responsibility of recording them. In two counties, Norfolk and Suffolk, the archaeologists employed
by the county councils did attempt to make a systematic record of detector finds, but they were
the exception. The establishment of the Portable Antiquities Scheme (PAS), first as pilot schemes in
1997 and then nationally across England and Wales from 2002, has led to the creation of a large –
and rapidly growing – national database of coin finds which has revolutionised research.36 We also
have four pioneering volumes by David Shotter listing all finds of Roman coins from the north-
west37 and one by Penhallurick on Cornwall.38 Bland and Loriot have catalogued all single finds and
hoards of Roman gold coins from Britain and Ireland.
As important as their published work was the fact that Reece and Casey have produced a whole
generation of students, many of whom have continued to careers in the field – for example, Andrew
30
Reece 2003.
31
Reece and Casey 1974 and 1988.
32
Boon 1988.
33
Walker 1988.
34
Volumes I–X published by the British Museum; vol. XI by the Royal Numismatic Society and vols XII and XIII by
Moneta, Wetteren.
35
In contrast to Iron Age and Early Medieval coins, for which there have been two projects (at Oxford and Cambridge
respectively) aimed at systematically recording all new single finds of coins of those series: the Celtic Coin index
(https://finds.org.uk/ironagecoins) and the Corpus of Early Medieval Coin Finds (www-cm.fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk/
emc/).
36
As of 1 August 2017 there are 254,367 Roman coins on the PAS database; in October 2009 there were 86,219 coins
(Bland and Loriot 2010, 28).
37
Shotter 1990, 1995, 2000 and 2011.
38
Penhallurick 2009.
Burnett,39 Richard Brickstock,40 Kevin Butcher, John Creighton,41 John Davies,42 Philip de Jersey,43
Peter Guest,44 Richard Hobbs45 and Kris Lockyear.46
Meanwhile the PAS database was investigated by Philippa Walton in Rethinking Roman Britain:
Coinage and Archaeology.47 She was able to show how the prolific number of Roman coins recorded
by PAS has complemented and altered our perception of Roman coin circulations derived from the
study of archaeological assemblages. Perhaps the most important contribution made by the prolific
finds of Roman coins recorded by PAS is in revealing new sites – above all rural settlements, as it
is these that produce the vast majority of finds.48 Thus the PAS data helpfully complements that
which is coming from excavations, as can be seen from pl. 1.
Sam Moorhead has recently provided a connected account of the coinage of Roman Britain which
draws on PAS data, written for a general audience,49 while Richard Abdy and Eleanor Ghey, who
currently have responsibility for studying Roman coin hoards at the British Museum, have both
written popular books on hoards from Roman Britain.50
1.4. Coin finds from Wales, Scotland and Ireland
Coin finds from Wales and Scotland are published more fully than the English finds, thanks to the
smaller size of those countries and the greater scarcity of finds of Roman coins. Scholars in both
those countries have attempted to publish records of all new discoveries. In Wales, the staff of the
National Museum of Wales publish regular reports on new finds. In 2007 Peter Guest’s project to
catalogue all finds of Roman coins from Wales was published in summary form in a book, but, more
importantly the full data is available via the adS and has been incorporated into the PAS database:
it comprises records of 52,813 coins from all available sources, both hoards and single finds.51
In Scotland, where discoveries of Roman coins are much rarer, Sir George Macdonald (1862–1940)
published a pioneering inventory of Roman coin finds from Scotland in the Proceedings of the
Society of Antiquaries of Scotland in 1917–18. Sir George and his successors as Keepers of Coins at
the Hunterian Museum in Glasgow, Anne S Robertson (1910–97) and Donal Bateson, together with
Nick Holmes of the National Museum of Scotland, have continued to publish accounts of all new
discoveries of Roman coins from Scotland at roughly ten-yearly intervals in the PSAS: a total of
twelve papers have now been published (Roman coins found in Scotland 1–12). We thus have a very
full record of all Roman coins found in Scotland, although the coins published in these papers
badly need to be recorded on a database so that they can be available for statistical analysis. Finally,
Roman material from Ireland was the subject of a corpus by Donal Bateson.52
39
See, for example, Burnett 1977, 1984, 1991. Burnett has also edited 7 volumes in the series Coin Hoards from Roman
Britain.
40
Brickstock 1987.
41
Creighton 1994, 2000, 2005, 2006, 2014.
42
Davies 1988, 1992, Davies and Gregory 1991.
43
de Jersey 2015.
44
Guest 1994, 1997, 2005, 2015.
45
Hobbs 2006, 2016.
46
Lockyear 2007, 2012.
47
Walton 2012.
48
Brindle 2014; Daubney 2016.
49
Moorhead 2013.
50
Abdy 2002; Ghey 2015.
51
Guest & Wells 2007.
52
Bateson 1973 and 1976; see now Bland 2015c and Cahill Wilson et al. 2014.
CHAPTER 2
HOARDING IN BRITAIN: AN OVERVIEW
2.1. Definitions: what is a hoard?
In 1975 Philip Grierson divided coin hoards into four categories: accidental losses, ‘emergency’
hoards, ‘savings’ hoards and abandoned hoards.1 Under ‘accidental losses’ Grierson included purses
or small bags of coins lost by accident; ‘emergency’ hoards comprise groups of coins taken from
circulation on a single occasion and buried in an emergency, with the intention of subsequent
recovery, while ‘savings’ hoards comprise coins taken from currency over a period of time, and also
deliberately buried or concealed by their owners with the intention of recovery. Lastly, Grierson
defined ‘abandoned’ hoards as those whose owners disposed of their coins with no intention of
retrieving them and he gave as examples coins associated with burials, foundation deposits in build-
ings and groups of coins thrown into wells or fountains. This classification, itself a development
of earlier accounts,2 has proved very influential in subsequent literature.3 The distinction between
‘savings’ and ‘emergency’ hoards is now generally regarded as not very useful.4 In practice hoards
do not fall into neat categories and any attempt to do this is likely to conceal the fact that the
contents of hoards will have been put together in a wide range of different ways. Both ‘emergency’
and ‘savings’ hoards are likely to have been concealed for the same reasons: because their owners
felt threatened and buried their wealth in the ground with the intention of subsequent recovery.
Traditionally, therefore, students of coin hoards of the Roman period onwards have generally seen
them as having been buried for safekeeping, although Hobbs notes that the ‘threat and response’
interpretation does not apply to all episodes of hoarding and he makes a comparison between
Britain and Italy at the end of the 4th century and the early years of the fifth century ad.5 Large
numbers of hoards are known from Britain at this period, which is the very period when Britain was
abandoned as a Roman province6 and Hobbs notes that ‘it is probably fair to say that we can equate
many late Romano-British precious metal hoards with the “formal demise of the province”’.7 By
contrast, relatively few hoards are known from Italy at this period, even though Alaric’s invasion
of 401 was to lead to the sack of Rome in 410 and Hobbs notes that there are no more hoards from
Italy in the period ad 395–410 than for the rest of the fifth century.8 Instead he argues that hoarding
is a reflection of social behaviour and he suggests that in some regions (he cites East Anglia and
the Urals), ‘the populations … just liked to bury precious metals’.9 Aitchison and Guest had already
suggested that we need to look beyond the traditional ‘threat and response’ model in understand-
ing hoarding in the Roman period:10 see also Bradley’s and Haselgrove’s discussions of prehistoric
hoards11 and the discussion of the Frome hoard below.
By contrast when prehistorians nowadays discuss hoarding and the deposition of valuable objects
they generally assume that objects are deposited for votive reasons, but this has not always been
1
Grierson 1975, 134−59.
2
For example, Laing 1969, 52−68.
3
For example, Casey 1986, 51−67; Reece 1987, 46−70; Burnett 1991, 51−7; Reece 2002, 67−88; Blackburn 2005,
10−17; Blackburn 2011, 585−8.
4
Reece 2002, 72.
5
Hobbs 2006, 120−34.
6
Bland 1997.
7
Hobbs 2006, 129.
8
Hobbs 2006, 129.
9
Hobbs 2006, 133.
10
Aitchison 1988; Guest 1994 and 2005.
11
Bradley 2015; Haselgrove 2015.
so.12 Such an explanation is very rarely applied to medieval or post-medieval hoards, as votive
deposition has not traditionally been thought to fit into the Christian tradition, but that view is
now increasingly being been challenged.13 This makes the Iron Age/Roman transition a key period
for study in any discussion of why hoards were buried in Britain.14
In his discussion of early medieval coin finds, Blackburn proposes another method of classi-
fying hoards, by analysing how the elements in the hoards were put together, rather than the
circumstances of their burial.15 He notes that many hoards had complicated histories and that a
single hoard could contain several distinct elements, citing as an example a hoard of coins found
in Cambridge which contained 1,805 pennies of the period 1279–1351, no doubt drawn from
circulation over a period of time, with the addition of nine gold coins which were added in the
1350s.16 This is an important insight.
2.2. Treasure Trove and the Treasure Act 1996

In Britain for a long time discussion of hoarding was complicated by the common law of Treasure
Trove, under the terms of which only those hoards that had been buried by their owners with the
intention of later recovery qualified as Treasure Trove and so became crown property.17 Suggestions
that finds such as the hoard of several thousand Iron Age coins looted by metal detector users from
the site of a Romano-Celtic temple at Wanborough, Surrey, in 1985 could have been buried for
votive reasons became difficult because they had the effect of placing such finds outside the protec-
tion of the law.18 When it was suggested that the Hoxne late Roman treasure of 580 gold and 14,654
silver coins and some 200 items of gold and silver plate and jewellery could have been buried for
votive reasons and thus not Treasure Trove, curators at the British Museum, the present writer
included, reacted with alarm.19 This difficulty was removed by the passage of the 1996 Treasure Act
which replaced the old subjective criteria for Treasure Trove with a new, objective, definition of
Treasure20 which specified that finds from votive contexts would qualify as Treasure.21
12
See Bradley 1988; Bradley 1998; Needham 1988; Hill 1995. Scholars used to interpret such deposits as being connected
with warfare: for example, Evans (1881) states: ‘these (Bronze Age) hoards seem to be of more than one character.
In certain cases they seem to have been the treasured property of some individual who would appear to have buried
his valued tools or weapons during troublous times, and never to have been able to disinter them. In other cases the
hoards were probably the property of a trader, as they consist of objects ready for use and in considerable numbers;
and in others they appear to have been the stock-in-trade of some bronze-founder of ancient times, as they comprise
worn out and broken tools and weapons, lumps of rough metal, and even the moulds in which the accumulation of
bronze was destined to be recast.’ Fifty years later this interpretation can still be found: Kendrick speaks of ‘these two
groups of hoards [of the Bronze Age] may be taken to indicate, first, definite invaders from the West Alpine region,
coming by way of N. France … and imposing themselves in the Lowland zone…’ (Hawkes and Kendrick 1932, 135).
13
Petts 2003 argues that many or most of the c.20 late Roman baptismal lead tanks found in Britain should be
regarded as having been buried for votive reasons; while Thomas 2008 argues that a hoard of Anglo-Saxon ironwork
from a settlement at Bishopstone, E. Sussex should be regarded as votive and Ottaway 2009 for a hoard of Anglo-Saxon
iron tools from Flixborough, N. Lincolnshire. See also Hobbs 2006, Bradley 2015 and Naylor 2015.
14
Aitchison 1988 suggests that some Roman coin hoards may have been buried for votive reasons. He also makes an
important distinction between hoards buried with the province of Britain and those buried north of Hadrian’s Wall or
the Antonine Wall in Scotland: once coins were exported beyond the frontier their whole function changed.
15
Blackburn 2005, 13−14.
16
Blackburn 2005, 14: for the Cambridge hoard see Allen 2005.
17
Hill 1936.
18
O’Connell and Bird 1994.
19
Millett 1994; Johns 1994.
20
Bland 1996a.
21
DCMS 2003, 7–13.
HOARDING IN BRITAIN: AN OVERVIEW 9
2.3. Hoards: a working definition
If we focus on the reasons why hoards were buried and not recovered, we can propose the following
categories: (a) accidental losses; (b) hoards buried with the intention of recovery and (c) hoards
deliberately abandoned for a variety of reasons, including votive. A further variation in this simple
categorisation is provided by the theory that at certain periods, for example after ad 296 when radi-
ates were replaced with nummi, it is possible that hoards which had been deliberately buried in the
ground were not recovered by their owners because the coins had been demonetised and therefore
were effectively worthless.22
This volume is concerned with hoarding and the deposition of artefacts in the ground in the broadest
sense and by hoard I mean any group of objects which have been deliberately brought together,
but not necessarily deliberately placed in the ground – so the contents of a purse lost by accident
would also count.
2.4. The rate of discovery of new finds
Britain has a very rich heritage of hoards of coins and metal artefacts and their study underpins
our understanding of how coins and other metal artefacts circulated in this country. The growth
of metal detecting from 1970 and the introduction of the Treasure Act and the Portable Antiquities
Scheme in 1997 have led to a great increase in the discovery and recording of hoards. Fig. 1 shows
the numbers of hoards of Roman coins discovered each year from the earliest records in the 15th
century ad to 2010, with data derived from Robertson’s Inventory23 and more recent finds reported
as Treasure: the steep increase in discoveries in the last twenty years is very apparent.
Fig. 2.1. Number of hoards of Iron Age and Roman coins recorded per annum, 1400–2015
22
Casey 1986, 65–6; Reece 2002, 77.
23
Robertson 2000.
Much has been written on what hoards can tell us about coinage, or, for example, Bronze Age met-
alwork and there have been many studies of hoards of different periods, but there have been few
attempts at an overview of hoarding across time.24
First of all we need to examine the nature of the data. The rate of discovery – and recording – of
hoards has grown enormously in recent years, especially since the advent of metal detecting in the
early 1970s. Fig. 2 is an analysis of the date of discovery of the 695 hoards of radiates in our study.
The oldest discoveries were recorded by Leland in the 1530s and one can see a steady increase in
finds up to the 1970s. The reason for the small dip in the 1980s and 1990s is not clear, but the
number has been climbing again since the introduction of the Treasure Act in 1997 and there are
now around 8 new hoards of radiates each year.
This is in contrast to the pattern of discovery of hoards of coins of the English Civil War, between
1640 and 1650, the subject of a recent study by Edward Besly and Norman Briggs.25 In fig. 2.2 I
compare the rate of discovery or first publication of hoards of the Civil War period with those
of the Roman period. The difference is interesting: the two types of hoard keep in step down to
about 1980 when the rate of discovery of Roman hoards increases dramatically, while there is only
a modest increase in the number of Civil War hoards being found. The difference is due to metal
detecting: the great majority of Roman hoards are now found through metal detecting, whereas
Civil War hoards are most likely to be found during building work with a much smaller proportion
found through metal detecting, as Besly and Briggs have shown.26
Fig. 2.2. Rate of discovery of Roman hoards and hoards of the Civil War period compared (data on Civil War hoards
from Besly and Briggs 2013)
24
Naylor and Bland 2015 are papers from a conference which looked at hoarding in Britain from the Bronze Age to
the post-medieval period. Blackburn carried out a similar analysis for hoards of coins of the period 450−1180: see
Blackburn 2005, p. 26, figs. 1 and 2. The pattern he obtained is very similar to the one for Roman hoards.
25
Besly and Briggs 2013.
26
Besly and Briggs 2013, 166−72.
I should note here that for many of the older hoards the information we have is often very sketchy.
There are 383 hoards which cannot be attributed to a period at all and for many more we only
have a vague or incomplete list of emperors. We do not know the total number of coins for 657
hoards. We are generally better informed on their findspots: we can map all but eight of them, of
which there are four that cannot be attributed to a county, while another four cannot be specifi-
cally located within a county. But we have to expect this given that we are dealing with a body of
material that has been recorded over the last 430 years.
2.5. The pattern of hoarding in Britain, prehistory to the twentieth

century
To introduce this subject I have attempted a very approximate and high level overview of coin
hoards from Britain. This has been compiled from a number of sources. For the Iron Age and Roman
periods, we now have the data gathered by the Coin Hoards project, summarised in the checklist
in this volume. The early medieval data is based on the list held by the Fitzwilliam’s Early Medieval
Coin database27 and the medieval figure on Allen (2012), kindly updated by Murray Edwards. The
post-medieval figure is based on Brown and Dolley 1971, which goes up to 1967, with an estimate
of the number of more recent finds and for the Civil War period we have Edward Besly’s updated
summaries.28
TABLE 2.1. Approximate total number of coin hoards from Britain by period
Period Quantity
Iron Age (c.200 bc – c.ad 50) 355
Iron Age and Roman, mixed (c.90 bc – ad 161) 53
Roman (c.100 bc– ad 474) 3,017
Early Medieval (410–1180) 588
Medieval (1180–1544) 605
Post–medieval (1544–1967) 797
Total 5,415
These figures are for coin hoards. No comparable exercise has been carried out for hoards of metal-
work, although there are projects to study those of the Bronze Age, Iron Age and Roman periods.29
There are a few hoards from all periods from the Iron Age onwards that lack coins – the Mildenhall
Treasure,30 the Staffordshire hoard31 and a number of Viking hoards, such as the Huxley hoard32
(many more Viking hoards do include coins). The total is around 5,415 and the Roman period
dominates.
27
See Blackburn 2003 and 2005 for an analysis of early medieval hoards. The Corpus of Early Medieval Coin Finds can
be found at http://www.fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk/dept/coins/emc/.
28
See Blackburn 2003 and 2005 for an analysis of early medieval hoards. The Corpus of Early Medieval Coin Finds can
be found at http://www.fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk/dept/coins/emc/.
29
There are c.1,063 Bronze Age hoards on the card index of Bronze Age finds held at the British Museum which lists
finds up to 1985 (now in the process of being digitised: see http://micropasts.org./data-centre/); an estimated 200
between 1985 and 2003 when the Treasure Act was extended to include these hoards and 150 since then (information
from Dr Ben Roberts and Dr Neil Wilkin; on Bronze Age gold see Murgia, Roberts and Wiseman 2014). 210 hoards
of Iron Age metalwork are known (Colin Haselgrove, pers. comm.): these are currently the subject of a PhD by Rachel
Wilkinson (University of Leicester) who has details of 239 hoards without coins. Hoards of Roman metalwork are
being studied as a PhD by Rachael Sycamore (University of Leicester) and she has collected details of 559 hoards, of
which 273 consist of metalwork objects only and 286 are mixed hoards of coins and objects (the mixed hoards are
included in the checklist in this volume).
30
Hobbs 2012; Hobbs 20−16.
31
Leahy and Bland 2014.
32
Graham-Campbell and Philpott 2010.
Fig. 2.3 summarises the number of coin hoards from the Iron Age to 1937. This chart only reflects
the number of coin hoards that have been recovered from these periods and it in no way reflects their
value, which can range enormously from a handful of base metal nummi of the 4th century to the
c.15,000 gold and silver coins and 200 items of gold and silver jewellery and plate in the Hoxne
treasure.33
Fig. 2.4 provides a more detailed analysis of the Iron Age and Roman periods, from c.120 bc to c. ad
491. There are lesser peaks between c.50 and c.20 bc, in the reign of Nero (ad 54–68) and in the 160s
ad, when we have many hoards of silver denarii. There is then a huge spike in the radiate period,
between 268 and 296. In the 4th century the number of hoards is higher than in the early empire
but it is much lower than at the end of the 3rd century, but there is a final peak at the very end of
the period, between about 395 and 410. Map 31 shows the distribution of all Iron Age and Roman
hoards on the database.
Fig. 2.3 Numbers of coin hoards deposited per annum, c.200 bc–ad 1937
The early medieval pattern (Fig. 2.5) is interesting and has been commented on by Blackburn (2003
and 2005). Most of the hoards are quite closely dated. During the 5th and 6th centuries there is
very little coinage in Britain (although recent work shows that it was not entirely absent) and this is
reflected in the very low number of hoards. These start to increase with the resumption of coinage
in the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms after 600 and there is an initial peak at the start of the 8th century.
There is then a decline and hoards start to become more frequent in the mid-9th century – and the
period of Alfred the Great. This presumably reflects two things – the pattern of coin production and
the incidence of Viking raids, so well attested in the historical sources. The dip in the early tenth
century is interesting – could that reflect a respite from Viking attacks?34 There is then a spike in the
early 970s, presumably connected with Edgar’s recoinage of 973, and numbers then rise again for
33
Value is of course a relative concept and varied over time and place. The value of an individual deposit may lie in its
reason for deposition and in the choice of object buried rather than the material from which it is made. Hobbs 2006
developed the concept of ‘equivalent gold weight’ as a means of comparing the relative values of late Roman and early
Byzantine precious-metal hoards.
34
Although there are some large Viking hoards of this period, such as Cuerdale (Graham-Campbell and Ager 2011)
and Silverdale (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silverdale_Hoard, accessed January 2014).
Fig. 2.4. Numbers of hoards deposited per annum, c.200 bc–ad 491
Fig. 2.5. Numbers of hoards deposited per annum, ad 491–1180

Fig. 2.6. Numbers of hoards deposited per annum, ad 1180–1937
the next 150 years, with a peak in the decade of 1060–70 – i.e. the time of the Norman conquest.
There is then a decline under William II and Henry I and another increase in the reign of Stephen
– the anarchy.
In the next period, covering 750 years from Henry II’s introduction of short cross coinage in 1180
to 1937 (Fig. 2.6), things seem to settle down. The main feature of this period seems to be the great
stability throughout this long period, with a modest increase under Elizabeth I and a dramatic spike
at the time of the Civil War in the decade 1639–49 (see pp. 10 and 20–1).
So once we move past the Roman period it is very difficult to divorce the incidence of hoarding –
and it must always be remembered that we only study the unrecovered hoards – we have no means
of knowing how many more hoards were buried by their owners and subsequently recovered – and
times of unrest, whether it be the Viking attacks in the ninth to eleventh centuries, the Norman
Conquest or the Civil War. This prompts the question whether hoarding in a time of unrest can
always be seen as a way of concealing items of value, or could some of these hoards have been
buried for votive reasons, as a magical way for providing protection to the community perhaps? Be
that as it may, the threat of invasion at the time of the Napoleonic Wars is not reflected here.
2.6. Hoarding in the prehistoric period
No one would question the votive nature of deposits of Bronze Age metalwork. Yates and Bradley
demonstrated a correlation between these deposits and river valleys, especially near the source
of rivers (fig. 2.7).35 In that paper they also made the fascinating observation that ‘For some time
it has been obvious that metal detectorists have been extraordinarily fortunate in locating pre-
viously unrecorded hoards. The same people have found them on a number of different occa-
sions. Discussions with the finders have made it clear that this did not happen by chance. Long
35
Yates and Bradley 2010a and 2010b.
Fig. 2.7. Finds of Bronze Age metalwork in Hampshire/West Sussex (Yates and Bradley 2010a)
before prehistorians had realized that the siting of hoards might follow topographic ‘rules’, metal
detectorists had reached the same conclusion’.36
It is similarly clear that the Salisbury hoard was also votive in nature. This consists of over 600
Bronze Age and Iron Age objects dug up by two detectorists just outside Salisbury in about 1985 and
sold to a dealer. It was subsequently investigated by Ian Stead of the British Museum (Stead 1998).
But what was the reason for the burial of the gold cup dating to mid-Bronze Age found by detector
user Cliff Bradshaw at Ringlemere in Kent in 2001?37 It was buried in a Bronze Age barrow, overlaid
by an Anglo-Saxon cemetery: is it from a grave or was it also buried for votive reasons?
Similarly it is hardly controversial to suggest that Iron Age hoards such as the deposits of torcs
(and coins) from Snettisham in Norfolk might have been buried for ritual reasons.38 The hoards of
coins from Hallaton, Leicestershire, also seem to have been buried in the ground for ritual purposes
rather than with the intention of recovery.39 After an amateur archaeologist, Ken Wallace, discov-
ered a number of Iron Age coins in 2000 the University of Leicester Archaeology Services carried
out an excavation on the site between 2001 and 2003. They recovered a total of 5,292 coins in 16
separate groups. The nature of the site remains difficult to interpret – it is on a hillside and there
is an enclosure surrounded by a ditch – and it seems to have been a place where the local people
gathered for ritual feasting as large amounts of animal bones were discovered. At one point, in an
entrance way through the ditch, 14 separate deposits of coins were found while a further away
there the remains of Roman cavalry helmet contained 1,170 coins and a final deposit of 142 coins
and silver objects a little further away still (fig. 2.8; pl. 13 and 14). It is difficult to interpret these
deposits as having been buried with the intention of recovery as they were so close to each other
and all the signs are they were buried for ritual purposes.40 What is interesting is the association of
1170 Iron Age coins with a Roman helmet – it is thought to be early 1st century ad – while radio-car-
36
Yates and Bradley 2010a, 30.
37
Needham et al. 2006.
38
Stead 1991.
39
Leins 2007; Score 2011.
40
However it has been suggested that the hoards could have been buried with the intention of recovery at the time
of the Roman invasion.
Fig. 2.8. Hallaton deposits (Leins 2007)
bon dates of the pits suggests the site was being used down to the 50s ad, so into the early years of
the Roman occupation.
But why were 39 gold Iron Age staters dating to c. 50 bc found inside a cow bone placed in the
ground? This hoard was found during the excavations at Sedgeford in Norfolk in 2003.41 And yet
presumably hoards were also buried with the intention of recovery in the Iron Age – for example
the hoard of 840 gold staters found by two detector users at Dallinghoo in Suffolk in 2008: the
largest hoard of Iron Age gold coins to have been recorded from Britain (no. 280, pl. 2).42
41
Dennis and Faulkner 2005.
42
de Jersey 2014, 227; British Museum 2010, cat. 471.
2.7. Contextual evidence for Roman hoards
So do any Roman hoards have contexts that might provide clues as to why they were buried? Some
Roman coin hoards do have contextual information that suggests a different reason for burial. The
Corbridge hoard of 162 gold aurei (no. 770, Macdonald 1914), closing in 160, may have been buried
by the garrison at Corbridge in response to a raid across the Wall, although it could also be a foun-
dation deposit (figs. 4.17 and 4.18).
Hoards can also be associated with human burials. One recent find from Beverston (Gloucestershire,
no. 1775, pl. 3), consisted of two pots: a smaller one containing 1,446 Roman coins (radiates closing
with issues of ad 282), while the larger one has been x-rayed and found to contain a human cremation
together with another 10 coins closing with Tetricus (no. 1430).
Fig. 2.9. Hoard of ‘barbarous radiates’ from Cardiff Castle (no. 1684; author)
Sometimes, it seems, hoards could be deliberately thrown away. A hoard of 625 small module
radiate copies (fig. 2.9), the so-called ‘barbarous radiates, dating to c.274, was excavated by archae-
ologists from what was interpreted as a rubbish pit in the Roman fort at Cardiff Castle in 2006
(no. 1684). It seems surprising that metal objects would be thrown away, but it does seem to have
happened in this case.
Hoards can also be buried in several pots, such as the example from Chalfont St Peter, Buckinghamshire
(fig. 2.10, no. 1725), which contained three pots of coins, all radiates of the third century ad, where
Fig. 2.10. Chalfont St Peter hoard (no. 1725; author)
the coins were carefully graded in each pot with the earlier, better quality, radiates in two pots and
the later, more debased issues in a third container.43
It is easy to assume that in a period when both hoards and the coins in them are very abundant,
the deposition of the hoard is likely to take place quite soon after the date of the latest coin. This
is certainly the case with the very numerous hoards of the second half of the third century ad.
However, a hoard of 3,875 third-century radiates to the reign of Probus (276–82) from Bredon Hill,
Worcestershire (no. 1745, figs. 5.21 and 22), challenged that assumption, as archaeological inves-
tigation of the findspot concluded that the hoard was buried inside a building and that the pit cut
for the vessel containing the coins disturbed the latest layer of that building which was dated to not
before 350, 70 years later than the latest coins: this is discussed in more detail in chapter 5 (p. 69).
Of course hoards vary enormously in size and clearly we should not assume the same motive
behind the deposition of a very modest hoard such as eight nummi of the fourth and early fifth
centuries found at Whittington in Northumberland (no. 3027; fig. 6.3; see pp. 109–10) with a find
like the Hoxne treasure of 580 gold and 14,654 silver coins and some 200 items of gold and silver
jewellery, buried some time after ad 407 (no. 3033), and clearly belonged to a wealthy family (see
pp. 113–16).44 One is put in mind of the entry in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, under 418: ‘In this
year the Romans collected all the treasures which were in Britain and hid some in the earth so that
no one afterwards could find them, and some they took with them into Gaul’.45 Although this was
written more than 450 years later, it does seem to preserve the memory of an event that took place
at the end of Roman rule in Britain.
43
Bland 1992; see also Callu 1979 on the subject of multiple hoards.
44
Guest 2005; Johns 2010.
45
Garmonsway 1972, 11.
Some Roman hoards clearly are votive in character. The Ashwell find of 27 gold and silver objects,
including gold jewellery, a silver figurine and votive plaques of silver alloy and gold (pl. 4) was
originally made by a detector user in 2002 and the site was subsequently investigated by archaeolo-
gists.46 The hoard dates to the later 3rd or 4th century ad and it must have been connected to a tem-
ple or shrine of the hitherto unknown goddess Senuna, who is named on five of the gold plaques.
But what about the Water Newton hoard of Christian silver (pl. 5)?47 As Painter has demonstrated,
that is also clearly religious in character, but could it have been buried for votive reasons? Since the
hoard consists of items used for communion and therefore votive deposition may not be appro-
priate, this hoard has been interpreted as having been buried for safe-keeping, although scholars are
now more willing to believe that specifically Christian artefacts could have been buried as a votive
act in the late Roman world: Petts suggests this as a reason for the deposition of lead baptismal
tanks in late Roman Britain.48
On the other hand it is reasonable to assume that the 12,595 Roman coins found in the excavations
of the Sacred Spring of the Roman baths at Bath (no. 2770), which come from the whole period of
Roman occupation of Britain are not a hoard, but had been thrown into the sacred spring rather as
we throw coins into fountains today.49 Other finds like this are known from Coventina’s Well (no.
3320),50 the Thames at London Bridge and Piercebridge in Co. Durham.51
The circumstances of burial of the Frome hoard highlighted the fact that an unquestioning
assumption that all coin hoards of the Roman period were buried for safekeeping, following the
threat and response model, looks increasingly difficult to sustain (pp. 71–2). We have seen that
other hoards of Roman precious-metal objects seem to have been buried for votive reasons, so could
not this also provide an explanation for at least some coin hoards?
The very frequency with which Roman coin hoards have been found has curiously tended to work
against systematic studies of their context and reasons for burial, as those concerned with their
study have normally not had time to do more than to record their contents. For that reason the
‘Hoarding in Iron Age and Roman Britain’ project was initiated and the parallel volume, Bland
et al., Iron Age and Roman Coin Hoards in Britain (Oxbow, forthcoming), contains the results of a
detailed examination of the contexts of Iron Age and Roman coin hoards.
2.8. Survival factors
In any discussion of the body of hoards that survives for study today we need to bear in mind that
we only know of those finds that were never recovered by their owners, either because they were
unable to do so (because they were killed or forced to flee and unable to return), or because they
never intended to (because they were buried for ritual purposes), or because it was not worth their
while to do so (they were abandoned as worthless). It is also worth considering here that one pos-
sible factor in the large number of hoards that survive from certain periods, such as the later third
century ad, may be their very size, reflecting the fact that the radiate was highly debased and was
therefore produced and hoarded in large numbers, and that this has made them more visible in the
archaeological record and more readily recoverable by metal detecting (chapter 5).
46
DCMS 2004, cat. 27; Jackson and Burleigh 2007.
47
Painter 1977, 1999 and 2006. This is a different find from the hoard of 30 solidi from Water Newton (no. 2360).
48
Petts 2003.
49
Walker 1988.
50
Allason-Jones and McKay 1985.
51
Walton 2008. See Painter 2015 for a thought-provoking critique of the interpretation of Roman deposits as votive.
2.9. Hoarding in the medieval period
Post-Roman hoards are generally assumed to have been buried with the intention of recovery.
Hoards of silver of the Viking period are well-known from Britain and Ireland, the best known
recent example being the Vale of York hoard, discovered by detector users in 2007 and the largest
Viking Age hoard since Cuerdale was discovered in 1840.52 Gareth Williams and Barry Ager were
able to connect its burial with the events surrounding Athelstan gaining control over the kingdom
of Northumbria in 927 (Williams and Ager 2010). Similarly the large hoard of 1,237 gold coins and
jewellery of the 15th century found during building work at Fishpool in Nottinghamshire in 1966
can be associated with known events during the Wars of the Roses (Archibald and Cherry 1966). It
was probably deposited some time between winter 1463 and summer 1464, during a Lancastrian
rebellion against Edward IV.
2.10. Hoards of the English Civil War
In 1974 John Kent discussed coin hoards buried at the time of the English Civil War.53 He argued
that there was no correlation between the storm centres of the war and the location of the hoards,
apart from a cluster around Newark on Trent, besieged three times in 1644–6. His distribution maps
are shown below (Fig. 2.11).
Fig. 2.11. Distributions of peacetime and Civil War hoards (Kent 1974)
52
Williams and Ager 2010.
53
Kent 1974.
Fig. 2.12. Hoards closing with coins of Charles I (Besly 2015)
However, this work has been revisited by Edward Besly who has able to add in many new hoards
discovered since 1974 and, by analysing these much more closely according to the year of issue
of the latest coin, he is able to show that there is a correlation between the hoards and the areas
of fighting – which are well documented (fig. 2.12).54 We can, therefore, conclude that the general
pattern of hoarding at this time does support the threat model, as does Pepys’s slightly later account
of how he buried a hoard of coins.
2.11. Two documented cases of hoarding
In his diary Pepys provides one of the few documented accounts that we have of the burial and
recovery of a coin hoard.55 In June 1667, deeply concerned by the raid of the Dutch up the Medway
and Thames, Pepys took all the gold coins he could lay his hands on in London (£2,300 worth)
and sent his wife and servant to bury them on the family estate in Brampton in present-day
Cambridgeshire. In October, when the threat had past, he went back to retrieve them but had great
difficulty finding where his wife had hidden the coins and, even after a great deal of digging, ended
up £20–£30 short of the amount that had been buried. This is a good example of deliberate burial
of wealth under threat of invasion, with the intention of recovery.
54
Besly 2015: see also Besly 1987, and Besly and Briggs 2013
55
Painter and Künzl 1997
Pepys’s account is well-known. A more recent example is provided by the discovery in 2007 of a
hoard US gold ‘double eagles’ ($40 coins) in the garden of a house in Hackney.56 While digging out
a pond in the garden of the property, residents of the block of flats there came on a glass kilner jar
containing 80 of these coins, which dated to between 1853 and 1913 (pl. 6 and 7).
This was an unprecedented discovery and prompted a programme of research into the building
where the find was made. The current building dates to the early 1950s, replacing an earlier house
which was destroyed in the Blitz in 1940. Extensive research was undertaken to see if might be
possible to trace past residents to identify who might have buried the coins, but the flats had
been used as nurse’s accommodation and married quarters for the police and there were too many
possibilities.
In October 2010 the coroner opened his inquest on the hoard in order to publicise the discovery
to see if any claimants might come forward. Although no claimants did reveal themselves, a local
historian, Mr Alan Selby, contacted the British Museum with a vital piece of evidence. He discov-
ered that the Hackney Gazette for 14 March 1952 (fig. 2.13) had published an account of a coroner’s
inquest held on another hoard, also consisting of US gold coins, which had been found in the gar-
den of the same house. The news report said that the 1952 hoard had been claimed by its owner,
Mr Martin Sulzbacher and it was then possible to make contact with his son, Max Sulzbacher, now
living in Jerusalem, and through him the whole extraordinary story came out.
The coins had been smuggled out of Germany by
Martin Sulzbacher, a German Jewish banker, who
came to England as a refugee in 1938 and was
subsequently joined by his parents, brother and
other members of his family. Martin Sulzbacher
bought the house in Hackney and lived there with
his family. He put his coins in a safe deposit box
in a bank in the City. In 1940 he was interned
as an enemy alien and was sent to Canada on the
‘Arandora Star’ but the ship was torpedoed on the
way. Rescued after many hours in the water, he was
then sent to Australia on the ‘Dunera’, an equally
gruelling passage. At the end of 1941 he returned
to England – having travelled round the world –
and, after a spell in internment in the Isle of Man
was eventually released. His wife and four children
were sent to the Women’s Internment Camp in the
Isle of Man.
The remaining members of the Sulzbacher family
continued to live in the Hackney house. In the
Fig. 2.13. Hackney Gazette, 14 March 1952 summer of 1940 Mr Sulzbacher’s brother trans-
ferred the coins from the city safe and buried them
in the back garden. At the time the threat of invasion was at its height and the family feared the
Germans would break open safe deposits as they had done in Amsterdam should the invasion be
successful. His brother told a family friend what he had done and the friend had asked him to let
him know the exact spot in the garden where the coins had been buried. He replied that since there
were five family members who knew the spot there was no necessity to reveal the location of the
coins. Tragically, on 24 September 1940, the house received a direct hit in the Blitz and all the five
members of the family were killed (fig. 2.14).
56
Richardson 2013.
Fig. 2.14. Bomb damage to the Sulzbachers’ house in Hackney (September 1940)
On his release Mr Sulzbacher went to the safe in the city and found it empty. The family friend
then told him what had happened and so he arranged for the garden – by that stage a bomb site – to
be searched but without success. However, in 1952 as work commenced on a new building on the
site of Mr Sulzbacher’s house, a hoard of 82 $20 American gold coins dating to 1890 was discovered
in a glass jar. The hoard was awarded to Mr Sulzbacher by the coroner at the time. The coroner
resumed his inquest on the second jar of coins on 18 April 2011 and heard this new evidence and
determined that the coins were the property of Martin Sulzbacher’s son Max and his three brothers
and sisters. So both Pepys and Martin Sulzbacher buried hoards for safekeeping.
12. Conclusions
The evidence does suggest that most hoards from the Early Medieval period onwards were buried
with the intention of recovery, as well as some hoards of Iron Age and Roman coins, but we do
need to keep an open mind. Equally it looks as though a significant number of hoards from the
Roman period may have been buried for votive or ritual reasons. At present we need to be very
cautious in over-interpreting individual hoards or groups of hoards without contextual evidence.
Because coin hoards have been studied by numismatists, all too often too little attention has been
paid to their contexts and that is especially true in the last forty years when so many new finds
have been reported through metal detecting: the resources have not been there to carry out a full
contextual study of all of these, although where this has been done, as in the case of the Bredon Hill
or Frome hoards, that has proved to be very revealing. Archaeologists who study hoards of Bronze
Age objects have been much more likely to carry out an investigation of the context. The best way
to understand the reasons for hoarding better is to carry out a systematic survey of the contexts of
these hoards, and this will be discussed in our other volume.57
57
Bland et. al., forthcoming.
CHAPTER 3
THE IRON AGE–ROMAN TRANSITION

TO AD 69
3.1. Introduction
When Claudius invaded Britain in ad 43 there was already a tradition of coin use stretching back to
the 2nd century bc, and de Jersey’s recent corpus provides details of 307 Iron Age coin hoards, while
Robertson’s work on Roman hoards provided details of some 1,990.1 These two corpora have now
been updated by Eleanor Ghey in her work on the Hoarding in Iron Age and Roman Britain project
and consequently the present volume is able to draw on records of 430 pre-Conquest and 2,996
post-Conquest hoards.
With a few exceptions, hoards of Iron Age and Roman coins have tended to be studied separately.2
For the first generation after the Roman conquest of Britain, and in some areas for longer, the two
types of coins circulated side by side and they were hoarded together.3 This project has provided
an opportunity to look at the two types of coins together. Hoards provide a unique insight into the
way in which Roman coinage displaced Iron Age coinages in the new province of Britain after ad
43. Hoards give us information about coin circulation that cannot be obtained from the study of
single finds, although in order to put this into context I will also discuss the data on stray finds in
the database of the Portable Antiquities Scheme (PAS).
A substantial group of hoards – fifty-five in all – combine Iron Age and Roman coins (Table 3.3) and
these are a particular focus of this chapter. I would not, however, suggest that there was continuity
of coin use between the Iron Age and Roman periods, because the two coinages were very different.4
3.2. Hoarding, c.200 bc–ad 69: the broad pattern
Iron Age coinage is not so closely dateable as Roman coinage, so this is a fairly broad brush picture,
but it does seem clear that there is a peak in hoarding in the 50s bc, so doubt to be associated with
Caesar’s invasions of 55 and 54 bc, and then a lull between 20 bc and ad 10, an increase between ad
10 and 40 (roughly the reign of Cunobelin) and a peak after the Roman invasion of ad 43.5
The geographical distribution of all hoards from Britain down to ad 41 is shown in map 1 (single
finds recorded by the PAS coins shown as lighter coloured dots). Hoards are mostly concentrated
in the south and east. Maps 2 and 3 show the hoards closing in ad 41–54 and 54–69 respectively.
1
de Jersey 2014; Robertson 2000.
2
Exceptions are Colin Haselgrove (2006), John Creighton (1994 and 2005) and Chris Howgego (2013), although it
would be fair to say that, with the exception of two papers by John Creighton, who makes this very point (Creighton
2005, 69), these scholars have been mainly concerned with single finds rather than hoards.
3
On the function of Iron Age coinage see Haselgrove 1979 and Creighton 2000; on that of Roman coinage see Reece
1979 and Walton 2012, while Howgego 2013 is an ambitious synthesis of the development of money in the Iron Age
and Roman periods across northern Europe. Naylor and Bland 2015 is the publication of a conference on hoarding in
Britain from the Bronze Age to the seventeenth century.
4
See the works cited in n. 2.
5
For the Roman conquest of Britain see Mattingly 2006, Birley 2005, Frere 1991, Salway 1981, Webster and Dudley
1973 and the useful maps in Jones and Mattingly 1990.
3.3. Pre-Flavian Roman coins in Britain
Before examining the hoards that include mixed Roman and Iron Age coins and early Roman coins,
it is helpful to consider the background of Roman coin circulation taken from PAS data.6 Over 4,000
coins from the Roman Republic to ad 69 have been recorded and this is their chronological distri-
bution (Table 1):
TABLE 3.1. Summary of early Roman coins on the PAS database (downloaded 1 August 2017)
Dates Gold Silver Bronze All
Republic c.211–31 bc 0 1,777 17 1,794
Augustus 31 bc–ad 14 1 244 34 279
Tiberius 14–37 8 236 31 275
Caligula 37–41 0 13 48 61
Claudius 41–54 4 44 825 873
Nero pre-reform 54–64 0 10 0 10
Nero post-reform 64–8 11 118 363 492
Civil Wars 68–9 0 18 0 18
Galba 68–9 1 66 12 79
Otho 69 2 44 0 46
Vitellius 69 0 125 2 127
Total 27 2,695 1332 4,054
These reigns are of very different lengths, so Table 2 shows the numbers of coins per annum:
TABLE 3.2. Number of early Roman coins per annum on PAS database (downloaded 1 August 2017)
Dates Gold per annum Silver per annum Bronze per annum All per annum
Republic c.211–31 bc 0 9.87 0.09 9.97
Augustus 31 bc–ad 14 0.04 5.95 0.83 6.80
Tiberius 14–37 0.35 10.26 1.35 11.96
Caligula 37–41 0 3.25 12 15.25
Claudius 41–54 0.31 3.38 63.46 67.15
Nero pre-ref 54–64 0 1 0 1
Nero post-ref 64–8 2.75 29.50 90.75 123
Civil Wars 68–9 0 36 0 36
Galba 68–9 1.71 113.50 20.57 135.44
Otho 69 8 176 0 184
Vitellius 69 0 187.50 3 190.50
Fig. 3.1 maps the distribution of silver and fig. 3.2 that of bronze coins, with different symbols for
each reign. Both denominations are widely distributed across England and Wales, with clustering
in areas of significant military occupation.
Pl. 8 shows that there was a very steep rise in coin production from Nero’s reign with a peak in
ad 68–9, the year of the four emperors, a phenomenon already noted in my study of gold coinage
found in Britain. 7
In fact the increase in loss starts at the time of Nero’s reform, in ad 64, as the great majority of his
coins were struck after his coinage reform of ad 64. The numbers of coins of Otho and Vitellius are
so high in proportion to the length of their reigns, that it’s rather difficult to see the pattern of the
earlier coinages. Pl. 9 shows the coin loss per annum down to ad 64:
Pl. 8 and 9 just show the actual numbers of coins recorded by PAS, but they do not at all reflect their
value. If we convert the gold and silver denominations to their value in copper alloy asses, we get
a very different picture (pl. 10).
6
See Walton 2012, Howgego 2013, Moorhead 2013, Creighton 2014.
7
Bland and Loriot 2010, 107.
THE IRON AGE–ROMAN TRANSITION TO AD 69 27
Fig. 3.1. Silver coins from the Republic to Nero recorded by PAS (courtesy Katherine Robbins)
Fig. 3.2. Roman bronze coins from the Republic to Nero recorded by PAS (courtesy Katherine Robbins)
There are several important observations to be taken from this. First, although only 28 gold coins
have been recorded, these are not insignificant in terms of their value. Secondly, there is a very
regular flow of silver denarii from the Republic down to ad 69 and, although numbers are reduced
under Augustus, with an increase under Tiberius and then a further drop under Caligula, Claudius
and for the first ten years of Nero’s reign, they are still found in appreciable numbers for those
reigns, which I think has implications for dating hoards that close with denarii of Tiberius – I will
come back to this point. Finally, Roman bronze coins are rare until the reign of Caligula, when
there is a significant number, and a huge increase in the numbers of asses of Claudius (most of these
are contemporary copies), as is well-known,8 and another increase with Nero’s reform from ad 63 or
64. The bronze coins (back row), although they account for a third of all PAS coins, only contribute
a very small amount to the total value of coins lost, which is mostly comprised of the silver coinage.
The question arises as to when the coins struck before ad 43 entered Britain. Although many
Republican denarii are known from Britain – there are 1,777 on the PAS database9 – we know from
hoards that these coins continued in circulation down to the early 2nd century ad (it is believed
that most Republican issues they were withdrawn from circulation by Trajan10) – and it is nor-
mally assumed that most Republican denarii entered Britain after ad 43, for example by Walton and
Moorhead.11 A number of considerations show that Republican denarii were coming into Britain
before the Conquest:
(a) Haselgrove, followed by Walton and Moorhead, noted that two examples are known of
Republican denarii from excavated contexts pre-dating the conquest (Hayling Island, Hampshire
and Humberstone, Leicester), which is a low number,12 but then relatively few denarii of any
period come from securely dated archaeological contexts.
(b) Most significant, however, is the fact that analyses of silver coins of both the Atrebates and the
Corieltauvi suggest that Republican denarii were the most likely source of the coinage metal.13
(c) It is also undoubtedly the case that the designs found on many Iron Age coins of the last years
bc and first years ad were copied from Roman coins, showing that those responsible for the
types of these coins knew Roman issues.14
(d) Walton noted that there is a much higher proportion of Republican denarii of the decade 119–
110 bc among the finds recorded by PAS data than in hoards deposited after ad 43, suggesting
an injection of these coins into Britain at an earlier date.15 Walton and Moorhead conclude
that PAS data suggest that Republican issues may have been deposited within certain prehis-
toric ritual landscapes in the Witham Valley in Lincolnshire, the Isle of Wight and Berkshire.16
(e) Lastly, we may add the evidence of mixed hoards of Iron Age and Roman coins, which has
not previously been brought into the debate on when Republican coins came into Britain (see
below pp. 38–42).17
8
P.-A. Besombes in his publication of the large hoard of Claudian coins from the gué (ford) of Saint-Léonard,
Mayenne (Besombes 2005) has shown how many Claudian copies are from two ‘auxiliary’ mints in Lyon, and one in
Spain. Robert Kenyon is currently working on these coins in Britain.
9
M Antony’s legionary issue of 32−31 bc accounts for 388 of these.
10
Although the hoard evidence seems rather to point to withdrawal under Hadrian: see Reece 1987, 46−70.
11
Walton and Moorhead 2016, 837: ‘it is certainly true that a large proportion of Republican coinage arrived and was
lost after ad 43…’ In 1973 Kent believed Roman coinage only entered Britain after ad 43.
12
Haselgrove 2006, n. 54; Walton and Moorhead 2016, 837. Colin Haselgrove has also pointed out to the author (pers.
comm.) that there is also an Iron Age mirror burial from near Portesham, Dorset with a Roman Republican denarius
of c.86 bc (2010 T415). Haselgrove notes: `the burial could be post-Conquest, but this is also a strong candidate for a
pre-Conquest import.’
13
Atrebates: Northover 1992, 257; Fulford 1989, 178; Corieltauvi: research by Julia Farley cited by Walton and
Moorhead 2016, 837.
14
Creighton 2000.
15
Walton 2012, 73−4.
16
Walton and Moorhead 2016, 837.
17
However, Burnett has commented that the Republican denarii might have come to Britain fresh as part of a later
hoard, brought into Britain by one of the invading force or subsequently (pers. comm.).
There is thus a substantial body of evidence to show that Republican denarii did enter Britain before
ad 43 in significant quantities.
3.4. The tablets from the Bloomberg site in London
In Chapter 4 we will see how the writing tablets from the Roman fort at Vindolanda near Hadrian’s
Wall have given us a new insight into how the soldiers based at that fort used coins (pp. 46–7), and
now we have new insights from the tablets found on the Bloomberg site in the City of London,
recently published by Roger Tomlin.18 These all date from the first century ad and the great majority
of them are about business transactions of various kinds; many of them are about lending money.19
One document from ad 57, the earliest dated tablet in the group, shows that within fourteen years
of the Conquest the Romans were issuing financial instruments and making loans (which reminds
us that Tacitus states that one of the reasons why the Iceni revolted was over the calling in of
money lent to them by prominent Romans):
In the consulship of Nero Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus for the second time and of Lucius Calpurnius
Piso, on the 6th day before the Ides of January [8 January 57], I Tibullus the freedman of Venustus, have written
and say that I owe Gratus, the freedman of Spurius, 105 denarii from the price of the merchandise which has
been sold and delivered. This money I am due to repay him… 20
Another tablet could have been written today. It is incomplete and we do not know who the writer
was, or his relationship with the recipient, but it reads:
Because they are boasting throughout the whole market that you have lent them money. Therefore I ask you
in your own interest not to appear shabby … you will thus favour your own affairs… 21
More puzzling is the document from Atticus, dating to the 60s ad, that says:
I ask you by bread and salt that you send as soon as possible the 26 denarii in victoriati and the 10 denarii of
Paterio…22
Victoriati is another term for quinarii, or the half denarius coin. The puzzling thing is that no Roman
quinarii were being struck at this time: Andrew Burnett has wondered whether this could refer to
Iron Age silver units, which were about the right size for quinarii.23
Be that as it may, there is no doubt that in London within a generation after the Roman conquest,
if not before, money and specifically coinage, was in widespread use amongst the traders of the
City – just as it was in Vindolanda on Hadrian’s Wall at the end of the first century ad (see chapter
4). Britain, at least in London and on the frontier, seems to have become a money-using economy
remarkably quickly.
3.5. The disappearance of Iron Age gold coinage
In the Iron Age gold – particularly gold coinage – was widespread, but that this suddenly changed
in the Roman period (mirroring what had happened in Gaul a century earlier).24 This can be shown
by Figs. 3.3 and 3.4, which are based on the coins recorded by the Portable Antiquities Scheme. Fig.
3.3 shows the total number of coins recorded on the database and you can see that Roman coins far
18
Tomlin 2016.
19
Of the eighty inscribed tablets published by Tomlin, ten mention coins, with denarii mentioned seventeen times,
asses three times and victoriati once. This is very similar to the pattern in the Vindolanda tablets (Chapter 4, table 4.1).
20
Tomlin 2016, 152-5 <WT 44>.
21
Tomlin 2016, 152-5 <WT 44>.
22
Tomlin 2016, 152-5 <WT 44>.
23
Andrew Burnett pers. comm.
24
Haselgrove 2006.
Fig. 3.3. All coins recorded on PAS database by broad period
Fig. 3.4. All gold coins on the PAS database by broad period.
outnumber those of the Iron Age. However, Fig. 3.4 shows the number of gold coins recorded and
you can see that these are much more common from the Iron Age than the Roman period, while
Fig. 3.5 shows the proportion of gold coins recorded on the PAS database for each period.
The reason for the disappearance of gold coinage in the Roman period is not known, although it
should be noted that by the time of the Roman invasion in ad 43, silver and bronze had replaced
gold as the most frequently used coinage metal. This phenomenon was noted by Creighton, who
argued that in the Iron Age gold coins had been struck by the rulers to validate their kingship and
Fig. 3.5. Proportion of gold coins recorded on the PAS database
that the coins had been used for transactions ‘involving horsemen and chariots’, and that with the
coming of Roman rule these functions were no longer needed. 25 He noted that the main concen-
tration of gold coins shifted from the south and east in the Iron Age to the west and north after the
Roman conquest, reflecting the military zone of the new province.26 It is notable that in the group
of hoards of mixed Roman and Iron Age coins that were buried after ad 69 (Table 3(c)), Iron Age
gold coins are only present in very small numbers.
3.6. The Roman conquest of Britain
At this point, it would be helpful to summarise the progress of the Roman conquest of Britain.27
The first governor, Aulus Plautius, had established the frontier along the line of the Fosse Way
by the end of his term of office in ad 47 with three client kingdoms: the Regni centred on Sussex
under Cogidumnus; the Iceni in East Anglia under Prasutagus and the Brigantes in the North under
Cartimandua. Over the next 13 years the Romans campaigned principally in Wales, which proved
resistant to Roman rule, and also in the North of England. In ad 47–8 the Iceni staged a rebellion,
but were allowed to retain their status as a client kingdom, but in ad 60 Boudicca mounted a much
more serious challenge to Roman rule, which the governor Suetonius Paulinus was only able to
suppress after a time when the whole future of the Province had seemed in doubt. By ad 61, it seems
that the whole of England south of the Humber was under direct Roman rule and the client kingdoms
seem to have been swept away. By the end of the 70s the pacification of Wales was complete and
25
Creighton 2005, 83. For the Iron Age-Roman monetary transition see Reece 1979 and Creighton 1994.
26
Sam Moorhead comments (pers. comm.): ‘I have no doubt that the Roman authorities zealously guarded the mining
and use of gold (even coin) in the military provinces. This becomes much more noticeable in the later Empire. Put
simply I do not think the average person really had access to gold and that its circulation was generally restricted.’
Against this I would note that the analysis of findspots of Roman gold coins in Britain contained in Bland and Loriot
2010, 53–74, would seem to indicate that at most periods gold coins were broadly distributed across Britain, although
there are distinct concentrations in military sites and towns.
27
See the accounts on Roman Britain in note 3, especially Webster and Dudley 1973 and the maps in Jones and
Mattingly 1990.
Fig. 3.6. Hoards post-dating ad 43 with Iron Age coins only (courtesy Katherine Robbins)
in the 80s Agricola completed the annexation of northern England, pushing the frontier to the
borders of Scotland.
3.7. Hoards
Let us now turn to the hoards that straddle the transition between Iron Age and Roman coinage
in Britain.28 There are three main categories, (a) those that contain just Iron Age coins which may
post-date the Roman invasion, (b) those with just Roman coins and (c) mixed hoards.
I will deal with the first category, the Iron Age hoards, briefly, as they have been exhaustively
catalogued by Philip de Jersey. The main Iron Age coinages that traditionally have been thought to
have continued in production after ad 43 came from two peripheral areas, the territory of the Iceni,
in northern East Anglia, and the North Eastern region, traditionally identified as the territory of the
Corieltauvi in the East Midlands, although Colin Haselgrove has recently suggested that post-Con-
quest Iron Age coinage may be more extensive.29 The territory of the Iceni was not brought under
direct Roman rule until after the defeat of Boudicca in ad 61 and it seems that the Iceni continued
to strike coins for a few years after the Roman invasion of ad 43, although it is impossible to be
precise about this, and it may have been until c. ad 50, or it may have ceased earlier than that, in
c.ad 45. 30 The North Eastern region, on the other hand, seems to have been brought under direct
Roman rule by the first Governor, Aulus Plautius, between ad 43 and 47, so it is less clear why this
coinage continued for a few years after ad 43.31 In any case these coinages cannot be closely dateable
so we cannot be certain whether hoards that close with just these coins come from the 50s rather
than the two previous decades. There are sixty-seven hoards of Iron Age coins that could post-date
ad 43 and their distribution is shown in Fig. 3.6. They are predominantly from East Anglia and the
East Midlands and Yorkshire.
Sam Moorhead has recently drawn attention to a group of hoards, both of Iron Age coins exclusively
and of Iron Age and Roman coins, and also of single finds recorded by PAS, that may be connected
with the activities of Caratacus after the Roman invasion.32 Caratacus was one of the sons of
Cunobelin who, according to the historian Tacitus, led the resistance to the Romans from around
ad 49/50, seven years after Claudius’s invasion. He joined the Silures in south Wales, leading the
resistance to the Roman forces of the governor Ostorius Scapula (ad 47–52); Tacitus (Annals XII.33–
6)33 then tells us that he had to flee northwards and Graham Webster suggested that he made his
final stand in the Upper Severn Valley in Powys, where he fought a battle against the Romans in
which he was defeated and fled to the territory of the Brigantes, which included much of the north
of England.34 However, their Queen Cartimandua, another client ruler, handed him over to the
Romans. Moorhead has suggested that seven hoards of Roman and Iron Age coins of this period
28
See Mattingly 1932, Sutherland 1937, Orna-Ornstein 1997, Abdy 2002.
29
Haselgrove (2006, 105−6) suggests that some of the issues of Cunobelin, who died shortly before the invasion in
ad 43, may be posthumous, while he also suggests that the SOLIDV and AGR issues could also be post-Conquest.
Haselgrove has commented to the author (pers. comm.) that ‘on the ending of British coinage, Ian Leins has followed
the conventional view on Cunobelin, but allows the outlying series to continue to c.ad 45 (Dobunni, Durotriges)
or c.ad 50 (Corieltauvi, Iceni). John Talbot (2016) sees Icenian coinage continuing after the conquest [invasion] ‘in
a steady orderly way’ but does not offer a specific end date, other than the Boudiccan revolt. In truth, we just don’t
know.’
30
The latest scholar to have studied the Icenian coinage, John Talbot, concludes: ‘the terminus of the coinage has
been taken as the conquest in 43 ad. The assumption that Icenian coinage ceased after the conquest is based upon
analysis of the available evidence, including in particular the late hoards, but unfortunately as with the starting date
for the coinage, the evidence is not definitive and production may have continued for a few years post conquest’
(Talbot 2011, 80). Cottam et al. 2010, 90 propose that coinage continued to c.ad 47. See also Allen 1970 and Chadburn
1990 and 1992.
31
Cottam et al. 2010, 99−102 suggest the coinage continued until ad 47. See May 1994.
32
Moorhead forthcoming.
33
See Ireland 2008, 55−6.
34
Webster 1993. The ancient sources are usefully gathered together in Ireland 2008.
Fig. 3.7. Hoards possibly associated with Caratacus’s resistance to Roman rule (courtesy Katherine Robbins)
from Powys, Shropshire (2), Cheshire and Greater Manchester (2), Warwickshire and West Yorkshire
may be associated with Caratacus’s resistance (fig. 3.7), along with a number of single finds of early
denarii recorded by PAS from the Upper Severn Valley. To the extent that all these locations are
outside the normal circulation area of Iron Age and early Roman coins, there is an attraction in this
theory.35
Turning to the hoards of Roman coins with a terminal date of ad 69 or earlier (see chapter 4 for
later hoards), there are some 144 of these, 103 of which consist exclusively of Roman coins. The
distribution of these is shown in Fig. 3.8.
Very few hoards of gold coins are known, despite the fact that single finds of gold coins from Britain
peak with the issues of the last four years of Nero’s reign and his immediate successors, Galba, Otho
and Vitellius.36 Only seven hoards with a terminus before 69 are known to have gold coins and
four of these are only known from very incomplete antiquarian references. Of the three hoards
that are well described, one is essentially a denarius hoard with one aureus (Owslebury, Hants, no.
328), one (Chippenham, Cambs, no. 431) combines 5 gold staters of Cunobelin, four Roman aurei
(to Claudius) and 37 silver denarii, and there is just one hoard that consists just of aurei. This is the
hoard of 37 aurei, closing with an issue of Claudius of ad 42, found at Bredgar near Sittingbourne
in Kent in 1959 (no. 434, pl. 11). Because of the date of the latest coin to the year before Claudius’s
invasion in ad 43, and the location of Bredgar between Richborough, where Claudius’s force may
have landed, and London, which we know was its first destination, it has been suggested that it
belonged to an officer in the invasion force.37 Be that as it may, the lack of early aurei in British
hoards of the first generation after the Roman conquest is notable.
35
Colin Haselgrove notes (pers. comm.) ‘I remain sceptical of the interpretation but it is mapping a zone where things
happened differently’.
36
Bland and Loriot 2010.
37
Carson 1959. Sam Moorhead has suggested that the Bredgar hoard may have represented a bribe to a senior officer
(from Narcissus) to help get Plautius’s men across the Channel after they refused to go (Moorhead and Stuttard 2012,
44−5).
Fig. 3.8. Hoards of Roman coins only, pre-dating ad 69 (courtesy Katherine Robbins)
Fig. 3.9. Hoards of Roman bronze coins before ad 69 (courtesy Katherine Robbins)
A group of thirty-seven Roman hoards from the period we are considering contain bronze coins (fig.
3.9). Only eight of them also contain silver coins and none gold; one includes Iron Age coins. The
coins are mostly quite small groups of Claudian asses and many are from towns – seven are from
Colchester and six from London, for example. Claudian asses and their imitations – which may
have been made by the army in Britain – were the first Roman coins to be very widely circulated in
Britain.38
The majority of hoards of pre-Flavian Roman coins are of silver denarii: 100 of the hoards with
Roman coins have silver coins – 70 per cent. Sixty-four of these hoards close with issues that pre-
date the Roman invasion in ad 43. Because denarii of the Julio-Claudian emperors, at least before
Nero’s reform in ad 64, are relatively rare, it has been suggested that at least some of these hoards
might in fact not have been buried until after the Conquest in ad 43 and, further, that some at least
might be associated with the great disruption that occurred at the time of Boudicca’s revolt in ad
60–1. 39 I am not convinced about this. The PAS data show that denarii of Caligula and Claudius are
not so rare (see Tables 3.1 and 3.2) and it is only the pre-reform issues of Nero that are particularly
scarce. There are only four hoards containing denarii that do close with issues from the first seven
years of Nero’s reign, ie before Boudicca’s revolt, although there are many hoards of Icenian silver
that may belong to these years (e.g., pl. 12: these cannot be so closely dated), so no peak of Roman
coin hoards associated with Boudicca can easily be detected.40
3.8. Mixed hoards of Iron Age and Roman coins
I would now like to focus on the hoards that combine Iron Age and Roman coins, as these are of
considerable interest in clarifying the relationship between Iron Age and Roman period in the first
years of the Roman province, while their study has tended to fall between the stools of Iron Age
and Roman numismatics.
There are 55 mixed hoards and they may be divided into three unequal groups: (a) those whose
latest coins are pre-Conquest, (b) those from the early Conquest period (between ad 43 and 69) and
(c) those from the Flavian period and later. Each of these groups of hoards gives us rather different
information. These hoards are summarised in Table 3 and their geographical distribution is shown
in Fig. 3.10.
Twelve hoards that close before the Conquest combine Iron Age and Roman coins (Table 3.3(a)).
They mostly come from the South East, the part of Britain that was most closely in touch with
Gaul in the pre-Conquest period: five come from Kent, and one each from Essex, Hampshire,
Hertfordshire, Norfolk, Oxfordshire, Surrey and West Sussex. While it is possible that some of them
may have been put into the ground after ad 43, they do, I believe, strongly suggest that Roman
denarii were being imported into Britain before the Conquest.
We then come to a group of twenty-nine hoards that belong to the earliest years of the Roman prov-
ince, between ad 43 and 69 (Table 3.3(b)).41 No fewer than nineteen of these come from East Anglia
(the three counties of Norfolk, Suffolk and Cambridgeshire), and one each from Surrey, Berkshire,
Hampshire, Dorset, Wiltshire, Somerset, Leicestershire, Derbyshire, Cheshire and West Yorkshire. It
does seem clear from this that in the client kingdom of the Iceni native and Roman coins circulated
38
Sutherland 1937; Kenyon 1991; Walton 2012.
39
For example, Lind 1992; Creighton 1994 and Orna-Ornstein 1997 provide more nuanced analyses of early denarius
hoards. Moorhead believes that many hoards closing with issues of Tiberius were probably deposited after the invasion
because the denarii of Claudius and Caligula and the first ten years of Nero’s reign are much rarer than the issues of
Tiberius (Moorhead, pers. comm.).
40
However, the latest scholar to discuss this problem, John Talbot, rejects Creighton’s analysis of Icenian hoards
(Creighton 1994) and argues for a strong association with the events of ad 60−1 (Talbot 2016).
41
Two hoards actually have latest coins dating to ad 42, the year before the invasion, but I would suggest that they
belong to this group. There is also considerable doubt about the terminal date of the Waltham St Lawrence hoard (no.
811), as it also included denarii of Sabina and Faustina II, which were thought to be intrusive. However, it is also likely
that not all of the hoard was reported to the British Museum: see Burnett 1990.
TABLE 3.3. Mixed hoards: (a) pre-Conquest

No Location Ruler Latest coin IA IA IA Rom Rom Rom
AV AR AE AV Den AE
293 Weeley (Clacton area), Cunobelin 10–40 5 4
Essex
422 Bramshaw Caligula 37–41 251 9
(Fordingbridge), Hants
301 Essendon, Herts Cunobelin 10–40 257 4 10
270 Ash cum Ridley, Kent Augustus 2 bc–ad 4 1 6
235 Borden 1873 Augustus 20–19 bc 12 1
263 Chetney, Iwade, Kent Dubnovellaunos 20 bc–ad 10 2 1
18 Lyminge, Kent Potin 90 27 1
304 Stoke, Kent Cunobelin 10–40 58 4
332 Wymondham, Norfolk Tiberius 14–37 1 3 19
307 Grove (West Hanney), Cunobelin 10–40 9 1
Oxon
312 Cobham 1988, Surrey Cunobelin 10–40 2 3
338 Nutbourne Tiberius 14–37 4 1 2
(Pulborough), W Sussex
TABLE 3.3. Mixed hoards: (b) early post–Conquest

AV AR AE AV Den AE
356 Littleport 1977, Cambs ECEN/ECE 20–50 4 64 1 17
381 Marbury cum Quoisley , EISV 20–50 7 28
(Malpas), Cheshire
492 St Levan V, Cornwall Galba 68–9 19 1 18
407 Tissington, (Derbyshire IISVPRASV 30–50 6 14 3
Dales; Dovedale), Derbys
436 Owermoigne, Dorset Claudius 41–50 4 3 8
397 Beech (Chawton), Hants Epaticcus 30–45 104 1
438 Hallaton, Leics Claudius 41–50 63 4,898 1 392
364 East Dereham. Norfolk ECEN/ECE 20–50 4 4
366 Forncett, Norfolk ECEN/ECE 20–50 336 45
370 Ingoldisthorpe (North ECEN/ECE 20–50 2 2 4
West Norfolk), Norfolk
443 Mattishall 2009, Claudius 51–2 16 26
Norfolk
371 North Creake 1990, ECEN/ECE 20–50 37 2
Norfolk
432 Norton Subcourse, Claudius 41–2 21 113
Norfolk
346 Old Buckenham, ANTED (Iceni) 20–50 11 8
Norfolk
373 Quidenham 2014 ECEN/ECE 20–50 25 22
(South Norfolk), Norfolk
474 Scole 1982, Norfolk Nero 60–1 202 87
390 Snettisham, Norfolk Uncertain 20–50 7,000 3+
376 Weston Longville, ECEN/ECE 20–50 51 3
Norfolk
465 Nunney, Somerset Claudius 41–54 10 232 3 5
471 Eriswell 1972, Suffolk Nero 54–5 255 72
482 Gedgrave (Orford), Nero 66–7 41 1
Suffolk
472 Joist Fen, Suffolk Nero 57–8 73 14
424 Lakenheath 1959, ECEN/ECE 37–50 3 410 67
Suffolk
378 Palgrave (Eye area), ECEN/ECE 20–50 2 58 3 1 1

Suffolk
466 Santon Downham, Claudius 41–54 107 2
Suffolk
439 Sutton 2000 Claudius 46–7 1 37
(Woodbridge area),
Suffolk
441 Wanborough 1979, Claudius 50–1 1,000 ? ?
Surrey
402 Savernake 1857, Wilts CARA[TACUS] 30–45 14 10 1
425 Lightcliffe, West Yorks IISVPRASV 37–50 56 38
TABLE 3.3. Mixed hoards: (c) later post–Conquest

AV AR AE AV Den AE
811 Waltham St Lawrence, Antoninus Pius 141–61 58 120 23
Berks
1004 Barway (Soham), Commodus 180–3 1 5 465 2
Cambs
568 Chatteris 1981, Cambs Domitian 91 1 8 1 14
785 Hengistbury Head, Antoninus Pius 138–61 48 1,484 1,718 12 225
Dorset
670 Strouden Park Hadrian 134–8 79 526 18 54
(Holdenhurst), Dorset
574 Colchester (Sheepen Domitian 81–96 3
Farm Temple) II, Essex
563 Timsbury 1907, Hants Domitian 86 18 43
644 Ashwell (Context 203), Hadrian 119–28 1 6 3
Herts
541 Great Chart, Kent Vespasian 69–79 1 2 6
520 Checkendon I, Oxon Vespasian 76 2 5 2
508 Leafield 1858 Vespasian 72–3 1 4
(Wychwood), Oxon
829 Charlwood, Surrey Antoninus Pius 141–61 2 21
830 Frensham Common, Antoninus Pius 141–61 3 2 6 454
Surrey
505 Honley (Holme Valley), Vespasian 72 5 13 5
West Yorks
alongside each other. It is also possible that the same applied to the North Eastern region, the
territory of the Corieltauvi, as there are four hoards from that area that combine Iron Age and
Roman coins: Honley (no. 505) and Lightcliffe (no. 425) in Yorkshire, Tissington (no. 407) in
Derbyshire and the unique assemblage from Hallaton in Leicestershire (no. 438, pl. 13 and 14 and
fig. 2.8).42
The remaining five hoards are all from the south of England, to the west of London, from Surrey to
Cornwall. One surprising example, found in 2016, comes from St Levan V near Penzance in the far
west of Cornwall (no. 492) and contains 38 coins, 20 Iron Age and 18 Roman, down to Galba, and
includes one Continental Celtic issue, pointing to trade across the Channel.43
They would seem to demonstrate that although the Roman invasion of these areas did indeed lead
to a speedy replacement of the existing Iron Age coinages with the new Roman coinage, there was a
limited amount of intermingling of coinages in earliest years of the Roman occupation of southern
Britain.
42
Leins 2009; Score 2011.
43
Four other hoards have been found nearby: no. 606: 11 bronze coins to Trajan; no. 1184: 20 bronze coins to Sev.
Alexander; no. 1271: 79 bronze coins to Postumus and no. 1702: 13 radiates to Probus. This is clearly an interesting
site.
Fig. 3.10. Mixed hoards of Iron Age and Roman coins (courtesy Katherine Robbins)
The third group of fourteen hoards of the Flavian period or later (Table 3.3 (c)) show how some Iron
Age coins continued in circulation into the middle of the second century ad, with a particular clus-
ter in Dorset.44 Most of these hoards just include a handful of Iron Age coins in what is otherwise a
group of Roman coins, where the Iron Age coin was probably circulating as an aureus or a denarius.
The latest hoard to include an Iron Age coin demonstrates this point: this is the hoard of 5 aurei,
465 denarii, two Roman bronze coins and one Icenian silver unit from Barway in Cambridgeshire
(no. 1004), closing in Commodus’s reign (ad 183): presumably the Icenian coin was accepted as a
quinarius.
There are two finds which contain substantial numbers of both Iron Age and Roman coins which
bear closer examination: Holdenhurst (no. 670) and Hengistbury Head (no. 785). The two finds
are very similar, Holdenhurst closing in the reign of Hadrian and Hengistbury in that of his suc-
cessor Antoninus Pius, while Holdenhurst lies just five miles inland from Hengistbury Head. The
Holdenhurst hoard was found in a pottery vessel and contains 17 Roman denarii, of which the latest
Vitellius and 44 bronze asses to Hadrian, together with 582 Iron Age coins, nearly all base silver or
bronze Durotrigan staters.
The finds from the Iron Age promontory fort and
trading centre at Hengistbury Head (fig. 3.11) are
more complex, as some 3,232 coins have been discov-
ered over a period of seventy-five years, starting with
J P Bushe-Fox’s excavations of 1911–12, when the
largest group of 3,022 coins was found, and continu-
ing to Barry Cunliffe’s excavations of 1979–84, when
only 11 coins were found (and with other discoveries
between these two dates). Although the coins were
found at different locations across the site, the largest
single group were found in ‘a single mass’ and must
represent a hoard.45 Although there is a wider spread
of types of Iron Age coins than in the Holdenhurst
hoard, base silver and bronze Durotrigan staters
account for the bulk, while of 58 Roman coins that are Fig. 3.11. Aerial view of Hengistbury Head
described, there are 28 denarii and 19 bronze coins to
Antoninus Pius.46 Cunliffe’s excavations showed that
Hengistbury Head was a centre of iron-working and also an important trading centre in the
cross-channel trade in both the Iron Age and Roman periods, so it is not surprising that the coin
assemblage is more varied than the Holdenhurst hoard, but it cannot be coincidental that these
two finds which are so close chronologically are also located so close to each other. Maybe the base
metal and bronze Durotrigan staters continued to be used as currency in this part of Dorset well
into the Roman period, not least because there are two more late hoards that combine Iron Age and
Roman coins just a little to the north: Timsbury in Hampshire (no. 563), a Domitianic hoard, and
Downton in Wiltshire (no. 750), another Antonine hoard.47
3.9. Conclusions
So what conclusions can we draw from this survey of hoarding and coin circulation in the tran-
sition between Iron Age and Roman Britain? In 1979 Richard Reece summarised the then state of
knowledge as follows:
44
This is apparent in de Jersey 2014, pl. 16.
45
Bushe-Fox et al. 1915. For recent discussions see Robertson 2000, 177 and de Jersey 2014, 38.
46
Hill’s list of the coins also includes a denarius of Caracalla RIC 71 (ad 203−4) (no. 27 on p. 69), although this comes
from Site 35 which only produced two other denarii (of Vespasian and Antoninus Pius), and not from Site 33, from
which all the other Roman coins and the bulk of the Iron Age coins came.
47
Cunliffe 1987
“before ad 43 there was probably Roman bullion in Britain, but no coinage, while after ad 43 British coinage
rapidly dropped out of circulation. The impact is therefore the replacement of a native coinage by an
Imperial coinage.”48
And again:
“None of the sites mentioned so far [Bagendon, Colchester, Verulamium, Hod Hill, Richborough] and no
others that I have yet discovered give any reason to think that Roman bronze coinage circulated, or even
appeared. Before ad 43. No published site that I have been able to find has given any credence to the idea of
Roman silver coins in pre-Roman Britain.49
New discoveries made since Reece wrote have modified that picture considerably. I would draw
three main observations from the present survey:
• First, while it will normally be impossible to determine whether any one of the 1,777 Republican
denarii recorded by the PAS entered Britain before or after ad 43, the fact that some of these
coins are in unworn condition suggests that at least some did (the coin illustrated in fig. 3.12
is a case in point), while the hoards that combine Iron Age and Roman coins that pre-date the
invasion of ad 43, together with other evidence cited above, suggest that significant numbers
of Republican denarii did enter Britain before ad 43.
• In the client kingdom of the Iceni50 and also to a lesser extent in
territory of the Corieltauvi, where Iron Age coins continued to be
issued after the Roman invasion into the 50s ad, both native and
Roman coins seem to have circulated side by side for at least a
decade after ad 43.51 In a small area of eastern Dorset and western
Hampshire and southern Wiltshire, the base silver and bronze
staters of the Durotriges seem to have remained in circulation
until the second century. Haselgrove has recently argued that Fig. 3.12. Republican denar-
there was actually an increase in the use of Iron Age coinage after ius of c.207 bc found in Berk-
shire, recorded by PAS (BERK-
ad 43:
65D307), showing very little
In sum, although the Roman invasion initially led to an intensifi- wear (Walton and Moorhead
cation of indigenous coin use, British coinage started to disappear 2016, 837; courtesy Portable
from circulation during the Flavian period, as Roman coinage Antiquities Scheme)
increased in volume.52
• On the other hand, Iron Age gold coinage seems to have quickly been taken out of circulation
and was not replaced with Roman aurei. This seems to have been done so thoroughly that it
looks as though it may have been done deliberately by the Roman authorities.53
48
Reece 1979, 211.
49
Reece 1979, 211.
50
Talbot 2011, see also Talbot 2016, 213–78.
51
Kent (1973, 10) suggested that mixed hoards occur in those areas where the native peoples were in alliance with
Rome, pointing to the examples from Norfolk and Suffolk. This is an interesting suggestion, but the kingdom of
Cogidumnus, who is known to have been a client king, centred on Chichester in Sussex, has not produced any mixed
hoards.
52
Haselgrove 2006, 109.
53
Butcher and Ponting 2015 have not detected any change in the gold alloy that might result from using bullion
derived from Iron Age gold coins.
CHAPTER 4
THE DENARIUS PERIOD, AD 69–238
4.1. Introduction
More is known about the historical events in Britain in the first and second centuries ad than in the
later period and the main theme of this chapter is whether there is any relationship between these
events and the pattern of hoarding.1 I shall look at the chronological distribution of hoards, to see if
there are any peaks, as there are in the 3rd and 4th centuries, and at their geographical distribution.
This was a period of relative stability in the coinage. Coins in gold (aurei), silver (denarii) and bronze
(sestertii, dupondii and asses) were struck regularly throughout the period and remained in a fixed
relationship with each other. Although there were a number of small changes in monetary stand-
ards – for example under Domitian – and a gradual reduction in the weight and fineness of the
denarius – and the debasement accelerated from the reign of Septimius Severus – the weight of the
aureus also declined and so the two metals kept broadly in step, allowing a fixed relationship to be
maintained, at least until some time in the 220s ad (fig. 5.15, p. 65).2
Alongside the precious metal denominations, which clearly had an intrinsic value, there was also a
bronze coinage – sestertii, dupondii and asses – which was fiduciary in nature. Because the monetary
system was stable during this period, with coins remaining in use for periods of a hundred years or
more, and there were no episodes of recoinage, we cannot point to the demonetisation of old coin
issues as an explanation for hoarding, as is the case with the radiate hoards of the succeeding period
(chapter 5) and hoards of the fourth century ad (chapter 6).
Denarius hoards from Britain have been much studied in recent years,3 especially by Richard Reece,
who devised a visual method of comparing the contents of different hoards,4 and most recently
by John Creighton.5 Creighton distinguished between ‘modern’ hoards, which contain a higher
proportion of recent issues, and ‘archaic’ hoards, from which there are more older issues, noting
that the modern hoards tend to be dominant in the military zone while the archaic hoards are
more common in the civilian zone. From this he concluded that new issues of coins first came into
circulation as military pay. Creighton has demonstrated that this is a fruitful way of studying these
hoards but I will not try to duplicate his work nor that of Reece, as their main focus was to compare
the contents of denarius hoards in order to draw conclusions on the supply of new coin to Britain
and how long coin issues remained in circulation. The focus of this paper is to look at the geo-
graphical distribution of hoards and to see whether there are any links between their chronological
distribution and known historical events.
4.2. The dataset
The hoards discussed here may be summarised as follows:
1
For narrative accounts of Roman Britain during this period see Frere 1991; Salway 1981; Birley 2005; Mattingly 2006,
while Ireland 2008 is a helpful collection of sources.
2
Bland 1996b, 57−64.
3
For other discussions see Sutherland 1937, 14−38; Robertson 1956 and 1988; Abdy 2002.
4
Reece 1987, 46−70; Reece 2002, 67−88; Reece 2003.
5
Creighton 2014.
• 701 hoards.
• 14 hoards have 4,102 Iron Age coins (for the continued survival of Iron Age coins in some areas
into the second century see chapter 3, p. 42).
• 36 hoards have 643 gold coins (equivalent to 16.050 denarii) (5 contain just one aureus and 5
have an uncertain quantity).
• 498 hoards have 54,021 denarii (7 have just one coin and 49 have an uncertain quantity).
• 222 hoards have 6,884 bronze coins (14 have just one bronze coin and 24 have an uncertain
quantity).
So the great majority of the coins in the hoards are silver, as pl. 15a shows.
This may be compared with the 24,376 single finds of the period ad 69–238 recorded on the database
of the Portable Antiquities Scheme (PAS) (pl. 15b).6 This database consists of single finds, mostly
recovered through metal detecting. Surprisingly, perhaps, silver coins are still in the majority, but
they only just outnumber bronze coins. Of course one expects single coin finds – mainly casual
losses from occupation sites – to be heavily biased towards lower denominations and it comes as
something of a surprise that denarii are as common as bronze coins in the PAS dataset. There are
two factors here: first, the bronze coinage becomes much scarcer in Britain from the Severan period
until its end around ad 260 (bronze coins of the 3rd century are common in the Mediterranean
provinces but rare north of the Alps), while secondly, a significant proportion of the denarii of the
third century in the PAS database are plated copies – probably around 20 per cent of the coins – in
contrast to hoards, which generally discriminate against plated copies.
Pl. 16 shows how bronze coins become much scarcer in the 3rd century: this chart shows the
numbers of coins of different metals recorded by the PAS by period and it can be seen that the
bronze coins predominate down to the reign of Commodus, which ended in 192, while from
Septimius’s reign onwards bronze coins enter Britain in much smaller quantities.7
4.3. Coin use in Britain in the early second century ad: the Vindolanda
tablets
Just as the recently-discovered tablets from the Bloomberg site in London gave us new insights into
the coin using economy of London in the first generation after the Roman conquest (chapter 3,
p. 30), so the Vindolanda tablets have given us a new insight into coin use in the military zone of
Britain at the end of the 1st and start of the 2nd centuries ad.
Several hundred writing tablets were found during excavations in the Roman fort at Vindolanda
from 1973 onwards.8 Vindolanda was a fort established by Agricola on Stanegate – just to the south
of where Hadrian’s Wall was later built – and was garrisoned by the ninth cohort of Batavians, from
the present-day Netherlands.9 The letters throw light on the daily life of the soldiers based at the
fort and give a picture of a far more sophisticated way of life in this remote frontier outpost than
we might otherwise have suspected. The tablets are full of references to monetary transactions. An
excerpt from one of the letters will serve to give a flavour of these documents. (We do not know
who Octavius and Candidus were, except that neither of them was the fort commander – they were
probably mid-ranking officers.)
6
Data downloaded on 1 August 2017. In Bland 2016, the paper of which this chapter is a revision, there were
21,764 coins on the PAS database (as of 2 November 2015). Therefore an additional 2,612 coins of this period have
been added to the database in the last 21 months, an annual rate of growth of 6.9%. However, the new data has not
changed the relationship between the denominations very significantly. For a discussion of the significance of the PAS
finds see Walton 2012, especially 31−56.
7
See also Walton 2012, 31−57 and Moorhead 2013, 109.
8
The definitive publication of the tablets will be found in three volumes by Bowman & Thomas (1983, 1994 and
2003); see also Bowman 2003 and Birley 2002. For the background to Vindolanda see Birley 1977.
9
Birley 2002.
THE DENARIUS PERIOD, AD 69–238 47
Octavius to his brother Candidus, greetings. … I have several times written to you that I have bought about
five thousand modii of ears of grain, on account of which I need cash. Unless you send me some cash, at
least five hundred denarii, the result will be that I shall lose what I have laid out as a deposit, about three
hundred denarii, and I shall be embarrassed. So, I ask you, send me some cash as soon as possible. The hides
which you write are at Catterick – write that they be given to me and the wagon about which you write. And
write to me what is with that wagon. I would have already been to collect them except that I did not care
to injure the animals while the roads are bad. See with Tertius about the 8½ denarii which he received from
Fatalis. He has not credited them to my account. Know that I have completed the 170 hides and I have 119
modii of threshed bracis. Make sure that you send me cash so that I have ears of grain on the threshing-floor.
Moreover, I have already finished threshing all that I had. A messmate of our friend Frontius has been here.
He was wanting me to allocate (?) him hides and that being so, was ready to give cash. I told him I would
give him the hides by 1 March. He decided that he would come on 13 January. He did not turn up nor did
he take any trouble to obtain them since he had hides. If he had given me cash, I would have given him
them. I hear that Frontinus Iulius has for sale at a high price the leather ware (?) which he bought for five
denarii apiece. Greet Spectatus and ... and Firmus. …Farewell.10
Interestingly the great bulk of the 233 references to coinage in the tablets are to denarii rather than
to the bronze denominations (Table 4.1) and the letter writers often referred to fractions of denarii
rather than to sestertii, dupondii and asses and often used quite awkward fractions of the denarius,
such as an eighth, although this could have been expressed more easily as one dupondius.11 There
are 18 references to denarii and asses together and only five to asses on their own; none at all to ses-
tertii and only one to a dupondius, all the more surprising given that the sestertius was the standard
unit of account in Rome at this time. Given their rarity in Britain, it is perhaps less surprising that
there are no references to gold aurei.
TABLE 4.1. References to coins in the Vindolanda tablets

Volume Tab. Vind. I Tab. Vind. II Tab. Vind. III Total
Aureus – – – –
Denarius 12 112 70 194
Sestertius – – – –
Dupondius – – 1 1
As 1 23 14 38
All in all, the Vindolanda tablets seem to show ready and frequent use of coinage by the writers of
the tablets (mainly soldiers based at Vindolanda), with the denarius being the denomination most
frequently referred to.12 This corresponds with the evidence of hoards and of the coins recorded by
the PAS, which show a distinct preference for silver over bronze coins.
4.4. The denarius period in Britain
Just over three hoards a year (3.24) are known from the Flavian period, the reigns of Vespasian, Titus
and Domitian, from ad 69–96: under Domitian, the governor Agricola, extended Roman rule far
into Scotland (fig. 4.4). Then there is a reduction under Nerva and Trajan (ad 98–117); an increase
to 4.1 hoards per annum under Hadrian, who visited Britain in ad 122 and ordered the construction
of the Wall that bears his name; a further increase under Antoninus Pius (ad 138–61), when the
frontier was pushed north in Scotland and the Antonine Wall was built, in the years from ad 142,
and then a peak in the reign of Marcus Aurelius, ad 161–80, from when over eight hoards are year
known; then a falling off under Commodus ad 180–92 although we learn that the major campaign
of his reign was in Britain in ad 183–4, and a further reduction under Septimius Severus and his
10
Translation by Alan Bowman: Bowman 2003, no. 42, pp. 144−6 (= Tabulae Vindolandenses II. 343).
11
See also Walton 2012, 55.
12
On the evidence the tablets have to throw on the local economy see Evers 2011.
successors, although Septimius led an expedition to Britain in ad 208, at the end of his reign, and
died at York in 211. The number of hoards remain at a low level for the following 27 years until ad
238, when the denarius was replaced by the radiate (chapter 5).
Any attempt to interpret the pattern of coin hoarding in the light of events attested in historical
sources needs to examine whether the date of the latest coin in a hoard can be said to correlate to
the date at which the hoard was placed in the ground. At some periods, when there are gaps in the
striking of coinage (for example during the first ten years of Nero’s reign: see chapter 3, p. 38), it is
indeed dangerous to assume that the two dates are closely linked.13
The same applies at times when existing issues of coinage are called in and the new issues are set at
a very high exchange rate against the old coins: this seems to have happened in 274, after the end
of the Gallic Empire, and again in 296, after the British Empire (chapter 5). However, throughout
the period we are examining in this paper, the coinage was relatively stable and there was regular
supply of new coins, and so I would argue that the date of burial is generally likely to fall shortly
after the date of the latest coin.14 Obviously if the hoard only has a handful of coins, then one
needs to be more cautious. A further consideration is that the historical record for this period is very
patchy and Britain was very peripheral to the concerns of those historians whose works do survive.
So it must be borne in mind that important events affecting Britain may have occurred during this
period of which no record survives in the literary evidence.
Fig. 4.1 shows the chronological distribution of hoards by reign. This is a very broad brush approach
and if we are to see whether hoards can be connected with these events we need to look more
closely at the period. For that we need to present the data according to the date of the latest coin
in the hoard, as in Fig. 4.2. However, only 294 hoards – less than half of the sample – can be dated
this precisely and there is reason to believe that this pattern does not present an accurate picture
Fig. 4.1. Number of hoards per annum, ad 69–238, by reign
13
Allen 1970, Orna-Ornstein 1997: see chapter 3.
14
In contrast to silver issues, Walker (1988, 282−305) showed that the supply of bronze coins to Britain during this
period was often intermittent, particularly in the first century ad, when Walker notes that ‘aes coinage is injected into
circulation in Britain in four short but massive phases: ad 64−7; 71−73; 77−78 and 86−87’.
Fig. 4.2. Hoards per annum, ad 69–238: dateable hoards only
Fig. 4.3. Hoards per annum, ad 69–238: all hoards

of all 701 hoards because the numbers of hoards that only be dated to a reign varies from period to
period.15 Fig. 4.3 presents a corrected version using the whole sample – I have redistributed those
hoards which can only be dated to a reign according to the proportions of hoards that can be more
closely dated and this does present a different pattern from the previous chart. I will now look at
these periods in more detail, along with maps of the geographical distribution of the hoards.
4.5. The Flavians to Hadrian (ad 69–138)
Flavians (AD 69–96): 88 hoards; 5,167 coins on PAS database; map 4

Nerva and Trajan (AD 98–117): 41 hoards; 3,226 coins on PAS database; map 5
Hadrian (AD 117–38): 85 hoards; 3,021 coins on PAS database; map 6.
69
71
73
75
77
79
81
83
85
87
89
91
93
95
97
99
101
103
105
107
109
111
113
115
117
119
121
123
125
127
129
131
133
135
137
Fig. 4.4. Hoards per annum, ad 69–138
Fig. 4.4 shows the numbers of hoards per annum, from the Flavians to the death of Hadrian, a period
of sixty-nine years. Two major historical events are known to have occurred in Britain during these
years. The first was the governorship of Agricola, from ad 77/8 to 83/4, an unusually long term, when
the Romans made a major advance into the north of England and Scotland, culminating in the
Roman victory at Mons Graupius. The frontier was then established along the Stanegate, just south
of Hadrian’s Wall, where Vindolanda was. A high level of hoarding at the start of Agricola’s term of
office dropped off to almost nothing at the end of his governorship: if one were to follow an histor-
ical interpretation this could be taken to mean that Agricola’s campaigns succeeded in establishing
15
For example, 73% of the 125 hoards of the reign of Pius (period 9) are not precisely dataeable, whereas only 37% of
the 91 hoards of Septimius Severus – Elagabalus (period 10) are undateable. The uncorrected chart, based only on the
dateable hoards, therefore gives a misleading picture of the pattern of hoarding across the period as a whole.
Fig. 4.5. As of Hadrian commemorating Britannia, dated to ad 119–22 (left: RIC 577: British Museum) and (right)
sestertius of ad 134–8 (right: RIC 845: British Museum)
peaceful conditions in the Province.16 Hoarding

remained at a low level under Trajan and increased
at the start of Hadrian’s reign; it then fell off during
the 120s, while the Wall was being built (the second
major event), and fell off to nothing in the 130s
(although this may have something to do with the
fact that Hadrian’s coinage cannot be dated to an
exact year), with an increase at the end of his reign.
Hadrian was the first emperor to include explicit
references to Britain on his coins.17 The sestertii of Fig.4.6. Sestertius of Hadrian of ad 134–8 showing
Britannia – there is an early and a late issue – show the Emperor addressing the army in Britain (EXER
BRITANNICVS: RIC 912: British Museum)
her feet resting on a pile of stones which has some-
times been interpreted as a representation of the
Figs. 4.7 and 4.8. Hoards closing in the Flavian period (left: courtesy Katherine Robbins) and (right) military sites
occupied under the Flavians (from Jones and Mattingly 1990, 98).
16
Alternatively this pattern could reflect uneven supply of silver denarii to Britain.
17
Several works discuss coin-types relating to Roman Britain: Akerman 1836, Askew 1947, Burnett 1977.
Figs. 4.9 and 4.10. Hoards closing in the reigns of Nerva, Trajan and Hadrian (left: courtesy Katherine Robbins) and
military sites occupied under Trajan and Hadrian (right: from Jones and Mattingly 1990, 100)
Wall (fig. 4.5). He also refers to the army in Britain (Exercitus Britannicus) as part of a series in which
most of the provincial armies are named (fig. 4.6).
Map 4 shows the geographical distribution of Flavian hoards – they occur widely across England
and Wales with no obvious concentrations. There are very few hoards from the north. We can
compare the hoards with a map of military sites occupied under the Flavians (Figs. 4.7 and 4.8). The
majority of the hoards come from the civilian zone, suggesting that the hoards were largely buried
by civilians rather than the military.
An example of a gold hoard of this period is shown in pl. 17, the Shillington hoard of 127 gold
aurei, closing in ad 78–9 (no. 529). More gold circulated during the Flavian period than subse-
quently, although gold was never common in Britain.
Map 5 shows the distribution of hoards that close with issues of Nerva (there are four) and Trajan
(37): they too are geographically scattered. Map 6 shows the Hadrianic hoards, which are rather
more numerous (there are 85), with a cluster along the line of Hadrian’s Wall, or close to it, and
quite a few in the north of England. We can again make a comparison between the hoards of Trajan
and Hadrian and military sites of this period (figs. 4.9 and 4.10). As with the Flavians the correlation
is not close, except for the hoards along the line of the Wall.
4.6. The Antonines, ad 138–92
Antoninus Pius (AD 138–61): 125 hoards; 4,649 coins on PAS database; map 7
Marcus Aurelius (AD 161–80): 156 hoards; 4,479 coins on PAS database; map 8
Commodus (AD 180–92): 58 hoards; 1,129 coins on PAS database; map 9.
The Antonine period, covering fifty-four years from ad 138 to 192, saw the highest incidence of
hoarding during the denarius period and the peak occurred in the reign of Marcus Aurelius (ad
161–80) (fig. 4.11 and maps 7–9). Pius’s issue of BRITANNIA asses date to ad 154–5. Few hoards are
known that close with coins from the start of Antoninus Pius’s reign and there are more from his
later years. There are therefore very few hoards from the period from ad 142 when the governor
Lollius Urbicus pushed the frontier north into Scotland and built the Antonine Wall. However, we
need to add a warning here: Antoninus Pius only started putting his tribunician year on the coins
from ad 147, from when the coinage can be dated to a year, so there may be more hoards from early
in his reign than would appear.
There is a pronounced peak of hoards closing in ad 161–2, at the very end of Pius’s reign and the
start of Marcus Aurelius’s (fig. 4.11),18 although no contemporary historical event is attested in
Britain with which to link this.19 On the other hand the historian Dio tells us that the greatest war
of Commodus’s reign, twenty years later, was in Britain. He states: ‘the tribes in the island crossed
the Wall that separated them and did a great deal of damage, even cutting down a general together
with his troops. Commodus therefore became alarmed and sent Ulpius Marcellus.’20 And we have
coins from ad 184 in which Commodus celebrates his British victory. If hoards were buried because
their owners felt threatened at any time during the period under discussion then this would be it.
And we do have a fairly high number of hoards from 179 and 180 with a reduction after that – but
the peak is not as high as that of ad 161–2 (fig. 4.11).
Fig 4.12 shows two coin types struck by Pius in the 140s celebrating Britannia – these presumably
related to the building of the Antonine Wall at this time – while fig. 4.13 is an as showing
18
The peak of 24 hoards closing in ad 161 in fig. 4.11 is perhaps rather misleading. There are in fact nine hoards that
close with issues of ad 161-2; this figure rises to 24 by extrapolation of those hoards that close with issues of Pius or
Aurelius which cannot otherwise be more closely dated.
19
The Antonine Wall, and southern Scotland, was finally abandoned around ad 158: Birley 2005, 148, Breeze 2006.
Another possible explanation for the spike in hoards closing around 161−2 is that they could represent an accession
donative made by Marcus Aurelius, but we do not see spikes in hoarding at the start of other reigns in this period.
20 Epitome of Dio Cassius LXII, 8; see Ireland 2008, 103, Birley 2005, 162−70.
Fig. 4.12. Antoninus Pius, sestertii with reverse BRITANNIA, ad 140–44 (left: RIC 742: British Museum); and (right)
IMPERATOR II BRITAN, Victory, ad 143–4 (right: RIC 719: British Museum)
Britannia raising her veil (she used to be thought to be weep-

ing), struck in ad 154–5. These coins are only found in Britain
and seem to represent a special issue, struck in Rome, for use
in Britain. 21
Map 7 shows the distribution of hoards of the reign of
Antoninus Pius: there are now several from Scotland, although
the majority are still from the south. And there is once again
Fig. 4.13. Antoninus Pius, BRITANNIA
little correlation between the hoards and military sites occu- as, ad 154–5 (RIC 934: British Museum)
pied under Pius (figs. 4.14 and 4.15).
Figs. 4.14 and 4.15. Hoards of the reign of Antoninus Pius (left: courtesy Katherine Robbins) and military sites
occupied in his reign (from Mattingly 2006, 133)
21
See Hobley 1998 for other examples of issues of Roman bronze coins that seem to have been issued at Rome for
circulation in particular provinces.
Map 8 plots the hoards from the reign of Aurelius,

the peak of hoarding in our period, and it is nota-
ble that there are now more from Scotland. Those
hoards that close in 160 are shown in fig. 4.16, but
they are not concentrated in any one area but are
scattered all over England.
Two substantial hoards of aurei are known from
this period: 126 gold aurei were found at Didcot,
Oxfordshire, in 1995 (pl. 18, no. 771), while the
largest hoard of aurei known from Britain, the
Corbridge hoard of 162 aurei (no. 770), closes just
a year earlier than Didcot in ad 158–9. 22 This was
found during archaeological excavations in 1911
and was buried in a jug in the Roman military
supply base at Corbridge, just south of Hadrian’s
Wall (figs. 4.17 and 4.18). The Antonine Wall
and southern Scotland was abandoned in around
ad 158 and it thus possible that these coins were
buried by one of the garrison at Corbridge in
response to a raid across the Wall. However, the
hoard also coincides with a new phase of build-
ing at Corbridge and it could therefore represent a
(rather lavish) foundation deposit. 23
Another possible explanation for the peak in
hoarding under Marcus Aurelius is provided by the
Fig. 4.16. Hoards of the reigns of Antoninus Pius great plague, probably of smallpox, that is known
and Marcus Aurelius with those closing in ad 160–1 to have swept the Roman Empire between about
highlighted ad 165 and 175. Duncan-Jones has demonstrated
very clearly the devastating effects that it had: in
four Egyptian villages papyri show a population
decline of between 70 and 93 per cent during the
160s, while coin production at the mint of Rome
Figs. 4.17 and 4.18. Four aurei from the Corbridge

hoard (162 aurei to ad 158–9, British Museum) and
(fig. 4.18) the excavator’s plan of the findspot of the
hoard (MacDonald 1912, 3)
22
Robertson 2000, 203; Abdy 2002.
23
I am grateful to Eleanor Ghey for this suggestion.
also fell off in the 170s.24 Could this explain the non-recovery of at least some hoards at this period?
In order to test this theory one would need to see whether there was an increase in hoards closing at
this period across the Empire, since, although it is very probable that the plague did affect Britain,
the evidence for its impact is stronger further East in the Empire. At present this does not appear to
have been the case from the evidence currently available,25 but the database being constructed by
the Oxford Coin Hoards of the Roman Empire project should enable this question to be answered
definitively.26
The final phase of the Antonine period was the reign of Commodus, from ad 180 to 192. Fifty-eight
hoards close in this reign, a rather lower intensity than under Marcus Aurelius. As in the preceding
periods, the hoards are widely distributed with a significant number from Scotland (map 9).
Figs. 4.19 and 4.20. Sestertius of Commodus of ad 183–4 showing Britannia standing with sword and wreath (left:
RIC 437: British Museum) and (fig. 4.20) medallion of ad 184–5 showing a more conventional depiction of Britannia
seated (right: Grueber 1874, 12: British Museum)
Commodus celebrated Marcellus’s successful suppression of the incursion in ad 18427 with this
sestertius showing a rather unusual depiction of Britannia holding a wreath and a short sword (fig.
4.19) and with a fine bronze medallion issued the following year (fig. 4.20). Fig. 4.11 shows that
hoarding is at a low level from 184 to 192, so, if a historical explanation were to be adopted for the
burial and non-recovery of coin hoards were to be adopted, it could be suggested that Marcellus’s
action secured a period of peace in Britain.
4.7. From Septimius Severus to the end of the denarius period (ad
193–238)
Septimius Severus – Elagabalus (AD 193–222): 91 hoards; 4,287 coins on PAS database; map 10
Severus Alexander – Balbinus and Pupienus (AD 222–38): 47 hoards; 1,418 coins on PAS database;
map 11.
We now move on to the final phase of the denarius period, from the accession of Septimius Severus
in ad 193, until 238, when the denarius was replaced with the radiate (fig. 4.21 and maps 10–11).
Dio recounts that in 197 Severus sent a new governor to Britain, Virius Lupus, with the remit to buy
off the Maeatae, the people living immediately north of Hadrian’s Wall, for a large sum of money.28
Interestingly there is a significant number of hoards closing between 193 and 196, with fewer after
24
Duncan-Jones 1996; see also Gilliam 1961.
25
It is not apparent in the appendix of hoards of the period ad in Duncan-Jones 1994, 261−8, nor in Guest 1994.
26
http://chre.ashmus.ox.ac.uk/.
27
See n. 20 above.
28
Epitome of Dio Cassius LXXV.5,4: see Ireland 2008, 112−13. Severus carried out a major debasement of the denarius
in ad 194−5: Walker 1978, 59.
that date: again, if a historical explanation were to be adopted, perhaps Virius Lupus did succeed in
buying a period of peace in Britain.
The main historical event that concerned Britain was the expedition that Septimius Severus led to
Britain in 208, bringing his two sons with him, Caracalla and Geta.29 He marched into Scotland in
209 and 210, failing to draw the Scottish tribes into a conclusive battle, and Severus died in York
in February 211; upon which Caracalla and Geta rapidly concluded a peace treaty and returned to
Rome. However, Severus and his sons struck an extensive issue of coins celebrating their British
victory (figs. 4.24–26), while an aureus of Caracalla is thought to show the Emperor raising York to
the status of colonia (fig. 4.27).
As can be seen from fig. 4.21, there is no particular spike in hoarding in the years when Severus was
actually in Britain, although with his army of 30,000 men, there must have been a big influx of
coinage into the province: indeed Dio specifically tells us that the Emperor arrived in Britain ‘with
an immense amount of money’.30 The hoards of these three years are widely distributed – perhaps
the ones near the provincial capitals of London and York are significant (fig. 4.22). Map 11 shows
the hoards of the end of the denarius period, from Severus Alexander in ad 222 to Balbinus and
Pupienus in 238. There is a spike in hoards that close in 231 (fig. 4.23), but, as in ad 160–1, these
are not concentrated in one area.
While the majority of hoards of this period are small, there are also some very large denarius hoards:
the largest one of all being a hoard of 9,238 denarii, closing in ad 224, from Shapwick in Somerset
(pl. 19, no. 1163). 31 In fact all four hoards containing more than a thousand denarii from Britain
29
The best account of this campaign is now Hodgson 2014, which is a model interweaving of the archaeological and
the literary evidence.
30
Epitome of Dio Cassius LXXVI.12.
31
Minnitt 2001.
Figs. 4.22 and 4.23. Hoards of the periods ad 193–222 with those of ad 208–11 highlighted (left) and of ad 222–38
with those closing in ad 231 highlighted (right)
Figs. 4.24, 4.25 and 4.26. Sestertii of Septimius of ad 210–11 showing the Emperor addressing his troops (left and
centre, figs. 4.24 and 4.25: RIC 800 and 799: British Museum) and of Caracalla celebrating VICTORIAE BRITANNICAE
(right, fig. 4.26: RIC 465: British Museum)
date to the third century.32 It is not obvious why all the largest hoards of denarii from Britain
should date to this period.
Hoards of bronze coins closing between ad 69 and 238 are also generally small: plate 20 shows
one of the larger hoards, consisting of 425 bronze coins from Curridge, Berkshire (no. 1080, pl.
20). This hoard consists essentially of Antonine issues and has just three coins of Severus and his
wife Domna. Surprisingly the largest hoards of bronze coins from Britain date to the 260s ad, after
32
The others are: (a) a hoard of 3,169 denarii from ‘the East of England’ (probably Colchester), closing in 231 (no.
1177); (b) 1,478 coins to ad 208 from Bristol (no. 1107); and (c) 1,925 denarii to 230 from Falkirk, Scotland (no. 1174).
bronze issues had ceased to be struck.33 In contrast with silver hoards,

no really large hoards of bronze coins are known from Britain, although
these occur on the Continent.34 It is also noteworthy that by Period 11 (ad
222–38) there are no mixed hoards of silver and bronze coins.
Fig. 4.27. Gold aureus of

Caracalla of ad 210 showing
4.8. Conclusions
Emperor raising kneeling
woman (perhaps York) (RIC The main conclusion that we can draw from this analysis is that attempts
119: British Museum) to link the burial of coin hoards to historical events that are known to
have taken place in Britain between ad 69 and 238 have mixed results:
neither the building of Hadrian’s nor the Antonine Walls (from 122 and 142 respectively), nor
Septimius Severus’s expedition to Britain in 208−11, are reflected in peaks of hoarding: rather the
opposite. Furthermore, no historical events are known to have occurred in Britain at the two times
when there are peaks in hoarding: around ad 161−2 and 231 (although this may simply reflect the
fact that no events at this time were recorded in the sources that have come down to us, rather than
that nothing occurred). On the other hand, the reduced number of hoards after Agricola’s cam-
paigns ended in ad 84, after Marcellus’s suppression of the incursion into Britain by the northern
tribes in ad 184, and after Virius Lupus’s buying off of the Maeatae in 197, may have an historical
explanation. A further study could usefully compare the pattern of hoarding of silver coins shown
here with the pattern of production of denarii, based on the hoard evidence. That was beyond the
scope of this paper.
The hoards do, however, allow us to draw some conclusions about coin circulation in Britain:
• The great majority of the 701 hoards of this period are of silver coins;
• Gold coins are somewhat less rare in the Flavian period, they then progressively disappear in
second century, and there are none at all after Marcus Aurelius;
• Bronze coins are hoarded less than silver and there are no large hoards, and the coins become
scarce after Septimius Severus;
• There is little evidence for link between hoarding and military occupation and with a few
exceptions, hoarding does not seem to be substantially affected by knnown historical events;
• While, finally, the data from the finds recorded by the PAS and the evidence of the Vindolanda
tablets show considerable evidence for monetisation; denarii circulated widely.
33
For example, Ham Hill, closing under Postumus, with 1,066 bronze coins (no. 1269) and the Gare hoard, closing
under Victorinus, with 47 silver and 1,037 bronze coins (no. 1350). The composition of these hoards, with large
numbers of very worn coins of the first and second centuries ad seem to suggest that they consisted of coins drawn
from the circulation pool of the mid 3rd century. They were perhaps placed in the ground and not recovered because
they had become demonetised after the 260s and so could not be used as currency. See chapter 5.
34
For example, the hoards from Guelma, Algeria (7,486 sestertii to ad 257: Turcan 1963); Orselina, Switzerland (4,869
sestertii to Gordian III: Ackermann and Peter 2015).; and Garonne, France, (3,663 sestertii to ad 159-61: Etienne et al.
1984).
CHAPTER 5
THE RADIATE PERIOD, AD 238–96
5.1. Previous studies of radiate hoards1
New discoveries of hoards have attracted the attention of antiquarians and scholars since the
sixteenth century if not earlier. However, apart from the work of Poynter discussed in chapter 1
(p. 2), wider discussions of why hoards were buried were much rarer before the twentieth century.
Blanchet’s study of 1900 was groundbreaking in that he argued that by studying clusters of hoards
of the same period one could trace external invasions or internal unrest.2 He supported this with
a corpus of over 800 Roman coin hoards from France, Germany, Belgium, Luxembourg, the
Netherlands and Switzerland, and he proposed a largely historical interpretation for the burial and
non-recovery of these hoards, linking the third-century finds with invasions across the Rhine or
raids along the North Sea coasts and internal unrest, such as that caused by the Bagaudae.
This way of looking at hoards, particularly those of the second half of the third century, has been
extremely influential in Continental studies and still is,3 although British scholars such as Mattingly
questioned this interpretation at least in regard to the many hoards of the period from Britain,
noting that there was little archaeological evidence for damage on this side of the English Channel:
The practice of hoarding coins underground was well-nigh universal in antiquity. But, for a hoard to come
down to us, a second condition, beyond that of its burial, must be satisfied. For one reason or another,
neither the owner nor his heirs must have been able to retrieve their treasure. Obviously accidents will
happen more frequently in time of war or of serious disorder than in more peaceful intervals; a great mass
of hoards in any particular period is, therefore, taken to point to troubles, foreign or internal. Now, the
hoards of debased coins of Gallienus and Claudius and the Gallic emperors are quite remarkably common.
Blanchet, in a book which has become famous, has associated this mass of hoards with the barbarians.4
Naturally there is quite a large element of truth in the conclusions of the French savant. But barbarians will
not account for everything. Their invasions cover neither the whole period covered by these hoards nor the
whole areas of burial. Britain, as well as Gaul, has its hoards in great numbers and Britain has little to suffer
at this time from invaders. It is clear that, instead of ‘barbarian invasions’, we must read ‘general troubles of
the age of which barbarian invasions were a part’.5
In two earlier papers Mattingly was the first scholar to suggest that one reason why many hoards
of the unreformed debased radiates this period were not recovered was because their owners aban-
doned them: they did not trouble to recover them because the coins had been rendered worthless
by the reform of Aurelian.6 He argued that in his reform of the coinage Aurelian set a exchange rate
for the earlier debased issues that was very unfavourable against the new coins, so that these were
largely rejected by people in Britain, Mattingly goes on to refer to ‘numberless hoards [of the old
debased coins of Gallienus and Claudius, Victorinus and Tetricus], which angry or desperate owners
refused to surrender and laid aside in the hope of better times – which, we now know, were never
to arrive.’7 He developed this theory further in 1951 in his paper on ‘The clash of the coinages’.8
1
See also Chapter 1. Naylor and Bland 2015 provides an overview of hoarding in Britain from the Bronze Age to the
seventeenth century. In Chapter 7 I discuss of the phenomenon of late Roman hoards from Britain and the history
of their study.
2
Blanchet 1900.
3
See, for example, Gricourt 1988 (below, p. 92) and the comments in Bland 2013a, 224.
4
In Blanchet 1900.
5
Mattingly 1951, 282.
6
Mattingly 1932; Mattingly and Pearce 1937–9 (quoted below, pp. 95–6).
7
Mattingly 1932, 93.
8
Mattingly 1951.
Sutherland’s important overview of coinage in Roman Britain gave a full summary of what was
then known about radiate hoards (and particularly, contemporary copies), but had little to say on
the possible reasons for this outbreak of hoarding.9 Grierson had an influential discussion of hoard-
ing in general,10 while Casey provided a succinct overview of hoarding in Roman Britain which
still stands as a very helpful summary.11 Reece has discussed the issue on several occasions,12 and
in a paper published in 1981 he comprehensively demolished what he termed Blanchet’s ‘invasion
theory’ of hoarding in the third century, suggesting that they may in fact have been abandoned.13
Aitchison published an important paper in which he argued that Roman coin hoards could have
been buried for ritual purposes: this has tended to be overlooked because of its publication in a jour-
nal not always seen by students of coin hoards.14 Ritual interpretations for the deposition of pre-
historic metalwork developed by Bradley15 and others have influenced more recent discussions of
hoarding. Guest’s PhD thesis gave overview of coin hoards from across the western Roman Empire
(excluding Britain), suggesting new ways of interpreting patterns of coin hoarding,16 while Hobbs,
who included hoards of precious-metal objects as well as of coins in his study, similarly developed a
new way of comparing them by calculating the ‘equivalent gold weight’.17 Cheesman also provided
a very helpful and succinct analysis of the main categories of radiate hoards that occur in Britain
(he was not concerned with the reasons for their deposition), 18 while Abdy has written a useful
account for a wider audience.19
5.2. The development of the radiate
In order to understand the pattern of hoarding at this period, I need to describe briefly the back-
ground to the coinage.20 Caracalla introduced a new silver coin towards the end of his reign in 215,
the radiate (fig. 5.2); he issued it alongside the existing coin, the denarius, which was already over
400 years old at this date (fig. 5.1). Traditionally the new coin has been called an antoninianus, after
Caracalla’s official name Antoninus, but that term is certainly incorrect and I prefer to use the term
‘radiate’ since the denomination is identified by the radiate crown which the emperor wears. While
radiates had the same the metal fineness as denarii, with less than 50 per cent of silver, I believe
that the new coin was tariffed at two denarii, although it only weighed just over one and a half
times as much as the smaller coin – a point that would have been immediately obvious to anyone
handling the coins and many hoards of this period contain either one denomination or the other
but not both together.21 The radiate was discontinued after four years and none were issued for the
next 17 years. It was reintroduced in 238, just before the reign of Gordian III and, after that point,
it replaced the denarius as the main silver denomination.
By this period the fineness and the weight of the silver coinage were dropping rapidly. Under
Gordian the radiate coins weighed around 4.15 g and had a silver content of 35 per cent (fig. 5.3);
20 years later under Valerian the fineness had slipped to less than 20 per cent and the weight to 2.9
g (fig. 5.4). In 260, in response to the chaos that ensued after Valerian was captured by the Sasanian
ruler Shapur, Postumus declared himself emperor in Gaul and remained in power for nine years.
9
Sutherland 1937.
10
Grierson 1975, 124–39.
11
Casey 1980, 51–60. See also Casey 1986, 51–67, for a wider survey of coin hoards.
12
Reece 2003 is a volume of his collected papers.
13
Reece 1981 (reprinted in Reece 2003, 335–41). See also Reece 1988, 47–65, which contains a characteristically
Reeceian discussion of possible reasons behind the burial and non-recovery of coin hoards.
14
Aitchison 1989.
15
Bradley 1988.
16
Guest 1994: for example, he proposed the idea of a ‘ripple’ effect, as the numbers of coin hoards from a particular
period decrease as one moves away from the epicentre of an invasion.
17
Hobbs 2006.
18
Cheesman 1997.
19
Abdy 2002.
20
See Bland 2012a and Estiot 2012 for up to date accounts of the coinage of the third century; also Burnett 1987.
21
See Bland 1996b.
THE RADIATE PERIOD, AD 238–96 63
Fig. 5.1. Denarius of Caracalla; 5.2. Radiate of Caracalla (both British Museum)
He controlled an area that included Gaul, Germany, Spain and Britain – the ‘Gallic Empire’ – while
Valerian’s son Gallienus remained in control of the rest of the Empire. Postumus stabilised the rapid
decline in the coinage and struck coins at a higher standard than Gallienus’s much baser issues (fig.
5.5). But he too had to debase the coinage in the last year of his reign, and under his successors in
the Gallic Empire, Victorinus and Tetricus (fig. 5.6), the radiate had no more than 1–2 per cent of
silver. These coins were much copied in Gaul and Britain and the so-called ‘barbarous radiates’ are
often tiny coins (fig. 5.7): these can never have passed as regular issues and it is generally accepted
that they were produced to supply a lack in official coinage after the fall of the Gallic Empire in
274 – rather as tokens were produced in England in the sixteenth, eighteenth and early nineteenth
centuries.22
Figs. 5.3 to 5.6. Radiates of: Gordian III (238–44); Valerian I (253–60); Postumus (260–9) and Tetricus I (271–4) (all
British Museum)
Fig. 5.7. ‘Barbarous’ radiate. Reformed radiates (aureliani) of Aurelian (fig. 5.8) and Carausius (fig. 5.9) (all British
Museum)
Aurelian, emperor 270–5, defeated the last Gallic emperor Tetricus in 274 and Britain and Gaul were
reabsorbed into the Roman Empire. Aurelian also reformed the coinage and struck a new coin, the
aurelianus, which had a silver content of a little under 5 per cent and weighed about twice as much
as the old coins (fig. 5.8). It is thought that the old coins – of which enormous quantities were in
circulation – were only accepted at a punishingly low rate against the new ones, and in Britain
and northern Gaul the evidence seems to be that the old coins continued to be used and the new
reformed issues are relatively rare. This is important for the interpretation of the many hoards that
close with coins of Tetricus (see below). Lastly, twelve years after being reunited with the rest of the
Empire, Britain split away again when Carausius established a separate domain including Britain
and, at first, part of northern Gaul.23 After a shaky start – Carausius’s earliest coins look as though
they had been produced by the same craftsmen as were responsible for ‘barbarous radiates’, his
22
For a discussion of barbarous radiates see Boon 1988, Davies 1992 and below, pp. 80–1.
23
Shiel 1977; Casey 1994; Williams 2004.
issues were struck at the same standard as the reformed coins of the central Empire (fig. 5.9). This
standard was maintained by Carausius’s successor Allectus who survived for two to three years
before the junior emperor in the west, Constantius, recaptured Britain in 295/6.24 This marks the
end of the radiate in Britain as Constantius brought with him a new denomination, the nummus,
which had been introduced about two years earlier. 25 The great concentration of hoarding at this
period has to be seen against this pattern of debasement and reform and change in political control.
5.3. Bronze and gold coinages in the third century
The currency system of the early Roman Empire had always been trimetallic, with substantial
coinage in gold and bronze beside silver, but these denominations withered away at this time.
Valerian and Gallienus ceased striking bronze coins before ad 260 (fig. 5.10), as the decline in the
silver coinage meant it was no longer economically viable to produce them.26 Postumus tried to
revive the bronze sestertii and struck what are believed to be double sestertii in the first few years of
his reign (fig. 5.11), but these too rapidly declined in size (fig. 5.12) and ceased to be issued after
about two years.
As regards the gold, emperors continued to strike gold aurei (fig. 5.13) but they too declined in
weight and fineness and, from the reign of Severus Alexander, were no longer produced to a con-
sistent weight, so seem to have circulated more as bullion than as money. 27 In any case, they all
but disappeared from circulation from Britain and no hoards of gold coins are known from Britain
between the late 2nd century ad and the reign of Carausius (apart from a not altogether convincing
reference to a hoard of ‘some rare Roman gold coins of Gallienus’ from Canterbury),28 while only
twenty-two single finds are known from this period. 29
Fig. 5.10. Sestertius of Gallienus (253–60): full-size (fig. 5.11) and reduced (fig. 5.12) double sestertii of Postumus (all
British Museum)
So for the second half of the third century ad, radiates made
of silver that became more and more debased were more or
less the only coins available. Fig. 5.15 from Andrew Burnett’s
book, Coinage in the Roman World, based on John Casey’s work,
shows the decline in the silver and gold coinage from Claudius
I through to Tetricus.
Fig. 5.13. Aurei of (a) Philip I (Vien-
na) (fig. 5.13) and (b) Gallienus (fig.
5.14) (British Museum)
24
Burnett 1984; Besly 2006.
25
However, as Richard Reece has pointed out (pers. comm.), radiates continued to be struck after the introduction of
nummi and these were actually preferred to the new nummi in Mediterranean provinces.
26
Estiot 2012.
27
See Bland 1994, 29, and Bland 2013b.
28
No. 1306 (Bland and Loriot 2010, cat. 333).
29
Fig. 5.15. Metal content of denarii and aurei (from Burnett 1987, after Casey 1980)
5.4. Scale of production of radiates
The consequence of all this is that radiates had to be made in great quantities to amount to any
significant value. A die study by Hans Gilljam of the coinage of the Gallic usurper Laelian, who
rebelled against Postumus at the end of his reign, has shown that the coinage was struck from 56
obverse dies.30 Gilljam also collected together figures of coins of Laelian in hoards: in his sample,
he found 286 coins of Laelian, compared with 81,027 coins of his successor Victorinus. Assuming
that the coins of both rulers were equally represented in hoards, as seems reasonable, this suggests
that coins of Victorinus (fig. 5.17) are 283 times as common as those of Laelian (fig. 5.16), implying
that Victorinus may have used 15,850 obverse dies. If we adopt a figure of 30,000 coins per obverse
die (and I know that is controversial but I think for these very low relief coins it could well be con-
servative),31 this would suggest a mintage of 476 million radiates over the course of his 20 month
30
Gilljam 1982 and 1986.
31
This is likely to be an under-estimate, as Laelian only had a short reign and it is likely that coin production in his
name would have come to an end suddenly. This would mean that his coin dies would not all have been used until
they wore out. Victorinus, on the other hand, reigned for about twenty months, and it can be assumed that his coin
dies (at least for his all issues except his final one) would have been used until they wore out. For a general discussion
of the problems of quantifying Roman coinage, see de Callataÿ 1995 and Van Heesch 2011.
reign, which comes out at 5.78 million per week – or nearly a

million a day, if the mint had one rest day a week.
On this basis, even the largest hoard of coins of this period, the
Cunetio treasure with 54,000 specimens, would not represent
much more than a twentieth of one day’s production at the
mint. I would not of course want to push those figures very hard
at all, but I think it is useful to have even the most approximate Figs. 5.16 and 5.17. Radiates of (a)
Laelian and (b) Victorinus (both Brit-
idea of the scale of coin production at this time. ish Museum)
5.5. Denominational composition of radiate hoards
Turning to the composition of the 763 radiate hoards from Britain, they contain a total of 718,434
coins. For the first twenty-five years of this period bronze coins continued to be issued, but they
do not enter into Britain in significant numbers: perhaps this was because so many bronze coins of
the later first and second centuries ad were already in circulation in the province. Only twenty-four
hoards of this period are comprised principally of bronze coins and they account for a total of no
more than 4,479 coins (less than one per cent of the total). I have already mentioned how few
gold coins of this period are found in Britain: there are only 6 from hoards of this period.32 Table
5.1 shows the breakdown by denomination of these hoards: 98.2 per cent of the coins in them are
radiates.
TABLE 5.1. Analysis by denominations of coins in hoards

Denomination Qty. %
Gold 6 >0.00
Radiates 674,904 98.02
Denarii 9,037 1.31
Sestertii 3,829 0.56
Dupondii, asses 659 0.09
Alexandrian tetradrachms 143 0.02
Not known 44,794 –
Total 733,272
However, the frequency of hoards does not reflect the frequency of coin finds. Fig. 5.18 shows the
number of hoards per annum, where the hoards of the radiate period form the peak.
If this pattern of hoards is compared with Richard Reece’s mean pattern of coins from sites in
Roman Britain (fig. 5.19), you can see how the hoards of radiates stand out, whereas among site
finds the peak is in the period from 330–48. This discrepancy is interesting as it suggests that the
large number of hoards of the period 238–96 does not solely reflect the large numbers of coins
being produced at this time: there must be an additional factor for which we need to account,
because otherwise the hoarding peak would be in the period 330–48.
32
At least two coins of Gallienus in the Canterbury hoard (checklist 1306): this find is not well described and there
must be some uncertainty as to whether these coins really were gold); two coins of Carausius in each of the Burton
Hey (1808) and Bradley (1809) hoards.
Fig. 5.18. Hoards per annum by Reece period33
Fig. 5.19. Site finds from Britain (after Reece 1995)
33
To allow it to be compared with the following chart of site finds, this has been constructed differently from fig.
2.4: each bar simply represents the number of hoards per Reece period, and it makes no allowance for the different
lengths of the periods.
5.6. Size of hoards
The first point is that many hoards of this period are very large. The five largest hoards of Roman
coins from Britain are all radiate hoards.
Cunetio Hoard (no. 1480; 1978): 54,951 coins to ad 27434
Irchester Hoard (no. 1740; 1963): 42,000 coins to ad 28035
Normanby Hoard (no. 1834; 1985): 47,912 coins to ad 28936
Frome Hoard (no. 1845; 2010): 52,503 coins to ad 29037
Blackmoor hoard (no. 1919; 1873): 29,788 coins to ad 295/638
In addition to these, the Dorchester Hoard (no. 1255) of 20,748 good quality radiates to ad 257,39
while smaller than the others and smaller than two 4th century nummus hoards,40 probably rep-
resents a greater amount of precious-metal than any of these hoards, while the Beau Street, Bath
hoard (no. 1388), is not far behind, with 17,577 coins, many of them denarii and good quality
radiates (see below).41
Fig. 5.20 presents an analysis of the number of coins in these hoards. For 100 finds we do not know
the number of coins, but of the 659 for which we do, the average size is 1,112 coins, a much higher
number than for any other period. However, the largest group of hoards have between 10 and 49
coins, so these are finds of quite low value.
Fig. 5.20. Analysis of the size of radiate hoards
34
Besly and Bland 1983.
35
Robertson 2000, 755.
36
Bland and Burnett 1988.
37
Moorhead, Booth and Bland 2010.
38
Bland 1982.
39
Mattingly 1939.
40
See table 6.6 for the largest hoards of the 4th and 5th centuries.
41
Ghey 2014.
5.7. Date of burial
An issue that needs to be addressed is whether the date of burial of a hoard is necessarily the date
of the latest coin in it (see also p. 48). I would argue that for the whole of this period, with one
exception, there was a regular supply of fresh issues to Britain, so that it is likely that in most cases
the burial of a hoard will follow soon after the latest coin. Obviously for the very smallest hoards,
this connection may be weaker. The one period when the supply of new coin seems to have been
disrupted is after the defeat of Tetricus I in 274 when Britain was reunited with the rest of the
Empire, which by then was using the reformed aureliani, which only occur in Britain in small quan-
tities; this means therefore, that many of the hoards that close with coins of Tetricus could have
been buried significantly later than 274.
In addition to this, determining the date of the latest coin is not always straightforward during the
period of the Gallic and British empires because, while in both cases, it is likely that the latest coins
will be of the Gallic or British emperors rather than their contemporaries in Rome, there are a few
examples where the opposite is the case. Robertson’s Inventory is difficult to use because she did not
make this distinction. It is therefore necessary to look carefully at the latest issues in every hoard.
Fig. 5.21. Coin of Probus from the Bredon Hill hoard Fig. 5.22. Excavation of the hoard (Portable Antiquities
Scheme)
It is also possible that hoards could be discovered and redeposited in the Roman period, or, indeed
not deposited at all until considerably after the latest coin. In 2011 a hoard of 3,847 third-century
radiates, closing with 36 specimens of Probus (276–82: fig. 5.21), was found by a metal detector
user at Bredon Hill in Worcestershire in 2011 (no. 1745). This was the subject of an archaeological
investigation which concluded that the hoard was buried inside a building which was dated to not
before 350 and that the pit appeared to cut through layers containing fourth century pottery, but
the hole made to remove the hoard unfortunately removed this evidence (fig. 5.22). 42 Another pos-
sible example of a radiate hoard that was buried 120 years later than the date of the latest coin was
excavated at a Romano-British site at Redhill, Lilleshall, Shropshire (no. 1437).43 Here excavations
in 1973 in advance of road building brought to light a hoard of 69 radiates, closing with coins of
Tetricus (271–4), deposited in a ditch (Ditch VII) which also contained a coin of Honorius in its
infill, therefore dating to after 395. However, since the ditch surrounded an enclosure whose func-
tion is not certain, this is not a clear cut example either, although the relative proximity of the two
hoards is interesting (they are 50 miles apart). Although the archaeological evidence that suggests
that the date of deposition of these hoards was considerably later than the date of the latest issues is
ambiguous in both cases – which could be explained by the later re-deposition of these finds – they
do at least remind us that we cannot assume unquestioningly that all hoards of this period were
placed in the ground shortly after the date of the latest issue.
42
Bland 2013a, 230−2. For the excavation see Historic Environment and Archaeology Service, Worcestershire County
Council, Archaeological excavation near Elmley Castle, Worcestershire: assessment and updated project design. Preliminary
Report (2011).
43
Browne and Boon 2004.
5.8. Some individual hoards
(a) The Cunetio hoard

We have already seen that the largest hoard of this period – and indeed the largest from Britain
of any period – was found at Cunetio in 1978 and contained 54,950 coins, closing with issues of
Tetricus (no. 1480, pl. 21).
Fig. 5.23. Roman Cunetio, showing the findspot of the Cunetio hoard (Besly and Bland 1983)
The hoard was found on the edge of a small Roman town at an important road junction (fig. 5.23,
pl. 22). Although this requires further work, there are some indications that the hoard may be asso-
ciated with a temple.44
Besly and Bland 1983, 173-4. The most recent archaeological work on the site was done by Time Team in 2009: see
44
Wessex Archaeology 2011.

(b) The Frome hoard

One of the most intriguing pieces of contextual information came from the discovery of the Frome
hoard (no. 1845).45 This was found by metal detector user, Dave Crisp, while detecting on farmland
near Frome in Somerset in April 2010. The archaeological record contained no information about
Roman activity on this field, although Mr Crisp had found a stray coin of Hadrian and some sherds
of Roman pottery. His first discovery was a scattered group of 146 late fourth-century siliquae (no.
2764) and subsequent research revealed that a hoard of 111 coins of the same type had been dis-
covered on the same farm in 1867 (no. 2700), so perhaps this was another portion of that hoard.
He continued to search in the same field and received another response about 100 metres from the
findspot of the siliquae. Digging down, he uncovered the top of a large pot that turned out to be full
of coins. At that point he stopped and his local Finds Liaison Officers arranged for the hoard to be
excavated by the archaeologist Alan Graham.
Because of the size of the pot and the weight of the coins, it was dismantled in situ and the coins
were removed carefully layer by layer in over 80 context bags. There were 52,503 coins, making it
the second largest hoard ever to be discovered in Britain. Apart from five silver denarii of Carausius,
the coins were all radiates of base silver, dating from 253 to c.291 (the last two issues of Carausius
were not represented). This is a summary of the hoard, based on a preliminary classification; it is a
typical hoard of a well known class.
The excavation (fig. 5.24) has given us vital evidence about how it was buried. The first point that
became obvious is that the pot, which is quite thin, could never have borne the 160 kg of coins – it
would immediately have collapsed under the weight of them. So the pot must have been placed in
the ground empty and then the coins added to it. Because the coins were carefully recovered in a
series of 10 layers – or spits – we know that most of the coins of Carausius (the latest coins in the
hoard) were more than halfway down the pot and Fig. 5.25 shows the numbers of his coins in each
layer. In addition the 43 Carausian coins in the top two layers have a much earlier chronological
spread than those found lower down the pot. So the coins must all have been placed in the pot on
a single occasion.
TABLE 5.2. Provisional summary of the Frome hoard

Central Empire (14,788) Date Qty Gallic Empire (28,377) Date Qty
Valerian and Gallienus 253–60 46 Postumus 260–9 257
Gallienus and Salonina 260–8 6,495 Laelian 269 4
Claudius II 268–70 5,421 Marius 269 35
Divus Claudius 270 1,227 Victorinus 269–71 7,504
Quintillus 270 333 Tetricus I 271–4 12,416
Aurelian and Severina 270–5 279 Tetricus II 272–4 5,203
Tacitus and Florian 275–6 262 Gallic uncertain 260–74 2,954
Probus 276–82 619 British Empire (766)
Carus and family 282–5 46 Carausius 286–93 766
Diocletian and Maximian 284–96 60 Copies (314) 314
Illegible (8,261) 8,261
This calls into question the traditional interpretation of hoards of this period. If the original owners
of this hoard had intended to come back and recover it later then surely they would have buried
their coins in smaller containers which would have been easier to recover? The only way anyone
could have recovered this hoard would have been by breaking the pot and scooping the coins out
of it, which would have been awkward. In addition there is the fact that another hoard of silver
siliquae, just 100 years later in date, was buried in the same field (no. 2764). Could this have been a
sacred field?46 It is interesting to note that the hoard was buried on high ground, in land that would
become waterlogged without drainage.
45
46
This suggestion was first made by Richard Reece.
Fig. 5.24. Plan of the Frome hoard pot (Moorhead, Booth and Bland 2010, drawn by Alan Graham)
The great majority of hoards found today are metal detector finds
and little information is available about their archaeological context,
although analysis of hoards from archaeological excavations through
the Hoards project shows that these finds have a variety of contexts –
buildings, boundaries, rubbish pits etc. A typical metal-detected find
is the Chalgrove hoard (fig. 5.26).47 This seemed like a typical radiate
hoard, but it included a coin of Domitian of Gaul (fig. 5.27).48
Fig. 5.25. Numbers of coins of

Carausius in each layer (courte-
sy Mike Pitts)
Fig. 5.26. The Chalgrove, Ox-

fordshire hoard, discovered in
2003, with 4,957 radiates to ad
279 (Ashmolean Museum)
47
No. 1720; CHRB XII.
48
Abdy 2009.
(c) The Dorchester hoard

This hoard (no. 1255), which had 20,732 radiates (and 16 denarii) down
to ad 257 and is still the largest hoard of early silver radiates, was found in
a bronze jug, bronze basin and what had been a wooden keg with bronze
clasps while building a new Marks & Spencer in Dorchester in 1936: it was
in a pit in the garden of a large Roman building (fig. 5.28).49
Fig. 5.27. The hoard in-
cluded a specimen of Domi-
tian of Gaul (Ashmolean
Museum)
Fig. 5.28. The Dorchester hoard (Abdy 2002)
(d) Hoards in multiple containers

There are several examples of hoards found in several containers: Chalfont St Peter (chapter 2, fig.
2.11),50 Oliver’s Orchard,51 Beachy Head,52 Stockton-on-the-Forest53 were all buried in three or more
containers in which the coins were carefully graded and these have the potential to give us insights
into coin circulation at this time.54
49
Mattingly 1939; Abdy 2002.
50
3 pots with terminal dates 268, 272−3 and 273: no. 1725, Rob. 740A.
51
3 pots with terminal dates 268, 273−4 (2): no. 1429, Rob. 696.
52
6 hoards with terminal dates 268, 272−3, 274, 272−4, 282 and 276−82, found on different occasions, but likely to
be connected: nos. 1302, 1412, 1477, 1607, 1744 and 1770; Rob. 492, 705, 704, 728 and 780.
53
3 pots with terminal dates 273−4, 282 and 295−6: nos. 1444, 1748 and 1927; PATAR 2008, 527, 532 and 537.
54
Callu 1979.
A remarkable hoard was excavated by

Cotswold Archaeology at Beau Street
in the Roman city of Bath in 2007 (no.
1388).55 It was removed by the excava-
tors in a single large soil block and an
X-ray revealed that the hoard was bur-
ied in eight separate bags – although
the material had perished, the shape
of the coins in the bags could be seen
clearly. The hoard contained in all
17,577 coins, ranging from one bag
which consisted mainly of denarii of
the early 3rd century, to four bags of
radiates of the period from Gordian to
Valerian and three more of base radiates
(fig. 5.29 and table 5.3). The latest coins
are of Tetricus and it is reasonable to
assume that the bags were all placed in
the ground at the same time (although
they could have been added to). Hoards
such as this that have been found
during the course of archaeological
investigations are particularly valuable,
as their contexts can give us important
pointers as to why they might have
been placed in the ground. In the case
of metal detected finds, it is necessary
to search for contexts.
Fig. 5.29. X-ray of the Beau Street hoard in its soil block before
conservation, showing six of the eigtht bags that contained the
coins (courtesy University of Southampton)
TABLE 5.3. Summary of contents of the Beau Street hoard

Bag No. of coins Main denomination End date
1 3,803 Silver radiates ad 272–4
2 3,023 Base radiates ad 272–4
5 773 Silver radiates ad 260–9
6 1,785 Silver denarii ad 253–260
7 406 Base radiates ad 272–4
8 253 Base radiates ad 272–4
Loose coins 2,508 Base radiates ad 272–4
Total 17,577
Sometimes, it seems, hoards could be deliberately thrown away. A hoard of at least 622 small mod-
ule radiate copies – barbarous radiates – was excavated by archaeologists in a rubbish pit in Cardiff
Castle, a Roman fort, in 2006 (no. 1684) and is discussed in chapter 2 (fig. 2.9, p. 17).
55
Ghey 2014, fig. 30.
5.9. Chronological distribution of radiate hoards
The hoards are not evenly distributed over this period of 58 years (238–295/6: Table 5.4). The
number of hoards that close with the issues of Gordian and his successors down to Valerian is
low; slightly more end with coins of Postumus or the sole reign of Gallienus and more still with
Victorinus and there is then a great peak of hoards whose latest coins are of Tetricus and the num-
ber then falls back again after that. I have divided the hoards into eight periods with maps for the
distribution of hoards from each period. The maps also include the single finds recorded by the
Portable Antiquities Scheme from that period to provide a context for the hoard distributions.56 In
addition to these, there are also eight hoards which close with nummi of 295/6 to 318 but which
consist principally of radiates57 (see chapter 6, p. 101). There are also at least 11 hoards of radiates
of uncertain date.
TABLE 5.4. Summary of radiate hoards from Britain by reign

Reign Date Qty
Balbinus 238 1
Gordian 238–44 19
Philip 244–9 18
Trajan Decius 249–51 9
Trebonianus Gallus 251–3 3
Valerian and Gallienus 253–60 17
Postumus 260–9 60
Claudius II 268–70 11
Quintillus 270 2
Marius–Victorinus 269–71 45
Aurelian (early) 270–1 4
Tetricus 271–4 241
Aurelian (post–reform) 274–5 4
Barbarous radiates c.275–85 53
Tacitus and Florian 275–6 12
Probus 276–82 79
Carus et sui 282–5 9
Diocletian and Maximian (before 286) 284–6 20
Carausius 286–93 89
Allectus 293–6 57
Uncertain 11
(a) Balbinus – Aemilian (238–53)

(50 hoards; 742 coins on PAS database;58 map 13)
This is the early radiate phase when the coins still contain a significant proportion of silver and
there are many denarii in circulation (as well as bronze coins, though they are rare in hoards). There
are 3.3 hoards per year, a rather low volume: Hobbs showed that the epicentre of hoarding in this
56
Ideally the background distribution map of single finds would comprise coins from all sources, including excavated
contexts, but these data have not been gathered to together. Walton (2012) did include data from a sample of 368
excavated sites in her study, but these are not classified in sufficient detail to be included in the maps in the present
paper. It should also be noted that the PAS database incorporates the coins from Wales recorded by Guest and Wells
in the Iron Age and Roman coins in Wales project (Guest & Wells 2007), which included 52,813 coins from 1,172
separate finds and these data were drawn from all sources: the distributions of coin finds from Wales are, therefore,
proportionately much more complete than those from England.
57
Nos. 1969, 1971, 1974, 1984, 1987, 2002, 2006 and 2032.
58
As of 1 August 2017. I have excluded the Welsh data from the PAS figures, since these are derived from Giest &
Wells’s Iron Age and Roman Coins in Wales project (Guest and Wells 2007), which includes hoards.
period is in the eastern Danube (fig. 5.34).59 Only five hoards consist of bronze coins,60 demonstrat-
ing the limited circulation of bronze coinage of this period in Britain (there are no gold hoards).
The main variation among the 45 hoards of silver coins concerns the proportion of denarii to radi-
ates. Radiates had been struck between 215 and 219, then ceased production, to be reintroduced
in 238 and the hoards of this period demonstrate the gradual replacement of the denarius with the
radiate. There seems little doubt that the radiate was tariffed at two denarii when it was first struck,
even though in weight it was only the equivalent of 1.6 denarii; the overvaluation of the larger
denomination makes it unlikely that the two would have circulated together and most, but not all,
hoards of this period consist primarily of one denomination or the other.61 By and large the pattern
is that the earlier, finer coins are removed from circulation quite rapidly at this time.62
It is difficult to draw many conclusions from the geographical distribution of the hoards (map
13), although the series of three close to the Roman road Littlechester and Templeborough on
the south-eastern edge of the Pennines is potentially interesting, as are the four hoards strung out
across the central Pennines close to the road from Ribchester to York, but it is probably not safe to
draw any conclusions from these two groups as the individual hoards that comprise them are not
contemporary.
(b) Valerian and Gallienus (joint reign), 253–60

(17 hoards; 1,157 coins on PAS database; map 14)
This is a small group of 17 hoards which, in their nature, can be seen as an appendix to group (a):
denarii continue to account for a significant proportion of the silver coinage, while there are no
hoards of bronze coins. The group is dominated by the large Dorchester hoard of 1936 which con-
tained 20,748 coins, all but 16 radiates (no. 1255, fig. 5.28). There are too few hoards to allow any
conclusions to be drawn from their distribution.
(c) The Gallic Empire (1), Postumus and Victorinus. 260–71

(122 hoards; 4,062 coins on PAS database; map 15)
When, in 260, in response to the crisis caused by the capture of Valerian I by Sapur, the governor of
Germany Postumus declared himself emperor he created what we term today the ‘Gallic Empire’,
which survived for fourteen years under five rulers:63 it is unlikely that Postumus or his contempo-
raries saw it as that.64 Gallienus remained in control of the central part of the Empire for a further
eight years. The volume of hoards increases to ten per year.
The last substantial issues of bronze coins (sestertii and double sestertii) were issued by Postumus
in the first two years of his reign65 and there is a group of nine hoards66 that consist mainly of
59
Hobbs 2006.
60
4 close with Gordian: Flamstead, Herts (no. 1200; 8 den., 44 ses. and 22 AE2) Cheselbourne, Dorset (no. 1205, 12
ses. and 7 AE2); Littleport, Cambs (no. 1209, 29 AE2); Cowbit, Lincs (no. 1214, 91 ses. and 1 AE2); Felixstowe, Suffolk
(no. 1217, 37 aes); and one with Philip: Scottow, Norfolk (no. 1230, 19 ses. and 13 AE2). For comparison, there are 30
first-century hoards with bronze coins (Claudius - Nerva), 84 of the second century (Trajan - Commodus) and 39 of
the first half of the 3rd century (Severus – Postumus).
61
See Bland 1997 for a detailed discussion of the relationship between the radiate and the denarius and hoarding at
this period. The Lime Street hoard (1882, tpq 251, no. 1243) contained roughly equal numbers of both denominations
(437 denarii and 363 radiates), while denarii are excluded from the Dorchester hoard (tpq 257, no. 1255: 20,732 radiates
and 16 denarii) and radiates from Cadeby (1981, tpq 250−1, no. 1242: 103 denarii and 9 radiates).
62
Casey 1980, 56.
63
Postumus, Laelian, Marius, Victorinus and Tetricus: six if Domitian is included.
64
Drinkwater 1987; Mairat 2014.
65
Aurelian revived the production of the as in his reform at the end of his reign, but this did not last beyond his
death.
66
Stowting, Kent (no. 1268, c.400 sestertii); Ham Hill 1882, Somerset (no. 1269, 1,066 ses.); Whitchurch, Bath and NE
Somerset (no. 1267, 18 ses.); St Levan III, Cornwall (no. 1271, 176 ses. and 3 AE2); Leysdown, Kent (no. 1272, 493 ses.
and 7 copies of AE2); Nevill Holt, Leics (no. 1274, 169 ses. and 84 AE2); Leigh, Staffs (no. 1276, 34 ses.); Ramsgate, Kent
(no. 1273, 27 ses.) and Flaggrass, Cambs (no. 1270, 9 ses.). None of these hoards contains any silver coins.
predominantly of bronze and a further nine that contained both silver and bronze coins.67 The
hoards show how denarii are progressively withdrawn from circulation in this period: they contain
a total of 3,005 denarii compared to 22,008 radiates.68
Table 5.5 sets out the date of the latest coins in this group of hoards and there is a distinct
concentration at the end of the period: 36 hoards close with coins issued between 260 and 268
(4.5 per year), while there are 54 that close with coins of 268–71 (18 per annum): this points to an
increase in the hoarding rate towards the end of the period which reaches an apparent peak in the
reign of Tetricus.
TABLE 5.5. Terminal dates of hoards in group (c), 260–71

Date No. of hoards Notes
260–2 4 Includes 3 bronze hoards
261 8 Includes 5 bronze hoards
262–6 3
263–6 2
264–5 1
265–6 2
266–7 7
266–8 1
268 8
260–8/9 23 Postumus or Gallienus (sole reign) (uncertain)
268–9 10
269 2
270 2
269–71 20 Victorinus (uncertain)
269–70 4
270–1 5
271 15
270–2 4 Aurelian (pre-reform issues)
Total 121
Geographically it is noteworthy that there are significant clusters of hoards from the south west,
Devon and Cornwall, south east Wales, the Chilterns to the north and north west of London and
South Yorkshire (map 15). The PAS finds are very numerous for this period and it is interesting that
some areas which are very rich in PAS finds have no hoards or very few: Suffolk, central Hampshire
and the limestone belt from Northamptonshire south west to Gloucestershire.
(d) The Gallic Empire (2): Tetricus and hoards closing with issues of Aurelian after 274
(245 hoards; 5,535 coins on PAS database, map 16)
The greatest concentration of radiate hoards close with coins of the reign of Tetricus, which lasted
three years: 245. However, since the time of Mattingly numismatists have noted that it cannot be
assumed that all these hoards were put in the ground during this short period of time, as there is a
particular problem concerning coin circulation after the defeat of Tetricus in 274. As noted above,
the reformed coins of Aurelian were not popular in Britain because they seem to have been tariffed
at a high rate compared with the unreformed coins of Tetricus and his predecessors:69 there are 195
coins of Aurelian and Severina on the PAS database from England compared with 5,505 coins of
Tetricus I and II, and 163 of Tacitus and Florian and 328 of Probus.
67
Alcester 3, Warks (no. 1293: 51 ses and 95 rad.); Letwell, S Yorks (no. 1280: 29 ses. and 3 rad.); Lavant II, W Sussex
(no. 1284: 7 ses. and 2 rad.); Littleport 1931 (no. 1326: 1,028 ses., 40 rad. and 7 den.); Wantage, Oxon (no. 1332, 29
AE2 and 1 rad.); Gare, Cornwall (no. 1350: 1,028 ses., 9 AE2, 40 rad. and 7 den.); Bourne End, Herts (no. 1354, 29 ses., 6
AE2 and 5 rad.); Wareham I, Dorset (no. 1384, 1 ses., 7 AE2, 1,412 rad. and 149 den.) and Adderstone, Northumberland
(no. 1387, 16 ses. and 12 rad.).
68
Among the 222 hoards of the next period there are only 2,472 denarii compared to 206,325 radiates.
69
Mattingly 1951.
In fact closer analysis of the hoards that close with Tetricus shows that most were likely not to have
been placed in the ground until after the end of his reign. For 106 of these hoards we have details
of the types of coins of Tetricus and all these close with coins of the last three issues of the reign
from the principal mint of Trier; these issues are dated to mid 272 to early 274 according to Mairat,70
while 67 of the 106 close with the final issues of Tetricus I and II. These are by no means the largest
issues of the reign, as in the Normanby hoard they only account for 15.5 per cent of all the coins of
the Tetrici, whereas the previous issue 4 from Trier accounts of over half (56.4 per cent) of the coins
of Tetricus present in the hoard (see Table 5).71
This suggests that only some of these hoards were buried during Tetricus’s reign and that the major-
ity were either buried at the very end of his reign or in the twelve years after that, between 274
and the accession of Carausius in 286, as the evidence is that the reformed aureliani of Aurelian
and his successors were discriminated against in Britain (or were not used), a fact that the statistics
of finds recorded by PAS seem to bear out. To these may be added the 120 hoards of group (e) that
TABLE 5.6. Date of latest issue in hoards that close with coins of Tetricus and Aurelian (post-reform)
Issue (Mairat 2014) Rev. Types Date (Mairat No. of No. of hoards Qty in
2014) hoards with fewer Normanby
than 10 coins hoard
Cologne issue 1 Divus Victorinus c. mid 271 0 0 26 (0.12%)
Trier issue 1 T I: VICTORIA AVG; SPES c. mid 271 0 0 23 (0.11%)
PVBLICA; CONCORDIA
AVG
Cologne issue 2 T I: FIDES MILITVM (obv c. mid 271 0 0 28 (0.13%)
IMP C G P ESVVIVS and
CP ESV AVG)
Trier issue 2 T I: VICTORIA AVG; SPES c. mid–end 271 0 0 89 (0.41%)
PVBLICA; CONCORDIA
AVG
Cologne issue 3 T I: FIDES MILITVM c. mid–end 271 0 0 577 (2.67%)

(obv.IMP – AVG)
Trier issue 3 T I: VICTORIA AVG c. end 271– 1 0 659 (3.05%)
mid 272
Cologne issue 4 T I: FIDES MILITVM c. early 272 0 0 210 (0.97%)

(obv IMP – PF AVG)
Cologne issue 5 T I: LAETITIA AVG N c. early– 2 0 1630 (7.55%)
mid 272
Trier issue 4 T I: PAX AVG, COMES c. mid 272– 25 4 12,168
AVG, SPES PVBLICA, end 273 (56.36%)
LAETITIA AVGG T II:
PIETAS AVGG/AVGVSTOR;
PRINC IVVENT; SPES
PVBLICA
Trier issue 5 T I: HILARITAS AVGG, c. end 273 11 2 2826
VIRTVS AVGG (13.09%)
Trier issues 5/6 T II: SPES AVGG c. end 273– 20 0 2156 (9.99%)
early 274
Trier issue 6 T I: SALVS AVGG c. early 274 47 0 1199 (5.55%)
Uncertain 135
Aurelian Post-reform 274–5 4 0
70
Mairat 2014: see Table 5.6.
71
I have chosen to use the data from the Normanby hoard as a means of comparing the relative frequency of issues
of the Tetrici both because the hoard closes in the reign of Carausius, so we can be confident that the later issues
should be present in equal proportion to the earlier ones and secondly because it contains 21,591 coins of the reign,
the biggest group from any hoard.
include coins of Tacitus, Florian, Probus, Carus and family, Diocletian and Maximian, which can
most probably be dated to the years between 275 and 286 and the 53 hoards of barbarous radiates
(group (f)). It seems most likely that the great majority of the hoards in groups (d), (e) and (f) are
earlier than Carausius, as his coins are very commonly found in Britain: there were 3,144 on the
PAS database in August 2017.
Light can also be thrown on the question of whether Tetrican hoards are likely to have been depos-
ited after 274 by examining those hoards that do contain later coins issued between the 274 and
the start of Carausius’s usurpation in 286. There are 120 such hoards in all, and 77 of them are
described in sufficient detail to enable us to determine how many coins they contain that post-date
274 (table 5.8). In the great majority of cases, these hoards only contain a small proportion of such
coins:
TABLE 5.7. Percentage of post-reform coins in hoards of group (e), 274–86

Percentage of post-reform coins No. of hoards
Less than 1% post-reform coins 27
1%–5% post-reform coins 31
5%–10: post-reform coins 10
More than 10% post-reform coins 9
Average % of post-reform coins 7.76
There seems to be no appreciable trend towards post-reform coins becoming more numerous
towards the end of this period.72 The relative scarcity of post-reform coins in such hoards must
therefore make it more likely that many of the Tetrican hoards that close with the final issues of
Tetricus I (SALVS AVGG) and Tetricus II (SPES AVGG) were placed in the ground after 274 simply
because post-reform coins were so relatively scarce in Britain between 274 and 286: statistically
one would not expect to find coins issued later than 274 in hoards of fewer than 50 coins.73 Taking
account of both this consideration and the fact that 67 of the 106 Tetrican hoards whose latest coin
is known go down to the latest issues of the reign, it seems likely that perhaps two-thirds of the
241 Tetrican hoards were actually placed in the ground between 274 and the start of Carausius’s
usurpation in 286.74
Geographically Tetrican hoards are widely distributed (map 16), which is unsurprising given the
number of them: Cornwall and Devon are well represented and, indeed, they are found along the
South coast as far as east as Beachy Head; there is a large group in Somerset and Gloucestershire
and they occur in London and Surrey and in Essex and Hertfordshire, while Norfolk and Suffolk are
under-represented, there are many from the Fens to the west. They occur in Wales and the North
(including along Hadrian’s Wall and north of the Wall – the only radiate hoards to which that
applies). Lastly, there is a significant cluster in the Doncaster area, discussed below.
(e) Tacitus, Florian, Probus, Carus and family and Diocletian and Maximian before Carausius’s
usurpation in AD 286
(120 hoards; 670 coins on PAS database, map 17)
One hundred and twenty hoards contain the reformed issues struck by the emperors who reigned
after the unification of Britain and Gaul with the rest of the Empire by Aurelian and before the
usurpation of Carausius: these therefore definitely post-date the end of the Gallic Empire. Their
terminal dates are summarised in the table below:
72
Of the 9 hoards with 10% or more post-reform coins, 2 close in 276, 1 in 277, 1 is 278, 1 in 282, 1 in 283−4 and 3
in 285−6.
73
Fourteen of the 67 hoards that close with the latest issues of Tetricus I and II have fewer than 50 coins in all.
74
The Aldbourne hoard (no. 1712) provides a salutary lesson in the fact that further discoveries can change the
terminal dates of hoards: the first discovery of 4,780 coins from this hoard in 1980 (CHRB IV) and the first addenda
of a further 297 coins (CHRB IX) contained no issues later than Tetricus; however, a second addenda found in 2007
contained a coin of Probus dated to 277.
TABLE 5.8. Date of latest issue in group (e) hoards (275–86)

Reign Issue Date No. of hoards
Tacitus 275–6 10
Florian 276 2
Probus Lyon issue 1 276 3
Probus Alexandria, year 2 276–7 1
Probus Lyon issue 5 277–8 3
Probus Lyon issue 6 278–9 8
Probus Not known 276–82 27
Carus et sui 282–5 9
Diocletian and Maximian before Carausius 284–6 20
There are peaks of hoarding at the start of the period, in 275–6 (15 hoards) and at the end (282–6,
49 hoards), with relatively fewer in between. However, given that we have seen that perhaps two-
thirds of the 245 Tetrican hoards of group (d) were also buried in this period, perhaps this pattern
is not particularly significant. It is not, of course, possible to date the Tetrican hoards that should
be included within this group more precisely than the period 274–86.
For that reason too, the geographical distribution of the hoards in this group may not be particu-
larly significant as they will only account for a proportion of the hoards buried during these years
(map 17). This group of hoards is quite widely distributed across Britain and the most notable
divergence from the underlying pattern of contemporary PAS finds seems to be a group in central
Lancashire and Cheshire across to northern Derbyshire.
(f) ‘Barbarous radiates’ of c.275–c.286

This is a group of hoards that consist exclusively or largely of contemporary copies of radiates
known for convenience as ‘barbarous radiates’, mostly of very small module, known as minimi.
These coins used to be attributed to the post-Roman period (‘King Arthur’s small change’75), but the
discovery of a hoard of very small module minimi in the excavation of the theatre at Verulamium
in a secure third-ontext proved that they were in fact contemporary with the issues that they cop-
ied,76 and George Boon argued in his overview of contemporary copies of Roman coins from Britain
that the small module copies, which clearly were not intended to pass as regular coins, were most
likely struck during the period between the end of the Gallic Empire in 274 and the usurpation of
Carausius in 286 in order to fulfil the demand for small change, as the only new coins entering
Britain in these years were the over-valued reformed radiates or aureliani.77
John Davies studied hoards of barbarous radiates in this doctoral thesis, dividing them into two
groups which have very different distributions.78 Hoards with regular issues combined with cop-
ies that are the same module as the regular coins which they copy, categorised as class A, have a
‘normal’ distribution, with their main focus in the south and east of Britain;79 his class B hoards,
75
My thanks to Richard Reece for pointing out that this term was actually coined by the press speaking of hoards of
FEL TEMP REPARATIO copies excavated by Mortimer Wheeler at Lydney Park.
76
No. 1659; Rob. 797.
77
Boon 1988.
78
Davies 1988: for a summary of his PhD research see Davies 1992.
79 Davies 1992, fig. 2 on p. 216.
which contain small module copies (minimi) and normally no regular issues, have a very different
distribution, with a strong bias in the north and west of Britain.80
In this paper, the hoards in group (f) either consist exclusively of copies81 – Davies’s class B – while
some contain a few regular coins, but where the latest coin is a contemporary copy.82 These hoards
cannot, therefore, be more precisely dated than to c.274 to c.286. Many, if not most, of the hoards
in the other groups also contain copies, often in significant numbers, but in those cases the latest
coins are regular issues.
Geographically the most notable feature of these hoards is their south west bias (map 18): there are
three from Cornwall and a group of ten along the Severn estuary, in Somerset and Gloucestershire
and south Wales, while there is a group of eight hoards from Sussex, although the distribution of
the hoards in my group (f) is broader than Davies’s class B, partly no doubt the result of 20 years’
worth of new discoveries. This is an issue that would warrant more detailed investigation.
(g) Carausius
Of the 89 hoards whose latest coins date to the reign of Carausius, there are 50 in which the coins
are identified sufficiently to determine to which issue they belong. Details of these hoards are given
in table 5.9. 83
TABLE 5.9. Hoards closing in reign of Carausius

No. Hoard County Reference Total Total, Latest coins
qty. Carausius
Group (a), c.286–8
1808 Burton Hey Cheshire Bland and Loriot 2 2 2 aurei: Rouen (2)
(near Chester) 2010, 69–70
1809 Bradley Derbyshire CHRB XIII 2 2 2 aurei:
(Ashbourne area) Unmarked (1);
Rouen (1)
1810 Puncknoll Dorset Rob. 876; Shiel p. 46, 31 107 1 Unmarked (1)
1811 Canterbury Kent Rob. 849; Shiel p. 40, 8 6 1 Unmarked (1)
1977A
1814 Preshute, Wiltshire 2013 T438 465 6 Unmarked (6):
Marlborough
1812 Asthall Oxfordshire CHRB X 25 2 Unmarked (2)
1817 Kilby (South Leicestershire 2008 T473 7,065 1 Unmarked (1) 1
Leics)
1818 Ewelme 1722 Oxfordshire Rob. 943; Shiel 337 2 Unmarked (2)
p. 42, 18
1819 Townley Hoard Uncertain Rob. 687 1,030 3 Unmarked (3)
1822 Verulamium Hertfordshire Rob. 845; Shiel 19 19 Unmarked or
(Building V, 1, p. 60, 11 ‘slightly
Room 19) barbarous’
copying L//ML
and IMI
1820 Salem Ceredigion TAR 1998–99, 303; 48 1 Unmarked: no
NC 2001, 32; Guest further details
and Wells 686
1
Only a sample of 140 coins from this hoard were cleaned and identified. The hoard has been acquired by Leicester
Museums Service.
80
Davies 1992, fig. 3 on p. 217.
81
Mostly of rulers from Gallienus to Quintillus and the Gallic emperors, the latest emperors copied are Tacitus and
Probus.
82
For example, Calverton 1959 (no. 1665, Rob. 802) contains 219 regular coins (to Tetricus) compared with 1,241
barbarous, but the latest coins are barbarous copies of Probus. Calverton 1960 (no.1666, Rob. 803) has a similar pattern
with 32 regular coins to Tetricus and 261 barbarous copies, closing with a copy of Probus.
83
For a complete list of hoards that close with Carausius see Checklist.
TABLE 5.9. Cont.

qty. Carausius
1813 Wroxeter Shropshire Rob. 858; Shiel 16 4 Denarii (4): RSR
(Temple) p. 51, 49 (3) and
unmarked (1)
1815 Strata Florida Ceredigion Rob. 898; Shiel p. 49, 16 1 Denarius (1)
42; Guest and Wells 688
Group (b), c.288–9

1824 Silchester Hampshire Rob. 842; Shiel p. 48, 40 42 36 London: - -//ML
(Insula 2) (1); unmarked
(35)
1823 South Norwood Greater London Rob. 851; Shiel p. 48, 41 55 48 London: --//ML
(4); unmarked
(44)
1825 Market Drayton Shropshire NC 2010; CHRB XIII 175 8 London: --//ML
(3); unmarked (5)
1829 Caernarvon Gwynedd Rob. 864; Shiel p. 47, 56 1 London: --//ML
(Segontium 37; Guest and Wells (1)
strongroom) 1047
1827 Hammersmith Greater London Rob. 855; Shiel p. 58, 5 7 7 London: --//ML
(? qty)’ C mint:
--//C (? qty)
1832 Lancaster Lancashire Rob. 853; Shotter 1990, 15 2 London:
(Mitre Yard) 134 mint-marks not
stated, no C mint
coins
Group (c), c.289-90

1826 Croydon Greater London Rob. 860 99 81 London: F O//ML
(2); C mint: --//C
(2); unmarked
(64); Rouen (1);
RSR (1)
1828 Dinorben Conwy Rob. 869; Shiel p. 41, 6 2 London: F O//ML
12; Guest and Wells 908 (1)
1830 Llanfihangel din Isle of Anglesey Rob. 895; Shiel p. 44, 61 45 London (7): F O//
Sylwy (Bwrdd 26; Guest and Wells ML (2); C mint
Arthur) 1096 (2): --//MC
(1); S P//- (1);
unmarked (36)
1831 Wentwood Mill Monmouthshire Rob. 903; Shiel p. 50, 1,051 12 London: F O//ML
(Caerwent) 48; Guest and Wells (? qty.)
177
1833 Canterbury Kent Rob. 848; Shiel, p. 40, 5 117 117 London: F O//ML
1977B (? Qty.)
1834 Normanby Lincolnshire Rob. 854; CHRB VIII 47,908 69 London: F O//ML
(2); C mint: --//
MC (1); F O//C
(1); unmarked
(54); Rouen (1);
RSR (3)
1835 Kimbolton Herefordshire IARCH-4BBCF2 518 8 Carausius (8):
(Leominster) Rouen (1);
London (1: --//
ML); C mint
(1: --//MC);
unmarked (3);
copies (2)
TABLE 5.9. Cont.

qty. Carausius
1836 Linchmere West Sussex Rob. 861; Shiel p. 43, 22 812 534 London: F O//ML
(375); C mint:
--//CXXI (3); --//
MCXXI (1)
1841 Salisbury Wiltshire Rob. 840 121 (for Max.) Maximian (290-
4, not otherwise
described) (1)
1842 Verulamium Hertfordshire Rob. 844; Shiel p. 47, 35 36 14 London and C
(Building V, 1) mint mint-marks
not specified but
includes LEG
IIII FLA (RIC 272
var.), issue with
obv C, ad 291
Group (d), c.291

1850 Rhyddgaer Isle of Anglesey Rob. 862; Shiel p. 43, 23; 17 8 London: B E//
Guest and Wells 1146 MLXXI (2); C
mint: C//CXXI
(1); RSR (1);
unmarked (3)
1838 Dwyran Isle of Anglesey Rob. 894; Guest and 12 5 London: --//ML
Wells 1106 (1); C mint: S
P//C (1)
1846 Pumsaint Carmarthenshire Rob. 863; Shiel p. 42, 16; 684 9 C mint: S C//- (1)
Guest and Wells 656
1847 Great Orme Conwy Rob. 866; Shiel p. 42, 19; 17 13 London: B E//
Guest and Wells 917 MLXXI (2); C
mint: S C//C (1)
1848 Little Orme Conwy Rob. 867; Shiel p. 59, 7; 700 563 London: F O//ML
1907 Guest and Wells 921 (30); C mint:
S C//- (1);
unmarked (325);
Rouen (2); RSR
(1)
1843 Hoveringham Nottinghamshire Rob. 886; Shiel p. 43, 289 40 London: B E//
20 MLXXI (1+);
unmarked (2)
1839 Newton North Pembrokeshire TAR 1998-99, 304; 28 1 London: B E//
NC 2001, 33 MLXXI (1); C
mint: S P//C (1)
1837 Laugharne Carmarthenshire TAR 2005-6, 1251; 2,361 67 London: B E//
area 2006 NC 2011 MLXXI (1); C
mint: S C//- (5)
1845 Frome I Somerset NC 2011 52,503 909 London: B E//
(Witham Friary) MLXXI (114);
C mint: S C//
MCXXI (4); S
C//- (9); S C//C
(6)
1851 Penard Swansea Rob. 870; Shiel p. 46, 2,582 81 London: B E//
32; Guest and Wells 411 MLXXI (1); C
mint: S P//C (1)
TABLE 5.9. Cont.

qty. Carausius
Group (e), c.292-3
1844 Cheddar 1846 Somerset Rob. 859; Shiel p. 61, 2 99
7 (3 for London: S P//
Dio. and MLXXI (3 for D
4 for Max) and M); C mint:
S P//C (2 for D
and M)
1852 Millbrook Hampshire PATAR 2008, 536; 4,383 8 London (2): S P//
NC 2009, 37; MLXXI (1);
CHRB XIII unmarked (6)
1849 Llanfihangel- Gwynedd Rob. 902; Shiel p. 40, 4 3 London: S P//
y-Pennant 9; Guest and Wells MLXXI (1); C
1061 mint: S C//- (2)
1853 Everton 1881 Nottinghamshire Rob. 856; Shiel p. 42, 17 600 1 (for C mint: S P//C
Dio.) (Diocletian)
1854 Little Orme Conwy CHRB XIII; Guest and 68 50 London: L -//ML
1981 Wells 922 (1); C mint:
S P//C (3);
Unmarked (38)
1855 Bicester Oxfordshire Rob. 857 17 17 (1 for London: S P//
Max.) MLXXI (4); C
mint: S P//C (2, 1
for Max)
1856 Felixstowe Suffolk Rob. 889 ? ? London: S P//
MLXXI (1)
1857 Silchester Hampshire Rob. 843; Shiel p. 48, 39 21 18 London: S P//ML
(Insula XVIII) (1); C mint: S
P//C (2); S P//-
(3); S C//- (1)
1858 Verulamium Hertfordshire Rob. 846; Shiel p. 47, 36 144 2 C mint: S P//C
(Theatre, Stage) (1)
Group (f) Constantius, c.293

1896 East Harnham Wiltshire Rob. 930; Shiel 3,938 n/a Constantius Caes
p. 61, 3 (5); Galerius Caes
(4) details not
given
1895 Tickenham 1891 North Somerset Rob. 945; Shiel p. 57, 35 n/a Constantius
(Clapton in 27 and p. 61, 1 Caes, Lyon (1):
Gordano) Bastien 569, issue
11, ad 293
The order of issues of the coinage of Carausius was set out by Carson in two papers: there were prob-
ably three mints, a short-lived Continental mint, which is conventionally believed to have been at
Rouen, London and the C mint.84 It is likely that the unmarked coins were minted at London at the
start of the reign; the location of the C mint is uncertain (Colchester is normally believed to be the
location, while Clausentum and Glevum have also been suggested) and does not concern us here.
These hoards fall into six broad chronological groups:
(a) Group (a) hoards close with unmarked coins (this includes the Burton Hey and Bradley hoards,
each of two aurei (nos. 1808 and 1809) and the Wroxeter (no. 1813) and Strata Florida (no.
84
Carson 1959 and 1971. See also Casey 1994 and Williams 2004 for recent discussions of Carausius’s coinage. Sam
Moorhead is working on a new edition of RIC for Carausius and Allectus which should place all discussions of their
coinages on a much firmer basis.
1815) hoards which close with denarii of Carausius) and nine hoards with unmarked radiates:
these probably belong to the first two years of the reign, c.286–8.
(b) Group (b) comprises those that close with the earliest coins of London with the mint-mark ML
and may be dated to c.288–9.
(c) Group (c), c.289–90, includes those that close with F O//ML.
(d) Group (d) consists of those that close with B E//MLXXI and contemporary mint-marks from
the C mint and dates to c.291.
(e) The final group (e), c. 292–3, includes those that close with the latest issues of the reign, S P//
MLXXI, S P//ML and S P//C. (The two latter groups are complicated by the fact that it is not
completely clear how the mint-marks at London and the C mint relate to each other.)
(f) Finally, there are two hoards that close with coins of Constantius Caesar which have a terminus
post quem of 293 (nos. 1895 and 1896).
There have been several discussions of Carausian hoards, including by Shiel, Bland and Burnett,
Cheesman and Williams.85
The hoards in groups (a) and (b), closing with unmarked coins and coins with the first mint-mark
of London, --//ML, consist almost exclusively of pre-reform radiates and the reformed aureliani
are absent. 86 The hoards in group (c), where the latest coins have F O//ML, consist very largely of
pre-reform radiates, although post-reform aureliani are present: in small quantities in the Normanby
hoard (no. 1834) and in larger numbers in the Linchmere hoard (no. 1836). However, in the last
two groups, (d) and (e), which include coins with the mint-marks B E//MLXXI and S P//MLXXI,
reformed aureliani are present in significant quantities, reflecting the fact that these late coins of
Carausius were themselves intended to be struck at the same standard as aureliani.
Map 19 shows the geographical distribution of hoards that close with issues of Carausius against
the background of the coins recorded by PAS. The differences are interesting – for example, PAS
finds are very common from East Anglia, the area north of London and Yorkshire, where hoards are
either scarce or absent. The most remarkable aspect of the hoards is the cluster from North Wales
and single finds also seem to be common from there. There are neither hoards nor PAS finds from
Cornwall and Devon.
(g) Allectus
(57 hoards; 2,431 records on PAS database, map 20)
Of the 57 hoards which close with the coinage of Allectus 34 can be identified sufficiently to allow
us to attribute them to particular issues and details of these are given in table 5.10.
TABLE 5.10. Hoards closing in the reign of Allectus

No. County Place Reference Total Total Latest coins
qty Allectus
(a) Hoards without Q radiates
1897 Gloucestershire Gloucester Rob. 912; Shiel 15,544 2 Rads. (2): C mint: S
p. 62, 5; CHRB XIII P//C (2)
1898 Gloucestershire Lillyhorn Rob. 911; Shiel 1,223 1 Rad. (1): C mint: S
p. 55, 11 P//C (1)
1899 Monmouthshire Caerwent Rob. 933; Shiel 10 4 Rads. (4): London, S
(House p. 58, 2; Guest P//ML (1); C mint:
XVI S) and Wells 27 S P//C (3)
1900 Gloucestershire Parkend Rob. 936; Shiel 1,104 1 Rad (1): London,
p. 56, 14 PAX AVG S P//ML
1901 Kent Canterbury Rob. 917; Shiel 8 1 Rad. (1): London: S
(CXXIX p. 52, 4 P//ML (1)
EXXD 6 (F))
85
Shiel 1977, 39−93; Bland and Burnett 1988, 114−18; Cheesman 1997; Williams 2004..
86
The only exceptions are a single coin of Tacitus in the Ewelme hoard (Table 5.9(a), no. 1818) and two post-reform
coins of Aurelian and one of Florian in the Townley hoard (Table 5.9(a), no. 1819).
TABLE 5.10. Cont.

qty Allectus
1911 Neath Port Skewen Rob. 949; Shiel 67 1 Rad. (1): S P//C (1)
Talbot p. 56, 16; Guest and
Wells 364
1906 Surrey Surrey Rob. 928 9 1 Rad. (1): C mint, S
P//C or S P//CL (1)
1952 Vale of Wenvoe BNJ 2016, 79 37 5 Rads: London (1): S
Glamorgan P//ML; C mint (3):
S P//C (3); unc.
mint (1): S P//?
1910 Worcestershire Droitwich Rob. 931; Shiel 14 10 All (10): Rads (10):
p. 58, 4 London (6): S P//
ML (2); S A//ML (4);
C mint (3): S P//
ML; Uncertain, S
P//? (1)
1909 Somerset Sparkford Rob. 944; CHRB II 191 1 (Max) Maximian, Lyon,
RIC 407, Bastien
issue 12, ad 294 (1)
1912 Northamptonshire Burton Rob. 923 108 48 Rads. (48): London
Latimer (31): S P//ML (9);
S A//ML (15) S A//
MSL (7); C mint
(17): S P//C (15); S
P//CL (2)
1904 Kent Richborough Rob. 918; 6 6 Rads. (6): no
(Middle Shiel p. 60, 10 details
Earth Fort
Ditch)
1902 Cumbria Arnside 2010 T632; NC 2011 36 1 Rad. (1): illegible
(North of
Lancaster)
II
1907 Wiltshire Lacock Rob. 930A; CHRB IX 93 1 Rad. (1): illegible
1903 Gloucestershire Claydon Rob. 935; CHRB VI; 42 2 Rads. (2): illegible
Pike
(b) Hoards with Q radiates

1924 Oxfordshire Watchfield Rob. 908; Shiel 23 6 Rads including
1905 p. 57, 18 London (2): S P//
ML (1); S A//ML (1);
Q radiates: London
(2): VIRTVS AVG
--//QL
1930 Swansea Port Rob. 901; Shiel 421 8 1 Q radiate (1),
Tennant p. 60, 9; Guest and London: VIRTVS
Wells AVG --//QL
1916 Essex Colchester Rob. 910; Shiel 298 167 London (114): S P//
1927 p. 52, 5 ML (18); S A//ML
(73); S A//MSL
(22); Q radiate (1):
VIRTVS AVG --//QL
C mint: (53): S
P//C (49); S P//CL
(2); Q radiates (2):
VIRTVS AVG --//QC
TABLE 5.10. Cont.

qty Allectus
1919 Hampshire Blackmoor Rob. 914; Shiel 29802 90 London (39):
1873 p. 51, 1; CHRB III; radiates: S P//ML
CHRB X (2); S A//ML (5); Q
radiates (32): --//
QL;
C mint (39): Rads.
(5): S P//C (5); Q
radiates (34): --//QC
(LAETITIA AVG, 10;
VIRTVS AVG, 24)
+ 12 in 1877 report
not recorded in
1975
1914 Cambridgeshire Godman- Rob. 915 60 1 Q radiate: C mint
chester VIRTVS AVG--//QC
1923 Oxfordshire Ewelme Rob. 924 202 27 London, rads. (5):
1953 S P//ML (1); S A//
ML (3); [….]//ML
(1); Q radiates (8):
VIRTVS AVG --//QL;
C mint, rad. (1): S
P//C (1);
Q radiates (8):
LAETITIA AVG --//
QC (2); VIRTVS
AVG --//QC (6);
Q radiates, uncer-
tain mint (5)
1913 Bath and North Bath Rob. 925; CHRB VI 1807 1 Q radiate: C mint:
East Somerset Environs --//QC (VIRTVS
AVG)
1928 Conwy Pen-y- Rob. 948; Guest and 133 1 Q radiate: London,
Corddwyn- Wells 938 VIRTVS AVG --//QL
Mawr I (1)
1915 Cumbria Arnside 2009 T45; NC 2010; 42 16 London (6): rads.
(Morecambe Shotter 2011, 115 (5); Q radiate (1),
Bay) VIRTVS AVG --//QL;
C mint (3), all rads;
Illegible (6)
1926 Yorkshire, North Plompton NC 1996, 118; 608 1 Q radiate: London,
(Knares- CHRB X; NC 2008, VIRTVS AVG --//QL
borough) 2); 2010 T389 (1)
1927 Yorkshire, North Stockton- PATAR 2008, 537 1455 1 Q radiate: London,
on-the- VIRTVS AVG --//QL
Forest (York (1)
area) I
1921 Leicestershire Gilmorton TAR 2004, 445; 1255 2 Q radiate: London:
NC 2005, 41; VIRTVS AVG --//QL
CHRB XIII (1)
1925 Suffolk Elveden TAR 2005-6, 1112; 627 349 All (349, 348 rads,
2005 NC 2006, 25; 1 Q radiate):
CHRB XIII London (232): S P//
ML (68); S A//ML
(146); --//ML (1);
S A//MSL (17); C
mint (114): S P//C
(109); S P//CL (4);
Q radiate: --//QC
(1); Mint uncertain
(3)
TABLE 5.10. Cont.

qty Allectus
1929 Monmouthshire Rogiet TAR 1998-99, 306; 3778 760 Q radiate (757):
NC 2001, 35; Guest London (295),
and Wells 134 VIRTVS AVG --//QL
(295); C mint (462):
LAETITIA AVG --//
QC (131); VIRTVS
AVG --//QC (331)
1922 Norfolk Marham BNJ 2015, 33; 22 12 Q radiates (2):
BNJ 2016, 78 VIRTVS AVG, ?
Mint
1920 Isle of Wight Yarmouth TAR 2003, 364 90 1 Q radiate (1): not
described
1917 Greater London Old Ford Rob. 919; Shiel ? ? Q radiates (all, no
p. 59, 8 details)
1918 Hampshire Bitterne Rob. 913; Shiel ? ? Q radiates (no
(Manor p. 58, 1 details)
House)
1953 Channel Islands Guernsey Rob. 838 68 n/a 68 Alexandrian
(Jerbourg) tetradrachms
(Probus 4; Carus
3; Carinus 4;
Numerian 3;
Diocletian 34;
Maximian 19;
uncertain 1).
Latest: 295-6
Allectus’s reign is short, only two to three years long, and his coinage has been studied by Burnett,
while Besly’s study of the Rogiet hoard has important insights into the production of ‘Q radiates’.87
He struck radiates at both London and the C mint and introduced a smaller denomination at both
mints: these coins are denoted by the letter Q in the mint-mark and used to be called quinarii, but
it is likely that they were half-radiates and they are here termed ‘Q radiates’. The sequence of the
mint-marks on the radiates from London is: S P//ML (carried over from Carausius), S A//ML and S
A//MSL; at the C mint, S P//C and then S P//CL. The Q radiates are mint-marked either QL or QC;
it used to be thought that they were struck at the end of the reign but Besly has shown in his study
of the 757 coins of this denomination in the Rogiet hoard that they were in fact struck through-
out the reign.88 This means that it is probably not useful to divide the hoards that close with coins
of Allectus into chronological groups: the late radiate mint-marks from both London (S A//MSL)
and the C mint (S P//CL) are, in both cases, much scarcer than the earlier mint-marks and we can
no longer assume that the Q radiates were the final issue. There is, however, some differentiation
between the two denominations in hoards, as they tend to contain either radiates or Q radiates
of Allectus and only seven hoards have examples of both denominations (Watchfield, Colchester,
Blackmoor, Ewelme 1953, Arnside, Elveden, Rogiet89) and of these, only the Blackmoor hoard only
has significant numbers of both the radiates and the smaller Q radiates.
Coin circulation in the reign of Carausius and Allectus is also complicated by the presence of the
so-called ‘legitimist’ hoards, a term coined by Anne Robertson in 1949 when discussing the East
Harnham hoard (Table 5.9, no. 1896).90 These are hoards that include coins of Diocletian and
Maximian, including those struck by Carausius, but exclude specimens in the name of Carausius;
87
Burnett 1984; see also Besly 2006.
88
Besly 2006, 77−80.
89
Table 5.10, nos. 1924, 1916, 1919, 1923, 1902, 1925 and 1929.
90
Robertson 1949: see Shiel 1977, 82−5 and Cheesman 1997, 179.
the East Harnham, Clapton in Gordano (Table 5.10, 1895), Lillyhorn (Table 5.10, 1898), Lacock
(Table 5.10, 1907) and Gloucester (Table 5.10, 1897) hoards are examples and they are concentrated
in Wiltshire, Gloucestershire and Somerset. These finds do seem to point to reluctance on the part
of these hoarders to keep coins of the British usurpers.
The geographical distribution of the hoards that close with Allectus is shown in map 20 and it
is interesting that this is very different from the Carausian hoards: the Welsh cluster is absent,
but again there are few hoards from East Anglia and the south midlands where PAS finds are very
common.
Many, if not most, of the hoards of this group would have been placed in the ground after Allectus’s
defeat by Constantius, who brought with him the new reformed nummi that had been introduced
in Continental mints between 294 and 296.91 The introduction of the nummus does indeed seem
to mark a decisive break in the coinage. Only four hoards combine significant numbers of radiates
and nummi: Langtoft,92 with 3 denarii, 575 radiates and 398 nummi, closing in ad 305; Evenley with
705 radiates and 2,448 nummi, closing in ad 306,93 Falmouth with 128 radiates, 495 nummi and 327
asses/dupondii to ad 307–1094 and Sully 2008a with 490 radiates and 1,878 nummi to ad 318 (see
also Table 6.3, p. 101).95 Hoards of the 4th century show that some third-century radiates – espe-
cially the pre-reform coins – remained in circulation, but the reintegration of Britain into the rest
of the Roman Empire with Allectus’s defeat in ad 295/6 does mark one of the most decisive breaks
in coin circulation in the Roman period.96
5.10. Conclusions
What conclusions can be drawn from this analysis of this large body of hoards?97 Fig. 5.30 shows
the breakdown of radiate hoards by reign of the latest emperor represented.
However, given that we have seen that perhaps two-thirds of Tetrican hoards are likely to have been
put in the ground after 274, this does not present an accurate picture of hoarding at this time as the
apparent peak of hoards that close with Tetricus should actually be spread over a longer period of
time. So in fig. 5.31 I have combined all the hoards that close with coins from Victorinus through to
Diocletian and Maximian before Carausius, 269–86 and this gives a better picture of the hoarding
pattern at this time. If we use this then it appears there was a great increase in hoarding from 269
and, while this dropped off slightly in Carausius’s reign, it remained at a high level in the British
empire.
The German scholar Peter Haupt published a corpus of 1,724 hoards of the 3rd century ad from
Gaul and Germany98 and fig. 5.32 compares the pattern of the Continental hoards (the darker bars)
with Britain (the pale bars). Hoards of the period from 238 to 260 are considerably more com-
mon from the Continent than from Britain, while the Continent is also strong in the 260s under
91
Burnett 1987, 126−31; Carson 1990, 143−9.
92
No. 1987, CHRB XII.
93
No. 2002, Rob. 990.
94
No. 2006 (Rob. 997): the record of this hoard is unsatisfactory.
95
No. 2065 (NC 2011, p. 417).
96
Mention should also of the hoard of 68 Alexandrian tetradrachms from Guernsey in the Channel Islands (no.
1953), closing with coins of Diocletian and Maximian of 295−6. There was a hoard from London of 46 tetradrachms
of 284−5 (no. 1787) and another of 2 tetradrachms of Probus of 276−7 found with a radiate of Gallienus on the Welsh
coast at Oxwich near Swansea (no. 1703).
97
Reece, in the review that he and Peter Guest wrote of Anne Robertson’s Inventory, pointed out that a group of eight
hoards had a very similar chronological profile, even though these come from a wide geographical area and have
terminal dates ranging from 274 to 289 (Reece & Guest 2001, 196−7). As he noted, ‘the coins were drawn from one
pool of coin circulation in one place, and then carried throughout Britain to be buried at times varying over a twenty
year period’. This suggests that the circulation pool of coins in Britain could remain homogeneous over a considerable
period of time.
98
Haupt 2001.
Fig. 5.30. Terminal date of radiate hoards from Britain (hoards per annum)
Fig. 5.31. Terminal date of radiate hoards from Britain (hoards per annum, adjusted)
Fig. 5.32. Terminal date of radiate hoards from Britain and the Continent (data from Haupt 2001)
Gallienus, Claudius, Postumus, Victorinus and Tetricus. The only point at which the British hoards
achieve parity is from 275 to 286, before the usurpation of Carausius
So how do we interpret all these hoards? As we have seen, the traditional interpretation is that they
were buried by their owners in response to an external threat of invasion or civil unrest, with the
intention of returning later to recover them. In 1988, the French scholar Daniel Gricourt tried to
take this type of interpretation of coin hoard patterns to its logical conclusion by using them to
trace the route of individual barbarian raids in northern Gaul in ad 268, following the coast and the
valley of the Ijzer, or the valley of the Schelde (fig. 5.33).99
Although it is tempting to make an association between a large concentration of unrecovered hoards
and areas of unrest, especially when as in this case they all close with coins of the same period,100
most scholars would agree that this is trying to push the evidence too far. Nevertheless, there is
clearly extensive archaeological evidence for the destruction caused by the barbarian raids on Gaul,
especially Gallia Belgica, in the second half of the third century. The historical sources attest raids
in 250, 259–60 and 275–76 and it is the third of these that seems to have had the greatest impact.101
Earlier accounts state that most of the many villas from northern Gaul were destroyed at this period
and were not reoccupied.102 More recent work has modified this picture: it is possible to find some
villas that seem to have survived the period intact, while it has been suggested that the lack of coins
of 275–96 might mean the temporary abandonment of a monetary economy rather than that the
site was deserted at that time. However, towns also show much evidence of damage at this time and
many of those never fully recovered, being rebuilt in the fourth century on a much smaller scale.103
99
Gricourt 1988.
100
As is undoubtedly the case, for example, with the hoards of the English Civil War in the 1640s: see chapter 2.
101
Painter 2015.
102
Percival 1976, 67–82; Wightman 1985, 243–6.
103
Johnson 1983: the essays in Schatzmann and Martin-Kilcher 2011 provide a recent survey of this phenomenon.
Fig. 5.33. Hoards of ad 268 from Flanders (northern France and Belgium) and possible routes of barbarian raids
(Gricourt 1988)
So, although the interpretation of the changes that occurred in both towns and countryside in
Gaul is now more nuanced than it was thirty years ago – there are sites that escaped destruction at
this time and there are suggestions that the changes seen at this period might not all be the direct
consequence of barbarian raids – the overall picture of destruction and dislocation remains.
So what of Britain? If Britain has a greater concentration of coin hoards of this period than Gaul
does, can we assume that the barbarian raids caused even greater destruction on this side of the
Channel than on the Continent? The interesting thing is that the archaeological evidence does not
seem to support that. In 1981 Peter Salway wrote: ‘the evidence suggests that … civil life … contin-
ued in fair prosperity’ and ‘it seems to be established ... that Britain was relatively untouched by the
convulsions elsewhere in the empire in the mid-third century.’104 The final quarter of the century
saw the establishment of many villas which reached their apogee in the first half of the fourth
century, and by this period Britain appears to have been one of the wealthiest areas north of the
Alps – along with Aquitania in south-west France and the area around the imperial capital of Trier.
It is interesting to compare the British pattern with hoards from the rest of the Roman world. Fig.
5.34 is a map of hoards closing between 238 and 260 from Hobbs.105 This includes all hoards, includ-
ing gold and silver objects. Note the great concentration in the Danube area, especially present-day
Bulgaria, with relatively few from Britain and Gaul. It is difficult to separate this pattern from the
104
Salway 1981, 243.
105
Hobbs 2006.
Fig. 5.34. Precious-metal deposits of 238–59 (Hobbs 2006)

Fig. 5.36. Routes of the major barbarian invasions of the 260s (drawn by Stephen Crummy after Jones and Mattingly
2002, map 5.6)
historical evidence we have for continued fighting in the lower Danube including the defeat of
Trajan Decius at the battle of Abritus in 251.
Fig. 5.35 is also from Hobbs’ book and shows hoards with a terminal date from 260 to 274. The
focus now moves westwards to Gaul and Britain – again it seems reasonable to assume that this
reflects the well-documented pressure on the German frontier at this period. To this are added the
major barbarian raids on the Empire in the 260s (fig. 5.36) – although of course there is a danger of
a circular argument here, since the compilers of this map may well have used the pattern of coin
hoards in drawing the main lines of attack. That proviso apart, there does seem to be a correlation
(the lack of hoards from present-day Turkey could reflect a low recording rate). Fig. 5.37, also from
Hobbs, shows hoards with a terminal date of 274–96. It is interesting that now there is a very strong
concentration in Britain with much lower numbers elsewhere. Does this mean that Britain was fac-
ing unprecedented pressures at this time? We have just seen that the archaeological evidence does
not seem to support that conclusion.106
If the archaeological evidence does not support the theory that the spate of hoarding in Britain in
the last twenty years of the radiate period, seen clearly in fig. 5.37, is due to external or internal
threats, then we must look elsewhere for an explanation. Another period when Britain saw an
unprecedented level of hoarding was around 395-408, when the number of hoards of gold and
especially silver coins from Britain is unparalleled elsewhere in the Empire (chapter 7). Did Britain
have a ‘hoarding habit’ that emerged at particular periods?
We may leave the last words on this subject with Harold Mattingly, who wrote in 1939:
106
Casey 1986, 65–6 had already observed this apparent anomaly.
“If the view that we are here advocating of these hoards is correct, we shall need to revise our ideas of their
historical significance. We shall no longer be able to crowd them into a period of two or three desperate
years and attribute them to the dread of a barbarian invasion. We shall have to spread them over as much as
a quarter of a century and attribute them to economic rather than to military troubles….
“The second class of third-century hoard – the most common and the most significant of all – is very well
represented in Britain. It consists of masses of debased billon of the Empire from Gallienus to early Aurelian
and of the Gallic Empire, Victorinus to Tetricus (Postumus, as a rule, slightly, if at all, represented): earlier
or later coins occur, if at all, in minute proportions. Sometimes the burial apparently took place under
Aurelian, sometimes it was a little delayed, to Probus or even to Diocletian. Hoards of this kind were con-
ditioned by economic, rather than political, causes. The times no doubt, were bad, life was uncertain and
dangerous, exposed to the risks of foreign and civil war, and the trouble was diffused – not confined to a few
frontier districts. But all these general causes will not explain hoards as widespread in place and as concen-
trated in time as ours, nor will they explain why hoards composed of coins earlier than circa A.D. 273 should
quite frequently not be buried till some ten years later. The composition of the hoards betrays the reason
for this burial. The better silver before the great debasement of 259 had been withdrawn from the market
– melted down, hoarded or called in by the Government: it therefore hardly appears. The new coinage of
Aurelian was in the main deliberately excluded. From 259 to 273 the Government had been issuing money
of vanishing intrinsic value at the old nominal value – practically speaking, an issue of Government war
stock. The disastrous condition of the empire precluded any question of a redemption of this stock at par,
and, undoubtedly, if we could trace the details, we should find that the business world faced the facts and
reckoned with the real depreciation of the coinage. But private holders of the coinage must have hoped for
the best and refused to believe that Aurelian, when he called in the old money and issued new, would not
assign to it at least a tolerable surrender value. But they did not know their man; whether or not out of a
regard for the army as against the civil population, he resolutely extricated the State from debt by throwing
the loss on the private citizen. We do not know at what value the old coinage was called in: we do know
that it must have been so low as to amount almost to repudiation. The proof of this lies in the great riot or
civil war in Rome and in these numberless hoards, which angry or desperate owners refused to surrender
and laid aside for the better times–which, we now know, were never to arrive. Britain, we have said, is very
rich in these hoards. If we were right above in suspecting that in the previous period it had shown confi-
dence in the Government and had not been quick to hoard the earlier and better silver, we can understand
that resentment at the action of Aurelian must have been peculiarly intense here. In 286 we find Carausius
in Britain modelling his first coinage, not on the reform-coins of Aurelian, but on the debased billon of
the Gallic Empire. It looks as if the new financial system of Aurelian had not succeeded in forcing itself on
the unwilling province; the ‘Expectate veni’ of the coinage of Carausius is simply the vocal expression of a
chronic disloyalty.
“A third class of third-century coins, consisting almost exclusively of coins of the reform of Aurelian, is
very rare in England: those coins probably never came into wide circulation here. Instead, we find hoards of
our British usurpers, Carausius and Allectus, which hardly occur elsewhere, except for finds of one mint of
Carausius (Rouen) in North France; here, it was probably a sense of insecurity that made hoarding popular.
Notable among these hoards are those of Colchester and Linchmere – both of high value for the determi-
nation of the order of the issues. A full survey of the island would probably enable us to say with certainty
where the disputed ‘C’ mint really was – Camulodunum, or Clausentum, or elsewhere.”107
As we have seen, the discovery of the Frome hoard presented a number of features which sug-
gested that it may been buried for ritual reasons rather than with the intention of recovery, not
least because the only way in which it could have been recovered would have been by breaking
the pot and scooping out the coins.108 In addition, the field in which the hoard was found used to
be waterlogged before it was drained in recent times and contained several springs, while a second
hoard of coins dating to the end of the fourth century ad was found in the same field. So perhaps
a ritual motive should not be ruled out in at least some cases: the group of some 11 hoards to the
south west of Doncaster where many of them were focused on natural limestone outcrops in the
gorge of the river Don is another possible group of hoards buried for ritual purposes rather than for
safekeeping.109
We can now present a much more nuanced picture of the terminal date of the 763 hoards from
this period of 58 years.110 The great peak of hoards that close with the Tetrici should, in fact be
spread over the succeeding 12 years and, if fig. 5.32 can be taken to provide the most accurate pic-
ture of the terminal date of this group of hoards, the peak in hoarding occurs in the period from
the reign of Victorinus to after the defeat of Allectus (269–c.300/305). The reintegration of Britain
into the rest of the Empire after Aurelian’s defeat of Tetricus in 274 and the second reintegration
by Constantius in 295/6 can perhaps be seen as major factors in this peak, as in both cases the suc-
cessful emperors brought in new denominations while the old were retariffed at unfavourable rates.
This fact probably did explain why so many hoards remained in the ground, unrecovered, although
it does not of course explain why they were placed in the ground in the first place. For that, we
must seek other reasons and perhaps fear of raids from across both the North Sea and the Irish Sea
(witness the concentration of Carausian hoards along the North Welsh coast) is one factor, along
with the general political uncertainty of the times.
107
Mattingly and Pearce 1937−39, 188.
108
109
Fieldwork by Adrian Chadwick to be published in Bland et al., forthcoming: see Mattingly and Dolby 1982.
110
Which could be five to ten years longer if many of the Allectan hoards were buried after Constantius’s reconquest
of Britain in 295/6.
CHAPTER 6
THE FOURTH AND FIFTH CENTURIES

(ad 296–498)
6.1. Introduction: comparison between hoards and PAS finds
Some 1,081 hoards of coins of all metals are known with a terminal date between 296,1 the end
of the radiate period, and the seventh century.2 This chapter presents a general overview of the
hoards of the fourth and fifth centuries, and then has a discussion of the hoards of precious-metal
coins. The hoarding of precious-metal coins and objects in the Late Empire in its wider context is
discussed in chapter 7. Fig. 6.1 shows the number of hoards per annum, by Reece periods:
Fig. 6.1. Hoards per annum, 296–408
The broad pattern in this period is that hoarding is at relatively low level for the first thirty-five
years with 4.7 hoards a year in 296–317 and 6.7 in 317–30 (in the immediately preceding period,
under Allectus, there were 18 hoards a year), and then a first peak in 330–48, when there were 14.6
hoards a year. There is then a series of declines in periods 18 (348–64), 19 (364–78) and 20 (378–88),
and the largest peak is reached in period 21, 388–402 at 18.8 hoards pa, followed by a reduction to 3
hoards pa in 402–6, after which there are no hoards before the Patching (no. 3036), Chatham Lines
(no. 3036A) and Oxborough (no. 3037) finds of 461–70, 467–72 and 474–5 respectively.
After that there are three hoards from the sixth century (Kingston on Thames, Doncaster and
Canterbury, nos. 3038–40) and three from the seventh (Crondall, Norrie’s Law and Horndean, nos.
3041–3). All the hoards that close after 408 and especially those of the sixth and seventh centuries
are, in some sense, unusual and do not represent coins drawn from an existing currency pool. None
1
Diocletian started striking reformed nummi in 294, but at that time Britain was ruled by Allectus who continued
striking radiates and the new coins did not reach Britain until after Allectus’s defeat in 296.
2
917 hoards can be attributed to a single Reece period, while a further 164 have to be attributed to more than one
period. The analysis below is based on the first 917 hoards in this group.
of the hoards that post-date 408 contains nummi: they all consist exclusively of precious metal
coins.
Two hundred and twenty-seven hoards contain precious metal coins (gold solidi or silver siliquae
or miliarenses), while 724 have copper alloy nummi (the contents of the remaining hoards are not
recorded). Some hoards combine gold and silver or silver and bronze coins. A significant number
of third-century radiates were still in circulation and available for hoarding down to the end of the
fourth century (see table 6.1). A few early imperial aes coins survived into Period 15 (296–317) and
a few denarii down to Period 17 (330–48). Fig. 6.2 shows the proportion of gold coins, radiates, silver
coins (siliquae and miliarenses) and nummi is hoards, by Reece period. From this you can see that
in period 15 (296–317) there are still significant numbers of radiates in circulation, but no gold or
silver coins. The radiates then fall to a much lower level after 317 (although some continue to be
found in hoards down to 402). Silver coins start to appear in low numbers in Period 18 (348–64)
and their proportion increases in Periods 19 (364–78), 20 and 21, when they appear in 29 per cent
of all hoards. In Period 22 (402–8), they form the principal element of the currency.
Gold coins (aurei and then solidi) are almost completely absent from hoards of 296–348 and start to
appear in Period 18 (348–64) and from that point their numbers increase until Period 23 (402–8).
The following table is an analysis of coins in hoards by metal and denomination:
TABLE 6.1. Analysis by metal and denomination of coins in hoards of 296–498

Period Gold Radiates Silver Nummi Total
15 (296–317) 7 5,635 99 22,911 29,086
16 (317–30) 0 578 0 39,658 40,576
17 (330–48) 10 894 15 202,640 203,587
18 (348–64) 30 784 995 73,980 75,193
19 (364–78) 25 234 3,029 15,370 18,712
20 (378–88) 29 19 1,686 4,066 5,800
21 (388–402) 108 511 19,123 57,366 77,111
22 (402–45) 1,465 0 18,863 34 20,026
23 (445–98) 25 0 28 0 53
Total 1,699 8,655 43,838 416,025 470,144
Percentages
Period Gold Radiates Silver Nummi Total
15 (296–317) 0.02 19.37 0.34 78.77 29,086
16 (317–30) 0.00 1.42 0.00 97.74 40,576
17 (330–48) 0.00 0.44 0.01 99.53 203,587
18 (348–64) 0.04 1.04 1.32 98.39 75,193
19 (364–78) 0.13 1.25 16.19 82.14 18,712
20 (378–88) 0.50 0.33 29.07 70.10 5,800
21 (388–402) 0.14 0.66 24.80 74.39 77,111
22 (402–45) 7.32 0.00 94.19 0.17 20,026
23 (445–98) 47.17 0.00 52.83 0.00 53
Total 0.36 1.84 9.32 88.49 470,144
THE FOURTH AND FIFTH CENTURIES (AD 296–498) 99
This pattern can be compared with single finds recorded by the PAS. These are summarised in Table
6.2:
TABLE 6.2. Coins recorded by PAS, 296–4983

Period Gold Silver Nummi Total Coins pa
15 (296–317) 2 1 4,499 4,502 214.38
16 (317–30) 1 0 8,785 8,786 675.85
17 (330–48) 3 10 30,209 30,222 1,679.00
18 (348–64) 3 626 10,470 11,099 792.79
19 (364–78) 15 450 18,776 19,241 1,202.56
20 (378–88) 8 215 605 828 39.43
21 (388–402) 9 419 1,907 2,335 233.50
22 (402–45) 8 7 13 28 2.00
23 (445–98) 4 0 0 4 0.08
Total 53 1,728 75,264 77,045
Percentages
Period Gold Silver Nummi Total
15 (296–317) 0.04 0.02 99.93 4502
16 (317–30) 0.01 0.00 99.99 8786
17 (330–48) 0.01 0.03 99.96 30,222
18 (348–64) 0.03 5.64 94.33 11,099
19 (364–78) 0.08 2.34 97.58 19,241
20 (378–88) 0.97 25.97 73.07 828
21 (388–402) 0.39 17.94 81.67 2,335
22 (402–45) 28.57 25.00 46.43 28
23 (445–98) 100.00 0.00 0.00 4
Total 0.07 2.24 97.69 77,045
Pl. 24 compares the pattern of hoards with PAS finds. For each Reece period, 15–23 (296–498),
the percentage of hoards (by date of latest coin) is compared with the percentage of single finds
recorded by PAS. The main differences that emerge is that, while as a proportion the PAS coins are
more common for periods 17 (330–48) and 19 (364–78), the hoards are much more common for
period 21 (388–402). So, while the GLORIA EXERCITVS and VICTORIAE DD AVGGQ NN nummi of
the House of Constantine and the nummi of the House of Valentinian are amongst the commonest
coins found in Britain, this is not matched by the number of hoards that close with the coins of
those periods. Conversely, there is undoubtedly a great peak of hoards (principally of silver and
gold coins) that close with the issues of 388–402, but as single finds the coins of this period are not
so common.
6.2. Recoinages
The circulation of bronze nummi in the late third and fourth centuries is dominated by a series of
recoinages which seem to have included the calling-in and demonetisation of the old issues (this
did not affect the gold and silver coinages). The principal events were:
• 274: the reform of Aurelian, coinciding with his defeat of Tetricus and the end of the Gallic
Empire: Aurelian introduced new reformed radiates, aureliani, which were heavier and had
more silver than the old coins of the Gallic Empire (see chapter 5).
• 296: the defeat of Allectus, who struck radiates (and the so-called ‘Q-radiates’, an innovation of
his own: chapter 5), and the reintegration of Britain into the rest of the Roman Empire brought
the abrupt replacement of the radiate coinage with the reformed nummi, weighing c.9.7 g.
3
Data downloaded 1 August 2017.
• 317: the ending of the SOLI INVICTO COMITI type in the Western Empire and its replacement
with a series of issues at a reduced weight of c.2.5 g seems to have been accompanied by a recall
of the earlier coinage.
• 348: the FEL TEMP REPARATIO coinage was introduced in this year, initially in three denomina-
tions, but it does not seem to have been accompanied by a recall of the prolific Constantinian
issues with GLORIA EXERCITVS and VICTORIAE DD AVGGQ NN, as these continue to be
found in considerable numbers in hoards closing after than 348.
• 364: Valentinian replaced the coinage of Julian and Jovian, struck in two denominations, with
a new nummus of c.2.5 g, but this does not seem to have been accompanied by a recall of earlier
coins.
• 379: in this year Gratian introduced two new denominations alongside the 2.5 g coin: a larger
one of c.5.3 g and a small one (‘AE 4’) of c.1.5 g. Within less than ten years the 5.3 g and 2.5
g coins stopped being issued, but the smallest coin continued to be struck until Anastasius’s
reform in 491. The largest coin never seems to have reached Britain in significant quantities,
but the 2.5 g coin continued in circulation until the end of the 4th century, alongside the new
1.5 g pieces. It is possible that this is because from 364 the nummus had no silver in its alloy.
In between these major breaks in the bronze coinage, there was a whole series of changes – nearly
always reductions – in the weight standard of the nummus. However, the hoards show that coins
of different weights circulated side by side between these major recoinage events. For example, in
the first period, from 296 to 317, there were successive reductions in the weight of the nummus in
308 (to c.6.5 g), 311 (c.4.5 g) and 313 (c.3.5 g), but in hoards of this period coins of all three weights
are routinely found together. By contrast, hoards of coins closing after 317 will generally only have
small numbers of the earlier issues, and the same applies to hoards buried after 348 and 364.
It is also important to bear in mind that all nummi down to Constantius II’s SPES REI PVBLICE
issue of 358–61 contained small amounts of silver in their alloy: while this was never more than 3
per cent and often as little as half of one per cent. We know from Diocletian’s Edict on Maximum
Prices that silver was one hundred times more valuable than copper, so even the addition of half
a per cent of silver to the coinage alloy would have beeen significant.4 After Constantius’s SPES
REI PVBLICE issue, Julian added silver to the alloy of both denominations of his nummi. When
Valentinian reformed the coinage in 364, with the nummus of c.2.5g, he dropped the silver from
the coinage alloy and from 364 onwards, nummi became copper coins.5 This may well have had an
impact on hoards.
6.3 The development of coinage and hoarding, 296-491
In the Constantinian period hoards of bronze coins greatly outnumber those of silver and gold: this
reflects both the very substantial production of bronze coins at this time6 and the limited numbers
of precious-metal coins entering Britain. Gold coins are scarce both as single finds and hoards
before 364, and they peak in the period 364–78;7 silver coins only start to enter Britain in significant
quantities after the reduction in weight of the siliqua that occurred in c.357;8 the finds recorded by
the Portable Antiquities Scheme show that the issues of Constantius II and Julian are common as
single finds, but hoards of siliquae are rare before 367.9
The bronze coins of the House of Valentinian of the period 364–78 are very common as site finds
across much of Britain, and hoards of these coins also occur regularly, although there are fewer than
for the two previous periods. In 383 the Roman mints in the West started to strike a larger denom-
ination, 21–22 mm in diameter, which is very rare in Britain (these coins are common in Spain
4
Giacchero 1974; Reynolds and Crawford 1977, 1979.
5
Burnett 1987, 126−39.
6
Reece 1973; Walton 2012.
7
Bland and Loriot 2010, p. 32, fig. 24.
8
For the date of the reduction of the siliqua see Bland, Moorhead and Walton 2013, 139, n. 10.
9
Bland, Moorhead and Walton 2013.
and Italy), while after about 388 the only bronze coins found in Britain are those of the smallest
denomination, about 12–13 mm in diameter. The study of the circulation of these issues in Britain
is complicated by the fact that on most examples the legends and mint-marks are normally off the
flan, making full identification impossible, so these coins are likely to be under-represented in the
record as they are frequently categorised as ‘late Roman illegible’. By contrast, after 364 there is a
sharp increase in the supply of both gold and silver coins to Britain and both gold solidi and silver
siliquae peak with the large issue struck at Milan between 394 and 402. After 388 the precious metal
hoards become more numerous than the bronze hoards.
(a) Period 15, 296–317 (85 hoards, adjusted to 98;10 4,502 records on PAS database, map 21)
84 hoards, 29,086 coins, average size: 388 coins
Largest hoard: Evenley (no. 2002): 704 radiates + 2,431 nummi
Gold: 1 hoard has 7 aurei (as well as 96 denarii and 219 radiates: Sully, no. 1970)
Radiates: 21 hoards have 5,854 coins; 10 have 3 coins or fewer
Denarii: 2 hoards have 99 denarii (all pre–241)
Argentei: absent
Early imperial aes: 4 hoards have 413 coins
Nummi: 82 hoards have 22,911 coins
After Britain was re-absorbed into the Central Empire in 296, existing radiates seem to have been
recalled, officially at least, and were replaced with the new nummus, weighing c.9.5g. However,
there were so many radiates in circulation in Britain that they did not all disappear immediately.
In hoards of the period 296–317 radiates represent 19 per cent of all coins hoarded (table 6.2) and
radiates remained in circulation in small numbers down to 402. However, closer examination of
those hoards of Period 15 that do have radiates modify this picture somewhat, as 99 per cent of the
5,635 radiates are found in only six hoards; the other 13 hoards with radiates only have a total of
43 coins between them. These seven hoards are summarised below.
TABLE 6.3. Period 15 hoards with a significant radiate element

No Location Latest coin Gold Radiates Denarii Nummi AE2
1969 Canterbury, Kent 295–305 95 1
1970 Sully, Vale of Glamorgan 295–305 7 219 96
1971 Dilton Marsh (Chalcott), Wilts 296 1,972 1
1974 Wiveliscombe 2006, Somerset 298 2,118
1987 Langtoft I, East Yorks 305–6 575 3 398
2002 Evenley 1854, Northants 307 704 2,431
2006 Falmouth (Budock), Cornwall 307–10 128 495 327
The first four hoards, Canterbury, Sully, Dilton Marsh and Wiveliscombe (pl. 25) are essentially
hoards of radiates the latest coins of which date just after the end of Allectus’s reign: Dilton Marsh
and Canterbury each have a single reformed nummus, while the latest coins in Wiveliscombe are
two radiates of Diocletian from Lyon, dated to 298.11 The latest coins in the Sully hoard (no. 1970)
are seven gold aurei of Diocletian and Maximian, dateable to 295–305; the hoard also has 96 denarii
(of 241 or earlier), and 219 radiates. The Falmouth hoard is only known from an old and partial
record and may not be a hoard, as it combines 327 dupondii or asses, 128 radiates with 495 nummi,
an unlikely combination. This just leaves two hoards, Langtoft (no. 1987) and Evenley (no. 2002),
which are well described and which combine significant numbers of radiates with the new nummi.
Langtoft and Evenley are, therefore, very much the exception among the 85 hoards of this period,
the rest of which only contain a very few or no radiates.
10
In addition to the 917 hoards of periods 17−23 (296−498) which can be attributed to a single period, there are a
further 164 which can only be attributed to two or more Reece periods (eg, `Constantinian’, periods 15−17). In the
adjusted figures for the numbers of hoards per period, I have attributed these 164 hoards to each period proportionately.
11
These have the reverse IOVI CONSERVATORI (RIC 47).
That said, small quantities of radiates survived in circulation throughout the 4th century, account-
ing for between 0.3 and 1.4 per cent of hoards of periods 16 (317–30) to 21 (388–402). Two hoards
had silver denarii issued before 24112 and four hoards had a total of 413 aes coins (sestertii, dupondii
and asses),13 suggesting that people were adjusting to the new currency introduced after the fall
of Allectus in 296 in this period, and that there were still significant numbers of earlier coins in
circulation.
A hoard such as the find from Wold Newton, East Yorkshire (no. 2004), closing in 307 (pl. 26), is
more typical of hoards of this period, although it is larger than most: it contained 1856 nummi and
just a single radiate.
TABLE 6.4. Composition of the Wold Newton hoard (no. 2004)

Period Qty. %
268–70 (radiate) 1 0.05
294–305 (nummi) 1,603 86.3
305–7 (nummi) 234 12.6
Copies (nummi) 12 0.6
Uncertain (nummi) 7 0.4
Total 1,857
Although the reformed nummus was reduced in weight in 307 and again in 310/11 and in 313 (by
this time the GENIO POPVLI ROMANI reverse had been replaced with SOLI INVICTO COMITI),14
the hoards show that coins of all three weights circulated readily side by side.
Gold and silver coins are almost completely absent from this group of hoards: none contain the
new silver coins, argentei, recently introduced by Diocletian and Maximian,15 and only one hoard
contains gold coins, the Sully, Vale of Glamorgan hoard (no. 1970), which contained seven aurei,
along with 219 radiates and 96 denarii.
(b) Period 16, 317–30 (71 hoards, adjusted to 87; 8,786 records on PAS database, map 22)
Largest hoard: Little Orme (no. 2071), 5,032 coins
Aurei/solidi: none
Siliquae/miliarenses: absent
Radiates: 18 hoards have 578 coins (7 have 3 or fewer)
No denarii, no aes coins
In 317 the SOLI INVICTO COMITI coinage came to an end, to be replaced at Constantine I’s mints16
by a sequence of issues between 317 and 330, all at a weight of about 3 g:17
• 318–20: VICTORIAE LAETAE PRINC PERP (Two Victories with altar between);
• 320–1: VIRTVS EXERCIT (standard);
• 321–3: BEATA TRANQVILLITAS (altar);
• 323–4: Vota types (legend in wreath: D N CONSTANTINI MAX AVG, CAESARVM NOSTRORVM
and SARMATIA DEVICTA, Victory advancing)
• 324–30: PROVIDENTIAE AVGG/CAESS (camp-gate).
12
Sully (no. 1970), 96 denarii and Langtoft (1987), 3 denarii.
13
The hoards are: Falmouth (no. 2006), 327 coins; Doncaster (no. 2019), 6 coins; North Baddesley (no. 2046), 1 coin
and Fakenham (no. 1995), 81 coins.
14
Sutherland 1967, 93−105; Burnett 1987, 131.
15
There is only one argenteus recorded by PAS: ESS-C83012, a coin of Diocletian with reverse VIRTVS MILITVM, C in
exergue.
16
Burnett 1987, 132.
17
Burnett 1987, 132.
These coin issues were struck at the same weight and circulated together side by side, but the issues
struck before 317 do seem to have disappeared from circulation: this is demonstrated by one of the
largest hoards of the period, from Cae Bardd in Powys, with 5,032 nummi, closing in 328, during
the PROVIDENTIA issue (table 6.5). This has only three coins with the SOLI INVICTO COMITI
reverse; all the others belong to period 16, and they are all present in substantial numbers. This does
suggest that there was a systematic calling in of the old coinage after the end of the SOLI INVICTO
COMITI issue in 317–18.
Period 16 is a relatively short period of 13 years, represented by a modest 71 hoards (although this
represents a slightly higher level of hoarding than in the previous period). None of these hoards is
particularly large: the largest (Little Orme, no. 2071), only has a relatively modest 5,032 nummi and
Cae Bardd (no. 2104, table 6.5), 5,005 coins.
TABLE 6.5. Composition of the Cae Bardd hoard (no. 2104)

Period Qty %
SOLI INVICTO COMITI (317) 3 0.06
VICTORIAE LAETAE PRINC PERP (318–19) 319 6.37
VIRTVS EXERCIT (320–1) 336 6.71
BEATA TRANQVILLITAS (321–3) 2,108 42.12
Vota (323–4) 1,392 27.81
PROVIDENTIAE AVGG/CAESS (324–30) 844 16.86
Uncertain 3 0.06
Total 5,005
The coinage found in hoards of this period is in fact remarkably homogeneous. Amongst earlier
issues, the earlier denarii and aes coins now seem to have disappeared from circulation and only
a few radiates remain (they account for 1.4 per cent of all coins). So far as contemporary issues
are concerned, there are only nummi. Although Constantine introduced siliquae and miliarenses in
323–5,18 these are not found in hoards of this period, while no gold coins have been found either.19
(c) Period 17, 330–48 (211 hoards, adjusted to 263; 30,222 records on PAS database, map 23)
211 hoards, 203,587 coins, average size: 1,039 coins
Largest hoards: Nether Compton (no. 2221): 22,703 coins; Seaton (no. 2286): 22,525 coins
Aurei: 1 hoard has 10 coins (Holyhead, no. 2210)
Radiates: 53 hoards have 894 coins (37 have 3 or fewer)
Denarii: 4 hoards have 15 coins (all pre–238) (3 only have 1 specimen)
Siliquae/miliarenses: absent
In 330 Constantine carried out a further reduction of the nummus to 2.5 g, allied with the introduc-
tion of a new reverse type GLORIA EXERCITVS (two soldiers with two standards). Coins with this
reverse (along with the accompanying issues for the cities of Rome and Constantinople) were issued
over the next eleven years, until 341; there was a further weight reduction in 335 to 1.7 g, when
the reverse design was changed to GLORIA EXERCITVS two soldiers with a single standard. This
coinage was discontinued in 34120 and replaced (in western mints) with the reverse VICTORIAE DD
AVGGQ NN (Two Victories), struck at the same standard as the GLORIA EXERCITVS (1 standard)
issue.21 The Two Victories type continued until 348 when there was another major reform with the
introduction of the FEL TEMP REPARATIO coinage, which marks the next period.
18
Carson 1990, 240; Bland, Moorhead and Walton 2013, 117.
19
Constantine introduced a new gold coin, which we call the solidus, at 4.4 g or 1/72 to the pound in 309 (Sutherland
1967, 100; Bruun 1966, 1−3). Hendy (1985, 466) notes that the term aureus was still being used in 323
20
Kent 1981, 60.
21
The date of the VICTORIAE DD AVGGQ NN issue is a matter of some uncertainty. In their Late Roman Bronze
Coinage in 1960 Carson, Hill and Kent dated it to 341−6. As it is now generally accepted that the FEL TEMP REPARATIO
coinage which succeeded it was struck on the occasion of the 1100th anniversary of Rome in 348, it is now accepted
The coins of this period are the most common issues occurring as single finds, both on the PAS
database and also as recorded by Reece (fig. 5.19). It does indeed seem that they were struck in
very large quantities. It is therefore not surprising that hoards closing in this period are also very
common (there are 211) and that there is a peak in hoarding in this period (fig. 6.1): however, the
hoards of this period are slightly less prolific than the site finds (pl. 24).
Because the coins were produced in such large quantities, eight out of the ten largest hoards of the
4th and 5th centuries date to Period 17 (table 6.6).
TABLE 6.6. The ten largest hoards of the fourth and fifth centuries
No Location RP To AV Rad AR Nummi All
2221 Nether Compton, Dorset 17 335–41 600 22,103 22,703
2286 Seaton Down (Colyton), Devon 17 341–8 11 22,514 22,525
2303 Bishops Wood (Walford), Herefs 17 341–8 2 17,548 17,550
3033 Hoxne 1992, Suffolk 22 407–8 580 14,630 24 15,101
2190 Swine 1826, East Yorks 17 330–41 14,000 14,000
2297 Thornbury, Glos 17 341–8 11 11,449 11,460
2327 Chepstow, Monmouthshire 17 341–8 10,000 10,000
2462 Cowlam (Cottam), East Yorks 18 353–61 4 9,522 9,526
2207 Nesscliffe (Shrewsbury area), Salop 17 333–5 18 9,297 9,315
One hoard, recently discovered at Seaton Down in Devon, can serve as an example of hoards of this
period. This is the second largest hoard of this period and, indeed, of the whole of the 4th and 5th
centuries: the largest hoard, Nether Compton (no. 2221), only has a few more coins and was never
fully recorded: it closes at the same time as Seaton Down.
Pl. 27 shows the hoard as it was in the ground, while a summary is given in Table 6.7. From this it
can be seen that all but 129 coins (0.7 per cent of the total) were struck after 330, and the majority
were made before the weight reduction of 335.
TABLE 6.7. Composition of the Seaton Down hoard (no. 2286): 22,525 nummi to c.347
Period Qty. %
Radiates (268–74) 10 0.05
310–17 11 0.05
317–24 71 0.33
324–30 37 0.17
330–5 17,566 82.58
335–41 3,573 16.80
341–8 3 0.01
Not cleaned c.1,254
Total 22,525
Another large hoard is illustrated in fig. 6.7, from Thornbury, South Gloucestershire (no. 2297),
containing 11,460 coins, also closing with a few specimens of the VICTORIAE DD AVGGQ NN
issue.
that the Two Victories issue continued until 348. Most scholars now think it most likely that this issue started in 341,
on the cessation of the GLORIA EXERCITVS issue, but in RIC Kent believed that the issue did not start until c.347.
This is because he saw the Two Victories issue as having been struck in parallel with the sister issue struck at eastern
mints which included VOTA XV reverses for Constans: these started in 346−7. He adopted the date c.347−8 for the
VICTORIAE DD AVGGQ NN coinage without explicitly explaining this. However, the dating of the imperial Vota in
the 4th century is notoriously difficult and most scholars prefer not to have a six year gap in bronze coin production
and believe the issue dates to 341−8.
Fig. 6.2. Thornbury (South Glos) hoard: 11,460 nummi to ad 348 (© Bristol Museums, Galleries and Archives)
The coinage of this period is very uniform, with the nummus dominating: the hoards contain 894
radiates (0.44 per cent) and 15 denarii. No hoards contain the new silver miliarenses or siliquae,22
while one hoard contained ten gold solidi (Holyhead, no. 2210).
(d) Period 18, 348–64 (158 hoards, adjusted to 186; 11,099 records on PAS database, map 24)
Largest hoard: Cowlam (no. 2462) 9,526 nummi
Solidi: 30 coins in 1 hoard (Water Newton, no. 2360);23 plus uncertain number in another hoard
(Tarbarrow, Cirencester, no. 2500)
Radiates: 784 coins in 42 hoards (25 contain 3 or fewer coins; 1 (Richborough, no. 2458) contains
558 coins)
Siliquae/miliarenses: 995 coins in 8 hoards. One hoard contains 926 coins (Southsea, no. 2515).
No denarii.
Nummi: 73,980 coins in 144 hoards
This period is the era of Constantine’s sons and his nephew Julian, from 337–64, interrupted by
the usurpation of Magnentius (350–3). There was a major reform of the bronze coinage in 348,
with the introduction of the FEL TEMP REPARATIO reverse in three denominations (weighing 5.26
g, 4.25 g and 2.4 g) .24 However, this time the old nummi do not seem to have been recalled. After
348, the coinage followed its usual pattern in the later Empire: within two years the two smaller
denominations ceased to be produced while the largest was progressively reduced in size in c.353
and 355, by which point it weighed no more than 2.26 g. In 350 in the west Magnentius had intro-
duced a new larger denomination with a large Chi-Rho weighing 8.3 g (it was rapidly reduced),
and a second denomination of about 5 g, soon being reduced to 4.6 g and then 4.2 g. 25 In 358
the FEL TEMP REPARATIO reverse was replaced with a new one, SPES REI PVBLICE, weighing 1.96
g. In 360 Julian became emperor in the west, and sole emperor from 361. He introduced another
reform, with a large denomination of 9 g and a smaller one of 2.9 g.; his nummi were replaced by
the Valentinianic nummus in 364. The bronze coins of Julian are not common in Britain, but the
22
Although miliarenses and siliquae of this period did circulate in Britain: ten examples have been recorded by PAS
(table 6.2).
23
This is a different find from the hoard of Christian silver from Water Newton (pl. 5: above, chapter 2, n. 47).
24
Kent 1981, 61.
25
Kent 1981, 63.
FEL TEMP REPARATIO issues are and, as with earlier periods, the later lighter-weight coins appear
to have circulated alongside the earlier heavier issues.
TABLE 6.8. Composition of the Coleshill hoard (no. 2466): 3,236 nummi to 353
Period Qty. %
Before 330 1 0.03
330–5 110 3.40
335–41 648 20.02
341–8 1,152 35.60
348–50 503 15.54
350–3 766 23.67
Illegible 56 1.73
Total 3,236
The Coleshill hoard (no. 2466, table 6.8) serves as an example of a bronze hoard of this period.
The latest coins date to the very end of Magnentius’s reign in 353, and one can see how mixed
the coinage stock of this period is: there are 110 coins of the GLORIA EXERCITVS (2 standards)
issue of 330–5 and the largest single element of the hoard consists of 1,800 GLORIA EXERCITVS
and VICTORIAE DD AVGGQ NN coins of the lower standard of 1.8 g, issued from 335–48. There is
then a group of 503 coins of the new FEL TEMP REPARATIO coinage (of all three denominations),
followed by 766 coins of Magnentius.
The precious metal coinages enjoyed greater stability at this time. The gold solidus continued to
be struck to a weight of 4.4 g, although it was debased towards the end of Constantius’s reign and
under Julian.26 There was an increase in production during the 350s, which could have been related
to the discovery of new sources of metal, as analyses have shown that the gold contained traces of
platinum for the first time in this period.27 Silver miliarenses (fig. 6.4) and siliquae continued to be
produced to a high fineness and the main change was that in c.357 Constantius reduced the weight
of the siliqua from 3.1 g to 2.0 g (fig. 6.5). 28 This coincided with a great increase in production of
these coins.
Although there are only two hoards with gold coins and eight with silver coins in Period 16,29 the
single finds of siliquae recorded by PAS show that the reduced-weight coins of c.357–64 were in fact
present in Britain in significant quantities (see below).30
(e) Period 19, 364–78 (96 hoards, adjusted to 122; 19,241 records on PAS database, map 25)
95 hoards, 18,712 coins, average. size: 206 coins
Largest hoard: Manchester (no. 2611) 1,663 coins
Solidi: 25 coins in 7 hoards
Radiates: 234 coins in 32 hoards (13 have 3 or fewer coins)
Siliquae/miliarenses: 3,029 coins in 22 hoards
In 364 Valentinian I became emperor and immediately reformed the nummus, introducing a single
denomination that weighed c.2.5 g. This coin was produced in considerable quantities over the next
fifteen years: indeed these coins are second in frequency among British finds only to the GLORIA
EXERCITVS issues of 330–41. In addition, Valentinian abandoned Julian’s experiment with adding
silver to the coinage alloy and from this time onwards the nummus was a coin made of pure copper.
26
Morrisson et al. 1985, 92−5.
27
Loc. cit. See table in Bland and Loriot 2010, xxv−xxvi.
28
For the date see below, n. 41.
29
One hoard, Southsea (no. 2515) contains 926 coins of the total of 995 silver coins from the eight hoards of this
period.
30
Valentinian’s nummi were not, however, hoarded in great quantities: tables 6.1 and 6.2 show that
there were 18,712 nummi of 364–78 from hoards compared with 203,587 coins of 330–48; in con-
trast there were 30,222 nummi of 330–48 recorded by PAS and 19,241 of 364–78. The largest nummus
hoard of period 19 only contains 1,663 coins (Manchester, no. 2611), whereas there are 27 larger
hoards of nummi from period 17. There is no ready explanation for this, but one feature of this
period is the increasing importance of gold and silver issues among the stock of coins being hoarded.
The bronze coinage of this period does seem to have become quite homogeneous, although earlier
issues are not completely excluded. Table 6.7 is a summary of one of the largest nummus hoards of
this period, from King’s Langley (4 radiates and 1546 nummi; the latest coins are 57 specimens of
Arles of 375–8).
TABLE 6.9. Composition of the Kings Langley hoard

(no. 2669): 4 radiates and 1,546 nummi to 378
Period Qty %
Radiates 4 0.26
Nummi, pre–330 1 0.06
330–5 20 1.29
335–41 21 1.35
341–8 25 1.61
348–60 61 3.94
360–4 3 0.19
364–78 1,409 90.90
Uncertain 6 0.39
Total 1,550
From this it can be seen that while the earlier coins are not completely absent (they account for
nine per cent of the hoard), 91 per cent of the coins in the hoard come from period 17.
Although the number of hoards with nummi of period 17 might be low relative to the size of the
issue, this is a period which saw a large increase in the number of gold and silver hoards. There are
seven hoards that contain a total of 25 solidi, while 22 hoards contain 3,029 miliarenses and siliquae.
The circulation of silver will be discussed below (pp. 110–18) and in chapter 7.31
(f) Period 20, 378–88 (37 hoards, adjusted to 50; 828 records on PAS database, map 26)
37 hoards, 5,800 coins, average size 166 coins
Largest hoard: Wrington (no. 2679): 1,283 nummi
Radiates: 19 coins in 5 hoards
Siliquae/miliarenses: 1686 coins in 24 hoards
This period, covering ten years from the death of Valens in 378 to the ending of Magnus Maximus’s
usurpation in 388, is an intermediate time between the previous period 19, during which great
number of nummi had been struck, although not hoarded to an equivalent extent, and period 21,
from 388 to 402, which saw the last regular supplies of large numbers of coins in all three metals
to Britain. It can be divided into two halves, (a) from 378–83, before Magnus Maximus’s usurpa-
tion and (b) 383–88, the reign of Magnus Maximus, who controlled the western provinces and was
defeated by Theodosius in 388.
The Valentinianic nummus of 2.5 g continued to be struck in 378–83, while a new larger denomination
weighing c.5.3 g was introduced, along with a small coin of c.1.5 g.32 Maximus continued these three
denominations. However, these coins are rare in Britain: only 605 bronze coins of all denominations
31
I have discussed the precious-metal hoards of this period in general in Bland 1997, the gold hoards in Bland and
Loriot 2010, 75−83 and the silver hoards and single finds in Bland, Moorhead and Walton 2013.
32
Burnett 1987, 138; Pearce 1951, xxx−xxxii.
of this period have been recorded by PAS, compared with 18,776 of period 17. This comparative
scarcity of coins in circulation is reflected in the low number of hoards: there are only 37 hoards
in all from this period, the lowest number per year since 296–317, and only ten of these 37 hoards
contain nummi. As an example of a bronze hoard of this period Table 6.8 is a summary of the com-
position of the Wiveliscombe hoard, containing 10 radiates and 1129 nummi and closing with 2
coins of Flavius Victor of 387–8.
TABLE 6.10. Composition of the Wiveliscombe I hoard

(no. 2701): 10 radiates and 1,129 nummi to 387–8
Period Qty %
Radiates 10 0.88
317–30 3 0.26
330–41 36 3.16
341–8 44 3.86
348–61 54 4.74
361–3 7 0.61
364–78 864 75.86
378–83 94 8.25
Illegible 27 2.37
Total 1,139
What can be seen from this is that the new denominations introduced in 378 circulated alongside
the prolific issues of 364–78. This is not surprising given that coins continued to be struck on the
Valentinianic standard of c.2.5 g.
Gold and silver hoards became increasingly common in this period: six hoards contained a total of
solidi and 24 hoards had a total of 1,686 miliarenses and siliquae. For more details see below.
(g) Period 21, 388–402 (236 hoards, adjusted to 263; 2,335 records on PAS database, map 27)
236 hoards, 77,111 coins, average. size 328 coins
Largest hoard: Bishops Cannings (no. 2963): 7,403 coins
Radiates: 511 coins in 61 hoards (25 with 3 or fewer coins)
Nummi: 57,366 in 127 hoards
Period 21, from 388 to 402, the year in which the western emperor, Honorius, moved his court
from Milan to Ravenna and stopped striking coins at Milan, is the last period during which the
Roman mints kept Britain regularly supplied with new issues of coins in all three metals. While
gold and silver continued to come into Britain until Constantine III’s reign in 407–11, bronze coins
almost totally stopped being supplied to the province after 402.33
The only bronze denomination that survived in this period was the small AE4 weighing about 1.5
g, the two larger denominations having ceased to be made in the west after the end of Magnus
Maximus’s reign in 388. The AE4 coin did find its way into British hoards in large numbers: 127 of
the 236 hoards of this period contained a total of 57,366 nummi (but only a few of those were issues
of period 21). The PAS data gives a better idea of the volume of bronze coinage entering Britain at
this time: there are 1907 nummi of period 21 on the PAS database, rather more than the 605 nummi
of period 20, but many fewer than the 18,776 coins of 364–78 (period 19).34
The largest hoard of bronze of this period is Bishops Cannings (no. 2963), with 5,837 nummi, as
well as 1 solidus, 7 miliarenses and 1,563 siliquae (together with items of jewellery). Like so many
33
Abdy and Williams 2006, Moorhead 2013, 211.
34
We need to enter a health warning as regards the hoards of bronze coins of this period. These AE4 nummi are of the
smallest module, normally poorly struck and with the name of the emperor and the mint mark very hard to read. The
bronze hoards of this period are not normally as well described as the gold and silver hoards. However, even with that
qualification, there is a very definite spike in the number of hoards that end with these issues.
hoards, it closes in 402. The hoard is summarised in Table 6.11. Of the 5,196 identifiable nummi
in Bishops Cannings, 3,609 date to periods 20 and 21 (60.87 per cent), showing that considerable
numbers of bronze coins of this period did enter Britain.
TABLE 6.11. Composition of the Bishops Cannings hoard (no. 2963):

1 solidus, 1,569 silver coins, 49 radiates and 7,407 nummi to 402
Period AV AR AE Total %
Radiates 49 49 0.66
296–330 (15–16) 7 7 0.09
330–5 62 62 0.84
335–41 99 99 1.34
341–8 86 86 1.16
348–60 64 153 217 2.93
360–4 116 1 117 1.58
364–78 1 337 1,128 1,466 19.79
378–83 352 57 203 2.74
383–402 548 3,552 4,306 58.13
Copies 70 0.95
Uncertain 82 643 725 9.79
Total 1 1,569 5,837 7,407
(h) Period 22, 402–45 (18 hoards; 28 records on PAS database, map 28)
18 hoards, 20,026 coins, average size 1,113 coins (without Hoxne: 290)
Largest hoard: Hoxne (no. 3033): 15,101 coins
Solidi: 1,465 coins in 14 hoards
No radiates
Nummi: 34 coins in 4 hoards
This period lasts from 402 to 445, but in fact all 18 British hoards of this period close between
402 and 407–8, the first year of Constantine III’s reign. Coin circulation is now dominated by pre-
cious-metal coins: 14 hoards contain solidi, while eight contain siliquae or miliarenses and only four
have nummi. For the precious-metal hoards see below.
As we have noted, bronze coins later than 402 are extremely rare in Britain (there are 13 recorded
by PAS),35 and no hoards of bronze coins were known until a small group of eight nummi was dis-
covered at Whittington in Northumberland, just about one mile north of Hadrian’s Wall, in 2007.36
This contained a GLORIA ROMANORVM three emperors type which is dateable to 402–06 (fig. 6.3).
This hoard changed our perceptions of the date of the abandonment of Hadrian’s Wall.
Fig. 6.3. GLORIA ROMANORVM nummus (ad 402–6) from the Whittington, Northumberland, hoard (no. 3027, PAS)
35
See Abdy and Williams 2006.
36
Collins 2008.
TABLE 6.12. Composition of the Whittington hoard

(no. 3027): 8 nummi to 406
Period Qty %
317–30 1 12.50
330–5 1 12.50
335–41 1 12.50
355–61 2 25.00
364–7 2 25.00
406–8 1 12.50
Total 8
(i) Period 23, 445–98 (3 hoards; 4 records on PAS database, map 29)
3 hoards, 57 coins, average size 19 coins
Largest hoard: Patching (no. 3036): 50 coins (23 solidi + 27 siliquae)
Siliquae: 30 coins in 2 hoards
Denarius: 1 coin
Nummi: absent
There are only three hoards of this period, the Patching hoard of 23 solidi and 27 siliquae and other
precious-metal objects (no. 3036) to 461–70; 1 ‘brass coin’ and three siliquae (2 of Valentinian III
and 1 of Anthemius, ad 467–72) found in a burial at Chatham Lines (no. 3036A) and Oxborough
(no. 3037), which has two solidi and a denarius to 475–6, although these coins were found in an
Anglo-Saxon cemetery and may represent a grave-burial rather than a hoard. No nummi have been
found in hoards of this period. Patching and Oxborough are discussed below (p. 118).
6.4. Gold and silver hoards
Gold
We have already seen (pl. 23), that for the first half of the fourth century gold and silver coins were
almost totally absent from British hoards and are extremely rare as single finds. Gold coins appear
more frequently in hoards after 364; after 402, when the regular supply of coinage to Britain ceases,
gold, along with silver coins totally dominate coin circulation.
I have discussed the circulation of gold coinage in Britain, including hoards, elsewhere37 and will
not repeat the information given there here. Hoards containing gold coins peak in the later 4th
century, from 364 to 408. There are 49 hoards that contain gold coins dating to before 296 and
61 that close between 296 and 408. More than half of these 4th century hoards (33) have coins of
other metals, generally silver, and many also include items of jewellery or plate (chapter 7).
While gold coins never amounted to a major element of the total stock of coins being hoarded
(there are 1,826 solidi out of a total of 497,951 coins, or 0.4 per cent), they do amount to a very sig-
nificant proportion of the total value of money that was hoarded.38 According to Depeyrot, a solidus
of the period 364–402 would be worth 80 siliquae or 2,880 nummi of the GLORIA ROMANORVM/
SECVRITAS REI PVBLICAE issue of 364–78.39 On this basis the 1,826 solidi found in British hoards
would be the equivalent of 146,080 siliquae (there are 43,641 siliquae and miliarenses in our hoards)
or 5,258,880 nummi (there are 412,508 nummi in our hoards).
Silver
In 323–5 Constantine I introduced new denominations of high-quality silver coins which are
known today as siliquae and miliarenses.40 However, finds of these denominations are rare in his
37
38
39
Depeyrot 1992, 81–2.
40
Bland, Moorhead and Walton 2013, 117; Carson 1990, 240; Guest 2005. Both heavy and light miliarenses were struck,
reign and none are known from Britain. Production increased under Constantine’s sons, after 337
(two miliarenses and ten siliquae of this period have been recorded by PAS: table 6.11), but siliquae
and miliarenses issued before c.357 are only found in Britain in small quantities. In c.35741 the sili-
qua was reduced in weight from c.3.1 g to c.2 g and this seems to have resulted in a great increase
in the production of these coins.42
From c.357 until 402, when the mint of Milan was closed, silver coins form a substantial compo-
nent of British hoards (table 6.13). They account for 1.32 per cent of all coins in hoards closing
in 348–64, 16.2 per cent in hoards of 364–78, 29.1 per cent in hoards of 378–88, to 24.8 per cent
in hoards of 388–402 and 94.2 per cent in hoards of 402–45 (in fact all these hoards close in 408).
TABLE 6.13. Percentage of silver coins in total number of coins in hoards of Periods 18–23
Period Silver coins percentage
18 (348–64) 1.32
19 (364–78) 16.19
20 (378–88) 29.07
21 (388–402) 24.80
22 (402–45) 94.19
23 (445–98) 52.83
However, it should be remembered that these figures reflect how many out of the total number
of coins in hoards that close in period 18 etc. are silver; this is not the same as how many silver
coins there are of period 18 etc. Table 6.14 takes two of the largest hoards of silver coins, Bishops
Cannings and Hoxne and analyses how many silver coins there are of each period in each of these
hoards.
Hoxne has a higher proportion of siliquae of 388-402 and this, combined with the fact that it has
eight coins struck between 402 and 408, whereas Bishops Cannings has none, suggests that Hoxne
was buried later, perhaps as late as the 420s, whereas Bishops Cannings was buried shortly after 402.
TABLE 6.14. Comparison of the silver coins from the Bishops Cannings and Hoxne hoards
Bishops
Cannings % Hoxne %
330–48 0 0 5 0.03
348–64 180 11.47 1,306 8.91
364–78 337 21.48 3,113 21.24
378–88 352 22.43 2,269 15.48
388–402 548 34.93 7,525 51.34
402–8 0 0.00 8 0.05
Copies 70 4.46 428 2.92
Uncertain 82 5.23 4 0.03
Total 1,569 14,658
There is a divergence between the pattern of silver coins from hoards and the stray finds recorded
by PAS (table 6.15). 43 Over a third (36.2 per cent) of the 1,739 coins recorded by the Scheme date
to Period 18 (table 6.15), whereas only 11.5 per cent of the coins in the Bishops Cannings hoard
and 8.9 per cent of those in Hoxne come from this period. Clearly the frequency of these coins in
hoards is not directly related to the numbers actually in circulation in Britain (although of course
weighing c.5.2 g and c.4.2 g respectively. All the examples recorded by PAS are light miliarenses. We do not know whether
the names given for these denominations were those used by the Romans, but they have been hallowed by long usage.
41
The date when the siliqua was reduced in weight is not known for certain: dates between 355 and 358 have been
suggested. See Bland, Moorhead and Walton 2013, 117, n. 10, where it was concluded that 357 was most likely.
42
Burnett 1987, 136−7.
43
See Bland, Moorhead and Walton 2013, 133-7.
some of the single finds of c.357–64 recorded by PAS could represent later losses). It seems that
because the closing dates of the hoards that contain silver coins are not evenly spread out over the
period c.357–408, but cluster strongly in the last decade of that period, they contain a larger pro-
portion of later issues. The PAS finds therefore give a better idea of the relatively frequency of siliqua
issues from c.357 to 408, and they show that the coins of Constantius and Julian are more common
than the later issues that occur more frequently in hoards.44
TABLE 6.15. Miliarenses and siliquae recorded by the PAS

Period Siliquae % Miliarenses %
330–48 (17) 10 0.58 2 11.11
348–64 (18) 629 36.17 5 27.78
364–78 (19) 449 25.82 8 44.44
378–88 (20) 219 12.59 2 11.11
388–402 (21) 424 24.38 1 5.56
402–8 (22) 8 0.46 0 0.00
Total, identifiable coins 1,739 18
Uncertain 200 2
Grand total 1,939 38
Both the precious metal and the bronze hoards peak in the period from 395 to 402. The mint of
Milan issued gold solidi and silver siliquae in great quantities in this period: 367 of the 580 solidi in
the Hoxne treasure belong to these years (fig. 6.6) and 4,624 of the 14,547 siliquae (fig. 6.7). These
issues came to a sudden end in 402 when Honorius moved the Comitatensian mint from Milan,
by then increasingly exposed to barbarian raids across the Alps, to the safer location of Ravenna.
The great concentration of hoards that close with these issues has no other parallels in the Roman
period except for the radiate issues of the period 274−96 (chapter 5).
Fig. 6.4. Miliarensis of Constantius II, ad 340–8 (left) and, Fig. 6.5, reduced siliqua of Constantius II, ad 357–61 (right)
(British Museum)
Fig. 6.6. Solidi of Arcadius and Honorius, Mi- Fig. 6.7. Siliquae of Arcadius and Honorius,
lan, ad 395–402 Milan, ad 395–402 (British Museum)
44
In Bland, Moorhead and Walton 2013, 130−1, it was shown that the finds from excavated assemblages at
Richborough and Cirencester broadly confirm the PAS pattern.
Of course it is another matter when the hoards that close with issues of 402 would have been
buried in the ground, given that no more silver or bronze coins entered Britain in any significant
quantities after that date. Discussions of the date of hoarding of the silver hoards normally turn to
a discussion of the date at which siliquae were clipped (fig. 6.8 and 6.9).45 This seems to have been
a gradual process. The first steps at clipping seem to have occurred in the late 380s and 390s, but it
does seem clear that the more extreme level of clipping – as seen in fig. 6.9 – probably only started
after the mint stopped supplying new issues in 402.
At the same time we find a significant number of contemporary copies
of siliquae (fig. 6.10): between about three and eight per cent of coins in
hoards are imitations,46 while eight per cent of the single finds recorded
by PAS were copies.47 Analyses have shown that these coins were made of
good silver,48 and it seems possible that they were made after the official
Figs. 6.8 and 6.9. Un- issues had dried up in 402.
clipped and clipped siliquae We have no way of knowing exactly how long siliquae continued to
of Honorius, ad 395–402
circulate after 402, but most of those who have considered the problem
believe it could have been for twenty or thirty years, based on a study of
clipping and wear.
After the mint of Milan closed in 402 gold solidi continue to be struck
in some quantity at Ravenna, Rome (fig. 6.11) and Aquileia until 408
and these regularly occur in hoards, while Constantine III, governor of
Britain who declared himself emperor in 407 and then advanced into
Fig. 6.10. Contemporary
Gaul to assert his claim, also struck siliquae at the start of his reign which
copies of siliquae of Honori- are found in Britain (fig. 6.12). With the exception of a very few later
us (British Museum) outliers,49 these are the latest silver coins that occur in Britain.
The Hoxne Treasure

I will now look in more detail at one hoard of this period, the great
Hoxne treasure which contained 580 gold, 14,658 silver and 24
bronze coins (pl. 28), besides 200 items of gold and silver jewellery
and table-ware.50 The discovery of this hoard in 1992 transformed
our perception of late Roman coin circulation in Britain, in the
same way that other very large hoards have, such as Cuerdale
for the tenth century, or Tutbury for the 14th century. Sixty-one Fig. 6.11. Solidus of Honorius
hoards containing gold coins of the period, 296–408 are known from Rome, ad 404–8
from Britain and these have a total of 1,826 solidi; Hoxne has 580.
It is the same with silver: 180 hoards from Britain contain 43,641
silver coins; Hoxne adds another 14,658.
Fig. 6.12. Siliquae of Constantine

III, ad 407–8 (British Museum)
45
Burnett 1984; Bland, Moorhead and Walton 2013.
46
4.5% of the siliquae in the Bishops Cannings hoard were imitations, compared with 2.9% of the silver coins in
Hoxne (table 6.14)
47
48
Guest 2005.
49
Exceptions are the three siliquae of Valentinian III and Anthemius from Chatham Lines (Blackburn 1988) and four
siliquae from the Patching hoard (Theodosius II (1) and Visigothic issues of Honorius (2) and Valentinian III (1): see
Bland, Moorhead and Walton 2013, p. 139, n. 12. For finds of fifth-century gold coins in Britain see Bland and Loriot
2010.
50
Guest 2005; Johns 2010.
TABLE 6.16. Composition of the Hoxne hoard (no. 3033): 580 solidi, 14,658 silver coins, 16 radiates
and 8 nummi to 408
Period AV % AR % AE % Total %
Radiate 16 66.67 16 0.10
330–48 5 0.03 1 4.17 6 0.04
348–64 1,306 8.91 1 4.17 1,307 8.56
364–78 13 2.24 3,113 21.24 3,126 20.48
378–88 27 4.66 2,269 15.48 2,296 15.04
388–402 446 76.90 7,525 51.34 6 25.00 7,977 52.27
402–8 94 16.21 8 0.05 102 0.67
Copies 428 2.92 428 2.80
Uncertain 4 0.03 4 0.03
Total 580 14,658 24 15,262
The Hoxne hoard clearly belonged to a wealthy family – quite possibly a family that owned land in
several different provinces of the Roman Empire. It was the equivalent of about three years’ salary
for a provincial governor. Some of objects are inscribed with personal names, and most importantly
there are two sets with the name Aur[elius] Ursicinus (pl. 29). Seven different names are inscribed
on various objects in the hoard, but the name of Aurelius Ursicinus appears much more frequently
than any others and it seems likely that he was at one time the owner of the hoard. So we come
closer to learning the identity of the owner of this hoard than any other find from Roman Britain,
but unfortunately we cannot identify this Ursicinus with any of the people of this name listed in
the Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire since they all have the first name Flavius rather than
Aurelius.51
Several other objects in the Hoxne treasure have personal names and these include interesting links
with named objects in other late Roman treasures from East Anglia, including Water Newton (p. 19
and pl. 5) and Mildenhall.
Fig. 6.13. Excavation of Hoxne treasure (Suffolk County Council Archaeology Service)
51
Jones, Martindale and Morris 1971; Martindale 1980.
Figs 6.14−6.15. Hoxne: plan of site and (left) excavation of findspot (right) (from Johns 2010)
Eric Lawes, who discovered the Hoxne hoard with a metal detector, reported his find very promptly
and archaeologists from the Suffolk Archaeological Unit excavated the find the day after the dis-
covery (fig. 6.13).
Figs 6.14–6.15 show a plan of the site and, on the right, of the immediate findspot of the hoard. The
only recognizable feature is a ditch.
Fig. 6.16 is a view of the findspot today. The most obvious point about it is that it is an almost fea-
tureless field and there is nothing in the landscape to suggest why the hoarder might have chosen
to bury his wealth there.
The context of this extraordinary find remains enigmatic. Fig. 6.17 shows Roman East Anglia:
no trace of Roman occupation is known from the immediate area where the treasure was found,
although the Roman road from Colchester to Caistor St Edmunds is only a mile away and two miles
away, at Scole, there is a small Roman settlement on that road.
There is a record of a single solidus of Honorius found at Hoxne in 1733,52 while there is another
record of a hoard of over 600 gold coins of emperors from Valentinian I to Honorius and Constantine
III (very similar in fact to the Hoxne solidi) found at the neighbouring village of Eye in about 1780.53
Although local records suggest that the find-spots were nearly four miles apart, it remains a consid-
erable coincidence that two hoards containing over 500 solidi of the same period should have been
buried so relatively close to each other and it seems at least possible that they might form two parts
52
Bland and Loriot 2010, no. 541 on p. 244.
53
No. 3032; Bland & Loriot 2010, no. 550 on p. 247.
Fig. 6.16. Findspot of the Hoxne treasure in October 2013 (author)
of the same deposit. If this is correct, then we may speculate that the owners of the hoard possessed
a large estate and buried their wealth across different parts of it. And Hoxne lies in an area which
is very rich in late Roman hoards such as Thetford,54 Mildenhall,55 and Water Newton (fig. 6.17,
pl. 5).56
So, the hoard of 159 gold solidi of exactly the same period as those in Hoxne found at Sandridge
near St Albans in 2012 (pl. 30, no. 3031) would have been the largest hoard of late Roman gold
coins from Britain if it had been found 20 years earlier, but it is overshadowed by Hoxne.
TABLE 6.17. Composition of the Sandridge hoard

(no. 3031): 158 solidi to 408
Period Total %
378–88 3 1.89
388–402 136 85.53
402–8 20 12.58
Total 159
54
Johns and Potter 1983.
55
Hobbs 2012; Hobbs 2016.
56
Painter 1977.
Fig. 6.17. Roman East Anglia (from Guest 2005)

A new hoard always has the potential to revise our understanding of coin circulation. One such
was the hoard from Patching in West Sussex found by two detector users in 1997 (pl. 31 and table
6.18). It consists of 23 gold solidi, 27 silver siliquae, two gold rings and 54 pieces of silver scrap.57
This find pushes the date of the latest known hoard of Roman coins from Britain forward by more
than 50 years from about ad 408 to the 460s, as it contained a coin of Libius Severus (ad 461–65),
besides some twenty other coins that are all later than 410. Is this hoard the exception that proves
the rule or does it completely change the previously-held orthodoxy that Roman coins ceased to
enter Britain after the reign of Constantine III? We now have much more data on the number of
gold coins issues after ad 408 that occur in Britain,58 as well as on bronze coins,59 and this has shown
that we need to take a more nuanced view of the cessation of coin supply to Britain, as later issues
are found in small numbers. However, post–408 issues found in Britain probably came here through
small-scale trade, or were brought here by individuals coming to Britain from the Continent and it
is still clear that official coin supply of new issues to Britain did end in ad 408.
TABLE 6.18. Composition of the Patching hoard

(no. 3036): 23 solidi and 27 siliquae to 461–5
Period AV AR Total %
Republic 1 1 2.00
337–48 2 2 4.00
361–4 1 1 2.00
364–78 1 9 10 20.00
378–88 1 2 3 6.00
388–402 3 4 7 14.00
402–25 3 5 8 16.00
425–55 13 13 26.00
457–61 1 1 2.00
461–70 1 1 2.00
Uncertain 3 3 6.00
Total 23 27 50
6.5 Geographical distribution
Maps 21–29 show the geographical distribution of hoards from 296 to 491 by Reece period: the PAS
finds are shown as pale dots and the precious-metal hoards are shown with stars. Map 30 shows all
precious-metal hoards.
In most periods there is a wide distribution across England and Wales, but there are some unusual
features. There is, for example, a concentration on both sides of the Severn estuary, particularly
in periods 17 and 18 (330–64). Two areas which produce more hoards than might be expected,
because they lie outside the ‘core’ of Roman Britain are north Wales and Cornwall, although these
are not focused on a particular period, as there are examples from both areas for all periods from
296 to 402. There are many hoards from Isle of Wight in period 21 (388–402) and a few from before.
In period 21 there are significant numbers of both precious-metal and bronze hoards, and these
seem to cluster in different areas, with the gold and silver finds concentrated in Yorkshire, East
Anglia and Wiltshire and Dorset and the bronze hoards around the Severn. The latest finds, from
periods 22 and 23 (402–91), retreat to the south and east of Britain, with two outliers in Yorkshire
and one from Hadrian’s Wall (maps 28–29).
57
Orna-Ornstein 2009; Abdy 2013.
58
Bland and Loriot 2010, 84–9.
59
Abdy and Williams 2006; Moorhead 2009.
6.6. Conclusions
Recoinages
It is generally considered that the most salient feature of the Roman base metal and bronze coinage
in the late period – from the late third century to the end of the fourth – is the periodic pattern
of recoinages, involving the calling in of old lightweight, debased issues and their replacement
with new coins, generally heavier and or of better alloy. It is further assumed that the exchange
rate between the old and new coins was very unfavourable. In some cases these recoinages were
accompanied by régime change (e.g., 274 and 296), but not always (e.g., 317, 348 and 364).
Such a pattern cannot easily be detected in studying site finds or the stray finds recorded by PAS;
hoards, however, should provide evidence for it. In 6.2 (pp. 99–100) I summarised the main recoin-
ages in the 4th century. In 274, Aurelian’s reform of the coinage seems to have been accompanied
by the demonetisation of the old debased radiates of the Gallic Empire: this was not wholly success-
ful and in Britain at least the widespread unofficial striking of small copies of radiates, the so-called
‘barbarous radiates’, is thought to have been a reaction to the introduction of the new aureliani,
which circulated in Britain in much smaller number than the old coins (chapter 4).
In 296, the defeat of Allectus, who was still striking radiates, by Constantius, was accompanied by
the replacement of the radiate with the nummus which had recently been introduced in the rest of
the Empire. Traditionally this is thought to have marked a total break in the coinage and that the
new nummi completely replaced radiates. In fact, however, there are a few hoards of the first twenty
years after the reform that combine significant numbers of the old and new coins, although after
317 this seems to have stopped. However, small numbers of radiates remained in circulation in
Britain and thus available for hoarding to the very end of the fourth century. The recoinage of 317
also seems to have led to a systematic removal of the earlier issues.
In contrast, the recoinages of 348 and later, which were not accompanied by political change, had
a less clearcut effect on the circulation of nummi, as many hoards from that time onwards have
substantial numbers of the old and new coins.
Gold and silver
The precious-metal coins followed a different rhythm: by and large, their weight and fineness
changed very little during this period. We have seen how the reduction in weight of the siliqua in
c.357 seems to have been the occasion for a great increase in the production of these coins. So far
as we know, both the silver content of both miliarenses and siliquae remained high throughout the
period, and they did not suffer from the debasement that had plagued the silver coinage in the first
three centuries ad.60
Although the gold coinage appeared to remain completely stable once Constantine had introduced
the solidus in c.323, remaining at a weight of 4.4 g and a gold standard of 99 per cent pure for several
centuries, there was in fact a debasement in the 350s and early 360s, when the purity of the coinage
metal was debased by up to 5 per cent.61 In 367 Valentinian restored the fineness of the coinage to
99 per cent and advertised the fact by adding the letters OB (for obryziacum, ‘refined gold’). Like
the reduction in weight of the siliqua, this reform seems to have led to an increase in production
and I have noted elsewhere that the issues of 367–78 are present in high numbers in British finds.62
In pl. 23 we saw how gold and silver coins became an increasingly large component of that part of
the circulating currency that was hoarded from 364, so that after 402, when new supplies of nummi
cease to enter Britain, they become the chief element of hoards. It is interesting that this change
occurs exactly at the time when the nummus became a pure bronze coin and there was no longer
any silver added to the alloy. In chapters 3 and 4 we saw how for the first two and half centuries
the majority of hoards were of silver denarii and only a relatively small proportion of hoards were
60
The argenteus, the silver coin introduced by Diocletian in 294 and struck until c.310, also enjoyed a stable weight
(3.1 g) and fineness (92%). However, as we have seen, these coins hardly seem to have circulated in Britain.
61
Morrisson et al., 1985; Burnett 1987, 134−6.
62
of bronze coins (pl. 15 and 16). Base silver and bronze coins only dominate hoards after 260 when
the radiate coinage became so debased; and this continued into the first half of the fourth century.
So in a sense the greater number of gold and silver coins in hoards of 364 to the end of the fifth
century is really just restoring the normal status quo, where most hoards are stories of wealth and
predominantly composed of the more valuable coins.63
63
Of course there are always exceptions such as the Whittington hoard of 9 nummi (above, fig. 6.3 and table 6.12):
this may represent the contents of a purse.
CHAPTER 7
LATE ROMAN GOLD AND SILVER HOARDS

FROM BRITAIN AND BEYOND
7.1. Introduction
The most salient feature about late Roman precious-metal hoards from Britain is just how much
Britain stands out in the period between 364 and 408, especially as regards the silver hoards. The
coins issued during these years, siliquae and miliarenses, were struck at mints across the Empire and
occur as single finds throughout the Roman world,1 but hoarding them (or at least not recovering
hoards of them) seems to be a characteristic of Britain. There is no other period when the hoarding
pattern from Britain is so different from that of the rest of the Empire. There is an extraordinarily
rich concentration of hoards of silver coins of this period from Britain, including, most famously,
the great Hoxne hoard from Suffolk, which is by far the largest silver coin hoard of this period from
anywhere in the Roman Empire (pp. 113–17). Map 30 shows the distribution of all late Roman
precious-metal hoards from Britain.
In 1997 I published a paper which listed 419 gold and silver hoards of the period from 300 to 700
ad from across the Roman world and from beyond the frontiers in Scandinavia, Germany and to
the north of the Danube frontier.2 A summary by metal is shown in pl. 32.
There were 249 hoards of gold coins, 44 mixed hoards of gold and silver and 126 of silver coins. As
regards the gold hoards, Britain (the uppermost column) is well represented but does not particu-
larly stand out: there are 15 finds, compared with 164 from the rest of the Empire (central column)
and 70 from outside the Empire (bottom column). But if we look at the silver hoards the picture is
completely different: there are 73 hoards from Britain and only 25 from the rest of the Empire (and
another 28 from outside the Empire), while all the British finds (with the exception of the Patching
hoard: pl. 31) are concentrated in the fifty-year period between ad 360 and 408.3
7.2. Previous discussions of late Roman precious-metal coin hoards from

Britain
This phenomenon has been noted by numismatists since Mommsen,4 but he did not suggest any
reason for it, and no one since has offered a truly convincing explanation, as King noted over thirty
years ago: ‘It is not at all clear, for example, why Britain should be so rich in silver hoards datable
by their contents to approximately 380 to 410.’5 Evans suggested that there may be a link between
the hoards of siliquae and silver mines in Britain, and in support of this he cited a Roman lead
pig from Charterhouse in Mendip with the inscription EX ARG, denoting that the silver has been
extracted from the lead.6 This suggestion was also taken up by Sutherland.7 Twenty-seven lead pigs
1
For example, Bland 1997, table 3 on p. 41 (using data from Reece 1973), shows that siliquae circulated in Germany,
Gaul and northern Italy.
2
Bland 1997; see also Hobbs 2006.
3
These figures are seventeen years out of date and there are now 66 hoards with gold coins and 194 with silver (34
hoards have coins of both metals) from Britain – more than double the number known in 1997. However, there will
be more finds from the Continent as well and I doubt that the proportions will be very different.
4
Mommsen 1865−75, III, 133.
5
King 1981, 5.
6
Evans 1915, 500–1; RIB II.2404.4.
7
Sutherland 1937, 91.
inscribed EX ARG are known from Britain, suggesting that silver was mined by the Romans,8 but
the Charterhouse in Mendip specimen belongs to the reign of Vespasian and no pigs are known
later than Marcus Aurelius, or possibly Septimius Severus, suggesting that mining of lead stopped
around the end of the second century ad. Furthermore, the evidence from elsewhere in the Empire
does not suggest a clear link between mining areas and significant concentrations of hoards or
single finds of coins.9
In 1932 Mattingly commented: ‘Gold hoards are very scarce; the beautiful Corbridge find [no. 2698]
is the one notable exception in modern times. Silver hoards, on the other hand, are amazingly
common – the miliarensia and siliquae of the late fourth century are in fact scarcely found hoarded
except here. The reason for this curious phenomenon is worth searching out. We might guess that
Britain was on a silver, rather than a gold standard, that silver hoards represent the buried wealth
of the Roman-Britons and that the rapacity of the tax-collector may have been as much feared
as the fury of the barbarian invader. It is doubtful if the map of these hoards will finally show
much evidence for barbarian invasion as operative at all.’10 J. W. E. Pearce, the great expert on
the coinage of this period and author of RIC IX, published many hoards of siliquae and discussed
the structure of siliqua hoards and the problem of clipping,11 but never addressed the wider issue
of why silver hoards are so common in Britain. O’Neil provided another perceptive discussion of
Theodosian hoards from Britain, both bronze and precious-metal coins, and notes how common
hoards of siliquae are from Britain and how rare they are from the Continent, without suggesting
an explanation.12
In an influential paper on late Roman gold and silver coin hoards from Britain, Carson noted the
theory that ‘the frequency of late Roman silver coin hoards in Britain in comparison with the rela-
tive paucity of such hoards in other areas’ is due to ‘more thorough recording in this country’, but
he dismissed it: in support of this he cited three hoards of siliquae from France, Italy and Romania.13
Instead he suggested the reason for the large number of siliqua hoards from Britain in the late
fourth century was the scarcity of gold coins of that period, noting that ‘only four substantial
gold hoards are on record [from Britain], Bredgar (Claudius I), Corbridge I (Antoninus Pius), Water
Newton (Constantius II and Constans), and Corbridge II (Maximus)’.14 However, the many hoards
and single finds of gold coins of the second half of the fourth century ad from Britain published
by Bland and Loriot in 2010 mean that this explanation is no longer tenable: in fig. 7.1 we have
seen that late Roman gold hoards are proportionately as common from Britain as from elsewhere
in the Empire, and there are 57 hoards containing gold coins with terminal dates between ad 350
and 475,15 while fig. 7.6 shows that single finds of gold coins from Britain have a late fourth-century
peak that is only a little lower than that in the first century ad.
In his discussion of this phenomenon in the publication of the Hoxne Treasure, Peter Guest noted
‘the answer to the problem raised by the quantity of hoards from late Roman Britain containing gold
and silver objects must therefore lie in the peculiarities of the hoard record in Britain, rather than
in the circulation patterns of precious metals [citing Bland 1997]. If this is right, the question arises
whether the unusual nature of the pattern in Britain is a consequence either of a greater frequency
of the burial of hoards there than on the Continent, or a lower frequency of retrieval. The answer
8
RIB II catalogues 70 inscribed lead pigs from Britain (2404.1–72). Of these, 23 originate from the Mendip mines,
3 from south Welsh mines, 3 from mines in Shropshire/Powys, 8 from Flintshire mines, 22 from Derbyshire mines,
4 from Yorkshire mines and 7 from other sources. Thirty-five have emperors’ names and these include Claudius I
(2), Nero (1), Vespasian (15), Nerva (1), Trajan (1), Hadrian (8), Antoninus Pius (3) and Marcus Aurelius (4). 27 are
inscribed EX ARG indicating that silver was being extracted from the lead.
9
Collingwood 1922, 82–3, also commented on the frequency of silver hoards from Britain of this period, noting that
the latest coins are on Constantine III (407–11), while on the Continent later issues are found; he did not, however,
suggest a reason.
10
Mattingly 1932, 95.
11
For example, Pearce 1933.
12
O’Neil 1933.
13
Carson 1976.
14
Carson 1976, 79.
15
LATE ROMAN GOLD AND SILVER HOARDS FROM BRITAIN AND BEYOND 123
seems to be that it is a combination of both: more hoards were originally buried in Britain and, as a
consequence, more were left the ground’.16 In conclusion Guest asked ‘is it possible that in Britain
hoards were buried without the intention of ever recovering them?’17 Other recent commentators
on coin circulation and hoarding in Britain have not directly addressed this question.18
This phenomenon has been largely ignored by historians who have written general accounts of
Roman Britain,19 including those who have written accounts of the end of the province.20 However,
some recent accounts pay greater attention to hoarding in this period: for example, Millett had a
brief discussion of late Roman hoards of plate and jewellery and suggests ‘their burial more likely
continues the earlier habit of burying rich objects for ritual purposes’,21 and Hobbs and Jackson’s
account of Roman Britain, which uses the British Museum’s collections as a starting point, discussed
many individual hoards.22 They noted: ‘The hoards indicate that a point was reached when it was
no longer deemed wise to keep hold of these objects, as being caught with them was potentially
dangerous. All these hoards were buried, probably for later recovery, although in some cases there
may have been a religious motive – the placing of material under ‘divine’ protection or ‘gifting’ to
the gods in the hope of salvation. The increasing vulnerability of the province to ‘barbarian’ attack
was no doubt a factor, but we should also consider the possibility of internal strife, which made the
wealthy feel insecure, particularly as the military presence significantly declined after the time of
Constantine III (ad 407–11).’23
Esmonde Cleary’s 1989 treatment of late Roman Britain included a detailed discussion of coin
circulation and hoarding in the fourth and early fifth centuries.24 He was aware of the dispropor-
tionate numbers of silver hoards from Britain, but did not suggest any reasons for this phenom-
enon. 25 Similarly in his treatment of late Roman Britain, de la Bédoyère had a chapter entitled
‘Treasure hoards and the end’ which contained this explanation for late Roman treasure hoards:
‘Hoarding by burial was the standard practical method of protecting valuables in the pre-modern
world. Although it increased during periods of uncertainty, hoarding occurred at all times and in all
places. Gold and silver provided the best medium for storing a large amount of wealth in a portable
form. In the normal course of events hoards were recovered in order to redisplay plate, and pay taxes
and other debts. The residue may then have been rehoarded, and perhaps added to, recovered and
so on. All that remain are the caches which at some point in the cycle were lost, forgotten about,
or whose owners were prevented from recovering them. Individual high-value items normally
only enter the archaeological record through casual loss, and for obvious reasons this was (and is)
extremely rare. As a result hoards are the most important source of surviving ancient treasure.’26
Noting the large number of silver hoards of this period, de la Bédoyère commented: ‘The prefer-
ence for silver in Britain may have been traditional and might explain Carausius’ enthusiasm a
century earlier for producing pure silver coinage.’27 In the most recent scholarly account of Roman
Britain David Mattingly noted: ‘The distribution of c.100 late Roman coin hoards found in Britain
is revealing of massive failure of elite groups in eastern England to retrieve their stored wealth.’28
16
Guest 2005, 30–1.
17
See also his discussion of this phenomenon in Guest 1997.
18
Casey 1980; Reece 1987 and 2002; Abdy 2002.
19
For example, Collingwood and Myres 1936; Richmond 1963; Frere 1967, 1978 and 1991; Scullard 1979; Salway
1981 and 1993; Wacher 1978; Todd 1981.
20
For example, Johnson 1980; Faulkner 2000; Dark 2000 (who discusses the end of coin circulation after 400 (pp.
54–5), but not hoarding as such).
21
Millett 1995, 120. For a more extended discussion of this theme by the same author see Millett 1994.
22
Hobbs and Jackson 2010.
23
Hobbs and Jackson 2010, 154.
24
Esmonde Cleary 1989, 91–9, 138–40.
25
Esmonde Cleary 2013, a general account of the western provinces in the late Empire, has a detailed treatment of
hoarding in the third century, but does not discuss the late fourth- and fifth-century hoards.
26
de la Bédoyère 1999, 153–64, esp. p. 153.
27
de la Bédoyère 1999, 160; see also de la Bédoyère 2006, 258–9; Moorhead and Stuttard 2012, 242.
28
Mattingly 2006, 538.
One explanation that has been suggested by the current author is that there was a tradition in
Britain of saving and hoarding silver coins,29 and this was adopted, probably independently, by de
la Bédoyère and also by Guest, who cites Bland 1997.30 However, that begs as many questions as
it answers and it is worth considering the distribution of other silver artefacts of this period to see
whether that offers any insights into the pattern of the coin hoards.
7.3. Late Roman silver plate, ingots and brooches
Plate
Late Roman silver plate was manufactured and used throughout the Empire, and in 2006 Hobbs
recorded 46 hoards of the fourth and fifth centuries that contained silver plate and other objects
but excluded coins, while a further 28 hoards combined silver coins with precious-metal objects.31
A good summary of recent work on the subject is to be found in a volume arising from a conference
on the Traprain law treasure of hacksilber.32
Ingots
Silver ingots, in the shape of a double-axe, were made from around ad 300 to the early fifth cen-
tury.33 They bear makers’ stamps as a guarantee of purity (figs. 7.1 and 7.2). We know that from
the accession of Julian in 361, and very likely earlier, each legionary soldier received a donative on
the accession of a new emperor of five gold solidi and a pound of silver and these ingots, which
typically weigh a pound, almost certainly represent such donatives.34 One would, therefore, expect
these ingots to be found where soldiers are based.
Brooches
Another artefact type which also shows a similar distribution are late Roman crossbow brooches
(fig. 7.3). These have been studied by Swift, who concludes that they were worn by the military
and imperial officials.35 The brooches are concentrated along the Rhine and Danube frontiers with
Fig. 7.1 and 7.2. Fourth-century silver ingots from Britain (left: Tower of London, no. 3026; right: Ballinrees (Cole-
raine) hoard, no. 3035) (British Museum)
29
Bland 1997, 39–42.
30
de la Bédoyère 1999, 160; Guest 2005, 30–1.
31
Hobbs 2006.
32
Hunter and Painter 2013. See particularly Barratte 2013 for a useful overview of silver plate and Guggisberg 2013 for
a discussion of silver and donatives. For the Kaiseraugst hoard see Cahn and Kaufmann-Heinemann 1984 and Rütti
and Aitken 2003.
33
See Weigels 2003 for a corpus of silver ingots: he catalogued 82 examples from 25 hoards.
34
Hendy 1985, 177.
35
Swift 2000.
a scattering across Britain and northern Gaul

with almost no examples in southern Gaul or
the Mediterranean provinces (fig. 7.5).
Distribution
The distribution of hoards containing silver plate
and silver ingots is summarized in Table 7.1 and
the chart in pl. 33 and mapped in fig. 7.4. With
very few exceptions, ingots are found along the
frontiers of the western Empire. In fact their dis-
tribution is clearly closely tied to the presence
of the military (with a few examples that passed
beyond the frontier into Ireland and Germany
– perhaps these were paid to the laeti, federate
troops recruited from peoples outside the Empire
in the late fourth century, who subsequently
took them home).36 Hoards containing silver
Fig. 7.3. Fourth-century crossbow brooch from near plate are slightly more widespread than ingots
Lichfield, Staffordshire (PAS database WMID-6C6B01) or hoards of silver coins, as there are five finds
from Italy and four from north Africa, but they
too show a strong bias to Britain and the Rhine
and Danube frontiers.
If we look at the hoards from outside Britain that contain silver coins, there are eighty in all, half
from within the Empire and half from without. These too have a concentration along the Rhine
and Danube frontiers of the Roman Empire, in Germany to the east of the Rhine and to the north of
the Danube frontier. The similarities between the distribution of crossbow brooches and of hoards
of silver coins and finds of ingots is striking, except for the fact that the brooches are not so con-
centrated in Britain and are more heavily concentrated along the frontier. Hoards of plate also
occur in Britain in some quantity and along the Rhine and Danube frontiers, but in contrast to the
ingots and crossbow brooches, they are also found in the Mediterranean provinces of Spain, Africa
and Italy. Guggisberg has shown very clearly how many categories of late Roman precious-metal
artefacts – Fidelity rings, Kaiserfibeln, gold medallions, silver vessels, ingots and so on were made by
the Emperor for use as donatives and given both to recipients within the Empire and also to peoples
beyond the frontier.37
The concentration of finds of silver ingots and other artefacts such as crossbow brooches and, to a
lesser extent, of silver plate in the frontier provinces of the western Roman provinces, might suggest
that the large numbers of late fourth-century hoards of silver coins in Britain reflect the substantial
military presence in the province. However, Britain does not have the same preponderance of finds
of these other artefacts as it has of hoards of siliquae.
In addition, it needs to be borne in mind that the army stationed in Britain in the late fourth century
was much smaller than that of the first and second centuries ad. The latest estimate of the number
of troops in Britain in the late fourth century, based on the information in the Notitia Dignitatum, is
that there were 5,000–6,000 comitatenses and no more than 12,500 limitanei;38 this compares with a
strength of 50,000 soldiers two centuries earlier.39 So perhaps we should look for an explanation in
the tradition of hoarding silver in Britain, although I do not find this totally satisfactory.
36
For another example of possible payments to laeti which occur outside the Empire (gold uniface medallions of the
Constantinian period) see Bland 2012b.
37
Guggisberg 2013.
38
Mattingly 2006, 238–9.
39
James 1984, followed by Esmonde Cleary 1989, 61–2 suggests a smaller number: no more than 12,000 men. Of
course the same shrinkage in the size of the army would have occurred along the Rhine and Danube frontiers.
126
Fig. 7.4. Hoards of late Roman silver coins (c.330–700; plus signs), silver plate (dots) and silver ingots (triangles) (map by Dan Pett)
TABLE 7.1. Summary of finds of Roman silver plate and ingots

Outside the Empire
Ingots Plate
Ireland 2 2
Denmark 1 1
Germany – 1
Poland – 1
Romania – 6
Russia/Ukraine – 2
Within the Empire

Britain 8 12
France 2 4
Belgium 1 0
Netherlands 2 1
Germany 1 1
Switzerland 1 1
Austria (?) 1 –
Hungary – 2
Slovenia 1 –
Serbia 2 2
Bulgaria 2 –
Italy 1 5
North Africa – 4
Turkey – 2
Fig. 7.5. Distribution of late Roman crossbow brooches (Swift 2000, 28)
Fig. 7.6. Single finds of Roman gold coins in Britain (coins per annum) (Bland and Loriot 2010).
7.4. Conclusions
In this period, as in the third century ad, Britain has a great concentration of hoards, while the
pattern of hoarding stands out from that found in the rest of the Empire. We still have no wholly
satisfactory explanations for the great concentration of hoards of radiates of 274−96 (chapter 5) or
of silver coins of c.357–c.408, but it is clear that Britain does have an exceptionally rich heritage
of hoards. In 1937 Sutherland was able to list 493 hoards of Roman coins from Britain;40 in this
volume, we are able to include 3,070 hoards with Roman coins and a further 355 hoards that just
have Iron Age coins.
40
Sutherland 1937, 154−68.
CHECKLIST OF HOARDS
Scope
The checklist includes all hoards of Iron Age and Roman coins (down to the early Byzantine period)
from England and Wales catalogued by the Iron Age and Roman Coin Hoard (IARCH) project: these
include all finds reported to the end of 2014. This checklist also includes the following finds, which
were not included in the IARCH project:
(a) Hoards reported in 2015 (79);
(b) Hoards from Scotland (79),
(c) Ireland, the Republic (6) and Northern Ireland (4);
(d) and the Channel Islands (3). Note: Iron Age coin hoards from the Channel Islands, including
the Catillon II hoard, are not included.
Arrangement
The hoards are numbered 1–3424 and arranged chronologically by date of the latest coin, arranged
in Reece periods (see Table 1), which are shown as headings. bc and ad dates are added in Period 1,
but thereafter all dates are ad.
Hoards that can only be dated by ruler rather than the date of the issue are placed at the end of the
relevant reign.
Hoards with the same terminal date, are arranged (a) by country, (b) by county and (c) by location.
Hoard nos. 3042–3424 cannot be dated by their latest coin.
Some hoards that can be dated to broader periods than a single Reece period (eg hoards of Antonine,
radiates or Constantinian coins) are listed at the end of the latest Reece period to which they can
belong.
The checklist is divided into four sections:
(a) Iron and Roman hoards to ad 192;
(b) Hoards of ad 193–296;
(c) Hoards of ad 296–c.600;
(d) Hoards whose latest coins cannot be closely dated.
The other information recorded is as follows:
Location: normally the parish; other names by which the hoard has been known are also included,
followed by the county.
County:
(a) unitary authorities have been dealt with as follows: those carved out of shire counties
(Blackburn, Blackpool, Bournemouth, Brighton, Derby, Hull, Leicester, Medway, Milton
Keynes, Peterborough, Plymouth, Poole, Portsmouth, Southampton, Southend, Stoke on Trent,
Swindon, Telford, Thurrock and Torbay) have been included with their former counties.
(b) Bedfordshire, Berkshire and Cheshire, all of which are now subdivided into unitaries, are
retained as counties.
(c) Metropolitan unitaries have been brought together under Greater Manchester, Merseyside,
South and West Yorkshire, Teesside, Tyne and Wear, West Midlands.
(d) However, Bristol, Bath and North East Somerset, Gloucestershire South, Somerset North appear
separately rather than under `Avon’. Lincolnshire, North and North East also appear separately
after Lincolnshire.
(e) For Scotland and Wales the current local authorities are followed.
Ruler: the latest ruler to be represented in the hoard.
Latest coin: the date of the latest coin in the hoard.
Reason: the basis on which the latest coin in the hoard can be dated. This can be:
(a) The date of issue of the latest coin (i.e., we know the type of the coin);
(b) the ruler;
(c) or the hoard is incomplete.
Other categories are:
(d) an accumulation of coins, which may not be a hoard;
(e) the latest coins are contemporary imitations;
(f) the coins are in poor cond(ition);
(g) the terminal date is unc(ertain)/disputed or
(h) unverified.
Qlty: a rating of the quality of the hoard publication adopted by the IARCH project.
1. Poor (simplistic statement of some details of hoard, e.g. report lists ‘a pot of gold coins’).
2. Fair (contents poorly recorded, i.e. in summary or only a portion recorded in full).
3. Good (list of coins is complete but catalogue falls below modern standard, i.e. does not allow
current standard references to be assigned, or without illustrations / images).
4. Excellent (full catalogue of coins with appropriate images).
Reference: first, the reference to the record of the hoard on the project database, available at: http://
finds.org.uk/database/hoards, followed by a published reference, if available. Principal references
are:
de J: de Jersey 2015.
Rob.: Robertson 2000.
B&L. Bland and Loriot 2010.
CHRB: Coin Hoards from Roman Britain, 13 vols.
G&W: Guest and Wells 2007.
Penhallurick: Penhallurick 2009.
HER: the county Historic Environment Record, available online via www.heritagegateway.org.
uk.
Pastscape: Historic England’s National Record of the Historic Environment, see: www.Pastscape.
org.
RCS 1: Macdonald, G., ‘Roman coins found in Scotland’, PSAS 52 (1917–18), 203–76.
RCS 2: Macdonald, G., ‘Roman coins found in Scotland II’, PSAS 58 (1923–24), 325–9.
RCS 3: Macdonald, G., ‘Roman coins found in Scotland (III), including a hoard from Falkirk’,
PSAS 68 (1933–34) 27–40.
RCS 4: Macdonald, G., ‘Roman coins found in Scotland’ in ‘Miscellanea Caledonica II’, PSAS
73 (1938–39), 241–72.
RCS 5: Robertson, A.S., ‘Roman coins found in Scotland’, PSAS 84 (1949–50), 137–69.
RCS 6: Robertson, A.S., ‘Roman coins found in Scotland, 1951–60’, PSAS 94 (1960–61), 133–83.
RCS 7: Robertson, A.S., ‘Roman coins found in Scotland, 1961–70’, PSAS 103 (1970–71), 113–68.
RCS 8: Robertson, A.S., ‘Roman coins found in Scotland, 1971–82’, PSAS 113 (1983), 405–48.
RCS 9: Bateson, J.D., ‘Roman and medieval coins found in Scotland, to 1987’, PSAS 119 (1989),
165–88.
RCS 10: Bateson, J.D. and Holmes, N.M.McQ., ‘Roman and medieval coins found in Scotland,
1988–95’, PSAS 127 (1997), 527–61.
1996–2000’, PSAS 133 (2003), 245–76.
CHECKLIST OF HOARDS 131
2001–2005’, PSAS 136 (2006), 161–98.
Summaries of hoards published annually in NC 1996–2011 and in BNJ 2012–17.
For other references see bibliography.
I A Coins; Tot IA: the number of Iron Age coins in gold, silver, bronze and uncertain metal and the
total.
Rom AV; Rom rad; Rom Den; Rom AE; Rom AE2; Others; All coins: the number of Roman coins in gold,
silver (radiates and denarii), bronze (sestertii and AE2 dupondii or asses), others (e.g., Alexandrian
coins) and the total of all coins. The column for radiates is omitted from Table 1; the columns for
Iron Age coins are omitted from Tables 2–4, for Table 3 there are just columns for gold, silver and
bronze coins, while for Table 4, just for the total number of coins in the hoard.
Objects.: the number of objects other than coins in the hoard.
Containers: the number of hoard containers.
Method and date of discovery: the method and date of discovery. The following categories are given:
(a) Agric.: agricultural work (411 hoards).
(b) Arch.: archaeological investigation (555).
(c) Building: building work (275).
(d) Fieldwalking (8).
(e) Gardening (50).
(f) MD: metal detecting (1,010).
(g) MD/arch: metal detecting as part of an archaeological investigation (14).
(h) Other: other chance find (329).
(i) Unknown (1,073).
The date of discovery is the date of first discovery, or first record, of the find.
TABLE 1. Reece periods

Reece Period Date range
1 Iron Age–ad 41
2 ad 41–54
3 ad 54–68
4 ad 69–96
5 ad 96–117
6 ad 117–138
7 ad 138–161
8 ad 161–180
9 ad 180–193
10 ad 193–222
11 ad 222–238
12 ad 238–260
13 ad 260–275
14 ad 275–296
15 ad 296–317
16 ad 317–330
17 ad 330–348
18 ad 348–364
19 ad 364–378
20 ad 378–388
21 ad 388–402
22 ad 402–445
23 ad 445–498
Table 2. Iron Age to AD 192 132
No. Location Ruler Latest Reason Reference IA coins Rom Rom Rom Others All Objects Con- Method and
coin and Qlty AV Den AE coins tainers date of
discovery
Period 1. c.200 bc – ad 41
1 Pontefract 1771, Hieron II 270–215 bc Issue; (2) IARCH-47670B; ? ? Agric, 1771
West Yorks Rob. 1883
2 Linwood, Lincs Monnaies 200–118 bc Issue; (3) LIN-67DD94; 2 AR 2 MD, 2015
à la croix BNJ 2016, 1
3 Gurnard 1984, Uninscribed 200–100 bc Issue; (3) IARCH-2C9441; 3 AV 3 MD, 1984
Isle of Wight de J 129
4 Shoreham, Kent Gallo–Belgic 200–80 bc Issue; (3) IARCH-31E8F7; 2 AV 2 MD, 1991
de J 150
5 Henley on Gallo–Belgic 200–80 bc Issue; (2) IARCH-254294; 3 AV 3 MD, 1992
Thames 1992, de J 217
Oxon
6 Haddiscoe 1930, Potin 200–50 bc Incomplete; IARCH-9DCAFF; ? qty. ? Unknown,
Norfolk (1) de J 184 1930
7 Stansted Gallo–Belgic 175–125 bc Issue; (4) IARCH-62EAED; 4 AV 4 MD, 2011
Mountfitchet, BNJ 2013, 1
Essex
8 Alkham, Kent Potin 175–125 bc Incomplete; BM-AACEAA; 189 AE 189 Arch, 2015
(2) BNJ 2017
9 Folkestone II, Potin 175–70 bc Issue; (3) IARCH-7CE5FA; 67 AE 67 MD, 1979
Kent de J 142
10 Corringham, Potin 175–70 bc Incomplete; IARCH-95E1ED; 2,150 AE 2,150 MD, 1987
Essex (2) de J 68
11 Uncertain Gallo–Belgic 175–70 bc Incomplete; de J 307 2 AV 2 Unknown,
(‘Norton’), (2) 1718
East Anglia?
12 Brentford 1976, Potin 175–70 bc Incomplete; IARCH-D0D578; 25 AE 25 1 MD, 1976
Greater London (2) de J 76
13 Dolphinholme, Republic 131–64 bc Issue; (3) IARCH-BF5238; 3 3 MD, 2014
Lancs BNJ 2015, 1
14 Northwood Republic 114–113 bc Issue; (4) IARCH-55213E; 2 2 MD, 2012
2012, Isle of BNJ 2013, 2
Wight
15 Netherurd, Gallo–Belgic 100–80 bc Incomplete; de J 304 2 AV 2 Other, 1806
Scottish Borders (2)
16 Paul 1907, Uninscribed 100–1 bc Issue; (3) IARCH-96220F; 43 AR 43 Agric, 1907
Cornwall de J 26
17 Penzance 1888, Uncertain 100–1 bc Incomplete; IARCH-46CD88; 8 AE 8 Unknown,
Cornwall (1) de J 27 1888
18 Lyminge, Kent Potin 90 bc Issue; (4) IARCH-F7EFAE; 27 AE 1 28 MD, 2010
BNJ 2013, 7
19 Cransford, Republic 85 bc Issue; (3) IARCH-690441; 5 5 MD, 2002
Suffolk TAR 2002, 188
20 Stokenchurch, Republic 83–82 bc Issue; (4) IARCH-6825C0; 2 2 MD, 2011
Bucks BNJ 2012, 9
21 Shefford 1889, Gallo–Belgic 80–60 bc Issue; (3) IARCH-F50B57; 2 AV 2 Unknown,
Beds de J 2 1889
22 Carn Brea IV, Gallo–Belgic 80–60 bc Incomplete; IARCH-DB722C; 22 AV 22 Unknown,
23 Tarrant Uninscribed 80–60 bc Issue; (4) IARCH-5F3CF4; 20 AV 20 MD, 2001
Launceston de J 45;
2001, Dorset BNJ 2013, 3
24 Okeford Uninscribed 80–60 bc Incomplete; IARCH-2E8B70; 75 AR 75 Agric, 1753
Fitzpaine, Dorset (1) de J 40
25 St Lawrence Uninscribed 80–60 bc Incomplete; IARCH-834A18; 3 AV 3 Unknown,
Bay, Essex (2) de J 66 1996
26 Great Baddow, Uninscribed 80–60 bc Issue; (3) IARCH-F367CE; 4 AV 4 MD, 1982
Essex de J 57
27 Chessington, Gallo–Belgic 80–60 bc Issue; (3) IARCH-5DBDE9; 6 AV 6 MD, 1998
Greater London de J 77
28 Wickham, Uninscribed 80–60 bc Incomplete; IARCH-C0AA0E; 12 MD, 2001
Hants (2) de J 116 12 AV
29 Vernham Dean, Uninscribed 80–60 bc Issue; (3) IARCH-BF84EE; 4 AV 4 MD, 2005
Hants de J 114
30 Twyford, Hants Uninscribed 80–60 bc Incomplete; IARCH-18B612; 3 AV 3 MD, 1993
(2) de J 112
31 Titchfield Uninscribed 80–60 bc Issue; (3) IARCH-676529; 2 AV 2 MD, 2006
Common de J 96
(Fareham), Hants
32 Minstead Uninscribed 80–60 bc Issue; (3) IARCH-81929C; 119 AV 119 MD, 1976
(Ringwood I), de J 108
Hants
33 Horndean 2015, Uninscribed 80–60 bc Incomplete; HAMP–15E64A; 2 AV 2 MD, 2015
Hants (3) BNJ 2017
34 Fawley I, Hants Uninscribed 80–60 bc Issue; (2) IARCH-FBF436; 2 AV 2 MD, 1989
de J 97
35 Ellingham, Uninscribed 80–60 bc Issue; (4) IARCH-1DCC70; 45 AV 45 MD, 1979
Harbridge and de J 109
Ibsley (Ringwood
II), Hants
36 Denny Lodge Uninscribed 80–60 bc Issue; (3) IARCH-F27475; 19 AV 19 MD, 1987
(Ashurst), Hants de J 89
CHECKLIST OF HOARDS
37 Butser Uninscribed 80–60 bc Incomplete; IARCH-44E854; 10 AV 10 MD, 1992

(Clanfield), Hants (2) de J 93
38 Barton on Sea Uninscribed 80–60 bc Incomplete; IARCH-2AD72C; 19 AV; 3 AR 22 Other, 1968
(New Milton), (2) de J 90
Hants
133
Table 2. Cont. 134
discovery
39 Yarmouth 1867, Uninscribed 80–60 bc Incomplete; IARCH-8C7D41; 8 AV 8 Unknown,

Isle of Wight (3) de J 133 1867
40 Shalfleet 2009, Uninscribed 80–60 bc Issue; (4) IARCH-563B74; 1 AV 1 10 MD, 2009
41 Woolage Gallo–Belgic 80–60 bc Issue; (2) IARCH-7F06E2; 2 AV 2 MD, 1999
(Womenswold), de J 156
Kent
42 Westerham I, Uninscribed 80–60 bc Issue; (4) IARCH-25235C; 14 AV 14 1 Other, 1927
Kent de J 153
43 Waltham, Kent Gallo–Belgic 80–60 bc Issue; (4) KENT–C793E3; 3 AV 3 MD, 2015
BNJ 2016, 8
44 Higham, Kent Uninscribed 80–60 bc Issue; (4) IARCH-B9ED48; 11 AV 11 1 Building, 1911
de J 144
45 Canterbury 2009, Gallo–Belgic 80–60 bc Issue; (3) IARCH-FCF129; 3 AV 3 MD, 2009
Kent de J 137
46 Snettisham N, Gallo–Belgic 80–60 bc Issue; (3) IARCH-5B6A7C; 8 AV 8 Arch, 1991
Norfolk de J 196.5
47 Snettisham E, Uninscribed 80–60 bc Issue; (4) IARCH-186FC8; 1 AV 1 3 Agric, 1950
Norfolk de J 196.3
48 Snettisham B, Gallo–Belgic 80–60 bc Issue; (3) IARCH-B86322; 12 AV 12 50 1 Agric, 1948
Norfolk de J 196.1
49 Ingoldisthorpe, Uninscribed 80–60 bc Issue; (3) IARCH-BD63EC; 2 AV 2 MD, 1988
Norfolk de J 187
50 Milton under Uninscribed 80–60 bc Issue; (4) IARCH-6821E1; 5 AV 5 MD, 2013
Wychwood,
Oxon
51 Haverhill, Gallo–Belgic 80–60 bc Incomplete; IARCH-5DD3A4; 50 AV 50 1 Agric, 1787
Suffolk (1) Rob. 1677A; de J
231; B&L 552
52 Chute III, Wilts Uninscribed 80–60 bc Incomplete; IARCH-EDD662; 96 AV 96 MD, 1994
(4) de J 277
53 Chute II, Wilts Uninscribed 80–60 bc Issue; (4) IARCH-C0AB9A; 55 AV 55 MD, 1986
de J 277
54 Chute I, Wilts Uninscribed 80–60 bc Issue; (3) IARCH-23211D; 65 AV 65 1 Other, 1927
de J 277
55 Great Dunmow Uninscribed 80–50 bc Issue; (2) IARCH-953EFE; 118 AV 118 MD, 1996
or Great Waltham, de J 58
Essex
56 Fawley III, Hants Uninscribed 80–50 bc Issue; (2) IARCH-F7264E; 2 AV 2 MD, 2006
de J 99
57 Takeley, Essex Potin 70–50 bc Issue; (4) IARCH-529DD6; 51 AE 51 Arch, 1987
de J 67
58 Brentford 1860, Potin 70–50 bc Incomplete; IARCH-7861ED; 266 AE 266 Unknown,
Greater London (2) de J 75 1860
59 Brentford 2008, Potin 70–50 bc Issue; (4) IARCH-111EF7; 17 AE 17 MD, 2008
Greater London de J 74; BNJ
2013, 5
60 Gunnersbury, Potin 70–50 bc Issue; (3) IARCH-987212; 12 AE 12 1 Unknown,
South Acton, de J 78 1930
Greater London
61 Hammersmith Potin 70–50 bc Issue; (3) IARCH-903374; 2 AE 2 MD, 1980
(Ravenscourt de J 80
Park), Greater
London
62 Hammersmith 2, Potin 70–50 bc Incomplete; IARCH-4B3726; 7 AE 7 Unknown,
Greater London (2) de J 79 1916
63 Keston Roman Potin 70–50 bc Issue; (3) IARCH-96BbcF; 4 AE 4 80 Arch, 1978
villa, Bromley,
Greater London
64 Kingston upon Potin 70–50 bc Issue; (2) IARCH-212ECF; 8 AE 8 Unknown,
Thames 1974, de J 81 1974
Greater London
65 New Addington, Potin 70–50 bc Incomplete; IARCH-E444D3; 16 AE 16 2 MD, 1978
Fieldway, (2) de J 247
Greater London
66 Putney, Greater Potin 70–50 bc Issue; (4) IARCH-FF3E9D; 12 AE 12 2 MD, 2010
London BNJ 2013, 6
67 St James Park, Potin 70–50 bc Incomplete; IARCH-5DB7CD; 17 AE 17 Agric, 1827
Greater London (2) de J 83
68 Wandsworth Potin 70–50 bc Incomplete; IARCH-890F71; 28 AE 28 MD, 1976
(Thamesfield), (2) de J 85
Greater London
69 Birchington, Potin 70–50 bc Incomplete; IARCH-38DDE0; 509 AE 509 1 Gardening,
Kent (2) de J 134 1853
70 Boxley, Kent Potin 70–50 bc Issue; (4) IARCH-7C7DDD; 19 AE 19 MD, 1980
de J 136
71 Broadstairs and Potin 70–50 bc Issue; (4) IARCH-72903F; 62 AE 62 Arch, 1997
St Peters (North de J 147
Foreland), Kent
72 Lenham Heath, Potin 70–50 bc Incomplete; IARCH-E2C094; 4 AE 4 Unknown,
Kent (2) de J 146 1781
73 Thurnham, Kent Potin 70–50 bc Issue; (3) IARCH-6B27AF; 495 AE 495 1 MD, 2003
de J 152
74 Snettisham C, Potin 70–50 bc Issue; (4) IARCH-61213F; 155 AE 155 Agric, 1948
Norfolk de J 196.2
CHECKLIST OF HOARDS
75 Bardwell, Suffolk Potin 70–50 bc Incomplete; IARCH-97F1AC; 3 AE 3 Unknown,

(2) de J 224 1890
76 Hascombe, Surrey Potin 70–50 bc Issue; (2) IARCH-CD9D97; 3 AE 3 1 Arch, 1977
de J 246
135
Table 2. Cont. 136
discovery
77 Laleham and Potin 70–50 bc Issue; (3) IARCH-C69928; 369 AE 369 1 3 Building, 1950
Shepperton de J 84
(Sunbury on
Thames),
Surrey
78 Southease, Gallo–Belgic 70–50 bc Issue; (4) IARCH-349B73; 4 AV 4 MD, 2004
East Sussex de J 256; BNJ 2013, 10
79 Clapham, Beds Gallo–Belgic 60–50 bc Issue; (4) IARCH-AAA732; 2 AV 2 MD, 1987
de J 1
80 Basildon, Berks Gallo–Belgic 60–50 bc Issue; (3) BERK-A92065; 3 AV 3 MD, 2015
BNJ 2016, 6
81 Bury, Cambs Gallo–Belgic 60–50 bc Issue; (4) IARCH-621438; 6 AV 6 MD, 1986
de J 12
82 Orwell, Cambs Gallo–Belgic 60–50 bc Incomplete; IARCH-562BE0; 6 AV 6 MD, 1990
(2) de J 21
83 Blandford Gallo–Belgic 60–50 bc Incomplete; IARCH-4F48C9; 2 AV 2 Unknown,
Forum, Dorset (1) de J 32 1892
84 Birch (South of Gallo–Belgic 60–50 bc Issue; (4) IARCH-93E54B; 12 AV 12 MD, 2013
Colchester), BNJ 2016, 5
Essex
85 Burnham on Gallo–Belgic 60–50 bc Issue; (3) IARCH-AD9C2D; 2 AV 2 Gardening,
Crouch, Essex 1984
86 Clacton I, Essex Gallo–Belgic 60–50 bc Incomplete; IARCH-401F52; 128 AV 128 Unknown,
(2) de J 51 1898
87 Great Bromley Gallo–Belgic 60–50 bc Issue; (4) IARCH-67C78D; 23 AV 23 MD, 2013
(South of PAS–C9BA0A;
Colchester), BNJ 2015, 2;
Essex BNJ 2017
88 Great Leighs Gallo–Belgic 60–50 bc Incomplete; IARCH-CA8836; 40 AV 40 MD, 1997
(Little Waltham), (2) de J 58
Essex
89 Layer de la Haye Gallo–Belgic 60–50 bc Issue; (3) ESS-FFEF3A; 8 AV 8 MD, 2013
(South of BNJ 2016, 12
Colchester),
Essex
90 West Bergholt Gallo–Belgic 60–50 bc Issue; (2) IARCH-ED2DD0; 2 AV 2 MD, 1992
1992, Essex
91 West Mersea, Gallo–Belgic 60–50 bc Incomplete; IARCH-826158; 4 AV 4 MD, 1995
Essex (2) de J 71
92 Southend on Sea Gallo–Belgic 60–50 bc Issue; (3) IARCH-D1F78E; 33 AV 33 1 MD, 1985
(St Luke’s), Essex, Southend de J 65
93 Putney Gallo–Belgic 60–50 bc Issue; (3) IARCH-DB3627; 2 AV 2 MD, 1977
(Thamesfield), de J 82
Greater London
94 Kimpton Gallo–Belgic 60–50 bc Issue; (4) IARCH-E2BFA1; 16 AV 16 MD, 1995
(Andover II), de J 88
Hants
95 Whitchurch I, Gallo–Belgic 60–50 bc Issue; (4) IARCH-5C43F7; 84 AV 84 MD, 1987
Hants de J 115
96 Whitchurch II, Gallo–Belgic 60–50 bc Issue; (4) IARCH-5771F1; 58 AV 58 MD, 1987
Hants de J 115
97 Whitchurch III, Gallo–Belgic 60–50 bc Issue; (4) IARCH-E94C83; 7 AV 7 MD, 1988
Hants de J 115
98 Watford, Herts Gallo–Belgic 60–50 bc Incomplete; IARCH-EA88CA ? MD, 1990
(1)
99 Chartham, Kent Gallo–Belgic 60–50 bc Issue; (4) IARCH-90B39B; 25 AV 25 MD, 1999
de J 138; BNJ 2013,
4; BNJ 2016, 3
100 Folkestone I, Gallo–Belgic 60–50 bc Incomplete; IARCH-E48348; 11 AV 11 2 Other, 1838
Kent (2) de J 141
101 Ryarsh, Kent Gallo–Belgic 60–50 bc Incomplete; IARCH-C8C23C; 8 AV 8 Unknown,
(2) de J 148 1860
102 Peatling Magna Gallo–Belgic 60–50 bc Issue; (4) IARCH-3199C7; 10 AV 10 MD, 2010
(South Leics), de J 158
Leics
103 Bonby, North Gallo–Belgic 60–50 bc Incomplete; IARCH-63D626; 20 AV 20 MD, 1987
Lincs (2) de J 159
104 Grimsby (Park), Gallo–Belgic 60–50 bc Issue; (2) IARCH-AC4DD3; 6 AV 6 Agric, 1954
North East Lincs de J 160
105 Buxton with Gallo–Belgic 60–50 bc Issue; (4) IARCH-B17DEA; 17 AV 17 MD, 1991
Lammas, Norfolk de J 177
106 Fring II, Norfolk Gallo–Belgic 60–50 bc Issue; (4) IARCH-744618; 173 AV 173 MD, 1990
de J 183
107 Sedgeford, Gallo–Belgic 60–50 bc Issue; (3) IARCH-44F34A; 39 AV 39 1 MD/arch, 1997
Norfolk de J 194
108 Welney 1995, Gallo–Belgic 60–50 bc Incomplete; IARCH-AEB6D4; 13 AV 13 MD, 1995
Norfolk (2) de J 202
109 Weybourne, Gallo–Belgic 60–50 bc Incomplete; IARCH-1526E2; 63 AV 63 1 Other, 1847
110 Wormegay 1998, Gallo–Belgic 60–50 bc Issue; (3) IARCH-AC80F7; 7 AV 7 MD, 1998
Norfolk de J 206
111 Harpsden, Oxon Gallo–Belgic 60–50 bc Issue; (3) IARCH-C07536; 17 AV 17 1 MD, 1981
CHECKLIST OF HOARDS
de J 215
112 Alderton Gallo–Belgic 60–50 bc Issue; (3) IARCH-8661FD; 20 AV 20 MD, 1996
(Woodbridge de J 242
Area), Suffolk
113 Broadholme Uninscribed 60–30 bc Issue; (4) IARCH-AB5612; 4 AV 4 1 MD, 2007
(Saxilby), Lincs de J 168
137
Table 2. Cont. 138
discovery
114 South Carlton, Uninscribed 60–30 bc Incomplete; IARCH-2D6EC3; 39 AV 39 MD, 1997

Lincs (2) de J 171
115 Nettleton II, Uninscribed 60–30 bc Incomplete; IARCH-85B6F0; 12 AV 12 MD, 1999
Lincs (2) de J 166
116 Kirmington 1997, Uninscribed 60–30 bc Incomplete; IARCH-FD9815; 8 AV 8 MD, 1997
North Lincs (2) de J 161
117 Whittlebury, Uninscribed 60–30 bc Issue; (4) IARCH-2560BB; 2 AV 2 MD, 1999
Northants de J 210
118 Laughton en le Uninscribed 60–30 bc Incomplete; IARCH-CBA67E; 5 AV 5 MD, 2007
Morthen, South (2) de J 299
Yorks
119 Hampstead Uninscribed 60–20 bc Issue; (4) IARCH-9D41FC; 3 AV 3 Unknown,
Norreys de J 4 1979
(Yattendon),
Berks
120 Maidenhead, Uninscribed 60–20 bc Incomplete; IARCH-134978; 5 AV 5 Unknown,
Berks (1) de J 5 1843
121 Sulhamstead, Uninscribed 60–20 bc Issue; (3) IARCH-392612; 6 AV 6 MD, 2004
Berks de J 7
122 Warfield Uninscribed 60–20 bc Issue; (4) IARCH-4CBA4F; 58 AV 58 MD, 1998
(Bracknell), Berks de J 3
123 Little Horwood, Uninscribed 60–20 bc Incomplete; IARCH-DEC81D; 1 AV 1 Unknown,
Bucks (1) de J 10 1890
124 Westbury, Bucks Uninscribed 60–20 bc Issue; (4) IARCH-35AE75; 41 AV 41 MD, 1997
de J 9
125 Whaddon Chase Uninscribed 60–20 bc Incomplete; IARCH-2C0E9F; 335 AV 335 Agric, 1849
(Little Horwood), Bucks (2) de J 10
126 Wing 2015 (Wing Uninscribed 60–20 bc Issue; (3) BUC-D7ACBF; 6 AV 6 MD, 2015
area), Bucks BNJ 2016, 7
127 Penzance 1925, Uninscribed 60–20 bc Incomplete; IARCH-654DBD; ? Unknown,
128 Beaminster, Uninscribed 60–20 bc Issue; (4) IARCH-3524E1; 160 AR 160 MD, 2003
Dorset de J 30
129 Corfe Common, Uninscribed 60–20 bc Issue; (3) IARCH-63E9B4; 5 AV; 31 AR 36 MD, 1980
Dorset de J 35
130 Edmondsham, Uninscribed 60–20 bc Issue; (4) IARCH-2746F3; 6 AR 6 MD, 2008
Dorset de J 36
131 Minchington Uninscribed 60–20 bc Incomplete; IARCH-779912; 27 AR 27 1 Agric, 1838
Down (Farnham), (2) de J 37
Dorset
132 Portland, Dorset Uninscribed 60–20 bc Issue; (4) DOR-65404C; 2 AR 2 MD, 2015
DOR-65498E;
BNJ 2016, 16
133 Portland Bill, Uninscribed 60–20 bc Incomplete; IARCH-12E21B; 4 AV; 4 AR 8 Agric, 1720
Dorset (1) de J 42
134 Tarrant Uninscribed 60–20 bc Issue; (4) IARCH-3D0783; 27 AR 27 MD, 2010
Launceston de J 46
2010, Dorset
135 Turnworth, Uninscribed 60–20 bc Issue; (4) IARCH-DCA2A7; 9 AR 9 MD, 2008
Dorset de J 47
136 Winterborne Uninscribed 60–20 bc Incomplete; IARCH-AD1E72; 500 AR 500 MD, 1998
Clenston 1998, (2) de J 48
Dorset
137 Winterborne Uninscribed 60–20 bc Issue; (4) IARCH-ACB724; 75 AR 75 MD, 2013
Clenston BNJ 2014, 4
(Winterborne
Stickland) 2013,
Dorset
138 Winterborne Uninscribed 60–20 bc Incomplete; IARCH-A63179; 113 AR 113 MD, 1986
Monkton, Dorset (2) de J 49
139 Winterborne Uninscribed 60–20 bc Issue; (4) BH-DAE70D; 2 AE 2 MD, 2015
St Martin, Dorset BH-DAF024;
BNJ 2016, 14
140 Witchampton, Uninscribed 60–20 bc Incomplete; IARCH-46AAC5; 15 AR 15 MD, 1977
Dorset (2) de J 50
141 Bishops Waltham Uninscribed 60–20 bc Incomplete; IARCH-9C5A55; 6 AV; 3 AR 9 MD, 2003
2003, Hants (1) de J 92
142 Fawley II, Hants Uninscribed 60–20 bc Incomplete; IARCH-D1EE8F; 1 AR 1 MD, 1990
(2) de J 98
143 Godshill, Hants Uninscribed 60–20 bc Issue; (4) IARCH-BE0E9C; 4 AR 4 1 Arch, 1959
de J 101
144 Kingsclere, Hants Uninscribed 60–20 bc Issue; (4) IARCH-D4C6C3; 7 AV 7 1 Agric, 1986
de J 105
145 Owslebury Uninscribed 60–20 bc Issue; (3) IARCH-70BA66; 3 AV 3 MD, 2004
(Winchester area) de J 117
4, Hants
146 Portchester Uninscribed 60–20 bc Issue; (3) IARCH-A8DCBD; 4 AV 4 Other, 1955
1955, Hants de J 106
147 Portsmouth Uninscribed 60–20 bc Incomplete; IARCH-AC6E81; 5 AR 5 Unknown,
1830, Hants (2) de J 107 1830
148 Silchester 2000, Uninscribed 60–20 bc Issue; (4) IARCH-89D09B; 13 AR 13 MD, 2000
Hants de J 110
149 St Mary Bourne, Uninscribed 60–20 bc Issue; (4) IARCH-69344D; 4 AV 4 MD, 2014
Hants BNJ 2016, 21
CHECKLIST OF HOARDS
150 Upham 2011, Uninscribed 60–20 bc Issue; (4) IARCH-8F465B; 6 AV; 1 AR 7 MD, 2011
Hants HAMP–D53653;
BNJ 2013, 13;
BNJ 2016, 4
151 Bembridge 2003, Uninscribed 60–20 bc Issue; (3) IARCH-979A2C; 21 AR 21 MD, 2003
139
Table 2. Cont. 140
discovery
152 Freshwater Bay, Uninscribed 60–20 bc Issue; (3) IARCH-193D02; 9 AV; 10 AR 19 3 MD, 1996
153 Newport, Isle of Uninscribed 60–20 bc Issue; (4) IARCH-137840; 10 AR 10 MD, 2010
Wight de J 130
154 Shorwell IV, Uninscribed 60–20 bc Issue; (4) IARCH-DF1EE5; 18 AV; 139 AR 157 5 1 MD, 2004
155 Scartho, North Uninscribed 60–20 bc Issue; (4) IARCH-839489; 6 AV 6 Agric, 1851
East Lincs de J 169
156 Rotherfield Uninscribed 60–20 bc Issue; (4) IARCH-3314E9; 32 AV 32 MD, 2003
Greys, (Henley I), de J 216
Oxon
157 Wambrook, Uninscribed 60–20 bc Issue; (2) IARCH-402478; 66 AR 66 Agric, 1865
Somerset de J 222
158 Camberley, Uninscribed 60–20 bc Incomplete; IARCH-E1FA03; 5 AV 5 Unknown,
Surrey (2) de J 243 1930
159 Farnham 1859, Uninscribed 60–20 bc Incomplete; IARCH-CA24AF; 10 AV 10 Unknown,
Surrey (3) de J 245 1859
160 Chichester 2005, Uninscribed 60–20 bc Incomplete; IARCH-312807; 12 AV 12 MD, 2005
West Sussex (2) de J 260
161 Climping I, Uninscribed 60–20 bc Incomplete; IARCH-EE004D; 66 AV 66 MD, 2000
West Sussex (2) de J 261;
BNJ 2014, 1
162 Climping III, Uninscribed 60–20 bc Incomplete; IARCH-93931E; 9 AV 9 MD, 2001
163 Compton, West Uninscribed 60–20 bc Issue; (2) IARCH-B5D06E; 11 AV 11 2 MD, 1989
Sussex de J 262
164 Heene, Marine, Uninscribed 60–20 bc Incomplete; IARCH-AC1678; 3 AV 3 Agric, 1846
165 Westergate 2004 Uninscribed 60–20 bc Incomplete; IARCH-4761A7; 29 AV 29 MD, 2004
(Aldingbourne), (2) de J 269
West Sussex
166 Chiseldon, Wilts Uninscribed 60–20 bc Issue; (4) IARCH-D91B83 4 AV 4 MD, 2005
167 Donhead St Uninscribed 60–20 bc Issue; (4) IARCH-4AF24A; 3 AV 3 1 MD, 2012
Andrew, Wilts BNJ 2013, 8 and 9
168 Donhead St Uninscribed 60–20 bc Issue; (4) IARCH-45AFC3; 88 AR 88 1 MD, 1985
Mary, Wilts de J 279; BNJ 2014, 3
169 Downton Uninscribed 60–20 bc Issue; (4) IARCH-15092E; 2 AR 2 MD, 2011

(Salisbury area) de J 280; BNJ 2012, 18
2011, Wilts
170 Laverstock, Wilts Uninscribed 60–20 bc Issue; (3) IARCH-4751A5; 4 AR 4 MD, 1989
de J 281
171 Tollard Royal, Uninscribed 60–20 bc Incomplete; IARCH-8FFD68; 1 AV; 5 AR 6 Unknown,
Wilts (2) de J 287 1845
172 West Tisbury I, Uninscribed 60–20 bc Issue; (4) IARCH-8C097F; 8 AV; 219 AR 227 MD, 2010
Wilts de J 286; BNJ 2013, 14
173 Sellack, Herefs Uninscribed 50–30 bc Issue; HESH-AEC26C; 2 AV 2 MD, 2015
BNJ 2016, 9
174 Faversham, Kent Uncertain 50–30 bc Incomplete; IARCH-8BD347; 7 AE 7 Unknown,
(2) de J 140 1960
175 Uncertain 1994, Uninscribed 50–30 bc Incomplete; de J 306 5 AV 5 MD, 1994
Norfolk (2)
176 Uncertain, Uninscribed 50–30 bc Incomplete; de J 305 12 AV 12 MD, 2007
Uncertain (East (3)
Anglia?)
177 Cheriton, Hants Uninscribed 50–20 bc Issue; (3) IARCH-603DA5; 82 AV 82 MD, 1982
de J 94
178 Clanfield Uninscribed 50–20 bc Incomplete; IARCH-A18118; 22 AV; 65 AR 87 MD, 1993
(Hambledon), (2) de J 102
Hants
179 Hurstbourne Uninscribed 50–20 bc Incomplete; IARCH-CFBD06; 5 AV 5 MD, 1982
Tarrant I (2) de J 104
(Smannell),
Hants
180 Ashby St Mary, Uninscribed 50–20 bc Issue; (3) IARCH-59F505 44 AV 44 MD, 2012
Norfolk
181 Wighton 2013, Uninscribed 50–20 bc Issue; (4) IARCH-89DCCC; 2 AV 2 MD, 2013
Norfolk BNJ 2014, 2
182 Great Coxwell Commios 50–20 bc Incomplete; IARCH-5D5A86; 8 AV 8 MD, 1996
(Faringdon), (2) de J 213
Oxon
183 Barham, Suffolk Uninscribed 50–20 bc Issue; (3) IARCH-EDBF88; 1 AV; 8 AR 9 MD, 1990
de J 225
184 Nettlestead, Uninscribed 50–20 bc Issue; (4) IARCH-D9CA3A; 6 AR 6 MD, 1999
Suffolk de J 236
185 Wonersh, Surrey Uninscribed 50–20 bc Incomplete; IARCH-5BDED1; 40 AV 40 Other, 1848
(2) de J 248
186 East Dean and Commios 50–20 bc Issue; (4) IARCH-B3DF33; 2 AR 2 MD, 2005
Friston, East de J 252
Sussex
187 Fairlight, East Uninscribed 50–20 bc Incomplete; IARCH-5B8635; 3 AV 3 Unknown,
Sussex (2) de J 253 1882
188 Maresfield, East Uninscribed 50–20 bc Incomplete; IARCH-E681EF; 3 AV; 7 AR 10 Agric, 1820
Sussex (2) de J 254
189 Pevensey 1864, Uninscribed 50–20 bc Incomplete; IARCH-639F18; 2 AR 2 Unknown,
CHECKLIST OF HOARDS
East Sussex (2) de J 255 1864

190 Arundel, West Uninscribed 50–20 bc Incomplete; IARCH-184DF0; 245 AV; 1 AR 246 MD, 1992
Sussex (2) de J 258
191 West Wittering Commios 50–20 bc Incomplete; IARCH-281A49; 3 AV 3 Unknown,
1840, West Sussex (2) de J 271 1840
192 Urchfont III Uninscribed 50–20 bc Issue; (4) IARCH-35D277; 2 AR 2 MD, 2006
(Easterton), Wilts de J 290
141
Table 2. Cont. 142
discovery
193 Little Malvern Uninscribed 50–20 bc Issue; (3) IARCH-21869F; 2 AV 2 MD, 2011
2011, Worcs BNJ 2013, 11
194 Stixwould and Uninscribed 50–10 bc Issue; (4) IARCH-705031; 14 AV; 2 AR 16 MD, 2008
Woodhall, Lincs de J 173
195 Bere Regis, Uninscribed 50–40 bc Incomplete; IARCH-523610; 3 AV; 16 AR; 36 MD,
Dorset (2) de J 31 17 AE 1984
196 Bradford Uninscribed 50–40 bc Issue; (3) IARCH-33BE36; 11 AR; 17 AE 28 2 MD, 1986
Peverell, Dorset de J 33
197 Charminster, Uninscribed 50–40 bc Issue; (3) DOR-7951CB; 26 AR 26 MD, 2015
Dorset BNJ 2017
198 Corfe Castle, Uninscribed 50–40 bc Issue; (4) IARCH-297A03; 142 AR 142 1 MD, 2004
Dorset de J 34
199 Langton Uninscribed 50–40 bc Incomplete; IARCH-B0F340; 2 AR; 2 AE 4 Unknown,
(Blandford), (2) de J 39 1840
Dorset
200 Shapwick, Dorset Uninscribed 50–40 bc Incomplete; IARCH-4B4AF9; 40 AV; 627 MD,
(2) de J 43 583 AR; 1983
4 AE
201 Abbas Combe, Uninscribed 50–40 bc Issue; (4) IARCH-3845D4; 19 AE 19 MD, 1992
Somerset de J 219
202 Chitterne 1991, Uninscribed 50–40 bc Issue; (3) IARCH-4B1134; 1 AR; 13 AE 14 MD, 1991
Wilts de J 276
203 Stapleford, Wilts Uninscribed 50–40 bc Incomplete; IARCH-C5D96C; 200 AE 200 MD, 1992
(2) de J 285
204 Brighstone 2005, Uninscribed 50 bc Issue; (4) IARCH-E99EF3; 990 AR 990 1 1 MD, 2005
205 Burnham Thorpe, Uncertain 51 bc Incomplete; IARCH-D4AA8F; ? Agric, 1900
206 Minffordd Uncertain 52 bc Incomplete; IARCH-C90E4C; 3 AR 3 Unknown,
(Penrhyndeudraeth), (1) G&W 1080 1850
Gwynedd
207 Maenclochog Republic 49–48 bc Incomplete; IARCH-CF5D24; ? ? 1 Unknown,
(Prescelly (1) Rob. 7 1837
Mountain),
Pembrokeshire
208 Savernake 1800, Republic 49–45 bc Incomplete; IARCH-9EEB07; ? ? Other, 1800
Wilts (1) Rob. 5

209 Mildenhall 2003, Republic 48 bc Issue; (4) IARCH-9B46CA; 2 2 MD/arch, 2003
Suffolk TAR 2003, 357
210 Boxted, Suffolk Republic 46 bc Issue; (4) IARCH-85811E; 2 2 MD, 2011
BNJ 2012, 10
211 Sweffling 2015a Republic 43 bc Issue; (1) SF–88333B; 2 2 MD, 2015
(Saxmundham), BNJ 2016, 19
Suffolk
212 Llanvetherine Republic 41 bc Issue; (3) IARCH-C1B42D; 3 3 Unknown,
(Grosmont), BNJ 2013, 37 2012
Monmouthshire
213 Ludborough, Uninscribed 40–40 bc Incomplete; IARCH-27790A; 2 AV 2 MD, 2005
Lincs (2) de J 164
214 Sibsey, Lincs Uninscribed 40–40 bc Incomplete; IARCH-A9351F; 129 AV 129 1 MD, 1990
(2) de J 170
215 Walkington Uninscribed 40–40 bc Issue; (4) IARCH-212957; 178 AV 178 MD, 1999
(Beverley), de J 292; BNJ
East Yorks 2016, 10
216 Pickering, Uninscribed 40–40 bc Incomplete; IARCH-7DA453; 2 AV 2 Unknown,
North Yorks (2) de J 296 1853
217 Rothley, Leics Republic 38 bc Incomplete; IARCH-B27BE5; ? ? 1 Unknown,
(1) Rob. 6 1895
218 Alderton, Republic 39 bc Incomplete; IARCH-BD43AF; 1 2+ 3 Unknown,
Northants (1) B&L 460 1821
219 Lanlivery Republic 32–31 bc Issue; (4) IARCH-9AF80E; 2 2 MD, 2004
(Lostwithiel), Penhallurick 83
Cornwall
220 Birrens 1963, Republic 32–31 bc Issue; (2) Hunter 2015; 5 5 Arch, 1963
Dumfries and Robertson 1975b: 16
Galloway
221 Aldham, Essex Republic 32–31 bc Issue; (4) IARCH-DF07F9 2 2 MD, 2005
222 Northchurch Republic 32–31 bc Issue; (4) IARCH-607A3C; 2 2 MD, 2012
2012, Herts BNJ 2013, 12
223 Charley, Leics Republic 32–31 bc Issue; (4) LEIC-A67FAF; 4 4 MD, 2015
BNJ 2016, 20
224 Ashburnham Republic 32–31 bc Issue; (3) IARCH-7A946A; 10 10 MD, 2008
(near Bexhill), NC 2009, 14;
East Sussex BNJ 2012, 11
225 Goldhanger ADDEDO- 30–10 bc Issue; (4) IARCH-B58437; 2 AV 2 MD, 1993
(Little Totham), MAROS de J 62
Essex
226 Little Bromley ADDEDO- 30–10 bc Issue; (4) IARCH-81EbcF; 33 AV 33 MD, 2005
(East of MAROS de J 61; BNJ 2016,
Colchester), Essex 23; BNJ 2017
227 Little Clacton ADDEDO- 30–10 bc Incomplete; IARCH-4DA079; 7 AV 7 Unknown,
(Clacton II), MAROS (2) de J 52 1905
Essex
228 Marks Tey I, ADDEDO- 30–10 bc Incomplete; IARCH-E4F4AA; 6 AV 6 1 Agric, 1803
Essex MAROS (2) de J 63
CHECKLIST OF HOARDS
229 Dymock 2011, Uninscribed 30–10 bc Issue; (4) IARCH-59F611; 2 AR 2 MD, 2011
Glos BNJ 2013, 16
230 Gotherington, Uninscribed 30–10 bc Issue; (4) IARCH-443E73; 1 AV; 1 AR 2 MD, 2010
Glos de J p. 142n
231 Stoke Orchard, Uninscribed 30–10 bc Issue; (2) IARCH-140B57 1 AV; 1 AR 2 MD, 2011
Glos
143
Table 2. Cont. 144
discovery
232 Exeter (St Augustus 27 bc–14 ad Incomplete; IARCH-70DAA5; ? ? 1 Building, 1774

David’s) 2, Devon (1) Rob. 9
233 Pudsey, Republic 28 bc–14 ad Incomplete; IARCH-68A1DB; 100 100 1 Other, 1775
West Yorks (1) Rob. 3
234 Igtham, Kent Uninscribed 25–1 bc Issue; (3) KENT-B2A43E; 16 AV 16 MD, 2015
BNJ 2017
235 Borden 1873, Augustus 20–19 bc Incomplete; IARCH-28C6C8; 12 AV 1 13 Gardening,
Kent (2) Rob. 35; de J 135; 1873
B&L 329
236 Cherry Hinton, Uninscribed 20–5 bc Incomplete; IARCH-5AA73D; 4 AV 4 MD, 1976
Cambs (2) de J 226
237 Heacham, Uninscribed 20–5 bc Issue; (4) IARCH-126807; 28 AV 28 MD, 1992
Norfolk de J 185
238 Runhall, Norfolk Uninscribed 20–5 bc Issue; (4) IARCH-697C91; 9 AV 9 MD, 2014
BNJ 2016, 22
239 Sculthorpe (near Uninscribed 20–5 bc Issue; (4) NMS-DA0078; 20 AV; 4 AR 24 MD, 2015
Fakenham), BNJ 2016, 24
Norfolk
240 Shernborne I and Uninscribed 20–5 bc Issue; (4) IARCH-A49507; 88 AV; 3 AR 91 1 MD, 1987
II, Norfolk de J 195
241 Swaffham, Uninscribed 20–5 bc Incomplete; IARCH-430B51; 30 AV 30 MD, 1994
242 West Runton, Uninscribed 20–5 bc Incomplete; IARCH-44A0F9; 62 AV 62 Other, 1994
243 Ryemead (High Tasciovanus 20–10 bc Incomplete; IARCH-2271bc; 13 AV 13 1 Other, 1827
Wycombe) 1827, (2) de J 8
Bucks
244 Cambridge 1962, Dubno- 20–10 bc Issue; (2) IARCH-C52A00; 4 AV 4 Unknown,
Cambs vellaunos de J 13 1982
245 Sandy 1988b, Tasciovanus 20–10 bc Incomplete; IARCH-FE1D63 1 AV; 29 ? 30 Arch,
Beds (1) metal 1988
246 Birling, East Dubno- 20–10 bc Issue; (4) IARCH-F40997; 5 AV 5 Building, 1932
Dean, East vellaunos de J 251
Sussex
247 Alfriston, East Tincomarus 20–10 bc Incomplete; IARCH-C86A7B; 6 AV 6 Unknown,
Sussex (2) de J 249 1824
248 Great Bentley, Dubno- 20–10 bc Issue; (4) ESS-FBFF63; 2 AV 2 MD, 2015
Essex vellaunos BNJ 2016, 13
249 Heybridge 1999, Dubno- 20–10 bc Issue; (4) IARCH-335394; 5 AV 5 MD, 1999
Essex vellaunos de J 60
250 East Meon Eppillus 20–10 bc Issue; (4) IARCH-967A61; 50 AV 50 MD, 1996
(Alton I), Hants de J 86
251 Brasted Dubno- 20–10 bc Issue; (4) IARCH-13CA2F; 141 AV 141 1 MD, 2001
(Westerham II), vellaunos de J 154
Kent
252 Frinsted, Kent Vosenos 20–10 bc Issue; (4) IARCH-81043E; 4 AV 4 MD, 1998
de J 143
253 Sarre, Kent Dubno- 20–10 bc Incomplete; IARCH-FC6AFA; 29 AV 29 MD, 1996
vellaunos (2) de J 149
254 Rushden, ANDOCO 20–10 bc Incomplete; IARCH-1932ED; 19 AV 19 Building, 1995
Northants (2) de J 209
255 Appledram Tincomarus 20–10 bc Issue; (4) IARCH-DFD469; 3 AV 3 MD, 1981
(Apuldram), de J 257
West Sussex
256 Storrington Tincomarus 20–10 bc Incomplete; IARCH-4012C3; 26 AV 26 MD, 2006
2006, West (2) de J 268
Sussex
257 Urchfont I, Wilts Uninscribed 20–10 bc Issue; (3) IARCH-7B605C; 3 AR 3 MD, 1992
de J 288
258 Chirton, Wilts Uninscribed 20–10 bc Issue; (3) IARCH-5CC188; 6 AR 6 MD, 1991
de J 275
259 Calne Without, Uninscribed 20–10 bc Issue; (4) IARCH-94FDAA; 2 AR 2 MD, 2008
Wilts de J 274
260 Urchfont II, Wilts Uninscribed 20–10 bc Issue; (4) IARCH-1F02D1; 16 AR 16 MD, 1992
de J 289
261 Harlaston Uninscribed 20 bc Issue; (4) IARCH-403E8D; 33 AV 33 MD, 2013
(Tamworth), BNJ 2014, 5
Staffordshire
262 Little Saxham, Uninscribed 20 bc Issue; (3) IARCH-5AF548; 7 AV 7 MD, 1990
Suffolk de J 235
263 Chetney, Iwade, Dubno- 20–10 bc Incomplete; IARCH-1099CE; 2 AV 1 3 Unknown,
vellaunos (2) de J 139 1978
Kent
264 Little Missenden, Augustus 19 bc Issue; (4) IARCH-656E61; 2 2 MD, 2010
Bucks NC 2011
265 Bardney, Lincs Augustus 16 bc Issue; (4) IARCH-8EE580 2 2 MD, 2003
266 Springhead Augustus 7–6 bc Issue; (3) IARCH-94F08D 2 2 Arch, 2002
(CTRL 2002),
Kent
267 Fradley and Augustus 4 bc Issue; (1) WMID-BDC097; 10 10 MD, 2015
Streethay 2015, BNJ 2017
Staffordshire
268 Warburton, Augustus 2 bc–4 ad Issue; (4) IARCH-D02A12; 9 9 MD, 2010
CHECKLIST OF HOARDS
Greater NC 2011
Manchester
269 Hursley, Hants Augustus 3 bc–4 ad Issue; (4) IARCH-252B8C; 8 8 MD, 1996
NC 2009, 15
270 Ash cum Ridley, Augustus 4 bc–4 ad Issue; (4) IARCH-B36949; 1 AE 6 7 1 MD, 2011
Kent BNJ 2013, 17
145
Table 2. Cont. 146
discovery
271 Pontesbury, Augustus 5 bc–4 ad Issue; (4) IARCH-3F1A44; 3 3 MD, 2014

Salop BNJ 2015, 2
272 Raydon, Suffolk Augustus 6 bc–4 ad Issue; (3) IARCH-1A1260; 5 5 MD, 1995
NC 1997, 10;
CHRB X
273 Cley Hill Augustus 7 bc–4 ad Issue; (4) IARCH-Bbc132; 18 18 MD, 1994
(Warminster), NC 1997, 9;
Wilts CHRB X
274 Verulamium RVES ad 1–10 Issue; (4) IARCH-DE3CCA; 10 AE 10 5 Arch, 1967
(King Harry de J 123
Lane), Herts
275 Farmborough, CORIO ad 5–20 Issue; (4) IARCH-B61C55; 61 AV 61 1 MD, 1982
Bath and North de J 220
East Somerset
276 Pentney, Norfolk Uninscribed ad 5–20 Issue; (4) IARCH-9CF0D8; 2 AR 2 MD, 2001
de J 191
277 Snettisham F, Uncertain ad 5–20 Issue; (3) IARCH-2EA094; 46 AV; 3 53 123 1 MD, 1990
Norfolk de J 196.4 AR; 4 AE
278 Sustead, Norfolk Uninscribed ad 5–20 Issue; (2) IARCH-EFC0B8; 9 AV 9 MD, 1998
de J 197
279 Shouldham 2011a Uninscribed ad 5–20 Issue; (4) IARCH-DD26DC; 6 AV; ; 1 AE 7 MD, 2011
(South West BNJ 2013, 28
Norfolk I),
Norfolk
280 Dallinghoo Uninscribed ad 5–20 Issue; (4) IARCH-6C838D; 840 AV 840 1 MD, 2008
(Wickham de J 227
Market),
Suffolk
281 Freckenham Uninscribed ad 5–20 Incomplete; IARCH-6A45bc; 90 AV 90 1 Gardening,
1885, Suffolk (2) de J 230 1885
282 Cublington, Cunobelin ad 5–20 Issue; (4) BUC-C39D01; 2 AV 2 MD, 2015
Bucks BNJ 2016, 25
283 Reading 1991, Verica ad 10–40 Incomplete; IARCH-58A73B; 81 AV 81 MD, 1991
Berks (2) de J 6
284 Hoggeston Cunobelin ad 10–40 Issue; (4) IARCH-18E99C; 17 AV; 9 AR 26 MD, 2008
(Winslow), de J 11
Bucks
285 Kimbolton, Cunobelin ad 10–40 Issue; (4) IARCH-5D8197; 68 AV 68 MD, 2010
Cambs de J 22
286 Ardleigh, Essex Cunobelin ad 10–40 Issue; (4) IARCH-EE967E 1 AV; 1 AR 2 MD, 2003
287 Colchester 1835, Cunobelin ad 10–40 Incomplete; IARCH-C37203; 12 AE; 38 ? 50 1 Building,
Essex (2) Rob. 1890; de J metal 1835
53; B&L 182
288 Colchester 1930, Cunobelin ad 10–40 Issue; (2) IARCH-E68947; 10 AE 10 Arch, 1930
Essex de J 54
289 Colchester 1980, Cunobelin ad 10–40 Poor cond; IARCH-1846D7; 6 AV 6 MD, 1980
Essex (2) de J 55
290 Epping Upland, Cunobelin ad 10–40 Issue; (4) IARCH-B00F59; 12 AV 12 MD, 1970
Essex de J 56
291 Great Waltham, Cunobelin ad 10–40 Issue; (3) IARCH-BB0EA5; 36 AV 36 MD, 1999
Essex de J 59
292 Marks Tey II, Cunobelin ad 10–40 Incomplete; IARCH-359BD3; 9 AV 9 Agric, 1843
Essex (2) de J 64
293 Weeley (Clacton Cunobelin ad 10–40 Issue; (3) IARCH-68DCFA; 5 AV 4 9 MD, 2003
area), Essex de J 69; BNJ 2016,
31
294 West Cunobelin ad 10–40 Issue; (4) IARCH-26EB5B; 2 AV 2 MD, 2000
Hanningfield de J 70
(Southend area),
Essex
295 East Meon (Alton Verica ad 10–40 Issue; (4) IARCH-2CE72C; 206 AV 206 MD, 1996
II), Hants de J 86
296 Nether Wallop, Uninscribed ad 10–40 Issue; (3) HAMP–D2F4CC; 4 AR 4 MD, 2015
Hants BNJ 2016, 15
297 Smannell 1980 Verica ad 10–40 Incomplete; IARCH-C3C607; 7 AV 7 MD, 1980
(Andover I), (3) de J 87
Hants
298 Upton, Nursling Verica ad 10–40 Incomplete; IARCH-1AFD1C; 1 AV; 677 AR; 5,300 2 MD, 1995
and Rownhams, (2) de J 113 47 AE; 4,575 ?
Hants metal
299 Ashwell (Context Cunobelin ad 10–40 Issue; (4) IARCH-53A29F 1 AV; 1 AR; 3 4 Arch, 2002
201/206), 1 AE
Herts
300 Berkhamsted, Cunobelin ad 10–40 Incomplete; IARCH-4F63CF; 71 AV; 38 AR 109 MD, 1993
Herts (2) de J 121
301 Essendon, Herts Cunobelin ad 10–40 Issue; (3) IARCH-4CEA4B; 257 AV 4 10 271 18 MD, 1992
de J 122
302 Wheathampstead, Cunobelin ad 10–40 Issue; (4) IARCH-73A91B; 4 AV; 7 AR 11 MD, 1997
Herts de J 124
303 Kingsnorth 2005, Cunobelin ad 10–40 Issue; (4) IARCH-4101C3; 4 AV 4 MD, 2005
Kent de J 145
304 Stoke, Kent Cunobelin ad 10–40 Incomplete; IARCH-860996; 58 AV 4 62 MD, 1989
(2) de J 151
305 Westerham III, Cunobelin ad 10–40 Incomplete; IARCH-DCDDAF; 8 AV 8 MD, 2002
CHECKLIST OF HOARDS
Kent (2) de J 155

306 Brightwell Verica ad 10–40 Incomplete; de J 218 13 AV 13 Unknown,
(Baldwin or (1) 1890
Brightwell cum
Sotwell), Oxon
307 Grove (West Cunobelin ad 10–40 Issue; (4) IARCH-52EbcD; 9 AV 1 10 1 MD, 2004
Hanney), Oxon de J 214
147
Table 2. Cont. 148
discovery
308 Woodeaton 1676, Cunobelin ad 10–40 Issue; (2) IARCH-769229 2 AV 2 Unknown,

Oxon 1676
309 Hoxne 2009 Cunobelin ad 10–40 Issue; (4) IARCH-27938D 6 AV; ; 1 AE 7 MD, 2009
(Mid Suffolk),
Suffolk
310 Shotley 1980, Cunobelin ad 10–40 Issue; (3) IARCH-A17AF8; 9 AV 9 MD, 1980
Suffolk de J 240
311 Somerton, Cunobelin ad 10–40 Issue; (4) IARCH-DE1708; 31 AV 31 MD, 1990
Suffolk de J 241
312 Cobham 1988, Cunobelin ad 10–40 Issue; (4) IARCH-2D8F31; 2 AV 3 5 MD, 1988
Surrey de J 244
313 Aldwick (Bognor), Verica ad 10–40 Issue; (2) IARCH-7DF013; 27 AV; 1 AR 28 Unknown,
West Sussex de J 259 1841
314 Henfield Verica ad 10–40 Issue; (3) IARCH-F5A5FF; 3 AR 3 Unknown,
(Newtimber), de J 264 1986
West Sussex
315 Patching 2005, Verica ad 10–40 Issue; (3) IARCH-DA7532; 5 AV 5 MD, 2005
West Sussex de J 266
316 Sidlesham 2010 Verica ad 10–40 Issue; (4) IARCH-88F8E8; 2 AR 2 MD, 2010
(Chichester area), BNJ 2013, 20
West Sussex
317 West Lavant, Verica ad 10–40 Unc/ IARCH-F52224; 3 AV; 2 AR 5 MD, 2003
West Sussex disputed; de J 270
(3)
318 Brailes (Shipston Cunobelin ad 10–40 Issue; (4) IARCH-B96B2B 2 AV 2 MD, 2011
on Stour), Warks
319 Bowerchalke Verica ad 10–40 Issue; (3) IARCH-CF1F43; 49 AV; 13 AR 62 MD, 1990
1990, Wilts de J 273
320 Cunetio 1998 Cunobelin ad 10–40 Incomplete; IARCH-53A0C3; 14 AV 14 MD, 1998
(Mildenhall), (2) de J 283
Wilts
321 Newchurch 2014, CRAB ad 10–45 Issue; (4) IARCH-68FC19; 2 AR 2 MD, 2014
Isle of Wight BNJ 2016, 26
322 Plymouth Uninscribed ad 10–50 Incomplete; IARCH-7C0FFA; 5 AV; 8 AR 13 Other, 1830
(Mount Batten), (2) de J 29
Devon
ad
323 Northeast Herefs Uninscribed 10–50 Incomplete; IARCH-FDB11B; 2 AR 2 MD, 2008

(Leominster/ (2) de J 119
Bromyard),
Herefs
324 Flore, Northants Uninscribed ad 10–50 Poor cond; IARCH-E0D8AB; 2 AR; 1 AE 3 Gardening,
(3) de J 207 1983
325 Wanborough Uninscribed ad 10–50 Incomplete; IARCH-EF820E; 2 AR 2 Unknown,
1937, Wilts (1) de J 291 1937
326 East Mersea 1990, Tiberius ad 14–37 Issue; (3) IARCH-D7BDD3; 5 5 MD, 1990
Essex NC 2000, 19
327 Crondall 2004, Tiberius ad 14–37 Issue; (4) IARCH-848655; 14 14 MD, 2004
Hants NC 2005, 3
328 Owslebury Tiberius ad 14–37 Issue; (4) IARCH-C2D1D4; 1 28 29 10 MD, 2001
(Winchester area) IARCH-69679D;
3, Hants B&L 233
329 Winchester Tiberius ad 14–37 Issue; (4) IARCH-13A3B2; 8 8 MD, 1996
(Sarum Road), NC 1997, 11
Hants
330 Ayot St Lawrence, Tiberius ad 14–37 Incomplete; IARCH-C9A9AB; 230 230 1 Agric, 1851
Herts (2) Rob. 11
331 Pulham St Mary Tiberius ad 15–37 Issue; (4) IARCH-C205D7; 139 139 MD, 2012
(South Norfolk), NMS-00AFB2 ;
Norfolk BNJ 2012, 19;
BNJ 2015, 4;
BNJ 2016, 34
332 Wymondham, Tiberius ad 14–37 Issue; (4) NMS-A6F891; 1 AV; 3 AR 19 23 MD, 2015
Norfolk BNJ 2017
333 Mansfield Tiberius ad 14–37 Issue; (3) IARCH-2DC69B; 22 22 MD, 2007
Woodhouse NC 2008, 9
(Warsop), Notts
334 Trefeglwys 1, Tiberius ad 14–37 Issue; (2) IARCH-381C7E; ? ? Unknown,
Powys Rob. 13 1700
335 Albrighton, Tiberius ad 14–37 Issue; (4) IARCH-69DBA7; 69 69 MD, 2005
Salop NC 2006, 8
336 Icklingham 2015, Tiberius ad 15–37 Issue; (4) SF–FA975F; 2 2 MD, 2015
Suffolk SF–FA8A32;
BNJ 2016, 33
337 Sweffling 2013 Tiberius ad 14–37 Issue; (4) IARCH-D2E621; 20 20 MD, 2013
(Rendham), BNJ 2014, 11
Suffolk
338 Nutbourne Tiberius ad 14–37 Issue; (4) IARCH-9CE064; 4 AV; 1 AR 2 7 MD, 1976
(Pulborough), de J 265
West Sussex
339 Great Packington, Tiberius ad 14–37 Issue; (4) IARCH-432D26; 17 17 MD, 1999
Warks NC 2000, 18
340 Chisbury Camp Tiberius ad 14–37 Incomplete; IARCH-3FB713 7 7 MD, 1969
(Little Bedwyn) (1)
CHECKLIST OF HOARDS
1969, Wilts
341 Membury 1988 Tiberius ad 14–37 Issue; (4) IARCH-C6F7B7; 252 252 1 MD, 1988
(Ramsbury), Rob. 9A; CHRB IX;
Wilts CHRB X
342 Elmley Lovett Tiberius ad 14–37 Issue; (3) IARCH-3EF706; 6 6 MD, 2014
2014, Worcs BNJ 2016, 32
149
Table 2. Cont. 150
discovery
343 Upper Arley, Tiberius ad 14–37 Issue; (2) IARCH-1BAF47; ? ? Unknown,

Worcs Rob. 14; B&L 604 1750
344 Kings Stanley, ANTED ad 20–50 Issue; (4) IARCH-390A89; 2 AV 2 MD, 2006
Glos (Dobunni) de J 72
345 Stonea Grange II ANTED ad 20–50 Issue; (4) IARCH-D29DB8 9 AR 9 MD, 1978
Group I (March), (Iceni)
Cambs
346 Old Buckenham, ANTED ad 20–50 Issue; (3) NMS–6F2101; 11 AR 8 19 Arch, 2015
Norfolk (Iceni) BNJ 2016, 37
347 Tacolneston, ANTED ad 20–50 Issue; (3) IARCH-A8334D; 2 AR 2 MD, 2012
Norfolk (Iceni) BNJ 2013, 23
348 West Acre ANTED ad 20–50 Issue; (4) IARCH-28A5EE; 4 AR 4 MD, 2012
(Swaffham area) (Iceni) de J 198;
2012, Norfolk BNJ 2013, 25
349 Northampton ANTED ad 20–50 Incomplete; IARCH-EFEBF9; 4 AR 4 Unknown,
area, Northants (Iceni) (2) de J 208 1973
350 Beck Row ANTED ad 20–50 Issue; (4) IARCH-637E97; 5 AR 5 Arch, 2010
(Mildenhall) (Iceni) BNJ 2014, 6
2010, Suffolk
351 Kessingland, ANTED ad 20–50 Issue; (2) IARCH-8F3986; 2 AR 2 MD, 1983
Suffolk (Iceni) de J 233
352 South Ferriby CAT ad 20–50 Issue; (3) IARCH-FF345B; 69 AV; 45 AR 114 Unknown,
1904, North de J 172 1904
Lincs
353 Pershore I, Worcs CATTI ad 20–50 Issue; (4) IARCH-65157D; 7 AV; 976 AR 983 MD, 1993
de J 120.1
354 Field Baulk ECEN/ECE ad 20–50 Issue; (4) IARCH-9C4FA6; 872 AR 872 1 Agric, 1982
(March III), de J 20
Cambs
355 Huntingdon ECEN/ECE ad 20–50 Incomplete; IARCH-E66DBF; ? ? MD, 1990
area, Cambs (1) de J 16
356 Littleport 1977, ECEN/ECE ad 20–50 Issue; (2) IARCH-287705; 4 AV; 64 AR; 17 86 MD, 1977
Cambs de J 17 1 AE
357 March I, Cambs ECEN/ECE ad 20–50 Incomplete; IARCH-6E4728; 45 AR 45 1 Unknown,
(2) de J 18 1839
358 Stonea Grange I ECEN/ECE ad 20–50 Incomplete; IARCH-DAE9AE; 37 AR 37 MD, 1977
Group I (Stonea II (2) de J 19.1

and III) (March),
Cambs
359 Stonea Grange II ECEN/ECE ad 20–50 Issue; (4) IARCH-9C6DBA 1 AV; 34 AR 35 MD, 1980
Group I (March),
Cambs
360 Stonea Grange III ECEN/ECE ad 20–50 Issue; (4) IARCH-2827CD 8 AR 8 MD, 1985
Group I (March),
Cambs
361 Wimblington ECEN/ECE ad 20–50 Incomplete; IARCH-C06FAE; 38 AR 38 Unknown,
1887 (March), (2) de J 23 1887
Cambs
362 Wimblington ECEN/ECE ad 20–50 Incomplete; IARCH-A1A5A7; 54 AR 54 Unknown,
1904 (March), (2) de J 24 1904
Cambs
363 Brettenham ECEN/ECE ad 20–50 Incomplete; IARCH-E2C795; 5 AR 5 Unknown,
1890, Norfolk (2) de J 175, 192 1890
364 East Dereham, ECEN/ECE ad 20–50 Issue; (4) IARCH-43F45E; 4 AR 4 8 MD, 1995
Norfolk de J 178
365 Fincham (South– ECEN/ECE ad 20–50 Issue; (3) IARCH-9BB587; 4 AV; 337 343 17 MD, 1993
West Norfolk) de J 180 AR; 2 AE
1993, Norfolk
366 Forncett, Norfolk ECEN/ECE ad 20–50 Issue; (3) IARCH-59E201; 336 AR 45 381 1 MD, 1996
de J 181
367 Fring I, Norfolk ECEN/ECE ad 20–50 Issue; (3) IARCH-B1844F; 201 AR 201 1 1 MD, 1990
de J 182
368 Grimston 2015b ECEN/ECE ad 20–50 Issue; (4) NMS–C9FCD1; 3 AR 3 MD, 2015
(West Norfolk), BNJ 2016, 17
Norfolk
369 Honingham, ECEN/ECE ad 20–50 Issue; (3) IARCH-9804C4; 344 AR 344 1 Agric, 1954
Norfolk de J 186
370 Ingoldisthorpe ECEN/ECE ad 20–50 Issue; (3) NMS-5C0121 2 AV; 2 AR 4 8 1 MD, 2015
(North West
Norfolk), Norfolk
371 North Creake ECEN/ECE ad 20–50 Issue; (3) IARCH-D7D1E6; 37 AR 2 39 MD, 1990
1990, Norfolk de J 189
372 Oxborough 1999, ECEN/ECE ad 20–50 Issue; (4) IARCH-DE91BF; 11 AR; 1 AE 12 MD, 1999
Norfolk
373 Quidenham 2014 ECEN/ECE ad 20–50 Issue; (3) NMS–480CEE; 25 AR 22 47 MD, 2014
(South Norfolk), BNJ 2016, 35
Norfolk
374 Shouldham 2011b ECEN/ECE ad 20–50 Issue; (4) IARCH-F6CCEB; 34 AR 34 MD, 2011
(South West
Norfolk II),
Norfolk
375 Stanfield, ECEN/ECE ad 20–50 Issue; (3) NMS-79D400; 18 AR 18 MD, 2014
Norfolk BNJ 2017
CHECKLIST OF HOARDS
376 Weston Longville, ECEN/ECE ad 20–50 Incomplete; IARCH-51DE8C; 51 AR 3 54 1 Agric, 1852

Norfolk (2) Rob. 8; de J 203
377 Lakenheath 2006 ECEN/ECE ad 20–50 Issue; (4) IARCH-60F995; 5 AR 5 MD, 2006
(North Suffolk), de J 237
Suffolk
378 Palgrave (Eye ECEN/ECE ad 20–50 Issue; (4) IARCH-DA8496; 2 AV; 58 AR; 1 1 65 MD, 2008
area), Suffolk de J 229 3 AE
151
Table 2. Cont. 152
discovery
379 Wortwell (Bury ECEN/ECE ad 20–50 Issue; (4) IARCH-FF8553; 7 AR 7 MD, 2011
St Edmunds BNJ 2013, 24
area), Suffolk
380 Battle, East ECEN/ECE ad 20–50 Incomplete; IARCH-C3FFF5; ? Unknown,
Sussex (2) de J 250 1839
381 Marbury cum EISV ad 20–50 Issue; (4) IARCH-bcCA77; 7 AV 28 35 MD, 2014
Quoisley BNJ 2015, 3;
(Malpas), BNJ 2016, 30
Cheshire
382 Padstow I, EISV ad 20–50 Issue; (3) IARCH-1F78E0; 2 AR 2 MD, 1990
Cornwall Penhallurick 104
383 Sherborne, Glos EISV ad 20–50 Issue; (2) IARCH-CD3B22; 9 AV 9 Unknown,
de J 73 1903
384 Alveston EISV ad 20–50 Issue; (3) IARCH-80DDE9; 2 AR 2 MD, 2011
(Thornbury) BNJ 2013, 21
2011, South
Glos
385 Colerne 1957, EISV ad 20–50 Issue; (3) IARCH-59646A; 7 AR 7 Agric, 1957
Wilts de J 278
386 Bewdley, Worcs EISV ad 20–50 Issue; (4) IARCH-585467; 4 AV 4 MD, 1986
de J 118
387 Elmley Lovett EISV ad 20–50 Issue; (4) IARCH-685B32 5 AV 5 MD, 2013
2013, Worcs
388 Pershore II, EISV ad 20–50 Issue; (4) IARCH-5567A5; 5 AV; 1489 AR 1,494 2 Arch, 1993
Worcs de J 120.2
389 Claverley 2015, EISV/VEP ad 20–50 Issue; (4) WAW-D64063; 7 AV 7 MD, 2015
Salop CORF BNJ 2016, 18
390 Snettisham P, Uncertain ad 20–50 Incomplete; IARCH-E32256; 7,000 ? metal 3+ 7,000 1 MD, 1991
Norfolk (1) de J 196.6
391 Meden Vale VEP CORF ad 20–50 Issue; (3) IARCH-4382A8; 2 AV 2 MD, 1984
(Warsop), Notts de J 211
392 Saxton with VEP CORF ad 20–50 Issue; (4) IARCH-D8D7DF; 2 AV 2 3 MD, 2008
Scarthingwell de J 298
(Towton),
North Yorks
393 Bedworth, VEPO CORF ad 20–50 Issue; (3) IARCH-CDB8F3; 20 AV 20 MD, 1994
Warks de J 272;
BNJ 2013, 30
394 Hotham, VOLISIOS ad 20–50 Issue; (4) IARCH-662D77; 14 AR 14 2 MD, 2012
East Yorks DUMNO- BNJ 2014, 8;
COVEROS BNJ 2016, 29
395 Weston by VOLISIOS ad 20–50 Issue; (4) IARCH-5DD02B; 6 AR 6 Arch, 2012
Welland, DUMNO- BNJ 2013, 27
Northants VELLAUNOS
396 Down Ground CRAB ad 30–45 Issue; (3) IARCH-4B2F08; 8 AV; 67 AR 75 MD, 1993
(Newchurch), de J 127
Isle of Wight
397 Beech (Chawton), Epaticcus ad 30–45 Issue; (4) IARCH-B07174; 104 AV 1 105 1 MD, 2011
Hants BNJ 2013, 29
398 Danebury Epaticcus ad 30–45 Incomplete; IARCH-659E4A; 9 AV; 98 AR 107 1 MD, 1983
(Nether Wallop), (3) de J 95
Hants
399 Hurstbourne Epaticcus ad 30–45 Issue; (2) IARCH-248D94; 4 AR 4 MD, 1985
Tarrant II, Hants de J 104
400 Bentworth, Epaticcus ad 30–45 Incomplete; IARCH-79FC47; 76 AV 76 Agric, 1870
Hants (2) de J 91
401 Selsey 1873, Epaticcus ad 30–45 Incomplete; IARCH-9C57BA; 285 AV; 8 AR 293 Other, 1873
402 Savernake 1857, CARA ad 30–45 Incomplete; IARCH-DCEB9E; 14 AV; 10 AR 1 25 1 Agric, 1857
Wilts [TACUS] (2) Rob. 10; de J 284
403 Stonea Grange, AVN COST ad 30–50 Incomplete; IARCH-23D07E; 9 AR 9 MD, 1979
West Fen (2) de J 19.2
(March), Cambs
404 Keyworth AVN COST ad 30–50 Issue; (4) IARCH-42C2D8; 2 AV 2 MD, 2000
(Nottingham), de J 212
Notts
405 Scampston, AVN COST ad 30–50 Issue; (3) IARCH-E34604; 3 AR 3 MD, 1998
North Yorks de J 297
406 Skidby, East DVMNOCO ad 30–50 Incomplete; IARCH-A3CD92; 13 AV 13 MD, 2006
Yorks TIGIR SENO (2) de J 295
407 Tissington IISVPRASV ad 30–50 Issue; (4) IARCH-9F464A; 6 AV; 14 AR 3 23 1 MD, 2013
(Derbys Dales; BNJ 2014, 9
Dovedale),
Derbys
408 Grasby (Caistor IISVPRASV ad 30–50 Issue; (4) IARCH-F54A69; 2 AR 2 MD, 2013
area), Lincs BNJ 2014, 10
409 Kirmond le Mire, IISVPRASV ad 30–50 Incomplete; IARCH-7396CB; 43 AR 43 MD, 1997
Lincs (2) de J 162
410 Nettleton I, Lincs IISVPRASV ad 30–50 Incomplete; IARCH-D0FF31; 28 AV; 204 AR 232 1 MD, 1984
(2) de J 165
411 Welton le Marsh IISVPRASV ad 30–50 Incomplete; IARCH-AA0542; 18 AV; 104 AR 122 MD, 1986
(Partney), Lincs (2) de J 167
CHECKLIST OF HOARDS
412 Silsden, IISVPRASV ad 30–50 Issue; (4) IARCH-9C03F0; 27 AV 27 1 MD, 1998

West Yorks de J 303
413 Barlings VEP CORF ad 30–50 Incomplete; IARCH-A37868; 5 AV 5 MD, 2003
(Langworth), (2) de J 163
Lincs
414 Gnosall (Stafford VEPO CORF ad 30–50 Issue; (4) IARCH-B3F61D; 4 AV 4 MD, 2012
area), Staffordshire de J 223
153
Table 2. Cont. 154
discovery
415 Whaplode Drove VOLISIOS ad 30–50 Issue; (4) IARCH-8E0A2C; 20 AV 20 MD, 2000
2000, Lincs DUMNO- de J 174
COVEROS
416 Street House area VOLISIOS ad 30–50 Issue; (4) IARCH-727E47; 2 AV 2 10 Arch, 2005
(Loftus), Teesside DUMNO-
COVEROS
417 North Dalton III VOLISIOS ad 30–50 Issue; (4) IARCH-446145; 5 AV 5 MD, 2006
(Driffield), East DUMNO- de J 294
Yorks COVEROS
418 Ulrome 2014 VOLISIOS ad 30–50 Issue; (4) IARCH-691F86; 2 AV 2 MD, 2014
(Lissett area), DUMNO- BNJ 2016, 27
East Yorks COVEROS
419 North Dalton I VOLISIOS ad 30–50 Issue; (3) IARCH-922FA8; 83 AV 83 3 MD, 2002
(Driffield), DUMNO- de J 293;
East Yorks VELLAUNOS BNJ 2016, 11
420 Ibberton, Tiberius ad 36–37 Issue; (4) IARCH-3BF7F4; 16 AR 16 1 MD, 1993
Woolland, Dorset NC 1996, 107;
CHRB X
421 Woodham Caligula ad 37–38 Issue; (4) IARCH-2CD807; 189 189 MD, 1991
Mortimer, Essex Rob. 14A;
CHRB IX
422 Bramshaw Caligula ad 37–41 Issue; (2) IARCH-1CB081; 251 AE 9 260 Arch, 1981
(Fordingbridge), de J 100
Hants
423 Honington, Caligula ad 37–41 Issue; (2) IARCH-A4F2FD; ? ? 2 Agric, 1691
Lincs Rob. 90
424 Lakenheath ECEN/ECE ad 37–50 Issue; (3) IARCH-F7bcFC; 3 AV; 410 AR 67 480 1 Agric, 1959
1959, Suffolk Rob. 15; de J 234
425 Lightcliffe, IISVPRASV ad 37–50 Incomplete; IARCH-505BED; 56 AV 38 94 1 Agric, 1828
West Yorks (2) Rob. 2, 16; de J
302
426 Rochester, Kent Potin ad ? Incomplete; IARCH-E842B2 21 AE 21 1 Arch, 1962
(1)
427 Easton 1849, Uncertain ad ? Incomplete; IARCH-29C6B2; ? Unknown,
Norfolk (1) de J 179 1849
428 Thorpe St Uncertain ad ? Incomplete; IARCH-96AD0F; ? Unknown,
Andrew, Norfolk (1) de J 201 1658

429 Liddington, Wilts Unknown ad ? Incomplete; IARCH-FF355E; 3 AV 3 Agric, 1887
(1) de J 282
430 Dewsbury 1950, Gallo–Belgic ad ? Incomplete; IARCH-CE9C99; 35 AV 35 Agric, 1950
West Yorks (1) de J 300
Period 2. 41–54
431 Chippenham Claudius 41–42 Issue; (4) IARCH-3CF1B0; 4 37 46 4 MD, 1981
1981, Cambs Rob. 17; de J 15;
B&L 49
432 Norton Subcourse, Claudius 41–42 Issue; (4) IARCH-4A1AC1; 2 AR; 1 AE 113 116 1 MD, 1982
Norfolk Rob. 25; CHRB IX
433 Sutton 1987, Claudius 41–42 Issue; (4) IARCH-BB6CBF; 217 217 1 1 MD, 1987
Suffolk Rob. 28A; CHRB IX
434 Bredgar, Kent Claudius 41–45 Issue; (4) IARCH-75460A; 34 34 1 Building, 1957
Rob. 22; B&L 332
435 Old Buckenham Claudius 41–45 Issue; (4) IARCH-457F24; 22 22 MD, 1994
(Breckland), NC 1996, 108;
Norfolk NC 1997, 18;
CHRB X; 2010
T727
436 Owermoigne, Claudius 41–50 Issue; (4) IARCH-C8E91F; 4 AR 3 8 15 MD, 2010
Dorset de J 41
437 Richborough Claudius 41–50 Issue; (3) IARCH-B19A3A; 16 16 27 1 Arch, 1924
(Pit 20), Kent Rob. 23
438 Hallaton, Leics Claudius 41–50 Issue; (4) IARCH-3DF005; 63 AV; 392 5,354 yes Arch, 2000
3E49E5; 3E963A; 4, 898 AR; 1 AE
3EAA2D; 3EC7A4;
3EFD09; 3F1FF1;
3F2FAC; 3F460E;
3F588D; 3F7088;
4E5A19; 4E6B43;
4E80D8; 4EB0E3;
de J 157
439 Sutton 2000 Claudius 46–47 Issue; (4) IARCH-301542; 1 AV 37 38 MD, 2000
(Woodbridge NC 2001, 13
area), Suffolk
440 Wortham Claudius 50–51 Imitation; IARCH-997bcE; 172 172 1 MD, 1995
(North Suffolk), (4) NC 1997, 19;
Suffolk CHRB X
441 Wanborough Claudius 50–51 Incomplete; IARCH-ABD376; 10,000 ? metal ? ? 10,000 MD, 1979
1979, Surrey (1) Rob. 46
442 Church Eaton Claudius 50–54 Issue; (4) IARCH-35B942; 88 88 MD, 2011
(Stafford area), BNJ 2013, 31
Staffordshire
443 Mattishall 2009, Claudius 51–52 Issue; (4) IARCH-FE4A8E; 16 AR 26 42 1 MD, 2009
Norfolk de J 188;
CHECKLIST OF HOARDS
BNJ 2013, 26
444 Llanellen Claudius 51–52 Issue; (2) IARCH-DECFF4; 1 1 Agric, 1961
(Llanfoist Fawr), Rob. 39; B&L 678
Monmouthshire
445 Usk (Via Claudius 51–54 Issue; (2) IARCH-A4C2C5; 6 6 Arch, 1967
Principalis), Rob. 30
Monmouthshire
155
Table 2. Cont. 156
discovery
446 Sea Mills 1920 Claudius 41–54 Imitation; IARCH-1F362A; 16 16 Building, 1920
(Stoke Bishop), (2) Rob. 33
Bristol
447 Dean Prior, Claudius 41–54 Issue; (4) IARCH-D0C29A; 4 4 MD, 2014
Devon BNJ 2016, 36
448 Exeter (St David’s) Claudius 41–54 Issue; (3) IARCH-4072D1; 22 22 11 Arch, 2008
5, Devon NC 2009, 16
449 Colchester Claudius 41–54 Issue; (2) IARCH-A0BEE4; 4 4 Arch, 1965
(Balkerne Rob. 20
Gardens),
Essex
450 Colchester Claudius 41–54 Imitation; IARCH-4D1980; 36 36 39 Building, 1866
(Christ Church), (2) Rob. 18
Essex
451 Colchester Claudius 41–54 Issue; (2) IARCH-D77965 6 6 1 Arch, 1981
(Culver St site J),
Essex
452 Colchester (High Claudius 41–54 Issue; (4) IARCH-D00411; 29 29 19 2 Arch, 2014
Street), Essex BNJ 2015, 5
453 Colchester Claudius 41–54 Imitation; IARCH-051E84 5 5 Arch, 2013
(Sheepen Road), (2)
Essex
454 Colchester Claudius 41–54 Issue; (2) IARCH-204DDE; 27 27 1 Building, 1926
(St Martin’s Rob. 19
House), Essex
455 River Colne, Claudius 41–54 Imitation; IARCH-D9419F 7 7 MD, 1985
Essex (2)
456 London Bridge Claudius 41–54 Issue; (2) IARCH-7B64B9; 17 17 1 Building, 1921
Approach 1921, Rob. 24
Greater London
457 Bloomberg Place Claudius 41–54 Issue; (2) IARCH-2D9AEF 8 8 Arch, 2010
Hoard 2 (City of
London), Greater
London (City)
458 Cordwainer Claudius 41–54 Issue; (3) IARCH-CB1DB1 7 7 Arch, 1990
(City of London),
Greater London
(City)
459 Ashwell 2004, Claudius 41–54 Imitation; IARCH-332AC7 8 8 Arch, 2004
Herts (4)
460 Greenhithe, Claudius 41–54 Incomplete; IARCH-48D50B; 2 2 1 Gardening,
Kent (2) Rob. 34 1894
461 Timberland, Claudius 41–54 Unc/ IARCH-93C805; 1,400 1,400 1 Agric, 1808
Lincs disputed; Rob. 36
(1)
462 Minster Lovell, Claudius 41–54 Issue; (2) IARCH-8ADCD7; 24 24 Unknown,
Oxon Rob. 26 1881
463 North Leigh Claudius 41–54 Incomplete; IARCH-3996C2; 25 25 Unknown,
(Wilcote) 1900, (1) Rob. 26A 1900
Oxon
464 Leigh House Claudius 41–54 Issue; (2) IARCH-4Bbc9F; ? ? 1 Gardening,
(Winsham), Rob. 27; B&L 519 1831
Somerset
465 Nunney, Claudius 41–54 Issue; (3) IARCH-461BFD; 10 AV; 232 AR 3 5 250 1 1 Agric, 1860
Somerset Rob. 37; de J 221
466 Santon Claudius 41–54 Issue; (3) IARCH-7B1EC9; 107 AR 2 109 2 Agric, 1868
Downham, Rob. 28; de J 239
Suffolk
467 Mancetter, Claudius 41–54 Imitation; IARCH-A5B0C3; 16 16 1 1 Other, 1960
Warks (3) Rob. 29
468 Worcester 1963, Claudius 41–54 Imitation; IARCH-83CC8E; 10 10 Arch, 1963
Worcs (3) Rob. 31
469 Usk (HMB I), Claudius 41–54 Imitation; IARCH-E4C1D9; 7 7 Arch, 1973
Monmouthshire (3) Rob. 32
470 Llanhamlach Claudius 41–54 Issue; (3) IARCH-E85998; 17 40 57 18 MD, 1999
(Llanfrynach), NC 2001, 12
Powys
Period 3. 54–68
471 Eriswell 1972, Nero 54–55 Issue; (4) IARCH-89CA85; 255 AR 72 327 1 Building, 1972
Suffolk Rob. 45; de J 228
472 Joist Fen, Suffolk Nero 57–58 Incomplete; IARCH-2FEA8A; 73 AR 14 87 Agric, 1958
(2) Rob. 1; de J 232
473 Leintwardine, Nero 58–59 Issue; (4) IARCH-4DAE6F; 23 23 MD, 2012
Herefs BNJ 2013, 32;
BNJ 2014, 12
474 Scole 1982, Nero 60–61 Issue; (4) IARCH-79A0A0; 202 AR 87 289 1 Building, 1982
Norfolk Rob. 44; de J 193
475 Needham, Nero 63–64 Issue; (4) IARCH-570851; 29 29 MD/arch, 1992
CHRB X
476 Warmington Nero 63–64 Issue; (4) IARCH-EF70E8; 1,153 1,153 1 MD, 2008
(South Warks), NC 2009, 17;
CHECKLIST OF HOARDS
Warks BNJ 2013, 33;

BNJ 2014, 13
477 Selby Common, Nero 64–66 Issue; (3) IARCH-6487B0; 8 6 14 MD, 1997
North Yorks NC 1999, 13
478 East Bergholt, Nero 64–68 Issue; (4) SF-Dbc91E; 2 2 MD, 2015
Suffolk BNJ 2016, 39
157
Table 2. Cont. 158
discovery
479 Bloomberg Place Nero 65–65 Issue; (2) IARCH-88C596 2 7 9 2 Arch, 2010
Hoard 1 (City of
London), Greater
London (City)
480 Watling Court Nero 65–66 Issue; (3) IARCH-E454D5; 12 12 1 Building, 1980
(City of London), Rob. 43; CHRB IV
Greater London
(City)
481 West Smithfield, Nero 66–67 Issue; (4) IARCH-C626EB; 1 22 23 Arch, 1989
Greater London CHRB X
482 Gedgrave Nero 66–67 Issue; (3) IARCH-BB6972; 4 AR; 1 AE 1 6 MD, 2005
(Orford), Suffolk SF–0891FB;
de J 238; BNJ 2012,
22; BNJ 2014, 7;
BNJ 2016, 28 and
38
483 Ulverston, Nero 54–68 Incomplete; IARCH-2C1F70; 3 3 Unknown,
Cumbria (1) B&L 127 1534
484 Paignton, Devon Nero 54–68 Incomplete; IARCH-BEA934; 36 36 Unknown,
(1) Rob. 47 1978
485 King William Nero 54–68 Issue; (2) IARCH-1C1DF3; 91 91 1 Building, 1845
Street (City of Rob. 42
London),
Greater London
(City)
486 Bitterne 1900, Nero 54–68 Issue; (2) IARCH-97216D; 6 6 Unknown,
Hants Rob. 41 1900
487 Beaney Institute Nero 54–68 Incomplete; IARCH-A32DCF 1 9 10 Arch, 2010
(Westgate), Kent (2)
488 Leicester Nero 54–68 Issue; (3) IARCH-F9D65D 3 3 Arch, 1999
(Humberstone),
Leics
489 Hardingstone Nero 54–68 Incomplete; IARCH-FB066A; 1+ ? Agric, 1700
1700, Northants (1) Rob. 48
490 Leeds 1923 Nero 54–68 Incomplete; IARCH-3B5D03; 40 40 Gardening,
(Middleton), (1) Rob. 49 1923
West Yorks
491 Mydroilyn Nero 54–68 Incomplete; IARCH-8F9645; 2 2 Other, 1900
(Llanarth), (2) G&W 680
Ceredigion
492 St Levan V, Galba 68–69 Issue; (4) CORN-D6A344; 19 AV; ; 1 AE; 18 40 MD, 2015
Cornwall BNJ 2017 2 ? metal
493 Chesterfield (Old Galba 68–69 Issue; (3) IARCH-5586F1 11 11 MD, 2004
Whittington),
Derbys
494 Coddenham 2001 Galba 68–69 Issue; (4) IARCH-4DA291 4 4 MD, 2001
(near Ipswich) ,
Suffolk
495 Glamis, Angus Galba 68–69 Incomplete; Rob. 50 ? ? Arch, 1707
(1)
496 Waterhouses I, Otho 69 Issue; (4) IARCH-6EA4D9 3 3 MD, 2008
Staffordshire
497 Wauchope Bridge, Otho 69 Incomplete; Rob. 51; B&L 753 1 2 3 Other, 1796
Scottish Borders (1)
498 Uncertain 1987, Vitellius 69 Issue; (2) IARCH-F5CBA1 7 7 MD, 1987
North Yorks
Period 4. 69–96
499 Lime Street 2002 Vespasian 70 Incomplete; IARCH-793CD8 10 10 Arch, 2002
(City of London), (1)
Greater London
(City)
500 Warmington Vespasian 70–71 Issue; (3) WMID–7AECFC; 440 440 Arch, 2015
2015, Warks BNJ 2017
501 Standish 2000a, Vespasian 71 Issue; (4) IARCH-9B9F9C; 3 3 MD, 2000
Glos NC 2005, 25
502 Hoveringham Vespasian 71 Issue; (4) IARCH-D238DB; 4 4 MD, 1998
1998, Notts NC 1999, 14
503 Southwark Vespasian 72 Issue; (3) IARCH-3B8E92; 17 17 Building, 1902
(Tube), Greater Rob. 54
London
504 Baylham Mill Vespasian 72 Issue; (3) IARCH-5FC206; 2 2 Arch, 1956
(Coddenham), B&L 549A
Suffolk
505 Honley (Holme Vespasian 72 Issue; (3) IARCH-C9CD87; 5 AR 13 5 23 4 1 Other, 1893
Valley), Rob. 55
West Yorks
506 Exeter Vespasian 72–73 Issue; (3) IARCH-33EE7C; 11 11 Arch, 1973
(St David’s) 4, Rob. 52
Devon
507 Lincoln (Castle Vespasian 72–73 Issue; (3) IARCH-D6D82B; 11 11 Building, 1957
Hill), Lincs Rob. 53
508 Leafield 1858 Vespasian 72–73 Issue; (3) IARCH-C0ED8B; 1 AE 4 5 1 Other, 1858
CHECKLIST OF HOARDS
(Wychwood), Rob. 71
Oxon
509 Brough, Titus 72–81 Incomplete; IARCH-8E719B; ? ? 1 Building, 1780
Cumbria (1) Rob. 78
510 Hemel Hempstead Vespasian 73 Issue; (3) IARCH-CCDBFB; 19 19 Unknown,
(Gadebridge Park) Rob. 67 1851
1851, Herts
159
Table 2. Cont. 160
discovery
511 Penbryn, Vespasian 74 Incomplete; IARCH-D2C443; 1 ? ? 1 1 Other, 1841

Ceredigion (1) Rob. 77; B&L 669
512 Caerleon Vespasian 74 Issue; (3) IARCH-70FD85; 5 5 Arch, 1939
(Trench 11, Rob. 62; B&L 686
Myrtle Cottage),
Newport
513 York (Blake Street), Vespasian 74 Issue; (3) IARCH-A99CC7; 35 35 Arch, 1975
City of York Rob. 57
514 Plumbley Vespasian 74 Issue; (4) IARCH-31A35A; 5 5 MD, 2012
(Mosborough), BNJ 2013, 35
South Yorks
515 Springhead Vespasian 75 Issue; (4) IARCH-229A0B; 5 5 Arch, 1976
1976, Kent Rob. 60; B&L 336
516 Annesley, Vespasian 75 Issue; (3) IARCH-F7E40C; 5 5 MD, 2003
Notts NC 2008, 10
517 Shenstone 2001 Domitian 75 Issue; (4) IARCH-292F06; 2 94 96 MD, 2001
(Tamworth area), B&L 530
Staffordshire
518 Binnington Vespasian 75–76 Issue; (3) IARCH-A3C033; 12 12 1 Agric, 1874
(West Ayton), Rob. 74
North Yorks
519 Beal Point (Kyloe), Vespasian 76 Issue; (4) IARCH-7485F5; 5 5 MD, 2005
Northumberland NC 2006, 9
520 Checkendon I, Vespasian 76 Issue; (4) SUR-CDC775; 2 AV; 5 AR 2 9 MD, 2014
Oxon BNJ 2016, 40
521 Birmingham Vespasian 76 Incomplete; IARCH-51F806; ? ? Gardening,
(Edgbaston), (1) Rob. 83 = 1824 1816
West Midlands
522 Chester (Garden Vespasian 77–78 Issue; (3) IARCH-DC12ED; 4 4 1 Building, 1886
Quarter), Rob. 58
Cheshire
523 Carlisle Vespasian 77–78 Issue; (3) IARCH-F2AD3F; 7 7 Unknown,
(Stanwix), Rob. 59 1965
Cumbria
524 Budge Row (City Vespasian 77–78 Issue; (3) IARCH-5D9982; 74 74 Building, 1958
of London), Rob. 69
Greater London
(City)
525 Sarratt (Dacorum), Vespasian 77–78 Issue; (4) IARCH-39115E; 4 4 MD, 2014
Herts BNJ 2015, 6
526 Upton, Notts Vespasian 77–78 Incomplete; IARCH-11C037; 20 20 4 1 Agric, 1709
(1) Rob. 79
527 Elginhaugh, Vespasian 77–78 Issue; (4) Rob. 63 41 41 Arch, 1986
Midlothian
528 Usk (Unstratified), Vespasian 77–78 Issue; (2) IARCH-713A68; 4 4 Arch, 1968
Monmouthshire Rob. 61
529 Shillington A, Vespasian 78–79 Issue; (4) IARCH-6386F3; 127 127 MD, 1998
Beds B&L 13
530 Overley Hill Vespasian 79–79 Issue; (4) IARCH-3073bc; 1 13 14 MD, 1990
(Wrockwardine), B&L 506, CHRB X
Salop
531 Nether Stowey, Vespasian 79 Issue; (4) SOM-BED456; 3 3 MD, 2015
Somerset BNJ 2016, 41
532 Penzance Vespasian 69–79 Issue; (3) IARCH-39C68D; 2 2 1 Other, 1899
(Cemetery), Penhallurick 182
Cornwall
533 Church Brough, Vespasian 69–79 Incomplete; IARCH-2A32B5; ? ? 1 Unknown,
Cumbria (1) Rob. 73 1760
534 Little Chester Vespasian 69–79 Incomplete; IARCH-F285A5; 80 80 1 Building, 1887
(Darley) I, Derbys (2) Rob. 64
535 Christow, Devon Vespasian 69–79 Incomplete; IARCH-ADF982; ? ? ? 1 Unknown,
(1) Rob. 80; B&L 145 1891
536 Exeter (Taphouse Vespasian 69–79 Incomplete; IARCH-246EE6; 40 40 Unknown,
Rd.), Devon (1) Rob. 65 1891
537 Bournemouth Vespasian 69–79 Issue; (2) IARCH-F1FA2B 20 20 Unknown,
(Westby Road), 1910
Dorset
538 Bocking 1834, Vespasian 69–79 Incomplete; IARCH-37C0F8; ? 1 Unknown, 1834
Essex (1) Rob. 81
539 Heybridge 1913, Vespasian 69–79 Incomplete; IARCH-6EE937; ? ? ? 1 Other, 1913
Essex (1) Rob. 66
540 Hillingdon Vespasian 69–79 Incomplete; IARCH-910999; 13 13 Unknown,
(Northwood), (1) Rob. 70 1952
Greater London
541 Great Chart, Vespasian 69–79 Issue; (4) IARCH-8C441C; 1 AV; 2 AR 6 9 MD, 2011
Kent BNJ 2013, 34
542 Over Kellet Vespasian 69–79 Issue; (3) IARCH-AD7C92; 10 10 MD, 2008
(Carnforth area), NC 2009, 18
Lancs
543 Scarisbrick, Lancs Vespasian 69–79 Incomplete; IARCH-1F8AA3; ? ? ? Unknown,
(1) Rob. 68 1655
544 Brean 1870, Vespasian 69–79 Incomplete; IARCH-866EC1; 5 5 1 Agric, 1870
Somerset (1) Rob. 72; B&L 517
CHECKLIST OF HOARDS
545 Little Somerford, Vespasian 69–79 Incomplete; IARCH-E73F98; 30 30 Other, 1888

Wilts (1) Rob. 85
546 Littlecote Villa Vespasian 69–79 Incomplete; IARCH-648462; ? 1 Other, 1730
(Ramsbury), Wilts (1) Rob. 84
161
Table 2. Cont. 162
discovery
547 Gilling Vespasian 69–79 Issue; (2) IARCH-9A61A1; 14 14 Unknown,

(Richmond), Rob. 56 1867
North Yorks
548 Llanenddwyn, Vespasian 69–79 Incomplete; IARCH-7E9475; ? ? 5 Unknown,
Dyffryn Ardudwy, (1) Rob. 75 1848
Gwynedd
549 Llanddewi Velfrey, Vespasian 69–79 Incomplete; IARCH-4B4539; ? ? 2 Unknown,
Pembrokeshire (1) Rob. 76 1693
550 Llanymynech Vespasian 69–79 Incomplete; IARCH-5706C0; ? 2 Other, 1869
(Carreghofa) (1) Rob. 82
1869, Powys
551 Beck Row 1979, Titus 79–79 Issue; (3) IARCH-3F863B; 277 277 MD, 1979
Suffolk Rob. 86
552 Queens Park Titus 79–81 Issue; (2) IARCH-28D9CF; 2 2 1 1 MD, 1980
(near Bedford), Rob. 87
Beds
553 Ribchester 1920, Titus 79–81 Issue; (2) IARCH-5CFA5D; 5 5 Arch, 1920
Lancs Rob. 89
554 Yscir, Powys Titus 79–81 Issue; (4) IARCH-DA7F11; 4 4 MD, 2009
BNJ 2012, 12
555 Garton, Titus 80 Issue; (4) LANCUM-E3BE5C, ? MD, 2015
East Yorks LANCUM-CE56B1
and PUBLIC-
084958; BNJ 2017
556 Brearton, Titus 80 Issue; (4) IARCH-ECA995; 2 2 MD, 2012
North Yorks BNJ 2013, 36
557 Verulamium Titus 80–81 Issue; (3) IARCH-D36254; 3 3 Arch, 1957
(Insula XIV, Rob. 88
Room 33), Herts
558 Uncertain, Salop Titus 80–81 Issue; (4) BNJ 2016, 42 90 90 MD, 2014
559 Charlton Flavian 69–81 Incomplete; IARCH-41EE4A; ? ? Agric, 1720
(Newbottle), (uncertain) (1) Rob. 1781;
Northants B&L 452
560 Weybread Domitian 82–83 Issue; (4) IARCH-AF7971; 208 208 1 MD, 2009
(North Suffolk), NC 2010
Suffolk
561 Skellow 1995 Domitian 82–83 Issue; (4) IARCH-614BA0; 267 267 1 MD, 1995
(Askern Spa), NC 1997, 26;
South Yorks CHRB X
562 Wanborough Domitian 85 Issue; (2) IARCH-E3821C; 9 9 Arch, 1997
1997, Surrey HER 2343
563 Timsbury 1907, Domitian 86 Issue; (2) IARCH-63686C; 18 AE 43 61 1 Unknown,
Hants Rob. 92 1907
564 Howe, Norfolk Domitian 87 Issue; (4) IARCH-D13A1F; 15 133 148 MD, 1981
Rob. 94; B&L 443
565 Llanfaethlu, Isle Domitian 87 Issue; (3) IARCH-8884DC; 32 17 49 Building, 1870
of Anglesey Rob. 96
566 Verulamium Domitian 90 Issue; (2) IARCH-DA330F; 4 4 7 1 Arch, 1984
(St Stephens Rob. 93
Cemetery), Herts
567 Orpington (Cray Uncertain – 90–91 Incomplete; IARCH-5F47B9 ? ? MD, 1984
Valley East), 1st/2nd (1)
Greater London Century ad
568 Chatteris 1981, Domitian 91 Issue; (4) IARCH-670E30; 1 AV; 8 AR 1 14 24 MD, 1981
Cambs Rob. 98; de J 14
569 Bronyscawen, Domitian 91 Incomplete; IARCH-F9bc09; 200 200 2 Other, 1692
Llanboidy, (2) Rob. 104
Carmarthenshire
570 Cirencester Domitian 93–94 Issue; (4) IARCH-94B189; 22 22 Arch, 1975
(King Street), Rob. 91
Glos
571 Lavenham Domitian 93–94 Issue; (4) SF-3ADDFD; 3 3 MD, 2014
2014, Suffolk BNJ 2016, 43
572 Shap, Cumbria Domitian 81–96 Issue; (2) IARCH-2000BD; 19 580 599 Building, 1830
Rob. 103; B&L 126
573 Wareham III, Domitian 81–96 Incomplete; IARCH-2EC616; 40 40 Building, 1850
Dorset (2)
574 Colchester Domitian 81–96 Issue; (3) IARCH-8131E4 4 ? metal 3 7 6 Arch, 1935
(Sheepen Farm
Temple) II, Essex
575 Manchester Domitian 81–96 Incomplete; IARCH-7A28A0; 10 189 1 200 Building, 1840
(Trafford Street), (1) Rob. 106; B&L 412
Greater
Manchester
576 Lancaster Domitian 81–96 Incomplete; IARCH-9E292C; ? Building, 1775
(Duke’s), Lancs (1) Rob. 99
577 Leicester (High Domitian 81–96 Incomplete; IARCH-9AC125; ? 1 Building, 1805
Cross St), Leics (1) Rob. 107
578 Askham, Notts Domitian 81–96 Incomplete; IARCH-6D28A7; 14 14 1 Other, 1850
(1) Rob. 100
579 Goring, Oxon Domitian 81–96 Incomplete; IARCH-F1F6AB; 5 5 3 Unknown,
(2) Rob. 101 1930
580 Alton, Domitian 81–96 Issue; (2) IARCH-C41E2A; 3 3 Agric, 1725
Staffordshire Rob. 102; B&L 527
CHECKLIST OF HOARDS
581 Callingwood Domitian 81–96 Issue; (2) IARCH-26872D; 32 32 1 Unknown,

(Tatenhill), Rob. 95; B&L 528 1786
Staffordshire
582 Gateshead 1, Domitian 81–96 Incomplete; IARCH-35668F; ? ? Unknown, 1790
Tyne and Wear (1) Rob. 107A
163
Table 2. Cont. 164
discovery
583 Easton Grey, Domitian 81–96 Unverified; IARCH-177B2E 9 9 Unknown,

Wilts (1) 1922
584 Broomholm, Domitian 81–96 Ruler; (1) Rob. 97; B&L 714 7 7 Other, 1782
Langholm,
Dumfries and
Galloway
585 Dynevor Castle Domitian 81–96 Incomplete; IARCH-C14EF3; ? ? 1 Gardening,
(1) Rob. 108 1800
586 Pennal, Gwynedd Domitian 81–96 Incomplete; IARCH-4F0B4A; ? ? 1 Unknown,
(1) Rob. 12 1693
Period 5. 96–117
587 Froxfield I, Nerva 96–97 Issue; (3) HAMP–5282F7; 2 2 MD, 2015
Hants BNJ 2017
588 Shorwell II, Nerva 96–97 Issue; (3) IARCH-2B739D; 74 74 3 MD, 2006
Isle of Wight NC 2007, 17
589 Froxfield II, Nerva 96–98 Issue; (4) HAMP-5282F7 2 2 MD, 2015
Hants
590 Mereclough Nerva 98–98 Incomplete; IARCH-AECED5; 22 22 Unknown,
(Cliviger), Lancs (2) Rob. 109 1695
591 Corbridge 1914, Trajan 98–98 Issue; (3) IARCH-B8930D; 32 12 44 Arch, 1914
Northumberland Rob. 111
592 Holt, Wrexham Trajan 98–99 Issue; (3) IARCH-420F1F; 14 14 Arch, 1907
Rob. 124
593 Saham Toney Trajan 98–111 Issue; (2) IARCH-2013B9; 2 2 MD, 2003
(Watton area), TAR 2003, 360
Norfolk
594 Caerleon Trajan 100 Issue; (3) IARCH-E99550; 7 3 10 Arch, 1926
(Barracks: Room Rob. 114
34), Newport
595 Drymen, Trajan 100 Issue; (3) B&L 755–6 2 2 Other, 1771
Stirlingshire
596 Bulwick, Trajan 101–102 Issue; (2) IARCH-1F716C; 100 100 1 Unknown,
Northants Rob. 116 1878
597 Dodcott cum Trajan 103–111 Incomplete; IARCH-AF4173; 3 3 MD, 2007
Wilkesley (2) NC 2009, 19.
(Whitchurch
area), Cheshire
598 Warkworth, Trajan 103–111 Issue; (4) IARCH-E18E7B; 20 20 MD, 2008
Northants NC 2011
599 Armthorpe, Trajan 103–111 Issue; (2) IARCH-F48FCF; 7 7 Other, 1972
South Yorks Rob. 121
600 Oughtbridge Trajan 103–111 Incomplete; IARCH-78155F; 5 5 Other, 1931
(Bradfield), (2) Rob. 123
South Yorks
601 Newstead 1986, Trajan 103–111 Issue; (3) Rob. 126 4 4 Fieldwalking,
Scottish Borders 1986
602 Great Ellingham, Trajan 103–117 Ruler; (3) NMS-3BE0BD 4 4 MD, 2015
Norfolk
603 Sidlesham 2007 Trajan 103–117 Issue; (3) IARCH-1300F5; 3 3 MD, 2007
(Selsey area), NC 2008, 12
West Sussex
604 Lavenham 1874, Trajan 105–117 Incomplete; IARCH-630CB4; 197 197 1 Agric, 1874
Suffolk (2) Rob. 120
605 Caerleon (Fortress Trajan 107–107 Issue; (4) IARCH-902971; 7 7 Arch, 1964
Baths), Newport Rob. 114A
606 St Levan IV, Trajan 110–111 Issue; (4) CORN-DA8E3B; 11 11 MD, 2015
Cornwall CORN-192E74:
CORN-19554C:
CORN-195E38:
CORN-1B7429;
BNJ 2017
607 Lubbesthorpe, Trajan 112–117 Issue; (4) IARCH-7F242A 5 5 MD, 2005
Leics
608 Verulamium Trajan 112–117 Issue; (3) IARCH-8CbcBB; 50 50 Arch, 1958
(Insula XIV), Rob. 110
Herts
609 Headingley, Trajan 112–117 Incomplete; IARCH-A70E1F; 7 7 1 Building, 1846
610 Hatfield, Trajan 114–117 Issue; (4) IARCH-E65A60; 2 2 MD, 2007
East Yorks NC 2009, 20
611 Muirhouses Trajan 114–117 Issue; (3) RCS 12, p. 163 3 3 MD, 2004
(Carriden),
West Lothian
612 St Levan 2015a, Trajan 98–117 Ruler; (2) CORN-DA8E3B 12 12 MD, 2015
Cornwall
613 Nether Denton, Trajan 98–117 Incomplete; IARCH-950C64; 16 22 38 Building, 1870
Cumbria (4) Rob. 1725
614 Morchard Bishop, Trajan 98–117 Incomplete; IARCH-9D9024; 4 4 Agric, 1813
Devon (1) Rob. 115
615 Higham on the Trajan 98–117 Issue; (2) IARCH-FE4E39; 2 2 Other, 1607
Hill, Leics Rob. 127
616 Selston, Notts Trajan 98–117 Issue; (2) IARCH-8776DA; ? ? 1 Agric, 1830
CHECKLIST OF HOARDS
Rob. 117
617 Norton Trajan 98–117 Issue; (3) IARCH-C18DD5 3 3 3 Other, 1862
(Wroxeter), Salop
618 Limpsfield 1865, Trajan 98–117 Incomplete; IARCH-7C7DAC 3 3 Gardening,
Surrey (1) 1865
619 Wallsend, Trajan 98–117 Issue; (3) IARCH-B03C54; 14 14 Arch, 1895
Tyne and Wear Rob. 112
165
Table 2. Cont. 166
discovery
620 Baginton, Warks Trajan 98–117 Issue; (2) IARCH-70ECCD; 23 14 37 Arch, 1969
Rob. 113
621 Warwick, Warks Trajan 98–117 Incomplete; IARCH-7ED2A2 8 500 508 Unknown,
(1) 1646
622 Wednesbury Trajan 98–117 Issue; (2) IARCH-190C7B; ? Unknown,
(Princes End), Rob. 119 1817
West Midlands
623 Flower Hill, near Trajan 98–117 Incomplete; Rob. 128; Bateson 300 300 Unknown,
Bushmills, (1) 1973, 5 1827
Co Antrim
624 Birrenswark, Trajan 98–117 Ruler; (1) Rob. 125 5 5 Other, 1724
Dumfries and
Galloway
625 Esgyryn, Conwy Trajan 98–117 Issue; (2) IARCH-84C360; 4 4 2 1 Unknown,
G&W 914 1980
626 Caerleon Trajan 98–117 Issue; (3) IARCH-BB7AD6; 5 5 Arch, 1983
(Bulmore), G&W 183
Newport
627 Caerleon (Prsyg Trajan 98–117 Issue; (2) IARCH-22FD32; 1 2 3 Arch, 1927
Barrack 3ii), G&W 195
Newport
Period 6. 117–138
628 Dymock 2006, Hadrian 118 Issue; (4) IARCH-8F3D36; 2 2 MD, 2006
Glos NC 2007, 17
629 Verulamium Hadrian 118 Incomplete; IARCH-214946; 41 41 Building, 1932
(St Albans, Beech (2) Rob. 145
Bottom Dyke),
Herts
630 Lancaster (Wery Hadrian 118 Incomplete; IARCH-BF0460; 100 100 1 Building, 1856
Wall), Lancs (2) Rob. 147
631 Spixworth Hadrian 119–121 Issue; (4) IARCH-CB25EC; 18 18 MD, 2008
(Broadland), NC 2011
Norfolk
632 St Helens , Hadrian 119–121 Issue; (4) IARCH-840690; 92 92 1 MD, 1989
(Hastings I), Rob. 139A;
East Sussex CHRB IX

633 Corbridge Hadrian 119–122 Issue; (3) IARCH-540bcD; 6 6 Arch, 1965
(Hoard 11), Rob. 135B
Northumberland
634 Wall, Hadrian 119–122 Issue; (4) IARCH-9DF106; 2 2 MD, 2002
Staffordshire NC 2005, 26
635 Zeals (Mere), Hadrian 119–122 Issue; (4) SOM–898D5B; 7 7 MD, 2015
Wilts BNJ 2016, 44
636 Creetown, Hadrian 119–122 Issue; (2) 14 14 MD, 2016
Dumfries and
Galloway
637 Brecon Gaer Hadrian 119–122 Issue; (3) IARCH-AC17B4; 9 9 Arch, 1924
(Yscir), Powys Rob. 160
638 St Helens , Hadrian 119–124 Issue; (4) IARCH-416DA0; 59 59 1 MD, 1989
(Hastings II), Rob. 139A
East Sussex
639 Birdoswald 1930, Hadrian 119–125 Issue; (3) IARCH-C2B8BB; 30 30 1 1 Arch, 1930
Cumbria Rob. 131
640 Birdoswald 1949, Hadrian 119–125 Issue; (3) IARCH-5F4993; 28 28 1 Building, 1949
Cumbria Rob. 132
641 Lathom South Hadrian 119–125 Incomplete; IARCH-59A125; 125 125 Other, 1949
(Ormskirk), Lancs (2) Rob. 135
642 Westmeston 1985, Hadrian 119–125 Issue; (4) IARCH-B8bc00; 9 9 MD, 1985
East Sussex Rob. 140
643 Boston Spa, Hadrian 119–125 Incomplete; IARCH-F13A04; 173 173 1 Other, 1848
West Yorks (3) Rob. 154; CHRB X
644 Ashwell (Context Hadrian 119–128 Issue; (4) IARCH-49080C 1 AR; 6 AE 3 10 7 Arch, 2002
203), Herts
645 Thorngrafton, Hadrian 119–128 Issue; (2) IARCH-21DCCB; 3 60 63 63 1 Other, 1837
Northumberland Rob. 137; B&L 481
646 Dolgellau, Hadrian 119–128 Incomplete; IARCH-77CDD6; 2 2 Unknown,
Gwynedd (2) Rob. 162 1650
647 Roustage, Hadrian 119–138 Issue; (2) IARCH-525070; 5 5 Unknown,
Leafield, Oxon Rob. 152 1858
648 Kington, Herefs Hadrian 121–122 Issue; (4) IARCH-168938; 14 14 MD, 2013
BNJ 2014, 14; B
NJ 2015, 7
649 Colchester Hadrian 121–124 Issue; (4) IARCH-4D6791 43 43 Arch, 2004
(Garrison Urban
Village), Essex
650 Edgefield, Hadrian 121–127 Issue; (3) IARCH-F51407; 17 17 MD, 2013
Norfolk BNJ 2015, 8
651 Shillington B, Hadrian 125–128 Issue; (4) IARCH-B9693E; 18 18 MD, 1998
Beds NC 1999, 15;
NC 2000, 21 and
22; CHRB XI
652 Middlewich, Hadrian 125–128 Issue; (4) IARCH-2E2485; 30 30 MD, 1998
CHECKLIST OF HOARDS
Cheshire NC 1999, 17.

653 Corbridge Hadrian 125–128 Issue; (3) IARCH-7A462A; 1 7 8 Arch, 1911
(Site XXVIII), Rob. 136; B&L 477
Northumberland
654 Great Chesters Hadrian 125–128 Issue; (2) IARCH-47F7EB; 10 10 Arch, 1895
1895, Rob. 149
Northumberland
167
Table 2. Cont. 168
discovery
655 Mapledurham Hadrian 125–138 Incomplete; IARCH-46F339; 4 4 Other, 1910

1910, Oxon (2) Rob. 151
656 Caversham Hadrian 128–138 Issue; (3) IARCH-10AE37; 5 5 Building, 1926
Bridge, Berks Rob. 144
657 Barlborough, Hadrian 128–138 Issue; (3) SWYOR–9A0FFD; 6 6 MD, 2015
Derbys BNJ 2016, 45
658 Waddington, Hadrian 128–138 Issue; (4) IARCH-610EB2; 30 30 MD, 1989
Lancs Rob. 135A;
CHRB IX
659 Wendlebury, Hadrian 128–138 Issue; (3) IARCH-A30304; 63 26 89 1 MD, 2000
Oxon NC 2001, 15;
NC 2003, 2;
BNJ 2012, 14.
660 Washington, Hadrian 128–138 Issue; (4) IARCH-448744; 8 8 MD/arch, 1992
West Sussex CHRB X
661 Kenilworth Hadrian 128–138 Issue; (3) IARCH-4A9528 3 3 MD, 2003
2003, Warks
662 Morton Bagot, Hadrian 128–138 Issue; (4) IARCH-C95C8D 2 2 MD, 2010
Warks
663 How Stean Gorge, Hadrian 128–138 Issue; (2) IARCH-2C9A75; 25 4 29 Other, 1868
North Yorks Rob. 156
664 Cookridge, Hadrian 128–138 Issue; (2) IARCH-735B85; 17 1 18 Agric, 1708
West Yorks Rob. 157
665 Dewsbury 1925, Hadrian 128–138 Issue; (3) IARCH-B3FFB4; 26 26 1 Gardening,
1925
West Yorks Rob. 155
666 North Elmsall, Hadrian 128–138 Issue; (3) SWYOR-15B0A4; 10 10 MD, 2015
West Yorks BNJ 2016, 47
667 Mallerstang, Hadrian 133–138 Issue; (3) IARCH-9AEB4F; 138 138 Other, 1926
Cumbria Rob. 141
668 Weston, Hadrian 134–138 Issue; (3) IARCH-A57163; 12 12 2 MD, 1982
Cheshire Rob. 130
669 Chester 1724, Hadrian 134–138 Issue; (2) IARCH-B301E2; 8 8 Unknown,
Cheshire Rob. 129 1724
670 Strouden Park, Hadrian 134–138 Issue; (3) IARCH-4C0CA5; 79 AR; 526 AE 18 54 677 1 Other, 1905
Holdenhurst, Rob. 134; de J 103
Dorset
671 Hucknall, Notts Hadrian 134–138 Issue; (4) IARCH-49C6E8; 24 24 MD, 2009
NC 2010
672 Petworth area, Hadrian 134–138 Issue; (4) IARCH-589200; 103 103 1 MD, 2006
West Sussex NC 2008, 13
673 Lochlands, Hadrian 134–138 Issue; (3) RCS 12, p. 163 6 6 MD, 2004
Stirlingshire
674 Swaby, Lincs Hadrian 136–138 Issue; (3) IARCH-39E8B5; 178 178 1 Agric, 1934
Rob. 165
675 Shotley 1988, Hadrian 136–138 Incomplete; IARCH-B11C50; ? MD, 1988
Suffolk (2)
676 Exbury and Lepe Hadrian 137 Issue; (3) IARCH-C0051C; 2 2 MD, 2004
(Fawley), Hants NC 2005, 28
677 Oldcastle Hadrian 137 Incomplete; IARCH-E9Dbc2; ? ? 1 Unknown,
(Crucorney), (1) Rob. 166 1754
Monmouthshire
678 Ecclefechan, Hadrian 137 Issue; (2) BNJ 2016, 49 43 43 MD, 2016
Dumfries and
Galloway
679 Bewcastle I, Hadrian 117–138 Incomplete; IARCH-E467C0; 30 30 4 Other, 1790
680 Helsington Hadrian 117–138 Issue; (4) IARCH-AbcA6A; 2 3 5 1 MD, 2011
(Kendal area), BNJ 2012, 15
Cumbria
681 Stanwix, Hadrian 117–138 Issue; (2) IARCH-966B3C; 9 9 80 Unknown,
Cumbria Rob. 132A 1930
682 Eckington, Hadrian 117–138 Issue; (4) IARCH-2EDD0A; 3 6 9 MD, 2005
Derbys NC 2006, 11
683 Wynford Eagle, Hadrian 117–138 Issue; (2) IARCH-545C2B; 5 5 Unknown,
Dorset Rob. 133 1864
684 Havenstreet Hadrian 117–138 Issue; (4) IARCH-3A8E68; 2 2 MD, 2010
and Ashey 2010, BNJ 2013, 39
Isle of Wight
685 Chorley 1825, Hadrian 117–138 Issue; (2) IARCH-84CC46; 3 3 3 Unknown, 1825
Lancs Rob. 146
686 Lathom, Lancs Hadrian 117–138 Issue; (4) IARCH-49F564; 13 1 14 1 MD/arch, 1999
NC 2001, 14
687 Barton Bendish, Hadrian 117–138 Issue; (3) IARCH-4E493B; 46 46 MD, 2003
BNJ 2014, 15
688 East Carleton I, Hadrian 117–138 Issue; (4) NMS–7029D3; 16 16 MD, 2015
Norfolk BNJ 2016, 48
689 Snettisham Hadrian 117–138 Issue; (3) IARCH-3E9AAD 13 13 MD, 2014
(North–West
Norfolk) 2014,
Norfolk
690 Belvoir, Notts Hadrian 117–138 Incomplete; IARCH-7A1165; ? Unknown,
(1) Rob. 148 1787
CHECKLIST OF HOARDS
691 Calverton 1677, Hadrian 117–138 Incomplete; IARCH-29414B; 200 200 1 Unknown,
Notts (1) Rob. 150 1677
692 Wroxeter (Site Hadrian 117–138 Issue; (2) IARCH-C98844; ? ? ? Arch, 1914
VIa), Salop Rob. 138–9
693 Wroxeter (Site Hadrian 117–138 Issue; (2) IARCH-1FD105; ? ? ? 1 Arch, 1914
VIb), Salop Rob. 138–9
169
Table 2. Cont. 170
discovery
694 Old Cleeve, Hadrian 117–138 Issue; (2) IARCH-943E07 1 7 8 1 Agric, 1847
Somerset
695 Kingston (Near Hadrian 117–138 Incomplete; IARCH-5166A7; ? 3 2 Agric, 1888
Lewes), (1) Rob. 153
East Sussex
696 Gateshead 2, Hadrian 117–138 Incomplete; IARCH-A3960A; ? 1 Unknown,
Tyne and Wear (1) Rob. 164 1790
697 Shilton, Warks Hadrian 117–138 Poor cond; IARCH-CE17BE; 6 6 MD, 2012
(2) BNJ 2013, 38
698 Dodford with Hadrian 117–138 Issue; (4) IARCH-E676CA; 3 3 MD, 2009
Grafton, Worcs NC 2010
699 Aiskew, Hadrian 117–138 Issue; (3) IARCH-C6EDEC; 6 6 MD, 1995
North Yorks NC 1997, 28;
CHRB X
700 Doncaster Hadrian 117–138 Incomplete; IARCH-BDF7AB 40 40 Building, 1963
(Bowers Fold), (1)
South Yorks
701 Tickhill 2001, Hadrian 117–138 Issue; (3) IARCH-C498CC; 3 3 MD, 2001
South Yorks NC 2003, 1
702 Worsbrough, Hadrian 117–138 Issue; (4) SWYOR-EFCB7A; 3 3 MD, 2009
South Yorks BNJ 2016, 46
703 Heptonstall, Hadrian 117–138 Issue; (2) IARCH-2162AB; 2 2 Unknown, 1770
West Yorks Rob. 155A
704 Sowerby, Hadrian 117–138 Incomplete; IARCH-A0DF49; 4 4 Unknown,
West Yorks (1) Rob. 158 1678
705 Wakefield (Ardsley Hadrian 117–138 Incomplete; IARCH-11A6E6; 11 8 19 Other, 1902
and Robin Hood), (2) Rob. 159
West Yorks
706 Wrose (Shipley), Hadrian 117–138 Incomplete; IARCH-AB2373; ? ? Unknown, 1899
707 Bray, Co Wicklow Hadrian 117–138 Ruler; (1) Rob. 143; ? Building, 1835
Bateson 1973, 6
708 Cargill, Perth Hadrian 117–138 Issue; (4) RCS 12, pp. 162–3 3 8 11 Arch, 2005
and Kinross
709 Easter Softlaw Hadrian 117–138 Ruler; (1) RCS 12, p. 165; 2 2 MD, 2003
(Kelso), Scottish Hunter 2015
Borders
710 Hermon Hadrian 117–138 Issue; (2) IARCH-5BE11E; ? ? Unknown,
(Cynwyl Elfed), Rob. 142; B&L 668 1870
Carmarthenshire
711 Caerleon (Prsyg Hadrian 117–138 Issue; (3) IARCH-3D742E; 1 2 3 Arch, 1927
Barrack 1), G&W 192
Newport
712 Ogof yr Esgyrn Hadrian 117–138 Issue; (2) IARCH-E86639; 2 4 6 1 Arch, 1938
(Tawe Uchaf) 1, Rob. 161
Powys
Period 7. 138–61
713 Climping II, Antoninus 139–140 Incomplete; IARCH-FE5743; 88 88 MD, 2000
West Sussex Pius (2) NC 2001, 16
714 Bryn Gwydion Antoninus 140–143 Issue; (3) IARCH-DAD24D; 46 46 Other, 1875
(Llanllyfni), Gwynedd Pius Rob. 171
715 Bar Hill Antoninus 140–144 Issue; (3) Rob. 206 13 13 Arch, 1902
(Kirkintilloch) Pius
1902, East
Dunbartonshire
716 Monkton Farleigh Antoninus 142–152 Unverified; IARCH-5BA902; ? ? 1 Unknown,
1826, Wilts Pius (1) Rob. 353 1826
717 Norton, Antoninus 143–144 Issue; (3) IARCH-62006B; 39 39 Building, 1963
North Yorks Pius Rob. 170
718 Monknash Antoninus 143–161 Issue; (4) IARCH-B11B80; 103 103 MD, 2000
(St Donats), Vale Pius TAR 2000, 243
of Glamorgan
719 Drumanagh, Antoninus 145–146 Issue; (4) Bland 2015c 18 18 MD, 1985
Co Dublin Pius
720 Chalfont St Giles, Antoninus 145–161 Issue; (3) IARCH-5EE49E; 40 12 52 1 Building, 1934
Bucks Pius Rob. 213
721 Little Chester Antoninus 145–161 Issue; (4) IARCH-DF7B6E; 25 25 1 Arch, 1987
(Darley) II, Pius
Derbys
722 Newton Valence, Antoninus 145–161 Issue; (4) IARCH-17010D; 8 8 MD, 2011
Hants Pius BNJ 2012, 17
723 Chatburn, Antoninus 145–161 Incomplete; IARCH-115FA0; 1,000 1,000 1 1 Building, 1778
Lancs Pius (2) Rob. 201
724 Ingoldisthorpe, Antoninus 145–161 Ruler; (2) NMS–7628C9; 14 14 MD, 2015
Norfolk Pius BNJ 2016, 53
725 Themelthorpe, Antoninus 145–161 Issue; (4) NMS–1DA3B8; 15 15 MD, 2015
Norfolk Pius BNJ 2017
726 Corbridge Antoninus 145–161 Issue; (4) IARCH-3A6FF0; 12 12 Arch, 1969
(Hoard 7), Pius Rob. 169A
Northumberland
CHECKLIST OF HOARDS
727 Shenstone 2004, Antoninus 145–161 Issue; (4) IARCH-D2CC95; 23 23 1 MD, 2004
Staffordshire Pius NC 2005, 30
728 North Cave, Antoninus 145–161 Issue; (4) IARCH-10E27D 9 9 MD, 2008
East Yorks Pius
729 Moel Famau Antoninus 145–161 Issue; (3) IARCH-BEF13C; 11 2 13 Arch, 1953
(Llanferres), Pius Rob. 196
Denbighshire
171
Table 2. Cont. 172
discovery
730 Sedgefield 2014 Antoninus 147–147 Issue; (4) DUR-3A6B13; 18 18 MD, 2014
(Layton), County Pius BNJ 2016, 50
Durham
731 Glenlochar, Antoninus 147–158 Issue; (4) BNJ 2014, 20 12 12 MD, 2013
Dumfries and Pius
Galloway
732 East Stoke, Antoninus 147–161 Issue; (4) IARCH-137A88; 33 33 MD, 1993
Dorset Pius NC 1996, 110;
CHRB X
733 Gillingham, Antoninus 147–161 Issue; (4) IARCH-AD4C9E; 11 11 MD, 2013
Dorset Pius BNJ 2014, 18
734 Little Grimsby, Antoninus 147–161 Issue; (3) IARCH-126DF9; 12 12 2 MD, 2000
Lincs Pius NC 2002, 10
735 Caerleon (Prsyg Antoninus 147–161 Issue; (3) IARCH-1B4002; 9 2 11 Arch, 1927
Barrack 2), Pius G&W 193
Newport
736 Bradenham, Antoninus 148–149 Issue; (4) IARCH-E37EA9; 4 4 MD, 2009
Norfolk Pius NC 2011
737 Benacre, Suffolk Antoninus 148–149 Incomplete; IARCH-3656E4; 920 920 1 Building, 1786
Pius (1) Rob. 208
738 Sheffield 1854 Antoninus 148–149 Incomplete; IARCH-6C79A2; 48 48 Other, 1854
(Burngreave), Pius (2) Rob. 210
South Yorks
739 Llanymynech Antoninus 148–161 Issue; (3) IARCH-653C5F; 33 33 1 Other, 1965
(Carreghofa) Pius Rob. 212
1965, Powys
740 Aitnock, Ayrshire Antoninus 150–161 Issue; (2) Rob. 184 4 4 Arch, 1918
Pius
741 Manston, Dorset Antoninus 151–152 Issue; (4) IARCH-8DC20A; 4 4 2 MD, 2001
Pius NC 2003, 3
742 Hopwas, Antoninus 151–161 Issue; (4) IARCH-3F699E; 14 14 MD, 2014
Staffordshire Pius BNJ 2016, 52
743 Chester 1883, Antoninus 152–153 Incomplete; IARCH-A29723; ? ? Building, 1883
Cheshire Pius (1) Rob. 219
744 Doncaster (High Antoninus 152–153 Issue; (3) IARCH-978434; 15 15 10 Arch, 1977
St.), South Yorks Pius Rob. 216A
745 West Wycombe I, Antoninus 152–161 Issue; (4) IARCH-758355; 18 18 MD, 2005
Bucks Pius NC 2006, 12
746 Arnside (North Antoninus 152–161 Issue; (4) IARCH-D4509F 4 8 12 2 MD, 2010
of Lancaster) I, Pius
Cumbria
747 York (Micklegate Antoninus 152–161 Incomplete; IARCH-AAC7B4; 30 30 Building, 1930
3), City of York Pius (2) Rob. 217
748 Londonthorpe, Antoninus 153–161 Issue; (3) IARCH-21CFAA; 420 420 1 Unknown,
Lincs Pius Rob. 214 1976
749 Langford, Beds Antoninus 154–155 Issue; (3) IARCH-1BFB38; 25 25 Unknown,
Pius Rob. 167 1977
750 Downton 1990, Antoninus 154–155 Issue; (4) IARCH-830CF2; 8 AE 8 16 MD, 1990
Wilts Pius de J 280
751 Warminster 1997, Antoninus 154–155 Issue; (3) IARCH-37B789; 39 39 MD, 1997
Wilts Pius NC 1998, 14
752 Sheffield 1906 Antoninus 154–155 Incomplete; IARCH-EC8EBD; 40 40 4 Building, 1906
(Burngreave), Pius (2) Rob. 211
South Yorks
753 Kirkton (Carzeld Antoninus 154–155 Issue; (4) RCS 13, p. 229 7 4 11 MD, 2005
fort), Dumfries Pius
and Galloway
754 Slough, Berks Antoninus 154–161 Incomplete; IARCH-1BB15C 48 48 1 MD, 1979
Pius (1)
755 Croydon Antoninus 154–161 Issue; (3) IARCH-AC9F94; 281 281 1 Building, 1905
(Waddon) 1905, Pius Rob. 216
Greater London
756 Snettisham 1985, Antoninus 154–161 Issue; (4) IARCH-EF6281; 83 27 110 250 1 Building, 1985
Norfolk Pius Rob. 202
757 Sherrifhales, Antoninus 154–161 Issue; (3) IARCH-ED4FCF; 86 86 1 1 MD, 2009
Shifnal, Salop Pius NC 2010
758 Racedown Farm, Antoninus 155–156 Issue; (3) IARCH-735E26; 47 47 1 Agric, 1992
Bridport Pius CHRB X, 74
(Broadwindsor),
Dorset
759 Minster in Antoninus 155–156 Issue; (4) IARCH-D743A6; 5 5 Arch, 2010
Thanet 3 (East Pius BNJ 2016, 51
Kent Access Road),
Kent
760 Wanborough Antoninus 155–161 Issue; (4) IARCH-94F2E1; 161 161 MD, 2000
2000, Wilts Pius NC 2001, 17;
NC 2003, 4.
761 Wervin, Cheshire Antoninus 156–157 Issue; (3) IARCH-454D89; 16 16 MD, 1982
Pius Rob. 207
762 Nottingham Antoninus 156–157 Issue; (3) IARCH-739F33; 19 46 65 2 Building, 1910
(Berridge), Notts Pius Rob. 204
763 Kenilworth 1988, Antoninus 156–157 Issue; (3) IARCH-CB9Ebc 6 6 MD, 1988
Warks Pius
764 Rowley Regis ( Antoninus 156–157 Incomplete; IARCH-638E9D; ? ? Unknown, 1804
CHECKLIST OF HOARDS
Oldbury) 1804, Pius (1) Rob. 227

West Midlands
765 Lawrence Weston, Antoninus 156–161 Issue; (4) IARCH-2E3D45; 598 598 1 Building, 1986
Bristol Pius Rob. 215
766 Llanvaches, Antoninus 156–161 Issue; (4) IARCH-E72D65; 599 599 1 MD, 2006
Newport Pius NC 2011
173
Table 2. Cont. 174
discovery
767 Yelverton, Antoninus 157–158 Issue; (4) IARCH-DCED6A; 4 4 MD, 1996

Norfolk Pius B&L 447
768 Lowside Quarter, Antoninus 157–161 Issue; (3) IARCH-D0F137; 31 31 MD, 2013
Cumbria Pius BNJ 2014, 19;
BNJ 2015, 10
769 Little Chester Antoninus 157–161 Issue; (4) IARCH-FDC8E1 6 6 Arch, 1987
(Darley) III, Pius
Derbys
770 Corbridge Antoninus 158–159 Issue; (4) IARCH-12B3C0; 162 162 1 Arch, 1911
(Site XXIX), Pius Rob. 203; B&L 478
Northumberland
771 Harwell (Didcot), Antoninus 159–160 Issue; (4) IARCH-43B09F; 126 126 1 MD, 1995
Oxon Pius B&L 497; CHRB X
772 Gussage All Antoninus 159–161 Issue; (4) IARCH-4CFF74 58 58 1 MD, 2010
Saints I, Dorset Pius
773 Egmanton, Notts Antoninus 159–161 Issue; (3) IARCH-83363C; 24 24 MD, 1990
Pius NC 2002, 11
774 Cheddleton I Antoninus 159–161 Issue; (4) IARCH-A20A2D; 13 13 MD, 2012
(Stoke on Trent Pius BNJ 2012, 43
area), Staffordshire
775 Pyrford, Surrey Antoninus 159–161 Issue; (3) IARCH-5C4090; 82 82 2 1 Agric, 1957
Pius Rob. 205
776 Legsby, Lincs Antoninus 160–161 Issue; (4) LIN–D99504; 3 3 MD, 2015
Pius BNJ 2016, 54
777 Wemyss, Fife Antoninus 160–161 Issue; (2) BNJ 2014, 21 4 4 MD, 2013
Pius
778 Bath (Trinity Antoninus 138–161 Issue; (2) IARCH-12D212; ? ? ? Unknown,
Court), Bath and Pius Rob. 118 = 961 1806
North East
Somerset
779 Haddenham Antoninus 138–161 Ruler; (2) IARCH-AF7630; 4 4 5 Arch, 1953
(Upper Delphs) I, Pius
Cambs
780 St Neots 2003, Antoninus 138–161 Issue; (2) IARCH-A14E2A; 23 23 2 Arch, 2003
Cambs Pius NC 2005, 29
781 Adlington, Antoninus 138–161 Issue; (2) IARCH-730F6D; ? 1 Gardening,
Cheshire Pius Rob. 174 1925

782 Westgate in Antoninus 138–161 Issue; (2) IARCH-B29D2D; 15 15 Other, 1870
Weardale, Pius Rob. 176
County Durham
783 Maryport, Antoninus 138–161 Imitation; IARCH-14E99B; 17 17 Unknown,
Cumbria Pius (2) Rob. 174A 1599
784 Exeter (St David’s) Antoninus 138–161 Incomplete; IARCH-309EBB; ? ? ? 1 1 Unknown,
1, Devon Pius (1) Rob. 175; B&L 146 1630
785 Hengistbury Antoninus 138–161 Issue; (2) IARCH-E9B8B8; 48 AV; 12 225 3487 Arch, 1910
Head, Dorset Pius Rob. 177; 1,484 AR;
de J 38, 44 1,718 AE
786 Spetisbury, Antoninus 138–161 Incomplete; IARCH-E5952D; 50 50 MD, 2003
Dorset Pius (2) BNJ 2014, 17
787 Kempsford, Glos Antoninus 138–161 Incomplete; IARCH-30E4A5; 31 31 Unknown,
Pius (2) Rob. 105 1978
788 London Bridge Antoninus 138–161 Issue; (2) IARCH-D18DA8; 24 24 Unknown, 1856
1856 (City of Pius Rob. 168
London), Greater
London (City)
789 Manchester Antoninus 138–161 Issue; (2) IARCH-A5B694; 7 7 Unknown,
(Worlsey), Greater Pius Rob. 189 1829
Manchester
790 Tarbock, Greater Antoninus 138–161 Incomplete; IARCH-7AF3B1; 33 47 80 Agric, 1838
Manchester Pius (2) Rob. 209
791 Springhead (CTRL Antoninus 138–161 Issue; (3) IARCH-13F424; 16 16 Arch, 2001
2001), Kent Pius BNJ 2014, 16
792 Uncertain, Lancs Antoninus 138–161 Issue; (2) IARCH-8128FE; 20 20 Agric, 1790
Pius Rob. 179
793 Hockwold cum Antoninus 138–161 Issue; (2) IARCH-C869D7 30 30 Unknown,
Wilton 3, Norfolk Pius 1973
794 Sheringham, Antoninus 138–161 Incomplete; IARCH-C8B14D 5 5 1 Unknown,
Norfolk Pius (1) 1940
795 Shouldham 2012, Antoninus 138–161 Poor cond; IARCH-B12184 2 2 MD, 2012
Norfolk Pius (2)
796 Oundle, Antoninus 138–161 Unc/ IARCH-F1D471; 5 5 6 1 Building, 1844
Northants Pius disputed; (1) Rob. 542A
797 Ellastone, Antoninus 138–161 Incomplete; IARCH-7E050E; 16 16 MD, 2004
Staffordshire Pius (2) NC 2005, 31
798 Barking 1865 Antoninus 138–161 Incomplete; IARCH-80E4CD; ? 1 Building, 1865
(Badley), Suffolk Pius (1) Rob. 223
799 Westgate (River Antoninus 138–161 Incomplete; IARCH-910440; ? Other, 1771
Tyne), Tyne Pius (1) Rob. 180 = 1785
and Wear
800 Wanborough Antoninus 138–161 Issue; (2) IARCH-842875; 2 2 Arch, 1976
1976, Wilts Pius
801 Auburn Antoninus 138–161 Incomplete; IARCH-FC8CF0; ? ? Other, 1570
(Barmston), Pius (1) Rob. 181
CHECKLIST OF HOARDS
East Yorks
802 Blackburn Antoninus 138–161 Incomplete; IARCH-68A355; ? 1 Building, 1891
(Shiregreen and Pius (1) Rob. 182
Brightside),
South Yorks
175
Table 2. Cont. 176
discovery
803 Kineff (Fawsyde), Antoninus 138–161 Ruler; (2) Rob. 228 ? Other, 1800
Aberdeenshire Pius
804 Lanark, Antoninus 138–161 Ruler; (2) Rob. 185 ? ? Building, 1847
Lanarkshire, Pius
South
805 Skirling, Antoninus 138–161 Ruler; (2) Rob. 186 ? Unknown,
Scottish Borders Pius 1825
806 Laleston, Antoninus 138–161 Issue; (2) IARCH-4AB719; 2 2 Building, 1948
Bridgend Pius Rob. 226
807 Caerleon (Turret Antoninus 138–161 Incomplete; IARCH-D1D41B; 12 12 Arch, 1927
1), Newport Pius (2) G&W 197
808 Gowerton, Antoninus 138–161 Incomplete; IARCH-BB20A9; ? Building, 1938
Swansea Pius (2) Rob. 183
809 Longbenton Antoninus 139–161 Issue; (2) IARCH-91B4FE; 280 280 16 1 Unknown,
(Backworth area), Pius Rob. 169 1800
Tyne and Wear
810 Carstairs, Antoninus 139–161 Ruler; (2) Rob. 266 ? ? Building, 1781
Lanarkshire, Pius
South
811 Waltham St Antoninus 141–161 Issue; (3) IARCH-F00158; 58 AV; 120 AR 23 201 5 MD, 1977
Lawrence, Berks Pius Rob. 186A
812 Litlington Antoninus 141–161 Issue; (2) IARCH-F0E78F; ? 1 1 Agric, 1833
(Royston), Cambs Pius Rob. 190
813 Seaton with Faustina the 141–161 Issue; (4) IARCH-6D3241; 2 2 1 MD, 2000
Slingley, County Elder NC 2008, 19
Durham
814 Bowness on Antoninus 141–161 Incomplete; IARCH-860FAE; ? ? Gardening,
Solway, Cumbria Pius (1) Rob. 199 1580
815 Carlisle (Harraby) Antoninus 141–161 Incomplete; IARCH-FE8866; 6 6 Building, 1829
II, Cumbria Pius (2) Rob. 188a
816 Carlisle Antoninus 141–161 Incomplete; IARCH-6FB46D; 1 62 1 64 Other, 1762
(St Cuthbert Pius (2) Rob. 187; B&L 123
Without),
Cumbria
817 Well Street (City Antoninus 141–161 Issue; (2) IARCH-5E2CD3; 80 80 Arch, 1846
of London), Pius Rob. 172
Greater London
(City)
818 Manchester Antoninus 141–161 Issue; (2) IARCH-F9CBD3; 4 85 89 1 Building, 1828
(Castlefield), Pius Rob. 178
Greater
Manchester
819 Owslebury Antoninus 141–161 Issue; (4) IARCH-DEEFC5 6 6 MD, 1990
(Winchester area) Pius
1, Hants
820 Ribchester Antoninus 141–161 Incomplete; IARCH-98BDED; 5 5 Other, 1837
1837, Lancs Pius (2) B&L 346
821 Lutterworth Antoninus 141–161 Incomplete; IARCH-3D95E1; 68 68 Agric, 1725
1725, Leics Pius (2) Rob. 191
822 Carholme, Lincs Antonine 141–161 Issue; (3) IARCH-99712F; 3 3 Arch, 1972
Empress,
uncertain,
138–185
823 Roxby cum Risby Antoninus 141–161 Issue; (4) IARCH-B188EF; 35 35 2 MD, 1992
1992, North Lincs Pius BNJ 2015, 11
824 Foxley, Norfolk Antoninus 141–161 Issue; (4) IARCH-58426B; 3 3 MD, 2000
Pius NC 2001, 19
825 Itteringham, Antoninus 141–161 Issue; (4) IARCH-B318D7; 62 42 104 10 1 MD, 2000
Norfolk Pius NC 2001, 21
826 Kings Cliffe, Antoninus 141–161 Issue; (4) IARCH-5C9D20; 18 18 MD, 2011
Northants Pius BNJ 2012, 16;
BNJ 2015, 12
827 Maesbury, Antoninus 141–161 Incomplete; IARCH-DCE006; ? 1 Unknown,
Croscombe, Pius (1) Rob. 192 1860
Somerset
828 Lavenham Antoninus 141–161 Incomplete; IARCH-A4059A; 3 3 Unknown,
1823, Suffolk Pius (1) Rob. 193 1823
829 Charlwood, Antoninus 141–161 Issue; (4) IARCH-49F573; 2 AV 21 23 6 MD, 2011
Surrey Pius BNJ 2012, 18;
BNJ 2013, 41;
BNJ 2015, 9
830 Frensham Antoninus 141–161 Accumu- IARCH-D40D6F; 3 AR; 2 AE 6 454 465 72 Arch, 1960
Common, Surrey Pius lation; (3) TAR 1998–99, 286
831 Lavant I, Antoninus 141–161 Incomplete; IARCH-B6E623 3 3 MD, 1993
West Sussex Pius (2)
832 Piercebridge IX, Antoninus 141–161 Issue; (3) IARCH-DEDAC0; 6 6 MD, 1979
Teesside Pius Rob. 171A
833 South Anston, Antoninus 141–161 Incomplete; IARCH-499563; ? ? Other, 1842
South Yorks Pius (2) Rob. 194
834 Castleford, Antoninus 141–161 Issue; (2) IARCH-1177DB; 12 12 Unknown,
West Yorks Pius Rob. 173 1955
835 Dewsbury 1863, Antoninus 141–161 Incomplete; IARCH-223A2F; ? ? ? 2 Unknown, 1863
West Yorks Pius (1) Rob. 224; B&L 650
836 Deskford, Moray Antoninus 141–161 Ruler; (2) Rob. 198 ? ? Other, 1726
CHECKLIST OF HOARDS
Pius
837 St Athan, Vale of Antoninus 141–161 Incomplete; IARCH-2C81D1; 38 38 Agric, 1798
Glamorgan Pius (2) Rob. 197
177
Table 2. Cont. 178
discovery
Periods 5–7. 96–161

838 Uley 3, Glos Uncertain – 98–161 Incomplete; IARCH-82220C; ? 4 Arch, 1977
1st/2nd (1) HER 262
Century AD
Period 8. 161–80
839 Bracebridge Marcus 161 Issue; (4) IARCH-91060A; 18 18 MD, 1977
Heath 1977, Aurelius (as Rob. 229
Lincs Augustus)
840 Urchfont IV, Marcus 161 Issue; (4) IARCH-F0FDFF; 2 2 MD, 2011
Wilts Aurelius (as BNJ 2012, 19
Augustus)
841 North Dalton II, Marcus 161 Issue; (4) IARCH-C6A02E; 24 24 MD, 2006
East Yorks Aurelius (as NC 2007, 18
Augustus)
842 Wycombe (West Marcus 161–162 Incomplete; IARCH-42860C; 4 4 Unknown,
Wycombe?), Aurelius (as (1) Rob. 247 1725
Bucks Augustus)
843 Bittesby Marcus 161–162 Issue; (4) IARCH-690490; 22 22 MD, 2008
(Lutterworth Aurelius (as BNJ 2013, 40
area) 2008, Augustus)
Leics
844 Kingston Marcus 161–162 Issue; (4) IARCH-44594F; 132 8 140 1 MD, 2002
Deverill 2004, Aurelius (as TAR 2002, 90
Wilts Augustus)
845 Belladrum, nr Marcus 161–162 Issue; (3) BNJ 2015, 13 41 41 MD, 2009
Kiltarlity, Aurelius
Highland (Divus
Antoninus)
846 Castlethorpe, Marcus 161–169 Issue; (2) IARCH-E45B57; 20 35 55 3 1 Agric, 1826
Bucks, Milton Aurelius (as Rob. 296
Keynes Augustus)
847 Horseheath Lucius Verus 161–169 Incomplete; IARCH-FE9D89; ? ? 1 Other, 1832
1832, Cambs (1) Rob. 297 = 398
848 Northleigh Lucius Verus 161–169 Incomplete; IARCH-9AF768; 3 3 Unknown,
(Colyton), Devon (1) Rob. 300 1810
849 Barton Wood Marcus 161–169 Incomplete; IARCH-AAE42C; ? ? 1 Unknown,

(East Cowes), Aurelius (as (1) Rob. 302 1833
Isle of Wight Augustus)
850 Minster in Marcus 161–169 Incomplete; IARCH-241bc9; ? ? Agric, 1630
Thanet 1, Kent Aurelius (as (1) Rob. 312
Augustus)
851 Ribchester 1978, Lucius Verus 161–169 Issue; (3) IARCH-7D7ED1; 9 9 1 Arch, 1978
Lancs Rob. 231
852 Osgodby, Lincs Marcus 162–163 Issue; (4) IARCH-41D353; 44 44 2 1 Agric, 1999
Aurelius (as NC 2000, 23
Augustus)
853 Whittington 2012, Marcus 162–163 Issue; (4) DUR-998D94; 19 1 19 1 MD, 2012
Northumberland Aurelius (as BNJ 2016, 55
Augustus)
854 Tiddington, Lucius Verus 162–163 Issue; (3) IARCH-E61B8E; 3 3 MD, 2000
Stratford on Avon NC 2000, 18
2000, Warks
855 Swine 1940, Marcus 162–163 Issue; (2) IARCH-FCC1F5; 28 24 52 1 1 Unknown,
East Yorks Aurelius (as Rob. 233 1940
Augustus)
856 Kirkton Barns, Marcus 163–163 Issue; (4) RCS 13, 230 16 16 MD, 2009
Tayport, Fife Aurelius
857 Great Maplestead, Marcus 163–164 Issue; (3) SF-FC2E14; 23 23 MD, 2015
Essex Aurelius BNJ 2017
858 Long Whatton, Lucius Verus 163–164 Issue; (4) IARCH-E86AC3; 84 1 85 MD, 1998
Leics NC 1999, 19
859 Ulrome 1961, Lucius Verus 163–164 Issue; (3) IARCH-ECADFB 13 13 Unknown,
East Yorks 1961
860 Grange, Lucius Verus 163–164 Issue; (2) Hunter 2015; 2 2 MD, 2012
Kirkcaldy, Fife Discovery &
Excavation in
Scotland 2013, 86
861 Wick, Vale of Marcus 163–164 Issue; (4) NMGW–63CDFB; 91 91 1 MD, 2014
Glamorgan Aurelius BNJ 2016, 57
862 Bix and Assendon, Lucilla 164 Issue; (4) SUR-373B2C; 12 12 MD, 2015
Oxon BNJ 2016, 56
863 Taplow Marcus 164–169 Issue; (2) IARCH-B9FE50; 500 500 2 Building, 1837
(Maidenhead), Aurelius (as Rob. 295
Bucks Augustus)
864 Ludgvan 1704, Lucius Verus 164–169 Incomplete; IARCH-1Dbc33; ? ? Other, 1704
Cornwall (1) Penhallurick 85
865 Wendron, Marcus 164–169 Incomplete; IARCH-27E28F; ? ? 2 Other, 1700
Cornwall Aurelius (as (1) Rob. 298
Augustus)
866 Nicholas Lane Marcus 164–169 Issue; (2) IARCH-6A5053; 11 11 Arch, 1900
(City of London), Aurelius (as Rob. 292
Greater London Augustus)
CHECKLIST OF HOARDS
867 Oakhanger Marcus 164–169 Issue; (3) IARCH-BAF20C; 16 16 MD, 2009

(Selborne), Hants Aurelius (as NC 2010
Augustus)
868 Bembridge 2006, Marcus 164–169 Issue; (2) IARCH-0BBDEE; 34 34 MD, 2006
Isle of Wight Aurelius (as IARCH-3C78AC
Augustus)
179
Table 2. Cont. 180
discovery
869 Great Melton Marcus 164–169 Incomplete; IARCH-BA43F8; 22 22 1 Unknown,

1887, Norfolk Aurelius (as (2) Rob. 306 1887
Augustus)
870 North Elmham, Lucilla 164–169 Incomplete; IARCH-47AA31; ? ? ? 1 Agric, 1715
Norfolk (1) Rob. 305
871 Rowler Manor Marcus 164–169 Issue; (3) IARCH-C12DCE 6 6 1 MD/arch, 1991
Roman villa Aurelius (as
(Croughton) 1, Augustus)
Northants
872 Alrewas and Lucius Verus 164–169 Issue; (4) IARCH-1EC990; 38 38 1 MD, 2006
Fradley, NC 2007, 19
Staffordshire
873 Piercebridge Lucius Verus 164–169 Issue; (4) IARCH-B33DC3 8 2 10 Arch, 1974
(Tofts Field),
Teesside
874 Annan Hill, Lucilla 164–169 Issue; (3) RCS 13, 228 4 4 MD, 2008
Dumfries and
Galloway
875 St Ishmael Lucius Verus 164–169 Issue; (2) IARCH-58B5B1; 35 35 Unknown,
(Beach), TAR 2000, 246 2000
Carmarthenshire
876 Cadeby, Leics Marcus 164–176 Issue; (4) IARCH-75778F; 29 2 31 MD, 2004
Aurelius (as NC 2005, 35
Augustus)
877 Allerton Bywater, Marcus 164–176 Issue; (3) IARCH-B19CDE; 296 296 1 Other, 1922
West Yorks Aurelius (as Rob. 294
Augustus)
878 Parwich 1769, Marcus 164–180 Incomplete; IARCH-76C14A; 80 80 1 1 Other, 1769
Derbys Aurelius (as (2) Rob. 299
Augustus)
879 Little Chesterford Marcus 164–180 Incomplete; IARCH-356D30; 200 200 1 Agric, 1732
1732, Essex Aurelius (as (1) Rob. 289
Augustus)
880 Hanwell, Oxon Marcus 164–180 Incomplete; IARCH-6E2CD1; 70 70 1 Unknown,
Aurelius (as (2) Rob. 293 1828
Augustus)
881 Bentley 1865 Marcus 164–180 Incomplete; IARCH-EC3C3D; 137 137 1 Other, 1865
(Doncaster), Aurelius (as (2) Rob. 307
South Yorks Augustus)
882 Cilhaul Marcus 164–180 Incomplete; IARCH-611345; 200 1 201 1 Other, 1835
(Trefeglwys), Aurelius (as (2) Rob. 310
Powys Augustus)
883 Fenchurch Street 1 Marcus 165–166 Issue; (3) IARCH-6932F2; 12 12 Building, 1922
(City of London), Aurelius (as Rob. 255
Greater London Augustus)
(City)
884 Kirkby in Ashfield Lucius Verus 165–166 Issue; (4) IARCH-ADC82C; 29 29 MD, 1990
1990, Notts Rob. 235A;
CHRB IX
885 Dewsbury 1938, Marcus 165–166 Issue; (3) IARCH-946DF0; 27 27 Building, 1938
West Yorks Aurelius (as Rob. 232
Augustus)
886 Fotheringhay, Marcus 165–176 Issue; (4) IARCH-390972; 45 45 MD, 1988
Northants Aurelius (as CHRB IX
Augustus)
887 Chetwynd, Aston Marcus 165–176 Issue; (4) IARCH-976BE8 19 1 20 MD, 2007
and Woodcote Aurelius (as
2007, Salop Augustus)
888 Presteigne, Powys Marcus 166–166 Incomplete; IARCH-70EF92; 60 60 1 Gardening,
Aurelius (as (2) Rob. 265 1940
Augustus)
889 Ripley (Amber Marcus 166–180 Issue; (3) IARCH-1A2E31; 9 9 MD, 2011
Valley) III, Aurelius (as
Derbys Augustus)
890 Stanhope Marcus 167–169 Issue; (3) IARCH-27E7C5; 9 9 Unknown,
(Westgate) 1983, Aurelius (as Rob. 301 1983
County Durham Augustus)
891 Bracebridge Marcus 168 Incomplete; IARCH-59A339; 30 30 1 Building, 1946
Heath 1946, Aurelius (as (2) Rob. 253
Lincs Augustus)
892 Dearne South, Marcus 168 Issue; (4) SWYOR–0C79EF; 4 4 MD, 2015
South Yorks Aurelius BNJ 2016, 58
893 Hampsthwaite, Marcus 168–169 Issue; (3) IARCH-46A7C6; 9 9 Unknown,
North Yorks Aurelius (as Rob. 261 1845
Augustus)
894 Doncaster Marcus 168–169 Issue; (2) IARCH-985C89; 3 4 7 Other, 1929
(Wheatley) 1929a, Aurelius (as Rob. 308
895 Hamstead Marcus 168–176 Issue; (4) IARCH-421620; 84 48 132 6 MD, 1998
Marshall, Berks Aurelius (as NC 1999, 21
Augustus)
896 Heddon on the Marcus 168–176 Issue; (3) IARCH-B112CA; 15 470 485 1 Other, 1760
Wall 1760, Aurelius (as Rob. 242; B&L 480
CHECKLIST OF HOARDS
Northumberland Augustus)
897 Cheddleton II Marcus 168–176 Issue; (3) IARCH-BF17B6; 261 261 MD, 2012
(Stoke on Trent Aurelius (as BNJ 2013, 45
area), Augustus)
Staffordshire
181
Table 2. Cont. 182
discovery
898 Owmby, Lincs Marcus 168–180 Issue; (2) IARCH-9CFE60; 10 10 Unknown,

Aurelius (as Rob. 304 1953
Augustus)
899 Knapwell 1840, Marcus 169–170 Issue; (3) IARCH-C96D31; 78 78 Agric, 1840
Cambs Aurelius (as Rob. 286
Augustus)
900 Melbourn, Marcus 169–170 Issue; (4) IARCH-8FBEA0; 30 30 1 MD, 1987
Cambs Aurelius (as CHRB X
Augustus)
901 Grinton 1987, Marcus 169–176 Issue; (3) IARCH-8B9571; 62 62 MD, 1987
North Yorks Aurelius (as Rob. 245
Augustus)
902 Braughing, Herts Marcus 170–171 Issue; (3) IARCH-676Dbc; 61 61 1 Unknown,
Augustus)
903 Gurnard 1983, Marcus 170–171 Imitation; IARCH-8FB2B5; 15 1 16 2 MD, 1983
Isle of Wight Aurelius (as (4) Rob. 290
Augustus)
904 Sherwood Marcus 170–171 Issue; (4) KENT–70B424; 6 6 MD, 2000
(Tunbridge Aurelius BNJ 2016, 59
Wells), Kent
905 Brundish, Suffolk Marcus 170–171 Issue; (4) IARCH-52AB8B; 67 67 MD, 1992
Aurelius (as CHRB X
Augustus)
906 Hebden, Marcus 171–172 Issue; (4) IARCH-304247; 33 33 MD, 2011
North Yorks Aurelius (as BNJ 2012, 20
Augustus)
907 Marlingford, Marcus 171–176 Issue; (4) IARCH-42F937; 174 174 MD, 1990
Norfolk Aurelius (as CHRB X
Augustus)
908 Eyke 2009 (near Marcus 171–176 Issue; (4) IARCH-C1F0EC; 27 27 MD, 2009
Woodbridge), Aurelius (as SF–E2CC32;
Suffolk Augustus) BNJ 2013, 46;
BNJ 2015, 15;
BNJ 2017
909 Rudge Marcus 172–173 Issue; (4) IARCH-CE20EA; 9 9 MD, 2006
(Pattingham Aurelius (as NC 2007, 20

area), Salop Augustus)
910 Whittington Marcus 172–176 Issue; (4) IARCH-4E0491; 100 100 1 MD, 2008
(Oswestry area I), Aurelius (as NC 2008, 24
Salop Augustus)
911 Hickleton, Marcus 172–176 Issue; (4) IARCH-BA61B2; 351 36 387 1 MD, 2001
South Yorks Aurelius (as NC 2002, 13
Augustus)
912 Fradley and Marcus 173–176 Incomplete; IARCH-AA9F69; 18 18 MD, 1998
Streethay 1998 Aurelius (as (2) NC 1999, 20
(Lichfield), Augustus)
Staffordshire
913 Plantation Place, Marcus 174 Issue; (4) IARCH-75F2D6; 43 43 1 Arch, 2000
Fenchurch Street Aurelius (as B&L 403
(City of London), Augustus)
Greater London
(City)
914 Bessacarr Marcus 174–175 Incomplete; IARCH-D69BEC; 396 396 2 MD, 2005
(Doncaster Aurelius (as (2) NC 2006, 15;
Common), Augustus) BNJ 2013, 42;
915 Newbiggin, Marcus 175–176 Incomplete; IARCH-9BDD24; 67 67 Unknown,
Cumbria Aurelius (as (2) Rob. 260 1700
Augustus)
916 Potters Bar, Herts Marcus 175–176 Issue; (4) IARCH-A6A411; 72 72 MD, 1994
Aurelius (as NC 1997, 30;
Augustus) CHRB X
917 Beachamwell, Marcus 175–176 Incomplete; IARCH-EB5FBE; 50 50 1 1 Other, 1846
Norfolk Aurelius (as (2) Rob. 313
Augustus)
918 Usan (Montrose), Marcus 175–176 Issue; (2) RCS 10 p. 535; 3 3 1 MD, 1996
Angus Aurelius RCS 11, p. 250
919 West Dean 1808, Commodus 175–180 Issue; (2) IARCH-8B6303 86 1 Unknown,
Glos under 1808
Marcus
Aurelius
920 Aldworth 1984 ( Marcus 176–177 Issue; (4) IARCH-C10A75; 75 2 77 1 MD, 1984
Compton), Berks Aurelius (as Rob. 284
Augustus)
921 Poughill, Devon Marcus 176–177 Issue; (2) IARCH-E5B413; 40 40 Unknown,
Augustus)
922 Lund II (Selby Marcus 176–180 Issue; (4) IARCH-F2BBEB; 99 99 1 1 MD, 2010
area), East Yorks Aurelius (as BNJ 2012, 22
Augustus)
923 Doncaster Marcus 177 Issue; (2) IARCH-934F98; 52 1 53 1 Unknown,
CHECKLIST OF HOARDS
(Wheatley) 1929b, Aurelius (as Rob. 309 1929

924 Caerleon (Prysg Marcus 177 Issue; (3) IARCH-2134E2; 295 2 297 Arch, 1927
Barrack 7), Aurelius (as Rob. 316
Newport Augustus)
183
Table 2. Cont. 184
discovery
925 Caistor by Marcus 177–180 Issue; (3) IARCH-3F9D50; 20 20 1 Unknown, 1895

Norwich 1895, Aurelius (as Rob. 240
Norfolk Augustus)
926 Shard End (Castle Marcus 177–180 Issue; (3) IARCH-FCA882; 199 199 Agric, 1909
Bromwich), Aurelius (as Rob. 315
West Midlands Augustus)
927 Inchyra, Perth Marcus 178 Issue; (3) RCS 10. p. 533 8 8 MD, 1993
and Kinross Aurelius
928 Wreningham, Marcus 179–180 Issue; (4) IARCH-A7F7D6; 186 186 1 MD, 1994
Norfolk Aurelius (as NC 1996, 112;
Augustus) CHRB X
929 Woodcutts Marcus 180 Issue; (3) IARCH-2CFFA7 6 31 37 1 Arch, 1884
Common, Dorset Aurelius (as
Augustus)
930 Kirkintilloch, East Marcus 145–176 Ruler; (3) Rob. 282 24 24 Other, 1893
Dunbartonshire Aurelius
931 Manchester (Quay Marcus 145–176 Issue; (2) IARCH-4483ED; 6 6 Building, 1876
Street), Greater Aurelius (as Rob. 271
Manchester Augustus)
932 Chichester (Palace Marcus 145–176 Issue; (2) IARCH-C014BA; 700 700 1 Building, 1819
Field), West Sussex Aurelius (as Rob. 276
Augustus)
933 Edinburgh 1741, Marcus 145–176 Ruler; (2) Rob. 283 ? ? Building, 1741
Midlothian Aurelius
934 Church Minshull, Marcus 161–176 Issue; (4) IARCH-388B23; 58 58 2 MD, 2004
Cheshire Aurelius (as NC 2005, 33
Augustus)
935 Claverton Marcus 161–176 Issue; (2) IARCH-BFCDE6; 43 43 Unknown, 1855
(Eccleston), Aurelius (as Rob. 237
Cheshire Augustus)
936 Hough, Cheshire Marcus 161–176 Issue; (3) IARCH-FB096E 1 2 3 1 Unknown, 1973
Aurelius (as
Augustus)
937 Stanhope Marcus 161–176 Issue; (4) IARCH-C000D2; 11 11 MD, 2007
(Westgate area) Aurelius (as NC 2008, 14
2007, County Augustus)
Durham
938 Crosscanonby Marcus 161–176 Issue; (4) IARCH-2E9E94; 143 1 144 MD, 2012
(near Maryport), Aurelius (as BNJ 2013, 42
Cumbria Augustus)
939 Churchstow, Marcus 161–176 Issue; (3) IARCH-4037F3; 16 16 MD, 2013
Devon Aurelius (as BNJ 2014, 22
Augustus)
940 Little Chesterford Marcus 161–176 Issue; (4) IARCH-435062; 3 3 MD, 2007
2007, Essex Aurelius (as NC 2010
Augustus)
941 Longton Moss, Marcus 161–176 Issue; (2) IARCH-FBB046; ? ? ? 1 Agric, 1819
Lancs Aurelius (as Rob. 272
Augustus)
942 Worston, Lancs Marcus 161–176 Issue; (4) IARCH-D75169; 8 8 MD, 1993
Aurelius (as NC 1996, 111;
Augustus) CHRB X
943 Longhorsley, Marcus 161–176 Issue; (3) IARCH-6D9070; 70 70 1 MD, 2002
Northumberland Aurelius (as NC 2003, 5
Augustus)
944 Whittington Marcus 161–176 Issue; (4) IARCH-55C5E8; 23 23 MD, 2008
(Oswestry Aurelius (as NC 2008, 24
area II), Salop Augustus)
945 Lichfield Marcus 161–176 Issue; (4) IARCH-83A37B; 15 15 MD, 1995
(Sandfields), Aurelius (as NC 2000, 24
Staffordshire Augustus)
946 Budbrooke Marcus 161–176 Issue; (4) IARCH-BEA4BB; 30 30 MD, 1985
(Warwick area), Aurelius (as BNJ 2015, 14
Warks Augustus)
947 Templebrough Marcus 161–176 Issue; (4) IARCH-1A3CF9; 19 19 Arch, 1916
(Boston Castle), Aurelius (as Rob. 246
948 Feigh Mountain, Faustina II 161–176 Incomplete; Rob. 311; 500 500 Gardening,
Co Antrim (1) Bateson 1973, 4 1831
949 Checkendon II, Faustina II 161–176 Ruler; SUR-D97C94; ? MD, 2014
Oxon BNJ 2016, 61
950 Beaconsfield, Marcus 161–180 Ruler; (2) IARCH-593E14; 65 65 1 Agric, 1797
Bucks Aurelius (as Rob. 285
Augustus)
951 Hughenden 1795, Marcus 161–180 Incomplete; IARCH-86E784; 24 24 1 Agric, 1795
Bucks Aurelius (as (1) Rob. 1706
Augustus)
952 Turville, Bucks Marcus 161–180 Incomplete; IARCH-FC95ED 32 32 Unknown, 1772
Aurelius (as (1)
Augustus)
953 Wilburton, Marcus 161–180 Ruler; (3) IARCH-BEbc62; 17 17 MD, 2000
Cambs Aurelius (as NC 2002, 14
Augustus)
954 Carlisle (Belle Marcus 161–180 Incomplete; IARCH-85ED34; 200 200 Building, 1860
CHECKLIST OF HOARDS
Vue), Cumbria Aurelius (as (2) Rob. 248

Augustus)
955 Mansfield Marcus 161–180 Ruler; (1) IARCH-5D6B68; Rob. 257 ? ? 1
Unknown, 1774
Woodhouse, Aurelius (as
Shirebrook, Augustus)
Derbys
185
Table 2. Cont. 186
discovery
956 Wirksworth, Marcus 161–180 Ruler; (1) IARCH-DC9AD1; 83 83 Unknown, 1734

Derbys Aurelius (as Rob. 287
Augustus)
957 Membury 1823, Marcus 161–180 Incomplete; IARCH-C1112F; 30 30 1 1 Agric, 1823
Devon Aurelius (as (2) Rob. 249
Augustus)
958 Cheselbourne Marcus 161–180 Incomplete; IARCH-705B47; 6 6 Other, 1865
1865, Dorset Aurelius (as (1) Rob. 288
Augustus)
959 Chesil Beach I, Marcus 161–180 Ruler; (3) IARCH-5FFA2B; 9 9 Unknown, 2003
Dorset Aurelius (as TAR 2003, 362
Augustus)
960 Colchester (New Marcus 161–180 Ruler; (2) IARCH-55FC01; 4 4 1 Agric, 1740
Town), Essex Aurelius (as Rob. 250
Augustus)
961 Ingatestone, Essex Marcus 161–180 Ruler; (2) IARCH-7B8056; ? Gardening,
Augustus)
962 Enfield Marcus 161–180 Ruler; (1) IARCH-263071; ? ? ? 1 Agric, 1820
(Catcherhatch Aurelius (as Rob. 256
Lane), Greater Augustus)
London
963 Wimbledon Park, Marcus 161–180 Incomplete; IARCH-B2D2AC; 16 16 1 Other, 1865
Greater London Aurelius (as (2) Rob. 964
Augustus)
964 Selborne Marcus 161–180 Ruler; (1) IARCH-A24212; ? ? Other, 1732
(Whitehill) 1732, Aurelius (as Rob. 239
Hants Augustus)
965 Selborne Marcus 161–180 Ruler; (1) IARCH-F43320; ? ? Other, 1741
(Whitehill) 1741, Aurelius (as Rob. 239A
Hants Augustus)
966 Ashwell 1876, Marcus 161–180 Incomplete; IARCH-900B88; 500 500 1 Unknown, 1876
Herts Aurelius (as (1) Rob. 234
Augustus)
967 Northwood 1988, Marcus 161–180 Ruler; (2) IARCH-648997; 7 7 MD, 1988
Isle of Wight Aurelius (as
Augustus)
968 Canterbury (Jewry Marcus 161–180 Incomplete; IARCH-261ACE ? ? ? ? 3 Building, 1639
Lane), Kent Aurelius (as (1)
Augustus)
969 Charing, Kent Marcus 161–180 Ruler; (2) IARCH-B9F13A; ? Unknown, 1969
Aurelius (as Rob. 251
Augustus)
970 Lancaster Marcus 161–180 Ruler; (1) IARCH-8E6407; ? Building, 1830
(Vicarage), Lancs Aurelius (as Rob. 252
Augustus)
971 Hinckley, Leics Marcus 161–180 Incomplete; IARCH-CA5769; 58 58 1 Building, 1871
Aurelius (as (2) Rob. 303
Augustus)
972 Old Sleaford, Marcus 161–180 Ruler; (2) IARCH-50CCB5; 24 24 Unknown, 1979
Lincs Aurelius (as Rob. 254
Augustus)
973 Caston 1820, Marcus 161–180 Incomplete; IARCH-F32D93; ? ? ? 1 Other, 1820
Norfolk Aurelius (as (1) Rob. 241
Augustus)
974 East Winch 2005, Marcus 161–180 Ruler; (2) IARCH-695469; 10 10 2 MD, 2005
Norfolk Aurelius (as NC 2006, 14
Augustus)
975 Naseby 1874, Marcus 161–180 Ruler; (2) IARCH-E7E647; 38 38 1 Agric, 1874
Northants Aurelius (as Rob. 235
Augustus)
976 Mindrum Marcus 161–180 Incomplete; IARCH-D01B25; 500 500 1 Agric, 1826
(Carham), Aurelius (as (2) Rob. 274
Northumberland Augustus)
977 Babworth 1802, Marcus 161–180 Ruler; (1) IARCH-92FbcE; 29 62 91 Unknown, 1802
Notts Aurelius (as Rob. 243
Augustus)
978 Hickling, Notts Marcus 161–180 Ruler; (1) IARCH-F9E14D; 200 200 1 Agric, 1771
Augustus)
979 Whitchurch on Marcus 161–180 Ruler; (3) IARCH-36C418; 34 34 Other, 1911
Thames, Oxon Aurelius (as Rob. 258
Augustus)
980 Gisleham, Suffolk Marcus 161–180 Issue; (2) IARCH-CDC37D; 6 6 MD, 1985
Augustus)
981 Bramshaw Marcus 161–180 Ruler; (1) IARCH-64D49E; ? ? 1 Unknown, 1881
(Redlynch), Wilts Aurelius (as Rob. 238
Augustus)
982 Mere 1856, Wilts Marcus 161–180 Incomplete; IARCH-E6DD71; 270 270 1 Agric, 1856
Aurelius (as (2) Rob. 278
Augustus)
983 Nettleton Marcus 161–180 Ruler; (3) IARCH-83FFD7 ? Arch, 1956
(Building V), Aurelius (as
CHECKLIST OF HOARDS
Wilts Augustus)
984 Sutton on Hull Marcus 161–180 Incomplete; IARCH-AE7F39; 6 6 Agric, 1850
1850, East Yorks Aurelius (as (1) Rob. 279
Augustus)
985 Harlow Moor Marcus 161–180 Unverified; IARCH-573D9F; 6 6 1 Unknown, 1830
(Harrogate), Aurelius (as (1) Rob. 262
North Yorks Augustus)
187
Table 2. Cont. 188
discovery
986 Ugthorpe 1792, Marcus 161–180 Incomplete; IARCH-8AB422; 5 5 Agric, 1792

North Yorks Aurelius (as (2) Rob. 280
Augustus)
987 Doncaster Marcus 161–180 Ruler; (2) IARCH-99FD14; 24 24 1 Unknown, 1925
(Wheatley) 1925, Aurelius (as Rob. 244
988 Rawmarsh, Marcus 161–180 Ruler; (1) IARCH-85281F; ? ? Building, 1900
South Yorks Aurelius (as Rob. 263
Augustus)
989 Clarkly Hill, Marcus 161–180 Incomplete; 100 100 MD, 2011
Moray Aurelius (as (2)
Augustus)
990 Kenmore, Perth Marcus 161–180 Ruler; (2) Rob. 236 12 12 Building, 1755
and Kinross Aurelius
991 Linlithgow, Marcus 161–180 Ruler; (2) Rob. 268 4 4 Unknown, 1781
West Lothian Aurelius
992 West Calder Marcus 161–180 Ruler; (2) Rob. 267 ? ? Agric, 1810
(Cobbinshaw Aurelius
Moss), West
Lothian
993 Llanrug, Marcus 161–180 Incomplete; IARCH-A06818; 12 12 1 Building, 1966
Gwynedd Aurelius (as (1) Rob. 264
Augustus)
994 Pengwern (Ilston), Marcus 161–180 Incomplete; IARCH-DD39FA; 200 200 Other, 1823
Swansea Aurelius (as (2) Rob. 281
Augustus)
Period 9. 180–92
995 Muthill, Perth Commodus 175–192 Ruler; (2) Rob. 348 ? ? Agric, 1672
and Kinross
996 Strathaven (or Commodus 178–187 Ruler; (1) Rob. 347 400 400 Agric, 1803
Avondale),
Lanarkshire,
South
997 Broch of Lingrow, Commodus 178–187 Ruler; (2) Rob. 349 4 4 Building, 1870
Orkney
998 Shotts, Commodus 178–192 Ruler; (2) Rob. 346 ? ? Agric, 1842
Lanarkshire, North
999 Slay Hills Commodus 180 Issue; (3) IARCH-9B4C37; 37 37 1 Other, 1952
(Upchurch) 1952, Rob. 329
Kent
1000 Vindolanda 2011, Commodus 180 Issue; (4) IARCH-9BD3D8; 21 21 1 Arch, 2011
Northumberland BNJ 2012, 21
1001 Ollerton Commodus 180 Issue; (3) IARCH-CCE599; 427 427 1 Agric, 1910
(Edwinstow), Rob. 314; CHRB IX;
Notts BNJ 2014, 23
1002 Cockshutt, Salop Commodus 180 Issue; (3) IARCH-9939B9; 13 13 MD, 2007
NC 2009, 25
1003 Leigh, Surrey Commodus 180 Issue; (3) IARCH-17A352; 76 76 3 MD, 2004
NC 2005, 34;
BNJ 2016
1004 Barway (Soham), Commodus 180–183 Issue; (3) IARCH-5196A8; 5 465 2 472 1 Agric, 1958
Cambs Rob. 317; B&L 48
1005 Kirkby Thore Commodus 180–183 Issue; (2) IARCH-E3CDB3; 172 172 Agric, 1863
1863, Cumbria Rob. 333
1006 Upham 2003 Commodus 180–183 Issue; (3) IARCH-3DFACC; 22 22 MD, 2003
(Winchester NC 2005, 37
District), Hants
1007 Slay Hills Commodus 180–183 Issue; (3) IARCH-B35DAA; 17 2 19 3 1 Unknown, 1864
(Upchurch) 1864, Rob. 328
Kent
1008 Stiffkey 2011, Commodus 180–183 Issue; (3) IARCH-63567C; 5 5 MD, 2011
1009 Brixworth, Commodus 180–183 Issue; (3) IARCH-7C4D0B; 25 25 Unknown, 1885
Northants Rob. 331
1010 Beachy Head Commodus 180–183 Issue; (3) IARCH-8FE968; 8 8 1 MD, 1980
(Bullock Down Site
16, Meads),
East Sussex
1011 Sheffield (Darnall), Commodus 180–183 Incomplete; IARCH-A7B019; 1,000 1,000 1 Other, 1860
South Yorks (2) Rob. 343
1012 Trethurgy Round Commodus 181 Issue; (3) IARCH-B2A280; 9 9 Arch, 1972
(Treverbyn), Penhallurick 245
Cornwall
1013 Lund I (Selby Commodus 181 Issue; (4) IARCH-996A9C; 102 102 1 1 MD, 2010
area), East Yorks BNJ 2012, 22
1014 Shorwell III, Isle Commodus 181–183 Issue; (3) IARCH-263FB2; 3 21 24 MD, 2008
of Wight
1015 Little Brickhill Commodus 183–183 Issue; (3) IARCH-2768BF; 296 296 1 Other, 1967
1967, Bucks, Rob. 319
Milton Keynes
1016 Ashkirk Commodus 183 Issue; (4) BNJ 2014, 24 228 228 MD, 2011
(Blackcastle Hill,
Synton),
CHECKLIST OF HOARDS
Scottish Borders
1017 Carisbrooke Commodus 183–184 Issue; (3) IARCH-7429BF; 52 52 MD, 2008
(Newport) 2008, NC 2009, 22
Isle of Wight
1018 Maidstone (High Commodus 184–185 Issue; (3) IARCH-D068FA; 57 57 Building, 1935
Street), Kent Rob. 327
189
Table 2. Cont. 190
discovery
1019 Little Brickhill Commodus 186–187 Issue; (4) IARCH-7D34B0; 627 627 MD, 1987
(Bletchley) 1987, Rob. 320; CHRB IX
Bucks, Milton
Keynes
1020 St Eval, Cornwall Commodus 186–187 Issue; (3) IARCH-8CD807; 9 9 MD, 1999
Penhallurick 251
1021 Briglands Commodus 186–187 Issue; (2) Rob. 335 9 9 Unknown, 1938
(Rumbling Bridge),
Perth and Kinross
1022 Lowestoft, Suffolk Commodus 186–189 Incomplete; IARCH-99F485; 38 38 1 1 Building, 1877
(2) Rob. 339
1023 Uncertain, Commodus 188–189 Incomplete; IARCH-BA8DCA; 9 9 Unknown, 1890
Isle of Wight (2) Rob. 326
1024 Cadeby 1979, Commodus 188–189 Issue; (2) IARCH-D05B61; 3 3 MD, 1979
South Yorks
1025 Waulauds Bank Commodus 190 Issue; (3) IARCH-20DBDF; 10 10 Unknown, 1978
(Luton, Beds Rob. 318
1026 Padstow II, Commodus 190 Issue; (3) IARCH-1FA182; 15 15 MD, 1990
1027 Plumley Commodus 190–191 Issue; (4) IARCH-6ADCF4; 104 104 13 1 MD, 2012
(Knutsford area), BNJ 2013, 48;
Cheshire BNJ 2014, 25
1028 Latton, Wilts Commodus 190–191 Issue; (3) IARCH-15DB38; 75 75 3 Unknown, 1864
Rob. 340
1029 Findo Gask, Perth Commodus 190–191 Issue; (2) Hunter 2015; 2 2 Unknown, 1955
and Kinross Hall 2002
1030 South Wonston, Commodus 191–192 Issue; (4) IARCH-42595D; 46 46 MD, 1999
Hants NC 2000, 25
1031 Postwick, Norfolk Commodus 191–192 Issue; (4) IARCH-86BD1D; 306 306 MD, 1986
Rob. 330; CHRB IX
and X; 2002 T060;
2004 T042; 2005
T044; 2005 T451;
2007 T220
1032 South Shields Commodus 191–192 Incomplete; IARCH-51204D; 10 130 140 Arch, 1878
1878, Tyne (2) Rob. 323; B&L 575
and Wear
1033 Steeton Commodus 192 Issue; (4) IARCH-D07FA1; 4 4 1 1 MD, 2005
(Tadcaster), NC 2006, 13
North Yorks
1034 Ugthorpe 1998, Commodus 192 Issue; (4) IARCH-7AB6B6; 78 78 1 MD, 1998
BNJ 2013, 49
1035 Weston Commodus 180–192 Incomplete; IARCH-B63820; 176 176 3 1 Agric, 1858
Underwood, Bucks, (2) Rob. 336
Milton Keynes
1036 March II, Cambs Commodus 180–192 Issue; (2) IARCH-4215E0; 400 400 3 1 Building, 1730
Rob. 321
1037 Braystones Commodus 180–192 Incomplete; IARCH-34F33E; ? Other, 1850
(Lowside Quarter), (1) Rob. 350
Cumbria
1038 Carlisle II, Commodus 180–192 Incomplete; IARCH-16FD93; ? ? 1 Building, 1782
1039 Kingskerswell Commodus 180–192 Issue; (3) IARCH-77C224; 1 12 13 MD, 1988
1988, Devon NC 2008, 16
1040 Braintree 1905, Commodus 180–192 Incomplete; IARCH-FF9C51; ? 1 Unknown, 1905
Essex (1) Rob. 337
1041 West Dean 1854, Commodus 180–192 Incomplete; IARCH-3F5EBD; 155 155 2 Other, 1854
Glos (2) Rob. 338
1042 Selborne Commodus 180–192 Issue; (2) IARCH-F105FE; ? 1 Other, 1774
(Whitehill) 1774, Rob. 325
Hants
1043 Mablethorpe Commodus 180–192 Issue; (2) IARCH-326697; 53 53 1 Other, 1946
1946, Lincs Rob. 1383
1044 Hastings 1855 Commodus 180–192 Incomplete; IARCH-EDDC78; ? 5 1 Building, 1855
(Central (1) Rob. 351
St Leonards),
East Sussex
1045 Wanborough Commodus 180–192 Issue; (2) IARCH-BA1F4E; ? 1 Agric, 1688
1688, Wilts Rob. 334
1046 Wanborough Commodus 180–192 Ruler; (1) IARCH-A6FE2A; 22 22 Unknown, 1888
1888, Wilts Rob. 354; B&L 600
1047 York (Micklegate 2), Commodus 180–192 Incomplete; IARCH-25A620; 200 200 Unknown, 1898
City of York (1) Rob. 344
1048 Portington Commodus 180–192 Issue; (2) IARCH-F2F356; ? 1 Other, 1814
(Eastrington), Rob. 342
East Yorks
1049 Norton on Commodus 180–192 Incomplete; IARCH-160BFB; ? ? Unknown, 1850
Derwent 1850, (1) Rob. 341
North Yorks
1050 Cadeby 1974, Commodus 180–192 Issue; (2) IARCH-43CD38 8 8 MD, 1974
South Yorks
1051 Cadeby 1980, Commodus 180–192 Issue; (2) IARCH-B5E03E 11 11 MD, 1980
South Yorks
CHECKLIST OF HOARDS
1052 Vaynol (Pentir), Commodus 180–192 Issue; (3) IARCH-38E5EC; 73 73 3 Other, 1819
Gwynedd G&W 1084
191
Table 2. Cont. 192
discovery
Periods 7–9. 138–92

1053 Carlisle (Harraby) Antonine 138–192 Incomplete; IARCH-9D4F64; ? 1 Building, 1829
I, Cumbria Empress, (1) Rob. 188
uncertain,
138–185
1054 Brading, Antonine 138–192 Incomplete; IARCH-492720; 20 MD, 2003
Isle of Wight (uncertain) (3) BNJ 2012, 23
1055 Barham Downs, Uncertain 138–192 Incomplete; IARCH-829956; 30 Building, 1830
Kent (1) Rob. 352
1056 Uncertain 1800, Antonine 138–192 Incomplete; IARCH-9856A0; ? 2 1 Unknown, 1800
Northants Empress, (1) Rob. 273
uncertain,
138–185
1057 Heddon on the Antonine 138–192 Incomplete; IARCH-85C466; ? 2 Unknown, 1795
Wall 1795, Empress, (1) Pastscape 22868
Northumberland uncertain,
138–185
Periods 8–9. 161–92

1058 Great Chesterford Commodus 161–192 Unc/ IARCH-31B5D2; 198 198 1 2 Building, 1847
1847a, Essex disputed; (2) Rob. 324
1059 Pitcullo, Leuchars, Commodus 175–192 Ruler; (1) Rob. 345 19 19 Agric, 1781
Fife
1060 Freshwater 2009, Antonine 161–192 Unc/ IARCH-C47514; 17 MD, 2009
Isle of Wight (uncertain) disputed; (3) NC 2010
Table 3. AD 193–296
No. Location Ruler Latest Reason Reference AV Rad Den AE Others All Objects Con- Method and
coin and Qlty coins tainers date of
discovery
Period 10. 193–222
1061 Oxnead Pertinax 193 Incomplete; IARCH-F179B4; ? ? 1 Unknown, 1650
(Brampton), Norfolk (1) Rob. 358
1062 Acton, Greater Septimius 193 Issue; (3) IARCH-E1AD66; 7 7 1 Other, 1899
London Severus Rob. 365
1063 Littleborough, Didius 193 Issue; (4) IARCH-92ACC2; 76 76 MD, 1994
Greater Julianus NC 1996, 114;
Manchester CHRB X
1064 Awliscombe Septimius 193–195 Issue; (3) IARCH-60B828; 15 15 MD, 2013
(Honiton), Devon Severus BNJ 2014, 26
1065 Doncaster Septimius 193–196 Issue; (3) IARCH-B24B53 30 30 Unknown, 1986
(Rutland House), Severus
South Yorks
1066 Swinfen and Septimius 193–197 Issue; (4) IARCH-C58779; 7 7 MD, 2009
Packington, Severus NC 2010
Staffordshire
1067 Whiddon Down Septimius 193–198 Issue; (3) IARCH-20bcA6; 4 321 325 MD, 2008
(South Tawton), Severus PATAR 2008, 517
Devon
1068 Birnie, near Elgin, Septimius 194 Issue; (4) RCS 12 p. 164; 310 310 MD, 2001
2, Moray Severus BNJ 2006
1069 Tean, Cornwall, Septimius 194–195 Issue; (3) IARCH-8DA611; 3 3 Arch, 1956
Isles of Scilly Severus Penhallurick 269
1070 Silchester (Insula Septimius 194–195 Incomplete; IARCH-672C10; 258 258 1 Arch, 1894
XI), Hants Severus (2) Rob. 362
1071 Birnie, near Elgin, Septimius 194–196 Issue; (4) RCS 11, p. 248; 316 316 MD/arch, 1996
1, Moray Severus BNJ 2006
1072 Sixpenny Septimius 194–211 Incomplete; IARCH-4FB6DC; 639 639 1 Agric, 1877
Handley, Dorset Severus (2) Rob. 380
1073 Horseheath 2005, Septimius 195 Issue; (3) IARCH-367233 4 4 MD, 2005
Cambs Severus
1074 Great Melton Clodius 195–197 Issue; (4) IARCH-D32636; 278 278 1 MD, 1984
1984, Norfolk Albinus Rob. 359; CHRB IX
1075 Knapwell 1877, Septimius 196 Issue; (2) IARCH-D19D16; 24 24 Agric, 1877
Cambs Severus Rob. 361
1076 Owston Ferry, Septimius 196 Issue; (3) IARCH-A6BF6D; 4 116 120 1 Agric, 1952
CHECKLIST OF HOARDS
North Lincs Severus Rob. 364

1077 Newchurch 2005, Septimius 196–197 Issue; (3) IARCH-ECBFF3; 57 57 MD, 2005
Isle of Wight Severus NC 2007, 21
1078 Hatcliffe, North Septimius 196–197 Ussue; (4) NLM–B94912; 2 MD, 2013
East Lincs Severus BNJ 2014, 27
1079 Portmoak, Perth Septimius 196–197 Issue; (2) Rob. 369 600 600 Agric, 1851
and Kinross Severus
193
Table 3. Cont. 194
discovery
1080 Curridge Septimius 196–209 Issue; (4) IARCH-9FE994; 425 425 1 1 MD, 1998
(Chieveley), Berks Severus NC 2000, 27
1081 Duckington, Septimius 196–211 Issue; (2) IARCH-6EF886; 1 3 4 11 MD, 1993
Cheshire Severus
1082 Wigton (Westward), Septimius 196–211 Issue; (3) IARCH-9ADCF4; 1 17 18 MD, 2000
Cumbria Severus B&L 128
1083 Sprotbrough 2012, Septimius 196–211 Issue; (4) IARCH-BBE196; 2 2 MD, 2012
South Yorks Severus BNJ 2013, 51
1084 Tickhill 2015a, Septimius 197 Issue; (3) SWYOR–6F5A37; 9 4 13 1 MD, 2015
South Yorks Severus BNJ 2016, 63
1085 Acton, Cheshire Septimius 197–198 Issue; (4) IARCH-4ED877; 5 5 1 MD, 2014
Severus BNJ 2015, 16
1086 Deopham 2012, Septimius 197–198 Issue; (4) IARCH-292AFF; 2 2 MD, 2012
Norfolk Severus BNJ 2013, 50
1087 Waterhouses II, Septimius 198–201 Issue; (4) IARCH-C74549; 10 10 MD, 2008
Staffordshire Severus NC 2010
1088 Keelby, Lincs Septimius 198–202 Issue; (4) IARCH-350C0C; 2 2 MD, 2008
Severus NC 2011
1089 Springhead Septimius 198–211 Issue; (3) IARCH-6CE9C7 6 6 Arch, 2002
(Nursery, CTRL Severus
2002), Kent
1090 Alfreton, Derbys Caracalla 198–217 Incomplete; IARCH-3999D7; 500 500 1 Agric, 1748
(2) Rob. 391
1091 Chester (Deanery Septimius 200–201 Issue; (2) IARCH-E12D15; 7 1 8 1 Arch, 1922
Field) 1922b, Severus Rob. 381
Cheshire
1092 Clyst St George, Septimius 200–202 Issue; (3) IARCH-5FC053; 2 2 MD, 2008
Devon Severus NC 2010
1093 Abergele I, Conwy Septimius 201–206 Incomplete; IARCH-872959; 800 800 1 Agric, 1842
Severus (2) Rob. 383
1094 Hill of Megray Septimius 201–210 Issue; (2) Rob. 368 200 200 Agric, 1852
(Fetteresso), Severus
Aberdeenshire
1095 York (Micklegate Septimius 202 Incomplete; IARCH-6D2ACB; 11 11 Unknown, 1844
1), City of York Severus (2) Rob. 457A
1096 Allt yr Yn Septimius 202–210 Issue; (2) IARCH-A73D33; 2 2 Unknown, 1929
(Newport), Severus Rob. 377

Newport
1097 Standish 2000b, Septimius 202–211 Issue; (4) IARCH-51241D; 3 3 MD, 2000
Glos Severus NC 2005, 25
1098 Swinton 1853, Caracalla 202–217 Incomplete; IARCH-2426A6; 400 400 Building, 1853
1099 Arborfield, Berks Septimius 203–206 Issue; (4) IARCH-DF1331; 40 40 MD, 1998
Severus NC 1999, 23;
BNJ 2014, 28
1100 Corbridge Septimius 203–210 Imitation; IARCH-31AB63; 9 9 Arch, 1935
(Fountain drain), Severus (3) Rob. 389
Northumberland
1101 Piercebridge V, Septimius 203–211 Imitation; IARCH-FEB8A4 21 21 2 Arch, 1971
Teesside Severus (3)
1102 Bottesford (Holme), Septimius 207 Issue; (4) IARCH-B1EC85; 169 169 1 MD, 1996
North Lincs Severus NC 1998, 17;
BNJ 2015, 17
1103 Burton Green Septimius 207 Issue; (4) IARCH-E4CAE3; 65 65 MD, 1992
(Kenilworth I), Severus CHRB X
Warks
1104 Kippilaw (Bowden), Septimius 207 Issue; (3) RCS 13, 230 79 79 MD, 2010
Scottish Borders Severus
1105 Billingsgate (City Septimius 207–210 Imitation; IARCH-55506A; 142 142 Other, 1984
of London) 1984, Severus (3) Rob. 386
Greater London
(City)
1106 Heslington 1997 Septimius 207–211 Issue; (4) IARCH-E2C922; 34 34 MD, 1997
(South–East York), Severus NC 1999, 24
City of York
1107 Bristol (Rochester Septimius 208 Issue; (3) IARCH-EC691A; 1,478 2 1,480 Building, 1937
Road), Bristol Severus Rob. 385
1108 Pontefract and Septimius 208–211 Issue; (4) IARCH-8012AC; 2 2 MD, 2005
Castleford 2005, Severus NC 2007, 22
West Yorks
1109 Holme, North Septimius 209 Issue; (4) IARCH-BEFC0F; 408 408 1 MD, 2003
Lincs Severus NC 2006, 16
1110 Muswell Hill, Septimius 209–211 Issue; (3) IARCH-6ECDF3; 654 654 3 1 Other, 1928
Greater London Severus Rob. 387
1111 Much Hadham, Septimius 209–211 Issue; (4) IARCH-F122C8; 129 36 165 1 MD, 1990
Herts Severus Rob. 385A;
CHRB IX
1112 Morton Lodge, Septimius 210 Issue; (4) IARCH-E3A89E; 140 140 MD, 1986
Derbys Severus Rob. 384; CHRB X
1113 Carrawburgh 1875,Septimius 210–212 Issue; (3) IARCH-7DbcCD; 66 66 Arch, 1875
Northumberland Severus Rob. 388
1114 Axminster, Devon Septimius 193–211 Issue; (2) IARCH-9DF978; ? ? Building, 1861
Severus Rob. 363
CHECKLIST OF HOARDS
1115 Plumstead, Septimius 193–211 Incomplete; IARCH-D06E22; 40 40 1 1 Unknown, 1860

Greater London Severus (1) Rob. 370
1116 Kingsnorth 2010, Septimius 193–211 Issue; (2) IARCH-CBD32E; 9 30 39 MD, 2010
Kent Severus BNJ 2012, 25
1117 Brettenham 1901, Septimius 193–211 Issue; (2) IARCH-A9594D; ? Arch, 1901
Norfolk Severus Rob. 371
195
Table 3. Cont. 196
discovery
1118 Chesters, Septimius 193–211 Incomplete; IARCH-D794A5; ? ? Arch, 1880

Northumberland Severus (1) Rob. 372
1119 Oakham Septimius 193–211 Incomplete; IARCH-2CE063; 300 300 1 Building, 1849
(Mansfield), Notts Severus (1) Rob. 392
1120 Wroxeter 1872, Septimius 193–211 Incomplete; IARCH-3E75D5; 402 402 1 Unknown, 1872
Salop Severus (1) Rob. 373
1121 Brent Knoll, Septimius 193–211 Incomplete; IARCH-6333C9; ? 1 Unknown, 1789
Somerset Severus (1) Rob. 374
1122 Croxden (Rocester Septimius 193–211 Issue; (3) IARCH-D8E383; 3 3 MD, 2001
area), Staffordshire Severus TAR 2002, 193
1123 Hulme End Septimius 193–211 Incomplete; IARCH-C1D072; ? Building, 1919
(Fawfieldhead), Severus (1) Rob. 376A
Staffordshire
1124 Southbroom Septimius 193–211 Incomplete; IARCH-AF1402; ? 19 1 Other, 1714
(Devizes), Wilts Severus (1)
1125 Cleckheaton Septimius 193–211 Incomplete; IARCH-888526; ? ? Agric, 1700
(Stunsteads), Severus (1) Rob. 375
West Yorks
1126 Cowie Moss Septimius 193–211 Ruler; (2) Rob. 367 ? ? Agric, 1843
(Fetteresso), Severus
Aberdeenshire
1127 Leuchars (Craigie Septimius 193–211 Ruler; (1) Rob. 376 100 100 Unknown, 1808
Hill), Fife Severus
1128 Benbecula, Septimius 193–211 Issue; (2) RCS 8, p. 417 ? ? Unknown, 1808
Western Isles Severus
1129 Caerleon (Prsyg Septimius 193–211 Issue; (2) IARCH-88A115; 4 3 7 Arch, 1927
Barrack 3i), Severus G&W 194
Newport
1130 Mawgan in Severan 193–217 Incomplete; IARCH-817370; 1,600 1,600 1 Agric, 1817
Meneage, Cornwall (1) Rob. 378
1131 Sonning Common, Severan 193–217 Incomplete; IARCH-287C33; 100 100 Unknown, 1965
Oxon (1) Rob. 379
1132 Malton (Fort), Severan 193–217 Incomplete; IARCH-E9546D; 8 8 Arch, 1931
North Yorks (2) Rob. 390
1133 Brancaster 1985, Severan 193–222 Incomplete; IARCH-1B3C7D; 28 1 29 Unknown, 1985
1134 Langholm (Whita Severan 193–222 Ruler; (3) Rob. 397 10 10 Other, 1967
Hill), Dumfries
and Galloway
1135 Mapledurham Caracalla 211–212 Issue; (3) IARCH-96FEB6; 6 6 MD, 2008
2008 (South NC 2009, 28
Oxon), Oxon
1136 Darfield 1948, Caracalla 213–213 Issue; (4) IARCH-999374; 500 500 1 Building, 1948
1137 Chadwell St Mary Caracalla 213–217 Incomplete; IARCH-7C1149; 100 100 1 Other, 1956
(East Tilbury), (2) Rob. 395
Essex
1138 Attleborough, Caracalla 213–217 Issue; (3) IARCH-6ADA44; 17 17 MD, 2009
Norfolk NC 2010;
BNJ 2012, 26
1139 Seaford, Caracalla 215 Issue; (4) IARCH-14B394; 18 3 21 MD, 2006
East Sussex NC 2007, 23
1140 Nawton (?) Macrinus 217–218 Issue; (2) IARCH-E5B69C; 33 33 Unknown, 1900
(Rievaulx), Rob. 399
North Yorks
1141 Padstow III, Elagabalus 219–220 Issue; (4) IARCH-38CABB; 18 3 21 MD, 1997
Cornwall NC 2007, 24
1142 Prestwood A Elagabalus 220–220 Issue; (3) IARCH-716A2D 113 113 1 MD, 1999
(Great Missenden),
Bucks
1143 Verulamium Elagabalus 220–222 Issue; (3) IARCH-AE4881; 8 8 Arch, 1957
(Insula XIV, Rob. 400
Building 3),
Herts
1144 Fincham (South– Elagabalus 220–222 Issue; (4) IARCH-451707; 14 14 MD, 2002
West Norfolk) TAR 2002, 196
2002, Norfolk
1145 Akenham Elagabalus 220–222 Issue; (4) IARCH-69A87F; 59 59 1 1 MD, 1981
(Whitton), Rob. 403
Suffolk
1146 Verulamium Elagabalus 221 Issue; (2) IARCH-CB3B69; 21 21 1 Arch, 1974
(Outside NE Gate), Rob. 401
Herts
1147 Edston, Elagabalus 222–222 Issue; (4) RCS 10, p. 530; 290 290 MD, 1994
Scottish Borders CHRB X
1148 Housesteads Elagabalus 218–222 Issue; (2) IARCH-3AAE03; 5 5 Arch, 1931
(hoard 4), Rob. 402
Northumberland
1149 Stutton, Suffolk Elagabalus 218–222 Issue; (2) IARCH-6F14AD; 8 8 1 MD, 1979
Rob. 403A
1150 Ogbourne Elagabalus 218–222 Issue; (4) IARCH-9F2E78; 11 11 MD, 2007
St George NC 2010
(Swindon area),
CHECKLIST OF HOARDS
Wilts
1151 East Wemyss, Fife Elagabalus 218–222 Issue; (3) RCS 11, p. 249 10 10 MD, 2000
Periods 9–10. 180–222

1152 Penmaenmawr, Uncertain – 180–213 Incomplete; IARCH-C46277; 60 60 Other, 1871
Conwy 1st–mid 3rd (2) Rob. 195
century
197
Table 3. Cont. 198
discovery
Period 10. 222–38

1153 Stonea Grange II Severus 222 Issue; (4) IARCH-2418DC; 47 47 MD, 1980
Group II (March), Alexander Rob. 435
Cambs
1154 Little Burstead, Severus 222 Issue; (3) IARCH-C5531E; 30 30 MD, 1986
Essex Alexander
1155 Caernarfon Severus 222 Issue; (3) IARCH-2DBFA4; 9 9 Arch, 1922
(Segontium Alexander Rob. 413
Principia),
Gwynedd
1156 Kedington, Severus 222–224 Issue; (4) IARCH-914199; 14 14 MD, 2006
Suffolk Alexander BNJ 2012, 27
1157 Chew Stoke 1882, Severus 222–228 Issue; (2) IARCH-6C6761; 29 29 Unknown, 1882
Bath and North Alexander Rob. 424
East Somerset
1158 Dereham II Severus 222–228 Issue; (4) NMS–8019B4; 16 16 MD, 2010
(Dereham area), Alexander BNJ 2016, 64
Norfolk
1159 Colchester 1891, Severus 223 Issue; (3) IARCH-5C8CCF; 33 33 Unknown, 1891
Essex Alexander Rob. 405
1160 Quidenham Severus 223 Issue; (4) IARCH-C0E1C2; 2 2 MD, 2013
(Breckland) 2013, Alexander BNJ 2015, 18
Norfolk
1161 West Knoyle, Severus 223 Issue; (4) IARCH-BE5C3E; 6 6 MD, 2014
Wilts Alexander BNJ 2015, 21
1162 South Brent, Severus 224 Issue; (4) IARCH-BF29F5; 11 11 MD, 2014
Devon Alexander BNJ 2015, 19
1163 Shapwick 1998, Severus 224 Issue; (4) IARCH-EF8813; 9,238 9,238 1 MD, 1998
Somerset Alexander NC 2000, 29;
NC 2001, 22
1164 Edlington Wood Severus 226 Issue; (4) IARCH-9B53AB; 23 23 MD, 1978
1978a, South Alexander Rob. 412
Yorks
1165 Orpington Severus 226–235 Issue; (3) IARCH-91DAD9; 376 376 1 Building, 1934
(Forest Way), Alexander Rob. 408
Greater London
1166 Uncertain 10, Severus 226–235 Issue; (2) IARCH-bc6765; 147 147 Unknown, 1940
Uncertain Alexander Rob. 416
1167 Llanarmon Dyffryn Severus 226–235 Incomplete; IARCH-C62385; 551 551 Agric, 1918
Ceiriog (Ceiriog Alexander (2) Rob. 426
Ucha), Wrexham
1168 Shirebrook, Severus 227 Issue; (3) IARCH-5C9E26; 5 5 Arch, 1951
Derbys Alexander Rob. 404
1169 Wighton 2010, Severus 227 Issue; (4) IARCH-9DA4D7; 17 12 MD, 2010
Norfolk Alexander NC 2011;
BNJ 2014, 29
1170 Illogan, Camborne, Severus 227–235 Issue; (3) IARCH-9F0DAB; 13 13 Arch, 1931
Cornwall Alexander Rob. 417
1171 Thirston, Severus 227–235 Issue; (4) IARCH-AF2536; 107 107 1 MD, 2009
Northumberland Alexander NC 2010
1172 Standish 1926, Severus 228–235 Incomplete; IARCH-5C2023; 137 137 Agric, 1926
Greater Manchester Alexander (2) Rob. 422
1173 Housesteads Severus 229–235 Issue; (3) IARCH-FA7AE2; 5 5 Arch, 1933
(hoard 5), Alexander Rob. 409
Northumberland
1174 Falkirk, Falkirk Severus 230 Issue; (4) Rob. 415 1,925 1,925 Building, 1933
Alexander
1175 Bodfari, Severus 230–231 Incomplete; IARCH-6ECA4F; 16 16 1 Unknown, 1910
Denbighshire Alexander (2) Rob. 427
1176 Stonea Grange III Severus 231 Issue; (4) IARCH-39B692; 22 22 MD, 1985
Group II (March), Alexander Rob. 435
Cambs
1177 East of England, Severus 231 Issue; (3) IARCH-9BBF65; 3,169 3,169 1 Unknown, 1897
Essex Alexander Rob. 406
1178 Verulamium Severus 231 Issue; (3) IARCH-6DD815; 5 5 Arch, 1932
(Eastern Tower), Alexander Rob. 407
Herts
1179 Sparham Severus 231 Issue; (4) IARCH-C8EE2A; 8 8 MD, 2010
(Bawdeswell area), Alexander BNJ 2013, 52
Norfolk
1180 Wem Brook Severus 231 Incomplete; IARCH-209D89; 29 29 1 Other, 1920
(Nuneaton), Alexander (2) Rob. 425
Warks
1181 Padfield, Derbys Severus 231–235 Incomplete; IARCH-EDBB5D; 9 9 Other, 1838
Alexander (1) Rob. 418
1182 Fangfoss 2014, Severus 231–235 Poor cond; IARCH-3D3BD7; 7 7 MD, 2014
East Yorks Alexander (2) BNJ 2015, 20
1183 Kenfig (Cornelly), Severus 231–235 Issue; (3) IARCH-BFA381; 5 5 Unknown, 1925
Bridgend Alexander Rob. 414
1184 St Levan II, Severus 222–235 Issue; (3) IARCH-74154A 20 20 MD, 1995
Cornwall Alexander
1185 Kirkby Thore Severus 222–235 Accumu- IARCH-5D642C; 83 83 Building, 1838
1838, Cumbria Alexander lation; (2) Rob. 410
1186 Tiverton, Devon Severus 222–235 Incomplete; IARCH-3D1D24; ? ? 1 Agric, 1845
CHECKLIST OF HOARDS

1187 Redbridge, Severus 222–235 Issue; (2) IARCH-560A8F; 5 35 40 Other, 1883
Nursling, Hants Alexander Rob. 421
1188 Housesteads Severus 222–235 Incomplete; IARCH-36B927 ? ? 1 Arch, 1974
(hoard 1), Alexander (1)
Northumberland
199
Table 3. Cont. 200
discovery
1189 Witney, Oxon Severus 222–235 Incomplete; IARCH-A7889A; ? ? Unknown, 1700

1190 Warminster Severus 222–235 Issue; (2) IARCH-E728C1; ? ? 1 Agric, 1780
1780, Wilts Alexander Rob. 411
1191 Uncertain 1, Severus 222–235 Issue; (2) IARCH-D24504; 142 142 Unknown, 1800
Uncertain Alexander Rob. 429
1192 Dyserth Castle, Severus 222–235 Incomplete; IARCH-262968; ? ? Building, 1860
Denbighshire Alexander (1) Rob. 428
1193 Riddlesden Maximinus 235–236 Issue; (4) IARCH-BD112B; 110 110 MD, 2014
(Keighley), BNJ 2015, 22
West Yorks
1194 Bramham Maximinus 235–236 Issue; (4) IARCH-E07304; 3 3 Arch, 2007
(Wetherby) 2007 NC 2009, 29
(Wattle Syke),
West Yorks
1195 Chedworth Maximinus 235–238 Unc/ IARCH-82B8EC; ? Arch, 1923
(Roman Temple), disputed; (1) Rob. 420
Glos
1196 Cadeby 1912, Maximinus 235–238 Incomplete; IARCH-B15CCA; 28 28 Other, 1912
1197 Darfield 1947, Maximinus 235–238 Issue; (4) IARCH-896710; 481 481 1 Building, 1947
1198 Kirkham, Lancs Balbinus 238 Issue; (3) IARCH-5298B1; 43 1 44 1 Building, 1853
Rob. 433
1199 Bingley (Keighley), Pupienus 238 Incomplete; IARCH-622BF4; ? ? 1 1 Agric, 1775
Period 12. 238–60

1200 Flamstead End Gordian III 239 Issue; (3) IARCH-BFC637; 8 66 74 8 MD, 2012
(Cheshunt), BNJ 2015, 23
Herts
1201 Stonea Grange I Gordian III 240–241 Issue; (4) IARCH-70044F; 37 37 MD, 1978
Group II (March), Rob. 435
Cambs
1202 Chesterfield 1939, Gordian III 240–241 Issue; (4) IARCH-1372B8; 19 1 20 Building, 1939
Derbys Rob. 440
1203 Headbourne Gordian III 240–241 Issue; (4) IARCH-F1BA16; 6 6 MD, 1992
Worthy, Hants CHRB X
1204 Dereham I Gordian III 240–241 Issue; (3) IARCH-2EC76C; 9 1,106 1,115 MD, 2004
(Dereham area), NMS–7FB747;
BNJ 2016, 65
1205 Cheselbourne Gordian III 241–243 Issue; (4) IARCH-D118B6; 19 19 MD, 2013
2013, Dorset BNJ 2014, 31
1206 Standish 1675, Gordian III 241–243 Issue; (3) IARCH-1D4BD5; 1 97 98 Agric, 1675
Greater Manchester Rob. 442;
Shotter 1990, 145
1207 Hartlebury Gordian III 241–243 Issue; (4) IARCH-24BD9D; 57 57 MD, 1990
1990, Worcs Rob. 437A;
CHRB IX
1208 Shellingford, Gordian III 243–244 Issue; (4) IARCH-A0B1F5; 3 3 MD, 2004
Oxon TAR 2005–6, 1089;
2005 T338
1209 Littleport 1771, Gordian III 238–244 Incomplete; IARCH-FE2F47; 29 29 Building, 1771
Cambs (2) Rob. 439
1210 Polperro (Talland Gordian III 238–244 Ruler; (2) IARCH-1B1DF9; 6 6 Gardening,
Hill), Cornwall Rob. 436; 1955
Penhallurick 182
1211 Ambleside, Gordian III 238–244 Incomplete; IARCH-CB4703; ? ? ? Unknown, 1839
Cumbria (1) Rob. 445;
Shotter 1990, 179
1212 Ashover, Derbys Gordian III 238–244 Ruler; (2) IARCH-800B03; 4 38 42 Other, 1922
Rob. 437
1213 Emmet, Lancs Gordian III 238–244 Incomplete; IARCH-99774F; ? Agric, 1695
(1) Rob. 441;
Shotter 1990, 153
1214 Cowbit, Lincs Gordian III 238–244 Ruler; (3) IARCH-237089; 92 92 MD, 2003
TAR 2003, 365;
CHRB XII
1215 South Ferriby 1900, Gordian III 238–244 Ruler; (1) IARCH-39FA50; ? ? Other, 1900
North Lincs Rob. 443
1216 Reedham, Norfolk Gordian III 238–244 Incomplete; IARCH-CB3221; ? Unknown, 1800
(1) Rob. 444
1217 Felixstowe 1977, Gordian III 238–244 Incomplete; IARCH-1673F1; 34 34 Unknown, 1977
Suffolk (2) Rob. 332;
Coin Hoards VI
1218 Rhosfach, Gordian III 238–244 Ruler; (1) IARCH-2BB247; ? ? ? Unknown, 1500
Carmarthenshire Rob. 438;
G&W 660
1219 Constantine, Philip I 244–247 Issue; (2) IARCH-DAEB6D; 40 1 Agric, 1739
Cornwall Rob. 451;
Penhallurick 188
1220 Defynnog, Powys Otacilia 245–247 Issue; (2) IARCH-710CA4; ? Agric, 1759
CHECKLIST OF HOARDS
Severa Rob. 458;

G&W 832
1221 Great Chesterford Philip II 246–247 Issue; (2) IARCH-5ADFDB; 59 36 95 Other, 1949
1949, Essex Rob. 448
1222 Edlington Wood Philip I 246–247 Issue; (4) IARCH-253890; 1 80 81 Unknown, 1935
1935b, Rob. 472
South Yorks
201
Table 3. Cont. 202
discovery
1223 Timsbury, Bath Philip I 248 Issue; (4) IARCH-4F6DD7; 4 16 20 MD, 2011
and North East BNJ 2013, 54
Somerset
1224 Cambridge 1897, Philip II 248–249 Issue; (3) IARCH-6F3785; 52 155 207 Unknown, 1897
Cambs Rob. 447
1225 Elveden 1953, Philip I 248–249 Issue; (4) IARCH-809F6C; 965 8 1,146 Other, 1953
Suffolk Rob. 449
1226 Crich 1788, Philip II 244–249 Ruler; (1) IARCH-220726; ? Agric, 1788
Derbys Rob. 452
1227 Whitchurch, Philip I 244–249 Ruler; (1) IARCH-4FF4A4; 22 Agric, 1818
Devon Rob. 453
1228 Great Chesterford Philip I 244–249 Ruler; (1) IARCH-816D4D ? 12 Arch, 1948
1948, Essex
1229 Ribchester 1746, Philip I 244–249 Ruler; (1) IARCH-57C2CC; 600 Unknown, 1700
Lancs Rob. 454;
Shotter 1990, 164
1230 Scottow, Norfolk Philip I 244–249 Issue; (3) IARCH-CA0B41; 110 110 1 MD, 2012
NMS–0B7521;
NMS–D6A1E6;
NMS–A64323;
BNJ 2013, 53;
BNJ 2017
1231 Brighton 1761, Philip I 244–249 Ruler; (1) IARCH-E00F45; 1,000 Unknown, 1750
1232 Fairfield, Worcs Philip I 244–249 Ruler; (1) IARCH-4C44CE; 100 Agric, 1833
Rob. 456
1233 Heslington 2004 Philip I 244–249 Ruler; (3) IARCH-E8A75B; 6 6 MD, 2004
(York Area), TAR 2005–6, 1090
City of York
1234 York (Railway 1), Philip I 244–249 Ruler; (1) IARCH-5D70AB; 200 Building, 1840
1235 Howden 2012, Philip I 244–249 Ruler; (2) IARCH-6AD99C; 1 1 2 MD, 2012
East Yorks BNJ 2013, 55
1236 Caerwent Philip I 244–249 Ruler; (2) IARCH-D8B86A; 400 Unknown, 1851
(Village Green), G&W 35
Monmouthshire
1237 Jersey, Trajan Decius 249–250 Issue; (4) Rob. 462; 21 21 Unknown, 1978
Channel Islands
1238 Rayleigh, Essex Trajan Decius 250–251 Issue; (2) IARCH-9D59C6; 18 99 117 Agric, 1850
Rob. 464
1239 Cole Henley, Trajan Decius 250–251 Issue; (4) IARCH-3C177B; 9 6 15 MD, 2005
Hants TAR 2005–6, 1091;
2005 T170 and
2006 T535
1240 Brickendonbury, Trajan Decius 250–251 Issue; (3) IARCH-DBD505; 45 387 432 Agric, 1895
Herts Rob. 465
1241 Brighthampton, Hostilian 250–251 Ruler; (2) IARCH-D73C22; 10 Arch, 1857
Oxon Rob. 466
1242 Cadeby 1981, Herennius 250–251 Issue; (3) IARCH-E819E4; 9 103 112 MD, 1981
South Yorks Etruscus Rob. 463; this is
not the hoard in
CHRB II
1243 Lime Street 1882 Trajan Decius 251 Issue; (2) IARCH-292F5F; 363 437 591 Building, 1882
(City of London), Rob. 460; NC 1882,
Greater London 1883 and 1956
(City)
1244 Harworth, Notts Trajan Decius 249–251 Ruler; (2) BNJ 2016, 66 26 243 27 270 Arch, 2015
1245 Otley, West Yorks Trajan Decius 249–251 Ruler; (1) IARCH-EF6E9A; ? 1 Unknown, 1888
Rob. 461
1246 Twycross, Leics Trebonianus 252 Issue; (4) IARCH-B1FE27; 6 24 30 MD, 2007
Gallus NC 2008, 20
1247 Cartmel, Cumbria Trebonianus 251–253 Ruler; (2) IARCH-4A92B5; 524 Other, 1806
Gallus Rob. 468; Shotter
1990, 199
1248 Ribchester 1816, Trebonianus 251–253 Ruler; (1) IARCH-4B945F; ? Unknown, 1700
Lancs Gallus Rob. 467; Shotter
2011, 99
1249 Poole 1936, Valerian & 254 Issue; (2) IARCH-1DEABE; 34 34 Unknown, 1936
Dorset, Poole Gallienus Rob. 469
1250 Horsforth, Valerian & 254 Issue; (3) Thoresby Soc. 3 3 Building, 1909
West Yorks Gallienus Pub. XXIII
1251 Long Ashton 1817, Valerian & 254–258 Issue; (2) IARCH-5921A0; 1,000 Agric, 1817
North Somerset Gallienus Rob. 455
1252 Llanddeiniolen, Valerian & 255–256 Issue; (3) IARCH-EEDAD1; 21 3 1 25 Arch, 1992
Gwynedd Gallienus NC 1996, 115;
CHRB XII;
G&W 1068
1253 Abergele III, Valerian & 255–258 Issue; (2) IARCH-9A36C5; ? Unknown, 1858
Conwy Gallienus Rob. 1405A;
G&W 894
1254 Uncertain 9, Valerian & 255–258 Issue; (2) IARCH-D58922; 290 29 319 Unknown, 1939
Uncertain Gallienus Rob. 473;
1255 Dorchester 2, Valerian & 257 Issue; (3) IARCH-5E5FEF; 20,732 16 20,748 Building, 1936
Dorset Gallienus Rob. 470
1256 Hindlip, Worcs Valerian & 258–259 Issue; (3) IARCH-B2649E; 10 6 16 MD, 2010
CHECKLIST OF HOARDS
Gallienus NC 2011
1257 Burwell Farm, Valerian & 258–260 Issue; (4) IARCH-C29797; 23 56 79 MD, 1983
North Lincs Gallienus Rob. 471;
CHRB VI
1258 Marham I Valerian & 258–260 Ruler; (2) IARCH-C9C7E0; 4 4 MD, 2013
(Swaffham), Gallienus BNJ 2014, 32
Norfolk
203
Table 3. Cont. 204
discovery
1259 Ripley II, Derbys Valerian & 259–260 Issue; (4) IARCH-19DA02; 3 3 MD, 2011
Gallienus BNJ 2012, 28
1260 Earnley, Valerian & 259–260 Issue; (2) IARCH-479BB1; 829 11 840 Agric, 1824
West Sussex Gallienus Rob. 511
1261 Bredon A, Worcs Valerian & 259–260 Issue; (4) IARCH-51DC26; 16 16 MD, 2006
Gallienus NC 2007, 27;
2006 T474
1262 Edlington Wood Valerian & 259–260 Issue; (4) IARCH-202F7C; 172 356 528 Unknown, 1935
1935c, South Gallienus Rob. 472
Yorks
1263 Llandovery, Valerian & 259–260 Issue; (2) IARCH-756978; 12 Unknown, 1741
Carmarthenshire Gallienus Rob. 476;
G&W 634
1264 Grimston 1984, Valerian & 253–260 Ruler; (2) IARCH-2AB40E 5 3 8 MD, 1984
Leics Gallienus
1265 Kentwell, Valerian & 253–260 Ruler; (2) IARCH-8E5B0D 1 3 4 MD, 2008
Northants Gallienus
Period 13. 260–75

1266 Mattishall 1968, Postumus 260–261 Issue; (3) IARCH-D44DA6; 339 746 1,084 Building, 1968
Norfolk Rob. 489
1267 Whitchurch, Bath Postumus 260–262 Issue; (2) IARCH-7ED79F; 18 18 Agric, 1890
and North East Rob. 508
Somerset
1268 Stowting, Kent Postumus 260–262 Issue; (2) IARCH-151586; 400 400 Agric, 1777
Rob. 502
1269 Ham Hill 1882, Postumus 260–262 Issue; (2) IARCH-93B774; 1,066 1,066 Unknown, 1882
Somerset Rob. 506
1270 Flaggrass 1951, Postumus 261 Issue; (4) IARCH-3B4DAF; 9 9 Agric, 1951
Cambs Rob. 482
1271 St Levan III, Postumus 261 Ruler; (3) CORN–DC395B; 179 179 MD, 2015
Cornwall BNJ 2016, 67
1272 Leysdown, Kent Postumus 261 Ruler; (3) IARCH-A2B187; 500 500 Other, 1968
Rob. 486
1273 Ramsgate 1969, Postumus 261 Ruler; (2) IARCH-18E95D; 27 27 Building, 1969
Kent Rob. 487
1274 Nevill Holt, Leics Postumus 261 Issue; (3) IARCH-B715C4; 253 253 MD, 2003
TAR 2003, 366
1275 Fineshade, Postumus 261 Issue; (4) IARCH-263984; 173 89 262 MD, 1994
Northants NC 1996, 116;
CHRB X
1276 Leigh (E Staffs), Postumus 261 Ruler; (3) IARCH-C25F32; 34 34 MD, 2011
Staffordshire BNJ 2012, 29
1277 Barlby, Postumus 261 Issue; (4) IARCH-38E7FE; 5 4 9 MD, 2012
North Yorks BNJ 2013, 56
1278 Stevenage, Herts Postumus 262–266 Issue; (4) IARCH-53AFD7; 2,193 386 2,579 Arch, 1986
Rob. 485;
CHRB VIII
1279 Aston Flamville Postumus 262–266 Issue; (4) IARCH-C1B35F; 95 51 182 MD, 2006
(Hinckley area), NC 2007, 28
Leics
1280 Letwell, Postumus 262–266 Issue; (4) IARCH-62B126; 3 29 32 MD, 2004
South Yorks TAR 2004, 440
1281 Austerfield, Postumus 262–266 Issue; (4) IARCH-F26159; 33 9 42 Agric, 1963
1282 Menai Bridge, Postumus 263–266 Issue; (3) IARCH-7825B1; 29 8 37 MD, 1978
Isle of Anglesey Rob. 495;
G&W 1136
1283 Usk (Cae Puta), Gallienus 263–266 Ruler; (1) IARCH-D28A93; 2 2 Building, 1842
Monmouthshire (sole) Rob. 481;
G&W 152
1284 Lavant II, Postumus 264–265 Issue; (4) IARCH-E3D283; 7 2 9 MD, 2003
West Sussex TAR 2003, 367;
2003 T243
1285 Woodcote, Oxon Postumus 265–266 Issue; (3) IARCH-184E6A; 77 1 78 Building, 1939
Rob. 491
1286 Llangristiolus Postumus 265–266 Issue; (3) IARCH-98EC35; 6 6 Arch, 2003
(Cefn Cwmwd),
Isle of Anglesey
1287 Croston (Ulnes Postumus 266–267 Issue; (2) IARCH-107892; 65 65 Other, 1884
Walton), Lancs Rob. 504;
Shotter 1990, 164
1288 Caister on Sea 2, Postumus 266–267 Issue; (3) IARCH-65C8C0; 188 663 851 Building, 1946
Norfolk Rob. 488
1289 Billingford Postumus 266–267 Issue; (3) IARCH-7564E7; 10 36 46 Arch, 1996
(Breckland), TAR 2005–6, 1095;
Norfolk 2005 T118
1290 Crowmarsh, Postumus 266–267 Issue; (4) IARCH-925EDA; 25 312 337 MD, 1991
Oxon CHRB X
1291 Sandford Hill, Postumus 266–267 Issue; (2) IARCH-75AC03; 28 26 54 Other, 1830
Wembdon Rob. 505
(Axbridge),
Somerset
1292 Piercebridge Postumus 266–267 Issue; (3) IARCH-19E49E; 129 1 130 Arch, 1974
CHECKLIST OF HOARDS
(Kilngarth Field), Rob. 484

Teesside
1293 Alcester 3, Warks Postumus 266–267 Issue; (3) IARCH-597CC0; 95 51 146 Building, 1967
Rob. 493
1294 Sharrow Point, Gallienus 266–268 Issue; (3) IARCH-84C556; 7 7 Other, 1980
Cornwall (sole) Rob. 468A; CHRB IX;
Penhallurick 210
205
Table 3. Cont. 206
discovery
1295 Exeter 1715, Postumus 268 Issue; (2) IARCH-972D46; 281 30 311 Unknown, 1715
Devon Rob. 483
1296 New Forest 1991, Postumus 268 Issue; (2) IARCH-C8409C; 12 12 MD, 1991
Hants NC 1998, 21;
NC 2002, 15;
CHRB XII
1297 Portsdown Hill, Postumus 268 Issue; (3) IARCH-EC4BBD; 10 10 MD, 1976
Hants Rob. 499
1298 Kings Langley II, Postumus 268 Issue; (4) IARCH-FD156C 17 17 Gardening,
Herts 1957
1299 Wateringbury, Postumus 268 Issue; (3) IARCH-128C3E; 10 10 Unknown, 1872
Kent Rob. 503
1300 Ilketshall St John Postumus 268 Issue; (2) IARCH-B59172; 121 121 MD, 1997
(Bungay area), NC 1998, 19;
Suffolk CHRB XII;
NC 2007, 30
1301 Burwash (High Postumus 268 Issue; (4) IARCH-349D15; 2,894 2,894 MD, 2005
Weald), East NC 2007, 29
Sussex
1302 Beachy Head 1964, Postumus 268 Issue; (3) IARCH-666105; 3,139 27 3,173 Agric, 1964
1303 Podington Wold, Gallienus 260–268 Ruler; (1) IARCH-5E2A7C; 15 Unknown, 1800
Beds (sole) Rob. 473A
1304 Stonea 1820, Gallienus 260–268 Incomplete; IARCH-203797; ? Agric, 1820
Cambs (sole) (1) Rob. 474
1305 Old Ford 1938, Gallienus 260–268 Ruler; (1) IARCH-782CE4; ? ? Building, 1938
Greater London (sole)
1306 Canterbury Gallienus 260–268 Ruler; (1) IARCH-DAD5E6; 2 2 Unknown, 1876
(Martyr’s Field or (sole) B&L 333
Whitehall), Kent
1307 Wangford, Suffolk Gallienus 260–268 Ruler; (1) IARCH-4897F4; ? 3,000 Unknown, 1913
(sole) Rob. 478
1308 Nettleton Gallienus 260–268 Ruler; (2) IARCH-840D6C ? ? Arch, 1956
(Building VI), (sole)
Wilts
1309 Rotherham, Gallienus 260–268 Incomplete; IARCH-30375C; ? Building, 1869
South Yorks (sole) (1) Rob. 480

1310 Caerwent 1850, Gallienus 260–268 Ruler; (2) IARCH-CB1622; 117 Unknown, 1850
Monmouthshire (sole) Rob. 477;
G&W 19
1311 Chorlton, Postumus 260–269 Ruler; (1) IARCH-BAC014; ? Agric, 1818
Cheshire Rob. 496;
Shotter 2000, 175
1312 Castle Pencaire, Postumus 260–269 Ruler; (1) IARCH-0C2F6D; ? Other, 1825
1313 Pamphill 1736, Postumus 260–269 Incomplete; IARCH-648E44; 20 Agric, 1736
Dorset (1) Rob. 497
1314 Preston 1812, Postumus 260–269 Ruler; (1) IARCH-C56051; ? Agric, 1812
Dorset Rob. 498
1315 Hounsdown Hill, Postumus 260–269 Ruler; (2) IARCH-B932E7; ? Unknown, 1814
Hants Rob. 500;
NMR: 226800
1316 Michelmersh, Postumus 260–269 Ruler; (1) IARCH-5881EB; ? Unknown, 1840
Hants Rob. 501
1317 New Forest 1747, Postumus 260–269 Incomplete; IARCH-73A720; ? Unknown, 1746
Hants (1) Rob. 512A
1318 Reculver 1960, Postumus 260–269 Ruler; (1) IARCH-97B0AA 4 4 Arch, 1960
Kent
1319 Norwich 1924, Postumus 260–269 Ruler; (2) IARCH-D2A5C5; 15 1 16 1 Other, 1924
Norfolk Rob. 490
1320 Kilton, Somerset Postumus 260–269 Ruler; (1) IARCH-FE7E0E; ? Unknown, 1700
Rob. 507
1321 Levington, Suffolk Postumus 260–269 Ruler; (1) IARCH-B12F21; ? Other, 1801
Rob. 509
1322 Uncertain, Suffolk Postumus 260–269 Ruler; (2) IARCH-7B614E; 83 83 Unknown, 1972
Rob. 510
1323 Sprotbrough 1979c, Postumus 260–269 Ruler; (1) NC 1982, p.28 8 8 Unknown, 1979
South Yorks
1324 Cleckheaton Postumus 260–269 Ruler; (1) IARCH-D406D1; ? 3 1 Agric, 1690
(Hedleshaw), Rob. 512
West Yorks
1325 Ile Agois, Jersey Postumus 260–269 Ruler; (1) IARCH-177D53 18 18 Arch, 1975
1326 Littleport 1931, Claudius II 268–269 Ruler; (2) IARCH-60FD74; 4 8 13 Unknown, 1931
Cambs Rob. 529
1327 Worldham, Hants Claudius II 268–269 Ruler; (2) IARCH-0C560C; 30 Unknown, 1800
Pastscape 243367;
HER 17132
1328 Harlaxton, Lincs Claudius II 268–269 Ruler; (1) IARCH-6DB7CB; ? Unknown, 1740
Rob. 541
1329 Hillington, Claudius II/ 268–269 Ruler; (3) IARCH-9C8854; 5 7 12 MD, 2003
Norfolk Postumus TAR 2003, 368
1330 Upwell Fen 1837, Claudius II 268–269 Ruler; (1) IARCH-C0CB0A; ? Agric, 1837
Norfolk Rob. 542
1331 Towcester Claudius II 268–269 Ruler; (2) IARCH-99AE51 3 3 Arch, 1967
CHECKLIST OF HOARDS
(Alchester Road),
Northants
1332 Wantage 1892, Claudius II 268–269 Ruler; (2) IARCH-1124EC; 1 29 30 1 Unknown, 1892
Oxon Rob. 538
1333 Dinton, Wilts Claudius II 268–269 Ruler; (1) IARCH-7914FA; 23 23 Unknown, 1970
Rob. 544
207
Table 3. Cont. 208
discovery
1334 Fangfoss 2012, Claudius II 268–269 Issue; (4) IARCH-A68921; 5 5 MD, 2012
1335 Holyhead 1843, Claudius II/ 268–269 Ruler; (1) IARCH-C12A26; ? 1 1 Unknown, 1843
Isle of Anglesey Postumus Rob. 545;
G&W 1113
1336 Sprotbrough Claudius II 269 Issue; (3) IARCH-E2BF4E; 8 8 MD, 1979
1979a, South NC 1982, p.28
Yorks
1337 Cowbridge Marius 269 Incomplete; IARCH-E7EB71; ? Unknown, 1586
(Castle), Vale of (1) Rob. 513;
Glamorgan G&W 452
1338 Forest of Dean, Quintillus 270 Incomplete; IARCH-76913C; 100 Unknown, 1847
Glos (1) Rob. 552
1339 Sprotbrough Quintillus 270 Ruler; (1) NC 1982, p.30, 9 9 Unknown, 1979
1979b, South n. 18
Yorks
1340 Ipsden 2012b Victorinus 269–270 Issue; (4) IARCH-BDBD56; 40 27 67 MD, 2012
(South Oxon), BNJ 2013, 60;
Oxon BNJ 2015, 24
1341 Watchfield 1903, Victorinus 269–270 Issue; (2) IARCH-B7539C, 16 16 Arch, 1903
Oxon IARCH-784E37;
Rob. 514
1342 Hatfield Victorinus 269–270 Issue; (3) IARCH-65425A; 31 31 MD, 2007
(Doncaster area), NC 2008, 22;
1343 Wortley, Victorinus 269–270 Issue; (4) IARCH-783387; 70 11 81 MD, 1992
South Yorks CHRB X
1344 Colchester (Inner Victorinus 270–271 Issue; (3) IARCH-D7D9C2 4 4 Arch, 1972
Relief Road site B),
Essex
1345 Bassaleg, Newport Victorinus 270–271 Issue; (3) IARCH-977EE7; 903 1 904 MD, 1986
Rob. 536A;
CHRB IX
1346 Caerleon Victorinus 270–271 Issue; (4) IARCH-57B4C7; 51 51 Arch, 1986
(Cambria House), Rob. 517; CHRB IX;
Newport G&W 187
1347 Heddon on the Victorinus 270–271 Issue; (3) IARCH-37F74E; 8 8 Unknown, 1700
Wall 1700, (or Quintillus) Rob. 551;
Northumberland
1348 Biglis (Dinas Victorinus 270–271 Issue; (3) IARCH-9BA877; 23 23 Arch, 1979
Powys), Vale of Rob. 546; G&W 440
Glamorgan
1349 Luton Hoo, Beds Victorinus 271 Issue; (2) IARCH-2B9EB2; 495 11 506 Unknown, 1862
Rob. 537
1350 Gare, Cornwall Victorinus 271 Issue; (3) IARCH-F5CBBF; 40 7 1037 1,084 Agric, 1967
Rob. 530;
Penhallurick 92
1351 St Blazey, Victorinus 271 Issue; (4) IARCH-6Ebc85; 45 45 MD, 2012
1352 Colchester 2011, Victorinus 271 Issue; (4) IARCH-98C362; 1,247 1,247 Arch, 2011
Essex BNJ 2012, 30
1353 Andover Victorinus 271 Issue; (2) IARCH-6E8D10; 5 5 Building, 1855
(Wolousdean), Rob. 515
Hants
1354 Bourne End, Herts Victorinus 271 Issue; (3) IARCH-66AC10; 5 35 40 Unknown, 1976
Rob. 533
1355 Welwyn, Herts Victorinus 271 Issue; (3) IARCH-1B37B3; 145 5 150 Gardening,
Rob. 549; NC 1969 1961
1356 Branston, Lincs Victorinus 271 Issue; (3) IARCH-7A98D5; 10 10 MD, 2005
TAR 2005–6, 1098
2005 T267
1357 Choseley, Norfolk Victorinus 271 Issue; (2) IARCH-741807; 465 465 Agric, 1942
Rob. 548
1358 Stiffkey 1931, Victorinus 271 Issue; (3) IARCH-C39699; 18 18 Unknown, 1931
Norfolk Rob. 516; NC 1931
1359 Vindolanda 1976, Victorinus 271 Issue; (3) IARCH-32B00F; 111 111 Arch, 1976
1360 Leek, Staffordshire Victorinus 271 Issue; (2) IARCH-8DB132; ? Other, 1770
Rob. 543
1361 Wherstead 1997, Victorinus 271 Issue; (3) IARCH-BDD59B 30 30 MD, 1997
Suffolk
1362 Selsey 1932, Victorinus 271 Issue; (3) IARCH-C697A3; 966 9 975 Gardening,
West Sussex Rob. 550 1932
1363 Pyle, Bridgend Victorinus 271 Issue; (2) IARCH-AEDF43; 10 10 Unknown, 1950
Rob. 525; G&W 300
1364 Compton Downs Victorinus 269–271 Incomplete; IARCH-A55F61; 500 Agric, 1852
(East Ilsley) 1852, (1) Rob. 519
Berks
1365 Flaggrass 1949, Victorinus 269–271 Ruler; (3) IARCH-8CD9BD; 28 2 30 Agric, 1949
Cambs Rob. 539
1366 Crich 1761, Victorinus 269–271 Ruler; (2) IARCH-503B45; 4 4 Other, 1761
Derbys Rob. 520
1367 Ashburton, Victorinus 269–271 Ruler; (1) IARCH-Dbc6CB; ? Unknown, 1837
CHECKLIST OF HOARDS
Devon Rob. 531

1368 Haldon Belvedere Victorinus 269–271 Incomplete; IARCH-5D4DE0; ? ? Unknown, 1793
(Dunchideok), (1) Rob. 521
Devon
1369 Hennock, Devon Victorinus 269–271 Ruler; (1) IARCH-FDA9E2; ? Unknown, 1837
Rob. 531A
209
Table 3. Cont. 210
discovery
1370 Coleford 1848a, Victorinus 269–271 Ruler; (1) IARCH-892E52; ? Other, 1848
Glos Rob. 540
1371 Lymm I, Greater Victorinus 269–271 Ruler; (1) IARCH-00A123; ? Unknown, 1700
Manchester Rob. 527
1372 Lyndhurst, Hants Victorinus 269–271 Ruler; (2) IARCH-1C2E89; 7 7 Unknown, 1845
Rob. 532
1373 Timsbury 1845, Victorinus 269–271 Ruler; (1) IARCH-1820B1; 12 12 Unknown, 1845
Hants Rob. 522
1374 M1 Motorway, Victorinus 269–271 Issue; (3) IARCH-981B4D; 228 207 435 Building, 1965
Leics NC 2001, 24;
CHRB XII
1375 Deeping St James Victorinus 269–271 Ruler; (1) IARCH-63CBD8; 782 Unknown, 1807
1807, Lincs Rob. 523
1376 Arno Hill (Oxton), Victorinus 269–271 Unc/ IARCH-227366; ? Other, 1834
Merseyside disputed; (1) Rob. 1520
1377 Yeovil 2013, Victorinus 269–271 Issue; (4) IARCH-FFA12A; 3,158 179 3,337 Arch, 2013
1378 Edlington Wood Victorinus 269–271 Issue; (3) IARCH-865239; 8 8 Other, 1975
1975 (The Crags), Rob. 761; Coin
South Yorks Hoards III no.173,
p.61
1379 Carmarthen, Victorinus 269–271 Ruler; (3) IARCH-2AB7C9; ? Gardening,
Carmarthenshire G&W 582 1983
1380 Coedmore, Victorinus 269–271 Ruler; (1) IARCH-4AD049; 250 250 Unknown, 1920
Ceredigion G&W 675
1381 Haverfordwest, Victorinus 269–271 Ruler; (1) IARCH-5B6849; ? ? Unknown, 1800
Pembrokeshire Rob. 547; G&W 725
1382 Llangamarch Victorinus 269–271 Ruler; (1) IARCH-C056B0; ? Unknown, 1871
Wells, Powys Rob. 528; G&W 847
1383 Llangynog, Powys Victorinus 269–271 Ruler; (2) IARCH-997616; ? Other, 1824
Rob. 526; G&W 851
1384 Wareham I, Dorset Aurelian 271 Issue; (4) IARCH-3DB3D1; 1,412 149 8 1,569 Arch, 1994
NC 1997, 36;
CHRB X
1385 Emneth 1938, Aurelian 271–272 Issue; (2) IARCH-25FE56; 1594 1594 1 Unknown, 1938
Norfolk Rob. 723
1386 Cheltenham area, Aurelian 270–274 Ruler; (2) IARCH-525CB3; 378 378 Unknown, 1985
Glos Coin Hoards VII,
p. 166
1387 Adderstone, Aurelian 270–275 Ruler; (2) IARCH-B04DD3; 12 16 28 Agric, 1856
1388 Bath (Beau Street), Tetricus I 272 Issue; (4) IARCH-F3D646; 15,782 1795 17,577 Arch, 2007
Bath and North NC 2008, 21
East Somerset
1389 Addington, Tetricus I 272 Issue; (4) IARCH-7AACA2; 170 170 Unknown, 1977
Greater London Rob. 585; CHRB II
1390 Purbrook Heath, Tetricus I 272 Issue; (4) IARCH-B9016E; 207 207 Unknown, 1982
Hants Rob. 565; CHRB IV
1391 Bramham cum Tetricus II 272 Issue; (3) IARCH-98921A 2 2 Unknown, 1969
Oglethorpe,
North Yorks
1392 Mawnan, Tetricus I 272–273 Issue; (3) IARCH-9CFEB1; 10 10 Unknown, 1830
Cornwall Rob. 609;
Penhallurick 130
1393 Bowes Roman Tetricus I 272–273 Issue; (3) IARCH-6721ED; 6 6 Arch, 1966
Fort, Cumbria Shotter 2011,
p. 120–1
1394 Beckfoot 2006, Tetricus I 272–273 Issue; (3) IARCH-6EE5C6; 308 308 MD, 2010
Cumbria NC 2011; Shotter
2011, 110–111
1395 Exeter 1977, Tetricus I 272–273 Issue; (3) IARCH-FFC19C; 26 26 Arch, 1977
Devon Rob. 616
1396 Plymouth 1918, Tetricus I 272–273 Issue; (3) IARCH-695EB9; 4 4 Unknown, 1918
Devon Rob. 617
1397 East Mersea Tetricus I 272–273 Issue; (3) IARCH-A1C7FB; 657 657 MD, 1980
1980, Essex Rob. 562; CHRB IV
1398 Poulton, Glos Tetricus I 272–273 Issue; (4) IARCH-35054A; 154 154 MD, 2005
NC 2006, 19
1399 Rodborough, Glos Tetricus I 272–273 Issue; (2) IARCH-EA6B8B; 25 25 Gardening,
NC 2003, 12 2002
1400 Andover (Weyhill Tetricus I 272–273 Issue; (2) IARCH-49BF27; 18 18 Agric, 1855
Road), Hants Rob. 564
1401 Leckford, Hants Tetricus I 272–273 Issue; (4) IARCH-ABB810; 130 6 136 MD, 2006
NC 2007, 36;
NC 2009, 32
1402 Verulamium Tetricus I 272–273 Issue; (3) IARCH-31D1FE; 8 8 Arch, 1932
(Building III, 2), Rob. 567
Herts
1403 Verulamium Tetricus I 272–273 Issue; (3) IARCH-FBD667; 52 52 Arch, 1932
(Eastern Tower: Rob. 566
West Wall), Herts
1404 Canterbury Tetricus I 272–273 Issue; (2) IARCH-B9E167; 50 50 1 Arch, 1961
CHECKLIST OF HOARDS
(Butcher’s Lane), Rob. 569

Kent
1405 Maidstone Tetricus I 272–273 Issue; (3) IARCH-933120; 58 58 Unknown, 1979
(Vinter’s Park), Rob. 570; CHRB II;
Kent CHRB IV
1406 Lutterworth 1869, Tetricus I 272–273 Issue; (2) IARCH-CE93EB; 254 254 Unknown, 1869
Leics Rob. 573
211
Table 3. Cont. 212
discovery
1407 Kenninghall, Tetricus I 272–273 Issue; (2) IARCH-3D7E4A; 7 7 MD, 2014

Norfolk NMS–865B3E;
BNJ 2016, 70
1408 Wiggenhall Tetricus I 272–273 Issue; (3) IARCH-99763D; 28 28 Unknown, 1860
St Mary Magdalen, Rob. 534
Norfolk
1409 Wookey Hole Tetricus I 272–273 Issue; (4) IARCH-1CC7E0; 15 15 Arch, 1975
1975, Somerset Rob. 655
1410 Bleadon Hill, Tetricus I 272–273 Issue; (4) IARCH-23C69F; 30 30 MD, 2002
North Somerset NC 2003, 9
1411 Wickham Market, Tetricus I 272–273 Issue; (4) IARCH-537A66; 1,588 1,588 Building, 1983
Suffolk Rob. 703; CHRB VI
1412 Beachy Head 1973, Tetricus I 272–273 Issue; (3) IARCH-162415; 5,540 5,540 MD, 1973
1413 Combe Hill, Tetricus I 272–273 Issue; (3) IARCH-E35FE5; 170 170 MD, 1980
East Sussex Rob. 587; CHRB VI
1414 Seamer, Tetricus II 272–273 Issue; (2) IARCH-5312FA; 5 5 Other, 1956
1415 Polegate, Tetricus I 272–273 Issue; (2) IARCH-8BF90B; 17 17 Unknown, 1960
1416 Wishaw, Warks Tetricus I 272–273 Issue; (2) IARCH-3B45AC; 156 156 Unknown, 1884
2A1688; Rob. 589A;
CHRB IX
1417 Caernarfon Tetricus I 272–273 Issue; (3) IARCH-9A29A0; 21 21 1 Unknown, 1922
(Segontium Rob. 595; G&W 1044
Building XII),
Gwynedd
1418 Coldham, Cambs Tetricus I 273 Issue; (2) IARCH-11846F; 8 8 Agric, 1889
Rob. 598;
1419 Ethy, Cornwall Tetricus I 273 Issue; (4) IARCH-4A9DDA; 1,095 1,095 MD, 2000
NC 2002, 16;
CHRB XII;
Penhallurick 2009,
58
1420 Brougham 1910, Tetricus I 273 Issue; (2) IARCH-E21B34; 500 500 Building, 1910
Cumbria Rob. 662;
Shotter 1990, 182

1421 Worth Matravers, Tetricus I 273 Issue; (2) IARCH-C72bc5; 35 35 Unknown, 2003
Dorset TAR 2003, 371
1422 Emneth 1941, Tetricus I 273 Issue; (3) IARCH-1F1854; 659 5 664 Agric, 1941
Norfolk Rob. 579
1423 Everton 2011, Tetricus I 273 Issue; (2) IARCH-E0C5C7; 50 1 52 MD, 2011
Notts BNJ 2012, 31
1424 Bristol 1931, Tetricus I 273–274 Issue; (3) IARCH-5FDDC4; 323 323 Unknown, 1931
Bristol Rob. 804
1425 Stonea Camp Tetricus I 273–274 Issue; (4) IARCH-3C91FB; 25 25 Unknown, 1970
1970, Cambs Rob. 603
1426 Westmoor, Cambs Tetricus I 273–274 Issue; (3) IARCH-D1BF27; 34 34 Unknown, 1960
Rob. 712
1427 Chester Tetricus I 273–274 Issue; (2) IARCH-868770; 7 7 Arch, 1930
(Amphitheatre), Rob. 558;
Cheshire Shotter 2000, 165
1428 Bridport, Dorset Tetricus I 273–274 Issue; (2) IARCH-89104C; 56 56 Other, 1935
Rob. 618
1429 Colchester Tetricus I 273–274 Issue; (4) IARCH-C36656; 6,104 17 3 6,124 MD, 1983
(Oliver’s Orchard), IARCH-4184BA;
Essex IARCH-3E85E8;
Rob. 696; CHRB VI
1430 Beverston Tetricus I 273–274 Issue; (3) IARCH-D4D3F3; 10 10 MD, 2010
(Cotswold area) II, NC 2011;
Glos BNJ 2012, 34
1431 Lower Slaughter Tetricus I 273–274 Issue; (3) IARCH-ECCBBD; 133 1 134 Other, 1958
1958, Glos Rob. 717
1432 Moneybury Hill Tetricus I 273–274 Issue; (3) IARCH-3C618B; 8 2 78 116 Building, 1870
1870, Herts Rob. 568
1433 Lancaster (Docker Tetricus I 273–274 Issue; (3) IARCH-791F4F; 123 123 Unknown, 1975
Moor), Lancs Rob. 572;
Shotter 1990, 190
1434 Deeping St James Tetricus I 273–274 Issue; (3) IARCH-FD1F93; 515 515 Unknown, 1967
1435 Baschurch, Salop Tetricus I 273–274 Issue; (3) IARCH-31F3A8; 36 36 MD, 2007
NC 2009, 31
1436 Longford Grange, Tetricus I 273–274 Issue; (4) IARCH-4D4D81; 49 49 MD, 2002
Salop NC 2003, 11;
CHRB XII
1437 Redhill Tetricus I 273–274 Issue; (3) IARCH-E4D4F1; 69 69 Arch, 1973
(Lilleshall), Salop Rob. 1304; Browne
& Boon, 1974
1438 South Petherton Tetricus I 273–274 Issue; (3) IARCH-BD8431; 7,555 1 2 7,558 MD, 2013
2013, Somerset BNJ 2015, 25
1439 Storrington 2007, Tetricus I 273–274 Issue; (4) IARCH-BA9F19; 16 16 MD, 2007
West Sussex SUSS-bc6150;
NC 2008, 24
1440 Throckley, Tetricus I 273–274 Issue; (3) IARCH-8B8EA7; 5,024 5,024 Building, 1879
CHECKLIST OF HOARDS
Tyne and Wear Rob. 702

1441 Highfield, Wilts Tetricus I 273–274 Issue; (2) IARCH-BD29D3; 25 25 Arch, 1866
Rob. 591
1442 Nettleton Tetricus I 273–274 Issue; (3) IARCH-7DBB57; 87 87 Arch, 1938
(Priestley excavs), Rob. 590
Wilts
213
Table 3. Cont. 214
discovery
1443 Drax 2005, Tetricus I 273–274 Issue; (3) IARCH-5542E9; 125 125 MD, 2005
North Yorks NC 2010;
BNJ 2013, 62
1444 Stockton on the Tetricus I 273–274 Issue; (4) IARCH-C01A2F; 1,050 1,050 MD, 2008
Forest (York area) PATAR 2008, 527
III, North Yorks
1445 Doncaster Tetricus I 273–274 Issue; (4) IARCH-778B87; 1,220 1,220 Agric, 1945
(Sheepcote Rob. 729
Meadow),
South Yorks
1446 Montgomery, Tetricus I 273–274 Issue; (3) IARCH-87A3B6; 4,853 1 4,854 MD, 2011
Powys BNJ 2012, 33
1447 Swallowfield, Tetricus I 274 Issue; (3) IARCH-7594E7; 30 30 Unknown, 1880
Berks Rob. 554
1448 Reading 2015 Tetricus I 274 Issue; (3) SUR-0A38E9 532 532 1 Arch, 2015
(Ridgeway Primary
School), Berks
1449 March IV, Cambs Tetricus I 274 Issue; (3) IARCH-746263; 816 816 Agric, 1934
Rob. 557
1450 Pidley cum Fenton Tetricus I 274 Issue; (4) IARCH-BB4F0A; 140 140 MD, 2012
(Huntingdon BNJ 2013, 63
District), Cambs
1451 Chester 1858, Tetricus I 274 Issue; (2) IARCH-980534; 64 64 Building, 1858
Cheshire Rob. 606;
Shotter 2000,
163–164
1452 Peover Superior, Tetricus I 274 Issue; (2) LVPL–E332C6; 6,677 6,677 1 MD, 2015
Cheshire BNJ 2016, 68
1453 Lerryn Tetricus I 274 Issue; (4) IARCH-BF557E; 103 103 1 MD, 1982
(Lostwithiel), Rob. 559; CHRB VI;
1454 Warton Sands, Tetricus I 274 Issue; (3) IARCH-963B42; 30 30 8 MD, 2010
Cumbria NC 2011;
Shotter 2011, 99
1455 Whitehaven A, Tetricus I 274 Issue; (3) Shotter 2011, 16 16 Unknown, ?
Cumbria p. 119
1456 Poole 1930, Tetricus I 274 Issue; (3) IARCH-9C0FE5; 964 1 965 Building, 1930
Dorset, Poole Rob. 715
1457 Epping Forest, Tetricus I 274 Issue; (3) IARCH-65C209; 53 53 Unknown, 1977
Essex Rob. 563; CHRB II
1458 Great Chesterford Tetricus I 274 Issue; (3) IARCH-FAEE25; 89 89 Unknown, 1934
1459 Hambrook Area, Tetricus I 274 Issue; (3) IARCH-46FE9E; 44 44 MD, 1998
South Glos NC 2001, 25;
CHRB XII
1460 Boothstown, Tetricus I 274 Issue; (3) IARCH-FD7017; 540 540 Gardening,
Greater Rob. 698; 1947
Manchester Shotter 1990, 148
1461 Blackmoor 1875, Tetricus I 274 Issue; (3) IARCH-140AC1; 46 46 Unknown, 1875
Hants Rob. 631
1462 Botley, Hants Tetricus I 274 Issue; (4) IARCH-569EED; 1,393 1 1,394 MD, 1994
NC 1997, 37;
CHRB X
1463 Netley, Hants Tetricus I 274 Issue; (2) IARCH-78F480; 1,821 1,821 Building, 1867
Rob. 719
1464 Great Wymondley, Tetricus I 274 Issue; (3) IARCH-FB9A57; 67 67 Arch, 1884
Herts Rob. 637; CHRB IX
1465 Brighstone 2011, Tetricus I 274 Issue; (4) IARCH-Fbc8C2; 696 696 1 Other, 2011
Isle of Wight BNJ 2013, 61
1466 Preesall with Tetricus I 274 Issue; (2) IARCH-947E4D; 325 325 Agric, 1926
Hackensall, Lancs Rob. 640;
Shotter 2011, 96
1467 Market Deeping, Tetricus I 274 Issue; (3) IARCH-8E1F78; 2,857 11 2,868 MD, 1980
Lincs IARCH-4FC580;
Rob. 699; CHRB IV
1468 Kirton in Lindsey I, Tetricus I 274 Issue; (4) IARCH-1096D1; 875 875 MD, 1999
North Lincs NC 2001, 27;
CHRB XII
1469 Sutton Bonington, Tetricus I 274 Issue; (2) IARCH-503B30; 179 1 180 Unknown, 1895
Notts Rob. 646
1470 Chetwynd, Aston Tetricus I 274 Issue; (4) IARCH-273A52 56 56 MD, 2004
and Woodcote
2004, Salop
1471 Frome (Frome III), Tetricus I 274 Issue; (4) GLO-34FA82; 11 11 MD, 2015
1472 Ham Hill 1802, Tetricus I 274 Issue; (4) IARCH-DECDA9; 491 491 Agric, 1802
Somerset Rob. 583
1473 Meare Heath, Tetricus I 274 Issue; (4) IARCH-F83432; 1,404 1,404 Agric, 1972
Somerset Rob. 584
1474 Woolavington, Tetricus I 274 Issue; (4) IARCH-bc37D8; 44 44 MD, 2012
1475 Acton Trussell Tetricus I 274 Issue; (3) IARCH-E66024; 73 73 MD, 2005
and Bednall, NC 2006, 20
CHECKLIST OF HOARDS
Staffordshire
1476 Mildenhall Tetricus I 274 Issue; (2) IARCH-BD5318; 1,285 1 1,286 Agric, 1831
1831, Suffolk Rob. 726
1477 Beachy Head 1961, Tetricus I 274 Issue; (3) IARCH-6C5529; 5,296 5,296 Agric, 1961
1478 Brighton 1904, Tetricus I 274 Issue; (3) IARCH-E92D98; 928 928 Building, 1904
215
Table 3. Cont. 216
discovery
1479 Westmeston Tetricus I 274 Issue; (3) IARCH-5CE8B7; 61 61 MD, 1984

1984, East Sussex Rob. 589; CHRB VI
1480 Cunetio 1978 Tetricus I 274 Issue; (4) IARCH-43F4C9; 54,330 620 1 54,951 MD, 1978
(Mildenhall), Rob. 707
Wilts
1481 Nomansland, Tetricus I 274 Issue; (4) IARCH-C2D5B3; 1,907 1,907 MD, 1996
Wilts NC 1998, 22;
CHRB XII
1482 Uncertain 1900, Tetricus I 274 Issue; (2) IARCH-CE69A7; 32 32 Unknown, 1900
1483 Brodsworth, Tetricus I 274 Issue; (2) IARCH-FCEC9C; 10 10 Other, 1960
1484 Cadeby 1978, Tetricus I 274 Issue; (4) IARCH-6E4419; 1,681 1,681 MD, 1978
South Yorks IARCH-4E2E9F;
Rob. 708; CHRB II
1485 Doncaster Tetricus I 274 Issue; (2) IARCH-6EF15A; 209 209 Unknown, 1841
(Campsmount), Rob. 667
South Yorks
1486 High Green, Tetricus I 274 Issue; (4) IARCH-F986FB; 738 738 MD, 2001
South Yorks NC 2002, 17;
NC 2003, 10
1487 Marr, South Yorks Tetricus I 274 Issue; (2) IARCH-D7087C; 79 79 Agric, 1949
Rob. 673
1488 Mytholmroyd, Tetricus I 274 Issue; (2) IARCH-5C2D62; 597 597 Other, 1952
West Yorks Rob. 592
1489 Upton, Tetricus I 274 Issue; (3) IARCH-F12017; 303 303 Agric, 1927
West Yorks Rob. 594
1490 Uncertain 12, Tetricus I 274 Issue; (2) IARCH-CC4A89; 988 988 Unknown, 1975
Uncertain Rob. 596
1491 Llanedeyrn 1892, Tetricus I 274 Issue; (2) IARCH-842685; 110 110 Agric, 1892
Cardiff Rob. 733; G&W 318
1492 Llanedeyrn 1975, Tetricus I 274 Issue; (2) IARCH-5A7989; 1,194 1,194 Building, 1975
Cardiff Rob. 709; G&W 319
1493 Amlwch, Tetricus I 274 Issue; (3) IARCH-55A686; 422 422 Building, 1937
Isle of Anglesey Rob. 732;
G&W 1091
1494 Camerton 1817C, Tetricus I 271–274 Incomplete; IARCH-F71ACA; 334 334 Arch, 1817
Bath and North (2) Rob. 649
East Somerset
1495 Bristol 1962, Tetricus I 271–274 Ruler; (2) IARCH-89CE75; 42 42 Other, 1900
Bristol Rob. 648
1496 Cambridge 1889, Tetricus I 271–274 Incomplete; IARCH-94A00C; 2,308 2,308 Agric, 1962
Cambs (3) Rob. 711
1497 Cottenham Tetricus I 271–274 Incomplete; IARCH-A30A8B; 5,084 5,084 MD, 1986
1986, Cambs (2) Rob. 694A
1498 Newton, Cambs Tetricus I 271–274 Ruler; (1) IARCH-37bcC7; ? ? Unknown, 1787
Rob. 599
1499 Shudy Camps, Tetricus I 271–274 Incomplete; IARCH-98C3BE; 8 8 Unknown, 1879
Cambs (2) Rob. 600
1500 Uncertain, Cambs Tetricus I 271–274 Incomplete; IARCH-E00A0A; 29 29 Arch, 1938
(2) Rob. 604
1501 Wood Walton, Tetricus I 271–274 Incomplete; IARCH-A19647; ? ? Agric, 1886
Cambs (1) Rob. 638
1502 Breage, Cornwall Tetricus I 271–274 Incomplete; IARCH-FF7124; ? 1,600 Agric, 1779
(1) Rob. 607;
Penhallurick 39,
242
1503 Ludgvan 1793, Tetricus I 271–274 Ruler; (1) IARCH-29CFEF; 1,000 1,000 Agric, 1793
Cornwall Rob. 608;
Penhallurick 122
1504 Morvah 1789, Tetricus I 271–274 Ruler; (1) IARCH-B50C79; ? ? Agric, 1789
Cornwall Rob. 610;
Penhallurick 31
1505 Sennen, Cornwall Tetricus I 271–274 Ruler; (1) IARCH-72FC4C; 300 300 Other, 1807
Rob. 611;
Penhallurick 115
1506 St Veep, Cornwall Tetricus I 271–274 Issue; (2) IARCH-82ED0C; ? Unknown, 1758
Penhallurick 114–15
1507 Seaham 1810, Tetricus I 271–274 Ruler; (1) IARCH-BAA059; ? Unknown, 1810
County Durham Rob. 620
1508 Plumpton, Tetricus I 271–274 Ruler; (2) IARCH-AB9C47; 51 51 Unknown, 1890
Cumbria Rob. 612;
Shotter 1990, 198
1509 Crich 1771, Tetricus I 271–274 Ruler; (2) IARCH-Cbc4A6; 8 8 Agric, 1772
Derbys Rob. 613
1510 Upper Langwith, Tetricus I 271–274 Ruler; (2) IARCH-19E50A; 1,647 1,647 Other, 1876
Derbys Rob. 713
1511 Cadbury, Devon Tetricus I 271–274 Ruler; (3) IARCH-C09C0E; 8 8 Unknown, 1830
Rob. 614
1512 Dorchester Tetricus I 271–274 Ruler; (3) IARCH-ACFB39 29 29 Arch, 1984
(Greyhound Yard),
Dorset
1513 Poole 1833, Tetricus I 271–274 Ruler; (3) IARCH-F6E3C9; 328 328 Agric, 1833
Dorset, Poole Rob. 714
CHECKLIST OF HOARDS
1514 Braintree 1828, Tetricus I 271–274 Ruler; (1) IARCH-952839; 3,000 3,000 Gardening,
Essex Rob. 621 1828
1515 Great Chesterford Tetricus I 271–274 Ruler; (2) IARCH-AB4512; 2 10 12 Arch, 1855
1516 Little Waltham, Tetricus I 271–274 Ruler; (1) IARCH-D455D4; 180 180 Other, 1901
Essex Rob. 626
217
Table 3. Cont. 218
discovery
1517 Pleshey 1907, Tetricus I 271–274 Ruler; (3) IARCH-1F6B4E; 8 8 Arch, 1907
Essex Rob. 625
1518 Bourton, Glos Tetricus I 271–274 Ruler; (3) IARCH-BD7938; 17 17 Arch, 1934
Rob. 627
1519 Coleford 1847, Tetricus I 271–274 Ruler; (1) IARCH-C7C9FF; 5,000 5,000 Building, 1847
Glos Rob. 628
1520 Sapperton 1759, Tetricus I 271–274 Incomplete; IARCH-88ACF1; 3,000 3,000 Other, 1759
Glos (1) Rob. 697
1521 Lincoln’s Inn Fields, Tetricus I 271–274 Ruler; (1) IARCH-F7D9CD; ? ? Unknown, 1748
Greater London Rob. 642A
1522 Fenchurch Street 2 Tetricus I 271–274 Ruler; (2) IARCH-176D08; 23 23 Unknown, 1926
(City of London), Rob. 576
Greater London
(City)
1523 Brookheath, Tetricus I 271–274 Incomplete; IARCH-E21B94; 4,020 4,020 Agric, 1893
Hants (1) Rob. 718
1524 Cadnam 1853, Tetricus I 271–274 Incomplete; IARCH-542FD5; 1,700 Unknown, 1853
Hants (1) Rob. 690
1525 Hayling Island, Tetricus I 271–274 Ruler; (1) IARCH-8D2EDC 250 250 Unknown, 1994
Hants
1526 Nursling and Tetricus I 271–274 Ruler; (2) IARCH-BDCE3F; 5 5 Other, 1966
Rownhams, Hants Pastcape 226699
1527 East Anton Tetricus I 271–274 Issue; (2) IARCH-4FE418 7 7 Arch, 2007
(Smannell 2007),
Hants
1528 Southampton, Tetricus I 271–274 Ruler; (1) IARCH-250A02; 13 13 Unknown, 1860
Hants Rob. 633
1529 Verulamium Tetricus I 271–274 Issue; (2) IARCH-85A1CF; 4 4 Arch, 1958
(Building XIV, 5), Rob. 636
Herts
1530 Deal 1832, Kent Tetricus I 271–274 Incomplete; IARCH-30282A; 2,000 Unknown, 1832
(2) Rob. 721
1531 Ashby de la Tetricus I 271–274 Ruler; (1) IARCH-A73817; ? ? Agric, 1818
Zouche, Leics Rob. 641
1532 Ancaster 1841, Tetricus I 271–274 Ruler; (2) IARCH-7021AD; 2,159 2,159 Agric, 1841
Lincs Rob. 722
1533 Tinwell, Stamford, Tetricus I 271–274 Ruler; (2) IARCH-DC936A; 4 4 Arch, 1972
Lincs Rob. 691
1534 Hockwold cum Tetricus I 271–274 Ruler; (2) IARCH-D08C59; 6 6 MD, 2003
Wilton 5, Norfolk TAR 2003, 369
1535 Boddington, Tetricus I 271–274 Incomplete; IARCH-98B75E; 360 360 Agric, 1873
Northants (2) Rob. 724
1536 Northampton Tetricus I 271–274 Incomplete; IARCH-A68320 ? ? Building, 1936
(Kings Heath), (1)
Northants
1537 Nottingham Tetricus I 271–274 Ruler; (1) IARCH-1EEFF1; ? ? Agric, 1690
1690, Notts IARCH-DA6187;
Rob. 644
1538 Chalgrove 2015, Tetricus I 271–274 Imitation; IARCH-3B8AB2; 10 10 MD, 2015
Oxon (4) BNJ 2015, 28
1539 Cheddar, near, Tetricus I 271–274 Incomplete; IARCH-C2746C; 28 28 Unknown, 1984
1984, Somerset (2) Rob. 650; NC
1987, 172f.
1540 Lydeard Tetricus I 271–274 Incomplete; IARCH-700D8B; ? Agric, 1666
St Lawrence, (1) Rob. 725;
Somerset Rob. 725A
1541 Wincanton, Tetricus I 271–274 Incomplete; IARCH-EAD230; ? ? Agric, 1720
Somerset (1) Rob. 692 = 1807
1542 Kingston Seymour, Tetricus I 271–274 Ruler; (2) IARCH-93B2C1; 800 800 Other, 1884
North Somerset Rob. 654
1543 Great Bookham, Tetricus I 271–274 Ruler; (2) IARCH-845BBB; 51 51 Agric, 1846
Surrey Rob. 658
1544 Rottingdean, Tetricus I 271–274 Ruler; (1) IARCH-CB7C3B; ? ? Agric, 1798
1545 Watersfield, Tetricus I 271–274 Incomplete; IARCH-618FC7; 1,700 1,700 Unknown, 1815
West Sussex (1) Rob. 727
1546 Uncertain Tetricus I 271–274 Ruler; (2) IARCH-3F8A0C; 22 22 Unknown, 1954
1954, Wilts HER MWI16225
1547 Hollym, Tetricus I 271–274 Ruler; (3) IARCH-861FE8; 1,220 1,220 Other, 1800
East Yorks Rob. 730
1548 Bolton Castle, Tetricus I 271–274 Ruler; (1) IARCH-CBFE83; 10 10 Unknown, 1832
North Yorks Rob. 676A
1549 Cloughton, Tetricus I 271–274 Ruler; (1) IARCH-B3C0EB; ? ? Unknown, 1850
1550 Kirklington, Tetricus I 271–274 Ruler; (2) IARCH-6C8DE5; 5 5 Unknown, 1909
1551 Seamer Moor, Tetricus I 271–274 Ruler; (1) IARCH-83F7F0; ? ? Unknown, 1850
1552 Wensleydale, Tetricus I 271–274 Ruler; (1) IARCH-614144; 1,100 1,100 Agric, 1832
1553 Sheffield Tetricus I 271–274 Ruler; (1) IARCH-C5FB99; 35 35 Agric, 1823
(Crookes Moor), Rob. 675
South Yorks
CHECKLIST OF HOARDS
1554 Keighley, Tetricus I 271–274 Ruler; (2) IARCH-32A2AB ? Building, 1860

West Yorks
1555 Todmorden, Tetricus I 271–274 Ruler; (1) IARCH-2198AD; 3,000 Unknown, 1837
West Yorks HER 1781 and 1782
1556 Uncertain 8, Tetricus I 271–274 Ruler; (1) IARCH-47EE31; 249 249 Unknown, 1920
Uncertain Rob. 735
219
Table 3. Cont. 220
discovery
1557 Uddingston, Tetricus I 271–274 Ruler; (1) Rob. 694 ? ? Building, 1848
South Lanarkshire
1558 Newcastle Higher, Tetricus I 271–274 Ruler; (2) IARCH-687713; 42 42 MD, 2006
Bridgend TAR 2005–6, 1250
1559 Draethen, Tetricus I 271–274 Ruler; (3) IARCH-A11C27; 14 14 Arch, 1966
Caerphilly Rob. 819; G&W 305
1560 Llysfaen 1692, Tetricus I 271–274 Ruler; (1) IARCH-AE5B2F; 6 6 Unknown, 1692
Conwy Rob. 681; G&W 931
1561 Llanbedr, Tetricus I 271–274 Ruler; (1) IARCH-943DAE; ? ? Unknown, 1610
Gwynedd Rob. 682; G&W 1067
1562 Caerwent Tetricus I 271–274 Imitation; IARCH-9E8C8B; 25 25 Arch, 1973
(Vicarage Orchard), (3) Rob. 683; G&W 34
Monmouthshire
1563 Tintern, Tetricus I 271–274 Ruler; (2) IARCH-9CFF7F; 18 18 Unknown, 1872
Monmouthshire Rob. 684; G&W 145
1564 Llansamlet, Tetricus I 271–274 Ruler; (2) IARCH-82A606; 44 44 Other, 1835
Swansea Rob. 734; G&W 386
1565 Flitwick, Beds Tetricus II 272–274 Ruler; (1) IARCH-47987A; 177 177 Agric, 1880
Rob. 553
1566 Moneybury Hill Tetricus II 272–274 Ruler; (2) IARCH-3D3C55; 30 30 MD, 1977
1977, Bucks Rob. 556;
Coin Hoards VI, 157
1567 Snelshall, Bucks Tetricus II 272–274 Ruler; (1) IARCH-3248AD; 140 140 Agric, 1857
Rob. 597
1568 Wimblington Tetricus II 272–274 Incomplete; IARCH-5460F5; 52 52 Agric, 1848
1848, Cambs (2) Rob. 601
1569 Wimblington 1879 Tetricus II 272–274 Incomplete; IARCH-AF4FCF; 126 126 Unknown, 1879
(March), Cambs (2) Rob. 602
1570 Brereton, Tetricus II 272–274 Ruler; (2) IARCH-F189F1; 507 507 Agric, 1820
Cheshire Rob. 605;
Shotter 2000, 175
1571 Bewcastle III, Tetricus II 272–274 Ruler; (2) IARCH-EDB89A; 13 13 1 Arch, 1937
Cumbria Rob. 559A;
Shotter 1995, 62
1572 Aveton Gifford, Tetricus II 272–274 Ruler; (2) DEV-A0BD4A; 43 43 MD, 2010
Devon BNJ 2016, 69
1573 Compton Gifford, Tetricus II 272–274 Ruler; (1) IARCH-AB3269; 350 350 Building, 1887
Devon Rob. 615
1574 Colchester 1906, Tetricus II 272–274 Ruler; (2) IARCH-43A6B4; 49 49 Unknown, 1906
Essex Rob. 623
1575 Great Easton Tetricus II 272–274 Ruler; (1) IARCH-A50543; ? Unknown, 1779
(Dunmow area), Rob. 624
Essex
1576 Southchurch, Tetricus II 272–274 Ruler; (1) IARCH-EE9265; 23 Unknown, 1976
Essex Pastscape 418966
1577 Coleford 1850, Tetricus II 272–274 Ruler; (2) IARCH-A03CB6; 251 251 Unknown, 1850
Glos Rob. 629
1578 Southwark Tetricus II 272–274 Ruler; (2) IARCH-E6FAC9; 554 554 Building, 1864
(Grove St.), Rob. 642
Greater London
1579 Manchester Tetricus II 272–274 Ruler; (2) IARCH-4ABF29; 192 192 Unknown, 1895
(Birchfields), Rob. 639;
Greater Shotter 1990, 138
Manchester
1580 Alton, Hants Tetricus II 272–274 Ruler; (1) IARCH-0F5B58; 80 80 Unknown, 1990
HER 39131
1581 Blackmoor Tetricus II 272–274 Ruler; (2) IARCH-570CFE; 100 Gardening,
1870, Hants Rob. 630 1870
1582 Sholing, Hants Tetricus II 272–274 Ruler; (2) IARCH-7295E4; 13 13 Unknown, 1860
Rob. 632
1583 Northchurch Tetricus II 272–274 Ruler; (3) IARCH-66CB5F; 27 27 Arch, 1973
1584 Freshwater 1863, Tetricus II 272–274 Ruler; (1) IARCH-16328F; 250 250 Agric, 1863
Isle of Wight Rob. 634
1585 Ventnor 1928, Tetricus II 272–274 Ruler; (2) IARCH-D2CE36; 246 246 Building, 1928
1586 Dover (Saxon Tetricus II 272–274 Ruler; (3) IARCH-97DE08 15 15 Arch, 1969
Shore fort), Kent
1587 Springhead 1880, Tetricus II 271–274 Ruler; (2) IARCH-BE3C9F; 120 120 Unknown, 1880
Kent Rob. 571
1588 Mablethorpe Tetricus II 272–274 Ruler; (2) IARCH-F43865; 22 22 Unknown, 1928
1589 Baconsthorpe, Tetricus II 272–274 Ruler; (2) IARCH-F794C8; 3,678 4 3,682 Agric, 1878
Norfolk Rob. 700
1590 Caistor by Norwich Tetricus II 272–274 Ruler; (2) IARCH-3CF81C; 86 86 Arch, 1929
1929, Norfolk Rob. 578
1591 Holme Hale, Tetricus II 272–274 Ruler; (2) IARCH-EE3DFA; 42 42 Unknown, 1943
Norfolk Rob. 580
1592 Thurton, Norfolk Tetricus II 272–274 Ruler; (1) IARCH-4EA9C9; ? Unknown, 1707
Rob. 643
1593 Northampton Tetricus II 272–274 Ruler; (1) IARCH-987123; 45 45 Arch, 1974
(Weedon Road), IARCH-FC16A6;
Northants Rob. 581
1594 Great Chesters Tetricus II 272–274 Ruler; (2) IARCH-D780F1; 120 120 Arch, 1897
CHECKLIST OF HOARDS
1897, Rob. 582

Northumberland
1595 Ravenshead, Tetricus II 272–274 Issue; (4) IARCH-A8DE9B 2,300 1 Building, 1989
Notts
1596 Stanford on Soar, Tetricus II 272–274 Ruler; (2) IARCH-61556B; 21 21 Building, 1896
Notts Rob. 645
221
Table 3. Cont. 222
discovery
1597 Wallingford, Tetricus II 272–274 Ruler; (1) IARCH-2755E4; ? Unknown, 1726

Oxon Rob. 555
1598 Moreton Say, Tetricus II 272–274 Ruler; (2) IARCH-EE104F; 850 850 Agric, 1898
Salop Rob. 647
1599 Franks Ground, Tetricus II 272–274 Ruler; (3) IARCH-16786A; 3 3 Agric, 1982
Somerset Minnitt 2007
1600 Ham Hill 1816, Tetricus II 272–274 Incomplete; IARCH-C7B6D1; ? Agric, 1816
Somerset (1) Rob. 651
1601 Ilchester 1931, Tetricus II 272–274 Incomplete; IARCH-1DED56; 7 7 Building, 1931
1602 Ilchester Mead, Tetricus II 272–274 Ruler; (3) IARCH-656A68; 56 56 Arch, 1967
Somerset Rob. 653
1603 Doxey, Tetricus II 272–274 Ruler; (3) IARCH-7E2B48 18 2 20 MD, 1975
Staffordshire
1604 Bury St Edmunds Tetricus II 272–274 Ruler; (2) IARCH-E80645; 97 97 Unknown, 1938
area 1938, Suffolk Rob. 656
1605 Lackford 1978, Tetricus II 272–274 Ruler; (1) IARCH-19C129; 200 200 MD, 1978
Suffolk HER LKD 044
1606 Stowlangtoft, Tetricus II 272–274 Ruler; (1) IARCH-6CF2B1; 7,000 7,000 Agric, 1764
Suffolk Rob. 657
1607 Beachy Head 1878, Tetricus II 272–274 Ruler; (2) IARCH-AB492F; 521 521 Other, 1878
1608 Newhaven I, Tetricus II 272–274 Ruler; (2) IARCH-187AFD; 73 73 Agric, 1920
1609 Mossy Bottom Tetricus II 272–274 Ruler; (2) IARCH-E4B4B8; 4,103 2 4,105 MD, 1999
(Shoreham area), NC 2001, 26
West Sussex
1610 Piercebridge Tetricus II 272–274 Ruler; (2) IARCH-C6C814; 203 203 Agric, 1920
(5 miles north), Rob. 619
Teesside
1611 Piercebridge Tetricus II 272–274 Ruler; (3) IARCH-FD133A 21 Arch, 1977
(Fort, outer ditch),
Teesside
1612 South Shields Tetricus II 272–274 Ruler; (2) IARCH-FFB75E; 44 44 Arch, 1977
1977, Tyne and Rob. 560
Wear
1613 Knowle, Tetricus II 272–274 Ruler; (1) IARCH-6DD654; ? Agric, 1778

West Midlands Rob. 661
1614 Hedon, East Yorks Tetricus II 272–274 Ruler; (2) IARCH-AB9AEA; ? ? Unknown, 1922
Rob. 670
1615 Glaisdale, Tetricus II 272–274 Ruler; (2) IARCH-84E9B6; 23 23 Other, 1912
1616 Clifton (near Tetricus II 272–274 Ruler; (1) IARCH-C92DE9; 150 150 Agric, 1705
Edlington), Rob. 668
South Yorks
1617 Edlington Wood Tetricus II 272–274 Ruler; (2) IARCH-7494BB; 110 110 MD, 1978
1978b, South Unpublished BM
Yorks file reports
1618 Throapham, Tetricus II 272–274 Incomplete; IARCH-9A4A1B; 43 2 45 Agric, 1864
1619 Adel cum Eccup, Tetricus II 272–274 Ruler; (1) IARCH-1B4B88; 500 500 Agric, 1742
West Yorks Rob. 664
1620 Meanwood, Tetricus II 272–274 Ruler; (2) IARCH-C19907; 36 36 Unknown, 1915
West Yorks Rob. 672
1621 Uncertain 2, Tetricus II 272–274 Ruler; (2) IARCH-277C96; 1,348 1,348 Unknown, 1800
Uncertain Rob. 689
1622 Llandeilo, Tetricus II 272–274 Ruler; (2) IARCH-687690; 6 6 Unknown, 1850
G&W 630
1623 Aberystwyth, Tetricus II 272–274 Ruler; (2) IARCH-4358CC; ? Unknown, 1855
Ceredigion Rob. 677;
G&W 668
1624 Capel Bangor Tetricus II 272–274 Ruler; (2) IARCH-11B017; 26 26 Unknown, 1927
1929, Ceredigion Rob. 678;
G&W 674
1625 Llwyn y Gwalch, Tetricus II 272–274 Ruler; (1) IARCH-4461CE; 18 18 Building, 1837
Gwynedd Rob. 680 = 693;
G&W 1063
1626 Llanarth, Tetricus II 272–274 Ruler; (2) BNJ 2017 21 21 MD, 2015
Monmouthshire
1627 Fishguard 1780, Tetricus II 272–274 Ruler; (2) IARCH-6AA335; 15 15 Agric, 1780
Pembrokeshire Rob. 685;
G&W 715
1628 Fishguard 1877, Tetricus II 272–274 Ruler; (1) IARCH-BA64C4; 93 93 Gardening,
Pembrokeshire Rob. 686; 1876
G&W 717
1629 Coleford 1839, Aurelian 274–275 Incomplete; IARCH-B15FFA; ? Other, 1839
Glos (1) Rob. 716
1630 Long Wittenham, Aurelian 274–275 Ruler; (2) IARCH-3F6E5D; 100 1 101 Unknown, 1900
Oxon Rob. 710
1631 Tinwell 1999, Aurelian 274–275 Issue; (2) IARCH-DA180A; 2,829 1 2,830 MD, 1999
Rutland NC 2001, 28
1632 Idmiston, Wilts Aurelian 274–275 Ruler; (3) IARCH-2F2bc2; 72 72 MD, 2004
CHECKLIST OF HOARDS
NC 2005, 39
Periods 12–13. 238–75

1633 Scole 1973, Gallienus 253–268 Ruler; (2) IARCH-A91904; 1 3 4 Arch, 1973
Norfolk (joint or sole) Rob. 423
1634 Bagden Gallienus 253–268 Ruler; (1) IARCH-AFC76C; ? Agric, 1716
(Mickleham), Surrey (joint or sole) Rob. 479
223
Table 3. Cont. 224
discovery
Period 14. 275–96

1635 Camerton 1948, Barbarous 275–285 Imitation; IARCH-110721; 85 85 Arch, 1948
Bath and North radiates (2) Rob. 805
East Somerset
1636 Filwood, Bath Barbarous 275–285 Imitation; IARCH-8AEDD3; 422 422 Agric, 1869
and North East radiates (2) Rob. 808; PSA, (2),
Somerset VIII (1879–81), 385;
AJ, XXVII (1870),
69f
1637 Childerley Gate, Barbarous 275–285 Imitation; IARCH-4FD743; 4,487 4,487 Arch, 2005
Cambs radiates (3) NC 2007, 35
1638 Christchurch, Barbarous 275–285 envoe; (3) IARCH-5866F3; 411 3 18 432 MD, 2013
Cambs radiates BNJ 2015, 27
1639 Gwithian, Barbarous 275–285 Imitation; IARCH-0EFC6A; 5 5 MD, 1990
Cornwall radiates (2) Penhallurick 70
1640 Hayle, Cornwall Barbarous 275–285 Imitation; IARCH-A45C2E; ? Building, 1825
radiates (2) Rob. 790;
Penhallurick 74
1641 Liskeard (East Barbarous 275–285 Imitation; IARCH-6E7EFC; 20 20 Unknown, 1952
Cornwall), radiates (3) Rob. 792;
1642 Perranarworthal, Barbarous 275–285 Imitation; IARCH-309EEA; 60 60 Other, 1844
Cornwall radiates (2) Rob. 791;
Penhallurick 33
1643 Beckfoot 2005, Barbarous 275–285 Imitation; IARCH-7F43D2; 19 19 MD, 2005
Cumbria radiates (3) NC 2007, 34;
Shotter 2011, 109
1644 Brougham 1914, Barbarous 275–285 Imitation; IARCH-518A90; 22 22 Other, 1914
Cumbria radiates (3) Rob. 815;
Shotter 1990, 181
1645 Watercrook Barbarous 275–285 Imitation; IARCH-9053BB ? 8 Arch, 1974
Roman Fort, radiates (2)
Cumbria
1646 Little Chester Barbarous 275–285 Imitation; IARCH-98AAED; 214 214 Arch, 1987
(Darley) IV, radiates (3) Shotter 2011,
Derbys p. 126
1647 Ripley (Amber Barbarous 275–285 Imitation; IARCH-2D9830 3,632 3,632 MD, 2010
Valley) IV, Derbys radiates (4)
1648 Colchester 1958, Barbarous 275–285 Imitation; IARCH-280105; 153 153 Arch, 1958
Essex radiates (2) Rob. 793
1649 Ivy Chimneys Barbarous 275–285 Imitation; IARCH-81B691 255 255 Arch, 1970
(Witham) 1, Essex radiates (3)
1650 Ivy Chimneys Barbarous 275–285 Imitation; IARCH-818365 329 Arch, 1979
1651 Ivy Chimneys Barbarous 275–285 Imitation; IARCH-81D172 17 17 Arch, 1980
1652 Frocester Court Barbarous 275–285 Imitation; IARCH-2308AF; 70 70 Arch, 1961
Roman Villa 1, radiates (3) Rob. 794
Glos
1653 Gloucester Barbarous 275–285 Imitation; IARCH-6F8190; 9 9 Arch, 1976
(Westgate) 5, radiates (2) Rob. 795
Glos
1654 Kingscote 1979, Barbarous 275–285 Imitation; IARCH-73AD1A; ? Arch, 1979
Glos radiates (1) Rob. 796
1655 Lime Street 1952 Barbarous 275–285 Imitation; IARCH-ED4EA0; 32 32 Arch, 1952
(City of London), radiates (3) Rob. 800
Greater London
(City)
1656 Paternoster Row Barbarous 275–285 Imitation; IARCH-BBB99B; 542 542 Arch, 1961
(City of London), radiates (3) Rob. 577
Greater London
(City)
1657 Kings Somborne, Barbarous 275–285 Imitation; IARCH-DE8137; 25 25 MD, 2005
Hants radiates (2) NC 2006, 23
1658 Verulamium Barbarous 275–285 Imitation; IARCH-655442; 90 90 Arch, 1960
(Insula XIX), radiates (3) Rob. 798
Herts
1659 Verulamium Barbarous 275–285 Imitation; IARCH-5A1078; 796 796 Arch, 1933
(Theatre), Herts radiates (3) Rob. 797
1660 Canterbury 1968, Barbarous 275–285 Imitation; IARCH-A5DEA1 20 20 Unknown, 1968
Kent radiates (3)
1661 Preesall Hill, Barbarous 275–285 Imitation; IARCH-423531; 11 11 Agric, 1934
Lancs radiates (2) Rob. 799;
Shotter 1990, 160–161
1662 East Winch Barbarous 275–285 Imitation; IARCH-E9774E; 78 78 MD, 2004
2004, Norfolk radiates (3) NC 2005, 8
1663 West Acre 1985, Barbarous 275–285 Imitation; IARCH-1C044B; 81 81 MD, 1985
Norfolk radiates (3) Rob. 580A;
CHRB IX (addenda)
1664 Housesteads Barbarous 275–285 Imitation; IARCH-36D2F5; 4 4 Arch, 1981
(hoard 2), radiates (3)
Northumberland
1665 Calverton 1959, Barbarous 275–285 Imitation; IARCH-E28AF9; 1,460 1,460 Building, 1959
CHECKLIST OF HOARDS
Notts radiates (2) Rob. 802

1666 Calverton 1960, Barbarous 275–285 Imitation; IARCH-9C23C1; 293 293 Building, 1960
Notts radiates (2) Rob. 803
1667 Cheddar (Pride Barbarous 275–285 Imitation; IARCH-CF9354; 47 47 Unknown, 1926
Evans Hole), radiates (3) Rob. 806
Somerset
225
Table 3. Cont. 226
discovery
1668 Glastonbury, Barbarous 275–285 Imitation; IARCH-1D5A3B; 1,100 1,100 Unknown, 1976
Somerset radiates (2) Rob. 807
1669 Beccles, Suffolk Barbarous 274–282 Imitation; IARCH-11A196 19 Unknown, 1872
radiates (2)
1670 Bury St Edmunds Barbarous 275–285 Imitation; IARCH-C363AE; 17 17 Unknown, 1904
area 1904, Suffolk radiates (2) Rob. 809
1671 Corton, Suffolk Barbarous 275–285 Imitation; IARCH-D01A43; 8 8 MD, 2004
radiates (2) NC 2006, 24
1672 Icklingham 1948, Barbarous 275–285 Imitation; IARCH-DE61CB; 12 12 Unknown, 1948
Suffolk radiates (2) Rob. 810
1673 Sussex (?), Sussex Barbarous 275–285 Imitation; IARCH-195277; 200 200 Unknown, 1950
radiates (1) Rob. 814
1674 Alciston, East Barbarous 275–285 Imitation; IARCH-4454A2; 15 15 MD, 2011
Sussex radiates (3) BNJ 2012, 32
1675 Chalvington, Barbarous 275–285 Imitation; IARCH-D59362; 336 336 MD, 2013
East Sussex radiates (4) BNJ 2015, 26
1676 Hove, East Sussex Barbarous 275–285 Imitation; IARCH-E5605D; 455 455 Building, 1939
1677 Chichester 2006a, Barbarous 275–285 Imitation; IARCH-D031F5; 1,049 1,049 Arch, 2006
West Sussex radiates (2) NC 2009, 35
1678 Chichester 2006b, Barbarous 275–285 Imitation; IARCH-AC8DC3; 470 470 MD/arch, 2006
West Sussex radiates (2) NC 2009 36
1679 Goring by Sea, Barbarous 275–285 Imitation; IARCH-35F1E1; 434 434 Other, 1907
West Sussex radiates (3) Rob. 811
1680 Worthing, Barbarous 275–285 Imitation; IARCH-124F83; 2,068 2,068 Building, 1958
West Sussex radiates (3) Rob. 813
1681 Mere 1870, Wilts Barbarous 275–285 Imitation; IARCH-7527C3; 100 100 Unknown, 1870
1682 Bentley Barbarous 275–285 Imitation; IARCH-F344E5; 123 123 MD, 1994
(Doncaster), radiates (3) SWYOR–B0D9D7
South Yorks
1683 Sprotbrough 1980, Barbarous 275–285 Imitation; IARCH-CAD7CD; 313 313 MD, 1980
South Yorks radiates (3) Rob. 817; NC 1982
1684 Cardiff Castle A, Barbarous 275–285 Imitation; IARCH-16A966; 625 625 Arch, 2006
Cardiff radiates (2) NC 2011
1685 Coygan Camp, Barbarous 275–285 Imitation; IARCH-6AB2F6; 315 315 Arch, 1965
Carmarthenshire radiates (3) Rob. 818; G&W 613

1686 Caerleon Barbarous 275–285 Imitation; IARCH-3A900D; 95 95 Arch, 1955
(Building VII), radiates (3) Rob. 820; G&W 186
Newport
1687 Port Eynon Barbarous 275–285 Imitation; IARCH-2EE986; 10 10 MD, 1990
Point, Swansea radiates (2) G&W 412
1688 Kirton in Lindsey Tacitus 276 Issue; (4) IARCH-128CDE; 195 195 MD, 2001
II, North Lincs NC 2002, 18;
CHRB XII
1689 Uncertain 1950, Tacitus 276 Issue; (3) IARCH-63B05A; 27 27 Building, 1950
Northants Rob. 737B
1690 Stogursey, Tacitus 276 Issue; (4) IARCH-8B0C17; 1,139 1,139 MD, 1999
Somerset NC 2000, 31;
CHRB XII
1691 Barcombe Roman Tacitus 276 Issue; (3) IARCH-3CFF73; 149 149 Arch, 2002
Villa, East Sussex TAR 2003, 372
1692 Drax 1994, Tacitus 276 Issue; (3) IARCH-899A4A; 446 4 450 MD, 1994
CHRB X
1693 Lymm II, Greater Tacitus 275–276 Incomplete; IARCH-66D451; 22 22 Agric, 1778
Manchester (2) Rob. 737A;
Shotter 1990, 162;
Shotter 2011, 130
1694 Statham, Greater Tacitus 275–276 Ruler; (2) IARCH-66D451; 1,200 1,200 Agric, 1778
Manchester Rob. 737;
Shotter 1990, 162
1695 Boldre, Hants Tacitus 275–276 Ruler; (2) HAMP–8C0F33; 1,608 1,608 MD, 2014
BNJ 2016, 73
1696 Wiveliscombe Tacitus 275–276 Incomplete; IARCH-BFAD26; ? Unknown, 1711
1711, Somerset (1) Rob. 738
1697 Great Cheverell, Tacitus 275–276 Incomplete; IARCH-F9D21F; ? Unknown, 1695
Wilts (1) Rob. 738A
1698 Castlesteads, Florian 276 Incomplete; IARCH-2C5C5A; 5,000 5,000 Agric, 1825
Cumbria (1) Rob. 740;
Shotter 1990, 181
1699 Allington, Kent Florian 276 Issue; (3) IARCH-7AC37F; 22 22 Other, 1907
Rob. 739
1700 Swynnerton Probus 276 Ruler; (2) WMID–225242; 2,014 1 2,015 1 MD, 2015
(Barlaston I), BNJ 2017
Staffordshire
1701 Newhaven II, Probus 276 Issue; (3) IARCH-1AE624; 28 1 28 Other, 1920
1702 St Levan 2015b, Probus 276–277 Issue; (4) CORN–37F578; 13 13 MD, 2015
1703 Oxwich, Swansea Probus 276–277 Issue; (3) IARCH-35E9EE; 1 2 3 Unknown, 1938
Rob. 789;
G&W 402
CHECKLIST OF HOARDS
1704 Agden, Cheshire Probus 277 Issue; (3) IARCH-5E2FB1; 2,495 4 2,499 Agric, 1957
Rob. 741;
Shotter 2000,
169–170; Shotter
2011, p. 127
1705 Pamphill 2011a, Probus 277 Issue; (4) IARCH-38ABF3; 2,052 2 2,054 MD, 2011
Dorset BNJ 2013, 65
227
Table 3. Cont. 228
discovery
1706 Bowcombe, Probus 277 Issue; (4) IARCH-BBDE24; 472 4 476 MD, 1991
Isle of Wight CHRB X
1707 Goadby Marwood, Probus 277 Issue; (3) IARCH-3248F7; 1,943 4 1,947 Other, 1953
Leics Rob. 771
1708 Riby, Lincs Probus 277 Issue; (3) IARCH-8CD6CF; 13,730 4 13,734 Agric, 1953
Rob. 752
1709 Babworth Probus 277 Issue; (3) IARCH-246AAF; 3,503 4 3,507 MD, 1988
1988, Notts Unpublished report
by M Dolby on file
in BM
1710 Hordley, Salop Probus 277 Issue; (3) IARCH-4D52B3; 355 7 362 Agric, 1950
Rob. 758
1711 Longton, Probus 277 Issue; (3) IARCH-987D86; 1,739 3 1,742 Gardening,
Staffordshire Rob. 759 1960
1712 Aldbourne, Wilts Probus 277 Issue; (4) IARCH-6059A4; 5,258 4 5,262 Fieldwalking,
Rob. 706 CHRB IV; 1980
CHRB IX plus
addenda from
2007
1713 West Lavington, Probus 277 Issue; (4) IARCH-B10283; 73 4 77 MD, 2004
Wilts NC 2005, 40
1714 Heywood, Greater Probus 277–278 Issue; (2) IARCH-DC22FF; 5 ? Building, 1856
Manchester Rob. 769;
Shotter 1990, 154
1715 Breamore A, Probus 277–278 Issue; (3) IARCH-174F6C; 5,483 5 5,488 MD, 1996
Hants NC 2001, 30;
CHRB XII
1716 Langley with Probus 277–278 Issue; (3) IARCH-CE0592; 2,043 5 2,048 MD, 1997
Hardley, Norfolk NC 2000, 32;
CHRB XII
1717 Hollingbourne, Probus 278–279 Issue; (3) IARCH-B74ECB; 5,468 2 6 5,476 Agric, 1959
Kent Rob. 746
1718 Snibston Probus 278–279 Issue; (3) IARCH-DBBA57; 238 6 244 MD, 2003
(Ravenstone with TAR 2003, 374
Snibston), Leics
1719 Chalgrove 1989, Probus 278–279 Issue; (3) IARCH-A700D2; 4,145 6 4,151 MD, 1989
Oxon IARCH-59FBAA;
IARCH-38F451;
Rob. 756A;
CHRB IX
1720 Chalgrove 2003, Probus 278–279 Issue; (4) IARCH-CB9058; 4,957 6 4,963 MD, 2003
Oxon TAR 2003, 373;
CHRB XII
1721 Wherstead 2005, Probus 278–279 Issue; (2) IARCH-926C9B; 1,175 6 1,181 MD, 2005
Suffolk TAR 2005–6, 1107
1722 Easterton 1997, Probus 278–279 Issue; (4) IARCH-4DBA52; 7 6 13 MD, 1997
Wilts NC 1998, 24;
CHRB XII
1723 Edlington Wood Probus 278–279 Issue; (4) IARCH-C636A6; 59 6 65 Unknown, 1935
1935a (The Crags), Rob. 761
South Yorks
1724 Ilston, Swansea Probus 280–281 Issue; (3) IARCH-F195EC; 91 91 Other, 1933
Rob. 764;
G&W 381
1725 Chalfont St Peter, Probus 281 Issue; (4) IARCH-CD6C81; 6,625 45 23 6,685 5 MD, 1989
Bucks IARCH-1DE7AA;
IARCH-5BA5D6;
IARCH-74FC9E;
IARCH-92C19A;
Rob. 740A;
CHRB IX
1726 Minster in Probus 281 Issue; (3) IARCH-FFE917; 3,235 8 3,243 Building, 1986
Sheppey, Kent Rob. 747;
CHRB VIII
1727 Tattershall Probus 281 Issue; (3) IARCH-AB89D2; 5,074 8 5,082 Other, 1982
Thorpe, Lincs Rob. 753; CHRB IV
1728 Kirmington 1960, Probus 281 Issue; (3) IARCH-E731D5; 8,779 1 7 8,787 Agric, 1960
North Lincs Rob. 751
1729 Eccleshall, Probus 281 Ruler; (2) WMID–485295; 25 25 MD, 2015
Staffordshire BNJ 2016, 74
1730 Alton Barnes, Probus 281 Issue; (4) IARCH-CF3571; 3,872 8 3,880 MD, 2005
Wilts NC 2006, 21
1731 Holt II, Dorset Probus 281–282 Issue; (4) IARCH-3AB810; B 78 78 MD, 2014
NJ 2015, 29
1732 St Michael Probus 282 Issue; (2) IARCH-1A9E26; 1,499 9 1,508 Agric, 1869
Carhayes, Rob. 742;
1733 Frampton Probus 282 Issue; (4) IARCH-A75524; 511 9 520 MD, 1998
1998, Dorset NC 2000, 33;
CHRB XII
1734 Wareham II, Probus 282 Issue; (4) IARCH-2FBE67; 33 9 42 MD/arch, 1994
Dorset NC 1997, 36;
CHRB X
1735 Beverston Probus 282 Issue; (4) IARCH-D5F1AF; 1,446 9 1,455 MD, 2010
CHECKLIST OF HOARDS
(Cotswold area) NC 2011;

I, Glos BNJ 2012, 34
1736 Appleshaw Probus 282 Issue; (4) IARCH-bc65CD; 3,052 9 3,061 MD, 1985
1985, Hants Rob. 744;
CHRB VIII
1737 Dover (Market Probus 282 Issue; (3) IARCH-790D20; 55 9 64 Arch, 1950
Square), Kent Rob. 745
229
Table 3. Cont. 230
discovery
1738 Worden, Lancs Probus 282 Issue; (2) IARCH-4AF0B7; 108 9 117 Unknown, 1850
Rob. 748;
Shotter 1990, 167
1739 Coleby, Lincs Probus 282 Issue; (2) IARCH-4C5A23; 7,766 1 9 7,776 MD, 1975
Rob. 750; CHRB V
1740 Irchester 1963, Probus 282 Issue; (2) IARCH-1E2065; 42,000 9 42,009 Building, 1963
Northants Rob. 755
1741 Kirkby in Ashfield Probus 282 Issue; (4) IARCH-A44EF0; 304 9 313 Gardening,
1986, Notts Rob. 756;
CHRB VIII 1986
1742 Childs Ercall, Probus 282 Issue; (3) IARCH-54F492; 2,897 9 2,906 Agric, 1980
Salop Rob. 757;
CHRB V
1743 Chinnock, Probus 282 Issue; (2) IARCH-9B66CB; 4,000 Agric, 1805
Somerset Rob. 776
1744 Beachy Head Probus 282 Issue; (2) IARCH-64CD1F; 2,073 9 2,082 Other, 1899
1899, East Sussex Rob. 780
1745 Bredon Hill, Probus 282 Issue; (4) IARCH-E73675; 3,874 10 3,884 MD, 2011
Worcs BNJ 2012, 36
1746 Leconfield Probus 282 Issue; (4) IARCH-106889; 742 9 751 MD, 2013
(Beverley), YORYM–BZFF07;
East Yorks BNJ 2014, 34;
BNJ 2016, 75
1747 Brough with Probus 282 Issue; (4) IARCH-11F054; 139 139 MD, 2008
St Giles 2008, NC 2009, 34
North Yorks
1748 Stockton on the Probus 282 Issue; (4) IARCH-3A4A0C; 545 1 9 555 MD, 2008
II, North Yorks
1749 Braithwell, Probus 282 Issue; (4) IARCH-BDFCCB; 1,331 1 9 1,341 MD, 2002
South Yorks TAR 2002, 201;
CHRB XII
1750 Maltby 1978, Probus 282 Issue; (4) IARCH-27BbcA; 3,496 9 3,505 MD, 1978
South Yorks Rob. 763; CHRB II
1751 Bramley, Probus 282 Issue; (2) IARCH-647928; 2,997 9 3,006 Agric, 1900
West Yorks Rob. 762
1752 Heligan, Probus 276–282 Ruler; (2) IARCH-0F9601; 3 3 Gardening,

Cornwall Penhallurick 75 2005
1753 Sancreed, Probus 276–282 Ruler; (1) IARCH-E35261; 200 Agric, 1829
Cornwall Rob. 765;
Penhallurick 109
1754 Seaham 1940, Probus 276–282 Ruler; (1) IARCH-782FEA 6 6 Agric, 1940
County Durham
1755 Eyam, Derbys Probus 276–282 Incomplete; IARCH-14CFDA; ? Other, 1814
(1) Rob. 766
1756 Shipley, Derbys Probus 276–282 Incomplete; IARCH-B8813C; ? Other, 1890
(1) Rob. 767
1757 Kingskerswell Probus 276–282 Incomplete; IARCH-91FA15; 2,000 Unknown, 1839
1839, Devon (2) Rob. 743
1758 Coleford 1848b, Probus 276–282 Ruler; (2) IARCH-AE9FB2; 186 186 Other, 1848
Glos Rob. 768
1759 Enfield (Lincoln Probus 276–282 Ruler; (3) IARCH-9EC7CF 26 2 28 Arch, 1977
Road), Greater
London
1760 Highgate 1830, Probus 276–282 Incomplete; IARCH-4C579A; ? Building, 1830
Greater London (1) Rob. 773
1761 Wigan 1837, Probus 276–282 Incomplete; IARCH-B5A80C; ? Unknown, 1837
Greater (1) Rob. 770;
Manchester Shotter 1990, 145
1762 Leicester (Jewry Probus 276–282 Ruler; (3) IARCH-3E0512; 38 38 Arch, 1936
Wall), Leics Rob. 749
1763 Loughborough, Probus 276–282 Ruler; (2) IARCH-EE2A59; 1,050 1,050 Agric, 1840
Leics Rob. 772
1764 Ashley, Northants Probus 276–282 Incomplete; IARCH-2146B1; ? Arch, 1966
(1) Rob. 754
1765 Hardingstone Probus 276–282 Incomplete; IARCH-B56FBD; ? Unknown, 1800
1800, Northants (2) Rob. 775
1766 Corton Denham, Probus 276–282 Incomplete; IARCH-E7DFD1; ? Agric, 1722
1767 Ham Hill 1868, Probus 276–282 Incomplete; IARCH-28C103; 166 166 Unknown, 1868
1768 Pylle, Somerset Probus 276–282 Incomplete; IARCH-AF603A; ? Agric, 1836
(1) Rob. 779
1769 Wherstead 1803, Probus 276–282 Incomplete; IARCH-33803A; 2,000 Agric, 1803
1770 Beachy Head Probus 276–282 Ruler; (2) IARCH-FD53D6; 421 421 Other, 1914
1914, East Sussex Rob. 781
1771 Halford, Warks Probus 276–282 Incomplete; IARCH-C204C7; ? Unknown, 1900
(1) Rob. 783
1772 Milverton, Warks Probus 276–282 Incomplete; IARCH-DABF8B; 200 Other, 1885
(1) Rob. 784
1773 Nunburnholme, Probus 276–282 Incomplete; IARCH-5CE5C4; 3,236 3,236 Agric, 1855
East Yorks (2) Rob. 786
1774 Darfield 1950, Probus 276–282 Ruler; (3) IARCH-FE94C2; 541 541 Building, 1950
CHECKLIST OF HOARDS

1775 Greasbrough, Probus 276–282 Incomplete; IARCH-F5B869; 12 12 Gardening,
South Yorks (2) Rob. 785 1956
1776 Thirstin, Probus 276–282 Incomplete; IARCH-8FC276; ? Unknown, 1775
231
Table 3. Cont. 232
discovery
1777 Capel Bangor Probus 276–282 Ruler; (2) IARCH-9FA1A0; 493 493 Agric, 1880
1880, Ceredigion Rob. 788;
G&W 673
1778 Cemaes, Probus 276–282 Ruler; (3) IARCH-1544E8; 7 7 Unknown, 1988
Isle of Anglesey G&W 1100
1779 Malpas, Cornwall Carinus 282–283 Issue; (2) IARCH-A54431; 3,000 3,000 Agric, 1747
(Caesar) Rob. 823;
Penhallurick 119
1780 Pamphill 2011b, Carus 282 Issue; (4) IARCH-A0FF78; 3,426 3,426 MD, 2011
Dorset BNJ 2013, 66
1781 Otterden (Lenham Carus 283 Issue; (4) IARCH-2ACA8B; 1,081 1,081 MD, 2011
area), Kent BNJ 2013, 67
1782 Wootton, Numerian 283–284 Ruler; (2) IARCH-DA95D6; 616 616 Arch, 1844
Northants Rob. 824
1783 Much Wenlock, Carinus 283–284 Issue; (3) IARCH-81FE7F; 2,591 2,591 Agric, 1977
Salop Rob. 822; CHRB II
1784 Esgyrn, Numerian 283–284 Incomplete; IARCH-84FEA9; ? Unknown, 1800
Pembrokeshire (1) Rob. 825;
G&W 714
1785 Colchester Carinus 283–285 Ruler; (2) IARCH-ECC5DA; 14 12 26 Arch, 1986
(Angel Yard), HER 1369
Essex
1786 Icklingham Magnia 283–285 Incomplete; IARCH-C2751B; 30 30 Arch, 1877
1877, Suffolk Urbica (1) Rob. 826
1787 Fetter Lane (City Carinus 284–285 Issue; (3) IARCH-C92B97; 46 46 Building, 1908
of London), Rob. 821
Greater London
(City)
1788 Clapton in Maximian 285 Ruler; (3) IARCH-1AB39C; 3,437 1 3,438 Agric, 1922
Gordano, North Rob. 837
Somerset
1789 Holt I, Dorset Diocletian 285–286 Issue; (4) IARCH-4E95B4; 914 914 MD, 2013
DOR–D49090;
BNJ 2016, 77
1790 Coalville, Leics Diocletian 285–286 Issue; (3) IARCH-27137D; 2,928 2,928 Building, 1989
on file BM
1791 Edlington, Lincs Maximian 285–286 Ruler; (2) IARCH-3173E8; 824 824 Agric, 1957
Rob. 834
1792 Tickenham 1821, Maximian 285–286 Incomplete; IARCH-17B514; 13 13 Unknown, 1821
North Somerset (2) Rob. 839
1793 Wint Hill, Diocletian 285–286 Issue; (4) IARCH-7AB8E6; 30 30 Arch, 1967
North Somerset Rob. 827
1794 Blunsdon Ridge, Diocletian 285–286 Issue; (4) IARCH-F1EA51; 13 13 Arch, 1997
Wilts NC 1998, 23;
NC 2001, 2;
CHRB XII
1795 Monkton Diocletian 285–286 Issue; (3) IARCH-990213; 3,466 3,466 Gardening,
Farleigh 1980, Rob. 828; CHRB V 1980
Wilts
1796 Aberkenfig, Diocletian 285–286 Issue; (2) IARCH-220C35; 1,564 1,564 Other, 1879
Bridgend Rob. 832; G&W 281
+ 2006 addenda
(42 coins to T I):
TAR 2005–6, 1250
1797 Sandy 1988a, Uncertain 285–290 Incomplete; IARCH-DC64FC 70 70 Arch, 1988
Beds (1)
1798 Verulamium Maximian 285–305 Ruler; (2) IARCH-3EF5C5; 343 343 Unknown, 1749
1799 Caister on Sea 3, Maximian 285–305 Ruler; (2) IARCH-C4B968; 15 1 16 Arch, 1952
Norfolk Rob. 835
1800 Kilve, Somerset Maximian 285–305 Incomplete; IARCH-E26FCE; ? Unknown, 1700
(1) Rob. 831
1801 Willingham Diocletian 286 Incomplete; IARCH-D0D98F; 243 243 Agric, 1881
1881, Cambs (2) Rob. 829
1802 Wareham Maximian 286 Issue; (4) IARCH-DDBE65; 751 1 752 MD, 2013
St Martin, Dorset (pre–reform) DOR–202CF7;
BNJ 2015, 31
1803 Angle, Maximian 286 Issue;5 BNJ 2017 105 105 MD, 2015
Pembrokeshire (pre–reform)
1804 Yate, South Glos Maximian 286–287 Issue; (3) IARCH-EE5844; 732 732 MD, 1989
CHRB XII
1805 Breamore B, Maximian 286–287 Issue; (3) IARCH-D192FA; 399 399 MD, 1998
Hants NC 2001, 34;
CHRB XII
1806 Caerleon area, Diocletian 284–296 Ruler; (2) IARCH-D86272; 44 44 Unknown, 1950
Newport (pre–reform) G&W 179
1807 Membury Diocletian 284–305 Incomplete; IARCH-EA9D3A; ? Unknown, 1814
1814, Devon (1) Rob. 830
1808 Burton Hey Carausius 286–287 Issue; (4) FASAM–7D5DFE; 2 2 Unknown, 1876
(near Chester), B&L 69–70
Cheshire
1809 Bradley Carausius 286–287 Issue; (4) IARCH-D423BB; 2 2 Building, 2007
(Ashbourne area), B&L 133;
CHECKLIST OF HOARDS
Derbys CHRB XIII

1810 Puncknowle Carausius 286–287 Issue; (2) IARCH-23A735; 107 107 Agric, 1850
1850, Dorset IARCH-FDDA7E;
Rob. 876; Shiel
p. 46, 31
1811 Canterbury Carausius 286–287 Issue; (2) IARCH-4C7E2A; 6 6 Arch, 1977
1977A, Kent Rob. 849; Shiel
233
p. 40, 8
Table 3. Cont. 234
discovery
1812 Asthall, Oxon Carausius 286–287 Issue; (4) IARCH-296773; 25 25 Arch, 1992
CHRB X
1813 Wroxeter Carausius 286–287 Issue; (2) IARCH-D97FA3; 12 4 16 Arch, 1912
(Temple), Salop Rob. 858; Shiel
p. 51, 49
1814 Preshute Carausius 286–287 Issue; (4) IARCH-ECC8C1; 465 465 MD, 2013
(Marlborough), BNJ 2014, 35
Wilts
1815 Strata Florida, Carausius 286–287 Issue; (2) IARCH-43A3DB; 15 1 16 Agric, 1850
Ceredigion Rob. 898; Shiel
p. 49, 42;
G&W 688
1816 Piercebridge Carausius 286–288 Issue; (1) IARCH-304A39; 12 12 Other, 1790
(Tees 1), Teesside Rob. 877
1817 Kilby (South Carausius 286–288 Issue; (2) IARCH-C964EA 7,065 MD, 2008
Leics), Leics
1818 Ewelme 1722, Carausius 286–288 Issue; (2) IARCH-9AA6B7; 337 Other, 1720
Oxon Rob. 943;
Shiel p. 42, 18
1819 Uncertain Carausius 286–288 Issue; (2) IARCH-A89737; 1,030 1,030 Unknown, 1700
(Townley Hoard), Rob. 687; file in
Uncertain BM
(Townley Hoard)
1820 Salem, Ceredigion Carausius 286–288 Issue; (3) IARCH-8EBB3E; 48 48 Building, 1998
NC 2001, 32;
G&W 686
1821 Baylham 1988, Carausius 286–289 Ruler; (2) IARCH-001FCB; 32 1 33 MD, 1988
Suffolk HER BAY018
1822 Verulamium Carausius 287–288 Issue; (2) IARCH-6799B2; 19 19 Arch, 1931
(Building V, 1, Rob. 845;
Room 19), Herts Shiel p. 60, 11
1823 South Norwood, Carausius 288 Issue; (2) IARCH-C2830F; 55 55 Unknown, 1900
Greater London Rob. 851;
Shiel p. 48, 41
1824 Silchester Carausius 288 Issue; (2) IARCH-2B0383; 42 42 Arch, 1865
(Insula II), Hants Rob. 842;
Shiel p. 48, 40
1825 Market Drayton, Carausius 288 Issue; (3) IARCH-689C19; 173 1 1 175 MD, 2009
Salop NC 2010;
CHRB XIII
1826 Croydon, South, Carausius 288–289 Issue; (2) IARCH-D6D9B4; 99 99 Unknown, 1893
Greater London Rob. 860
1827 Hammersmith 1, Carausius 288–289 Issue; (2) IARCH-EBBCC0; 7 7 Unknown, 1800
Greater London Rob. 855;
Shiel p. 58, 5
1828 Dinorben 1965, Carausius 288–289 Issue; (3) IARCH-500B79; 6 6 3 Arch, 1965
Conwy Rob. 869;
Shiel p. 41, 12;
G&W 908
1829 Caernarfon Carausius 288–289 Issue; (3) IARCH-6CABCA; 56 56 Arch, 1921
(Segontium Rob. 864;
strongroom), Shiel p. 47, 37;
Gwynedd G&W 1047
1830 Llanfihangel Carausius 288–289 Issue; (2) IARCH-2372DE; 61 61 Other, 1900
din Sylwy Rob. 895;
(Bwrdd Arthur) Shiel p. 44, 26;
1900, Isle of G&W 1096
Anglesey
1831 Wentwood Mill, Carausius 288–289 Issue; (2) IARCH-E49D5F; 1,051 1,051 Other, 1860
Monmouthshire Rob. 903;
Shiel p. 50, 48;
G&W 177
1832 Lancaster (Mitre Carausius 288–291 Issue; (2) IARCH-636384; 15 15 Arch, 1973
Yard), Lancs Rob. 853;
Shotter 1990, 134
1833 Canterbury Carausius 289 Issue; (2) IARCH-FF6580; 117 117 Arch, 1977
1977B, Kent Rob. 848;
Shiel, p. 40, 5
1834 Normanby, Lincs Carausius 289 Issue; (4) IARCH-1A9E14; 47,908 47,908 MD, 1985
Rob. 854;
CHRB VIII
1835 Kimbolton Carausius 290 Issue; (4) IARCH-4BBCF2; 518 518 MD, 2013
(Leominster), BNJ 2015, 32
Herefs
1836 Linchmere, Carausius 290–291 Issue; (3) IARCH-BB896B; 812 812 Unknown, 1924
West Sussex Rob. 861;
Shiel p. 43, 22
1837 Laugharne area Carausius 290–291 Issue; (2) IARCH-C17935; 2,361 2,361 Agric, 2006
2006 , NC 2011
Carmarthenshire
1838 Dwyran, Isle Carausius 290–291 Issue; (2) IARCH-C144DD; 11 1 12 Unknown, 1900
of Anglesey Rob. 894;
G&W 1106
CHECKLIST OF HOARDS
1839 Newton North, Carausius 290–291 Issue; (2) IARCH-9017A7; 28 28 MD, 1999
Pembrokeshire NC 2001, 33
1840 Thurstonland, Carausius 290–293 Issue; (2) IARCH-3443F3; 699 1 700 Agric, 1838
West Yorks Rob. 893;
Shiel p. 49, 43
1841 Salisbury, Wilts Maximian 290–294 Issue; (2) IARCH-57ABA2; 12 12 Building, 1869
Rob. 840
235
Table 3. Cont. 236
discovery
1842 Verulamium Carausius 291 Issue; (3) IARCH-EF241C; 36 36 Arch, 1931

(Building V, 1), Rob. 844;
Herts Shiel p. 47, 35
1843 Hoveringham Carausius 291 Issue; (2) IARCH-2ED009; 289 289 Other, 1949
1949, Notts Rob. 886;
Shiel p. 43, 20
1844 Cheddar 1846, Maximian 291 Issue; (2) IARCH-996DA9; 99 99 Agric, 1846
Somerset Rob. 859;
Shiel p. 61, 2
1845 Witham Friary Carausius 291 Issue; (4) IARCH-ED5662; 52,503 52,503 MD, 2010
(Frome), NC 2011
Somerset
1846 Pumsaint, Carausius 291 Issue; (2) IARCH-8C50CD; 684 684 Agric, 1965
Shiel p. 42, 16;
G&W 656
1847 Great Orme 1885, Carausius 291 Issue; (3) IARCH-1FF1F2; 17 17 Building, 1885
Conwy Rob. 866;
Shiel p. 42, 19;
G&W 917
1848 Little Orme 1907, Carausius 291 Issue; (2) IARCH-348B0F; 699 1 700 Building, 1907
Conwy Rob. 867;
Shiel p. 59, 7;
G&W 921
1849 Llanfihangel y Carausius 291 Issue; (3) IARCH-8BE1AC; 4 4 Building, 1951
Pennant, Gwynedd Rob. 902;
Shiel p. 40, 9;
G&W 1061
1850 Rhyddgaer, Isle Carausius 291 Issue; (2) IARCH-3B7FEC; 17 17 Building, 1855
of Anglesey Rob. 862 = 896;
Shiel p. 43, 23;
G&W 1146
1851 Penard, Swansea Carausius 291 Issue; (3) IARCH-FA16BB; 2,581 1 2,582 Building, 1966
Rob. 870;
Shiel p. 46, 32;
G&W 411
1852 Millbrook, Hants Carausius 291–292 Issue; (4) IARCH-89F1C1; 4,382 1 4,383 Building, 2008
NC 2009, 37;
CHRB XIII
1853 Everton 1881, Carausius 291–292 Issue; (2) IARCH-8BBFE4; 600 600 Agric, 1881
Notts Rob. 856;
Shiel p. 42, 17
1854 Little Orme 1981, Carausius 291–292 Issue; (4) IARCH-74A508; 68 68 MD, 1981
Conwy CHRB XIII;
G&W 922
1855 Bicester 1982, Carausius 292–293 Issue; (4) IARCH-F0BC24; 17 17 MD, 1982
Oxon Rob. 857
1856 Felixstowe Carausius 292–293 Issue; (2) IARCH-7B81CA; ? Unknown, 1749
1749, Suffolk Rob. 889
1857 Silchester Carausius 293 Issue; (3) IARCH-DEBA49; 21 21 Arch, 1897
(Insula XVIII), Rob. 843;
Hants Shiel p. 48, 39
1858 Verulamium Carausius 293 Issue; (3) IARCH-8FC330; 143 1 144 Arch, 1933
(Theatre, Stage), Rob. 846;
Herts Shiel p. 47, 36
1859 Camerton 1817B, Carausius 286–293 Ruler; (2) IARCH-BCE5DB; 114 Arch, 1817
Bath and North Rob. 888;
East Somerset Shiel p. 39, 4
1860 Amersham Carausius 286–293 Ruler; (1) IARCH-6224E1; ? Agric, 1751
(Shardloes), Rob. 841;
Bucks Shiel p. 39, 1
1861 Thornborough, Carausius 286–293 Ruler; (2) IARCH-FA84E1; 102 102 MD, 1990
Bucks HER 0017713000
1862 Shelford, Cambs Carausius 286–293 Ruler; (2) IARCH-EF2582; 44 44 Unknown, 1933
Rob. 872
1863 Wisbech 1948, Carausius 286–293 Ruler; (2) IARCH-3D1200; 9 9 Unknown, 1948
Cambs Rob. 873
1864 Peterborough, Carausius 286–293 Ruler; (2) IARCH-535054; 15 Other, 1904
Cambs, Rob. 884 = 475;
Peterborough Shiel p. 45, 30
1865 Chester (White Carausius 286–293 Ruler; (2) IARCH-9D7B6C; 18 18 Several Unknown, 1884
Friars/Bollands Rob. 874;
Court), Cheshire Shotter 2000, 164
1866 Ripley I, Derbys Carausius 286–293 Ruler; (1) IARCH-352724; ? Unknown, 1730
Rob. 875;
Shiel p. 47, 34
1867 Poundbury Carausius 286–293 Ruler; (1) IARCH-A9B532; 7,000 7,000 Building, 1986
1986, Dorset Rob. 695 = 972
1868 Bocking 1754, Carausius 286–293 Ruler; (1) IARCH-6A21E5; ? Unknown, 1754
Essex Rob. 878;
Shiel p. 39, 2
1869 Margaretting, Carausius 286–293 Ruler; (2) IARCH-211BD3; 32 32 Building, 1930
Essex Rob. 879;
CHECKLIST OF HOARDS
Shiel p. 44, 27
1870 Walmersley, Carausius 286–293 Ruler; (1) IARCH-F02F43; 300 Unknown, 1864
Greater Rob. 883;
Manchester Shiel p. 49, 45;
Shotter 1990, 166
1871 Rockbourne Carausius 286–293 Ruler; (2) IARCH-8AF78B; 7,711 3 7,714 Arch, 1967
1967, Hants Rob. 880
237
Table 3. Cont. 238
discovery
1872 Verulamium Carausius 286–293 Ruler; (1) IARCH-71D41F; 10 10 Arch, 1959

(Ver 59 B 19), Rob. 847
Herts
1873 Canterbury Carausius 286–293 Ruler; (2) IARCH-93EDBD 88 88 Arch, 1978
(Marlowe Car Park
Area M II), Kent
1874 Canterbury Carausius 286–293 Ruler; (1) IARCH-58BFB5; 150 Arch, 1956
(Marlowe Car Rob. 882;
Park), Kent Shiel p. 40, 7
1875 Canterbury Carausius 286–293 Ruler; (2) IARCH-B9B381; 41 41 Agric, 1868
(St Mary Bredin), Rob. 881;
Kent Shiel p. 40, 6
1876 Deal 1834, Kent Carausius 286–293 Ruler; (2) IARCH-125E91; 25 25 Agric, 1834
Rob. 850;
Shiel p. 41, 11
1877 Frindsbury Carausius 286–293 Ruler; (1) IARCH-09AF14 ? ? Arch, 1997
Extra, Kent
1878 Lancaster Carausius 286–293 Ruler; (2) IARCH-C78412; 15 15 Arch, 1973
(Vicarage Field), Rob. 852;
Lancs Shotter 1990, 134
1879 Emneth 1776, Carausius 286–293 Ruler; (1) IARCH-7C88EC; ? Unknown, 1776
Norfolk Rob. 905;
Shiel p. 41, 14
1880 Welney 1718, Carausius 286–293 Ruler; (1) IARCH-FBE262; ? Agric, 1718
Norfolk Rob. 906;
Shiel p. 50, 47
1881 Epperstone, Notts Carausius 286–293 Ruler; (2) IARCH-108C7B; 784 784 Unknown, 1776
Rob. 885;
Shiel p. 41, 15
1882 Forest Hill with Carausius 286–293 Ruler; (1) IARCH-F51089; 560 Other, 1842
Shotover, Oxon Rob. 887;
Shiel p. 48, 38
1883 Priddy, Somerset Carausius 286–293 Issue; (2) IARCH-8B5534 900 Unknown, 1846
1884 Bredicot, Worcs Carausius 286–293 Ruler; (2) IARCH-891F07; 140 140 Building, 1839
Rob. 890;
Shiel p. 39, 3
1885 Thirsk, Carausius 286–293 Ruler; (1) IARCH-EAEE96; 35 Agric, 1863

North Yorks Rob. 892;
Shiel p. 49, 44
1886 Elland, Carausius 286–293 Ruler; (2) IARCH-FE496A; ? Other, 1769
West Yorks Rob. 891;
Shiel p. 41, 13
1887 Laugharne 1839, Carausius 286–293 Ruler; (1) IARCH-C31533; ? Unknown, 1830
Shiel p. 43, 21;
G&W 624
1888 Bwlch Bach, Carausius 286–293 Ruler; (1) IARCH-640CA0; ? Unknown, 1841
Ceredigion Rob. 897;
G&W 684
1889 Conwy, Conwy Carausius 286–293 Ruler; (1) IARCH-1F554D; 50 50 Unknown, 1944
Rob. 865;
Shiel p. 40, 11;
G&W 905
1890 Llanfairfechan, Carausius 286–293 Ruler; (2) IARCH-555DF8; 51 51 Unknown, 1952
Conwy Rob. 868;
G&W 927
1891 Gerlan, Gwynedd Carausius 286–293 Ruler; (1) IARCH-706D9A; 200 200 Other, 1870
Rob. 900;
Shiel p. 44, 25;
G&W 1074
1892 Bryn Ddiol, Isle Carausius 286–293 Ruler; (2) IARCH-D32CC9; 6 6 Arch, 1923
of Anglesey G&W 1137
1893 Llanidan, Isle Carausius 286–293 Incomplete; IARCH-26C921; 1 4 5 Other, 1844
of Anglesey (1) Rob. 446;
Shield p. 44, 24
1894 Newton, Carausius 286–293 Ruler; (1) IARCH-2D53CA; ? Agric, 1856
Pembrokeshire Rob. 904;
Shiel p. 45, 29;
G&W 751
1895 Tickenham Constantius I 293 Issue; (4) IARCH-38C3B7; 35 35 Agric, 1891
1891 (Clapton in Rob. 945;
Gordano), Shiel p. 57, 27
North Somerset and p. 61, 1
1896 East Harnham Constantius I 293 Issue; (2) IARCH-A096AA; 3,938 3,938 Other, 1871
1871, Wilts Rob. 930;
Shiel p. 61, 3
1897 Gloucester Allectus 293 Issue; (4) IARCH-9E92C4; 15,544 15,544 Building, 1960
(Eastgate), Glos Rob. 912;
Shiel p. 62, 5;
CHRB XIII
1898 Lillyhorn, Glos Allectus 293 Issue; (2) IARCH-6950CF; 1,223 1,223 Arch, 1845
Rob. 911;
Shiel p. 55, 11
CHECKLIST OF HOARDS
1900 Parkend, Glos Allectus 293–294 Issue; (2) IARCH-D7C184; 1,103 1 1,104 1 Agric, 1852
Rob. 936;
Shiel p. 56, 14
1901 Canterbury Allectus 293–294 Issue; (2) IARCH-4671D2; 8 8 Arch, 1968
(CXXIX EXXD Rob. 917;
6 (F)), Kent Shiel p. 52, 4
239
Table 3. Cont. 240
discovery
1902 Arnside (North Allectus 293–295 Issue; (4) IARCH-7792DD; 29 5 2 36 MD, 2010
of Lancaster) II, NC 2011
Cumbria
1903 Claydon Pike Allectus 293–295 Issue; (3) IARCH-C1D505; 42 42 Fieldwalking,
(Lechlade) 1983, Rob. 935; CHRB VI 1983
Glos
1904 Richborough Allectus 293–295 Issue; (2) IARCH-5303C3; 6 6 Arch, 1922
(Middle Earth Rob. 918;
Fort Ditch), Kent Shiel p. 60, 10
1905 Coddenham Allectus 293–295 Issue; (2) IARCH-00CAB9; 14 14 MD, 1989
1989, Suffolk HER CDD 043 –
MSF14409
1906 Surrey, Surrey Allectus 293–295 Issue; (2) IARCH-82A297; 9 9 Unknown, 1969
Rob. 928
1907 Lacock 1990a, Allectus 293–295 Issue; (3) IARCH-98AA74; 93 93 MD, 1990
Wilts Rob. 930A;
CHRB IX
1908 St Donats, Vale Allectus 293–295 Issue; (2) IARCH-8364F7; 8 8 Unknown, 2000
of Glamorgan G&W 541
1909 Sparkford, Maximian 294 Issue; (2) IARCH-6BB91E; 191 Unknown, 1973
Somerset Rob. 944; CHRB II
1910 Droitwich, Worcs Allectus 294 Issue; (3) IARCH-30B8B3; 15 14 Arch, 1973
Rob. 931;
Shiel p. 58, 4
1911 Skewen, Neath Allectus 294 Issue; (2) IARCH-BA60DF; 67 67 Other, 1919
Port Talbot Rob. 949;
Shiel p. 56, 16;
G&W 364
1912 Burton Latimer, Allectus 295 Issue; (2) IARCH-2968EE; 108 108 Agric, 1954
Northants Rob. 923
1913 Bath Environs, Allectus 295–296 Issue; (3) IARCH-A415D0; 1,806 1 1,807 MD, 1979
Bath and North Rob. 925; CHRB VI
East Somerset
1914 Godmanchester Allectus 295–296 Issue; (3) IARCH-D42B3E; 54 6 60 Arch, 1956
1956, Cambs Rob. 915
1915 Arnside Allectus 295–296 Issue; (3) IARCH-C5EE3D; 42 42 MD, 2009
(Morecambe Bay), NC 2010;

Cumbria Shotter 2011, 115
1916 Colchester Allectus 295–296 Issue; (3) IARCH-5BE528; 298 298 Agric, 1927
1927, Essex Rob. 910;
Shiel p. 52, 5
1917 Old Ford 1866, Allectus 295–296 Issue; (2) IARCH-777DAB; ? ? Unknown, 1866
Greater London IARCH-C0189F;
Rob. 919;
Shiel p. 59, 8
1918 Bitterne (Manor Allectus 295–296 Issue; (2) IARCH-4B3246; ? Unknown, 1792
House), Hants Rob. 913;
Shiel p. 58, 1
1919 Blackmoor 1873, Allectus 295–296 Issue; (3) IARCH-140C71; 29,802 29,802 Agric, 1873
Hants Rob. 914;
Shiel p. 51, 1;
CHRB III; CHRB X
1920 Yarmouth 2003, Allectus 295–296 Issue; (3) IARCH-AD54CB; 90 90 MD, 2003
Isle of Wight TAR 2003, 364
1921 Gilmorton, Leics Allectus 295–296 Issue; (4) IARCH-92254E; 1,255 1,255 MD, 2004
NC 2005, 41;
CHRB XIII
1922 Marham II, Allectus 295–296 Issue; (3) IARCH-677D3D; 22 22 MD, 2013
Norfolk NMS–3EF493;
BNJ 2015, 33;
BNJ 2016, 78
1923 Ewelme 1953, Allectus 295–296 Issue; (4) IARCH-2F0935; 202 202 Agric, 1953
Oxon Rob. 924
1924 Watchfield 1905, Allectus 295–296 Issue; (2) IARCH-875958; 23 23 Arch, 1903
Oxon Rob. 908;
Shiel p. 57, 18
1925 Elveden 2005, Allectus 295–296 Issue; (4) IARCH-C4B235; 627 627 MD, 2005
Suffolk NC 2006, 25;
CHRB XIII
1926 Plompton Allectus 295–296 Issue; (4) IARCH-416D9A; 608 608 MD, 1990
(Knaresborough), NC 1996, 118;
North Yorks CHRB X; 2007 T424
(PATAR 2007, 486;
NC 2008, 26);
2010 T389
1927 Stockton on the Allectus 295–296 Issue; (4) IARCH-F4D446; 1,453 1 1 1,455 MD, 2008
I, North Yorks
1928 Pen y Corddwyn Allectus 295–296 Issue; (3) IARCH-6967CC; 129 4 133 Unknown, 1978
Mawr I, Conwy Rob. 948;
G&W 938
1929 Rogiet, Allectus 295–296 Issue; (4) IARCH-BD667D; 3,771 7 3,778 MD, 1998
CHECKLIST OF HOARDS
Monmouthshire NC 2001, 35;

G&W 134
1930 Port Tennant, Allectus 295–296 Issue; (2) IARCH-AB70D1; 8 8 Other, 1836
Swansea Rob. 901;
Shiel p. 60, 9;
G&W 421
241
Table 3. Cont. 242
discovery
1931 Camerton 1817A, Allectus 293–296 Issue; (2) IARCH-57E5AD; 67 67 Arch, 1817
Bath and North Rob. 926;
East Somerset Shiel p. 52, 3
1932 Steeple Claydon, Allectus 293–296 Ruler; (1) IARCH-8C294A; ? ? Other, 1620
Bucks Rob. 909;
Shiel p. 55, 12
1933 Somersham Allectus 293–296 Ruler; (2) IARCH-FAE182; 6 6 Arch, 1977
1977, Cambs Rob. 909A
1934 Leigh on Sea 1960, Allectus 293–296 Ruler; (2) IARCH-961217; 30 30 Unknown, 1960
Essex, Southend Rob. 934;
Shiel p. 59, 6
1935 Cirencester Allectus 293–296 Ruler; (2) IARCH-5F2D10; 7 7 Arch, 1970
(Beeches Road), Rob. 975
Glos
1936 Sapperton Allectus 293–296 Issue; (2) IARCH-C03B01; 70 Building, 1844
1844, Glos Rob. 937;
Shiel p. 56, 15
1937 Queen Street Allectus 293–296 Ruler; (1) IARCH-ED3A13; ? ? Arch, 1842
Greater London
(City)
1938 Boothsbank, Allectus 293–296 Ruler; (2) IARCH-E4F088; 1,090 1,090 Building, 1989
Greater Shotter 2011, p. 97
Manchester
1939 Crondall 1869, Allectus 293–296 Ruler; (2) IARCH-523758; 300 Unknown, 1869
Hants Rob. 938;
Shiel p. 53, 6
1940 Borden 1846, Kent Allectus 293–296 Ruler; (2) IARCH-C0CE95; 35 35 Arch, 1846
Rob. 916;
Shiel p. 51, 2
1941 Richborough (outer Allectus 293–296 Ruler; (2) IARCH-AFCFD2; 10 10 Arch, 1929
ditch of stone fort), Rob. 939;
Kent Shiel p. 46, 33
1942 Fleet, Lincs Allectus 293–296 Ruler; (1) IARCH-F157F1; ? ? Agric, 1698
Rob. 940;
Shiel p. 54, 9
1943 Well, Lincs Allectus 293–296 Ruler; (1) IARCH-4424BB; 100 Agric, 1725
Rob. 941;
Shiel p. 50, 46
1944 Bale, Norfolk Allectus 293–296 Ruler; (2) IARCH-12011B; 1,105 1,105 Unknown, 1943
Rob. 921;
Shiel p. 54, 10
1945 Caister on Sea 4, Allectus 293–296 Ruler; (2) IARCH-696BB8; 5 5 Arch, 1952
Norfolk Rob. 922
1946 Wedmore, Allectus 293–296 Ruler; (3) IARCH-7D08D6; 47 5 2 54 Agric, 1927
Somerset Rob. 927;
Shiel p. 57, 19
1947 Doncaster 1993, Allectus 293–296 Ruler; (1) IARCH-E61429 3,300 Unknown, 1993
South Yorks
1948 Hipperholme, Allectus 293–296 Ruler; (1) IARCH-9F6E6A; 4 4 Unknown, 1700
West Yorks Rob. 946
1949 Cynwyl Caio, Allectus 293–296 Ruler; (1) IARCH-85C7A9; 3,000 Unknown, 1750
Shiel p. 52, 8;
G&W 617
1950 Llansadwrnin, Allectus 293–296 Ruler; (2) IARCH-1F88A2; 11 Other, 1810
Shiel p. 53, 7;
G&W 646
1951 Dinas Dinlle, Allectus 293–296 Ruler; (1) IARCH-2D7F8C; ? ? Unknown, 1600
Gwynedd Rob. 951;
Shiel p. 58, 3;
G&W 1070
1952 Wenvoe 2014, Allectus 293–296 Incomplete; BNJ 2016, 79 37 37 MD, 2014
Vale of Glamorgan (2)
1953 Guernsey Maximian 295–296 Ruler; (2) Rob. 838 68 68 Unknown, 1890
(Jerbourg),
Channel Islands
1954 Wisbech St Mary, Uncertain 260–296 Ruler; (1) IARCH-E99A99; ? Unknown, 1914
Cambs 260–96 Rob. 1712
1955 Great Chesterford Uncertain 260–296 Incomplete; IARCH-815597 ? Other, 1847
1847b, Essex 260–96 (1)
1956 Fordcroft, Cray Uncertain 260–296 Unverified; IARCH-844497 25 Arch, 1988
Valley East, 260–96 (1)
Greater London
1957 Heather, Leics Uncertain 260–296 Ruler; (1) IARCH-D180EE ? MD, 1993
260–96
1958 Haddiscoe Uncertain 260–296 Incomplete; IARCH-CA4848; 412 3 MD, 1989
1989, Norfolk 260–96 (1) HER 28212
1959 Great Tew 1965, Uncertain 260–296 Incomplete; IARCH-35B269; 72 Arch, 1965
Oxon 260–96 (1) Rob. 976;
Pastscape 336845
1960 Whickham, Uncertain 260–296 Incomplete; IARCH-5AA8C3; 10 Unknown, 1927
CHECKLIST OF HOARDS
Tyne and Wear 260–96 (1) Rob. 973A;

Pastscape 25122
1961 Brough with Uncertain 260–296 Incomplete; IARCH-4EA430; ? 1 Agric, 1625
St Giles 1625 260–96 (1) Rob. 1700
(Catterick),
North Yorks
1962 Cardiff Castle B, Uncertain 260–296 Incomplete; IARCH-62DB7E; 11 1 Arch, 2006
243
Cardiff 260–96 (1) TAR 2005–6, 1249

Table 4. AD 296–fifth century 244
No. Location Ruler Latest Reason Reference AV Rad AR1 Nummi Aes Others All Objects Con- Method and
coin and Qlty tainers date of
discovery
Period 15. 296–317

1963 Brightwell cum Constantius I 293–306 Ruler; (2) IARCH-4213AB; 3 1 4 Unknown, 1898
Sotwell, Oxon Rob. 907
1964 Mickleham Constantius I 293–306 Unverified; IARCH-7C3CD7 9 9 Unknown, 1978
1978, Surrey (2)
1965 Harlech Castle, Constantius I 293–306 Unc/ IARCH-C934D9; ? ? Unknown, 1695
Gwynedd disputed; (1) Rob. 950
1966 Carrawburgh 1872, Diocletian 294–305 Imitation; IARCH-FBB47A; 87 87 Other, 1872
Northumberland (2) Rob. 535
1967 Fort Augustus, Diocletian 294–305 Ruler; (1) Rob. 982 300 300 Unknown, 1767
Highland (post–reform)
1968 Lincoln Tetrarchic 294–307 Unverified; IARCH-448FA2; ? Unknown, 1979
(Museum), Lincs Ruler (1) Rob. 978
(uncertain
issuer)
1969 Canterbury Maximian 295–305 Unc/ IARCH-9410E9 95 1 96 Arch, 1978
(C.E.C. Site disputed; (2)
St Margaret?s
Street Baths),
Kent
1970 Sully 1899, Vale Maximian 295–305 Issue; (3) IARCH-14E2C6; 7 96 219 322 Building, 1899
of Glamorgan Rob. 871;
B&L 700
1971 Dilton Marsh Diocletian 296–296 Issue; (2) IARCH-135509; 1,972 1 1,973 1 1 Other, 1973
(Chalcott), Wilts Rob. 929; 1654
1972 Market Stainton, Tetrarchic 296–305 Incomplete; IARCH-3F9426; 705 705 1 Agric, 1915
Lincs Ruler (2) Rob. 979
(uncertain
issuer)
1973 Llysfaen 1856, Maximian 296–305 Incomplete; IARCH-3ACC73; ? ? Agric, 1856
Conwy (1) Rob. 985
1974 Wiveliscombe Diocletian 298–298 Issue; (4) IARCH-166741; 2,118 2,118 Arch, 2006
2006, Somerset TAR 2005–6, 1152;
BNJ 2012, 35
1975 Rendham, Diocletian 298–299 Incomplete; IARCH-51E84C 22 22 MD, 2005
Suffolk (3)
1976 Upavon, Wilts Tetrarchic 298–299 Issue; (4) IARCH-A7B705; 111 111 2 1 MD, 1979
Ruler Rob. 981
(uncertain
issuer)
1
For periods 15–17 these coins are denarii; from period 18 onwards they are siliquae and miliarenses.
1977 Bembridge 2007, Tetrarchic 300–303 Issue; (2) IARCH-0BD998 3 3 MD, 2007
Isle of Wight Ruler
(uncertain
issuer)
1978 Otterton, Devon Maximian 300–305 Ruler; (3) BM-0D5E3C 3 3 MD, 2015
1979 Spotland, Greater Tetrarchic 300–313 Issue; (2) IARCH-10A94E; ? ? ? 1 1 Unknown, 1804
Manchester Ruler Rob. 983
(uncertain
issuer)
1980 Sewing Shields, Tetrarchic 302–305 Issue; (3) IARCH-7B71B5; 8 8 Arch, 1978
Northumberland Ruler Rob. 835A
(uncertain
issuer)
1981 Withycombe, Constantius I 302–305 Issue; (3) SOM–8B678B, 6 6 MD, 2015
Somerset SOM–76EB43,
SOM–756787,
SOM–8B34CA;
BNJ 2017
1982 Stanton by Tetrarchic 303–305 Issue; (4) IARCH-2EFA10; 62 62 1 MD, 2007
Bridge, Derbys Ruler NC 2009, 38
(uncertain
issuer)
1983 near Oxford, Tetrarchic 303–305 Incomplete; IARCH-82601F; 4 4 Building, 1938
Oxon Ruler (2) Rob. 983A
(uncertain
issuer)
1984 Bradley Hill, Maximian 303–305 Issue; (4) IARCH-FAEFB5; 6 3 9 1 1 Arch, 1968
Somerset Rob. 980
1985 Alcester 4, Warks Tetrarchic 303–305 Issue; (3) IARCH-EC11E6; 5 5 MD, 1989
Ruler CHRB X
(uncertain
issuer)
1986 Weybridge 1907, Tetrarchic 305–306 Issue; (3) IARCH-17578D; 140 140 1 Building, 1907
Surrey Ruler Rob. 984
(uncertain
issuer)
1987 Langtoft I, Constantius I 305–306 Issue; (4) IARCH-1DA746; 575 3 398 976 1 MD, 2000
East Yorks NC 2002, 20;
CHRB XII
1988 South Shields Tetrarchic 305–307 Unverified; IARCH-5EE687; 12 12 Arch, 1874
1874a, Tyne Ruler (2) Rob. 986
CHECKLIST OF HOARDS
and Wear (uncertain

issuer)
1989 Little Malvern Tetrarchic 305–313 Incomplete; IARCH-CC3BAF; 300 300 1 Other, 1847
1847, Worcs Ruler (2) Rob. 987
(uncertain
issuer)
245
Table 4. Cont. 246
discovery
1990 Winterbourne Tetrarchic 306 Incomplete; IARCH-7873F0; 32 32 2 1 Agric, 1865

Earls (Laverstock), Ruler (2) Rob. 991
Wilts (uncertain
issuer)
1991 Oldham Tetrarchic 306–308 Incomplete; IARCH-72D135; 200 200 1 Building, 1887
(Hollinwood), Ruler (2) Rob. 1000
Greater (uncertain
Manchester issuer)
1992 Crich 1778, Tetrarchic 306–317 Incomplete; IARCH-9942FD; 700 700 1 Agric, 1778
Derbys Ruler (1) Rob. 1015
(uncertain
issuer)
1993 Mill Barrow Tetrarchic 306–317 Issue; (3) IARCH-33A603; 1 290 291 1 Unknown, 1850
(Exton), Hants Ruler Rob. 993
(uncertain
issuer)
1994 Leicester area, Tetrarchic 306–317 Incomplete; IARCH-3EF574; 500 500 1 Other, 1735
1735, Leics Ruler (1) Rob. 1020
(uncertain
issuer)
1995 Fakenham, Tetrarchic 306–317 Issue; (2) IARCH-785A7D; 4 1,494 81 1,575 Agric, 1830
Norfolk Ruler Rob. 1010
(uncertain
issuer)
1996 Paulerspury, Constantine I 306–317 Issue; (2) IARCH-6D8E95; ? ? 1 Agric, 1770
Northants Rob. 1004
1997 Catsgore Tetrarchic 306–317 Issue; (4) IARCH-35B2D0; 13 13 Arch, 1970
(Somerton) 1, Ruler Rob. 1011
Somerset (uncertain
issuer)
1998 Wiveliscombe Tetrarchic 306–317 Issue; (2) IARCH-2F4FA0; 1,600 1,600 1 Unknown, 1719
1719, Somerset Ruler Rob. 996
(uncertain
issuer)
1999 Clevedon, Tetrarchic 306–317 Issue; (2) IARCH-B184A7; 8 8 1 Building, 1903
North Somerset Ruler Rob. 1043
(uncertain
issuer)
2000 Fincham 1986, Tetrarchic 306–318 Incomplete; IARCH-761E42; 80 80 Unknown, 1986
Norfolk Ruler (1) Rob. 1002
(uncertain
issuer)
2001 North Bierley Tetrarchic 306–337 Incomplete; IARCH-4DAD73; ? ? ? Building, 1700
(Royds), Ruler (1) Rob. 1049
West Yorks (uncertain
issuer)
2002 Evenley 1854, Tetrarchic 307 Issue; (2) IARCH-DBBBbc; 704 2,431 3,135 1 1 Agric, 1854
Northants Ruler Rob. 990
(uncertain
issuer)
2003 Fyfield, Oxon Tetrarchic 307 Issue; (2) IARCH-B9547F; 1 2,105 2,106 1 Other, 1944
Ruler Rob. 988
(uncertain
issuer)
2004 Wold Newton, Constantine I 307 Issue; (4) IARCH-D23D02; 1 1,856 1,857 4 1 MD, 2014
2005 Chipperfield, Tetrarchic 307–308 Issue; (3) IARCH-126D1D; 67 67 MD, 1972
Herts Ruler Rob. 989
(uncertain
issuer)
2006 Falmouth Tetrarchic 307–310 Incomplete; IARCH-4296C5; 128 495 327 950 1 Agric, 1865
(Budock), Ruler (2) Rob. 997
Cornwall (uncertain
issuer)
2007 East Holme, Tetrarchic 307–310 Issue; (3) IARCH-67DEF3; 151 151 1 MD, 1988
Dorset Ruler CHRB IX
(uncertain
issuer)
2008 Hempstead, Constantine I 307–310 Issue; (3) NMS–12F776; 11 11 MD, 2015
Norfolk NMS–4D7bc7;
NMS–8B5D59
2009 Burton on the Constantine I 307–313 Issue; (2) IARCH-AD29B9; 214 214 Agric, 1802
Wolds (Walton), Rob. 1001
Leics
2010 Gloucester House of 307–316 Issue; (2) IARCH-BFDFB0; 20 20 1 Arch, 1958
(Bon Marche), Constantine Rob. 1008
Glos
2011 Wells, Norfolk House of 307–318 Incomplete; IARCH-9FD34C; ? ? Unknown, 1849
Constantine (1) Rob. 1003
2012 Bromley, Greater Tetrarchic 308–309 Issue; (3) IARCH-E7C10D; 300 300 2 1 Other, 1955
London Ruler Rob. 994
(uncertain
issuer)
2013 Monmouth 1728, House of 308–317 Incomplete; IARCH-48bcD1; 2,000 2,000 1 Unknown, 1728
CHECKLIST OF HOARDS
Monmouthshire Constantine (1) Rob. 1025

2014 Whitburn, House of 308–324 Issue; (2) IARCH-318759; ? ? Other, 1650
Tyne and Wear Constantine Rob. 1017
2015 York area, Licinius I 308–324 Incomplete; IARCH-11B923; 100 100 Unknown, 1690
City of York (1) Rob. 1023
247
Table 4. Cont. 248
discovery
2016 Corbridge Constantine I 310 Issue; (3) IARCH-A427E6; 8 8 Arch, 1912

(Museum 2), Rob. 995
Northumberland
2017 Llangwstenin, House of 310 Incomplete; IARCH-6A563D; 2 2 Agric, 1850
Conwy Constantine (2) Rob. 1006
2018 Bridgend, Tetrarchic 310–311 Issue; (3) IARCH-F772F5; 1,424 1,424 1 Arch, 1995
Bridgend Ruler G&W 285
(uncertain
issuer)
2019 Doncaster Constantine I 310–312 Incomplete; IARCH-516C5C; 2 6 8 Other, 1964
(Copley Rd), (2) YAJ 42 1969 252
South Yorks
2020 Cliburn, Cumbria Tetrarchic 310–313 Issue; (3) IARCH-173134; 62 62 1 Unknown, 1984
Ruler Rob. 992
(uncertain
issuer)
2021 Portchester Castle House of 310–313 Incomplete; IARCH-6F408E; ? ? 1 Agric, 1700
1700, Hants Constantine (1) Rob. 999
2022 Sherfield on Tetrarchic 310–313 Issue; (4) IARCH-FBDBB4; 19 19 MD, 1998
Loddon, Hants Ruler NC 2007, 41
(uncertain
issuer)
2023 Springhead Tetrarchic 310–313 Issue; (4) IARCH-9D6425; 2 651 653 1 1 Arch, 1984
(Temple), Kent Ruler Rob. 1009
(uncertain
issuer)
2024 Cliviger (Dyer House of 310–313 Incomplete; IARCH-3AA3FC; 200 200 1 Unknown, 1761
Wood), Lancs Constantine (2) Rob. 1018
2025 Barking 2007, Constantine I 310–313 Issue; (4) IARCH-D54DC7; 56 56 1 Arch, 2007
Suffolk NC 2008, 28
2026 Great Barton Constantine I 310–313 Issue; (4) IARCH-6906F0; 15 15 MD, 2003
(Bury St Edmunds NC 2005, 42;
area) 2003, BNJ 2015, 35
Suffolk
2027 Bryn Euryn, House of 310–315 Incomplete; IARCH-AD26A8; 6 6 1 Other, 1902
2028 Haddenham Tetrarchic 310–317 Ruler; (2) IARCH-6C74AC 8 8 Arch, 1953

(Upper Delphs) II, Ruler
Cambs (uncertain
issuer)
2029 Kelling, Norfolk Constantine I 313–314 Issue; (3) IARCH-57C821; 1 32 33 MD, 1993
NC 2005, 43
2030 Croydon Tetrarchic 313–317 Incomplete; IARCH-2BAE70; 34 34 Unknown, 1900
(Wandle Road), Ruler (2) Rob. 1047
Greater London (uncertain
issuer)
2031 Ash and Licinius I 313–317 Issue; (3) IARCH-86981D; 115 115 1 Other, 1904
Normandy, Surrey Rob. 1012
2032 Caerwent (House Licinius I 313–318 Issue; (2) IARCH-A2D92B; 16 2 21 39 Arch, 1905
XVI N, Basilica), Rob. 1013
Monmouthshire
2033 Quedgeley, Glos Constantine I 315–317 Incomplete; IARCH-368660; 61 61 1 MD/arch, 1987
(2) Rob. 1647A
2034 Goodnestone I, Constantine I 316 Issue; (3) IARCH-449365; 10 10 MD, 1994
Kent NC 2002, 21.
2035 Wroxton, Oxon House of 316 Issue; (3) IARCH-AD612C; 3 133 136 Other, 1950
Constantine Rob. 1022
2036 Downside Tetrarchic 316 Issue; (4) IARCH-3D8F01; 1 541 542 1 1 MD, 1987
(Stratton on the Ruler Rob. 1011A;
Fosse), Somerset (uncertain CHRB IX
issuer)
2037 Shapwick (Chilton Constantine I 316 Issue; (4) IARCH-478FFA; 6 6 Agric, 1868
Polden) 1868, Rob. 1096
Somerset
2038 Colwyn Bay (Rhos Tetrarchic 316 Incomplete; IARCH-E1B4C6; 6 6 1 Building, 1898
on Sea), Conwy Ruler (2) Rob. 1068
(uncertain
issuer)
2039 Walton, Bucks, House of 316–317 Issue; (3) IARCH-EFB819; 96 96 MD, 1987
Milton Keynes Constantine Rob. 1013A;
CHRB IX
2040 Taynton, Glos Tetrarchic 316–317 Issue; (3) IARCH-428CB8; 170 170 3 MD, 1999
Ruler NC 2000, 35
(uncertain
issuer)
2041 Malmesbury, Tetrarchic 316–317 Issue; (4) IARCH-CFD957; 3 1,266 1,269 1 MD, 2012
Wilts Ruler BNJ 2014, 36
(uncertain
issuer)
2042 Weymouth (?) House of 316–318 Issue; (3) IARCH-C8F7CA; 33 33 Unknown, 1927
1927, Dorset Constantine Rob. 1016
2043 Prestwood B Constantine I317 Issue; (3) IARCH-23D743 1 732 1 734 1 MD, 1999
(Great Missenden),
CHECKLIST OF HOARDS
Bucks
2044 Milton Keynes, Constantine I 317 Unverified; IARCH-F091FD 53 53 Unknown, 1989
Bucks, Milton (1)
Keynes
249
Table 4. Cont. 250
discovery
2045 Carlisle IV, Tetrarchic 317 Incomplete; IARCH-83B69C 5 5 Arch, 1979

Cumbria Ruler (2)
(uncertain
issuer)
2046 North Baddesley Tetrarchic 317 Issue; (4) IARCH-2700F3; 97 1 98 MD, 2003
(Chilworth), Ruler TAR 2003, 375
Hants (uncertain
issuer)
Period 16. 317–30

2047 East Harnham Constantine I 317 Issue; (2) IARCH-A4ACE1; 69 69 1 Unknown, 1875
1875, Wilts Rob. 1072
2048 Upton House House of 317–318 Issue; (4) IARCH-FE3B6C; 7 1,678 1,685 2 MD, 1986
(Creekmore), Constantine Rob. 1082
Dorset
2049 Chaddesley Constantine I 317–318 Issue; (4) IARCH-AFD189; 1 433 434 1 MD, 1999
Corbett, Worcs NC 2001, 38
2050 Cromford, Derbys Licinius I 317–324 Incomplete; IARCH-4BEEE0; 60 60 1 Other, 1795
(1) Rob. 1034
2051 Frampton 2013, House of 317–324 Issue; (3) IARCH-4A628B; 1 14 5 20 MD, 2013
Dorset Constantine BNJ 2014, 39
2052 Canterbury House of 317–324 Issue; (3) IARCH-B352E1; 1 106 107 Other, 1956
(Hythe Road), Constantine Rob. 1086
Kent
2053 Crewkerne, House of 317–324 Incomplete; IARCH-7D6DE5; 150 150 Agric, 1872
Somerset Constantine (2) Rob. 1097
2054 Newstead 1854, Licinius I 317–324 Ruler; (3) Rob. 1055 7 7 Unknown, 1854
Scottish Borders
2055 Dorchester 1, House of 317–326 Accumu- IARCH-25AEC6; ? ? ? 300 Other, 1840
Dorset Constantine lation; (1) Rob. 1075
2056 Shepton Mallet Crispus 317–326 Issue; (2) IARCH-4633CA; 15 15 1 Unknown, 1888
(Charlton) 1888, Rob. 1078
Somerset
2057 Long Ashton 1815, House of 317–326 Incomplete; IARCH-2621B7; ? 150 150 1 Other, 1815
North Somerset Constantine (1) Rob. 1079B;
B&L 520
2058 Dorchester House of 317–330 Issue; (2) IARCH-A20C40 1 8 9 Arch, 1937

(Colliton Park), Constantine
Dorset
2059 Whiston, House of 317–340 Incomplete; IARCH-80C06E 353 353 1 MD, 1990
South Yorks Constantine (2)
2060 Colchester House of 318 Issue; (3) IARCH-DD771F; 1 125 2 128 Other, 1977
1977, Essex Constantine Rob. 1007
2061 Ibstock House of 318 Issue; (4) IARCH-C064ED; 469 469 10 1 Unknown, 1997
(Ravenstone), Constantine NC 1999, 27
Leics
2062 Sproxton 1961, Constantine 318 Issue; (3) IARCH-576E91; 173 173 1 Other, 1961
Leics II Rob. 1094
2063 Waddington, House of 318 Issue; (4) IARCH-728C23; 10 2,950 2,960 1 MD, 1976
Lincs Constantine Rob. 1087
2064 Claverley 2013, Constantine I 318 Issue; (4) IARCH-BF5CDD; 4 17 21 MD, 2013
Salop BNJ 2014, 37
2065 Sully 2008a, Vale Constantine I 318 Issue; (3) IARCH-79F92D; 490 1,875 3 2,368 1 MD, 2008
of Glamorgan NC 2011
2066 Bourton on the House of 318–319 Issue; (3) IARCH-C3BF3A; 2 3,440 3,442 1 MD, 1970
Water 1970, Glos Constantine Rob. 1083
2067 Durrington I, Constantine I 318–320 Issue; (3) IARCH-5E5D84; 8 1,416 1,424 MD, 1993
Wilts NC 1996, 119;
CHRB X
2068 Plympton , House of 318–324 Issue; (4) IARCH-463F35; 202 202 MD, 2011
Devon Constantine BNJ 2012, 37;
BNJ 2014, 38
2069 Little Constantine I 319 Imitation; IARCH-E4F9A7; 3 1 4 1 MD, 1973
Cressingham (3) B&L 443bis
(Saham Toney),
Norfolk
2070 Stanton Harcourt Constantine I 319 Issue; (3) IARCH-6777B4; 22 22 MD, 1987
1987a, Oxon Rob. 1071
2071 Little Orme House of 319–320 Incomplete; IARCH-8A3599; 8 5,024 5,032 1 Building, 1873
1873, Conwy Constantine (2) Rob. 1024
2072 Sully 2008b, Vale Constantine I 319–320 Issue; (3) IARCH-2080FA; 14 3,532 3,546 1 1 MD, 2008
of Glamorgan NC 2011
2073 Stanton Harcourt House of 320 Issue; (3) IARCH-B63B6D; 23 23 MD, 1987
1987b, Oxon Constantine Rob. 1088
2074 Pen y Corddwyn House of 320 Issue; (3) IARCH-23EBAE; 9 9 Unknown, 1978
Mawr II, Conwy Constantine Rob. 1053
2075 St Neots 1900, House of 320–324 Issue; (3) IARCH-A6540A; 17 17 Unknown, 1900
Cambs Constantine Rob. 1085
2076 Lullingstone House of 320–324 Issue; (2) IARCH-94C686 4 4 1 Arch, 1947
Roman villa IV Constantine
(Eynsford), Kent
2077 Norwich 1920, House of 320–324 Unverified; IARCH-583053; 5 6 11 Unknown, 1920
CHECKLIST OF HOARDS
Norfolk Constantine (2) Rob. 1076

2078 Radley, Oxon House of 320–324 Issue; (4) IARCH-793108; 9 9 1 Arch, 1945
2079 Alston Moor, House of 320–325 Incomplete; IARCH-A3B97E; 100 100 1 Building, 1848
Cumbria Constantine (1) Rob. 1077A
2080 Bristol (Easton), House of 321–324 Incomplete; IARCH-C32bc5; 10 704 18 732 Building, 1874
Bristol Constantine (2) Rob. 1095
251
Table 4. Cont. 252
discovery
2081 Uncertain House of 321–324 Issue; (2) IARCH-AB4DFB; 16 16 Unknown, 1900

1900, Dorset Constantine Rob. 1092; 1075A
2082 Combe, Oxon House of 321–324 Incomplete; IARCH-1AE3A9; 1 1 1 Other, 1692
2083 North Petherton, House of 321–324 Issue; (4) IARCH-7BEDBB; 24 24 MD, 2002
Somerset Constantine NC 2003, 13
2084 Stranraer, Constantine I 321–324 Ruler; (1) Rob. 1070 50 50 Unknown, 1939
Dumfries and
Galloway
2085 Swansea (Castle House of 321–330 Issue; (3) IARCH-3C8A23; 4 4 Building, 1871
Bailey Street), Constantine Rob. 1074
Swansea
2086 Bourton on the House of 322 Issue; (3) IARCH-404CC9; 1 12 13 Arch, 1967
Water 1967, Glos Constantine Rob. 1035
2087 Yewden Villa House of 323–324 Issue; (3) IARCH-4ED926; 7 287 294 1 1 Arch, 1912
(Hambleden), Constantine Rob. 1081
Bucks
2088 Mickleham House of 323–324 Issue; (3) IARCH-74D3E6; 24 24 1 Unknown, 1971
1971, Surrey Constantine Rob. 1089
2089 Hartlebury House of 323–324 Issue; (4) IARCH-CE1B51; 34 34 MD, 2011
2011, Worcs Constantine BNJ 2015, 36
2090 Langtoft II, House of 323–324 Issue; (4) IARCH-D515B1; 923 923 1 MD, 2000
East Yorks Constantine NC 2002, 23.
2091 Flaxton, Constantine I 323–324 Issue; (4) IARCH-AC2827 18 18 MD, 2007
North Yorks
2092 Kirksteads House of 323–328 Incomplete; IARCH-76625B; 1,100 1,100 1 Agric, 1855
(Beaumont), Constantine (2) Rob. 1090
Cumbria
2093 Seavington Constantine 324–325 Issue; (4) IARCH-A3145A; 9 9 MD, 2009
St Michael, II NC 2010
Somerset
2094 Caernarfon House of 324–325 Issue; (3) IARCH-CD8B48; 5 11 16 Arch, 1921
(Segontium Constantine Rob. 1073
Praetorium),
Gwynedd
2095 Ipsden (Oxford) House of 324–329 Issue; (4) IARCH-CF3947; 26 26 MD, 2012
2012a, Oxon Constantine BNJ 2014, 41

2096 Knockin Constantine I 324–329 Issue; (4) IARCH-B13A6A; 22 22 MD, 2004
(Ruyton–XI– NC 2006, 26
Towns), Salop
2097 Kingscote 1910, House of 324–330 Incomplete; IARCH-E7838D; 17 17 Unknown, 1910
Glos Constantine (2) TBGAS 1912, 109
2098 Richborough House of 324–330 Poor cond; IARCH-4E94EC; 130 130 1 Arch, 1933
(Pit 293), Kent Constantine (2) Rob. 1091
2099 Salisbury Plain I, House of 324–330 Issue; (3) IARCH-78C216; 1,897 1,897 1 Agric, 1850
Wilts Constantine Rob. 1104
2100 Salisbury Plain II, House of 324–330 Unc/ IARCH-AE69D4; 20 20 1 Unknown, 1850
Wilts Constantine disputed; (1) Rob. 1290
2101 Deighton, House of 324–330 Poor cond; IARCH-0349B7 ? ? MD, 1998
North Yorks Constantine (1)
2102 Din Lligwy House of 324–330 Issue; (3) IARCH-1AC13E; 5 5 Arch, 1908
(Moelfre), Isle of Constantine G&W 1102
Anglesey
2103 Morley St Botolph Constantine I 326 Issue; (2) IARCH-9782E2; 78 78 MD, 1994
1994, Norfolk NC 1997, 39
2104 Cae Bardd Constantine I 326 Issue; (3) IARCH-355E69; 288 288 Agric, 1935
(Meifod) 1935, Rob. 1105
Powys
2105 Brentford 1969, House of 326–328 Issue; (3) IARCH-6772AE; 67 67 Unknown, 1969
Greater London Constantine Rob. 1115
2106 Llangarren, House of 327–328 Issue; (3) IARCH-C6E62A; 2,810 2,810 1 Agric, 1912
Herefs Constantine Rob. 1084
2107 Freshwater 2015, House of 327–328 Issue; (2) IOW–B1D013; 449 449 1 MD, 2015
Isle of Wight Constantine BNJ 2016, 80
2108 Lincoln House of 327–328 Issue; (2) IARCH-D32D86; 21 21 1 Building, 1851
(Boultham), Lincs Constantine Rob. 1114
2109 Martock, House of 327–328 Issue; (4) IARCH-7B35B7; 452 452 1 2 MD, 2012
Somerset Constantine BNJ 2014, 40
2110 Westergate 1853 House of 327–328 Issue; (4) IARCH-47F39D 21 21 Unknown, 1853
(Aldingbourne), Constantine
West Sussex
2111 Durrington II, Constantine I 327–328 Issue; (3) IARCH-C277CA; 2,536 2,536 1 MD, 1993
Wilts NC 1996, 119;
CHRB X
2112 Savernake 1818 House of 327–328 Incomplete; IARCH-3B63DC; 300 300 1 Agric, 1818
(Marlborough Constantine (2) Rob. 1101
Forest), Wilts
2113 St Paul House of 327–328 Issue; (3) IARCH-932397 52 4 56 MD, 2006
Malmesbury Constantine
Without, Wilts
2114 Cae Bardd House of 327–328 Issue; (3) IARCH-B45FD8; 4,716 4,716 2 Agric, 1981
(Meifod) 1981, Constantine Rob. 1106
Powys
CHECKLIST OF HOARDS
2115 Goodnestone II, House of 328 Issue; (3) IARCH-44776A; 19 19 MD, 1994
Kent Constantine NC 2002, 24
2116 Charlton House of 328 Issue; (2) IARCH-DFFD7D 6 6 Unknown, 1994
Horethorne, Constantine
Somerset
253
Table 4. Cont. 254
discovery
2117 South Shields House of 329 Issue; (3) IARCH-96D9F2; 59 59 Arch, 1874
1874b, Tyne and Constantine Rob. 1103
Wear
Periods 15–16. 296–317

2118 Croxton, Licinius I 308–324 Incomplete; IARCH-EFD371; ? ? Unknown, 1700
North Lincs (1) Rob. 1026
Period 17. 330–48

2119 Blyth, Notts House of 330–333 Issue; (2) IARCH-E47099; 94 94 Unknown, 1700
2120 Bedminster House of 330–335 Incomplete; IARCH-5046B4; 1 24 25 1 Building, 1944
(Bristol Ashton Constantine (2) Rob. 1174
Vale), Bristol
2121 Bristol House of 330–335 Issue; (3) IARCH-127F03; 6 6 Arch, 1949
(Kingweston Villa), Constantine Rob. 1125
Bristol
2122 Neston, Cheshire House of 330–335 Incomplete; IARCH-7B7582; ? ? Agric, 1866
2123 Carn Brea II, House of 330–335 Incomplete; IARCH-AB9F58; ? ? ? 3 Unknown, 1749
Cornwall Constantine (1) Rob. 1133
2124 Mullion, House of 330–335 Incomplete; IARCH-B478DD; 30 30 Unknown, 1958
2125 Bakewell (Derbys House of 330–335 Incomplete; IARCH-B16D92; 4 4 Other, 1750
Dales), Derbys Constantine (1) Rob. 1137
2126 Okehampton, House of 330–335 Issue; (3) IARCH-86F379; 174 174 1 Other, 1897
Devon Constantine Rob. 1139
2127 Chesil Beach II, House of 330–335 Issue; (3) IARCH-FAEF9F 66 66 Unknown, 2003
Dorset Constantine
2128 Kingscote 1974, House of 330–335 Issue; (2) IARCH-831197 26 26 Arch, 1973
Glos Constantine
2129 West Dean 2015, House of 330–335 Issue; (3) GLO–BEC0A0 12 12 MD, 2015
Glos Constantine
2130 Alveston House of 330–335 Issue; (2) IARCH-130110; 1 26 27 Arch, 1976
(Thornbury) 1976, Constantine Rob. 1127
South Glos
2131 Southbury House of 330–335 Incomplete; IARCH-51C7F7; 2 324 326 1 Arch, 1975
(Lincoln Road II), Constantine (2) Rob. 1171
Greater London
2132 Tavistock Square, House of 330–335 Incomplete; IARCH-85F4B9; 1 1 667 669 1 Building, 1924
Greater London Constantine (2) Rob. 1145
2133 Chilbolton House of 330–335 Issue; (2) IARCH-31523C; 820 820 2 Other, 1941
Down, Hants Constantine Rob. 1119
2134 Silchester (South House of 330–335 Issue; (3) IARCH-78EA24; 8 8 Arch, 1892
of Forum), Hants Constantine Rob. 1182
2135 Winchester House of 330–335 Issue; (2) IARCH-CD87E5; 30 30 Unknown, 1946
1946, Hants Constantine Rob. 1120
2136 Aston Ingham House of 330–335 Issue; (4) IARCH-466210; 48 48 MD, 2006
2006 (Addenda), Constantine NC 2008, 29
Herefs
2137 Linwood House of 330–335 Issue; (3) LIN–A44216; 17 17 MD, 2015
(Linwood area), Constantine BNJ 2016, 81
Lincs
2138 Stamford House of 330–335 Issue; (2) IARCH-240A42; 11 11 Unknown, 1850
(Ermine St.), Constantine Rob. 1170
Lincs
2139 Burgh Castle House of 330–335 Imitation; IARCH-5D108E; 4 4 Arch, 1958
(Hoard 4), Constantine (3) Rob. 1121
Norfolk
2140 Burgh Castle House of 330–335 Imitation; IARCH-7CFA6C; 1 2 3 Arch, 1958
(Hoard 7), Norfolk Constantine (3) Rob. 1122
2141 Ilchester 1949a, House of 330–335 Issue; (3) IARCH-67DD83; 7 3 10 Agric, 1949
Somerset Constantine Rob. 1149
2142 Leigh on Mendip House of 330–335 Issue; (3) IARCH-22C039; 1 451 452 Agric, 1865
(Mendip Hills), Constantine Rob. 1126
Somerset
2143 Fazeley House of 330–335 Issue; (3) IARCH-3A6EB1; 36 36 MD, 2014
(Tamworth), Constantine BNJ 2015, 38
Staffordshire
2144 Billingshurst, House of 330–335 Unverified; IARCH-583075; 5 5 Unknown, 1930
West Sussex Constantine (2) Rob. 1063
2145 Storrington 1855 House of 330–335 Unverified; IARCH-6FAD71; 1,800 1,800 1 Other, 1855
(Redford), Constantine (1) Rob. 1175
West Sussex
2146 Washington, House of 330–335 Issue; (2) IARCH-9DCF9B; 59 59 1 Building, 1939
Tyne and Wear Constantine Rob. 1140
2147 Savernake House of 330–335 Issue; (2) IARCH-F9312C; 531 531 1 Unknown, 1889
1889, Wilts Constantine Rob. 1154
2148 Uncertain House of 330–335 Incomplete; IARCH-CEB228; 1 147 148 1 Unknown, 1940
1940, Wilts Constantine (2) Rob. 1155A
2149 Sutton on Hull House of 330–335 Issue; (3) IARCH-E7DDF6; 17 17 MD, 1987
1987, East Yorks Constantine Rob. 1128A
2150 Swine 1804, House of 330–335 Incomplete; IARCH-CED008; ? ? Gardening, 1804
East Yorks Constantine (1) Rob. 1164
CHECKLIST OF HOARDS
2151 Swine 1964, House of 330–335 Issue; (2) IARCH-2A47AA; 3,000 3,000 1 Agric, 1964
East Yorks Constantine Rob. 1129
2152 Maltby 1979 House of 330–335 Issue; (4) IARCH-2A8A34; 55 55 MD, 1979
(Roche Abbey), Constantine Rob. 1128
South Yorks
2153 Llangwm, Conwy House of 330–335 Incomplete; IARCH-745A0F; 100 100 Unknown, 1800
Constantine (1) G&W 928
255
Table 4. Cont. 256
discovery
2154 Llanelidan House of 330–335 Incomplete; IARCH-8BEB63; 200 200 1 1 Unknown, 1866
(Bodlywydd), Constantine (1) Rob. 1160
Denbighshire
2155 Mathern House of 330–335 Incomplete; IARCH-5050C4; 19 19 Building, 1895
(Pwllmeyric), Constantine (2) G&W 130
Monmouthshire
2156 Usk (East House of 330–335 Incomplete; IARCH-C100C2; 35 35 3 Arch, 1970
Rampart I), Constantine (2) Rob. 1177
Monmouthshire
2157 Langstone, House of 330–335 Incomplete; IARCH-DCA958; 1,700 1,700 Other, 1850
Newport Constantine (1) Rob. 1161
2158 Llanfair House of 330–335 Incomplete; IARCH-80DB53; 1 376 3 380 1 Unknown, 1740
Caereinion, Constantine (2) Rob. 1178
Powys
2159 Wenvoe 1997, House of 330–335 Issue; (3) IARCH-472D6B; 45 45 Unknown, 1997
Vale of Glamorgan Constantine G&W 565
2160 Lincoln House of 330–336 Issue; (2) IARCH-CBD8AD 8 2 10 Arch, 1983
(Michaelgate), Constantine
Lincs
2161 Beaumaris 1909, House of 330–337 Unverified; IARCH-7C4115; 24 24 Unknown, 1909
Isle of Anglesey Constantine (2) Rob. 1050
2162 Morval, Cornwall House of 330–341 Incomplete; IARCH-E1E9F8; 24 24 Other, 1859
2163 Stithians, House of 330–341 Unc/ IARCH-B8FDD1; 3 12 3 6 24 Agric, 1910
Cornwall Constantine disputed; (2) Rob. 1135
2164 Tywardreath House of 330–341 Incomplete; IARCH-A81EAF; 49 4 53 Unknown, 1769
(Fowey), Cornwall Constantine (2) Rob. 1136
2165 Low Borrow Bridge House of 330–341 Incomplete; IARCH-9FAEC2 14 14 Building, 1852
(Tebay), Cumbria Constantine (2)
2166 Exeter (St David’s) House of 330–341 Incomplete; IARCH-B30D59; 1 5 1 7 Building, 1836
3, Devon Constantine (2) Rob. 1138
2167 Blakeney (Millend House of 330–341 Unverified; IARCH-8359C1 11 11 2 1 Arch, 1997
Lane), Glos Constantine (2)
2168 Maisemore, Glos House of 330–341 Issue; (2) IARCH-427DC0 8 1 17 26 7 MD, 1997
Constantine
2169 Woolaston 1862, House of 330–341 Incomplete; IARCH-C11DD2; ? ? Agric, 1862
Glos Constantine (2) Rob. 1169

2170 Manchester House of 330–341 Issue; (2) IARCH-67086E; 6 6 Building, 1828
(Victoria Bridge), Constantine Rob. 1141
Greater
Manchester
2171 Ware, Herts House of 330–341 Imitation; IARCH-8111C1 18 18 Arch, 1978
Constantine (2)
2172 Lullingstone Roman House of 330–341 Issue; (2) IARCH-94B739 18 18 1 Arch, 1947
villa III (Eynsford), Constantine
Kent
2173 Thrussington, House of 330–341 Issue; (2) IARCH-D87441; ? ? 1 Unknown, 1850
Leics Constantine Rob. 1142
2174 Pointon, Lincs House of 330–341 Issue; (2) IARCH-B31256; 38 38 Fieldwalking, 1982
2175 Alkborough, House of 330–341 Incomplete; IARCH-104D74; 8 8 1 Other, 1931
North Lincs Constantine (2) Rob. 1143
2176 Winterton House of 330–341 Issue; (2) IARCH-999168 5 5 Arch, 1958
Roman villa, Constantine
North Lincs
2177 Easton 1851, House of 330–341 Incomplete; IARCH-A630BA; 11 2,549 2,560 1 Agric, 1851
2178 Naseby 1924, House of 330–341 Issue; (2) IARCH-91E83B; 57 57 Unknown, 1924
Northants Constantine Rob. 1146
2179 Corbridge (Site VI), House of 330–341 Imitation; IARCH-ED7F04; 491 491 1 Arch, 1907
Northumberland Constantine (2) Rob. 1207
2180 Corbridge (Site XI, House of 330–341 Imitation; IARCH-C26AA6; 400 400 Arch, 1908
Court 3), Constantine (2) Rob. 1208
Northumberland
2181 Corbridge (Site House of 330–341 Incomplete; IARCH-7A302D; 1 39 40 Arch, 1910
XI, S Range), Constantine (2) Rob. 1147
Northumberland
2182 Beckley and House of 330–341 Incomplete; IARCH-21EE7C; ? ? 1 Unknown, 1647
Stowood (Stanton Constantine (1) Rob. 1878
St John), Oxon
2183 Kynnersley, Salop House of 330–341 Issue; (2) IARCH-9bcF3F; ? ? Unknown, 1840
2184 Butley, Suffolk House of 330–341 Issue; (2) IARCH-11DB48; 15 15 2 1 Unknown, 1930
2185 Farnham 1940, House of 330–341 Incomplete; IARCH-284977; 8 8 Unknown, 1940
Surrey Constantine (2) Rob. 1151
2186 Weoley House of 330–341 Incomplete; IARCH-F05605; ? 17 17 Unknown, 1847
(Bromsgrove), Constantine (1) Rob. 1156
West Midlands
2187 Heddington, House of 330–341 Issue; (2) IARCH-98C770; ? ? ? 1 Agric, 1653
2188 Lyneham, Wilts House of 330–341 Incomplete; IARCH-E83F85; ? ? Unknown, 1940
2189 Warminster House of 330–341 Issue; (2) IARCH-95EAC1; ? 150 150 1 Agric, 1764
CHECKLIST OF HOARDS
1764, Wilts Constantine Rob. 1155

2190 Swine 1826, House of 330–341 Incomplete; IARCH-993D92; 14,000 14,000 1 Other, 1826
2191 Giggleswick, House of 330–341 Unc/ IARCH-83706D; ? ? ? Other, 1784
North Yorks Constantine disputed; (1) Rob. 1447
2192 Penrhyndeudraeth House of 330–341 Incomplete; IARCH-753E60; 5,000 5,000 Other, 1845
(Tyddyn Isaf), Constantine (1) Rob. 1213
257
Gwynedd
Table 4. Cont. 258
discovery
2193 Penrhos House of 330–341 Incomplete; IARCH-933920; ? ? 1 Unknown, 1710
(Trearddur), Isle Constantine (1) Rob. 1159
of Anglesey
2194 Caerwent House of 330–341 Issue; (2) IARCH-EB4A6F; ?? ? Arch, 1911
(House VIII N), Constantine Rob. 1131
Monmouthshire
2195 Monmouth 1894, House of 330–341 Issue; (2) IARCH-C8FB71; 3 3 Building, 1894
Monmouthshire Constantine Rob. 1162
2196 Bausley with House of 330–341 Incomplete; IARCH-20EE63; 1 13 2 16 Other, 1875
Criggion (Breiddin Constantine (1) Rob. 1054
Hill), Powys
2197 Llangattock Park, House of 330–341 Incomplete; IARCH-931766; 6 6 Other, 1854
Powys Constantine (2) G&W 848
2198 Wymbush (Abbey House of 330–348 Issue; (2) IARCH-B9BAA7 ? ? Arch, 1971
Hill), Bucks, Constantine
Milton Keynes
2199 Gwinear 1830, House of 330–348 Issue; (3) IARCH-2905A3; 12 12 Unknown, 1830
Cornwall Constantine Rob. 1110
2200 Binchester Roman House of 330–350 Unverified; IARCH-24CAD8 17 17 Arch, 1976
Fort (Bishop Constantine (1)
Auckland),
County Durham
2201 Condorah House of 330–361 Incomplete; IARCH-263C40; ? 0 1 Unknown, 1735
(St Anthony in Constantine (1) Rob. 1134
Meneage),
Cornwall
2202 Carleton St Peter Constantine I 332–333 Issue; (3) IARCH-CF0197; 127 127 1 MD, 2000
2000, Norfolk NC 2001, 36
2203 Warsop, Notts House of 332–333 Issue; (4) IARCH-EA12D3; 341 341 1 Building, 1973
2204 Catcote II (Hart), House of 332–333 Issue; (3) IARCH-8B5C72; 11 11 Arch, 2003
Teesside Constantine NC 2008, 32
2205 Leicester (Vine House of 332–335 Unverified; IARCH-141803; 539 539 1 Arch, 2006
Street), Leics Constantine (2) NC 2007, 43
2206 South Killingholme, House of 332–335 Incomplete; IARCH-62D1F5 3 3,797 3,800 1 MD, 1993
North Lincs Constantine (2)
2207 Great Ness House of 333–335 Issue; (4) IARCH-1CEDC8; 18 9,297 9,315 4 1 MD, 2009
(Shrewsbury area), Constantine BNJ 2012, 38
Salop
2208 Uley 2, Glos House of 333–350 Unc/ IARCH-F49EF0; ? 50 50 1 Other, 1872
Constantine disputed; (1) Rob. 1168
2209 Avebury 1849, Constans 333–350 Incomplete; IARCH-300B6F; 84 84 Other, 1849
Wilts (1) Rob. 1176
2210 Holyhead House of 335 Incomplete; IARCH-42C30B; 10 ? 10 Agric, 1820
Mountain Constantine (1) Rob. 1066;
(Trearddur) 1820, B&L 663
Isle of Anglesey
2211 Nether Alderley House of 335–337 Issue; (4) IARCH-DBD58A; 564 564 1 1 Other, 1995
(Alderley Edge), Constantine NC 1997, 40;
Cheshire CHRB X
2212 Monyash, Derbys House of 335–337 Incomplete; IARCH-CCD902; 5 4 9 Other, 1927
2213 Great Hale, Lincs House of 335–337 Issue; (4) IARCH-2F9596; 881 881 1 MD, 2006
Constantine NC 2007, 42
2214 Eynsham, Oxon House of 335–337 Issue; (3) IARCH-46AC8A; 1 32 1 34 1 Agric, 1935
2215 Chapmanslade, Constantine I 335–337 Issue; (4) IARCH-2DEC05; 12 5,188 5,200 1 MD, 1993
Wilts NC 1996, 120;
CHRB X
2216 Tickhill 2015b, Constantine I 335–337 Issue; (3) SWYOR–5669FC; 1 55 56 MD, 2015
2217 Sea Mills 1933 House of 335–341 Issue; (2) IARCH-7AA7E8; 13 13 Unknown, 1933
(Stoke Bishop), Constantine Rob. 1222
Bristol
2218 Uncertain, Bucks House of 335–341 Imitation; IARCH-720AEE; 1 29 30 Unknown, 1990
Constantine (2) CHRB X
2219 Newby (Eden House of 335–341 Incomplete; IARCH-82E1E5 600 600 1 MD, 2010
Valley), Cumbria Constantine (1)
2220 North Wingfield House of 335–341 Issue; (4) IARCH-1EEB15; 1 1,421 1,422 1 MD, 2001
(Grassmoor), Constantine NC 2002, 25
Derbys
2221 Nether Compton, House of 335–341 Issue; (2) IARCH-6A057D; 600 22,103 22,703 1 2 MD, 1989
Dorset Constantine CHRB XII
2222 Filton (Stoke House of 335–341 Incomplete; IARCH-4578E8; ? 48 48 1 Other, 1880
Gifford), South Constantine (2) Rob. 1223
Glos
2223 Standon, Herts House of 335–341 Issue; (3) IARCH-989651; 2 36 38 MD, 2010
Constantine NC 2011
2224 Chatham or House of 335–341 Issue; (3) IARCH-687F16; 80 80 Unknown, 1920
Rochester, Kent Constantine Rob. 1183
2225 Springhead House of 335–341 Issue; (3) IARCH-4DAAE0; 17 5 1 23 24 Arch, 1959
(Temple II), Kent Constantine Rob. 1218
2226 Burgh Castle House of 335–341 Imitation; IARCH-455211; 53 53 Arch, 1958
(Hoard 1), Norfolk Constantine (3) Rob. 1184
CHECKLIST OF HOARDS
2227 Burgh Castle House of 335–341 Imitation; IARCH-EA1D7C; 7 7 Arch, 1958

Norfolk
2228 Burgh Castle House of 335–341 Imitation; IARCH-7C8133; 29 29 Arch, 1958
Norfolk
259
Table 4. Cont. 260
discovery
2229 Burgh Castle House of 335–341 Imitation; IARCH-55F1A5; 19 19 Arch, 1958

Norfolk
2230 Burgh Castle House of 335–341 Imitation; IARCH-31F670; 7 7 Arch, 1958
Norfolk
2231 Burgh Castle House of 335–341 Imitation; IARCH-72BB18; 7 7 Arch, 1958
Norfolk
2232 Burgh Castle House of 335–341 Imitation; IARCH-BA2B92; 4 4 Arch, 1958
Norfolk
2233 Burgh Castle House of 335–341 Imitation; IARCH-C4C1D0; 15 15 Arch, 1958
Norfolk
2234 Caister on Sea House of 335–341 Issue; (3) IARCH-8783B3; 24 24 1 Arch, 1951
12, Norfolk Constantine Rob. 1219
2235 Caister on Sea 5, House of 335–341 Issue; (2) IARCH-FE7724; 26 26 Arch, 1952
Norfolk Constantine Rob. 1193
2236 Caister on Sea 6, House of 335–341 Issue; (2) IARCH-F6F6D0; 8 8 Arch, 1952
2237 Caister on Sea 7, House of 335–341 Issue; (2) IARCH-bcE55A; 15 15 Arch, 1952
2238 Caister on Sea 8, House of 335–341 Issue; (2) IARCH-816FBE; 1 14 15 Arch, 1952
2239 Caister on Sea 9, House of 335–341 Issue; (2) IARCH-914296; 10 10 Arch, 1952
2240 Wootton Fields House of 335–341 Incomplete; IARCH-3332E2; 1,900 1,900 1 1 Arch, 2003
(Hackleton), Constantine (1) TAR 2003, 377
Northants
2241 Somerton, House of 335–341 Issue; (3) IARCH-418B2D; 138 138 MD, 2013
2242 Backwell, North House of 335–341 Issue; (4) IARCH-8A313B; 2 23 25 MD, 2012
2243 Chichester House of 335–341 Issue; (2) IARCH-B2AFFC; 45 1 46 1 Arch, 1978
(Eastgate), Constantine Rob. 1307
West Sussex
2244 Healaugh 2009 House of 335–341 Issue; (3) IARCH-420D1A 1 73 74 MD, 2009
(Tadcaster), Constantine
North Yorks
2245 Kettlewell, House of 335–341 Issue; (3) IARCH-7A4C45; 18 18 Building, 1877
North Yorks Constantine Rob. 1157
2246 Stanley and House of 335–341 Incomplete; IARCH-26625B; 7,198 7,198 1 Agric, 1905
Outwood East Constantine (2) Rob. 1181
1905 (Wakefield),
West Yorks
2247 Moel Fenlli House of 335–341 Issue; (2) IARCH-2AF55F; 12 12 Other, 1845
(Llanbedr Dyffryn Constantine Rob. 1212
Clwyd) I,
Denbighshire
2248 Ogof yr Esgyrn House of 335–341 Issue; (3) IARCH-92FCFC; 6 6 Arch, 1938
(Tawe Uchaf) 2, Constantine Rob. 1199
Powys
2249 Eglwys y Groes House of 335–341 Issue; (3) IARCH-86A57A; 8 8 Unknown, 1840
(Bronington), Constantine Rob. 1214
Wrexham
2250 Wattle Syke House of 335–348 Incomplete; IARCH-98C3CF 3 3 Arch, 2007
2007a (Wetherby), Constantine (2)
West Yorks
2251 Cranfield, Beds House of 337–341 Issue; (2) IARCH-A0E34B; 3 1,697 1,700 1 Agric, 1946
2252 Tingrith, Beds House of 337–341 Incomplete; IARCH-443E65; 2,646 2,646 1 1 Other, 1961
2253 Maidenhatch Farm House of 337–341 Imitation; IARCH-E2EF35 19 5,790 5,809 Arch, 1969
(Bradfield), Berks Constantine (3)
2254 Bancroft Roman House of 337–341 Issue; (3) IARCH-618B89; 76 76 Arch, 1978
Villa (Stantonbury) Constantine Rob. 1217
1, Bucks,
Milton Keynes
2255 Longstanton House of 337–341 Issue; (1) CAM–CBAA89 81 81 MD, 2015
(Northstowe Constantine
phase 1), Cambs
2256 Lellizzick, Padstow, House of 337–341 Issue; (4) IARCH-D8B4CB; 26 1 27 2 MD/arch, 2007
Cornwall Constantine NC 2008, 33
2257 Tintagel Castle, House of 337–341 Issue; (3) IARCH-8AAB98; 4 6 10 1 Arch, 1955
Cornwall Constantine Penhallurick 218
2258 Leigh on Sea 1972, House of 337–341 Ruler; (2) BM-B554B4 10 10 Unknown, 1972
Essex, Southend Constantine
2259 West Dean 2012, House of 337–341 Issue; (3) IARCH-FFCF6C; 3 496 499 2 1 MD, 2012
Glos Constantine BNJ 2014, 42
2260 Canterbury (Rose House of 337–341 Issue; (3) IARCH-944817 1 11 4 16 Arch, 1978
Lane Site, Constantine
Hoard 6), Kent
CHECKLIST OF HOARDS
2261 Hameringham House of 337–341 Issue; (4) IARCH-D1677F; 209 209 1 MD, 2014
(Spilsby area), Constantine BNJ 2015, 39
Lincs
2262 Burgh Castle House of 337–341 Imitation; IARCH-6FE773; 11 11 Arch, 1958
Norfolk
261
Table 4. Cont. 262
discovery
2263 Burgh Castle House of 337–341 Imitation; IARCH-C64D2A; 597 597 Arch, 1958
Norfolk
2264 Burgh Castle House of 337–341 Imitation; IARCH-E11F39; 5 5 Arch, 1958
(Hoard 2B), Constantine (3) Rob. 1202
Norfolk
2265 Burgh Castle House of 337–341 Issue; (3) IARCH-D37466; 73 73 Arch, 1958
(Hoard 6), Constantine Rob. 1203
Norfolk
2266 Burgh Castle House of 337–341 Imitation; IARCH-DDD404; 30 30 Arch, 1958
(Hoard 9), Constantine (3) Rob. 1203A
Norfolk
2267 Caister on Sea 1, House of 337–341 Incomplete; IARCH-585A27; 3 61 64 Building, 1936
2268 Caister on Sea 10, House of 337–341 Issue; (2) IARCH-235F66; 31 31 Arch, 1952
2269 Caister on Sea 11, House of 337–341 Issue; (2) IARCH-FEB14F; 14 14 Arch, 1952
2270 Caister on Sea 13, House of 337–341 Issue; (2) IARCH-CC9B78; 86 86 Arch, 1952
2271 Corbridge House of 337–341 Poor cond; IARCH-7EACD2; 50 50 Arch, 1908
(East Granary), Constantine (1) Rob. 1209
Northumberland
2272 Woodeaton 1850 House of 337–341 Issue; (4) IARCH-901651; 6 1,563 1,569 Agric, 1850
(Islip), Oxon Constantine Rob. 1239
2273 Hadley and House of 337–341 Issue; (3) IARCH-CFD401; 24 24 MD, 2014
Leegomery Constantine BNJ 2015, 37
(Telford), Salop
2274 Catsgore House of 337–341 Issue; (3) IARCH-40793E; 28 28 Arch, 1970
(Somerton) 2, Constantine Rob. 1221
Somerset
2275 Cheddar House of 337–341 Issue; (2) IARCH-615BF9; 25 25 Other, 1929
(Milkway), Constantine Rob. 1210
Somerset
2276 Polesworth House of 337–341 Issue; (2) IARCH-309FF0; ? ? 1 Agric, 1762
(Shuttington), Constantine Rob. 1216
Warks
2277 East Coulston, House of 337–341 Issue; (3) IARCH-D30433; 345 345 1 Unknown, 1830
2278 Market Weighton House of 337–341 Issue; (4) IARCH-546FBF; . 2 501 503 1 Agric, 2000
2000 Constantine NC 2001, 37
(Shiptonthorpe),
East Yorks
2279 Doncaster (St House of 337–341 Issue; (3) IARCH-DAE2AA; 1 44 45 1 1 Arch, 1976
Sepulchregate), Constantine Rob. 1200A
South Yorks
2280 Corsock, Helena 337–341 Ruler; (2) Rob. 1260 20 20 Unknown, 1918
Dumfries and
Galloway
2281 Edinburgh Helena 337–341 Ruler; (3) Rob. 1283 11 11 Unknown, 1952
(Craigmillar Castle),
Midlothian
2282 Church Farm House of 337–341 Issue; (3) IARCH-1CE75B; 5 5 Arch, 1997
(Caldicot), Constantine G&W 64
Monmouthshire
2283 Hartsfield School House of 341–347 Issue; (2) IARCH-E1EF8F 23 23 MD/arch, 1982
Playing Field Constantine
(Baldock), Herts
2284 Bourn Airfield, House of 341–348 Issue; (4) IARCH-B818C3 15 15 Arch, 2005
Cambs Constantine
2285 Exeter (St Thomas) House of 341–348 Incomplete; IARCH-E18FBB; 33 33 Other, 1874
I, Devon Constantine (2) Rob. 1242
2286 Seaton Down House of 341–348 Issue; (3) IARCH-F95723; 11 22,514 22,525 3 2 MD, 2013
(Colyton), Devon Constantine BNJ 2015, 40
2287 Maiden Castle House of 341–348 Issue; (3) IARCH-93749A; 70 70 1 Arch, 1934
(Road), Dorset Constantine Rob. 1226
2288 North Dorset, House of 341–348 Incomplete; IARCH-AFE97C; 7500 7500 Unknown, 1985
Dorset Constantine (2) Rob. 1227
2289 Colchester (Cups House of 341–348 Imitation; IARCH-83CFD4 168 168 1 Arch, 1973
Hotel), Essex Constantine (2)
2290 Boddington, Glos House of 341–348 Issue; (3) IARCH-EFB944; 10 10 MD, 2010
Constantine NC 2011
2291 Cirencester (East House of 341–348 Unverified; IARCH-4B5CFE; 480 480 Arch, 1960
Defences), Glos Constantine (1) Rob. 1228
2292 Eastington 1960, House of 341–348 Incomplete; IARCH-4689C7; 12 12 1 Unknown, 1960
Glos Constantine (2) Rob. 1243 = 1646
2293 Frocester Court House of 341–348 Imitation; IARCH-82D017 2 2 Arch, 1961
Roman Villa 3, Constantine (1)
Glos
2294 Gloucester House of 341–348 Issue; (3) IARCH-C32486; 20 20 Arch, 1966
(Westgate) 1, Glos Constantine Rob. 1244
2295 Haresfield, Glos House of 341–348 Incomplete; IARCH-EB660C; ? 3,000 3,000 1 Agric, 1828
2296 Woolaston 1885, House of 341–348 Incomplete; IARCH-3E8A7D; 206 206 Unknown, 1885
CHECKLIST OF HOARDS
Glos Constantine (2) Rob. 1246

2297 Thornbury, House of 341–348 Issue; (3) IARCH-E4B3BA; 11 11,449 11,460 1 1 Gardening, 2004
South Glos Constantine NC 2005, 46
2298 Cadnam House of 341–348 Issue; (3) IARCH-11D343; 610 610 2 1 Building, 1983
(Copythorne), Constantine Rob. 1229
Hants
263
Table 4. Cont. 264
discovery
2299 Silchester (Insula House of 341–348 Issue; (3) IARCH-A75972; 2 34 36 1 Arch, 1891
III), Hants Constantine Rob. 1230
2300 Silchester (Insula House of 341–348 Issue; (3) IARCH-2FD918; 86 1 87 1 Arch, 1908
XXIX), Hants Constantine Rob. 1231
2301 Winchester House of 341–348 Issue; (3) IARCH-D00B54; 52 52 MD, 1983
(Sparsholt), Hants Constantine Rob. 1233
2302 Winchester House of 341–348 Issue; (2) IARCH-D65045; 2 16 2 20 Arch, 1963
(St Michael) Constantine Rob. 1232
1963a, Hants
2303 Bishops Wood House of 341–348 Issue; (2) IARCH-46AB09; 2 17,548 17,550 3 Building, 1895
(Walford), Herefs Constantine Rob. 1247
2304 Hereford, Herefs House of 341–348 Unc/ IARCH-116E47; 2 6 8 Gardening, 1953
Constantine disputed; (2) Rob. 1492
2305 Chorleywood, House of 341–348 Issue; (4) IARCH-969EA7; 1 4,357 4,358 1 Agric, 1977
Herts Constantine Rob. 1234
2306 Fiskerton, Lincs House of 341–348 Issue; (3) IARCH-972217; 46 46 MD/arch, 2004
Constantine NC 2005, 45
2307 Burgh Castle House of 341–348 Imitation; IARCH-9EB08F; 78 78 Arch, 1958
(Hoard 2A), Constantine (3) Rob. 1235
Norfolk
2308 Caister on Sea 14, House of 341–348 Issue; (2) IARCH-8015E5; 1 19 20 Arch, 1952
2309 Corbridge House of 341–348 Issue; (2) IARCH-CCFC81; 7 7 Arch, 1880
(Museum 1), Constantine Rob. 1248
Northumberland
2310 Corbridge House of 341–348 Issue; (3) IARCH-D5FEFD; 7 7 Arch, 1956
(Museum 3), Constantine Rob. 1235B
Northumberland
2311 Vindolanda 1937, House of 341–348 Poor cond; IARCH-2AFC71; 6 6 Arch, 1937
Northumberland Constantine (1) Rob. 1235A
2312 Bicester 1979, House of 341–348 Issue; (3) IARCH-71BBF3; 440 440 Agric, 1979
Oxon Constantine Rob. 1237
2313 Shakenoak Farm, House of 341–348 Issue; (3) IARCH-9EFF39; 17 17 1 Arch, 1972
North Leigh, Constantine Rob. 1238
1972, Oxon
2314 Gatcombe I House of 341–348 Issue; (4) IARCH-9CCCFB; 7 7 Arch, 1965
(Long Ashton), Constantine Rob. 1239

North Somerset
2315 Freston (Holbrook), House of 341–348 Issue; (3) IARCH-F86BFD; 2 3,116 3,118 1 1 Agric, 1959
Suffolk Constantine Rob. 1240
2316 Sutton 1870a, House of 341–348 Issue; (2) IARCH-DF9AD9; ? ? 1 Agric, 1870
Suffolk Constantine Rob. 1249
2317 Leatherhead House of 341–348 Issue; (4) IARCH-CB5634; 52 52 MD, 2000
South, Surrey Constantine NC 2003, 14
2318 St Leonard’s on House of 341–348 Unc/ IARCH-78DBAC; 129 129 Unknown, 1940
Sea, East Sussex Constantine disputed; (2) Rob. 1255
2319 Catcote I (Hart), House of 341–348 Issue; (3) IARCH-E810A3; 21 21 Arch, 2003
Teesside Constantine NC 2008, 32
2320 Longbridge House of 341–348 Issue; (4) IARCH-7E5DD5; 903 903 1 2 MD, 2003
Deverill 2003, Constantine TAR 2003, 378
Wilts
2321 Pewsey 2014, House of 341–348 Issue; (4) BERK–637CB6; 2 2,381 2,383 1 MD, 2014
Wilts Constantine BNJ 2016, 83
2322 Haxby A, House of 341–348 Issue; (4) IARCH-DC8771; 2 506 508 1 MD, 1993
City of York Constantine TAR 2002, 206
2323 Heslington 1891 House of 341–348 Incomplete; IARCH-7FCFE4; 6,000 6,000 1 Agric, 1891
(Langwith), Constantine (2) Rob. 1251
City of York
2324 Womersley 1967, House of 341–348 Issue; (2) IARCH-575ADD; 3,247 3,247 1 1 Agric, 1967
North Yorks Constantine Rob. 1241
2325 Maesmore House of 341–348 Incomplete; IARCH-B7BE6E; 12 1,688 1,700 1 Agric, 1863
(Llangwm), Conwy Constantine (2) Rob. 1253
2326 Moel Fenlli House of 341–348 Incomplete; IARCH-3551CC; 1 1 1,498 1,500 Other, 1816
(Llanbedr Dyffryn Constantine (2) Rob. 1252
Clwyd) II,
Denbighshire
2327 Chepstow, House of 341–348 Issue; (2) IARCH-22A7F5 10,000 10,000 Unknown, 1995
Monmouthshire Constantine
2328 Cowbridge (High House of 341–348 Issue; (3) IARCH-5A3405; 5 5 Arch, 1981
Street), Vale of Constantine G&W 453
Glamorgan
2329 Llanbethery House of 341–348 Issue; (3) IARCH-73666A; 6 808 814 1 Agric, 1957
(Llancarfan), Vale Constantine Rob. 1254
of Glamorgan
Periods 15–17. 296–348

2330 Barnton, Constantine I 306–337 Incomplete; IARCH-5090CD ? ? 1 Unknown, 1878
Cheshire (1)
2331 Hesket House of 306–337 Issue; (2) IARCH-52D674; 20 20 Unknown, 1758
(Armathwaite), Constantine Rob. 1014
Cumbria
2332 Kirkandrews Constantine 306–337 Incomplete; IARCH-C9D1E6; ? ? Unknown, 1785
(Beaumont), (1) Rob. 998
CHECKLIST OF HOARDS
Cumbria
2333 Pin Dale Constantine I 306–337 Incomplete; IARCH-CC7FCD; ? 18 Other, 1936
(Bradwell), (1) HER 2215;
Derbys Pastscape 309581
2334 Coombe Neville, Constantine I 306–337 Issue; (2) IARCH-349DDD; ? ? 1 Other, 1724
Greater London Rob. 1046
265
Table 4. Cont. 266
discovery
2335 Islington, Constantine I 306–337 Incomplete; IARCH-C2936F; ? ? ? ? 1 Building, 1845

York Way, (1) B&L 406
Greater London
2336 Lancaster (Castle) Constantine I 306–337 Incomplete; IARCH-10517B; ? ? Other, 1830
1, Lancs (1) Rob. 1019
2337 Carlby, Lincs House of 306–337 Incomplete; IARCH-4443B5; ? 100 1 Unknown, 1837
2338 Cringleford, Constantine I 306–337 Incomplete; IARCH-B32418; ? 100 Agric, 1842
2339 Morley St Botolph Constantine I 308–337 Incomplete; IARCH-8FBB36; ? ? 1 Agric, 1847
1884, Norfolk (1) Rob. 1021
2340 Upwell 1844, Constantine I 306–337 Issue; (2) IARCH-2E2CAC; ? ? Unknown, 1844
Norfolk Rob. 1029
2341 Llanymynech, Constantine I 306–337 Issue; (2) IARCH-4AEBFA; ? ? Other, 1815
Salop Rob. 1061
2342 Dunster Park Constantine I 306–337 Incomplete; IARCH-8EB656; ? ? Unknown, 1863
(Carhampton), (1) Rob. 1044
Somerset
2343 Holbrook, Suffolk Constantine I 306–337 Incomplete; IARCH-6C19AA; ? ? Other, 1841
(1) Rob. 1005;
HER HBK 002
2344 Wickhambrook, Constantine I 306–337 Incomplete; IARCH-2558F2; ? ? 2 Agric, 1788
2345 Selsey (Greenlease Constantine 306–337 Incomplete; IARCH-8EEE13; ? ? 1 Other, 1915
Farm), West Sussex (1) Rob. 1048
2346 North Littleton, Constantine I 306–337 Incomplete; IARCH-55109B; ? 12 1 Agric, 1920
Worcs (1) Rob. 1064
2347 Attermire Camp House of 306–337 Unc/ IARCH-B3B93F; ? 21 1 Arch, 1948
(Settle), Constantine disputed; (1) Pastscape 45765
North Yorks
2348 Killanummery, Constantine I 306–337 Ruker; (2) Rob. 1056A; 5 2 7 Unknown, 1888
Co Leitrim Bateson 1972, 86
2349 Tara, Co Meath Constantine I 306–337 Ruler; (2) Rob. 1293; 15 15 Arch, 1899
Bateson 1973, 73
2350 Llangynin, House of 306–337 Incomplete; IARCH-9A214F; ? ? Unknown, 1699
Carmarthenshire Constantine (1) Rob. 1067
2351 Llangaffo (Rhosyr), House of 306–337 Issue; (2) IARCH-E8484E; 2 ? ? ? Unknown, 1829
Isle of Anglesey Constantine B&L 664
2352 Vaynor, Merthyr Constantine I 306–337 Incomplete; IARCH-983B2C; ? ? Unknown, 1944
Tydfil (2) Rob. 1051
Periods 16–17. 317–48
2353 Ashwell 1910, House of 317–341 Incomplete; IARCH-7A4550; 11 11 1 Agric, 1910
Herts Constantine (2) Rob. 1093
2354 South Cadbury, House of 317–341 Issue; (2) IARCH-61321B; ? 13 Agric, 1906
2355 Great Elm, Constantine 317–341 Incomplete; IARCH-F8D680; ? ? 1 Unknown, 1691
Somerset II (1) Rob. 1098
2356 Madeley, Constantine 317–341 Incomplete; IARCH-F2EEF9; ? ? 2 2 Agric, 1817
Staffordshire II (1) Rob. 1100
2357 York (Mount House of 317–341 Incomplete; IARCH-5D5A5F; ? 29 Other, 1818
School), City Constantine (1) Rob. 1079A
of York
2358 Cockerton, Low House of 324–348 Issue; (2) IARCH-458283; ? ? Other, 1800
Coniscliffe and Constantine Rob. 1107
Merrybent,
Teesside
2359 Brixton Deverill House of 324–341 Incomplete; IARCH-2EC233 120 120 Unknown, 1903
1903, Wilts Constantine (1)
Period 18. 348–64

2360 Water Newton House of 348–350 Issue; (4) IARCH-A3AA42; 30 30 30 2 4 Fieldwalking, 1974
1974, Cambs Constantine Rob. 1278;
B&L 52
2361 Shefford 1837, House of 348–350 Incomplete; IARCH-52565B; 2 ? ? Agric, 1837
Beds Constantine (1) Rob. 1257
2362 Trevelgue Head House of 348–350 Imitation; IARCH-2ADA1A 7 7 Arch, 1939
(Newquay) II, Constantine (3)
Cornwall
2363 Weymouth House of 348–350 Issue; (2) IARCH-C3995B; 17 17 Unknown, 1863
1863, Dorset Constantine Rob. 1258
2364 Colchester (Lion House of 348–350 Issue; (3) IARCH-9DCFFC 9 9 Arch, 1970
Walk site K), Constantine
Essex
2365 Hamble le Rice, Constans 348–350 Issue; (4) IARCH-270EAD; 1 2,493 2,494 1 Other, 1968
Hants Rob. 1262
2366 Richborough House of 348–350 Issue; (2) IARCH-250285; 6 73 73 2 Arch, 1930
(Pit 204), Kent Constantine Rob. 1263
2367 Snodland I, Kent House of 348–350 Issue; (4) IARCH-C698F7 4,634 4,634 1 Other, 2006
Constantine
2368 Weldon, House of 348–350 Issue; (2) IARCH-1358D4; 230 230 Arch, 1953
Northants Constantine Rob. 1322
CHECKLIST OF HOARDS
2369 Appleford on House of 348–350 Issue; (3) IARCH-3F99C0; 15 5,737 5,752 2 Agric, 1954
Thames, Oxon Constantine Rob. 1261
2370 Whatley Combe House of 348–350 Issue; (3) IARCH-705DB6; 5 5 Arch, 1958
Villa (Nunney), Constantine Rob. 1265
Somerset
2371 Shuttington, House of 348–350 Issue; (3) IARCH-F98D7D; 158 158 MD, 1991
Warks Constantine CHRB X
267
Table 4. Cont. 268
discovery
2372 Wilberfoss, House of 348–350 Issue; (3) IARCH-AD5D21; 4 9 13 MD, 2013
East Yorks Constantine BNJ 2014, 44
2373 Sowerby Bridge House of 348–350 Issue; (3) IARCH-3D0742; 1 1,074 1,074 Other, 1915
(Halifax), Constantine Rob. 1256
West Yorks
2374 Caernarfon House of 348–350 Issue; (3) IARCH-D9CA3C; 4 4 Gardening, 1972
(Constantine Constantine G&W 1043
Road), Gwynedd
2375 Caerwent (North House of 348–350 Incomplete; IARCH-500830; 24 24 Arch, 1970
West Corner Constantine (3) Rob. 1264
Tower),
Monmouthshire
2376 Loughor House of 348–350 Unc/ IARCH-77D873; 14 45 59 Building, 1852
(Llwchwr), Constantine disputed; (2) Rob. 1267
Swansea
2377 Preston House of 348–351 Unc/ IARCH-2808CB; 2 5 1 8 Building, 1939
(Fishergate Hill), Constantine disputed; (2) Rob. 1259
Lancs
2378 Godmanchester House of 348–355 Issue; (3) IARCH-2992DD ? ? Arch, 1981
1981, Cambs Constantine
2379 Ramsey 1890, House of 348–361 Incomplete; IARCH-9355A6; 1 9 10 1 Agric, 1890
Cambs Constantine (2) Rob. 1274
2380 Nantwich House of 348–361 Issue; (2) IARCH-37C76F; 26 26 Unknown, 1881
(Cholmondeston), Constantine Rob. 1279
Cheshire
2381 East Farleigh House of 348–361 Imitation; IARCH-8C6651; 153 153 Arch, 2010
Roman Villa, Kent Constantine (3) NC 2011
2382 Lullingstone House of 348–361 Issue; (2) IARCH-946612 1 12 13 5 Arch, 1947
Roman villa I Constantine
(Eynsford), Kent
2383 Preston (Town House of 348–361 Incomplete; IARCH-82Ebc9; 185 185 Unknown, 1975
Centre), Lancs Constantine (2) Rob. 1275
2384 Shakenoak Farm, House of 348–361 Issue; (3) IARCH-FA13BD; 15 15 Arch, 1965
North Leigh, Constantine Rob. 1271
1965, Oxon
2385 Yeovil 1916, Constantius 348–361 Issue; (3) IARCH-7DE001; 852 852 Building, 1916
Somerset II Rob. 1276

2386 Wraxall, North House of 348–361 Issue; (2) IARCH-3A5281; 4 25 1 30 Unknown, 1815
2387 Farley Heath House of 348–361 Unc/ IARCH-2115A8; 2 48 48 1 Arch, 1848
(Albury), Surrey Constantine disputed; (1) Rob. 1276A
2388 Lydney (Oldcroft) House of 348–364 Unverified; IARCH-41536C 548 548 Other, 1991
1991, Glos Constantine (2)
2389 Barbridge Magnentius 350–351 Issue; (4) IARCH-4FDE05; 27 27 4 MD, 2007
(Hurleston), NC 2008, 34
Cheshire
2390 Ravenglass, House of 350–351 Issue; (3) IARCH-C3D4AD; 3 3 Arch, 1976
Cumbria Constantine Rob. 1319
2391 Zeals (Warminster), Magnentius 350–351 Issue; (4) IARCH-6E8E53; 1,669 1,669 1 MD, 2010
Wilts NC 2011
2392 Usk (East Magnentius 350–351 Imitation; IARCH-AD9AC0; 12 12 Arch, 1970
Rampart II), (3) Rob. 1323
Monmouthshire
2393 Stow on the Magnentius 350–352 Issue; (2) IARCH-D3DB39; 5 5 Unknown, 1717
Wold, Glos Rob. 1325
2394 Cranwell, Magnentius 350–352 Incomplete; IARCH-90FE5D; 40 40 Unknown, 1940
Brauncewell and (2) Rob. 1328
Byard’s Leap,
Lincs
2395 West Wycombe Magnentius 350–353 Issue; (3) IARCH-5DA017; 30 1 31 MD, 2005
II, Bucks NC 2006, 27
2396 Stanground, Magnentius 350–353 Incomplete; IARCH-37EB68; 15 15 Unknown, 1970
Cambs, (1) Rob. 1327
Peterborough
2397 Blackey Tor House of 350–353 Issue; (3) IARCH-A19E9E; 3 1 4 Other, 1863
(Walkhampton), Constantine Rob. 1347
Devon
2398 Pleshey 1773, Magnentius 350–353 Issue; (2) IARCH-6DE4D1; 24 24 Unknown, 1773
Essex or Decentius Rob. 1348
2399 Hanham, House of 350–353 Incomplete; IARCH-27EFFC; 1 199 200 Building, 1951
South Glos Constantine (2) Rob. 1324
2400 Ashwell 1934, Magnentius 350–353 Incomplete; IARCH-3F6624; 13 13 Agric, 1934
Herts (1) Rob. 1326A
2401 Snodland II, Kent Magnentius 350–353 Issue; (4) IARCH-3154BE 16 16 Arch, 2008
2402 Hockwold cum House of 350–353 Imitation; IARCH-D810DE; 2 814 816 MD, 1999
Wilton 4, Norfolk Constantine (4) NC 2001, 39
2403 Swanton Morley, Magnentius 350–353 Issue; (4) IARCH-4AF4FA; 24 24 MD, 2008
Norfolk NC 2010
2404 Woodeaton 1874 Magnentius 350–353 Issue; (2) IARCH-AF5A52; 2 258 260 Agric, 1874
(Islip), Oxon Rob. 1354
2405 Axbridge, Magnentius 350–353 Issue; (2) IARCH-4FA970; 10 10 Unknown, 1748
Somerset Rob. 1332
2406 Congresbury, Magnentius 350–353 Issue; (2) IARCH-7C0DB9 133 133 1 Agric, 1830
North Somerset
CHECKLIST OF HOARDS
2407 Gatcombe II Decentius 350–353 Issue; (4) IARCH-CFF81C; 9 9 Arch, 1965

(Long Ashton), Rob. 1248A
North Somerset
2408 Weybridge 1912 Magnentius 350–353 Issue; (2) IARCH-E5A369; 1 8 9 1 Building, 1912
(St George’s Hill), Rob. 1334
Surrey
269
Table 4. Cont. 270
discovery
2409 South Shields House of 350–353 Issue; (2) IARCH-9063D5; 19 19 Arch, 1874
1874c (Beacon Constantine Rob. 1342
and Bents), Tyne
and Wear
2410 Heslington 2008, Magnentius 350–353 Issue; (3) IARCH-8B05C4; 8 8 1 Arch, 2008
City of York NC 2011
2411 Healaugh 2000, Magnentius 350–353 Issue; (2) IARCH-6646EB; 176 176 MD, 2000
North Yorks TAR 2000, 260
2412 Skellow 1936 Magnentius 350–353 Issue; (3) IARCH-CB5631; 19 19 Unknown, 1936
(Askern Spa), Rob. 1352
South Yorks
2413 Uncertain 7, Magnentius 350–353 Incomplete; IARCH-236148; 2 72 72 Unknown, 1914
Uncertain (2) Rob. 1339
2414 Balgreggan, Decentius 350–353 Ruler; (3) Rob. 1345 119 119 Unknown, 1913
Stoneykirk,
Dumfries and
Galloway
2415 West Wycombe House of 350–354 Imitation; IARCH-51CDB9; 87 87 1 MD, 1980
III, Bucks Constantine (3) Rob. 1317
2416 Covesea, Moray Constantius 350–354 Ruler; (3) Rob. 1359 230 230 some Unknown, 1929
Gallus
2417 Thetford 1958, House of 350–360 Issue; (2) IARCH-D6F012; 6 6 Unknown, 1958
2418 Ipswich (Castle House of 350–360 Unverified; IARCH-27F6B1 4 80 84 Arch, 1989
Hill), Suffolk Constantine (2)
2419 Lackford 1979, House of 350–360 Incomplete; IARCH-440E79; 271 271 1 MD, 1979
Suffolk Constantine (2) Rob. 1306
2420 Wokingham House of 350–361 Issue; (2) IARCH-C66A10; 1,000 1,000 1 Agric, 1817
1970, Berks Constantine Rob. 1341
2421 Duston 1860, House of 350–361 Unc/ IARCH-694371; 34 86 120 Unknown, 1860
Northants Constantine disputed; (2) Rob. 1329
2422 Heddon on the House of 350–361 Incomplete; IARCH-6BF329; 3,000 3,000 2 Building, 1752
Wall 1752, Constantine (1) Rob. 1350
Northumberland
2423 Vindolanda 1833, House of 350–361 Issue; (2) IARCH-385F84; 300 300 Other, 1833
Northumberland Constantine Rob. 1330
2424 Worksop East, House of 350–361 Unverified; IARCH-EC4FB1; 940 940 1 Agric, 1835
Notts Constantine (1) Rob. 1302
2425 York (All Saints House of 350–361 Issue; (2) IARCH-2EA72B; 7 7 Unknown, 1860
Church), Constantine Rob. 1322A
City of York
2426 Chesters Roman Uncertain – 350–364 Issue; (2) IARCH-E13BF5 5 1 6 5 Arch, 1933
Villa (Woolaston), 4th century
Glos
2427 Rowlands Hill, House of 350–364 Incomplete; IARCH-AC4E1E; 17 17 Unknown, 1926
Hants Constantine (2) Rob. 1326
2428 Winchester (The House of 350–364 Unverified; IARCH-E318E5 ? ? Arch, 1987
Brooks II), Hants Constantine (1)
2429 Lullingstone House of 350–364 Unverified; IARCH-947C8A 31 31 Arch, 1947
Roman villa II Constantine (2)
(Eynsford), Kent
2430 Croydon (Dees Magnentius 351–352 Issue; (4) IARCH-F6F6E8; 58 58 Arch, 1993
Garage), Greater NC 1996, 121;
London CHRB X
2431 Boxley Warren, Magnentius 351–352 Issue; (3) IARCH-26EDA6; 74 74 MD, 1983
Kent Rob. 1343
2432 Blaise Castle Magnentius 351–353 Imitation; IARCH-DD946A; 55 55 Gardening, 1819
(Henbury), Bristol (3) Rob. 1350A
2433 Blandford St. Mary, Magnentius/ 351–353 Ruler; (2) DOR–B63A51; 30 30 MD, 2015
Dorset Decentius BNJ 2016, 84
2434 Hemel Hempstead Magnentius 351–353 Issue; (3) IARCH-9A209C; 10 163 173 37 Arch, 1963
(Gadebridge Park) Rob. 1321
1963, Herts
2435 Clifton, Lancs Magnentius 351–353 Issue; (3) IARCH-3B46FF; 16 16 1 MD, 2014
BNJ 2015, 41
2436 Saltersford (Little Magnentius 351–353 Poor cond; IARCH-C9F95F; 13 13 Unknown, 1978
Ponton and (2) Rob. 1344
Stroxton), Lincs
2437 Thistleton Dyer Magnentius 351–353 Issue; (2) IARCH-A27154; 6 6 Arch, 1957
(Market Overton), Rob. 1331
Rutland
2438 St Just in Roseland, House of 351–354 Incomplete; IARCH-42E8DE; 35 35 1 Building, 1944
2439 Kingscote 1975, House of 351–360 Imitation; IARCH-832159 21 55 76 Arch, 1975
Glos Constantine (2)
2440 Besthorpe Constantius 351–361 Imitation; IARCH-FB755C; 1,347 1,347 1 Other, 1964
(Meering), Notts Gallus (3) Rob. 1358
2441 Nettleton (Shrine House of 351–364 Imitation; IARCH-609FAE; 54 54 Arch, 1960
Of Apollo) A, Constantine (3) Rob. 1338a
Wilts
2442 Piercebridge (Fort Constantius 352–355 Issue; (4) IARCH-4FB7C6 2 ? 2 Arch, 1980
F1321), Teesside II
CHECKLIST OF HOARDS
2443 Foleshill (Longford), Magnentius 353 Incomplete; IARCH-2045EE; 1,800 1,800 2 Agric, 1792
West Midlands (2) Rob. 1335
2444 Easterton 1866, Magnentius 353 Incomplete; IARCH-194E54; 90 90 1 1 Unknown, 1866
Wilts (2) Rob. 1337
2445 Uncertain 5, Magnentius 353 Issue; (3) IARCH-6DDF19; 2 22 22 Unknown, 1900
Uncertain Rob. 1340
271
Table 4. Cont. 272
discovery
2446 Yardley, Constantius 353–354 Incomplete; IARCH-CDC20A; 62 62 Building, 1935

West Midlands II (2) Rob. 1336
2447 Womersley 2011 Constantius 353–354 Issue; (4) IARCH-91D8BD; 445 445 23 MD, 2011
(Cridling Stubbs), II BNJ 2012, 40
North Yorks
2448 Wokingham 1879, House of 353–355 Issue; (4) IARCH-E6B15C; 1,613 1,613 1 1 Other, 1970
Berks Constantine Rob. 1346;
CHRB IX
2449 Cold Brayfield, Constantius 353–355 Issue; (4) IARCH-FBE268 1,458 1,458 1 1 MD, 2006
Bucks, Milton II
Keynes
2450 Sibson cum Constantius 353–355 Issue; (4) IARCH-9CD241; 214 214 MD, 2011
Stibbington, II BNJ 2012, 41
Cambs
2451 Wix (Tendring House of 353–355 Issue; (3) IARCH-F7FE1E; 18 18 MD, 2009
district), Essex Constantine NC 2010;
BNJ 2012, 39
2452 Claverley House of 353–355 Issue; (4) IARCH-65B7BF; 1 2,890 2,891 1 1 MD, 2007
(Bridgnorth area) Constantine NC 2010.
2007, Salop
2453 Wilden, Beds Constantius 353–356 Issue; (4) IARCH-398297; 84 84 MD, 2005
II TAR 2005–6, 1126
2454 Haxby B, Constantius 353–356 Issue; (4) IARCH-9D1D6C; 1 402 403 1 MD, 1993
City of York II CHRB X
2455 London Wall Constantius 353–361 Incomplete; IARCH-11E72D; 2 ? 2 1 Unknown, 1855
(City of London), II (2) Rob. 1118
Greater London
(City)
2456 Stretton Sugwas, House of 353–361 Incomplete; IARCH-2762EC; 125 125 Unknown, 1950
Herefs Constantine (2) Rob. 1750
2457 Cobham, Kent House of 353–361 Issue; (3) IARCH-F7B1C3; 836 836 1 Agric, 1883
2458 Richborough House of 353–361 Imitation; IARCH-E3C13F; 558 317 317 1 Arch, 1931
1931a, Kent Constantine (3) Rob. 1312
2459 Merriott, Somerset Constantius 353–361 Imitation; SOM–0870A5; 7 122 129 3 MD, 2015
II (3) BNJ 2016, 85
2460 Shipham, House of 353–361 Imitation; IARCH-ECDAB1; 860 860 1 Building, 1986
Somerset Constantine (4) Rob. 1305;
CHRB IX
2461 Freckenham House of 353–361 Imitation; IARCH-C9D277; 542 542 1 Agric, 1948
1948, Suffolk Constantine (3) Rob. 1361
2462 Cowlam (Cottam), House of 353–361 Incomplete; IARCH-E65A2C; 4 9,522 9,526 1 Agric, 1858
2463 Doncaster House of 353–361 Incomplete; IARCH-F554A5 55 55 Unknown, 1986
(Town Fields), Constantine (2)
South Yorks
2464 Sleaford 1984 House of 353–364 Imitation; IARCH-995810 500 500 Arch, 1984
(Old Place), Lincs Constantine (2)
2465 Wheaton Aston Constantius 354 Issue; (4) IARCH-70A8CB; 495 495 MD, 1989
(Lapley, Stretton II CHRB X;
and Wheaton BNJ 2013, 69
Aston),
Staffordshire
2466 Coleshill, Warks House of 354–361 Imitation; IARCH-EF6664; 3,237 3,237 1 Building, 1939
Constantine (4) Rob. 1351;
CHRB IX
2467 Drayton, Oxon Julian 354–364 Issue; (2) IARCH-B3CEF2; ? ? Unknown, 1790
Rob. 1369
2468 Boston Castle House of 355–360 Incomplete; IARCH-69054F; 16 16 Building, 1928
(Rotherham), Constantine (2) Rob. 1364
South Yorks
2469 Little Brickhill House of 355–361 Incomplete; IARCH-42BD03; 650 650 1 1 Arch, 1962
1962, Bucks, Constantine (2) Rob. 1272
Milton Keynes
2470 Cambridge House of 355–361 Imitation; IARCH-869F9C; 17 17 2 1 Arch, 1953
(Arbury), Cambs Constantine (3) Rob. 1318
2471 Great Staughton 1, House of 355–361 Imitation; IARCH-81B862 ? ? Arch, 1950
Cambs Constantine (2)
2472 Poundbury Camp House of 355–361 Incomplete; IARCH-632AFA; 120 120 Other, 1940
(Dorchester), Constantine (2) Rob. 1355
Dorset
2473 Colchester (Butt House of 355–361 Imitation; IARCH-D72AED 6 6 Arch, 1976
Road), Essex Constantine (3)
2474 Colchester 1870, House of 355–361 Imitation; IARCH-6E39F2; 31 9 40 Unknown, 1870
Essex Constantine (3) Rob. 1309
2475 West Bergholt or House of 355–361 Imitation; IARCH-9CF969 21 21 Unknown, 1965
Great Horkesley Constantine (3) Rob. 1310 = 1628
1965, Essex
2476 Lower Slaughter House of 355–361 Unc/ IARCH-74A6A7; 1 1,500 1,501 1 1 Unknown, 1881
(Bourton) 1881, Constantine disputed; (2)
Glos
2477 Lydney Park House of 355–361 Imitation; IARCH-910664; 2 113 1 116 Arch, 1928
1928b, Glos Constantine (2) Rob. 1356
2478 Lydney Park House of 355–361 Imitation; IARCH-E8C9B4; 1,646 1,646 Arch, 1929
CHECKLIST OF HOARDS
1929, Glos Constantine (2) Rob. 1311

2479 Croydon House of 355–361 Incomplete; IARCH-8F53EC; 3,600 3,600 2 Building, 1903
(Fairfield) 1903, Constantine (2) Rob. 1362
Greater London
2480 Hillingdon House of 355–361 Imitation; IARCH-78C7F4 7 7 Arch, 1997
(Heathrow Villages), Constantine (3)
Greater London
273
Table 4. Cont. 274
discovery
2481 Coopers Row, House of 355–361 Imitation; IARCH-4FA4D8; 134 134 1 Arch, 1989
Tower (City of Constantine (3) NC 2010.
London), Greater
London (City)
2482 Silchester House of 355–361 Imitation; IARCH-A00055; 1 6 7 Arch, 1961
(Church?), Hants Constantine (3) Rob. 1273
2483 Silchester (Insula I), House of 355–361 Imitation; IARCH-2CC41A; 1 17 18 1 Arch, 1891
Hants Constantine (3) Rob. 1268
2484 Winchester House of 355–361 Imitation; IARCH-AE8E45; 20 20 Arch, 1963
(St Michael) Constantine (2) Rob. 1320
1963b, Hants
2485 Canterbury House of 355–361 Imitation; IARCH-89CF69 1 90 91 Arch, 2007
(Augustine House), Constantine (3)
Kent
2486 Chalk, Kent House of 355–361 Imitation; IARCH-D98A8B; 6 113 119 Arch, 1961
2487 Welbourn Constantius 355–361 Issue; (3) IARCH-BD2286; 412 412 1 MD, 1998
(Wellingore), Lincs II NC 2000, 36.
2488 Wellingore, Lincs Constantius 355–361 Imitation; IARCH-1bc8A3; 20 20 MD, 2004
II (2) NC 2005, 47.
2489 Uncertain 1997, House of 355–361 Imitation; IARCH-290F5C 10 10 Unknown, 1997
Norfolk Constantine (2)
2490 Duston 1934, House of 355–361 Imitation; IARCH-289965; 12 12 Unknown, 1934
Northants Constantine (3) Rob. 1313
2491 Higham Ferrers, House of 355–361 Imitation; IARCH-EC0F08; 8 120 1 129 Arch, 1960
Northants Constantine (2) Rob. 1270
2492 North Leigh House of 355–361 Imitation; IARCH-C5F396; 164 164 113 1 Arch, 1977
Roman Villa, Constantine (4) Rob. 1314
Oxon
2493 Great Casterton, House of 355–361 Imitation; IARCH-1D9E20; 327 327 Arch, 1950
Rutland Constantine (2) Rob. 1315
2494 Wroxeter House of 355–361 Imitation; IARCH-97743A; 58 58 Arch, 1983
(Palaestra), Salop Constantine (3) Rob. 1281A;
CHRB IX
2495 Orford Ness, House of 355–361 Incomplete; IARCH-DA8DBA; 3,000 3,000 1 Other, 1936
Suffolk Constantine (1) Rob. 1333
2496 Cobham 1931, House of 355–361 Imitation; IARCH-3D7B42; 4 4 Other, 1931

Surrey Constantine (4) Rob. 1277
2497 Tickhill 2012, House of 355–361 Imitation; IARCH-7B5577; 1 46 1 48 2 1 MD, 2012
South Yorks Constantine (4) BNJ 2014, 46
2498 Dinorben 1982, House of 355–361 Imitation; IARCH-8BD2F5; 2 49 51 Unknown, 1982
2499 Bancroft Roman House of 355–363 Imitation; IARCH-8D9D69 ? ? Arch, 1984
Villa (Stantonbury) Constantine (3)
4, Bucks, Milton
Keynes
2500 Cirencester Julian 355–363 Incomplete; IARCH-526487; ? ? ? Unknown, 1724
(Tarbarrow), (1) Rob. 1370;
Glos B&L 209
2501 Lydney House of 355–363 Imitation; IARCH-788B6E; 3 2 3,255 3,260 6 1 Unknown, 1970
(Oldcroft) 1970, Constantine (3) Rob. 1365
Glos
2502 Park Street House of 355–363 Issue; (3) IARCH-44BA57; 1 16 17 1 Arch, 1942
Roman Villa (St Constantine Rob. 1269
Stephen), Herts
2503 Canterbury Unspecified 355–363 Imitation; IARCH-B0A34E; 261 261 Arch, 1947
(St George’s St Bath ruler (2) Rob. 1493
Building), Kent (contemporary
copy)
2504 Richborough (SW House of 355–363 Imitation; IARCH-45CFD0; 15 1,206 1,221 Arch, 1931
Angle Of Saxon Constantine (2) Rob. 1632
Shore Fort), Kent
2505 Hemingby Constantius 355–363 Issue; (4) IARCH-5E7E87; 41 41 1 MD, 2009
(Horncastle), II NC 2011
Lincs
2506 Heslington 1966, House of 355–363 Issue; (3) IARCH-35AE4E; 2 2,860 2,862 1 Building, 1966
City of York Constantine Rob. 1366
2507 Frocester Court House of 355–364 Imitation; IARCH-82C8E6 4 4 Arch, 1961
Roman Villa 4, Constantine (1)
Glos
2508 Wotton Cemetery, House of 355–364 Issue; (3) IARCH-32F0BE 10 10 2 1 Arch, 2002
Kingsholm and Constantine
Wotton, Glos
2509 Winchester House of 355–364 Imitation; IARCH-E40583 52 52 Arch, 1972
(Victoria Road), Constantine (3)
Hants
2510 Uncertain House of 355–364 Incomplete; IARCH-BBD5CF ? ? 1 Unknown, 1990
(‘Bernicia’), Constantine (1)
Northumberland
2511 Cunetio 1960 House of 355–364 Imitation; IARCH-32B390 2 32 34 Arch, 1960
(Mildenhall), Constantine (3)
Wilts
2512 Whitesands Bay House of 355–364 Imitation; IARCH-C6F533; 112 112 Unknown, 1983
CHECKLIST OF HOARDS
(St David’s), Constantine (3) G&W 765

Pembrokeshire
2513 Winchester Julian 360–363 Issue; (3) IARCH-92A1F4 5 1 6 Arch, 2000
(Hyde Street),
Hants
2514 Willersey, Glos Julian 361–363 Issue; (3) IARCH-A4A7A2; 55 ? 55 1 1 Building, 1968
Rob. 1367
275
Table 4. Cont. 276
discovery
2515 Southsea, Hants Julian 361–363 Issue; (3) IARCH-42B6B3; 926 ? 926 1 Agric, 1897
Rob. 1368
2516 Kingsdon, Jovian 363–364 Imitation; IARCH-CFB77D; 2 ? 2 MD, 2014
Somerset (4) BNJ 2015, 42
Periods 15–18. 296–364

2517 Bath (Bathwick House of 306–361 Incomplete; IARCH-1E8392; ? ? 1 Building, 1826
Street Bridge), Constantine (1) Rob. 1042
Bath and North
East Somerset
2518 Kensworth House of 306–361 Incomplete; IARCH-2BD3C0; ? ? 2 1 Other, 1769
(Dunstable), Beds Constantine (1) Rob. 1027
2519 Benham Valence House of 306–361 Incomplete; IARCH-815B38 ? ? 1 Other, 1940
(Speen), Berks Constantine (1)
2520 Compton 1860, House of 306–361 Incomplete; IARCH-D109F6; ? 500 1 Unknown, 1860
Berks Constantine (1) Rob. 1057
2521 Streatley 1932, House of 306–361 Incomplete; IARCH-5723F6; ? ? Unknown, 1932
Berks Constantine (1) Rob. 1294
2522 Great Staughton 2, House of 306–361 Incomplete; IARCH-BB4CE8; ? ? Arch, 1950
Cambs Constantine (2) Pastscape 363484
2523 Chester 1899, House of 306–361 Incomplete; IARCH-CD9DCD; ? ? 1 Building, 1899
Cheshire Constantine (1) Rob. 1032
2524 Camborne, House of 306–361 Incomplete; IARCH-E0ABF8; ? ? 1 Other, 1906
2525 Stalbridge, Dorset House of 306–361 Incomplete; IARCH-0D92B3 ? 1,000 1 Other, 1869
Constantine (1)
2526 Tarrant Hinton, House of 306–361 Incomplete; IARCH-DFBB0F; ? ? 1 Other, 1866
Dorset Constantine (1) Rob. 1112
2527 Alresford, Essex House of 306–361 Incomplete; IARCH-ED76E2; ? 100 1 MD, 2000
Constantine (1) HER 48108
2528 Colchester 1849, House of 306–361 Imitation; IARCH-4E9608; ? ? 1 Unknown, 1849
Essex Constantine (1) Rob. 1058
2529 Frocester Court House of 306–361 Unc/ IARCH-82B0B3 ? ? 2 Arch, 1961
Roman Villa 2, Constantine disputed; (2)
Glos
2530 Southwark House of 306–361 Incomplete; IARCH-64F196; ? ? 2 Building, 1897
(Union Road), Constantine (1) Rob. 1039

Greater London
2531 Lombard Street House of 306–361 Incomplete; IARCH-6E6695; ? 300 Building, 1785
(City of London), Constantine (1) Rob. 1038
Greater London
(City)
2532 Broughton, Hants House of 306–361 Incomplete; IARCH-DF5bcA; ? ? Unknown, 1915
2533 Winchester House of 306–361 Incomplete; IARCH-99DF17; ? ? Building, 1683
(St Michael) Constantine (1) Rob. 1059
1683, Hants
2534 Brighstone 2013, House of 306–361 Incomplete; IARCH-0C0B44 ? 60 Agric, 1900
Isle of Wight Constantine (1)
2535 Canterbury House of 306–361 Incomplete; IARCH-42B7D4; ? 19 Arch, 1949
(Westgate) 2, Kent Constantine (1) Rob. 1037
2536 Chilham, Kent House of 306–361 Incomplete; IARCH-49E32C; ? ? 1 Other, 1800
2537 Sleaford 1724, House of 306–361 Incomplete; IARCH-EA5C08; ? ? Unknown, 1724
Lincs Constantine (1) Rob. 1297
2538 Hooton House of 306–361 Incomplete; IARCH-3332B5; ? ? 1 Building, 1889
(Bebington), Constantine (1) Rob. 1295
Merseyside
2539 North Creake House of 306–361 Incomplete; IARCH-5BDA0A; ? 1,100 2 Other, 1799
1799, Norfolk Constantine (1) Rob. 1040
2540 Chard, Somerset House of 306–361 Incomplete; IARCH-FDAAA7; ? 300 Agric, 1836
2541 Cheddar (Paper House of 306–361 Incomplete; IARCH-C9951A; ? ? Other, 1840
Mills), Somerset Constantine (1) Rob. 1298
2542 Nailsea, North House of 306–361 Incomplete; IARCH-2BFC3C; ? ? 3 Unknown, 1789
2543 Patching 1744 House of 306–361 Incomplete; IARCH-D22AFF; ? ? 1 Unknown, 1744
(Arundel), Constantine (1) Rob. 1288
West Sussex
2544 Thornton (High House of 306–361 Incomplete; IARCH-90BF81; ? ? 1 Agric, 1787
Coniscliffe), Constantine (1) Rob. 1300
Teesside
2545 Kineton, Warks House of 306–361 Incomplete; IARCH-23EFCF; ? ? Unknown, 1857
2546 Southam, Warks House of 306–361 Incomplete; IARCH-C95553; ? 15 Unknown, 1977
2547 Hayton, House of 306–361 Incomplete; IARCH-E0F6E1 ? ? Arch, 1995
East Yorks Constantine (1)
2548 Auckley, House of 306–361 Incomplete; IARCH-EA215B; ? 20 1 Unknown, 1746
South Yorks Constantine (1) Rob. 1065
2549 Guilthwaite House of 306–361 Incomplete; IARCH-4DBB9D; ? 1,600 1 Agric, 1826
Common Constantine (1) Rob. 1701
(Whiston),
CHECKLIST OF HOARDS
South Yorks
2550 Llandeilo Castle, House of 306–361 Incomplete; IARCH-3C286E; ? ? Unknown, 1850
Carmarthenshire Constantine (1) Rob. 1301
2551 Llanegwad, House of 306–361 Unc/ IARCH-5DCEDD; ? ? 1 Unknown, 1860
Carmarthenshire Constantine disputed; (1) Rob. 1052
277
Table 4. Cont. 278
discovery
2552 Llanfihangel din House of 306–361 Incomplete; IARCH-7A4840; ? ? Unknown, 1831

Sylwy (Bwrdd Constantine (1) Rob. 1884
Arthur) 1831,
Isle of Anglesey
Periods 16–18. 317–64

2553 Isleham 1941, House of 317–361 Incomplete; IARCH-A34EC9; ? ? Unknown, 1941
2554 Over, Cambs House of 317–361 Incomplete; IARCH-3C05C8; ? ? 1 Unknown, 1883
2555 Morvah 1863, House of 317–361 Incomplete; IARCH-91955A; ? ? 2 Other, 1863
2556 Uley 1, Glos House of 317–361 Incomplete; IARCH-A5CDD0; ? ? Other, 1820
2557 Gogarth Abbey House of 317–361 Incomplete; IARCH-FED56F; ? ? Unknown, 1920
(Llandudno), Constantine (1) Rob. 1292
Conwy
2558 Southbourne, Constantius 323–361 Unc/ IARCH-2E1B5D; ? ? 1 Unknown, 1913
Dorset II disputed; (2)
de J 44
2559 Aston Ingham, House of 323–361 Incomplete; IARCH-294E48; ? 200 2 Agric, 1855
Herefs Constantine (1) Rob. 1108
2560 Langcliffe (Settle), Constantius 323–361 Issue; (2) IARCH-C19bc4; ? ? Other, 1830
North Yorks II Rob. 1079
2561 Stanley and House of 323–361 Incomplete; IARCH-1A2533; ? 5,000 1 Agric, 1812
Outwood East Constantine (1) Rob. 1117
1812 (Wakefield),
West Yorks
2562 Collingham, House of 324–361 Poor cond; IARCH-DBE989; ? 11 MD, 2008
Notts Constantine (2) NC 2010
2563 Newton Kyme, House of 324–361 Incomplete; IARCH-F5BBD8; ? ? Agric, 1690
North Yorks Constantine (1) Rob. 1109
2564 Ilchester 1633, House of 328–361 Incomplete; IARCH-D7A3D1; ? ? Agric, 1633
Periods 17–18. 330–64

2565 Chatteris 1824, House of 330–350 Incomplete; IARCH-EA504E; ? 1,000 1 Agric, 1824

2566 Rowler Manor House of 330–361 Issue; (2) IARCH-C14685 ? 14 Arch, 2002
Roman villa Constantine
(Croughton) 2,
Northants
2567 Colchester Constans 333–350 Incomplete; IARCH-2C188D; ? ? 1 Unknown, 1846
1846, Essex (1) Rob. 1167
2568 Leafield 1820, Constans 333–350 Accumu- IARCH-19A691; ? 1 Other, 1820
Oxon lation; (1) Rob. 1173
2569 Exeter (St Thomas) House of 333–361 Incomplete; IARCH-9bcE88; 30 30 Unknown, 1891
II, Devon Constantine (1) Rob. 1166
2570 Lullingstone House of 333–361 Unverified; IARCH-9523F7 20 20 10 Arch, 1947
Roman villa V Constantine (2)
(Eynsford), Kent
2571 Pembroke (Castle), House of 333–361 Incomplete; IARCH-3E269D; ? ? 1 Other, 1888
Pembrokeshire Constantine (2) Rob. 1179
2572 White Woman’s House of 335–361 Imitation; IARCH-FC5878; 98 47 145 228 Arch, 1965
Hole (Wanstrow), Constantine (3) Rob. 1308
Somerset
2573 Landbeach, House of 337–361 Issue; (3) IARCH-33BFE7 ? 74 1 Arch, 2007
Cambs Constantine
2574 Bishops Waltham House of 337–361 Incomplete; IARCH-58E022; ? ? 1 Unknown, 1830
1830, Hants Constantine (1) Rob. 1746;
(?) B&L 232
2575 Reculver 1927, House of 337–361 Incomplete; IARCH-537DAF; 14 14 Other, 1727
Kent Constantine (2) Rob. 1280
2576 Pembroke Dock House of 337–361 Issue; (2) IARCH-F33964; ? Gardening, 1938
(Military Road), Constantine Rob. 1282
Pembrokeshire
2577 Kingston upon House of 337–364 Accumu- IARCH-CA989C; 350 350 Arch, 1989
Thames (Grove), Constantine lation; (2) Rob. 1579
Greater London
Period 19. 364–78

2578 Aldworth 1987, House of 364–367 Issue; (4) IARCH-7B33BD; 30 ? MD, 1987
Berks Valentinian Rob. 1378A
2579 St Agnes (Beacon), Valentinian I 364–367 Issue; (4) IARCH-63889E; 2 ? 2 Agric, 1684
Cornwall B&L 80
2580 Owslebury House of 364–367 Issue; (4) IARCH-49F7D6; 7 7 MD, 1990
(Winchester area) Valentinian NC 2007, 47.
2, Hants
2581 Burton and Valens 364–367 Issue; (4) IARCH-7C79DF; 1 1 5 2 Other, 1863
Dalby, Melton Rob. 1397;
Mowbray, Leics B&L 359 3
2582 Grimston 2015a Valens 364–367 Issue; (4) BNJ 2017 8 128 136 MD, 2015
(West Norfolk),
Norfolk
2583 West Bagborough, House of 364–367 Issue; (4) IARCH-39DCDF; 681 681 73 MD, 2001
CHECKLIST OF HOARDS
Somerset Valentinian NC 2002, 26.

2584 Sutton 1870b, Valens 364–367 Incomplete; IARCH-2EF5B3; 5 6 11 2 Unknown, 1870
2585 Bredon B, Worcs Valentinian I 364–367 Issue; (4) IARCH-3bc96B; 2 ? MD, 2006
NC 2007, 48.
279
Table 4. Cont. 280
discovery
2586 Chew Stoke 1957 House of 364–375 Issue; (2) IARCH-3BB828; 2 11 13 Arch, 1957
(Pagan’s Hill), Valentinian Rob. 1453
Bath and North
East Somerset
2587 Kelston, Bath House of 364–375 Issue; (2) IARCH-40B7DE; 2 2 Unknown, 1676
and North Valentinian Rob. 1375
East Somerset
2588 Fleet Marston House of 364–375 Incomplete; IARCH-706829; 1 452 453 Agric, 1937
(Aylesbury), Bucks Valentinian (2) Rob. 1455
2589 Distington, House of 364–375 Issue; (2) IARCH-8103B3 7 60 67 1 Gardening, 2001
Cumbria Valentinian
2590 Lydney Park Valentinian I 364–375 Issue; (2) IARCH-8209E2 2 2 Arch, 1928
1928a, Glos
2591 Tewkesbury, Glos Valentinian I 364–375 Incomplete; IARCH-A76B0F; 8 8 Unknown, 1833
(2) Rob. 1372;
B&L 210
2592 Kingsclere, Hants House of 364–375 Incomplete; IARCH-61E20C; ? Unknown, 1912
Valentinian (1) Rob. 1393
2593 Welney 1953a, Valentinian I 364–375 Issue; (2) IARCH-8AF572; ? 1 Arch, 1953
Norfolk Rob. 1374
2594 Calstone (Calne), House of 364–375 Issue; (2) IARCH-726FEF 3 3 MD, 1986
Wilts Valentinian
2595 Chitterne 1968, Valentinian I 364–375 Unverified; IARCH-3E137D 26 26 2 Unknown, 1968
Wilts (1)
2596 Hamshill Ditches Valentinian I 364–375 Issue; (2) IARCH-43bcC9; 9 9 1 Unknown, 1951
(Barford St Rob. 1376
Martin), Wilts
2597 Abergele II, House of 364–375 Issue; (2) IARCH-4C74C3; 25 30 1 56 Unknown, 1842
Conwy Valentinian Rob. 1405
2598 Amersham, Bucks House of 364–378 Incomplete; IARCH-765889; 1,500 1,500 1 MD, 1984
Valentinian (1) CHRB X
2599 Cambridge House of 364–378 Issue; (4) IARCH-9ED1C8; 1 17 18 Unknown, 1919
(Greville Road, Valentinian Rob. 1408
Romsey Town),
Cambs
2600 Castor, Cambs, Valentinian II 364–378 Unverified; IARCH-B759C7 50 50 Building, 1989
Peterborough (1)
2601 Chester (Pepper House of 364–378 Incomplete; IARCH-FA9B03; 10 10 1 Unknown, 1916
Street), Cheshire Valentinian (2) Rob. 1390
2602 Tarvin, Cheshire House of 364–378 Issue; (2) LVPL–4B8ED8; 13 13 MD, 2015
Valentinian BNJ 2017
2603 Denbury and House of 364–378 Issue; (3) IARCH-928E3A; 243 243 MD, 2007
Torbryan, Devon Valentinian NC 2008, 36.
2604 Dorchester (Old House of 364–378 Issue; (2) IARCH-B285E2 20 20 Arch, 1982
Methodist Chapel), Valentinian
Dorset
2605 Horton, Dorset House of 364–378 Accumu- IARCH-E36454; 17 110 12 139 12 Other, 1875
Valentinian lation; (2) Rob. 1392
2606 Great Chesterford House of 364–378 Incomplete; IARCH-8BBED6; 18 18 Arch, 1978
1978, Essex Valentinian (1) Rob. 1378
2607 High Easter, Essex House of 364–378 Issue; (2) IARCH-28D252; 13 13 MD, 2008
Valentinian NC 2009, 43.
2608 Claydon Pike House of 364–378 Unverified; IARCH-82DB68 27 27 Arch, 1979
(Lechlade) 1979, Valentinian (2)
Glos
2609 Lydney Park House of 364–378 Issue; (2) IARCH-7C123B; 1,296 1,296 Unknown, 1939
(Bledisloe Coll.) Valentinian Rob. 1451
2, Glos
2610 Witcombe House of 364–378 Issue; (2) IARCH-4DC457; 8 8 Arch, 1938
Roman Villa, Valentinian Rob. 1381
Great Witcombe,
Glos
2611 Manchester (Knott Valens 364–378 Issue; (2) IARCH-F9BB57; 1 1,663 1 1,665 Building, 1852
Mill), Greater Rob. 1396
Manchester
2612 Sale Moor, Greater House of 364–378 Unc/ IARCH-619A32; 15 29 2 46 Building, 1907
Manchester Valentinian disputed; (2) Rob. 1380
2613 Neatham House of 364–378 Issue; (2) IARCH-73A0DC; 196 196 Arch, 1976
(Alton), Hants Valentinian Rob. 1435 = 1371
2614 Silchester House of 364–378 Issue; (2) IARCH-1732CA; 4 35 39 Arch, 1868
(Forum), Hants Valentinian Rob. 1452
2615 Shorwell I House of 364–378 Issue; (2) IARCH-F51566; 20 2 22 5 Other, 1932
(Brighstone), Valentinian Rob. 1382
Isle of Wight
2616 Springhead House of 364–378 Unverified; IARCH-983F33 57 57 Arch, 2000
(Ditch 3321), Valentinian (2)
Kent
2617 North Thoresby, House of 364–378 Unc/ IARCH-12CCC8; 10 15 25 Gardening, 1900
Lincs Valentinian disputed; (2) Rob. 1377
2618 Liverpool House of 364–378 Imitation; IARCH-A89EC7; 2 10 12 Gardening, 1863
(Otterspool 1), Valentinian (1) Rob. 1634
Merseyside
2619 Hethersett, Valens 364–378 Ruler; (2) NMS–A2B259 2 2 MD, 2015
Norfolk
CHECKLIST OF HOARDS
2620 Tittleshall, House of 364–378 Ruler; (2) NMS–E9C30B 1 1 28 MD, 2015

Norfolk Valentinian
2621 Caldecote House of 364–378 Issue; (3) IARCH-F53970; 54 54 MD, 2006
(Towcester), Valentinian NC 2007, 49.
Northants
281
Table 4. Cont. 282
discovery
2622 Wootton Fields House of 364–378 Incomplete; IARCH-FABFAC 38 38 4 Arch, 2002

Villa, Northants Valentinian (3)
2623 Wantage 1850, Valens 364–378 Incomplete; IARCH-786FEE; 2 2 1 1 Unknown, 1850
Oxon (2) Rob. 1389
2624 Wroxeter Valens 364–378 Issue; (2) IARCH-820D4F; 4 1 127 132 1 Other, 1859
(Hypocaust), Rob. 1385
Salop
2625 Meare Village House of 364–378 Issue; (4) IARCH-18D97D 10 10 Arch, 1932
East, Somerset Valentinian
2626 Uphill (Weston House of 364–378 Incomplete; IARCH-44C0E9; ? 129 129 1 1 Agric, 1846
super Mare), Valentinian (1) Rob. 1443
North Somerset
2627 Lapley 2012, House of 364–378 Issue; (2) WMID–1F238A; 2 2 MD, 2012
Staffordshire Valentinian BNJ 2017
2628 Icklingham Valens 364–378 Unc/ IARCH-F4BE43; 11 17 28 Agric, 1905
1905, Suffolk disputed; (2) Rob. 1386
2629 Lakenheath Valens 364–378 Incomplete; IARCH-5A2126; 3 3 1 Agric, 1880
1880, Suffolk (2) Rob. 1399
2630 Selsey 1925, Valens 364–378 Issue; (2) IARCH-3ED117; 12 9 21 1 Other, 1925
West Sussex Rob. 1387
2631 Rushall, Valens 364–378 Incomplete; IARCH-5F07EC; 5 5 10 2 Unknown, 1861
Charlton, Wilts (2) Rob. 1401
2632 Swindon, Wilts Valens 364–378 Issue; (2) IARCH-603D42; 26 26 Agric, 1868
Rob. 1402
2633 Pocklington, Valens 364–378 Issue; (2) IARCH-6DBEAC; ? 364 364 Agric, 1880
East Yorks Rob. 1403
2634 Rudston Roman House of 364–378 Issue; (2) IARCH-987A68 2 3 5 Arch, 1965
villa, East Yorks Valentinian
2635 Levisham, House of 364–378 Issue; (3) IARCH-C8F678; 1 17 2 20 MD, 2000
North Yorks Valentinian NC 2009, 42.
2636 Wattle Syke 2007b Valens 364–378 Issue; (2) IARCH-98B146 2 2 3 Arch, 2007
(Wetherby),
West Yorks
2637 East Llangan House of 364–378 Issue; (2) IARCH-4EA24F; 1 1 3 1 6 Unknown, 1800
(Llanboidy), Valentinian Rob. 1404
Carmarthenshire
2638 Caerwent Valens 364–378 Issue; (2) IARCH-F359B1; 20 20 Arch, 1910

(House XXII S), Rob. 1388
Monmouthshire
2639 Caerleon (Fortress House of 364–378 Issue; (3) IARCH-45BAE9; 6 6 Building, 1982
Baths 2), Newport Valentinian G&W 189
2640 Llanelieu House of 364–378 Accumu- IARCH-8DC3AC; 31 2 81 18 132 2 Unknown, 1800
(Talgarth), Powys Valentinian lation; (2) G&W 843
2641 Nornour, Cornwall, Gratian 367–375 Accumu- IARCH-B2FCAF; 8 37 46 91 400 Arch, 1962
Isles of Scilly lation; (3) Penhallurick 271
2642 Frocester Court Gratian 367–375 Issue; (3) IARCH-82BEFC 2 2 Arch, 1961
Roman Villa 5,
Glos
2643 Croydon Valentinian I 367–375 Issue; (2) IARCH-C3C508; 2 2 Unknown, 1790
(Fairfield) 1790, B&L 405
Greater London
2644 Droxford, Hants Gratian 367–375 Issue; (3) IARCH-DF23EB; 22 22 2 MD, 2013
BNJ 2014, 47;
BNJ 2015, 43
2645 Canterbury (Rose House of 367–375 Issue; (3) IARCH-943EA7 6 6 Arch, 1978
Lane Site, Hoard Valentinian
4), Kent
2646 Canterbury Gratian 367–375 Issue; (3) IARCH-533681; 2 9 11 Arch, 1977
(Westgate) 5, Kent Rob. 1417
2647 Ickham 1, Kent House of 367–375 Issue; (3) IARCH-39A58B; 29 29 MD/arch, 1974
Valentinian Rob. 1418
2648 Cheddar House of 367–375 Issue; (2) IARCH-A7B28C; 1 10 11 Arch, 1957
(Gough’s Old Valentinian Rob. 1442
Cave), Somerset
2649 Piercebridge (Fort Gratian 367–375 Issue; (3) IARCH-C1C701 7 1 117 125 3 Arch, 1978
F902), Teesside
2650 Bromham, Wilts House of 367–375 Issue; (4) IARCH-1B219F; 417 417 1 Fieldwalking, 1981
2651 Kingston Deverill House of 367–375 Issue; (2) IARCH-534415; 9 99 108 MD, 2013
2013, Wilts Valentinian BNJ 2014, 48
2652 Winterbourne House of 367–375 Issue; (4) IARCH-87D666; 4 4 MD, 2003
Stoke, Wilts Valentinian NC 2005, 48
2653 Little Smeaton, Valentinian I 367–375 Issue; (4) IARCH-5C2B05; 1 190 190 MD, 1997
North Yorks SWYOR–309C12;
B&L 641;
BNJ 2016, 86
2654 Elm 1713, Cambs House of 367–378 Issue; (2) IARCH-D2E572; 26 4 30 1 Unknown, 1713
2655 Burland House of 367–378 Issue; (4) IARCH-BD4D67 1 16 17 MD, 2010
(Nantwich), Valentinian
Cheshire
2656 Chester (Hunter House of 367–378 Incomplete; IARCH-4279D6; 10 10 1 Building, 1936
Street), Cheshire Valentinian (3) Rob. 1379
2657 Verulamium Gratian 367–378 Issue; (2) IARCH-4A638C; 2 26 28 1 Arch, 1956
CHECKLIST OF HOARDS
(Extramural Site Rob. 1415

1956R), Herts
2658 Aylesford, Kent House of 367–378 Incomplete; IARCH-C3564D; 1 96 97 1 Agric, 1830
Valentinian (2) Rob. 1416
2659 Frilford (Noah’s House of 367–378 Issue; (2) IARCH-9DC4B2; 49 49 Arch, 1937
Ark Field), Oxon Valentinian Rob. 1407
283
Table 4. Cont. 284
discovery
2660 Wroxeter (Spoil House of 367–378 Issue; (2) IARCH-581798; 47 47 Arch, 1966
heap), Salop Valentinian Rob. 1441
2661 East Harptree House of 367–378 Issue; (4) IARCH-4096EB; 1,496 1,496 6 1 Agric, 1887
(Priddy), Somerset Valentinian Rob. 1424
2662 Elsted and House of 367–378 Issue; (4) IARCH-5D7609; 2 2 Unknown, 2011
Treyford Valentinian BNJ 2013, 78
(Chichester area)
2011a,
West Sussex
2663 Cunetio (Well) House of 367–378 Issue; (2) IARCH-8D97F0; 4 14 81 1 100 20 1 Arch, 1912
(Mildenhall), Valentinian Rob. 1369A
Wilts
2664 Caerwent (Temple), House of 367–378 Issue; (2) IARCH-461957; 30 30 Arch, 1985
Monmouthshire Valentinian Rob. 1449
2665 Springhead Gratian 375–375 Issue; (3) IARCH-A36A94; 8 8 Arch, 1959
(Temple V), Kent Rob. 1419
2666 Chester (Deanery House of 375–378 Issue; (2) IARCH-BF915F; 7 7 Arch, 1922
Field) 1922a, Valentinian Rob. 1391
Cheshire
2667 Kendal(?), House of 375–378 Unc/ IARCH-9180E6; 12 94 106 Building, 1825
Cumbria Valentinian disputed; (3) Rob. 1152
2668 Cirencester House of 375–378 Issue; (3) IARCH-5143AF; 31 31 Unknown, 1800
(Museum 1), Glos Valentinian Rob. 1409
2669 Kings Langley I, House of 375–378 Issue; (4) IARCH-AA6876 4 1,546 1,550 1 MD, 1984
Herts Valentinian
2670 Freckenham Gratian 375–378 Issue; (4) IARCH-33A400; 1 8 9 MD, 2002
2002, Suffolk B&L 551
2671 All Cannings, House of 375–378 Issue; (4) IARCH-8440AE; 33 33 MD, 1995
Wilts Valentinian NC 1997, 41;
CHRB X
2672 Wighill Valentinian 375–378 Issue; (4) IARCH-8E68C2; 40 40 MD, 2012
(Wetherby), II BNJ 2013, 76
North Yorks
Periods 18–19. 348–78
2673 Gloucester Nummus, 350–370 Incomplete; IARCH-CC5E3E; 652 652 Building, 1970
(Westgate) 4, uncertain (1) Rob. 1647
Glos ruler
Period 20. 378–88

2674 Lydney Park House of 375–388 Unverified; IARCH-5F1DB8; ? ? Unknown, 1850
(Bledisloe Coll.) 1, Theodosius (1) Rob. 1629
Glos
2675 Nailsworth, Glos House of 378–383 Issue; (4) IARCH-CE77AC; 9 9 MD, 2004
Theodosius NC 2006, 28.
2676 Cotton’s Wharf Gratian 378–383 Issue; (3) IARCH-3979B4; 44 44 Building, 1984
Greater London
(City)
2677 Horkstow, House of 378–383 Issue; (3) IARCH-F247A4; 3 8 11 MD, 1995
North Lincs Theodosius B&L 379
2678 North Moreton, Valentinian 378–383 Issue; (3) BERK–982961; 1 2 100 103 MD, 2014
Oxon II BNJ 2016, 87
2679 Wrington, House of 378–383 Issue; (4) IARCH-A84623; 1,283 1,283 1 MD, 1984
North Somerset Theodosius Rob. 1411A;
CHRB IX
2680 Nettleton (Shrine Gratian 378–383 Unverified; IARCH-000AF8; 131 131 Arch, 1960
of Apollo) B, (2) Rob. 1338b
Wilts
2681 Kingston Deverill House of 378–388 Issue; (4) IARCH-1260D8; 2 2 MD, 2010
2010, Wilts Theodosius BNJ 2012, 44.
2682 Pamphill 2015, Theodosius I 379–383 Issue; (4) DOR–1B3ECD; 6 6 MD, 2015
Dorset BNJ 2016, 88
2683 Verulamium House of 379–383 Issue; (3) IARCH-7DD396; 1 146 147 1 1 Arch, 2011
(King’s Park), Theodosius BNJ 2015, 44
Herts
2684 West Tisbury II, Theodosius I 379–383 Issue; (4) IARCH-3A920B; 22 22 MD, 2011
Wilts BNJ 2012, 42
2685 Portsmouth 1888, House of 379–395 Issue; (2) IARCH-D42AFD; 22 22 1 Other, 1888
Hants Theodosius Rob. 1465
2686 Leicester Theodosius I 379–395 Issue; (2) IARCH-2DB2A6; 61 61 1 Building, 1906
(Causeway Lane), Rob. 1462
Leics
2687 Newgrange, Arcadius 383–387 Issue; (4) Rob. 1499; 10 3 3 9 25 Arch, 1699
Co Meath B&L 871–80;
Bateson 1973,
21–97
2688 Newton Mills, Magnus 383–388 Issue; (4) IARCH-15228D; 255 255 MD, 1983
Bath and North Maximus Rob. 1474
East Somerset
2689 Kempston 1976, Magnus 383–388 Issue; (4) IARCH-215399; 53 53 1 Building, 1976
Beds Maximus Rob. 1470
2690 Aylesbury, Bucks Magnus 383–388 Issue; (4) IARCH-BD5723; 2 2 Building, 1979
Maximus Rob. 1477; B&L 31
CHECKLIST OF HOARDS
2691 Dutton, Cheshire House of 383–388 Issue; (4) IARCH-C103C1; 36 1 37 MD, 2014
Theodosius BNJ 2015, 45
2692 Muncaster, Theodosius I 383–388 Issue; (2) IARCH-E3496E; 2 2 Other, 1800
Cumbria B&L 124
2693 Fishbourne Beach, House of 383–388 Issue; (4) IARCH-D9CF66; 71 71 MD, 1987
Isle of Wight Theodosius CHRB IX
285
Table 4. Cont. 286
discovery
2694 Stockerston (near Magnus 383–388 Issue; (2) IARCH-89DB52; 600 600 Other, 1814
Uppingham) 1814, Maximus Rob. 1480
Leics
2695 Methwold, Magnus 383–388 Issue; (4) IARCH-1DFF4A; 2 2 MD, 2010
Norfolk Maximus BNJ 2012, 43
2696 Thetford 1962, Magnus 383–388 Incomplete; IARCH-B3C2E5 20 20 Agric, 1962
Norfolk Maximus (2)
2697 Thetford 1978, House of 383–388 Issue; (4) IARCH-E569F9; 74 74 MD, 1978
Norfolk Theodosius Rob. 1478
2698 Corbridge (Site XII), Magnus 383–388 Issue; (4) IARCH-F7CE15; 48 48 48 1 1 Arch, 1908
Northumberland Maximus Rob. 1473;
B&L 479
2699 Shapwick 1938 Magnus 383–388 Issue; (3) IARCH-3D360E; 4 1,116 1,120 1 Agric, 1938
(Shapwick III), Maximus Rob. 1475
Somerset
2700 Witham Friary House of 383–388 Incomplete; IARCH-172943 111 111 2 Agric, 1867
1867, Somerset Theodosius (1)
2701 Wiveliscombe House of 383–388 Issue; (4) IARCH-A98B21; 10 1 1,128 1,139 1 Agric, 1946
1946, Somerset Theodosius Rob. 1498
2702 Guildford (Holy Magnus 383–388 Issue; (4) IARCH-5EAE17; 3 3 MD, 2000
Trinity), Surrey Maximus NC 2007, 50.
2703 West Wittering Magnus 383–388 Issue; (3) IARCH-E67466; 12 12 Agric, 1847
1847 (Cakeham), Maximus Rob. 1481;
West Sussex B&L 570
2704 Stratford on Avon Magnus 383–388 Issue; (2) IARCH-F8EC0B; ? ? 1 Agric, 1786
1786, Warks Maximus Rob. 1482;
B&L 582
2705 Uncertain 11, Magnus 383–388 Issue; (2) IARCH-4A4FEC; 74 74 Unknown, 1969
Uncertain Maximus Rob. 1476
2706 Great Orme Magnus 383–388 Incomplete; IARCH-88EFAA; 15 15 Unknown, 1910
1910, Conwy Maximus (1) Rob. 1483
2707 Stockerston (near Arcadius 383–393 Incomplete; IARCH-1C47B7; 230 230 1 Other, 1799
Uppingham) 1799, (1) Rob. 1506
Leics
2708 Amberwood, Arcadius 383–402 Issue; (3) IARCH-B2B9B6; 16 16 1 Agric, 1845
Hants Rob. 1490
2709 Milverton, Arcadius 383–402 Issue; (2) IARCH-E5352F; 45 45 1 Unknown, 1847

Somerset Rob. 1496
2710 Tredington, Flavius 387–388 Issue; (2) IARCH-27A6A0; 5 5 Unknown, 1861
Warks Victor Rob. 1484
Periods 18–20. 348–88
2711 Uley 5, Glos Uncertain – 360–380 Unverified; IARCH-827B8E; ? ? Arch, 1977
4th century (1) HER 262
Periods 19–20. 364–88

2712 Bray, Berks House of 367–383 Incomplete; IARCH-971420 50 50 1 Unknown, 1930
Theodosius (1)
2713 Chaddleworth Gratian 367–383 Incomplete; IARCH-C1CB85; ? 100 1 Unknown, 1850
1850, Berks (1) Rob. 1428
2714 Welford Gratian 367–383 Incomplete; IARCH-2A9826; ? 800 1 Agric, 1825
(Chaddleford), (1) Rob. 1429
Berks
2715 Trebursye (South Gratian 367–383 Issue; (2) IARCH-8bc589; ? ? 1 Gardening, 1906
Petherwin), Pastscape 437116
Cornwall
2716 Nether Haddon, Gratian 367–383 Incomplete; IARCH-851D12; 82 82 2 Other, 1824
Derbys (2) Rob. 1431
2717 West Hill (Corfe Gratian 367–383 Issue; (2) IARCH-EC54B5; 24 24 Agric, 1952
Castle), Dorset Rob. 1432
2718 Bourton on the Gratian 367–383 Issue; (2) IARCH-F6963C; 100 100 Other, 1880
Water 1880, Glos Rob. 1433
2719 Colesbourne, Gratian 367–383 Issue; (2) IARCH-3F2F21; ? ? Other, 1794
Glos Rob. 1410
2720 Foxcote Gratian 367–383 Accumu- IARCH-BB720C; ? 200 200 1 Other, 1863
(Withington), lation; (1) Rob. 1434
Glos
2721 Rodmarton, Glos Gratian 367–383 Issue; (2) IARCH-846CE4; 200 200 Other, 1800
Rob. 1411
2722 Hambledon, Gratian 367–383 Incomplete; IARCH-0E8D80 33 33 Other, 1940
Hants (2)
2723 Silchester 1874, Gratian 367–383 Issue; (2) IARCH-9139EB; 95 95 Arch, 1874
Hants Rob. 1412
2724 Winchester Gratian 367–383 Incomplete; IARCH-E974AF; 12 12 Agric, 1843
(St Bartholomew) (1) Rob. 1413
1843, Hants
2725 Kenchester, Gratian 367–383 Issue; (2) IARCH-21B83F; 51 51 1 Arch, 1912
Herefs Rob. 1414
2726 Cheshunt Gratian 367–383 Incomplete; IARCH-C590C8; 280 280 1 Unknown, 1904
1904, Herts (2) Rob. 1436
2727 Westgate Gratian 367–383 Issue; (2) IARCH-99C026; 2 1 197 200 6 Other, 1845
(Margate), Kent Rob. 1437
CHECKLIST OF HOARDS
2728 Edmondthorpe Gratian 367–383 Issue; (2) IARCH-23672E; ? ? Building, 1797

(Wymondham), Rob. 1438
Leics
2729 Lincoln Gratian 367–383 Issue; (2) IARCH-BAAEC7; 78 78 Building, 1956
(Broadway), Rob. 1420
Lincs
287
Table 4. Cont. 288
discovery
2730 Kirmington 1780, Gratian 367–383 Incomplete; IARCH-B584E2; 31 31 Unknown, 1780

North Lincs (2) Rob. 1406
2731 Corbridge Gratian 367–383 Issue; (3) IARCH-58F6AB; 19 19 Arch, 1910
(Pottery Store), Rob. 1421
Northumberland
2732 Corbridge (South Gratian 367–383 Issue; (2) IARCH-4B8AD3; 17 17 Unknown, 1911
of Site XI), Rob. 1422
Northumberland
2733 Wookey Hole Gratian 367–383 Issue; (2) IARCH-3BAB8E; ? ? 1 Agric, 1852
(St Cuthbert Out) Rob. 1444
1852, Somerset
2734 Pevensey 1840, Gratian 367–383 Incomplete; IARCH-EAF071; 1 97 98 Unknown, 1840
East Sussex (2) Rob. 1445
2735 Lower Beeding, Gratian 367–383 Issue; (2) IARCH-31CEEA; 156 156 2 Arch, 1961
West Sussex Rob. 1425
2736 York (Railway 2), Gratian 367–383 Issue; (2) IARCH-BB9088; 80 80 Building, 1845
2737 Dreghorn, Gratian 367–383 Ruler; (3) Rob. 1454 36 36 2 Unknown, 1897
Ayrshire
2738 Crichton, Gratian 367–383 Ruler; (2) Rob. 1450 12 12 Unknown, 1785
Midlothian
2739 Dryslwyn Gratian 367–383 Issue; (2) IARCH-B21E13; 13 13 MD, 2005
(Llangathen), TAR 2005–6, 1252
Carmarthenshire
2740 Cymyran (Llanfair Gratian 367–383 Issue; (2) IARCH-491DEC; 10 10 Unknown, 1998
yn Neubwll), TAR 2001, 197
Isle of Anglesey
2741 Nettleton Uncertain – 370–385 Unverified; IARCH-E3CABA ? ? Arch, 1956
(Building XIII), 4th century (1)
Wilts
2742 Wroxeter (Metal Gratian 375–383 Unverified; IARCH-3001DF; 38 38 1 Other, 1859
Worker’s Shop), (2) Rob. 1423
Salop
Period 21. 388–402

2743 Shapwick 1937 House of 388–389 Issue; (4) IARCH-E0A29B; 125 125 2 Agric, 1937
(Shapwick II), Theodosius Rob. 1497

Somerset
2744 Water Newton Valentinian 388–392 Issue; (4) IARCH-5FC860; 2 2 MD, 1975
1975, Cambs II B&L 53
2745 Doddington, Kent Valentinian 388–392 Issue; (3) IARCH-201BDB; 2 2 Agric, 1897
II Rob. 1459;
B&L 334
2746 Nettleham, Lincs Valentinian 388–392 Issue; (4) IARCH-D72118; 3 3 MD, 2005
II B&L 376
2747 Wood Norton, House of 388–392 Issue; (4) IARCH-897B02; 2 2 MD, 2001
Norfolk Theodosius B&L 446
2748 Doncaster (Roman Valentinian 388–392 Issue; (2) IARCH-8AE42C 7 7 1 Arch, 1966
Fort), South Yorks II
2749 Uncertain 6 House of 388–392 Issue; (3) IARCH-A82B7E; 117 117 Unknown, 1900
(Mr Wood’s hoard), Theodosius Rob. 1485
Uncertain
2750 Reading (Bobs House of 388–395 Incomplete; IARCH-C53937; 11 11 1 Other, 1895
Mount), Berks Theodosius (2) Rob. 1500
2751 Sea Mills 1945 Arcadius 388–395 Issue; (3) IARCH-204184; 24 24 Arch, 1945
(Stoke Bishop), Rob. 1495
Bristol
2752 Chippenham Arcadius 388–395 Issue; (4) IARCH-B93CD1 10 10 MD, 1997
1987, Cambs
2753 Trevelgue Head House of 388–395 Issue; (2) IARCH-1F63AB 3 3 Arch, 1939
(Newquay) I, Theodosius
Cornwall
2754 Samson, House of 388–395 Unverified; IARCH-6B66FC; 6 6 Unknown, 1873
Cornwall, Theodosius (2) Rob. 1522
Isles of Scilly
2755 Combe Raleigh House of 388–395 Issue; (4) IARCH-DDFDDF; 18 18 1 Building, 1921
(Honiton), Devon Theodosius Rob. 1489
2756 Colchester House of 388–395 Accumu- IARCH-028CD9 12 155 6 173 10 Arch, 1935
(Crouch Street), Theodosius lation; (3)
Essex
2757 Whittington, House of 388–395 Issue; (2) IARCH-D0C3CA; 8 8 Unknown, 1952
Glos Theodosius Rob. 1503
2758 Canterbury (Rose House of 388–395 Issue; (3) IARCH-941FDD 23 23 Arch, 1978
Lane Site, Theodosius
Hoard 1), Kent
2759 Canterbury (Rose House of 388–395 Issue; (3) IARCH-942B12 2 17 19 Arch, 1978
Lane Site, Hoard Theodosius
2), Kent
2760 Springhead (A2), House of 388–395 Issue; (3) IARCH-DED395; 3 444 447 Other, 1964
Kent Theodosius Rob. 1472; B&L 337
2761 Colkirk, Norfolk Arcadius 388–395 Issue; (4) IARCH-1A2CDE; 2 2 MD, 1999
NC 2003, 19.
2762 Redenhall, Honorius 388–395 Issue; (3) IARCH-8D5B79; 31 113 144 Other, 1895
Norfolk (emperor) Rob. 1569
CHECKLIST OF HOARDS
2763 Brean Down House of 388–395 Issue; (4) IARCH-44FA1C 1 17 18 1 Arch, 1956
(Temple), Somerset Theodosius
2764 Witham Friary House of 388–395 Issue; (4) IARCH-B9A6B1; 146 146 MD, 2010
2010 (Frome), Theodosius NC 2011, 52;
Somerset BNJ 2012, 45;
BNJ 2013, 74;
BNJ 2015, 46
289
Table 4. Cont. 290
discovery
2765 Offchurch Arcadius 388–395 Issue; (2) IARCH-F0101C; 5 1 36 42 Other, 1914

1914, Warks Rob. 1509
2766 Giant’s Cave House of 388–395 Issue; (2) IARCH-199F1F 6 6 100 Arch, 1960
(Luckington), Theodosius
Wilts
2767 Groveley Wood Arcadius 388–395 Issue; (3) IARCH-3A3E62; 302 302 7 1 Agric, 1906
1906a (Great Rob. 1597
Wishford), Wilts
2768 Hinton Down Arcadius 388–395 Issue; (3) IARCH-6D9CFC; 9 9 MD, 1990
(Bishopstone), Rob. 1498B;
Wilts CHRB IX
2769 Filey 1921b House of 388–395 Issue; (3) IARCH-8AB65A; 22 22 1 Arch, 1921
(Signal Station), Theodosius Rob. 1603
North Yorks
2770 Bath (Abbey), Arcadius 388–402 Accumu- IARCH-25AC66 12,613 261 Arch, 1979
Bath and North lation; (4)
East Somerset
2771 Sandy 1974, Beds House of 388–402 Incomplete; IARCH-A37EB1; ? ? Unknown, 1974
Theodosius (1) Rob. 1624
2772 Chaddleworth House of 388–402 Issue; (3) IARCH-94E26A; 2 131 1 134 MD, 2010
2010, Berks Theodosius BNJ 2012, 46
2773 Aston Clinton House of 388–402 Issue; (3) IARCH-238853; 16 16 MD, 2013
2013, Bucks Theodosius BNJ 2014, 51
2774 Bancroft Roman House of 388–402 Issue; (2) IARCH-F30CE9 29 29 13 Arch, 1982
Villa (Stantonbury) Theodosius
2, Bucks, Milton
Keynes
2775 Bancroft Roman House of 388–402 Incomplete; IARCH-4AD0CB ? ? Arch, 1983
Villa (Stantonbury) Theodosius (1)
3, Bucks, Milton
Keynes
2776 Dorchester House of 388–402 Incomplete; IARCH-E0A2E2 ? ? Arch, 1968
(County Hospital Theodosius (1)
I), Dorset
2777 Dorchester House of 388–402 Incomplete; IARCH-D61D2D; ? 304 304 Arch, 1968
(Somerleigh Theodosius (2) Rob. 1644
Court) 2, Dorset
2778 Colchester (Lion House of 388–402 Issue; (3) IARCH-D622FF 13 13 1 Arch, 1970
Walk site R), Theodosius
Essex
2779 Ivy Chimneys House of 388–402 Accumu- IARCH-81FAFE 27 51 78 Arch, 1978
(Witham) 4, Essex Theodosius lation; (2)
2780 Ivy Chimneys House of 388–402 Issue; (2) IARCH-81E6AA 3 29 32 Arch, 1978
(Witham) 5, Essex Theodosius
2781 Cirencester House of 388–402 Issue; (2) IARCH-585AA5; 10 10 1 Unknown, 1850
(Bathurst Coll.), Theodosius Rob. 1464
Glos
2782 Cirencester House of 388–402 Issue; (2) IARCH-C88EEA 214 214 1 Other, 1952
(Cirencester Park), Theodosius
Glos
2783 Gloucester House of 388–402 Issue; (3) IARCH-113641; 101 101 Arch, 1966
(Westgate) 2, Glos Theodosius Rob. 1502
2784 Hawkesbury, House of 388–402 Unc/ IARCH-E89B72; 1 41 42 3 MD, 2007
South Glos Theodosius disputed; (3) NC 2008, 41.
2785 Canterbury House of 388–402 Issue; (2) IARCH-5F1CF4; 80 80 Arch, 1957
(Westgate) 3, Theodosius Rob. 1504
Kent
2786 Gillingham House of 388–402 Incomplete; IARCH-1B2199 14 147 161 Arch, 2006
2006, Kent Theodosius (2)
2787 Brindle, Lancs Arcadius 388–402 Issue; (2) IARCH-56109F; 21 21 1 Unknown, 1934
Rob. 1505
2788 Hockwold cum House of 388–402 Accumu- IARCH-83BDA3 137 137 96 MD, 1957
Wilton 2, Norfolk Theodosius lation; (2)
2789 Irchester 2011, House of 388–402 Incomplete; IARCH-23ADA6; 24 24 MD, 2011
Northants Theodosius (2) BNJ 2014, 53
2790 Frilford (Grave 2), House of 388–402 Issue; (2) IARCH-C228C1; 1 33 34 Arch, 1937
Oxon Theodosius Rob. 1488
2791 South Lawn, House of 388–402 Issue; (2) IARCH-F238E6; 22 22 Arch, 1872
Swinbrook Theodosius Rob. 1398
(Wychwood
Forest), Oxon
2792 Eartham House of 388–402 Issue; (3) IARCH-237511; 10 10 MD, 2007
(Chichester area), Theodosius NC 2008, 38;
West Sussex BNJ 2013, 73
2793 Chisbury Camp House of 388–402 Issue; (3) IARCH-A75703; 99 99 Agric, 1981
(Little Bedwyn) Theodosius Rob. 1512
1981, Wilts
2794 Balk, North Yorks Honorius 388–402 Issue; (3) IARCH-73A905; 8 8 MD, 2005
(emperor) NC 2006, 32.
2795 Middleton Tyas, House of 388–402 Incomplete; IARCH-569DC4; 12 12 Agric, 1920
North Yorks Theodosius (2) Rob. 1627
2796 Llys Awel, Conwy House of 388–402 Accumu- IARCH-99223D; 36 494 4 534 MD, 1990
Theodosius lation; (2) G&W 943
CHECKLIST OF HOARDS
2797 Tywyn, Gwynedd House of 388–402 Issue; (3) IARCH-F30379; 5 5 Other, 1988
Theodosius G&W 1083
2798 Holyhead House of 388–402 Issue; (2) IARCH-CB2AC6; 1 16 17 Arch, 1980
Mountain Theodosius Rob. 1610
(Trearddur) 1980,
Isle of Anglesey
291
Table 4. Cont. 292
discovery
2799 Caerwent (House House of 388–402 Incomplete; IARCH-58FB56; 1,450 1,450 Arch, 1909
XXIV N, Room 1), Theodosius (1) Rob. 1641
Monmouthshire
2800 Nash, Newport House of 388–402 Unverified; IARCH-BBBA28; 34 34 Unknown, 1980
Theodosius (2) G&W 264
2801 Ulrome 1900, House of 390–402 Unverified; IARCH-E40237 1 25 26 Other, 1900
East Yorks Theodosius (1)
2802 Uncertain (between Eugenius 392–394 Incomplete; IARCH-C268A4; 250 250 Other, 1830
Bath and Bristol), (2) Rob. 1486
Bath and North
East Somerset
2803 Rockbourne Eugenius 392–394 Issue; (4) IARCH-57AFF6; 20 20 MD, 1986
1986, Hants Rob. 1487;
B&L 234;
CHRB IX
2804 Uncertain 3, House of 392–395 Incomplete; IARCH-1A8Abc 30 30 Unknown, 1800
Uncertain Theodosius (2)
2805 Sedgefield 2002, Honorius 392–402 Issue; (2) IARCH-995514; 6 6 MD, 2002
County Durham (emperor) NC 2003, 18.
2806 Batten Hanger House of 392–402 Issue; (3) IARCH-7A8989 1 40 41 Arch, 1989
Roman Villa Theodosius
(Elsted and
Treyford),
West Sussex
2807 Godshill, House of 393–395 Issue; (3) IARCH-5DF32C; 5 22 27 MD, 2012
Isle of Wight Theodosius BNJ 2013, 75
2808 Thealby (Burton Honorius 393–395 Incomplete; IARCH-7E283D; 58 58 Other, 1935
upon Stather), (emperor) (2) Rob. 1560
North Lincs
2809 Barton Court Farm House of 393–395 Issue; (3) IARCH-A052A0; 33 33 Arch, 1974
(Abingdon), Oxon Theodosius Rob. 1625
2810 Bowerchalke House of 393–395 Issue; (4) IARCH-C047D5; 1 65 66 4 MD, 1997
1997, Wilts Theodosius B&L 599
2811 Camerton 1814, Honorius 393–402 Issue; (2) IARCH-CB0ABA; 26 26 1 Unknown, 1814
Bath and North (emperor) Rob. 1579
East Somerset
2812 Paulton, Bath House of 393–402 Issue; (2) IARCH-AAB23A; 77 77 1 Agric, 1956
and North East Theodosius Rob. 1583
Somerset
2813 Stretham, Cambs House of 393–402 Issue; (4) IARCH-8C71F8; 9 856 865 1 Agric, 1939
Theodosius Rob. 1517
2814 Dorchester Honorius 393–402 Issue; (3) IARCH-72FC8C 20 388 1 409 Arch, 2001
(County Hospital (emperor)
II), Dorset
2815 Colchester (West Honorius 393–402 Issue; (3) IARCH-18EBEE; 49 49 Unknown, 1927
Lodge), Essex (emperor) Rob. 1526
2816 Sturmer, Essex Honorius 393–402 Issue; (2) IARCH-6544B6; 1 29 30 1 1 Other, 1793
(emperor) Rob. 1527;
B&L 184
2817 Cirencester House of 393–402 Issue; (2) IARCH-C35D31; 3 921 924 Unknown, 1920
(Museum 2), Glos Theodosius Rob. 1529
2818 Gloucester House of 393–402 Issue; (3) IARCH-E82954; 2 179 181 Arch, 1966
(Westgate) 3, Glos Theodosius Rob. 1530
2819 Lydney Park Honorius 393–402 Accumu- IARCH-59B3E7 21 21 1 Arch, 1805
1805, Glos (emperor) lation; (1)
2820 Bermondsey House of 393–402 Incomplete; IARCH-849060; 1,900 1,900 1 Building, 1866
(Surrey Docks) Theodosius (1) Rob. 1563
1866, Greater
London
2821 Bermondsey House of 393–402 Issue; (3) IARCH-65471B; 3 358 361 1 Building, 1946
(Surrey Docks) Theodosius Rob. 1561
1946, Greater
London
2822 Thames Foreshore Honorius 393–402 Issue; (3) IARCH-3932DF; 2 201 203 Unknown, 1987
(Wandsworth (emperor) Rob. 1564
Park Area),
Greater London
2823 Wroxall, House of 393–402 Incomplete; IARCH-A52C2A; 1 4,999 5,000 1 Building, 1863
Isle of Wight Theodosius (2) Rob. 1540
2824 Richborough House of 393–402 Incomplete; IARCH-9E5D45; 168 168 Arch, 1932
(Area XVII), Kent Theodosius (3) Rob. 1548
2825 Richborough House of 393–402 Incomplete; IARCH-6DC862; 124 124 Arch, 1931
(S Of Chalk Theodosius (2) Rob. 1550
House), Kent
2826 Richborough House of 393–402 Incomplete; IARCH-5C9348; 96 96 Arch, 1931
(S Of Site IV), Kent Theodosius (2) Rob. 1549
2827 Richborough House of 393–402 Issue; (3) IARCH-D2EB1A; 76 76 Arch, 1937
1937b, Kent Theodosius Rob. 1551
2828 South Ferriby Honorius 393–402 Unc/ IARCH-987A9B; ? ? Other, 1935
1935, North Lincs (emperor) disputed; (1) Rob. 1558
2829 Caston 1816, Honorius 393–402 Incomplete; IARCH-FF826E; ? ? 1 Unknown, 1816
Norfolk (emperor) (1) Rob. 1567 ;
CHECKLIST OF HOARDS
B&L 441
2830 Hevingham, Honorius 393–402 Issue; (4) IARCH-10628F; 1 6 7 MD, 2011
Norfolk (emperor) BNJ 2013, 80
2831 West Norfolk, Honorius 393–402 Issue; (2) IARCH-ABE28C; 4 631 635 Unknown, 1908
Norfolk (emperor) Rob. 1570
2832 Laxton, Honorius 393–402 Issue; (3) IARCH-91F9D0; 3 336 339 Building, 1936
Northants (emperor) Rob. 1571
293
Table 4. Cont.
294
discovery
2833 Nobottle Honorius 393–402 Issue; (3) IARCH-D139C5; 7 806 1 814 1 Arch, 1928
(Harlestone), (emperor) Rob. 1572
Northants
2834 Dorchester on Honorius 393–402 Issue; (2) IARCH-620D39; 1 42 43 Arch, 1962
Thames 1, Oxon (emperor) Rob. 1573
2835 Dorchester on Honorius 393–402 Issue; (2) IARCH-C1F9A6; 15 841 1 857 Arch, 1963
Thames 2, Oxon (emperor) Rob. 1574A
2836 Dorchester on Honorius 393–402 Issue; (2) IARCH-D8FFE9; 2 12 14 Arch, 1963
Thames 3, Oxon (emperor) Rob. 1574
2837 Kiddington 1783, Honorius 393–402 Issue; (2) IARCH-B61AB7; ? ? Unknown, 1783
Oxon (emperor) Rob. 1575
2838 Kiddington 1921 Honorius 393–402 Incomplete; IARCH-F72246; 16 87 103 Unknown, 1921
(Wood Farm), (emperor) (2) Rob. 1576
Oxon
2839 Kiddington Honorius 393–402 Issue; (3) IARCH-2B8D86; 10 1,166 1,176 1 Unknown, 1935
1935, Oxon (emperor) Rob. 1577
2840 Ram’s Hill Honorius 393–402 Issue; (3) IARCH-C12307; 8 1 9 2 1 Arch, 1939
(Kingston Lisle), (emperor) Rob. 1515
Oxon
2841 Chilton Polden, Honorius 393–402 Issue; (2) IARCH-81AD0E; 62 62 2 Unknown, 1838
Somerset (emperor) Rob. 1581
2842 East Huntspill Honorius 393–402 Incomplete; IARCH-7D4809; 41 7 48 1 Agric, 1811
(Chilton Polden), (emperor) (1) Rob. 1580
Somerset
2843 North Curry, Honorius 393–402 Issue; (2) IARCH-93AA35; 150 150 1 Agric, 1748
Somerset (emperor) Rob. 1582
2844 Worlebury Camp Honorius 393–402 Issue; (4) IARCH-DFC2bc; 3 238 241 1 1 Arch, 1852
(Weston super (emperor) Rob. 1586
Mare), North
Somerset
2845 Icklingham Honorius 393–402 Issue; (3) IARCH-A94B2E; 318 318 1 Agric, 1872
1872, Suffolk (emperor) Rob. 1588
2846 Icklingham Honorius 393–402 Issue; (3) IARCH-1FDC34; 230 230 Unknown, 1885
2847 Icklingham Honorius 393–402 Issue; (3) IARCH-38F701; 22 70 972 1,042 1 Unknown, 1902
2848 Little Bealings Honorius 393–402 Incomplete; IARCH-772964; 5 531 536 1 Other, 1934
(Woodbridge), (emperor) (2) Rob. 1594

Suffolk
2849 Mildenhall Honorius 393–402 Incomplete; IARCH-255E9E; 13 13 Unknown, 1941
1941, Suffolk (emperor) (2) Rob. 1592
2850 Chobham, Surrey Honorius 393–402 Issue; (2) IARCH-9F4F3F; 150 150 2 1 Agric, 1772
(emperor) Rob. 1595
2851 Wilton Honorius 393–402 Issue; (2) IARCH-1BA62A; 1 80 80 1 Unknown, 1856
(Guisborough), (emperor) Rob. 1609;
Teesside B&L 639
2852 Colerne 1941, Honorius 393–402 Incomplete; IARCH-82D698; 200 200 1 Building, 1941
Wilts (emperor) (2) Rob. 1596
2853 Groveley Wood Honorius 393–402 Issue; (2) IARCH-3286E2; 7 947 954 1 Agric, 1906
1906b (Great (emperor) Rob. 1598
Wishford), Wilts
2854 Manton Downs Honorius 393–402 Issue; (2) IARCH-329BDD; 26 15 41 12 Building, 1883
(Preshute), Wilts (emperor) Rob. 1599
2855 Cleeve Prior, Honorius 393–402 Incomplete; IARCH-60A943; 3,600 3,600 2 Agric, 1811
Worcs (emperor) (2) Rob. 1600;
B&L 608
2856 Hornsea, Honorius 393–402 Incomplete; IARCH-9B1526; 250 250 1 Other, 1900
East Yorks (emperor) (2) Rob. 1468
2857 Filey 1921a Honorius 393–402 Issue; (3) IARCH-710203; 110 110 1 Arch, 1921
(Signal Station), (emperor) Rob. 1602
North Yorks
2858 Malton, Honorius 393–402 Issue; (2) IARCH-42E228; ? ? 1 Agric, 1901
North Yorks (emperor) Rob. 1605
2859 Richmond, Honorius 393–402 Incomplete; IARCH-2EBF8D; 600 600 1 Agric, 1720
North Yorks (emperor) (2) Rob. 1606
2860 Scarborough Honorius 393–402 Issue; (3) IARCH-3EF14F; 57 57 Arch, 1924
(Signal Station), (emperor) Rob. 1607
North Yorks
2861 Uncertain 4, Honorius 393–402 Incomplete; IARCH-31D8B6 1 106 1,402 1,509 14 1 Unknown, 1800
Uncertain (2)
2862 Caerwent (Basilica), Honorius 393–402 Issue; (2) IARCH-762A25; 200 200 1 Arch, 1908
Monmouthshire (emperor) Rob. 1612
2863 Caerwent Honorius 393–402 Incomplete; IARCH-B91A6A; 54 6,946 7,000 1 Arch, 1902
(House VI S), (emperor) (2) Rob. 1611
Monmouthshire
2864 Caerwent Honorius 393–402 Incomplete; IARCH-92308D; ? 1,000 1,000 1 1 Arch, 1909
(House XIX N), (emperor) (2) Rob. 1613
Monmouthshire
2865 Caerwent (House Honorius 393–402 Incomplete; IARCH-50AC09; ? 430 430 Arch, 1909
XXIV N, Room 2), (emperor) (1) Rob. 1614
Monmouthshire
2866 Caerwent (House Honorius 393–402 Imitation; IARCH-E8BAE4; 6 145 151 Arch, 1947
XXVI N), (emperor) (2) Rob. 1615
Monmouthshire
CHECKLIST OF HOARDS
2867 Ifton, Rogiet, Honorius 393–402 Issue; (2) IARCH-B13EE4; 5 9 14 Unknown, 1860
Monmouthshire (emperor) Rob. 1616
2868 Wisbech 1847, House of 394–395 Issue; (3) IARCH-CB9961; 9 9 Unknown, 1847
Cambs Theodosius Rob. 1501
2869 Wisbech 1852, House of 394–395 Issue; (3) IARCH-289DE7; 4 13 17 1 Unknown, 1852
Cambs Theodosius Rob. 1519
295
Table 4. Cont. 296
discovery
2870 Heddon on Arcadius 394–395 Issue; (2) IARCH-F469A7; 31 31 Unknown, 1785

the Wall 1785, Rob. 1494
Northumberland
2871 Hougham Honorius 394–402 Issue; (4) IARCH-499410; 2 2 MD, 1993
Without (Dover) (emperor) B&L 335
1993, Kent
2872 Carleton Honorius 394–402 Issue; (2) IARCH-CE9806; 4 11 15 1 Unknown, 1807
St Peter 1807, (emperor) Rob. 1566 ;
Norfolk B&L 440
2873 Deopham (near Honorius 394–402 Issue; (4) IARCH-FE612E; 27 4 31 MD, 1993
Hingham) 1993, (emperor) B&L 442; CHRB X;
2874 Kempston Honorius 395–402 Issue; (4) IARCH-A73C8C; 13 13 Unknown, 1978
1978, Beds Rob. 1513
2875 Willington Honorius 395–402 Issue; (4) IARCH-241E4A; 3 15 18 MD, 2004
(Cople), Beds B&L 14
2876 Compton Downs Honorius 395–402 Issue; (4) IARCH-2B5247; 278 278 MD, 1981
(East Ilsley) Rob. 1514
1981, Berks
2877 Reading (Milman Honorius 395–402 Incomplete; IARCH-C58691; 1 49 50 1 Building, 1895
Road), Berks (2) Rob. 1516
2878 Bristol (North Honorius 395–402 Issue; (3) IARCH-1D2681; 2,044 2,044 Unknown, 1860
Mendip), Bristol Rob. 1578
2879 Cottenham Honorius 395–402 Issue; (4) IARCH-6BE95D 3 3 MD, 2005
2005, Cambs
2880 Elm (Wisbech) Honorius 395–402 Incomplete; IARCH-45083E; 1 20 21 1 Agric, 1785
1785, Cambs (2) Rob. 1518
2881 Ely, Cambs Honorius 395–402 Issue; (2) IARCH-6A709D; 1,021 1,021 93 1 Arch, 2011
BNJ 2013, 77
2882 Towednack Honorius 395–402 Incomplete; IARCH-F24750; 80 80 1 1 Other, 1702
(Zennor), Cornwall (1) Rob. 1521
2883 Dorchester 3, Honorius 395–402 Issue; (3) IARCH-7CA169; 53 1 54 6 Unknown, 1898
Dorset Rob. 1523
2884 Gussage All Honorius 395–402 Issue; (4) IARCH-8D9AB1; 662 662 1 MD, 2010
Saints II, Dorset NC 2011.
2885 Melcombe Honorius 395–402 Issue; (4) IARCH-CE8C01; 113 1 114 3 1 MD, 1999
Horsey, Dorset NC 2001, 41

2886 Preston 1928, Honorius 395–402 Issue; (2) IARCH-20CE53; 4,400 4,400 Other, 1928
Dorset Rob. 1525
2887 Colchester Honorius 395–402 Issue; (3) IARCH-9BE4C2 15 15 Unknown, 1964
(Artillery Folley,
New Town), Essex
2888 Debden, Essex Honorius 395–402 Issue; (3) CAM–6361B7; 17 17 1 MD, 2015
BNJ 2016, 89
2889 Fingringhoe Honorius 395–402 Issue; (3) IARCH-DE1882; 9 9 18 MD, 2012
(Colchester BNJ 2014, 49
district), Essex
2890 Lindsell, Essex Honorius 395–402 Issue; (4) IARCH-B59F4A; 25 25 MD, 1998
NC 1999, 35;
NC 2000, 38.
2891 Little Warley, Honorius 395–402 Issue; (4) ESS–38F58B; 3 3 MD, 2015
Essex BNJ 2016, 92
2892 Sible Hedingham, Honorius 395–402 Issue; (4) IARCH-16D2D1; 19 19 1 MD, 2005
Essex NC 2008, 37.
2893 Terling 1898, Uncertain – 395–402 Incomplete; IARCH-5D9E7F 30 30 Agric, 1898
Essex 4th century (1)
2894 St Pancras Honorius 395–402 Imitation; IARCH-C40465; 7 7 Other, 1950
(Window Box), (1) Rob. 1618
Greater London
2895 Billingsgate (City Honorius 395–402 Issue; (2) IARCH-CFDB1C; 241 241 Arch, 1975
of London) 1975, Rob. 1562
Greater London
(City)
2896 Principal Place Honorius 395–402 Issue; (4) IARCH-A1A26A; 19 114 134 2 Arch, 2011
(City of London), BNJ 2015, 51
Greater London
(City)
2897 Cranborne Clump Honorius 395–402 Issue; (3) IARCH-B48A2C 6 69 75 1 Unknown, 1996
(Wonston), Hants
2898 Micheldever, Honorius 395–402 Issue; (2) IARCH-37B6FB; 1,400 1,400 Other, 1843
Hants Rob. 1531
2899 Otterbourne I, Honorius 395–402 Issue; (3) IARCH-1D7C98; 543 543 1 MD, 1978
Hants Rob. 1532;
CHRB IX
2900 Otterbourne II, Honorius 395–402 Issue; (4) IARCH-9C6B0B; 160 160 1 MD, 1980
Hants Rob. 1533
2901 Silchester (Rampler Honorius 395–402 Issue; (4) IARCH-1FF8D7; 56 56 5 MD, 1985
Copse), Hants Rob. 1534 = 1535
2902 Thruxton, Hants Honorius 395–402 Issue; (4) IARCH-D0FEDF; 79 79 MD, 2014
GLO–794BD4; B
NJ 2015, 48
2903 West End Honorius 395–402 Issue; (2) IARCH-D18EB8; 1 53 54 1 Agric, 1869
(Allington), Hants Rob. 1536;
CHECKLIST OF HOARDS
B&L 236
2904 Whitchurch IV, Honorius 395–402 Issue; (4) IARCH-F28AB3; 48 48 MD, 1989
Hants CHRB IX
2905 Winchester Honorius 395–402 Unverified; IARCH-A2C231; 90 90 1 Arch, 1987
(St Bartholomew) (1) Rob. 1749A
1987, Hants
297
Table 4. Cont. 298
discovery
2906 Havenstreet and Honorius 395–402 Incomplete; IARCH-21B7F4; 6 6 Building, 1874

Ashey 1874, (2) Rob. 1537
Isle of Wight
2907 Havenstreet and Honorius 395–402 Issue; (3) IARCH-DBAB21; 9 1,147 1,156 3 MD, 1995
Ashey (Medina NC 1999, 31.
district) 1995,
Isle of Wight
2908 Lake (Sandown), Honorius 395–402 Issue; (2) IARCH-10AA25; 88 88 Unknown, 1942
2909 Shalfleet 2003, Honorius 395–402 Issue; (4) IARCH-6DB32B; 2 7 9 MD, 2003
Isle of Wight B&L 256
2910 Shanklin 1833, Honorius 395–402 Incomplete; IARCH-96AD4B; 1 605 606 1 Agric, 1833
2911 Shanklin 1995, Honorius 395–402 Issue; (2) IARCH-38B160 840 840 Unknown, 1995
Isle of Wight
2912 Shorwell V, Honorius 395–402 Issue; (4) IARCH-E552D6; 3 3 MD, 2010
Isle of Wight NC 2011.
2913 Ventnor 1860, Honorius 395–402 Incomplete; IARCH-248F74; 6 6 1 1 Building, 1860
2914 Canterbury Honorius 395–402 Issue; (2) IARCH-93CB57 59 59 Arch, 1978
(Marlowe Car Park
Area M I), Kent
2915 Canterbury Honorius 395–402 Issue; (3) IARCH-93F761 5 211 216 Arch, 1978
(Marlowe Car Park
Area M III), Kent
2916 Canterbury Honorius 395–402 Issue; (3) IARCH-940310 8 80 88 Arch, 1978
(Marlowe Car Park
Area MT), Kent
2917 Canterbury (Rose Honorius 395–402 Issue; (3) IARCH-94357A 5 112 117 Arch, 1978
Lane Site, Hoard
3), Kent
2918 Canterbury Honorius 395–402 Issue; (3) IARCH-9F49FF; 9 9 20 Building, 1962
(Westgate) 4, Rob. 1541
Kent
2919 Canterbury Honorius 395–402 Issue; (3) IARCH-EB7F53; 23 1 673 1 698 Arch, 2002
(Whitefriars), NC 2007, 52
Kent
2920 Gillingham Honorius 395–402 Issue; (2) IARCH-C02863; 722 722 1 Agric, 1905
1905, Kent Rob. 1542
2921 Gravesend, Kent Honorius 395–402 Incomplete; IARCH-4871AA; 2 58 60 Unknown, 1880
(2) Rob. 1542A
2922 Richborough Honorius 395–402 Incomplete; IARCH-158021; 4 360 364 Arch, 1928
(Area X), Kent (2) Rob. 1544
2923 Richborough Honorius 395–402 Incomplete; IARCH-C2700A; 5 90 95 2 Arch, 1930
(Pit180), Kent (3) Rob. 1547
2924 Richborough Honorius 395–402 Incomplete; IARCH-CDB127; 1 83 84 Arch, 1930
(Pit 220), Kent (3) Rob. 1546
2925 Richborough Honorius 395–402 Incomplete; IARCH-700856; 1 3 62 66 Arch, 1928
(Pit 98), Kent (3) Rob. 1545
2926 Richborough Honorius 395–402 Issue; (2) IARCH-F076A6; 12 1,195 1 1,208 46 Arch, 1926
(W Of Site I), Rob. 1543
Kent
2927 Richborough Honorius 395–402 Incomplete; IARCH-C35429; 8 3,992 4,000 Unknown, 1932
1932, Kent (2) Rob. 1551A
2928 Springhead Honorius 395–402 Issue; (3) IARCH-2F392B; 1 167 168 Building, 1925
(New Watling Rob. 1552
Street), Kent
2929 Wickhambreaux, Honorius 395–402 Issue; (3) IARCH-1B907F; 12 10 93 2 117 MD, 2003
Kent TAR 2003, 318
2930 Fleetwood Honorius 395–402 Issue; (3) IARCH-B89F98; 388 388 Other, 1840
1840, Lancs Rob. 382 = 1553
2931 Leicester (White Honorius 395–402 Incomplete; IARCH-9EC566; ? ? 1 Building, 1718
Friars), Leics (1) Rob. 1554
2932 Sproxton Honorius 395–402 Issue; (3) IARCH-B0ED8C; 99 99 1 Other, 1811
1811, Leics Rob. 1555
2933 Osbournby, Lincs Honorius 395–402 Issue; (4) IARCH-A1581A; 313 313 1 MD, 1979
Rob. 1559
2934 Deepdale (Barton Honorius 395–402 Issue; (4) IARCH-EF75AC; 1 260 260 1 Fieldwalking, 1979
upon Humber), Rob. 1556;
North Lincs B&L 378
2935 South Ferriby Honorius 395–402 Issue; (3) IARCH-1C7D3F; 228 228 1 1 Other, 1909
1909, North Lincs Rob. 1557
2936 East Carleton II, House of 395–402 Issue; (4) NMS–707227; 6 6 MD, 2015
Norfolk Theodosius BNJ 2016, 90
2937 Fincham 1801, Honorius 395–402 Issue; (3) IARCH-E79EBA; 7 7 1 Agric, 1801
Norfolk Rob. 1568
2938 Gressenhall, Honorius 395–402 Issue; (4) IARCH-C47AE2; 2 2 MD, 2012
2939 Letheringsett with Honorius 395–402 Issue; (4) IARCH-394897; 17 4 21 MD, 2009
Glandford, Norfolk BNJ 2015, 50
2940 Narborough, Honorius 395–402 Issue; (3) IARCH-FDC5F6; 5 5 MD, 1998
Norfolk NC 1999, 33.
2941 Quidenham Honorius 395–402 Issue; (3) IARCH-131013; 2 10 159 171 MD, 2009
(Breckland) 2009, NC 2011;
CHECKLIST OF HOARDS
Norfolk BNJ 2013, 84;

BNJ 2015, 47
2942 Southery, Norfolk Honorius 395–402 Issue; (3) IARCH-BA2F7C; 77 77 Unknown, 1874
Rob. 1466
2943 Thetford 2000, Honorius 395–402 Issue; (4) IARCH-A2E7A9; 4 4 MD, 2000
Norfolk NC 2001, 44.
299
Table 4. Cont. 300
discovery
2944 Wormegay Honorius 395–402 Issue; (3) IARCH-50E7A7; 10 10 MD, 2000

2000, Norfolk NC 2002, 28.
2945 Ketton, Rutland Honorius 395–402 Issue; (3) IARCH-76AD2F; 18 1,346 1,364 1 Agric, 2002
TAR 2003, 383.
2946 Whitwell, Rutland Honorius 395–402 Issue; (4) IARCH-F2CBD6; 2 1,091 1,093 1 MD, 1991
B&L 360; CHRB X
2947 Holway (Stoke Honorius 395–402 Incomplete; IARCH-DCEA03; 1,641 1,641 1 Agric, 1821
St Mary), Somerset (3) Rob. 1585
2948 Ilchester 1949b, Honorius 395–402 Incomplete; IARCH-CBB7FE; 57 57 2 Building, 1949
2949 Kingsdon, Honorius 395–402 Ruler; (2) SOM–9F1577; 3 282 285 MD, 2015
2950 Burgate, Suffolk Honorius 395–402 Issue; (4) IARCH-C79B6C; 1 208 209 12 MD, 1991
B&L 549; CHRB X
2951 Eyke 2015 (near Honorius 395–402 Issue; (4) SF–EDCE79; 6 6 MD, 2015
Woodbridge), BNJ 2016, 95;
Suffolk BNJ 2017
2952 Lakenheath 1982 Honorius 395–402 Issue; (3) IARCH-507bc6; 203 203 1 Agric, 1982
(Palmer’s Green), Rob. 1591
Suffolk
2953 Stonham Parva, Honorius 395–402 Issue; (3) IARCH-6CD20A; 13 13 MD, 2000
Suffolk NC 2001, 45.
2954 Stuston, Suffolk Honorius 395–402 Issue; (3) IARCH-DF3940; 32 32 MD, 1999
NC 2000, 37;
NC 2001, 40.
2955 Sweffling 2007 Honorius 395–402 Issue; (3) IARCH-A29F26; 4 117 121 MD, 2007
(Saxmundham), B&L 555
Suffolk
2956 Sweffling 2015b Honorius 395–402 Issue; (3) SF–883AC2; 45 1 46 MD, 2015
(Saxmundham), BNJ 2016, 94
Suffolk
2957 Tuddenham Honorius 395–402 Issue; (3) IARCH-35C19C; 114 114 1 1 Agric, 1938
St Martin, Rob. 1593
Suffolk
2958 West Row Honorius 395–402 Issue; (3) IARCH-6304B0; 212 212 MD, 1980
(Freckenham), Rob. 1587
Suffolk
2959 West Stow, Suffolk Honorius 395–402 Issue; (4) IARCH-340964; 11 11 MD, 2009
BNJ 2012, 50;
BNJ 2013, 81
2960 Worlington Honorius 395–402 Issue; (4) IARCH-31F5E5; 1 95 96 MD, 2001
(Mildenhall area), SF–4DB622;
Suffolk NC 2002, 29;
BNJ 2012, 51;
BNJ 2015, 52;
BNJ 2016, 96
2961 Elsted and Honorius 395–402 Issue; (3) IARCH-F718EE 2 2 MD, 2011
Treyford 2011b,
West Sussex
2962 Piercebridge Honorius 395–402 Issue; (3) IARCH-1F511E; 14 117 131 30 Arch, 1980
(Fort F1069), Rob. 1525A
Teesside
2963 Bishops Cannings, Honorius 395–402 Issue; (4) IARCH-C1B49E; 1 46 1,569 5,786 1 7,403 162 3 Fieldwalking, 1992
Wilts B&L 598; CHRB X
2964 Pewsey 2009, Honorius 395–402 Issue; (4) IARCH-3BA394; 44 44 MD, 2009
Wilts WILT–B53A45;
NC 2010; NC 2011;
BNJ 2013, 82;
BNJ 2016, 93
2965 Fladbury, Worcs Honorius 395–402 Incomplete; IARCH-B85E6C; 3 28 31 Building, 1935
(2) Rob. 1601
2966 Middleton, Honorius 395–402 Issue; (4) IARCH-43CBB3; 7 7 MD, 2011
2967 North Dalton IV, Honorius 395–402 Issue; (4) IARCH-55B096; 8 8 MD, 2010
2968 Spaldington, Honorius 395–402 Issue; (4) IARCH-5552AA; 14 14 MD, 2014
2969 Hovingham Park, Honorius 395–402 Issue; (4) IARCH-557BB3; 44 44 Other, 1980
2970 Hunmanby 2008, Honorius 395–402 Issue; (4) IARCH-CEA337; 75 10 85 1 MD, 2008
North Yorks NC 2009, 46.
2971 Hunmanby 2009, Honorius 395–402 Issue; (4) IARCH-5B4F4E 21 1 22 MD, 2009
North Yorks
2972 Tockwith (Cattal), Honorius 395–402 Issue; (4) IARCH-724285; 27 27 MD, 1993
CHRB X
2973 Whorlton, Honorius 395–402 Incomplete; IARCH-99716A; 38 38 9 1 Agric, 1810
2974 Traprain, Honorius 395–402 Ruler; (3) Rob. 1617 4 4 Arch, 1919
East Lothian
2975 Lanyon, Madron, Arcadius 395–408 Issue; (4) IARCH-801A7F; 2 2 Other, 1849
CHECKLIST OF HOARDS
Cornwall Rob. 1501A;

B&L 79
2976 Steeple Honorius 397–402 Issue; (3) IARCH-C74944; 7 7 MD, 2007
Bumpstead, Essex (emperor) NC 2009, 44;
BNJ 2012, 52;
BNJ 2014, 50
301
Table 4. Cont. 302
discovery
2977 Calbourne, House of 397–402 Issue; (4) IARCH-B80E81; 2 2 4 MD, 2011

Isle of Wight Theodosius BNJ 2012, 48
2978 Shapwick 1936 Honorius 397–402 Issue; (4) IARCH-4D71AF; 120 120 2 2 Agric, 1936
(Shapwick I), (emperor) Rob. 1584
Somerset
Periods 18–21. 348–402

2979 Princes Nummus, 355–402 Imitation; IARCH-FAE711; ? ? MD, 1977
Risborough, Bucks uncertain (1) HER 0428600000
ruler,
c. 330–402
2980 Harlton, Cambs Uncertain – 350–402 Poor cond; IARCH-331C85; ? ? MD, 2013
4th century (1) BNJ 2014, 52
2981 Southwark Uncertain 358–402 Incomplete; IARCH-682399; ? ? 1 Building, 1755
(Redcross St.), (1) Rob. 1649
Greater London
2982 Old Ford 1840, Uncertain 364–392 Unc/ IARCH-465795; 500 500 Gardening, 1840
Greater London (AD 260 – disputed; (1) Rob. 1373
402)
2983 Lullingstone Uncertain – 350–402 Unverified; IARCH-9533A3 ? ? 7 Arch, 1947
Roman villa VI 4th century (1)
(Eynsford), Kent
2984 Ancaster 1970, Uncertain – 355–402 Imitation; IARCH-E4F519 25 25 MD, 1970
Lincs 4th century (2)
2985 Gaywood (Kings Uncertain – 355–402 Incomplete; IARCH-DA5072; ? ? MD, 1993
Lynn), Norfolk 4th century (1) HER 31200
2986 Wood Meadow Uncertain – 350–402 Incomplete; IARCH-C17390; 40 40 Arch, 1950
Roman villa 4th century (1) HER L 9295;
(Thurgarton), HER 1759;
Notts Pastscape 319888
2987 Eriswell 1980, Uncertain – 355–402 Incomplete; IARCH-186F64 ? ? 4 Unknown, 1980
Suffolk 4th century (1)
2988 Leeds 1899, Uncertain – 350–402 Incomplete; IARCH-387756; 350 350 Building, 1899
West Yorks 4th century (1) Rob. 1639
Periods 19–21. 364–402

2989 Haddenham, Valentinian 375–392 Accumu- IARCH-844729; 31 31 9 MD, 1999

Bucks II lation; (2) HER 0676800000
2990 Willingham Valentinian 375–392 Issue; (2) IARCH-A23B69; 1,045 1,045 1 MD, 1993
1993, Cambs II HER 11781
2991 Richborough Valentinian 375–392 Issue; (2) IARCH-48DCDD; 12 12 Arch, 1937
1937a, Kent II Rob. 1456
2992 Great Rollright, Valentinian 375–392 Issue; (2) IARCH-6227C0; ? ? Unknown, 1900
Oxon II Rob. 1384
2993 Norton Valentinian 375–392 Issue; (4) IARCH-412DED; ? 12 12 Unknown, 1880
Fitzwarren, II Rob. 1457
Somerset
2994 West Kennet Valentinian 375–392 Issue; (2) IARCH-B7F5F3; ? ? Arch, 1962
(Avebury), Wilts II Rob. 1458
2995 Filey 1909, Valentinian 375–392 Issue; (2) IARCH-BBD190; ? ? 1 Agric, 1909
North Yorks II Rob. 1460
Periods 20–21. 378–402

2996 Cheltenham House of 378–395 Issue; (2) IARCH-9A2542; ? ? Unknown, 1840
(Whittington), Theodosius Rob. 1461
Glos
2997 Streatley 1931, House of 378–402 Issue; (2) IARCH-803440; 83 83 Unknown, 1931
Berks Theodosius Rob. 1626
2998 Uley 7, Glos House of 378–402 Incomplete; IARCH-829C9C; 683 683 Arch, 1977
Theodosius (1) HER 262
2999 Croydon (Park St), House of 378–402 Incomplete; IARCH-9B124F; ? ? Other, 1860
Greater London Theodosius (1) Rob. 1678
3000 Verulamium House of 378–402 Incomplete; IARCH-B15C46; 94 94 19 Arch, 1956
(Outside Town Theodosius (2) Rob. 1648
Wall), Herts
3001 Canterbury (7 House of 378–402 Incomplete; IARCH-334799 ? ? 1 Building, 1985
St George’s Street), Theodosius (1)
Kent
3002 Ickham 2, Kent House of 378–402 Incomplete; IARCH-6372AB ? ? Arch, 1974
Theodosius (4)
3003 Richborough House of 378–402 Incomplete; IARCH-F9CE9A; 74 74 Arch, 1924
(S Of Site III), Theodosius (2) Rob. 1631
Kent
3004 Alcester 1, Warks House of 378–402 Incomplete; IARCH-9272A9; 816 816 1 1 Building, 1638
Theodosius (1) Rob. 1622;
B&L 581
3005 Caerwent House of 378–402 Incomplete; IARCH-A20516; 250 250 Arch, 1904
(House XI S), Theodosius (1) Rob. 1640
Monmouthshire
3006 Charlton Mackrell Theodosius I 379–395 Incomplete; IARCH-442167; ? ? Other, 1845
(Kingweston) 1845, (1) Rob. 1467
Somerset
3007 Amesbury, Wilts Theodosius I 379–395 Issue; (2) IARCH-483E81; ? ? 3 1 Agric, 1843
CHECKLIST OF HOARDS
Rob. 1463
3008 Husthwaite, Theodosius I 379–395 Incomplete; IARCH-5118A6; 400 400 1 Building, 1901
3009 Godmanchester Arcadius 383–390 Unverified; IARCH-5BA6B1 36 36 Arch, 1989
1989, Cambs (2)
3010 Cosgrove, House of 383–392 Issue; (2) IARCH-C58E09; 60 60 1 Building, 1801
Northants Theodosius Rob. 1479
303
Table 4. Cont. 304
discovery
3011 Bath (Lansdown), Arcadius 383–402 Incomplete; IARCH-DBFD86; ? ? Agric, 1905

Bath and North (1) Pastscape 205009
East Somerset
3012 Silchester (1869), Arcadius 383–402 Issue; (2) IARCH-E48DE3; ? ? Arch, 1869
Hants Rob. 1491
3013 Caythorpe, Lincs House of 383–402 Issue; (2) IARCH-E2F5D8; 15 1 16 2 Agric, 1854
Theodosius Rob. 1511
3014 South Ferriby House of 383–402 Issue; (2) IARCH-A1AF5B; ? ? 1 Unknown, 1958
1958, North Lincs Theodosius Rob. 1507
3015 Heytesbury, Wilts Arcadius 383–402 Issue; (2) IARCH-19777D 10 10 1 Arch, 1800
3016 Buxton 1975, Arcadius 383–408 Accumu- IARCH-77FFCD 249 249 4 Building, 1975
Derbys lation; (3)
3017 Dean Hall Arcadius 383–408 Issue; (2) IARCH-145D5D; 115 115 Arch, 1987
(Littledean), Glos Rob. 1502A
Period 22. 402–45

3018 Boscombe Down Arcadius 402–403 Issue; (4) IARCH-8611D7; 8 8 1 MD, 1990
(Amesbury), Wilts Rob. 1498A ;
B&L 597; CHRB IX
3019 Maiden Castle Honorius 402–406 Issue; (4) IARCH-EC3F16; 4 4 1 Arch, 1934
(Temple), Dorset (emperor) Rob. 1524 ;
B&L 149
3020 Ashdon (Uttlesford Honorius 402–406 Issue; (4) IARCH-95FB42; 7 32 1 40 1 MD, 2007
district), Essex (emperor) B&L 181
3021 Stubbington, Honorius 402–406 Issue; (4) IARCH-EF718E; 4 4 MD, 2006
Hants (emperor) B&L 235
3022 Great Glemham, Honorius 402–406 Issue; (4) IARCH-91A2D9; 8 8 MD, 2008
Suffolk (emperor) B&L 551A
3023 Stanchester Honorius 402–406 Issue; (4) IARCH-29BE38; 3 1,199 1 1,203 1 1 MD, 2000
(Wilcot), Wilts (emperor) B&L 601
3024 Kirby Knowle, Honorius 402–406 Issue; (4) IARCH-209573; 3 7 10 MD, 1996
North Yorks (emperor) B&L 640
3025 Terling 1824, Honorius 404–408 Issue; (3) IARCH-B5E1D0; 30 314 344 2 2 Other, 1824
Essex (emperor) Rob. 1528;
B&L 185
3026 Tower (City of Honorius 404–408 Issue; (3) IARCH-398128; 3 ? 1 Building, 1777
London), Greater (emperor) Rob. 1565;

London (City) B&L 404
3027 Whittington 2007, House of 406–408 Issue; (4) IARCH-3B0631; 8 8 MD, 2007
Northumberland Theodosius PATAR 2007, 527.
3028 Haynes, Beds Constantine 407–408 Issue; (4) IARCH-A81B05; 459 459 13 MD, 1997
III NC 1999, 38.
3029 Good Easter, Constantine 407–408 Issue; (4) IARCH-DB25A1; 16 16 MD, 1998
Essex III B&L 183
3030 Stanmore Park Constantine 407–408 Issue; (2) IARCH-627C8C; 40 40 4 Agric, 1781
(Bentley), Greater III Rob. 1619;
London B&L 409
3031 Sandridge, Herts Honorius 407–408 Issue; (4) IARCH-AB1057; 159 159 MD, 2012
(emperor) BNJ 2013, 86
3032 Eye, Suffolk Constantine 407–408 Issue; (2) IARCH-DE7B95; 600 600 1 Other, 1781
III Rob. 1620;
B&L 550
3033 Hoxne 1992, Constantine 407–408 Issue; (4) IARCH-AB6467; 580 14,630 24 15,101 399 1 MD, 1992
Suffolk III Rob. 1620A;
B&L 554
3034 Little Busby Constantine 407–408 Issue; (4) IARCH-BA2E21; 39 39 MD, 2012
(Stokesley), III BNJ 2013, 85
North Yorks
3035 Ballinrees Constantine 407–408 Issue; (3) Rob. 1621; 1,983 1,983 6 Agric, 1854
(Coleraine), Co III Bateson 1973, 1
Londonderry
Period 23. 445–98

3036 Patching 1997, Severus III 461–470 Issue; (4) IARCH-E33692; 23 27 50 31 MD, 1997
West Sussex B&L 569
3036A Chatham Lines, Anthemius 467-72 Issue; (3) Blackburn 1988 3 1 4 many Arch, 1779
Kent
3037 Oxborough Julius Nepos 474–475 Issue; (4) IARCH-234A57; 2 1 3 1 MD, 2001
2001, Norfolk B&L 445
Period 24. 498–602

3038 Kingston upon Justinian I 527–565 Issue; (2) IARCH-F539EA; 13 13 Unknown, 1848
Thames 1848, B&L 860
Greater London
3039 Doncaster 1921, Justinian I 527–565 Issue; (2) IARCH-799A60 40 40 Unknown, 1921
South Yorks
3040 Canterbury Justin II 565–578 Issue; (3) IARCH-B2503A; 6 6 2 Unknown, 1844
(St Martin’s B&L 789
Cemetery), Kent
Period 25. 602–

3041 Crondall 1828, Anglo–Saxon 602–645 Issue; (4) IARCH-927F66; 101 101 3 Unknown, 1828
Hants B&L 858
CHECKLIST OF HOARDS
3042 Largo (Norrie’s Uncertain 650 Incomplete; Rob. 1911 3 3 16 Other, 1819
Law), Fife (2)
3043 Horndean Constantine 674–681 Incomplete; IARCH-DF4125; 4 4 MD, 1997
1997, Hants IV (4) B&L 859
305
Table 5. Uncertain 306
No. Location Ruler Latest Reason Reference Coins Objects Con- Method and
discovery
3044 Brockley, North Somerset Uncertain 17 bc–ad 260 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-DE00E6; Rob. 4 274 2 1 Building, 1808
3045 Runton, Norfolk Uncertain – 1st/2nd 1–100 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-B43D51; HER 6381 ? Unknown, 1942
Century AD
3046 Ashford, Kent Uncertain 1–150 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-476915; B&L 331 18 4 Building, 1929
3047 Stanwick, Northants Uncertain – 1st/2nd 1–150 Accumulation; (1) IARCH-9A1B77; 500 Arch, 1984
Century AD Pastscape 347335
3048 Walbrook (City of London), Uncertain – 1st/2nd 1–160 Accumulation; (2) IARCH-C8BD2D; HER 040871 ? Arch, 1955
Greater London (City) Century AD
3049 Lochar Moss (Torthorwald), Uncertain – 1st/2nd 1–200 Incomplete; (2) RCS 12, p. 165 16 Other, 1867
Dumfries and Galloway Century AD
3050 Pleasley (Shirebrook), Uncertain – 1st–mid 1–250 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-145A5D; Rob. 954 ? Agric, 1770
Derbys 3rd century
3051 East London, Uncertain – 1st–mid 1–250 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-D9CC8F; Rob. 959 ? Building, 1804
Greater London 3rd century
3052 Aldersgate Street Uncertain – 1st–mid 1–250 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-E0B139; Rob. 958 ? 1 Unknown, 1850
(City of London), 3rd century
Greater London (City)
3053 Sandown, Isle of Wight Uncertain – 1st–mid 1–250 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-0B1B33 48 1 MD, 1976
3rd century
3054 East Kirkby, Lincs Uncertain – 1st–mid 1–250 Poor cond; (1) IARCH-A0D3EC; NC 2011 ? MD, 2008
3rd century
3055 Wroxeter 1859, Salop Uncertain – 1st–mid 1–250 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-7039C8; Rob. 355 ? 1 Other, 1859
3rd century
3056 Birmingham (Jackson Uncertain – 1st–mid 1–250 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-F6A171; ? Gardening, 1919
Road), West Midlands 3rd century Pastscape 871083
3057 York (Guildhall 1), Uncertain – 1st–mid 1–250 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-FF5C6B; Rob. 965 200 Unknown, 1868
City of York 3rd century
3058 Bempton, East Yorks Uncertain – 1st–mid 1–250 Poor cond; (1) IARCH-B06AE8; BNJ 2014, 30 ? MD, 2013
3rd century
3059 Gogmagog Hills Uncertain – 1st–mid 1–269 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-66C623; Rob. 952 ? 1 Unknown, 1731
(Stapleford), Cambs 3rd century
3060 Hemingford Abbots, Uncertain 50–200 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-1ACA5D; ? 1 Unknown, 1870
Cambs Rob. 21; B&L 50
3061 Bury St Edmunds area Uncertain – 1st/2nd 50–200 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-9170D6; Rob. 356 60 Unknown, 1978
1978, Suffolk Century AD
3062 Caergwrle, Llanfynydd, Uncertain 54–402 Accumulation; (2) IARCH-623271; Rob. 1885; 23 13 Unknown, 1828
Flintshire
3063 Whaplode (Crowland) Uncertain 69–296 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-A658C3; Rob. 1874 ? 1 Unknown, 1724
1758, Lincs
3064 Whitton (Castle Hill), Uncertain 69–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-62F9DD; Rob. 1880 ? Unknown, 1870
Suffolk
3065 Piercebridge (Tees 2), Uncertain 70–350 Accumulation; 4 IARCH-E1C39A 1,021 MD, 1986
Teesside
3066 Winkfield, Berks Uncertain – 1st/2nd 98–200 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-3501B1; ? 1 Unknown, 1986
Century AD
3067 Gresham Street (City of Uncertain 98–200 Poor cond; (2) IARCH-67A383; BNJ 2012, 24 13 3 1 Arch, 2006
London), Greater London
(City)
3068 Wanborough 1858, Surrey Uncertain – 1st/2nd 98–200 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-FE7BFD; ? 2 Other, 1858
Century AD Pastscape 250554
3069 Norton (Whilton), Uncertain – 1st–mid 98–300 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-99CFE7; 40 1 Arch, 1956
Northants 3rd century HER 895/0/28 – MNN26669
3070 Hemingstone, Suffolk Uncertain Roman 98–300 Incomplete; (2) IARCH-26EE75 ? Unknown, 1948
Provincial
3071 Tiddington, Stratford Uncertain 98–380 Unc/disputed; (1) IARCH-C934E0; Rob. 1652 ? Unknown, 1846
on Avon 1846, Warks
3072 Feltwell, Norfolk Uncertain – 1st–mid 117–260 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-E83896; Rob. 234 300 Agric, 1868
3rd century
3073 Hastings 1840, East Sussex House of Constantine 117–361 Unc/disputed; (1) IARCH-922E8B; 30 1 Unknown, 1840
Pastscape 417228
3074 St Just in Penwith, Uncertain – 1st–mid 138–222 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-476793; Rob. 220 100 Agric, 1737
Cornwall 3rd century
3075 Dalwood Down, Uncertain – 1st–mid 138–222 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-931CCC; Rob. 221 ? Agric, 1837
Widworthy, Devon 3rd century
3076 Llantysilio, Denbighshire Uncertain – 1st–mid 138–222 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-B56427; Rob. 225 ? Unknown, 1699
3rd century
3077 Gedney, Lincs Antoninus Pius 138–402 Unc/disputed; (1) IARCH-D83BAD; Rob. 222 ? Agric, 1720
3078 Dordon (Polesworth), Antonine (uncertain) 145–176 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-13E804; Rob. 277 ? Unknown, 1849
Warks
3079 Edmonton (Haslebury), Uncertain – 1st/2nd 150–200 Unverified; (1) IARCH-F43840; Rob. 366 ? Other, 1929
Greater London Century AD
3080 Capheaton, Uncertain – 1st–mid 150–300 Ruler; (1) IARCH-9D33B7; Rob. 1784 ? 9 Agric, 1747
Northumberland 3rd century
3081 Burton Wood, Derbys Uncertain 193–337 Unc/disputed; (1) IARCH-9F9A6F; Rob. 299A 70 1 Agric, 1769
3082 Bluntisham cum Earith, Uncertain – 200–296 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-EF4CD9; Rob. 968 ? Arch, 1954
Cambs 3rd century
3083 Langton Matravers II, Uncertain – 200–296 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-5B0D21; Rob. 1695 ? 1 Building, 1842
Dorset 3rd century
3084 Lakenheath 1932, Suffolk Uncertain – 200–296 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-DA19AC; Rob. 970 30 1 Agric, 1932
3rd century
3085 Selby, North Yorks Uncertain – 200–296 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-50D53A; Rob. 971 ? Unknown, 1870
3rd century
3086 Bawtry Bridge, South Yorks Uncertain – 200–296 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-BE1F07; ? Building, 1840
3rd century Pastscape 321031
CHECKLIST OF HOARDS
3087 Marr Grange (Holt), Uncertain 200–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-C5DD92; ? Unknown, ?
South Yorks (AD 260 – 402) HER 03396/01; HER 03387/01
3088 Godmanchester 1972, 3rd century radiate 230–300 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-1493A6; 100 MD, 1972
Cambs
3089 Ryemead (High Wycombe) Uncertain – 240–400 Unc/disputed; (1) IARCH-FC7692; 190 1 Other, 1985
1985, Bucks 4th century HER 0546900000
307
Table 5. Cont. 308
discovery
3090 Croydon (Waddon) 1814, Radiate, Uncertain 250–296 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-5EE9A4; 36 Building, 1814
Greater London Ruler 260–296 HER 020599/00/00 – MLO140;
Pastscape 404042
3091 Sutton (Forton), Uncertain – 250–300 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-CDCDD3 68 Unknown, 1992
Staffordshire 3rd century
3092 Fenny Stratford, Bucks, Uncertain 250–350 Ruler; (1) IARCH-1CCEAE ? 1,850 3 MD, 1990
Milton Keynes (AD 260 – 402)
3093 Walkington Wold, Honorius (emperor) 250–402 Accumulation; (2) IARCH-98664F; HER 3650 726 Arch, 1967
East Yorks
3094 Devizes, Wilts Uncertain 260–340 Unc/disputed; (1) IARCH-9678D3; Rob. 1211 200 1 Agric, 1699
(AD 260 – 402)
3095 Twyn y Parc (Bodorgan), Uncertain 260–350 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-9914CC; ? Arch, 1936
Isle of Anglesey (AD 260 – 402)
3096 Brislington, Bristol House of Constantine 260–361 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-FD4791; Rob. 1286 23 1 Unknown, 1829
3097 Exeter (Broad Clyst), Uncertain 260–361 Poor cond; (1) IARCH-B70C78; BNJ 2014, 45 10 MD, 2008
Devon (AD 260 – 402)
3098 Riddlesworth, Norfolk Uncertain 260–364 Poor cond; (1) IARCH-761E18; HER 36076 ? MD, 2001
(AD 260 – 402)
3099 Duston 1854, Northants Uncertain 260–380 Unverified; (1) IARCH-96EE79; Rob. 1440 37 1 Unknown, 1854
(AD 260 – 402)
3100 Aston Clinton 1993, Bucks Uncertain 260–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-FA53BA; ? MD, 1993
(AD 260 – 402) HER 0590000000
3101 Chrishall (Fowlmere), Uncertain 260–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-3C4AB6; Rob. 1657 ? Arch, 1854
Cambs (AD 260 – 402)
3102 Somersham 1731, Cambs Uncertain 260–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-4CEC85; Rob. 1665 60 4 2 Agric, 1731
(AD 260 – 402)
3103 Lanhydrock, Cornwall Uncertain 260–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-2AD456; Rob. 1694 ? Unknown, 1830
3104 Maenporth (Falmouth), Uncertain 260–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-2327E2; Penhallurick 116 250 1 Other, 1822
Cornwall (AD 260 – 402)
3105 Kepier (Belmont), Uncertain 260–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-8DFDB7; Rob. 1662 ? Agric, 1780
County Durham (AD 260 – 402)
3106 Parwich 1849, Derbys Uncertain 260–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-63C3C4; Rob. 1658 80 Other, 1849
(AD 260 – 402)
3107 Dunchideock, Devon Uncertain 260–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-E13AA9; Rob. 1659 ? Other, 1816
(AD 260 – 402)
3108 South Tawton, Devon Uncertain 260–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-821F3D; Rob. 1660 ? Unknown, 1891
(AD 260 – 402)

3109 Preston 1816, Dorset Uncertain 260–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-774E2D; Rob. 1661 ? 1 Agric, 1816
(AD 260 – 402)
3110 Southwark (Borough Uncertain 260–402 Ruler; (1) IARCH-A79A40; Rob. 1668 ? 1 Building, 1825
High Street), (AD 260 – 402)
Greater London
3111 Andover (Clanville), Hants Uncertain 260–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-3ED4F1; Rob. 1745 ? 1 1 Arch, 1897
(AD 260 – 402)
3112 Dummer, Hants Uncertain 260–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-9353D0; HER 18755 106 Arch, 1968
(AD 260 – 402)
3113 Lymington, Hants Uncertain 260–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-BD63E3; Rob. 1663 ? 2 Unknown, 1744
(AD 260 – 402)
3114 Norley Wood (Boldre), Uncertain 260–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-958749; Rob. 1663A ? Unknown, 1744
Hants (AD 260 – 402)
3115 Upton Grey, Hants Uncertain 260–402 Imitation; (1) IARCH-0CEA43; ? 1 Other, 1900
(AD 260 – 402)
3116 Goodrich, Herefs Uncertain 260–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-A31011; Rob. 1664 ? Unknown, 1817
(AD 260 – 402)
3117 Canterbury (Westgate) 1, Uncertain 260–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-B2236F; Rob. 1666 ? Gardening, 1759
Kent
3118 Chorley (Whittle) 1835, Uncertain 260–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-FE41A5; Rob. 1667 1,000 Other, 1835
Lancs (AD 260 – 402)
3119 Langtoft, Lincs Uncertain 260–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-3D5851; Rob. 1696 1,000 1 Unknown, 1820
(AD 260 – 402)
3120 Liverpool (Otterspool 2), Uncertain 260–402 Unc/disputed; (1) IARCH-B74F4C; Rob. 1635 ? Building, 1863
Merseyside
3121 Ditchingham, Norfolk Uncertain 260–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-5AFB4C; Rob. 1636 1,000 1 Agric, 1812
(AD 260 – 402)
3122 Ketteringham, Norfolk Uncertain 260–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-6A797C; Rob. 1637 12 Unknown, 1908
(AD 260 – 402)
3123 Towcester 1746, Northants Uncertain 260–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-58474A; Rob. 1670; ? Other, 1746
(AD 260 – 402)
3124 Shireoaks (Worksop), Notts Uncertain 260–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-6F72A7; Rob. 1673 ? Unknown, 1850
(AD 260 – 402)
3125 Thurgarton, Notts Uncertain 260–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-9BD705; Rob. 1671 ? Building, 1790
(AD 260 – 402)
3126 Wilford (Clifton North) Uncertain 260–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-F008A6; Rob. 1672 ? Unknown, 1750
1750, Notts (AD 260 – 402)
3127 Letcombe Regis, Oxon Uncertain 260–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-732F30; Rob. 1656; ? 3 Agric, 1750
(AD 260 – 402) B&L 498
3128 Batheaton, Somerset Uncertain 260–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-375D26; Rob. 1674 ? Unknown, 1600
(AD 260 – 402)
3129 Ham Hill 1853, Somerset Uncertain 260–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-AEE3F3; Rob. 1675 ? 1 Unknown, 1853
(AD 260 – 402)
3130 Blyford, Suffolk Uncertain 260–402 Poor cond; (1) IARCH-F12660 9 MD, 2008
(AD 260 – 402)
3131 Orford and Aldeburgh, Uncertain 260–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-26153D; Rob. 1743 ? Other, 1742
CHECKLIST OF HOARDS
between, Suffolk (AD 260 – 402)

3132 Nutfield (Bletchingley), Uncertain 260–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-23884C; Rob. 1680 800 1 Agric, 1755
Surrey (AD 260 – 402)
3133 Westhumble, Surrey Uncertain 260–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-6815ED; Rob. 1679 ? Agric, 1700
(AD 260 – 402)
3134 Chichester 1886, Uncertain 260–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-324DD4; Rob. 1697; ? Unknown, 1886
West Sussex (AD 260 – 402)
309
Table 5. Cont. 310
discovery
3135 Steyning, West Sussex Uncertain 260–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-3FB122; Rob. 1681 50 1 Other, 1826
(AD 260 – 402)
3136 Offchurch 1876, Warks Uncertain 260–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-A0EC90; Rob. 1653 ? Unknown, 1876
(AD 260 – 402)
3137 Avebury 1870, Wilts Uncertain 260–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-9749AB; Rob. 1698 ? Agric, 1870
3138 Bishopstrow 1790, Wilts Uncertain 260–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-BF2619; Rob. 1699 ? 3 Unknown, 1790
(AD 260 – 402)
3139 Bishopstrow 1791, Wilts Uncertain 260–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-EB2826; Rob. 1682 ? 2 Agric, 1791
(AD 260 – 402)
3140 Castle Combe, Wilts Uncertain 260–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-2829F3; Rob. 1684 300 Agric, 1825
(AD 260 – 402)
3141 Lacock 1990b, Wilts Uncertain 260–402 Poor cond; (2) IARCH-27C809; 15 MD, 1990
(AD 260 – 402)
3142 Hagley, Worcs Uncertain 260–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-6A97EB; Rob. 1685 ? 1 Unknown, 1770
(AD 260 – 402)
3143 Northallerton, North Yorks Uncertain 260–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-8E7714; Rob. 1686 ? 1 Unknown, 1788
(AD 260 – 402)
3144 Bentley 1965 (Pipering Uncertain 260–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-B8C306; Rob. 977 ? Building, 1965
Lane), South Yorks (AD 260 – 402)
3145 St Ninians (Sauchie), Uncertain 260–402 Incomplete; (1) Rob. 1693 ? Unknown, 1946
Stirlingshire
3146 Llandybie, Uncertain 260–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-8B3AEF; Rob. 1689; ? Unknown, 1736
Carmarthenshire (AD 260 – 402) G&W 636
3147 Glasfryn (Cerrigydrudion), Uncertain 260–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-9BE7C3; Rob. 1702 ? 1 Other, 1800
Conwy (AD 260 – 402)
3148 Holyhead 1837, Uncertain 260–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-5B2D79; Rob. 1687 ? 1 Unknown, 1837
Isle of Anglesey
3149 Caerwent 1700, Uncertain 260–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-C23FD4; Rob. 1691 ? Unknown, 1700
Monmouthshire (AD 260 – 402)
3150 Caerwent 1740, Uncertain 260–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-7B5C2C; G&W 99 ? 1 1 Unknown, 1740
Monmouthshire (AD 260 – 402)
3151 Cefnydre, Pembrokeshire Uncertain 260–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-C81690; Rob. 1692 ? Unknown, 1850
(AD 260 – 402)
3152 Pen y Gaer (Llanfihangel Uncertain 260–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-6D0601; Rob. 1688 ? Unknown, 1800
Cwmdu), Powys (AD 260 – 402)
3153 Haddenham (Upper Uncertain 268–345 Incomplete; (2) IARCH-1E7BDB ? 2 Arch, 1953
Delphs) III, Cambs

3154 West Wickham, Cambs House of Constantine 268–361 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-93CA9A; Rob. 1031 ? Unknown, 1862
3155 Littleport 2014, Cambs Uncertain 271–400 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-860E22; HER 02090 ? 1 Unknown, ?
(AD 260 – 402)
3156 Duston St James 1869, Uncertain 275–402 Imitation; (1) IARCH-D31C0A; Rob. 1638 ? Unknown, 1869
Northants (AD 260 – 402)
3157 Housesteads (hoard 3), Uncertain (AD 260 – 402) 275–402 Imitation; (1) IARCH-36FE25 ? 1 Arch, 1974
Northumberland
3158 Langton Matravers I, Uncertain (AD 260 – 402) 286–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-6E9722; ? 1 Agric, 1817
Dorset NT SMR: 112208*0;
Pastscape 456405
3159 Nantwich (Wall Lane), Uncertain – 4th century 300–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-4B1AF8; Rob. 1284 15 Building, 1849
Cheshire
3160 Middleton in Teesdale Uncertain – 4th century 300–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-93C3C4; Rob. 1645 12 Unknown, 1844
(Holwick), County Durham
3161 Plymouth 1900, Devon Uncertain – 4th century 300–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-104C3C; Rob. 1643 ? Unknown, 1990
3162 Holland on Sea, Essex Uncertain – 4th century 300–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-722722; Pastscape 389500 ? Unknown, ?
3163 Kelvedon, Essex Uncertain – 4th century 300–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-01FBFC; ? Arch, 1977
3164 Kingscote 1973, Glos Uncertain – 4th century 300–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-8303D9; ? Arch, 1973
3165 Bitton, South Glos Uncertain – 4th century 300–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-BD9FBD; ? Unknown, 1881
Pastscape 200844; HER 19145
3166 Wickwar, South Glos Uncertain 300–402 Unverified; (1) IARCH-97549B; HER 19244 ? Unknown, 2010
3167 Highgate 1900, Uncertain – 4th century 300–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-CB696A; Rob. 1650 ? Building, 1900
Greater London
3168 Stainland, West Yorks Uncertain – 4th century 300–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-A97D4D; Rob. 1855 ? Unknown, 1700
3169 Marford, Gresford, Uncertain – 4th century 300–402 Unc/disputed; (1) IARCH-7B5222; Rob. 1655; 433 Gardening, 1887
Wrexham
3170 Salford Priors, Warks Uncertain (AD 260 – 402) 337–395 Accumulation; 3 IARCH-C1C022 96 Arch, 1993
3171 Hougham Without Uncertain – 4th century 360–1066 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-B59848; Rob. 1894 300 1 Unknown, 1780
(Dover) 1780, Kent
3172 Littleport 2002, Cambs Uncertain 43–100 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-5ACD6E; HER CB15276 ? 1 1 MD, 2002
3173 Wimbledon Common, Uncertain – 1st/2nd 43–200 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-655A52; Rob. 964 ? 1 1 Arch, 1865
Greater London Century AD
3174 Milkstone and Deeplish, Uncertain – 1st/2nd 43–200 Issue; (2) IARCH-87EAB7; Rob. 9 ? Unknown, 1800
Rochdale, Greater Century AD
Manchester
3175 Long Crendon, Bucks Uncertain 43–260 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-102125; Rob. 40; ? 1 Unknown, 1831
3176 Widdington, Essex Uncertain – 1st–mid 43–260 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-7DCCFC; Rob. 955 ? Unknown, 1827
3rd century
3177 Minchinhampton, Glos Uncertain – 1st–mid 43–260 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-CA2BE6; Rob. 956 ? Unknown, 1904
3rd century
3178 Manchester (Castlefield), Uncertain – 1st–mid 43–260 Unc/disputed; (1) IARCH-DDF883; Rob. 957 ? 1 Unknown, 1840
Greater Manchester 3rd century
3179 Carisbrooke (Newport) Uncertain – 1st–mid 43–260 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-0A9A63 ? 2 Building, 1968
1968, Isle of Wight 3rd century
3180 Shepton Mallet 1880, Uncertain – 1st–mid 43–260 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-F1E68F; Rob. 962 100 1 Unknown, 1880
Somerset 3rd century
CHECKLIST OF HOARDS
3181 Yatton, North Somerset Uncertain 43–260 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-FA2C2C; Rob. 1676 ? 1 Unknown, 1851
3182 Grindale (Argam), Uncertain – 1st–mid 43–260 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-bcB719; Rob. 1839 ? Other, 1869
East Yorks 3rd century
3183 Petercoulter, Aberdeenshire Uncertain 43–260 Incomplete; (1) Rob. 966 ? Other, 1726
3184 Birrens 1895, Dumfries Uncertain 43–260 Incomplete; (1) Hunter 2015; Macdonald & ? Arch, 1895
and Galloway Barbour 1897, 14
311
Table 5. Cont. 312
discovery
3185 Possil Marsh; Glasgow, Uncertain 43–260 Incomplete; (1) Rob. 1868A 290 Other, 1911
Glasgow
3186 Croydon (Pitlake), Uncertain – 1st–mid 43–296 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-2526AE; Rob. 963 ? Building, 1903
Greater London 3rd century
3187 Hinderclay, Suffolk Uncertain 43–300 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-818AC1; B&L 553 ? Unknown, 1935
3188 Nettleton (Building IX), Uncertain 43–350 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-E3E018; 45 Arch, 1956
Wilts
3189 King’s Park, Clapton, Uncertain 43–361 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-FEA8F9; Rob. 1875 ? 1 Other, 1783
Greater London
3190 Evenley 1826, Northants Uncertain 43–361 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-DDEF65; Rob. 1876 ? Agric, 1826
3191 Bathford, Bath and Uncertain 43–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-9303E7; Rob. 1796 ? 1 Unknown, 1691
North East Somerset
3192 Bristol (Temple Cloud), Uncertain 43–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-FC748F; Rob. 1797 ? 1 Agric, 1700
Bath and North East Somerset
3193 Arlesey, Beds Uncertain 43–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-A6A4C0; HER 390; ? Unknown, 1972
Pastscape 362420
3194 Astwick, Beds Uncertain 43–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-D2C6B7; HER 504; ? Unknown, 1850
Pastscape 365609
3195 Compton 1830, Berks Uncertain 43–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-8D0A0B; Rob. 1704 ? 1 Unknown, 1830
3196 Speen (Stockcross), Berks Uncertain 43–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-21CAC0; Rob. 1705 ? 1 Other, 1835
3197 Bristol 1874, Bristol Uncertain 43–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-4E1929; Rob. 1798 1,000 1 Unknown, 1869
3198 Hughenden 1826, Bucks Uncertain 43–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-C06BD3; Rob. 1707 ? 1 Agric, 1826
3199 Wing 1900, Bucks Uncertain 43–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-F9D5A3; ? 1 Agric, 1900
HER 0109901000; Pastscape 344563
3200 Stony Stratford (White Uncertain 43–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-F8660C; B&L 32 ? 1 Building, 1950
Swan), Bucks, Milton Keynes
3201 Cottenham 1972, Cambs Uncertain 43–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-970387; HER MCB16023 16 MD, 1972
3202 Elm 1940, Cambs Uncertain 43–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-1FE0F5; Rob. 1710 ? 1 Agric, 1940
3203 Isleham 1978, Cambs Uncertain 43–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-B4FEA3; B&L 51 ? Unknown, 1978
3204 Maltmas (Elm), Cambs Uncertain 43–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-7FF1C0; Rob. 1708 ? 1 Unknown, 1910
3205 March III, Cambs Uncertain 43–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-F87E7A; Rob. 1709 ? 1 Unknown, 1820
3206 Northampton to Uncertain 43–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-5346F1; Rob. 1669 ? 2 Other, 1843
Peterborough railway, Cambs
3207 Ramsey 1721, Cambs Uncertain 43–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-B7D601; Rob. 1750A ? Unknown, 1721
3208 Willingham 1902, Cambs Uncertain 43–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-FEF06A; Rob. 1711 ? 1 Unknown, 1902
3209 Nantwich (Marsh Lane), Uncertain 43–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-B5ABA6; Rob. 1713 12 Unknown, 1881
Cheshire
3210 Bude–Stratton, Cornwall Uncertain 43–402 Unc/disputed; (1) IARCH-23774B; Penhallurick 117 130 Other, 1890
3211 Camelford (near Padstow), Uncertain 43–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-2B8585; Rob. 1716 ? 1 Unknown, 1577
Cornwall
3212 Carn Brea I, Cornwall Uncertain 43–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-14FFF4; Rob. 1717 ? Unknown, 1745
3213 Carn Brea III, Cornwall Uncertain 43–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-BE74CF; Rob. 1718 ? Unknown, 1920
3214 Gwinear 1820, Cornwall Uncertain 43–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-9BA95B; Rob. 1714 ? Agric, 1820
3215 Nanskeval (Mawgan in Uncertain 43–402 Unc/disputed; (1) IARCH-CAB99F; Rob. 1887 ? 1 Unknown, 1821
Pydar), Cornwall
3216 Paul 1723, Cornwall Uncertain 43–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-474010; Rob. 1888 ? 1 Agric, 1723
3217 Stratton, Cornwall Uncertain 43–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-41D4CC; Rob. 1889 ? Unknown, 1769
3218 Treryn (St Levan), Cornwall Uncertain 43–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-94C353; Rob. 1719; ? 1 Other, 1500
3219 Tresco, Cornwall, Unspecified ruler 43–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-8DCB85; Penhallurick 279 ? MD, 1980
Isles of Scilly (contemporary copy)
3220 Beaumont, Cumbria Uncertain 43–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-2914EB; Rob. 1720 ? Building, 1819
3221 Bewcastle II, Cumbria Uncertain 43–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-22ADB3; Rob. 1721 ? Unknown, 1850
3222 Carlisle I, Cumbria Uncertain 43–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-543E58; Rob. 1722 ? Unknown, 1700
3223 Carlisle III, Cumbria Uncertain 43–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-FB7287; Rob. 953 200 Building, 1887
3224 Killington, Cumbria Uncertain 43–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-7CCD1A; Rob. 1826 ? 1 Unknown, 1820
3225 Maiden Castle (Stainmore), Uncertain 43–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-2CEC7A; Rob. 1825 ? Unknown, 1848
Cumbria
3226 Millom, Cumbria Uncertain 43–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-E25E59; Rob. 1724 ? 2 Unknown, 1759
3227 Scathwaite (Egton with 43–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-9B3365; B&L 125 150 1 Other, 1620
Newland), Cumbria
3228 Buxton 1890, Derbys Uncertain 43–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-A39bc3; Rob. 1726 12 Unknown, 1890
3229 Fenny Bentley, Derbys Uncertain 43–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-B32783; Rob. 1727 ? 1 Unknown, 1700
3230 Reynard’s Cave Uncertain 43–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-4A0725 ? Other, 1900
(Tissington), Derbys
3231 Whitwell, Derbys Uncertain 43–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-3F6D8C ? 2 Unknown, 1857
3232 Exmoor 1799, Devon Uncertain 43–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-A29F8B; Rob. 1728 ? Unknown, 1799
3233 Membury 1833, Devon Uncertain 43–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-D809B6; Rob. 1729 ? Unknown, 1833
3234 Offwell, Devon Uncertain 43–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-166902; Rob. 1730 ? 1 Unknown, 1891
3235 Poltimore, Devon Uncertain 43–402 Unc/disputed; (1) IARCH-E9490D; Rob. 1731 ? Agric, 1838
3236 Uplyme, Devon Uncertain 43–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-52AA55; Rob. 1732 ? 1 Agric, 1833
3237 Dorchester (Somerleigh Uncertain 43–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-C1B10A; Rob. 1733 ? Arch, 1966
Court) 1, Dorset
3238 Puncknowle 1791, Dorset Uncertain 43–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-C85131; Rob. 1734 1,200 1 Agric, 1791
3239 Uncertain 1830, Dorset Uncertain 43–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-2E8AEF; Rob. 1735 ? Unknown, 1830
3240 Boyce, Benfleet, Essex Uncertain 43–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-86B710; Rob. 1736 1,500 1 Agric, 1700
3241 Great Burstead (South Uncertain 43–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-58713C; Rob. 1737 1,100 Agric, 1820
Hanningfield), Essex
3242 Great Chesterford 1769, Uncertain 43–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-E850B9; Rob. 1738 ? 1 Building, 1769
Essex
3243 Greenstead Green, Essex Uncertain 43–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-5C6045; ? 1 Unknown, 1949
3244 Roydon, Essex Uncertain 43–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-71EB60; Pastscape 370217 ? Unknown, 1855
3245 Leigh on Sea 1767, Uncertain 43–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-B24242; Rob. 418 ? Other, 1767
Essex, Southend
CHECKLIST OF HOARDS
3246 Cheltenham (Park), Glos Uncertain 43–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-1C5309; Rob. 1741 300 1 Agric, 1818
3247 Cirencester 1500, Glos Uncertain 43–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-AFE7C9; Rob. 1891 ? 1 Unknown, 1500
3248 College, Glos Uncertain 43–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-401ADA ? 2 Building, 1816
3249 Cowley, Birdlip, Glos Uncertain 43–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-35CD3A; Rob. 1740 200 Unknown, 1890
3250 Dowdeswell, Glos Uncertain 43–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-63FEB7; Rob. 1434A ? Arch, 1922
3251 Eastington 1860 Uncertain 43–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-8A63ED; Rob. 1743 ? 1 Agric, 1860
(Ampney St Peter), Glos
313
Table 5. Cont. 314
discovery
3252 Gloucester (Kingsholm Uncertain 43–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-3B221E; 700 Other, 1840
and Wotton), Glos
3253 Uley 4, Glos Uncertain 43–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-826F61; HER 262 ? Arch, 1977
3254 Uley 6, Glos Uncertain 43–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-82933A; HER 262 ? Arch, 1977
3255 Dodington, South Glos Uncertain 43–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-284866; Rob. 1742 ? 1 Unknown, 1500
3256 Winterbourne, South Glos Uncertain 43–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-72A036; B&L 211 ? 1 Unknown, 1800
3257 Chiswick, Greater London Uncertain 43–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-1EC299; Rob. 1775 ? 1 Unknown, 1731
3258 Croydon 1700, Uncertain 43–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-4D2B1B; Rob. 1815 ? 1 Unknown, 1700
Greater London
3259 Grove, Kingston upon Uncertain 43–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-6515FA; Rob. 1651 ? Agric, 1530
Thames, Greater London
3260 Sanderstead (Croydon), Uncertain 43–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-6068C3; ? Unknown, 1891
Greater London Pastscape 404185; 020616/00/00
– MLO144
3261 Shirley (and Croham), Uncertain 43–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-A617C1; Rob. 1816/17 ? Gardening, 1840
Greater London
3262 Southwark (Cathedral), Uncertain 43–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-3776DC; B&L 407 ? Other, 1913
Greater London
3263 Southwark (Park St.), Uncertain 43–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-7CA3EE; Rob. 1900 ? 1 Building, 1786
Greater London
3264 St Paul’s Cray, Uncertain 43–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-8C23D0; Rob. 1896; ? 1 Unknown, 1435
Greater London B&L 408
3265 Broad Street (City of Uncertain 43–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-3189C0; Rob. 1899; ? 2 Building, 1758
London), Greater London
(City)
3266 London Bridge 1831 (City Uncertain 43–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-921589; Rob. 1774 ? 1 Building, 1831
of London), Greater London
(City)
3267 Manchester (City Centre), Uncertain 43–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-726773; Rob. 1760 ? Building, 1777
Greater Manchester
3268 Wardle and West Uncertain 43–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-Bbc5A9; Rob. 1759 ? 1 1 Building, 1850
Littleborough, Greater
Manchester
3269 Wigan 1990, Greater Uncertain 43–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-406679; B&L 413 ? Unknown, 1990
Manchester
3270 Appleshaw 1775, Hants Uncertain 43–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-FF5D13; ? 2 Agric, 1775

3271 Bishopstoke, Hants Uncertain 43–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-0E5C15 200 1 Unknown, 1878
3272 Bury Farm Manor Uncertain 43–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-CBD84C; Rob. 1748 ? Building, 1800
(Totton), Hants
3273 Chalton (Rowlands Uncertain 43–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-9AB654; Rob. 1747 ? 1 Unknown, 1850
Castle), Hants
3274 Knellwood (Farnborough), Uncertain 43–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-0EBBE0 ? 2 Building, 1926
Hants
3275 Owslebury (Winchester Uncertain 43–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-A77869 ? MD, 2010
area) 5, Hants
3276 Rowlands Castle, Hants Uncertain 43–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-AB8F22; Pastscape 242830 ? 1 Agric, 1961
3277 Silchester (Baths), Hants Uncertain 43–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-D34792; Rob. 1749 200 Arch, 1833
3278 Canterbury (Wincheap Uncertain 43–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-F6F5C6; Rob. 1751 ? 1 1 Arch, 1877
Green), Kent
3279 Deal 1765, Kent Uncertain 43–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-D6DAA7; Rob. 1892 ? 1 Unknown, 1765
3280 Folkestone and Hythe, Kent Uncertain 43–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-253CFE; Rob. 1893; ? Other, 1535
3281 Minster in Thanet 2, Kent Uncertain 43–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-3578AD ? Agric, 1630
3282 Oldlands (Cobham), Kent Uncertain 43–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-995022; Rob. 1895 ? 1 Unknown, 1840
3283 Ramsgate 1891, Kent Uncertain 43–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-DCD24A; Rob. 1752 120 1 Unknown, 1891
3284 Richborough 1553, Kent Uncertain 43–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-2A8FF2; Rob. 1753; ? 1 Unknown, 1553
3285 Eccleshill, Lancs Uncertain 43–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-CE1351; Rob. 1754 ? Unknown, 1865
3286 Fleetwood 1902, Lancs Uncertain 43–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-F59E30; Rob. 1755 ? Building, 1902
3287 Grimsargh (near Uncertain 43–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-31AE60; Rob. 1756 ? Unknown, 1845
Ribchester), Lancs
3288 Heapey, Lancs Uncertain 43–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-1Ebc02; Rob. 1757 ? Unknown, 1835
3289 Lancaster (Castle) 2, Lancs Uncertain 43–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-5C5C7E; Rob. 1758 ? 1 Building, 1849
3290 Myerscough, Lancs Uncertain 43–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-81E29E; Rob. 1761 ? 1 Agric, 1640
3291 Barrow on Soar, Leics Uncertain 43–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-1F4A7B; Rob. 1762 ? Unknown, 1850
3292 Bittesby 1750, Leics Uncertain 43–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-3C8C42; Rob. 1763 ? Agric, 1750
3293 Kibworth Beauchamp, Leics Uncertain 43–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-9AB17F; Rob. 1764 ? Unknown, 1850
3294 Leicester (Castle Yard), Leics Uncertain 43–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-5ECC43; Rob. 1765 ? 1 Unknown, 1850
3295 Bourne, Lincs Uncertain 43–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-688EF8; Rob. 1873; 60 1 Agric, 1807
B&L 375
3296 Bourne (Park), Lincs Uncertain 43–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-3001B5; Rob. 1768 ? 1 Unknown, 1756
3297 Carlton Scroop (Newark), Uncertain 43–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-A081D8; Rob. 1786 ? 1 Unknown, 1700
Lincs
3298 Ewerby or Rauceby, Lincs Uncertain 43–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-AD58FF; Rob. 1766 ? 1 Agric, 1500
3299 Grantham, Lincs Uncertain 43–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-24598B; Rob. 1897 ? 1 Gardening, 1726
3300 Greatford, Lincs Uncertain 43–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-93DAE7; Rob. 1769 ? Other, 1824
3301 Hainton, Lincs Uncertain 43–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-D11847; Rob. 1770 ? 1 Building, 1780
3302 Horncastle, Lincs Uncertain 43–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-7678C3; Rob. 1771 ? 1 1 Other, 1734
3303 Sutton St Edmund, Lincs Uncertain 43–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-F75F84; Rob. 1773 ? 1 Unknown, 1741
3304 Appleby, North Lincs Uncertain 43–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-205717; Rob. 1767 ? 1 Other, 1800
3305 Manton, North Lincs Uncertain 43–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-FC9923; Rob. 1772 ? Unknown, 1934
3306 Roxby cum Risby 1650, Uncertain 43–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-10CB4C; Rob. 1898 ? Unknown, 1650
North Lincs
3307 Brancaster 1600, Norfolk Uncertain 43–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-51C221; Rob. 421 ? 2 Unknown, 1600
CHECKLIST OF HOARDS
3308 East Rudham, Norfolk Uncertain 43–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-4121E3; Rob. 421 ? 1 Unknown, 1719
3309 Great Walsingham, Norfolk Uncertain 43–402 Accumulation; (1) IARCH-838E65; HER 2024 6,000 MD, 1950
– MNF2024
3310 Hockwold cum Wilton 1, Uncertain 43–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-B4EC97; Rob. 431 ? 1 Unknown, 1885
Norfolk
3311 Norwich (Mile Cross), Uncertain 43–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-B227A3; B&L 444 ? 1 Building, 1980
Norfolk
315
Table 5. Cont. 316
discovery
3312 Snettisham (Woodland), 43–402 Incomplete; 3 IARCH-F343C6; de J 196.9 ? MD, 2003

Norfolk
3313 Welney 1953b, Norfolk Uncertain 43–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-F1108A; Rob. 1374 = 1778 ? 1 Arch, 1953
3314 Castle Ashby, Northants Uncertain 43–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-264CD9; Rob. 1779 ? Gardening, 1719
3315 Easton on the Hill, Uncertain 43–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-15B197; Rob. 1783; ? 1 Unknown, 1753
Stanford, Northants
3316 Hemmingwell Uncertain 43–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-CCCA5D; B&L 461 ? Unknown, 1960
(Wellingborough), Northants
3317 Irchester 1791, Northants Uncertain 43–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-7A9277; Rob. 1780 45 1 1 Unknown, 1791
3318 Radstone, Northants Uncertain 43–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-1E809A; Rob. 1782 ? 1 Unknown, 1800
3319 William Knibb (Kettering), Uncertain 43–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-9CCDDD; Rob. 1877 ? Unknown, 1726
Northants
3320 Carrawburgh (Coventina’s Uncertain 43–402 Accumulation; 3 IARCH-522584; Rob. 360 16,000 Arch, 1876
Well), Northumberland
3321 Downham (Carham), Uncertain 43–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-44EC80; Rob. 1784A ? 1 Unknown, 1810
Northumberland
3322 Calverton 1765, Notts Uncertain 43–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-8C28A2; Rob. 1787 ? 1 Unknown, 1765
3323 Wilford (Clifton North) Uncertain 43–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-6F1F31; Rob. 1788 ? 1 Agric, 1700
1700, Notts
3324 Brightwell Baldwin Uncertain 43–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-9FB5FB; Rob. 1789 1,500 1 Agric, 1759
1759, Oxon
3325 Fawler 1830, Oxon Uncertain 43–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-BBDAA6; Rob. 1790 ? Other, 1830
3326 Fawler 1860, Oxon Uncertain 43–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-C5091F; Rob. 1791 ? 1 Agric, 1860
3327 Glympton (Kiddington), Uncertain 43–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-9D65CB; Rob. 1792 80 2 1 Other, 1870
Oxon
3328 Great Tew 1817, Oxon Uncertain 43–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-D523FE; Rob. 1794 ? 1 Building, 1817
3329 Shirburn, Oxon Uncertain 43–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-F2EC09; Rob. 1793 ? 1 Unknown, 1723
3330 Swalcliffe, Oxon Uncertain 43–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-E2E4D2; Rob. 1902 ? 1 Unknown, 1630
3331 Black Piece Roman villa Uncertain 43–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-993B94; HER MLE5114 ? Arch, 1940
(Clipsham), Rutland
3332 Liddington, Rutland Uncertain 43–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-E5CB04; Rob. 1903 150 2 Other, 1862
3333 Uppingham, Rutland Uncertain 43–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-C2CF2F; Rob. 1904 200 Other, 1764
3334 Wroxeter 1798, Salop Uncertain 43–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-B7F52D; Rob. 1795 ? 2 Other, 1798
3335 Charlton Mackrell 1948, Uncertain 43–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-3EE3FB; Rob. 1799; ? Other, 1948
Somerset B&L 518
3336 Exmoor 1831, Somerset Uncertain 43–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-3525D7; Rob. 1800 ? 1 Unknown, 1831
3337 Frome, Somerset Uncertain 43–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-37F750; Rob. 1801 230 Unknown, 1864
3338 Haddon Hill (Brompton Uncertain 43–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-10574E; Rob. 1802 ? Agric, 1791
Regis), Somerset
3339 Nynehead, Somerset Uncertain 43–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-3B0B32; Rob. 1803 ? Unknown, 1863
3340 South Petherton 1720, Uncertain 43–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-EF8D56; Rob. 1804 ? 1 Unknown, 1720
Somerset
3341 Street or Winsham, Uncertain 43–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-9F06CC; Rob. 1805 ? 1 Unknown, 1684
Somerset
3342 Tickenham 1789, North Uncertain 43–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-AE4129; Rob. 1806 ? 1 Unknown, 1789
Somerset
3343 Mayfield (Okeover), Uncertain 43–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-562795; Rob. 1808 ? Other, 1676
Staffordshire
3344 Wootton (Ramshorn), Uncertain 43–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-4656E6; Rob. 102A; ? Unknown, 1798
Staffordshire B&L 529
3345 Barking 1993, Suffolk Uncertain 43–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-006767; 200 Unknown, 1993
3346 Brandon, Suffolk Uncertain 43–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-9E3bc0; Rob. 1810 ? Unknown, 1889
3347 Great Barton 1954, Suffolk Uncertain 43–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-EFB5B8; Rob. 1809 ? Unknown, 1954
3348 Helmingham, Suffolk Uncertain 43–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-2AFFCB; Pastscape 388570 ? 1 Unknown, 1820
3349 Ickworth, Suffolk Uncertain 43–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-FD92FF; Rob. 1811 ? 1 Unknown, 1789
3350 Mildenhall 1896, Suffolk Uncertain 43–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-E120E6; Rob. 1812 ? 1 Other, 1896
3351 Rushford (Euston), Suffolk Uncertain 43–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-1C5265; de J 192 ? 1 Unknown, 1910
3352 Westleton, Suffolk Uncertain 43–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-DC317E; Rob. 1813 20 1 1 Agric, 1845
3353 Wingfield, Suffolk Uncertain 43–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-424DCE; Rob. 1814 ? 1 Other, 1836
3354 Frimley, Surrey Uncertain 43–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-60A86F; Rob. 1819 ? 1 1 Unknown, 1708
3355 Limpsfield 1820, Surrey Uncertain 43–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-DFE96C; Rob. 1820 ? Agric, 1820
3356 Mickleham 1910 (Dorking), Uncertain 43–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-D674E2; Rob. 1818 ? 1 Building, 1910
Surrey
3357 Warlingham (Whyteleafe), Uncertain 43–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-8B163E; Rob. 1821 ? 2 Unknown, 1893
Surrey
3358 Hartfield (Holtye), Uncertain 43–402 Incomplete; (2) IARCH-6BE064; ? Unknown, 2008
East Sussex
3359 Milland, West Sussex Uncertain 43–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-BA68A9; Rob. 1822 ? 1 Unknown, 1909
3360 Alcester 2, Warks Uncertain 43–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-8908B4; Rob. 1823 ? Other, 1812
3361 Rowley Regis (Oldbury) Uncertain 43–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-4E4110; Rob. 1879 1,200 1 Other, 1794
1794, West Midlands
3362 Brixton Deverill 1936, Wilts Uncertain 43–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-4982F6; Rob. 1827 ? 1 Unknown, 1936
3363 Calne, Wilts Uncertain 43–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-FB93D3; Rob. 1683 ? Unknown, 1680
3364 Cunetio 1860 (Mildenhall), Uncertain 43–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-BFFAF3; Rob. 1830 853 Unknown, 1860
Wilts
3365 Longbridge Deverill Uncertain 43–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-3355B1; Rob. 1829 ? 1 Unknown, 1854
1854, Wilts
3366 Netheravon, Wilts Uncertain 43–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-19C856; Rob. 1831 ? Unknown, 1907
3367 Roundway 1714 (Bishops Uncertain 43–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-93F8C3; Rob. 1833 ? 1 Unknown, 1714
Cannings), Wilts
3368 Roundway 1930 (Bishops Uncertain 43–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-79A1AB; Rob. 1832 ? Unknown, 1930
Cannings), Wilts
3369 Sherston, Wilts Uncertain 43–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-3E133F; Rob. 1881 ? Agric, 1653
CHECKLIST OF HOARDS
3370 Wanborough 1960, Wilts Uncertain 43–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-28CB5D ? 1 Unknown, 1960
3371 Warminster 1773, Wilts Uncertain 43–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-689AD0; Rob. 1882 ? 1 1 Other, 1773
3372 Aldington, Worcs Uncertain 43–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-E48DB2; Rob. 1834 ? Agric, 1890
3373 Clent Heath, Worcs Uncertain 43–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-115D17; Rob. 1835–7 ? 1 Agric, 1790
3374 Clent I, Worcs Uncertain 43–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-184E1E; Rob. 1837; B&L 609 ? Agric,
1792
3375 Clent II, Worcs Uncertain 43–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-73E550; Rob. 1836 ? 1 Unknown, 1792
317
Table 5. Cont. 318
discovery
3376 Worcester (Cathedral), Uncertain 43–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-2F0D3D; Rob. 1838 ? 1 Unknown, 1660
Worcs
3377 York (Guildhall 2), Uncertain 43–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-90AAA7; Rob. 1907 ? 1 Unknown, 1967
City of York
3378 Bridlington (Prince Street), Uncertain 43–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-845DDC; Rob. 1840 ? Unknown, 1800
East Yorks
3379 Halsham, East Yorks Uncertain 43–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-9D9014; Rob. 1844 ? 1 Building, 1802
3380 Howden 1770 Uncertain 43–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-8BDCE5; Rob. 1845 ? 1 Unknown, 1770
(Eastrington), East Yorks
3381 Market Weighton 1843, Uncertain 43–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-F823CB; Pastscape 61425 ? 1 Unknown, 1843
East Yorks
3382 Millington, East Yorks Uncertain 43–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-DB8AB0; Rob. 1849 ? Other, 1845
3383 Myton (Hull), East Yorks Uncertain 43–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-6A2F72; Rob. 1906 ? 1 Unknown, 1800
3384 Skerne, East Yorks Uncertain 43–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-4bc26B; Rob. 1853 17 1 Agric, 1897
3385 Welton, East Yorks Uncertain 43–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-7BFD91; Rob. 1857 ? Unknown, 1860
3386 Birdforth, North Yorks Uncertain 43–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-1BF6EB; Rob. 1905 ? Other, 1810
3387 Grinton 1850, North Yorks Uncertain 43–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-E71604; Pastscape 48765 ? Unknown, 1850
3388 Lythe, North Yorks Uncertain 43–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-40E854; Rob. 280A ? 1 Agric, 1792
3389 Marske (Kirkby Uncertain 43–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-8DE252; Rob. 1848 ? 1 Other, 1800
Ravensworth), North Yorks
3390 Minskip, North Yorks Uncertain 43–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-99D740; Rob. 1850 ? 1 1 Agric, 1885
3391 Norton on Derwent 1822, Uncertain 43–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-28C446; Rob. 1851; ? 1 Unknown, 1822
North Yorks
3392 Skipton, North Yorks Uncertain 43–402 Accumulation; (1) IARCH-E3FAEE; Rob. 1854 11 Building, 1930
3393 Darfield 1680, South Yorks Uncertain 43–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-903CDC; Rob. 1841; ? 1 Agric, 1680
B&L 644
3394 Darton (Barnsley), Uncertain 43–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-4923F5; ? 1 Unknown, 1650
South Yorks
3395 Doncaster (Auckley), Uncertain 43–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-E7D038; Rob. 1842 ? Unknown, 1800
South Yorks
3396 Edlington Wood 1800, Uncertain 43–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-C590B9; Rob. 1843 ? Unknown, 1800
South Yorks
3397 Swinton 1870, South Yorks Uncertain 43–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-5C03CE; Rob. 1856; ? Unknown, 1870
3398 Ilkley, West Yorks Uncertain 43–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-A377BE; Rob. 1857 20 Building, 1900
3399 Newsome (Huddersfield), Uncertain 43–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-6B631B; Rob. 1846; ? 2 Other, 1770
West Yorks
3400 Bar Hill (Kirkintilloch) Uncertain 43–402 Incomplete; (1) Hunter 2015; Stuart 1852, 339 ? 1 Other, 1852
1852, East Dunbartonshire
3401 Kilmardinny, East Uncertain 43–402 Incomplete; (1) Hunter 2015; Stuart 1852, 315 ? Other, 1852
Dunbartonshire
3402 Leven, Fife Uncertain 43–402 Incomplete; (1) Rob. 1886; B&L 727 315 Unknown, 1519
3403 Nairn 1460, Highland Uncertain 43–402 Incomplete; (1) Rob. 1869 17 Other, 1460
3404 Nairn 1780, Highland Uncertain 43–402 Incomplete; (1) Rob. 1870 310 Other, 1780
3405 Penboyr, Llangeler, Uncertain 43–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-4BDA9D; Rob. 1860; ? 1 Unknown, 1804
Carmarthenshire
3406 Llangybi, Ceredigion Uncertain 43–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-C03A98; Rob. 1859 37 Agric, 1830
3407 Penrhyn Bay, Llandudno, Uncertain 43–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-33AA03; G&W 937 ? 1 Gardening, 1924
Conwy
3408 Corwen, Denbighshire Uncertain 43–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-1EDA5C; G&W 950 ? 1 Other, 1848
3409 Derwen, Denbighshire Uncertain 43–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-CE872A; Rob. 1861 ? Agric, 1861
3410 Dyserth 1868, Uncertain 43–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-C29701; Rob. 1690; 21 Building, 1868
Denbighshire B&L 674
3411 Dyserth 1910, Uncertain 43–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-593bcA; Rob. 1861A ? Unknown, 1910
Denbighshire
3412 Caernarfon 1, Gwynedd Uncertain 43–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-69EFC4; Rob. 1908 ? 1 Unknown, 1750
3413 Caernarfon 2, Gwynedd Uncertain 43–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-BE0388; Rob. 1909 ? Unknown, 1750
3414 Y Felinheli 1, Gwynedd Uncertain 43–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-71B41F; G&W 1085 ? Unknown, 1910
3415 Y Felinheli 2, Gwynedd Uncertain 43–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-FE6C50; G&W 1086 ? Unknown, 1900
3416 Beaumaris 1880, Uncertain 43–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-5D934B; Rob. 1858; ? Building, 1880
Isle of Anglesey
3417 Abergavenny, Uncertain 43–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-17FCFE; Rob. 1762 ? Unknown, 1800
Monmouthshire
3418 Caerwent (House XII S), Uncertain 43–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-93C36C; Rob. 1863 36 Arch, 1904
Monmouthshire
3419 Caldey Island (Tenby), Uncertain 43–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-84EE0B; Rob. 1866 0 1 1 Unknown, 1693
Pembrokeshire
3420 Pantibigni (Crymych), Uncertain 43–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-CAEBB4; Rob. 1868 ? Unknown, 1828
Pembrokeshire
3421 Scleddau (Fishguard), Uncertain 43–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-C66ECE; Rob. 1867 ? 1 Unknown, 1823
Pembrokeshire
3422 Llanwnog (Caersws), Uncertain 43–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-E11A77; Rob. 1865 ? Unknown, 1700
Powys
3423 Llanymynech (Carreghofa) Uncertain 43–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-84B07E; Rob. 1864; ? 1 Other, 1800
1800, Powys B&L 698
3424 Trefeglwys 2, Powys Uncertain 43–402 Incomplete; (1) IARCH-D332FC; Rob. 1910 ? 1 1 Unknown, 1800
3425 Giant’s Causeway, Uncertain 43–402 Incomplete; (1) Rob. 1817–18; Bateson 1973, 21 ? Unknown, 1854
Co Antrim
3426 Buttevant, Co Cork Uncertain 43–402 Incomplete; (1) Rob. 967; Bateson 1973, 41 ? Unknown, 1839
CHECKLIST OF HOARDS
319
INDEX TO CHECKLIST OF HOARDS
(a) Location Ancaster 1532, 2984

Andover 94, 297, 1353, 1400, 3111
Angle 1803
Abbas Combe 201 Annan Hill 874
Abbey Hill 2198 Annesley 516
Abergavenny 3417 Appleby 3304
Abergele 1093, 1253, 2597 Appledram 255
Aberkenfig 1796 Appleford on Thames 2369
Aberystwyth 1623 Appleshaw 1736, 3270
Abingdon 2809 Arborfield 1099
Acton (Cheshire) 1085 Arbury 2470
Acton (London) 1062 Ardleigh 286
Acton Trussell and Bednall 1475 Ardsley and Robin Hood 705
Adderstone 1387 Argam 3182
Addington 1389 Arlesey 3193
Adel cum Eccup 1619 Armathwaite 2331
Adlington 781 Armthorpe 599
Agden 1704 Arno Hill 1376
Aiskew 699 Arnside 746, 1902, 1915
Aitnock 740 Arundel 190, 2543
Akenham 1145 Ash and Normandy 2031
Albrighton 335 Ash cum Ridley 270
Albury 2387 Ashbourne area 1809
Alcester 1293, 1985, 3004, 3360 Ashburnham 224
Alciston 1674 Ashburton 1367
Aldbourne 1712 Ashby de la Zouche 1531
Alderley Edge 2211 Ashby St Mary 180
Aldersgate Street 3052 Ashdon 3020
Alderton (Northants) 112, 218 Ashford 3046
Alderton (Suffolk) 112 Ashkirk 1016
Aldham 221 Ashley 1764
Aldingbourne 165, 2110 Ashover 1212
Aldington 3372 Ashurst 36
Aldwick 313 Ashwell 299, 459, 644, 966, 2353, 2400
Aldworth 920, 2578 Askern Spa 561, 2412
Alfreton 1090 Askham 578
Alfriston 247 Asthall 1812
Alkborough 2175 Aston and Woodcote 887, 1470
Alkham 8 Aston Clinton 2773, 3100
All Cannings 2671 Aston Flamville 1279
Allerton Bywater 877 Aston Ingham 2136, 2559
Allington 1699, 2903 Astwick 3194
Allt yr Yn 1096 Attermire Camp 2347
Alresford 2527 Attleborough 1138
Alrewas and Fradley 872 Auburn 801
Alston Moor 2079 Auckley 2548, 3395
Alton (Hants) 250, 295, 1580, 2613 Austerfield 1281
Alton (Staffs) 580 Avebury 2209, 2994, 3137
Alton Barnes 1730 Aveton Gifford 1572
Alveston 384, 2130 Avondale 996
Amber Valley 889, 1647 Awliscombe 1064
Amberwood 2708 Axbridge 1291
Ambleside 1211 Axbridge 2405
Amersham 1860, 2598 Axminster 1114
Amesbury 3007, 3018 Aylesbury 2588, 2690
Amlwch 1493 Aylesford 2658
Ampney St Peter 3251 Ayot St Lawrence 330
INDEX TO CHECKLIST OF HOARDS 321
Babworth 977, 1709 Beech Bottom Dyke 629

Backwell 2242 Belladrum 845
Backworth area 809 Belmont 3105
Baconsthorpe 1589 Belvoir 690
Badley 798 Bembridge 151, 868, 1977
Bagden 1634 Bempton 3058
Baginton 620 Benacre 737
Bakewell 2125 Benbecula 1128
Baldock 2283 Benfleet 3240
Bale 1944 Benham Valence 2519
Balgreggan 2414 Bentley 881, 1682, 3030, 3144
Balk 2794 Bentworth 400
Ballinrees 3035 Bere Regis 195
Bancroft Roman villa 2254, 2499, 2774, 2775 Berkhamsted 300
Bar Hill 715, 1852, 1902, 3400 Bermondsey 2820, 2821
Barbridge 2389 Bernicia 2510
Barcombe Roman villa 1691 Berridge 762
Bardney 265 Bessacarr 914
Bardwell 75 Besthorpe 2440
Barford St Martin 2596 Beverley 215, 1746
Barham 183 Beverston 1430, 1735
Barham Downs 1055 Bewcastle 679, 1571, 3221
Barking 798, 2025, 3345 Bewdley 386
Barlaston 1700 Bicester 1855, 2312
Barlborough 657 Biglis 1348
Barlby 1277 Billingford 1289
Barlings 413 Billingsgate 1105, 2895
Barmston 801 Billingshurst 2144
Barnsley 3394 Binchester Roman Fort 2200
Barnton 2330 Bingley 1199
Barrow on Soar 3291 Binnington 518
Barton Bendish 687 Birch 84
Barton Court Farm 2809 Birchfields 1579
Barton on Sea 38 Birchington 69
Barton upon Humber 2934 Birdforth 3386
Barton Wood 849 Birdlip 3249
Barway 1004 Birdoswald 639, 640
Baschurch 1435 Birling 246
Basildon 80 Birmingham 521, 3056
Bassaleg 1345 Birnie 1068, 1071
Bath 778, 1388, 2517, 2770, 3011 Birrens 220, 3184
Bath and Bristol, between 2802 Birrenswark 624
Bath Environs 1913 Bishop Auckland 2200
Batheaton 3128 Bishops Cannings 2963, 3367, 3368
Bathford 3191 Bishops Waltham 141, 2574
Batten Hanger Roman villa 2806 Bishops Wood 2303
Battle 380 Bishopstoke 3271
Bausley with Criggion 2196 Bishopstone 2768
Bawdeswell area 1179 Bishopstrow 3138, 3139
Bawtry Bridge 3086 Bitterne 486, 1918
Baylham 1988, 1821 Bittesby 843, 3292
Baylham Mill 504 Bitton 3165
Beachamwell 917 Bix and Assendon 862
Beachy Head 1010, 1302, 1412, 1477, 1607, 1744, 1770 Black Piece Roman villa 3331
Beaconsfield 950 Blackburn 802
Beal Point 519 Blackcastle Hill 1016
Beaminster 128 Blackey Tor 2397
Beaney Institute 487 Blackmoor 1461, 1581, 1919
Beaumaris 1880, 1909, 2161, 3416 Blaise Castle 2432
Beaumont 2092, 2332, 3220 Blakeney 2167
Bebington 2538 Blandford 199
Beccles 1669 Blandford Forum 83
Beck Row 551, 551 Blandford St. Mary 2433
Beckfoot 1394, 1643 Bleadon Hill 1410
Beckley and Stowood 2182 Bletchingley 3132
Bedminster 2120 Bletchley 1019
Bedworth 393 Bloomberg Place 457, 479
Beech 397 Blunsdon Ridge 1794
Bluntisham cum Earith 3082 Bredgar 434

Blyford 3130 Bredicot 1884
Blyth 2119 Bredon 1261, 2585
Bobs Mount 2750 Bredon Hill 1745
Bocking 538, 1868 Breiddin Hill 2196
Boddington 1535, 2290 Brent Knoll 1121
Bodfari 1175 Brentford 1860 12, 58, 59, 2105
Bodlywydd 2154 Brereton 1570
Bodorgan 3095 Brettenham 363, 1117
Bognor 313 Brickendonbury 1240
Boldre 1695, 3114 Bridgend 2018
Bolton Castle 1548 Bridgnorth area 2452
Bonby 103 Bridlington 3378
Boothsbank 1938 Bridport 758, 1428
Boothstown 1460 Brighstone 204, 1465, 2534, 2615
Borden 235, 1940 Brighthampton 1241
Boscombe Down 3018 Brighton 1231, 1478
Boston Castle 947, 2468 Brightwell Baldwin 306, 3324
Boston Spa 643 Brightwell cum Sotwell 306, 1963
Botley 1462 Briglands 1021
Bottesford 1102 Brindle 2787
Bourn Airfield 2284 Brislington 3096
Bourne 3295, 3296 Bristol 1107, 1424, 1495, 2080, 2120, 2121, 2878, 3192,
Bourne End 1354 3197
Bournemouth 537 Brixton Deverill 2359, 3362
Bourton on the Water 1518, 2066, 2086, 2476, 2718 Brixworth 1009
Bowcombe 1706 Broad Clyst 3097
Bowden 1104 Broad Street 3265
Bowerchalke 319, 2810 Broadholme 113
Bowers Fold 700 Broadland 631
Bowes Roman Fort 1393 Broadstairs and St Peters 71
Bowness on Solway 814 Broadwindsor 758
Boxley 70 Broch of Lingrow 997
Boxley Warren 2431 Brockley 3044
Boxted 210 Brodsworth 1483
Boyce 3240 Bromham 2650
Bracebridge Heath 839, 891 Bromley 63, 2012
Bracknell 122 Brompton Regis 3338
Bradenham 736 Bromsgrove 2186
Bradfield (Berks) 2253 Bronington 2249
Bradfield (S Yorks) 600 Bronyscawen 569
Bradford Peverell 196 Brookheath 1523
Brading 1054 Broomholm 584
Bradley 1809 Brough 509
Bradley Hill 1984 Brough with St Giles 1747, 1961
Bradwell 2333 Brougham 1420, 1644
Brailes 318 Broughton 2532
Braintree 1040, 1514 Brundish 905
Braithwell 1749 Bryn Ddiol 1892
Bramham 1194, 1391 Bryn Euryn 2027
Bramley 1751 Bryn Gwydion 714
Brampton 1061 Budbrooke 946
Bramshaw (Hants) 422 Bude–Stratton 3210
Bramshaw (Wilts) 981 Budge Row 524
Brancaster 1133, 3307 Budock 2006
Brandon 3346 Bullock Down 1010, 1302, 1412, 1477, 1607, 1744, 1770
Branston 1356 Bulwick 596
Brasted 251 Bungay area 1300
Braughing 902 Burgate 2950
Bray 707, 2712 Burgh Castle 2139, 2140, 2226, 2227, 2228, 2229, 2230,
Braystones 1037 2231, 2232, 2233, 2262, 2263, 2264, 2265, 2266, 2307
Breage 1502 Burland 2655
Breamore 1715, 1805 Burngreave 738, 752
Brean 544 Burnham on Crouch 85
Brean Down 2763 Burnham Thorpe 205
Brearton 556 Burton and Dalby 2581
Breckland 435, 1160, 1289, 2941 Burton Green 1103
Brecon Gaer 637 Burton Hey 1808
Burton Latimer 1912 Carn Brea 22, 2123, 3212, 3213

Burton on the Wolds 2009 Carnforth area 542
Burton upon Stather 2808 Carrawburgh 1113, 1966, 3320
Burton Wood 3081 Carreghofa 550, 739, 3423
Burwash 1301 Carriden 611
Burwell Farm 1257 Carstairs 810
Bury (Cambs) 81 Cartmel 1247
Bury Farm Manor 3272 Carzeld fort 753
Bury St Edmunds area 379, 1604, 1670, 2026, 3061 Castle Ashby 3314
Bushmills, near 623 Castle Bailey Street 2085
Butley 2184 Castle Bromwich 926
Butser 37 Castle Combe 3140
Buttevant 3426 Castle Hill 3064
Buxton (Derbys) 3016, 3228 Castle Pencaire 1312
Buxton with Lammas 105 Castlefield 818, 3178
Bwlch Bach 1888 Castleford 834
Castlesteads 1698
Cadbury 1511 Castlethorpe 846
Cadeby 876, 1024, 1050, 1051, 1196, 1242, 1484 Caston 973, 2829
Cadnam 1524, 2298 Castor 2600
Cae Bardd 2104, 2114 Catcote 2204, 2319
Cae Puta 1283 Catsgore 1997, 2274
Caergwrle 3062 Cattal 2972
Caerleon 512, 594, 605, 626, 627, 711, 735, 807, 924, Catterick 1961
1129, 1346, 1686, 2639 Caversham Bridge 656
Caerleon area 1806 Caythorpe 3013
Caernarfon 1155, 1417, 1829, 2094, 2374, 3412, 3413 Cefn Cwmwd 1286
Caersws 3422 Cefnydre 3151
Caerwent 1236, 1310, 1562, 1831, 1899, 2194, 2031, Ceiriog Ucha 1167
2032, 2375, 2638, 2664, 2799, 2854, 2862, 2863, Cemaes 1778
2864, 2865, 2866, 3005, 3149, 3150, 3418 Cerrigydrudion 3147
Caister on Sea 1288, 1799, 1945, 2234, 2235, 2236, Chaddesley Corbett 2049
2237, 2238, 2239, 2267, 2268, 2269, 2270, 2308 Chaddleford 2714
Caistor area 408 Chaddleworth 2713, 2772
Caistor by Norwich 925, 1590 Chadwell St Mary 1137
Cakeham 2703 Chalcott 1971
Calbourne 2977 Chalfont St Giles 720
Caldecote 2621 Chalfont St Peter 1725
Caldey Island 3419 Chalgrove 1538, 1719, 1720
Caldicot 2282 Chalk 2486
Callingwood 581 Chalton 3273
Calne 259, 2594, 3363 Chalvington 1675
Calstone 2594 Chapmanslade 2215
Calverton 691, 1665, 1666, 3322 Chard 2540
Camberley 158 Charing 969
Camborne 1170, 2524 Charley 223
Cambridge 244, 1224, 1496, 2470, 2599 Charlton (Northants) 559
Camelford 3211 Charlton (Somerset) 2056
Camerton 1494, 1635, 1859, 1931, 2811 Charlton (Wilts) 2631
Campsmount 1485 Charlton Horethorne 2116
Canterbury 45, 968, 1306, 1404, 1660, 1811, 1833, Charlton Mackrell 3006, 3335
1873, 1874, 1875, 1901, 1969, 2052, 2260, 2485, Charlwood 829
2503, 2535, 2645, 2646, 2758, 2759, 2785, 2914, Charminster 197
2915, 2916, 2917, 2918, 2919, 3001 3040, 3117, 3278 Chartham 99
Capel Bangor 1624, 1777 Chatburn 723
Capheaton 3080 Chatham 2224
Cardiff Castle 1684, 1962 Chatham Lines 3036A
Cargill 708 Chatteris 568, 2565
Carham 976, 3321 Chawton 397
Carhampton 2342 Checkendon 520, 949
Carholme 822 Cheddar 1667, 1844, 2275, 2541, 2648
Carisbrooke 1017, 3179 Cheddar, near, 1539
Carlby 2337 Cheddleton 774, 897
Carleton St Peter 2202, 2872 Chedworth 1195
Carlisle 523, 815, 816, 954, 1038, 1053, 2045, 3222, Cheltenham 2996, 3246
3223 Cheltenham area 1386
Carlton Scroop 3297 Chepstow 2327
Carmarthen 1379 Cheriton 177
Cherry Hinton 236 Clifton North 3126, 3323

Cheselbourne 958, 1205 Climping 161, 162, 713
Cheshunt 1200, 2726 Clipsham 3331
Chesil Beach 959, 2127 Cliviger 2014
Chessington 27 Cliviger 590
Chester 522, 669, 743, 1091, 1427, 1451, 1865, 2523, Cloughton 1549
2601, 2656, 2666 Clyst St George 1092
Chester, near 1808 Coalville 1790
Chesterfield 493, 1202 Cobbinshaw Moss 992
Chesters (Northumberland) 1118 Cobham (Kent) 2457, 3282
Chesters Roman villa (Glos) 2426 Cobham (Surrey) 312, 2496
Chetney 263 Cockerton, Low Coniscliffe and Merrybent 2358
Chetwynd 887, 1470 Cockshutt 1002
Chew Stoke 1157, 2586 Coddenham 494, 504, 1905
Chichester 160, 932, 1677, 1678, 2243, 3134 Coedmore 1380
Chichester area 316, 2662, 2792 Colchester 287, 288, 289, 449, 450, 451, 452, 453, 454,
Chieveley 1080 574, 649, 960, 1159, 1344, 1352, 1429, 1574, 1648,
Chilbolton Down 2133 1785, 1916, 2060, 2289, 2364, 2473, 2474, 2528,
Childerley Gate 1637 2567, 2756, 2778, 2815, 2887
Childs Ercall 1742 Colchester district 2889
Chilham 2536 Colchester, East of 226
Chilton Polden 2037, 2841, 2842 Colchester, South of 84, 87, 89
Chilworth 2046 Cold Brayfield 2449
Chinnock 1743 Coldham 1418
Chippenham 431, 2752 Cole Henley 1239
Chipperfield 2005 Coleby 1739
Chirton 258 Coleford 1370, 1519, 1577, 1629, 1758
Chisbury Camp 340, 2793 Coleraine
Chiseldon 166 Colerne 385, 2852
Chiswick 3257 Colesbourne 2719
Chitterne 202, 2595 Coleshill 2466
Chobham 2850 Colkirk 2761
Cholmondeston)2380 College 3248
Chorley 685, 3118 Collingham 2562
Chorleywood 2305 Colne, River 455
Chorlton 1311 Colwyn Bay 2038
Choseley 1357 Colyton 848, 2286
Chrishall 3101 Combe 2082
Christchurch 1638 Combe Hill 1413
Christow 535 Combe Raleigh 2755
Church Brough 533 Compton (Berks) 920, 2520, 3195
Church Eaton 442 Compton (W Sussex) 163
Church Farm 2282 Compton Downs 1364, 2876
Church Minshull 934 Compton Gifford 1573
Churchstow 939 Condorah 2201
Chute 52, 53, 54 Congresbury 2406
Cilhaul 882 Constantine 1219
Cirencester 570, 1935, 2291, 2500, 2668, 2781, 2782, Conwy 1889
2817, 3247 Cookridge 664
Clacton 86, 227 Coombe Neville 2334
Clacton area 293 Cople 2875
Clanfield 37, 178 Copythorne 2298
Clapham 79 Corbridge 591, 633, 653, 726, 770, 1100, 2016, 2179,
Clapton (London) 3189 2180, 2181, 2271, 2309, 2310, 2698, 2731, 2732
Clapton in Gordano 1788, 1895 Cordwainer 458
Clarkly Hill 989 Corfe Castle 198, 2717
Claverley 389, 2064, 2452 Corfe Common 129
Claverton 935 Cornelly 1183
Claydon Pike 1903, 2608 Cornwall, East 1641
Cleckheaton 1125, 1324 Corringham and Fobbing 10
Cleeve Prior 2855 Corsock 2280
Clent 3374, 3375 Corton 1671
Clent Heath 3373 Corton Denham 1766
Clevedon 1999 Corwen 3408
Cley Hill 273 Cosgrove 3010
Cliburn 2020 Cotswold area 1430, 1735
Clifton (Lancs) 2435 Cottam 2462
Clifton (S Yorks) 1616 Cottenham 1986 1497, 2879, 3201
Cotton’s Wharf 2676 Derwen 3409

Coventina’s Well 3320 Deskford 836
Covesea 2416 Devizes 1124, 3094
Cowbit 1214 Dewsbury 430, 665, 835, 885
Cowbridge 1337, 2328 Didcot 771
Cowie Moss 1126 Dilton Marsh 1971
Cowlam 2462 Din Lligwy 2102
Cowley 3249 Dinas Dinlle 1951
Coygan Camp 1685 Dinas Powys 1348
Craigie Hill 1127 Dinorben 1828, 2498
Craigmillar Castle 2281 Dinton 1333
Cranborne Clump 2897 Distington 2589
Cranfield 2251 Ditchingham 3121
Cransford 19 Docker Moor 1433
Cranwell, Brauncewell and Byard’s Leap 2394 Dodcott cum Wilkesley 597
Cray Valley East 1956 Doddington 2745
Creekmore 2048 Dodford with Grafton 698
Creetown 636 Dodington 3255
Crewkerne 2053 Dolgellau 646
Crich 1226, 1366, 1509, 1992 Dolphinholme 13
Crichton 2738 Doncaster 700, 744, 881, 894, 914, 923, 987, 1065,
Cridling Stubbs 2447 1445, 1485, 1682, 1947, 2019, 2279, 2463, 2748,
Cringleford 2338 3039, 3144, 3395
Cromford 2050 Doncaster area 1342
Crondall 327, 1939, 3041 Donhead St Andrew 167
Crookes Moor 1553 Donhead St Mary 168
Croscombe 827 Dorchester (Dorset) 1255, 1512, 2055, 2058, 2472, 2604,
Crosscanonby 938 2776, 2777, 2814, 2883, 3237
Croston 1287 Dorchester on Thames 2834, 2835, 2836
Croughton 871, 2566 Dordon 3078
Crowland 3063 Dorking 3356
Crowmarsh 1290 Dorset, North 2288
Croxden 1122 Dovedale 407
Croxton 2118 Dover 1586, 1737, 2871, 3171
Croydon 755, 1826, 2030, 2430, 2479, 2643, 2999, Dowdeswell 3250
3090, 3186, 3258, 3260 Down Ground 396
Crucorney 677 Downham (Northumberland) 3321
Crymych 3420 Downside 2036
Cublington 282 Downton 169, 750
Cunetio 320, 1480, 2511, 2663, 3364 Doxey 1603
Curridge 1080 Draethen 1559
Cymyran 2740 Drax 1443, 1692
Cynwyl Caio 1949 Drayton 2467
Cynwyl Elfed 710 Dreghorn 2737
Driffield 417, 419, 841, 2967
Dacorum 525 Droitwich 1910
Dallinghoo 280 Droxford 2644
Dalwood Down 3075 Drumanagh 719
Danebury 398 Drymen 595
Darfield 1136, 1197, 1774, 3393 Dryslwyn 2739
Darley 534, 721, 769, 1646 Duckington 1081
Darnall 1011 Dummer 3112
Darton 3394 Dunchideock 1368, 3107
Deal 1530, 1876, 3279 Dunmow area 1575
Dean Hall 3017 Dunstable 2518
Dean Prior 447 Dunster Park 2342
Dearne South 892 Durrington 2067, 2111
Debden 2888 Duston 2421, 2490, 3099, 3156
Deepdale 2934 Dutton 2691
Deeping St James 1375, 1434 Dwyran 1838
Defynnog 1220 Dyer Wood 2024
Deighton 2101 Dymock 229, 628
Denbury and Torbryan 2603 Dynevor Castle 585
Denny Lodge 36 Dyserth 3410, 3411
Deopham 1086, 2873 Dyserth Castle 1192
Derbyshire Dales 407, 2125
Dereham 364, 1158, 1204 Earnley 1260
Dereham area 1158, 1204 Eartham 2792
East Anton 1527 Eriswell 471, 2987

East Bergholt 478 Esgyrn 1784
East Carleton 688, 2936 Esgyryn 625
East Coulston 2277 Essendon 301
East Cowes 849 Ethy 1419
East Dean 186, 246 Euston (Suffolk) 3351
East Dereham 364 Evenley 2002, 3190
East Farleigh Roman villa 2381 Everton 1423, 1853
East Harnham 1896, 2047 Ewelme 1818, 1923
East Harptree 2661 Ewerby 3298
East Holme 2007 Exbury and Lepe 676
East Huntspill 2842 Exeter 232, 448, 506, 536, 784, 1295, 1395, 2166, 2285,
East Ilsley 1364, 2876 2569, 3097
East Kent Access Road 759 Exmoor 3232, 3336
East Kirkby 3054 Exton 1993
East Llangan 2637 Eyam 1755
East Meon 250, 295 Eye 3032
East Mersea 326, 1397 Eye area 378
East of England 1177 Eyke 908, 2951
East Rudham 3308 Eynsford 2076, 2172, 2382, 2429, 2570, 2983
East Stoke 732 Eynsham 2214
East Tilbury 1137
East Wemyss 1151 Fairfield (Greater London) 2479, 2643
East Winch 974, 1662 Fairfield (Worcs) 1232
Easter Softlaw 709 Fairlight 187
Easterton 192, 1722, 2444 Fakenham 1995
Eastington 2292, 3251 Fakenham, near 239
Easton (Bristol) 2080 Falkirk 1174
Easton (Norfolk) 427, 2177 Falmouth 2006, 3104
Easton Grey 583 Fangfoss 1182, 1334
Easton on the Hill 3315 Fareham 31
Eastrington 1048, 3380 Faringdon 182
Ecclefechan 678 Farley Heath 2387
Eccleshall 1729 Farmborough 275
Eccleshill 3285 Farnborough 3274
Eccleston 935 Farnham 131, 159, 2185
Eckington 682 Faversham 174
Eden Valley 2219 Fawfieldhead 1123
Edgbaston 521 Fawler 3325, 3326
Edgefield 650 Fawley 34, 56, 142, 676
Edinburgh 933, 2281 Fawsyde 803
Edlington (Lincs) 1791 Fazeley 2143
Edlington Wood (S Yorks) 1164, 1222, 1262, 1378, 1616, Feigh Mountain 948
1617, 1723, 3396 Felixstowe 1217, 1856
Edmondsham 130 Feltwell 3072
Edmondthorpe 2728 Fenchurch Street 883, 913, 1522
Edmonton 3079 Fenny Bentley 3229
Edston 1147 Fenny Stratford 3092
Edwinstow 1001 Fetter Lane 1787
Eglwys y Groes 2249 Fetteresso 1094, 1126
Egmanton 773 Field Baulk 354
Egton with Newland 3227 Filey 2857, 2769, 2995
Elgin, near, 1068, 1071 Filton 2222
Elginhaugh 527 Filwood 1636
Elland 1886 Fincham 365, 1144, 2000, 2937
Ellastone 797 Findo Gask 1029
Ellingham, Harbridge and Ibsley 35 Fineshade 1275
Elm 2654, 2880, 3202, 3204 Fingringhoe 2889
Elmley Lovett 342, 387 Fishbourne Beach 2693
Elsted and Treyford 2662, 2806, 2961 Fishguard 1627, 1628, 3421
Elveden 1225, 1925 Fiskerton 2306
Ely 2881 Fladbury 2965
Emmet 1213 Flaggrass 1270, 1365
Emneth 1385, 1422, 1879 Flamstead End 1200
Enfield 962, 1759 Flaxton 2091
Epperstone 1881 Fleet 1942
Epping Forest 1457 Fleet Marston 2588
Epping Upland 290 Fleetwood 2930, 3286
Flitwick 1565 Goldhanger 225

Flore 324 Good Easter 3029
Flower Hill 623 Goodnestone 2034, 2115
Foleshill 2443 Goodrich 3116
Folkestone 9, 100, 3280 Goring 579
Fordcroft 1956 Goring by Sea 1679
Fordingbridge 422 Gotherington 230
Forest Hill 1882 Gough’s Old Cave 2648
Forest of Dean 1338 Gowerton 808
Forncett 366 Grange 860
Fort Augustus 1967 Grantham 3299
Forton 3091 Grasby 408
Fotheringhay 886 Grassmoor 2220
Fowey 2164 Gravesend 2921
Fowlmere 3101 Greasbrough 1775
Foxcote 2720 Great Baddow 26
Foxley 824 Great Barton 2016, 3347
Fradley and Streethay 267, 912 Great Bentley 248
Frampton 1733, 2051 Great Bookham 1543
Franks Ground 1599 Great Bromley 87
Freckenham 281, 2461, 2670, 2958 Great Burstead 3241
Frensham Common 830 Great Casterton 2493
Freshwater 1060, 1584, 2107 Great Chart 541
Freshwater Bay 152 Great Chesterford 1058, 1221, 1228, 1458, 1515, 1955,
Freston 2315 2606, 3242
Frilford 2659, 2790 Great Chesters 654, 1594
Frimley 3354 Great Cheverell 1697
Frindsbury Extra 1877 Great Coxwell 182
Fring 106, 367 Great Dunmow 55
Frinsted 252 Great Easton 1575
Frocester Court Roman villa 1652, 2293, 2507, 2529, Great Ellingham 602
2642 Great Elm 2355
Frome 1471, 3337 Great Glemham 3022
Froxfield 587, 589 Great Hale 2213
Fyfield 2003 Great Horkesley 2475
Great Leighs 88
Gadebridge Park 510, 2434 Great Maplestead 857
Gare 1350 Great Melton 869, 1074
Garton 555 Great Missenden 1142, 2043
Gatcombe 2314, 2407 Great Ness 2207
Gateshead 582, 696 Great Orme 1847, 2706
Gaywood 2985 Great Packington 339
Gedgrave 482 Great Rollright 2992
Gedney 3077 Great Staughton 2471, 2522
Gerlan 1891 Great Tew 1959, 3328
Giant’s Causeway 3425 Great Walsingham 3309
Giant’s Cave 2766 Great Waltham 55, 291
Giggleswick 2191 Great Wishford 2767, 2853
Gilling 547 Great Witcombe 2610
Gillingham (Dorset) 733 Great Wymondley 1464
Gillingham (Kent) 2786, 2920 Greatford 3300
Gilmorton 1921 Greenhithe 460
Gisleham 980 Greenlease Farm 2345
Glaisdale 1615 Greenstead Green 3243
Glamis 495 Gresford 3169
Glasfryn 3147 Gresham Street 3067
Glasgow 3185 Gressenhall 2938
Glastonbury 1668 Grimsargh 3287
Glenlochar 731 Grimsby 104
Gloucester 1653, 1897, 2010, 2294, 2673, 2783, 2818, Grimston 368, 1264, 2582
3252 Grindale 3182
Glympton 3327 Grinton 901, 3387
Gnosall 414 Grosmont 212
Goadby Marwood 1707 Grove (London) 2577, 3259
Godmanchester 1914, 2378, 3009, 3088 Grove (Oxon) 307
Godshill 143, 2807 Groveley Wood 2767, 2853
Gogarth Abbey 2257 Guernsey 1953
Gogmagog Hills 3059 Guildford 2702
Guilthwaite Common 2549 Healaugh 2244, 2411

Guisborough 2851 Heapey 3288
Gunnersbury 60 Heather 1957
Gurnard 3, 903 Heathrow 2480
Gussage All Saints 772, 2884 Hebden 906
Gwinear 2199, 3214 Heddington 2187
Gwithian 1639 Heddon on the Wall 896, 1057, 1347, 2422, 2870
Hedleshaw 1324
Hackleton 2240 Hedon 1614
Haddenham 779, 2028, 2989, 3153, Heene 164
Haddiscoe 6, 1958 Heligan 1752
Haddon Hill 3338 Helmingham 3348
Hadley and Leegomery 2273 Helsington 680
Hagley 3142 Hemel Hempstead 510, 2434
Hainton 3301 Hemingby 2505
Haldon Belvedere 1368 Hemingford Abbots 3060
Halford 1771 Hemingstone 3070
Halifax 2373 Hemmingwell 3316
Hallaton 438 Hempstead 2008
Halsham 3379 Henbury 2432
Ham Hill 1269, 1472, 1600, 1767, 3129 Henfield 314
Hamble le Rice 2365 Hengistbury Head 785
Hambleden 2087 Henley on Thames 5, 156
Hambledon 178, 2722 Hennock 1369
Hambrook area 1459 Heptonstall 703
Hameringham 2261 Hereford 2304
Hammersmith 61, 62, 1827 Herefordshire, North East 323
Hampstead Norreys 119 Hermon 710
Hampsthwaite 893 Hesket 2331
Hamshill Ditches 2596 Heslington 1106, 1233, 2323, 2410, 2506
Hamstead Marshall 895 Hethersett 2619
Hanham 2399 Hevingham 2830
Hanwell 880 Heybridge 249, 539
Hardingstone 489, 1765 Heytesbury 3015
Haresfield 2295 Heywood 1714
Harlaston 261 Hickleton 911
Harlaxton 1328 Hickling 978
Harlech Castle 1965 High Coniscliffe 2544
Harlestone 2833 High Easter 2607
Harlow Moor 985 High Green 1486
Harlton 2980 High Weald 1301
Harpsden 111 High Wycombe 243, 3089
Harraby 815, 1053 Higham 44
Harrogate 985 Higham Ferrers 2491
Hart 2204, 2319 Higham on the Hill 615
Hartfield 3358 Highfield 1441
Hartlebury 1207, 2089 Highgate 1760, 3167
Hartsfield School 2283 Hill of Megray 1094
Harwell 771 Hillingdon 540, 2480
Harworth 1244 Hillington 1329
Hascombe 76 Hinckley 971
Haslebury 3079 Hinckley area 1279
Hastings 632, 638, 1044, 3073 Hinderclay 3187
Hatcliffe 1078 Hindlip 1256
Hatfield (E Yorks) 610 Hingham, near, 1086
Hatfield (S Yorks) 1342 Hinton Down 2768
Havenstreet and Ashey 684, 2906, 2907 Hipperholme 1948
Haverfordwest 1381 Hockwold cum Wilton 793, 1534, 2402, 2788, 3310
Haverhill 51 Hoggeston 284
Hawkesbury 2784 Holbrook 2315, 2343
Haxby 2322, 2454 Holdenhurst 670
Hayle 1640 Holland on Sea 3162
Hayling Island 1525 Hollingbourne 1717
Haynes 3028 Hollinwood 1991
Hayton 2547 Hollym 1547
Heacham 237 Holme 1102, 1109
Headbourne Worthy 1203 Holme Hale 1591
Headingley 609 Holme Valley 505
Holt (Dorset) 1731, 1789 Irchester 1740, 2789, 3317

Holt (S Yorks) 3087 Isleham 2553, 3203
Holt (Wrexham) 592 Islington 2335
Holtye 3358 Islip 2272, 2404
Holway 2947 Itteringham 825
Holwick 3160 Ivy Chimneys 1649, 1650, 1651, 2779, 2780
Holyhead 1335, 3148 Iwade 263
Holyhead Mountain 2210, 2798
Honingham 369 Jerbourg 1953
Honington 423 Jersey 1237
Honiton 1064, 2755 Joist Fen 472
Honley 505
Hooton 2538 Kedington 1156
Hopwas 742 Keelby 1088
Hordley 1710 Keighley 1193, 1199, 1554
Horkstow 2677 Kelling 2029
Horncastle 2505, 3302 Kelso 709
Horndean 33, 3043 Kelston 2587
Hornsea 2856 Kelvedon 3163
Horseheath 847, 1073 Kempsford 787
Horsforth 1250 Kempston 2689, 2874
Horton 2605 Kenchester 2725
Hotham 394 Kendal 2667
Hough 936 Kendal area 680
Hougham Without 2871, 3171 Kenfig 1183
Hounsdown Hill 1315 Kenilworth 661, 763, 1103
Housesteads 1148, 1173, 1188, 1664, 3157 Kenmore 990
Hove 1676 Kenninghall 1407
Hoveringham 502, 1843 Kensworth 2518
Hovingham Park 2969 Kentwell 1265
How Stean Gorge 663 Kepier 3105
Howden 1235, 3380 Kessingland 351
Howe 564 Keston Roman villa 63
Hoxne 309, 3033 Kettering 3319
Hucknall 671 Ketteringham 3122
Huddersfield 3399 Kettlewell 2245
Hughenden 951, 3198 Ketton 2945
Hull 3383 Keyworth 404
Hulme End 1123 Kibworth Beauchamp 3293
Hunmanby 2970, 2971 Kiddington 2837, 2838, 2839, 3327
Huntingdon area 355 Kilby 1817
Huntingdon district 1450 Killanummery 2348
Hurleston 2389 Killington 3224
Hursley 269 Kilmardinny 3401
Hurstbourne Tarrant 179, 399 Kiltarlity, near 845
Husthwaite 3008 Kilton 1320
Kilve 1800
Ibberton 420 Kimbolton 285,1835
Ibstock 2061 Kimpton 94
Ickham 2647, 3002 Kineff 803
Icklingham 336, 1672, 1786, 2628, 2845, 2846, 2847 Kineton 2545
Ickworth 3349 King William Street 485
Idmiston 1632 Kings Cliffe 826
Ifton 2867 Kings Langley 1298, 2669
Igtham 234 Kings Lynn 2985
Ilchester 1601, 2141, 2564, 2948 Kings Park 3189
Ilchester Mead 1602 Kings Somborne 1657
Ile Agois 1325 Kings Stanley 344
Ilketshall St John 1300 Kingsclere 144, 2592
Ilkley 3398 Kingscote 1654, 2097, 2128, 2439, 3164
Illogan 1170 Kingsdon 2516, 2949
Ilston 994, 1724 Kingsholm and Wotton 2508, 3252
Inchyra 927 Kingskerswell 1039, 1757
Ingatestone 961 Kingsnorth 303, 1116
Ingoldisthorpe 49, 370, 724 Kingston (E Sussex) 695
Ipsden 1340, 2095 Kingston Deverill 844, 2651, 2681
Ipswich 2418 Kingston Lisle 2840
Ipswich, near 494 Kingston Seymour 1542
Kingston upon Thames 64, 2577, 3038, 3259 Layton 730

Kington 648 Leafield 508, 2568
Kingweston villa 2121, 3006 Leafield 647
Kippilaw 1104 Leatherhead 2317
Kirby Knowle 3024 Lechlade 2608
Kirkandrews 2332 Leckford 1401
Kirkby in Ashfield 884, 1741 Leconfield 1746
Kirkby Ravensworth 3389 Leeds 490 2988
Kirkby Thore 1005, 1185 Leek 1360
Kirkcaldy 860 Legsby 776
Kirkham 1198 Leicester 488, 577, 1762, 2205, 2686, 2931, 3294
Kirkintilloch 715, 930, 1852, 1902, 3400 Leicester area 1994
Kirklington 1550 Leicestershire, South 102, 1817
Kirksteads 2092 Leigh (Staffs) 1276
Kirkton 753 Leigh (Surrey) 1003
Kirkton Barns 856 Leigh House 464
Kirmington 116, 1728, 2730 Leigh on Mendip 2142
Kirmond le Mire 409 Leigh on Sea 1934, 2258, 3245
Kirton in Lindsey 1468, 1688 Leintwardine 473
Knapwell 899, 1075 Lellizzick 2256
Knaresborough 1926 Lenham area 1781
Knellwood 3274 Lenham Heath 72
Knockin 2096 Leominster 1835
Knott Mill 2611 Leominster/Bromyard area 323
Knowle 1613 Lerryn 1453
Knutsford area 1027 Letcombe Regis 3127
Kyloe 519 Letheringsett with Glandford 2939
Kynnersley 2183 Letwell 1280
Leuchars 1059, 1127
Lackford 1605, 2419 Leven 3402
Lacock 1907, 3141 Levington 1321
Lake 2908 Levisham 2635
Lakenheath 377, 424, 2629, 2952, 3084 Leysdown 1272
Laleham and Shepperton 77 Lichfield 912, 945
Laleston 806 Liddington 429, 3332
Lanark 804 Lightcliffe 425
Lancaster 576, 630, 970, 1433, 1832, 1878, 2336, 3289 Lilleshall 1437
Lancaster, North of 746, 1902 Lillyhorn 1898
Landbeach 2573 Lime Street 499, 1243, 1655
Langcliffe 2560 Limpsfield 618, 3355
Langford 749 Linchmere 1836
Langholm 584, 1134 Lincoln 507, 1968, 2160, 2108, 2729
Langley with Hardley 1716 Lincoln’s Inn Fields 1521
Langstone 2157 Lindsell 2890
Langtoft 1987, 2090, 3119 Linlithgow 991
Langton 199 Linwood 2, 2137
Langton Matravers 3083, 3158 Linwood area 2137
Langwith 2323 Liskeard 1641
Langworth 413 Lissett area 418
Lanhydrock 3103 Litlington 812
Lanlivery 219 Little Bealings 2848
Lansdown 3011 Little Bedwyn 340, 2793
Lanyon 2975 Little Brickhill 1015, 1019, 2469
Lapley 2627 Little Bromley 226
Lapley, Stretton and Wheaton Aston 2465 Little Burstead 1154
Largo 3042 Little Busby 3034
Lathom 686 Little Chester 534, 721, 769, 1646
Lathom South 641 Little Chesterford 879, 940
Latton 1028 Little Clacton 227
Laugharne 1887 Little Cressingham 2069
Laugharne area 1837 Little Grimsby 734
Laughton en le Morthen 118 Little Horwood 123, 125
Lavant 831, 1284 Little Malvern 193, 1989
Lavenham 571, 604, 828 Little Missenden 264
Laverstock 170, 1990 Little Orme 1848, 1854, 2071
Lawrence Weston 765 Little Ponton and Stroxton 2436
Laxton 2832 Little Saxham 262
Layer de la Haye 89 Little Smeaton 2653
Little Somerford 545 Lochlands 673

Little Totham 225 Loftus 416
Little Waltham 88, 1516 Lombard Street 2531
Little Warley 2891 London Bridge 456, 788, 3266
Littleborough 1063 London Wall 2455
Littlecote villa 546 London, City of 457, 458, 479, 480, 485, 499, 524, 788,
Littledean 3017 817, 883, 913, 1105, 1243, 1522, 1655, 1656, 1787,
Littleport 356, 1209, 1326, 3155, 3172 1937, 2455, 2481, 2531, 2676, 2895, 2896, 3026,
Liverpool 2618, 3120 3048, 3052, 3067, 3265, 3266
Llanarmon Dyffryn Ceiriog 1167 Londonthorpe 748
Llanarth 491, 1626 Long Ashton 1251, 2057, 2407
Llanbedr 1561 Long Crendon 3175
Llanbedr Dyffryn Clwyd 2247, 2326 Long Whatton 858
Llanbethery 2329 Long Wittenham 1630
Llanboidy 569, 2637 Longbenton 809
Llancarfan 2329 Longbridge Deverill 2320, 3365
Llanddeiniolen 1252 Longford 2443
Llanddewi Velfrey 549 Longford Grange 1436
Llandeilo 585, 1622 Longhorsley 943
Llandeilo Castle 2550 Longstanton 2255
Llandovery 1263 Longton 1711
Llandudno 2557, 3407 Longton Moss 941
Llandybie 3146 Lostwithiel 219, 1453
Llanedeyrn 1491, 1492 Loughborough 1763
Llanegwad 2551 Loughor 2376
Llanelidan 2154 Low Borrow Bridge 2165
Llanelieu 2640 Lower Beeding 2735
Llanellen 444 Lower Slaughter 1432, 2476
Llanenddwyn Dyffryn Ardudwy 548 Lowestoft 1022
Llanfaethlu 565 Lowside Quarter 768
Llanfair Caereinion 2158 Lubbesthorpe 607
Llanfair yn Neubwll 2740 Luckington 2766
Llanfairfechan 1890 Ludborough 213
Llanferres 729 Ludgvan 864, 1503
Llanfihangel Cwmdu 3152 Lullingstone Roman villa 2076, 2172, 2382, 2429, 2570,
Llanfihangel din Sylwy (Bwrdd Arthur) 1830, 2552 2983
Llanfihangel y Pennant 1849 Lund 922, 1013
Llanfoist Fawr 444 Luton 1025
Llanfrynach 470 Luton Hoo 1349
Llanfynydd 3062 Lutterworth 821, 1406
Llangaffo 2351 Lutterworth area 843
Llangamarch Wells 1382 Lydeard St Lawrence 1540
Llangarren 2106 Lydney 2388, 2501
Llangathen 2739 Lydney Park 2477, 2478, 2590, 2609, 2674, 2819
Llangattock Park 2197 Lymington 3113
Llangeler 3405 Lymm 1371, 1693
Llangristiolus 1286 Lyndhurst 1372
Llangwm 2153, 2325 Lyneham 2188
Llangwstenin 2017 Lythe 3388
Llangybi 3406
Llangynin 2350 M1 Motorway 1374
Llangynog 1383 Mablethorpe 1043, 1588
Llanhamlach 470 Madeley 2356
Llanidan 1893 Madron 2975
Llanllyfni 714 Maenclochog 207
Llanrug 993 Maenporth 3104
Llansadwrnin 1950 Maesbury 827
Llansamlet 1564 Maesmore 2325
Llantysilio 3076 Maiden Castle 2287, 3019, 3225
Llanvaches 766 Maidenhatch Farm 2253
Llanvetherine 212 Maidenhead 120, 863
Llanwnog 3422 Maidstone 1018, 1405
Llanymynech 550, 739, 2341, 3423 Maisemore 2168
Llwchwr 2376 Mallerstang 667
Llwyn y Gwalch 1625 Malmesbury 2041
Llys Awel 2796 Malpas (Cheshire) 381
Llysfaen 1560, 1973 Malpas (Cornwall) 1779
Lochar Moss 3049 Maltby 1750, 2152
Maltmas 3204 Mildenhall (Wilts) 320, 1480, 2511, 2663, 3364

Malton 1132, 2858 Mile Cross 3311
Mancetter 467 Milkstone and Deeplish, Rochdale 3174
Manchester 575, 789, 818, 931, 1579, 2170, 2611, 3178, Mill Barrow 1993
3267 Milland 3359
Mansfield 1119 Millbrook 1852
Mansfield Woodhouse 333, 955 Millington 3382
Manston 741 Millom 3226
Manton 3305 Milman Road 2877
Manton Downs 2854 Milton Keynes 2044
Mapledurham 655, 1135 Milton under Wychwood 50
Marbury cum Quoisley 381 Milverton 1772, 2709
March 345, 354, 357, 358, 359, 360, 361, 362, 403, 1036, Minchington Down 131
1153, 1176, 1201, 1304, 1425 1449, 1568, 1569, 3205 Minchinhampton 3177
Maresfield 188 Mindrum 976
Marford 3169 Minffordd 206
Margaretting 1869 Minskip 3390
Margate 487, 2727 Minstead 32
Marham 1258, 1922 Minster in Sheppey 1726
Marine 164 Minster in Thanet 759, 850, 3281
Market Deeping 1467 Minster Lovell 462
Market Drayton 1825 Moel Famau 729
Market Overton 2437 Moel Fenlli 2247, 2326
Market Stainton 1972 Moelfre 2102
Market Weighton 2278, 3381 Moneybury Hill 1432, 1566
Marks Tey 228, 292 Monknash 718
Marlborough 1814 Monkton Farleigh 716, 1795
Marlborough Forest 2112 Monmouth 2013, 2195
Marlingford 907 Montgomery 1446
Marr 1487 Montrose 918
Marr Grange 3087 Monyash 2212
Marske 3389 Morchard Bishop 614
Martock 2109 Morecambe Bay 1915
Maryport 783 Moreton Say 1598
Maryport, near 938 Morley St Botolph 2103, 2339
Mathern 2155 Morton Bagot 662
Mattishall 443, 1266 Morton Lodge 1112
Mawgan in Meneage 1130 Morvah 1504, 2555
Mawgan in Pydar 3215 Morval 2162
Mawnan 1392 Mosborough 514
Mayfield 3343 Mossy Bottom 1609
Meanwood 1620 Mount Batten 322
Meare Heath 1473 Mr Wood’s hoard 2749
Meare Village East 2625 Much Hadham 1111
Meden Vale 391 Much Wenlock 1783
Medina district 2907 Muirhouses 611
Meering 2440 Mullion 2124
Meifod 2114 Muncaster 2692
Melbourn 900 Muswell Hill 1110
Melcombe Horsey 2885 Muthill 995
Melton Mowbray 2581 Mydroilyn 491
Membury 341, 957, 1807, 3233 Myerscough 3290
Menai Bridge 1282 Mytholmroyd 1488
Mendip Hills 2142 Myton 3383
Mere 635, 982, 1681
Mereclough 590 Nailsea 2542
Merriott 2459 Nailsworth 2675
Methwold 2695 Nairn 3403, 3404
Micheldever 2898 Nanskeval 3215
Michelmersh 1316 Nantwich 2380, 2655, 3159, 3209
Mickleham 1634, 1964, 2088, 3356 Narborough 2940
Middleton (E Yorks) 2966 Naseby 975, 2178
Middleton (W Yorks) 490 Nash 2800
Middleton in Teesdale 3160 Nawton 1140
Middleton Tyas 2795 Neatham 2613
Middlewich 652 Needham 475
Mildenhall (Suffolk) 209, 350, 1476, 2849, 3350 Neston 2122
Mildenhall (Suffolk) area 2960 Nether Alderley 2211
Nether Compton 2221 Northleigh 848

Nether Denton 613 Northstowe 2255
Nether Haddon 2716 Northwood (Isle of Wight) 14, 967
Nether Stowey 531 Northwood (London) 540
Nether Wallop 296, 398 Norton (N Yorks) 717
Netheravon 3366 Norton (Northants) 3069
Netherurd 15 Norton (Salop) 617
Netley 1463 ‘Norton’ (uncertain) 11
Nettleham 2746 Norton Fitzwarren 2993
Nettlestead 184 Norton on Derwent 1049, 3391
Nettleton 115, 410, 983, 1308, 1442, 2441, 2680, 2741, Norton Subcourse 432
3188 Norwich 1319, 2077, 3311
Nevill Holt 1274 Nottingham 404, 762, 1537
New Addington 65 Nunburnholme 1773
New Forest 1296, 1317 Nuneaton 1180
New Milton 38 Nunney 465, 2370
Newark 3297 Nursling 298, 1187, 1526
Newbiggin 915 Nutbourne 338
Newbottle 559 Nutfield 3132
Newby 2219 Nynehead 3339
Newcastle Higher 1558
Newchurch 321, 396, 1077 Oakham 1119
Newgrange 2687 Oakhanger 867
Newhaven 1608, 1701 Offchurch 2765, 3136
Newport (Isle of Wight) 153, 1017, 3179 Offwell 3234
Newport (S Wales) 1096 Ogbourne St George 1150
Newquay 2362, 2753 Ogof yr Esgyrn 712, 2248
Newsome 3399 Okeford Fitzpaine 24
Newstead 601, 2054 Okehampton 2126
Newtimber 314 Okeover 3343
Newton (Cambs) 1498 Old Buckenham 435, 436
Newton (Pembs) 1894 Old Cleeve 694
Newton Kyme 2563 Old Ford 1305, 1917, 2982
Newton Mills 2688 Old Place 2464
Newton North 1839 Old Sleaford 972
Newton Valence 722 Old Whittington 493
Nicholas Lane 866 Oldbury 764, 3361
Nobottle 2833 Oldcastle 677
Nomansland 1481 Oldcroft 2388, 2501
Norfolk, North West 370, 689 Oldham 1991
Norfolk, South 331, 373 Oldlands 3282
Norfolk, South West 279, 365, 374, 1144 Oliver’s Orchard 1429
Norfolk, West 368, 2582, 2831 Ollerton 1001
Norley Wood 3114 Orford 482
Normanby 1834 Orford and Aldeburgh, between 3131
Nornour 2641 Orford Ness 2495
Norrie’s Law 3042 Ormskirk 641
North Baddesley 2046 Orpington 567, 1165
North Bierley 2001 Orwell 82
North Cave 728 Osbournby 2933
North Creake 371, 2539 Osgodby 852
North Curry 2843 Oswestry area 910, 944
North Dalton 417, 419, 841, 2967 Otley 1245
North Elmham 870 Otterbourne 2899, 2900
North Elmsall 666 Otterden 1781
North Foreland 71 Otterspool 2618, 3120
North Leigh 463, 2313, 2384, 2492 Otterton 1978
North Littleton 2346 Oughtbridge 600
North Mendip 2878 Oundle 796
North Moreton 2678 Over 2554
North Petherton 2083 Over Kellet 542
North Thoresby 2617 Overley Hill 530
North Wingfield 2220 Owermoigne 436
Northallerton 3143 Owmby 898
Northampton 1536, 1593 Owslebury 145, 328, 819, 2580, 3275
Northampton area 349 Owston Ferry 1076
Northampton to Peterborough railway 3206 Oxborough 372, 3037
Northchurch 222, 1583 Oxford 2095
Oxford, near 1983 Pointon 2174

Oxfordshire, South 1135, 1340 Polegate 1415
Oxnead 1061 Polesworth 2276, 3078
Oxton 1376 Polperro 1210
Oxwich 1703 Poltimore 3235
Pontefract 1, 1108
Padfield 1181 Pontesbury 271
Padstow 382, 1026, 1141, 2256 Poole 1249, 1456, 1513
Padstow, near 3211 Port Eynon Point 1687
Pagan’s Hill 2586 Port Tennant 1930
Paignton 484 Portchester 146, 2021
Palgrave 378 Portington 1048
Palmer’s Green 2952 Portland 132
Pamphill 1313, 1705, 1780, 2682 Portland Bill 133
Pantibigni 3420 Portmoak 1079
Park Street Roman villa 2502 Portsdown Hill 1297
Parkend 1900 Portsmouth 147, 2685
Partney 411 Possil Marsh 3185
Parwich 878, 3106 Postwick 1031
Patching 315, 1744, 2543, 3036 Potters Bar 916
Paternoster Row 1656 Poughill 921
Pattingham area 909 Poulton 1398
Paul 16, 3216 Poundbury 1867
Paulerspury 1996 Poundbury Camp 2472
Paulton 2812 Preesall Hill 1661
Peatling Magna 102 Preesall with Hackensall 1466
Pembroke 2571 Prescelly Mountain 207
Pembroke Dock 2576 Preshute 1814, 2854
Pen y Corddwyn Mawr 1928, 2074 Presteigne 888
Pen y Gaer 3152 Preston 1314, 2377, 2383, 2886, 3109
Penard 1851 Prestwood 1142, 2043
Penboyr 3405 Priddy 1883, 2661
Penbryn 511 Pride Evans Hole 1667
Pengwern 994 Princes Risborough 2979
Penmaenmawr 1152 Principal Place 2896
Pennal 586 Pudsey 233
Penrhos 2193 Pulborough 338
Penrhyn Bay 3407 Pulham St Mary 331
Penrhyndeudraeth 206, 2192 Pumsaint 1846
Pentir 1052 Puncknowle 1810, 3238
Pentney 276 Purbrook Heath 1390
Penzance 17, 127, 532 Putney 66, 93
Peover Superior 1452 Pwllmeyric 2155
Perranarworthal 1642 Pyle 1363
Pershore 353, 388 Pylle 1768
Peterborough 1864 Pyrford 775
Petercoulter 3183
Petworth area 672 Quedgeley 2033
Pevensey 189, 2734 Queen Street 1937
Pewsey 2321, 2964 Queens Park 552
Pickering 216 Quidenham 373, 1160, 2941
Pidley cum Fenton 1450
Piercebridge 832, 873, 1101, 1292, 1610, 1611, 1816, Racedown Farm 758
2442, 2649, 2962, 3065 Radley 2078
Pin Dale 2333 Radstone 3318
Pitcullo 1059 Ram’s Hill 2840
Plantation Place 913 Ramsbury 341, 546
Pleasley 3050 Ramsey 2379, 3207
Pleshey 1517, 2398 Ramsgate 1273, 3283
Plompton 1926 Ramshorn 3344
Plumbley 514 Rauceby 3298
Plumley 1027 Ravenglass 2390
Plumpton 1508 Ravenshead 1595
Plumstead 1115 Ravenstone 2061
Plymouth 322, 1396, 3161 Ravenstone with Snibston 1718
Plympton 2068 Rawmarsh 988
Pocklington 2633 Raydon 272
Podington Wold 1303 Rayleigh 1238
Reading 283, 1448, 2750, 2877 Samson 2754

Reculver 1318, 2575 Sancreed 1753
Redbridge 1187 Sanderstead 3260
Redenhall 2762 Sandfields 945
Redford 2145 Sandford Hill 1291
Redhill (Telford) 1437 Sandown 2908, 3053
Redlynch 981 Sandridge 3031
Reedham 1216 Sandy 245, 1797, 2771
Rendham 337, 1975 Santon Downham 466
Reynard’s Cave 3230 Sapperton 1520, 1936
Rhos on Sea 2038 Sarratt 525
Rhosfach 1218 Sarre 253
Rhosyr 2351 Sauchie 3145
Rhyddgaer 1850 Savernake 208, 402, 2112, 2147
Ribchester 553, 820, 851, 1229, 1248 Saxilby 113
Ribchester, near 3287 Saxmundham 211, 2955, 2956
Riby 1708 Saxton with Scarthingwell 392
Richborough 437, 1904, 1941, 2098, 2366, 2458, 2504, Scampston 405
2824, 2825, 2826, 2827, 2922, 2923, 2924, 2925, Scarborough 2860
2926, 2927, 2991, 3003, 3284 Scarisbrick 543
Richmond (N Yorks) 547, 2859 Scartho 155
Riddlesden 1193 Scathwaite 3227
Riddlesworth 3098 Scleddau 3421
Ridgeway Primary School 1448 Scole 474, 1633
Rievaulx 1140 Scottow 1230
Ringwood 32, 35 Sculthorpe 239
Ripley 889, 1259, 1647, 1866 Sea Mills 446, 2217, 2751
Rocester area 1122 Seaford 1139
Roche Abbey 2152 Seaham 1507, 1754
Rochester 426, 2224 Seamer 1414
Rockbourne 1871, 2803 Seamer Moor 1551
Rodborough 1399 Seaton Down 2286
Rodmarton 2721 Seaton with Slingley 813
Rogiet 1929, 2867 Seavington St Michael 2093
Rotherfield Greys 156 Sedgefield 730, 2805
Rotherham 1309, 2468 Sedgeford 107
Rothley 217 Segontium 1155, 1417, 1829, 2094, 2374, 3412, 3413
Rottingdean 1544 Selborne 867, 964, 965, 1042
Roundway 3367, 3368 Selby 3085
Roustage 647 Selby area 922, 1013
Rowlands Castle 3273, 3276 Selby Common 477
Rowlands Hill 2427 Sellack 173
Rowler Manor Roman villa 871, 2566 Selsey 401, 1362, 2345, 2630
Rowley Regis 764, 3361 Selsey area 603
Roxby cum Risby 823, 3306 Selston 616
Roydon 3244 Sennen 1505
Royds 2001 Settle 2347, 2560
Royston 812 Sewing Shields 1980
Rudge 909 Shakenoak Farm 2313, 2384
Rudston Roman villa 2634 Shalfleet 40, 2909
Rumbling Bridge 1021 Shanklin 2910, 2911
Runhall 238 Shap 572
Runton 3045 Shapwick 200, 1163, 2037, 2699, 2743, 2978
Rushall, 2631 Shard End 925
Rushden 254 Shardloes 1860
Rushford 3351 Sharrow Point 1294
Ruyton-XI-Towns 2096 Sheepen Farm Temple 74
Ryarsh 101 Sheffield 738, 752, 1011, 1553
Ryemead 243 3089 Shefford 21, 2361
Shelford 1862
Saham Toney 593, 2069 Shellingford 1208
Sale Moor 2612 Shenstone 517, 727
Salem 1820 Shepton Mallet 2056, 3180
Salford Priors 3170 Sherborne 383
Salisbury 1841 Sherfield on Loddon 2022
Salisbury area 169 Sheringham 794
Salisbury Plain 2099, 2100 Shernborne 240
Saltersford 2436 Sherrifhales 757
Sherston 3369 Southchurch 1576

Sherwood 904 Southease 78
Shifnal 757 Southend on Sea 92
Shillington 529, 651 Southend on Sea area 294
Shilton 697 Southery 2942
Shipham 2460 Southsea 2515
Shipley 706, 1756 Southwark 503, 1578, 2530, 2981, 3110, 3262, 3263
Shipston on Stour 318 Sowerby 704
Shiptonthorpe 2278 Sowerby Bridge 2373
Shirburn 3329 Spaldington 2968
Shirebrook 955, 1168, 3050 Sparham 1179
Shiregreen and Brightside 802 Sparkford 1909
Shireoaks 3124 Sparsholt 2301
Shirley 3261 Speen 2519, 3196
Sholing 1582 Spetisbury 786
Shoreham 4 Spilsby area 2261
Shoreham area 1609 Spixworth 631
Shorwell 588, 1014, 154, 2615, 2912 Spotland 1979
Shotley 310, 675 Springhead 266, 515, 791, 1089, 1587, 2023, 2225,
Shotts 998 2616, 2665, 2760, 2928
Shouldham 279, 374, 795 Sprotbrough 1083, 1323, 1336, 1339, 1683
Shrewsbury area 2207 Sproxton 2062, 2932
Shudy Camps 1499 St Agnes 2579
Shuttington 2276, 2371 St Anthony in Meneage 2201
Sible Hedingham 2892 St Athan 837
Sibsey 214 St Blazey 1351
Sibson cum Stibbington 2450 St Cuthbert Without 816, 2733
Sidlesham 316, 603 St David’s 2512
Silchester 148, 1070, 1824, 1857, 2134, 2299, 2300, St Donats 718, 1908
2482, 2483, 2614, 2723, 2901, 3012, 3277 St Eval 1020
Silsden 412 St George’s Hill 2408
Sixpenny Handley 1072 St Helens 628, 638
Skellow 561, 2412 St Ishmael 875
Skerne 3384 St James Park 67
Skewen 1911 St Just in Penwith 3074
Skidby 406 St Just in Roseland 2438
Skipton 3392 St Lawrence Bay 25
Skirling 805 St Leonards 1044, 2318
Slay Hills 999, 1007 St Levan 492, 606, 612, 1184, 1271, 1702, 3218
Sleaford 2464, 2537 St Mary Bourne 149
Slough 754 St Michael Carhayes 1732
Smannell 179, 297, 1527 St Neots 780, 2075
Snelshall 1567 St Ninians 3145
Snettisham 46, 47, 48, 74, 277, 390, 689, 756, 3312 St Pancras 2894
Snibston 1718 St Paul Malmesbury Without 2113
Snodland 2367, 2401 St Paul’s Cray 3264
Soham 1004 St Stephen 2502
Somersham 1933, 3102 St Stephens Cemetery 566
Somerton 311, 2241, 2274 St Veep 1506
Sonning Common 1131 Stafford area 414, 442
South Anston 833 Staffordshire, East 1276
South Brent 1162 Stainland 3168
South Cadbury 2354 Stalbridge 2525
South Carlton 114 Stamford 1533, 2138
South Ferriby 352, 1215, 2828, 2935, 3014 Stanchester 3023
South Hanningfield 3241 Standish 501, 1097, 1172, 1206
South Killingholme 2206 Standon 2223
South Lawn 2791 Stanfield 375
South Norwood 1823 Stanford 3315
South Petherton 1438, 3340 Stanford on Soar 1596
South Petherwin 2715 Stanground 2396
South Shields 1032, 1612, 1988, 2117, 2409 Stanhope 890, 937
South Tawton 1067, 3108 Stanley and Outwood East 2246, 2561
South Wonston 1030 Stanmore Park 3030
Southam 2546 Stansted Mountfitchet 7
Southampton 1528, 2558 Stanton by Bridge 1982
Southbroom 1124 Stanton Harcourt 2070, 2073
Southbury 2131 Stanton St John 2182
Stantonbury 2254, 2499, 2774, 2775 Swaffham area 348

Stanwick 3047 Swalcliffe 3330
Stanwix 523, 681 Swallowfield 1447
Stapleford (Cambs) 3059 Swansea 2085
Stapleford (Wilts) 203 Swanton Morley 2403
Statham 1694 Sweffling 211, 337, 2955, 2956
Steeple Bumpstead 2976 Swinbrook 2791
Steeple Claydon 1932 Swindon 2632
Steeton 1033 Swindon area 1150
Stevenage 1278 Swine 855, 2150, 2151, 2190
Steyning 3135 Swinfen and Packington 1066
Stiffkey 1008, 1358 Swinton 1098, 3397
Stithians 2163 Swynnerton 1700
Stixwould and Woodhall 194 Synton 1016
Stockcross 3196
Stockerston 2694, 2707 Tacolneston 347
Stockton on the Forest 1444, 1748, 1927 Tadcaster 1033, 2244
Stogursey 1690 Takeley 57
Stoke 304 Talgarth 2640
Stoke Bishop 446, 2217, 2751 Talland Hill 1210
Stoke Gifford 2222 Tamworth 261, 2143
Stoke on Trent area 774, 897 Tamworth area, 517
Stoke Orchard 231 Taplow 863
Stoke St Mary 2947 Tara 2349
Stokenchurch 20 Tarbarrow 2500
Stokesley 3034 Tarbock 790
Stonea 345, 358, 359, 360, 403, 1153, 1176, 1201, 1304, Tarrant Hinton 2526
1425 Tarrant Launceston 23, 134
Stoneykirk 2414 Tarvin 2602
Stonham Parva 2953 Tatenhill 581
Stony Stratford 3200 Tattershall Thorpe 1727
Storrington 256, 1439, 2145 Tavistock Square 2132
Stow on the Wold 2393 Tawe Uchaf 712, 2248
Stowlangtoft 1606 Taynton 2040
Stowting 1268 Tayport 856
Stranraer 2084 Tean 1069
Strata Florida 1815 Tebay 2165
Stratford on Avon 854, 2704, 3071 Telford 2273
Strathaven 996 Temple Cloud 3192
Stratton 3217 Templebrough 947
Stratton on the Fosse 2036 Tenby 3419
Streatley 2521, 2997 Tendring district 2451
Street 3341 Terling 2893, 3025
Street House area 416 Tewkesbury 2591
Stretham 2813 Thames Foreshore 2822
Stretton Sugwas 2456 Thamesfield 68, 93
Strouden Park Thealby 2808
Stubbington 3021 Themelthorpe 725
Stunsteads 1125 Thetford 1958 2417, 2696, 2697, 2943
Sturmer 2816 Thirsk 1885
Stuston 2954 Thirstin 1776
Stutton 1149 Thirston 1171
Suffolk, Mid 309 Thistleton Dyer 2437
Suffolk, North 377, 440, 560 Thornborough 1861
Sulhamstead 121 Thornbury 384, 2130, 2297
Sully 1970, 2065, 2072 Thorngrafton 645
Sunbury on Thames 77 Thornton 2544
Surrey 1906 Thorpe St Andrew 428
Surrey Docks 2820, 2821 Throapham 1618
Sussex (?) 1673 Throckley 1440
Sustead 278 Thrussington 2173
Sutton (Staffs) 3091 Thruxton 2902
Sutton (Suffolk) 433, 439, 2316, 2584 Thurgarton 3125
Sutton Bonington 1469 Thurnham 73
Sutton on Hull 984, 2149 Thurstonland 1840
Sutton St Edmund 3303 Thurton 1592
Swaby 674 Tickenham 1792, 1895, 3342
Swaffham 241, 1258 Tickhill 701, 1084, 2216, 2497
Tiddington 854 3071 Upwell Fen 1330

Timberland 461 Urchfont I 192, 257, 260, 840
Timsbury 563, 1223, 1373 Usan 918
Tingrith 2252 Usk 445, 469, 528, 1283, 2156, 2392
Tintagel Castle 2257 Uttlesford dist. 3020
Tintern 1563
Tinwell 1533, 1631 Vaynol 1052
Tissington 407, 3230 Vaynor 2352
Titchfield Common 31 Ventnor 1585, 2913
Tittleshall 2620 Vernham Dean 29
Tiverton 1186 Verulamium 274, 557, 566, 608, 629, 1143, 1146, 1178,
Tockwith 2972 1402, 1403, 1529, 1658, 1659, 1798, 1822, 1842,
Todmorden 1555 1858, 1872, 2657, 2683, 3000
Tollard Royal 171 Vindolanda 1000, 1359, 2311, 2423
Torthorwald 3049 Vinter’s Park 1405
Totton 3272
Towcester 1331, 2621, 3123 Waddington 658, 2063
Towednack 2882 Waddon 755, 3090
Tower of London 3026 Wakefield 705, 2246, 2561
Townley 1819 Walbrook 3048
Towton 392 Walford 2303
Traprain 2974 Walkhampton 2397
Trearddur 2193, 2210, 2798 Walkington 215
Trebursye 2715 Walkington Wold 3093
Tredington 2710 Wall 634
Trefeglwys 334, 882, 3424 Wallingford 1597
Treryn 3218 Wallsend 619
Tresco 3219 Walmersley 1870
Trethurgy Round 1012 Waltham (Kent) 43
Trevelgue Head 2362, 2753 Waltham St Lawrence 811
Treverbyn 1012 Walton (Bucks) 2039
Tuddenham St Martin 2957 Walton (Leics) 2009
Tunbridge Wells 904 Wambrook 157
Turnworth 135 Wanborough (Surrey) 441, 562, 3068
Turville 952 Wanborough (Wilts) 325, 760, 800, 1045, 1046, 3370
Twycross 1246 Wandsworth 68
Twyford 30 Wandsworth Park 2822
Twyn y Parc 3095 Wangford 1307
Tyddyn Isaf 2192 Wanstrow 2572
Tywardreath 2164 Wantage 1332, 2623
Tywyn 2797 Warburton 268
Wardle and West Littleborough 3268
Uddingston 1557 Ware 2171
Ugthorpe 986, 1034 Wareham 573, 1384, 1734
Uley 838, 2208, 2556, 2711, 2998, 3253, 3254 Wareham St Martin 1802
Ulnes Walton 1287 Warfield 122
Ulrome 418, 859, 2801 Warkworth 598
Ulverston 483 Warlingham 3357
Uncertain 11, 175, 176, 498, 558, 792, 1023, 1056, 1166, Warmington 476, 500
1191, 1254, 1322, 1482, 1490, 1500, 1546, 1556, Warminster 273, 751, 1190, 2189, 2391, 3371
1621, 1689, 1819, 2081, 2148, 2218, 2413, 2445, Warsop 333, 391, 2203
2489, 2510, 2705, 2749, 2802, 2804, 2861, 3239 Warton Sands 1454
Upavon 1976 Warwick 621
Upchurch 999, 1007 Warwick area 946
Upham 150, 1006 Warwickshire, South 476
Uphill 2626 Washington (Tyne & Wear) 2146
Uplyme 3236 Washington (W Sussex) 660
Upper Arley 343 Watchfield 1341, 1924
Upper Delphs 779, 2028, 3153 Water Newton 2360, 2744
Upper Langwith 1510 Watercrook Roman Fort 1645
Uppingham 3333 Waterhouses 496, 1087
Uppingham, near 2694, 2707 Wateringbury 1299
Upton (Notts) 526 Watersfield 1545
Upton (W Yorks) 1489 Watford 98
Upton Grey 3115 Watling Court 480
Upton House 2048 Wattle Syke 1194, 2250, 2636
Upton, Nursling and Rownhams (Hants) 298 Watton area 593
Upwell 2340 Wauchope Bridge 497
Wauluds Bank 1025 Weybourne 109

Wedmore 1946 Weybread 560
Wednesbury 622 Weybridge 1986, 2408
Weeley 293 Weymouth 2042, 2363
Welbourn 2487 Whaddon Chase 125
Weldon 2368 Whaplode 3063
Welford 2714 Whaplode Drove 2000 415
Well 1943 Whatley Combe villa 2370
Well Street 817 Wheathampstead 302
Wellingborough 3316 Wheatley (S Yorks) 894, 923, 987
Wellingore 2487, 2488 Wheaton Aston 2465
Wells 2011 Wherstead 1361, 1721, 1769
Welney 108, 1880, 2593, 3313 Whickham 1960
Welton 3385 Whiddon Down 1067
Welton le Marsh 411 Whilton 3069
Welwyn 1355 Whiston 2059, 2549
Wem Brook 1180 Whita Hill 1134
Wembdon 1291 Whitburn 2014
Wemyss 777 Whitchurch (Bath) 1267
Wendlebury 659 Whitchurch (Devon) 1227
Wendron 865 Whitchurch (Hants) 95, 96, 97, 2904
Wensleydale 1552 Whitchurch area (Cheshire) 597
Wentwood Mill 1831 Whitchurch on Thames 979
Wenvoe 1952, 2159 White Woman’s Hole 2572
Weoley 2186 Whitehaven 1455
Wervin 761 Whitehill 964, 965, 1042
West Acre 348, 1663 Whitesands Bay 2512
West Ayton 518 Whittington (Glos) 2757, 2996
West Bagborough 2583 Whittington (Northumberland) 853, 3027
West Bergholt 90, 2475 Whittington (Salop) 910, 944
West Calder 992 Whittle 685, 3118
West Dean 919, 1041, 2129, 2259 Whittlebury 117
West End 2903 Whitton (Suffolk) 1145, 3064
West Fen 403 Whitwell (Derbys) 3231
West Hanney 307 Whitwell (Rutland) 2946
West Hanningfield 294 Whorlton 2973
West Hill 2717 Whyteleafe 3357
West Kennet 2994 Wick 861
West Knoyle 1161 Wickham (Hants) 28
West Lavant 317 Wickham Market 280, 1411
West Lavington 1713 Wickhambreaux 2929
West Mersea 91 Wickhambrook 2344
West Row 2958 Wickwar 3166
West Runton 242 Widdington 3176
West Smithfield 481 Widworthy 3075
West Stow 2959 Wigan 1761, 3269
West Tisbury 172, 2684 Wiggenhall St Mary Magdalen 1408
West Wickham 3154 Wighill 2672
West Wittering 191, 2793 Wighton 181, 1169
West Wycombe 745, 842, 2395, 2415 Wigton 1082
Westbury 124 Wilberfoss 2372
Westergate 165, 2110 Wilburton 953
Westerham 42, 251, 305 Wilcot 3023
Westgate (Kent) 487, 2727 Wilcote 463
Westgate (Tyne & Wear) 799 Wilden 2453
Westgate area 890, 937 Wilford 3126, 3323
Westgate in Weardale 782 Willersey 2514
Westhumble 3133 William Knibb 3319
Westleton 3352 Willingham 1801, 2990, 3208
Westmeston 642, 1479 Willington 2875
Westmoor 1426 Wilton 2851
Weston (Cheshire) 668 Wimbledon Common 3173
Weston by Welland 395 Wimbledon Park 963
Weston Longville 376 Wimblington 361, 362, 1568, 1569
Weston super Mare 2626, 2844 Wincanton 1541
Weston Underwood 1035 Winchester 329, 2135, 2301, 2302, 2428, 2484, 2509,
Westward 1082 2513, 2533, 2724, 2905
Wetherby 1194, 2250, 2636, 2672 Winchester area 145, 328, 819, 2580, 3275
Winchester district 1006 Wootton Fields villa 2622

Wing 126, 3199 Worcester 468, 3376
Wing area 126 Worden 1738
Wingfield 3353 Worksop 3124
Winkfield 3066 Worksop East 2424
Winsham 3341 Worldham 1327
Winsham 464 Worlebury Camp 2844
Winslow 284 Worlington 2960
Wint Hill 1793 Wormegay 110, 2944
Winterborne Clenston 136, 137 Worsbrough 702
Winterborne Monkton 138 Worsley 789
Winterborne St Martin 139 Worston 942
Winterborne Stickland 137 Worth Matravers 1421
Winterbourne 3256 Wortham 440
Winterbourne Earls 1990 Worthing 1680
Winterbourne Stoke 2652 Wortley 1343
Winterton Roman villa 2176 Wortwell 379
Wirksworth 956 Wotton Cemetery 2508
Wisbech 1863, 2868, 2869, 2880 Wraxall 2386
Wisbech St Mary 1954 Wreningham 928
Wishaw 1416 Wrington 2679
Witchampton 140 Wrockwardine 530
Witcombe Roman villa 2610 Wrose 706
Witham 1649, 1650, 1651, 2779, 2780 Wroxall 2823
Witham Friary (Frome) 1845, 2700, 2764 Wroxeter 617, 692, 693, 1120, 1813, 2494, 2624, 2660,
Withington 2720 2742, 3055, 3334
Withycombe 1981 Wroxton 2035
Witney 1189 Wychwood 508
Wiveliscombe 1696, 1974, 1998, 2701 Wychwood Forest 2791
Wix 2451 Wycombe 842
Wokingham 2420, 2448 Wymbush 2198
Wold Newton 2004 Wymondham 332, 2728
Womenswold 41 Wynford Eagle 683
Womersley 2324, 2447
Wonersh 185 Y Felinheli 3414, 3415
Wonston 2897 Yardley 2446
Wood Farm 2838 Yarmouth (IoW) 39, 1920
Wood Meadow Roman villa (Thurgarton) 2986 Yate 1804
Wood Norton 2747 Yattendon 119
Wood Walton 1501 Yatton 3181
Woodbridge area 112, 908, 2848, 2951 Yelverton 767
Woodcote 1285 Yeovil 1377, 2385
Woodcutts Common 929 Yewden villa 2087
Woodeaton 308, 2272, 2404 York 513, 747, 1047, 1095, 1234, 2357, 2425, 2736,
Woodham Mortimer 421 3057, 3377
Wookey Hole 1409, 2733 York area 1233, 1444, 1748, 1927, 2015
Woolage 41 York, South East 1106
Woolaston 2169, 2296, 2426 Yscir 554, 637
Woolavington 1474
Woolland 420 Zeals 635, 2391
Wootton 1782, 3344 Zennor 2882
Wootton Fields 2240
(b) County Berkshire 80, 119, 120, 121, 122, 283, 656, 754, 811,
895, 920, 1080, 1099, 1364, 1447, 1448, 2253, 2420,
2448, 2519, 2520, 2521, 2578, 2712, 2713, 2714,
(Note: see Key to checklist for the administrative divisions 2750, 2772, 2876, 2877, 2997, 3066, 3195, 3196
followed here) Bristol 446, 765, 1107, 1424, 1495, 2080, 2120, 2121,
2217, 2432, 2751, 2878, 3096, 3197
Bath and North East Somerset 275, 778, 1157, 1223, Buckinghamshire 20, 123, 124, 125, 126, 243, 264, 282,
1267, 1388, 1494, 1635, 1636, 1859, 1913, 1931, 284, 720, 745, 842, 863, 950, 951, 952, 1142, 1566,
2517, 2586, 2587, 2688, 2770, 2802, 2811, 2812, 1567, 1725, 1860, 1861, 1932, 2043, 2087, 2218,
3011, 3191, 3192 2395, 2415, 2588, 2598, 2690, 2773, 2979, 2989,
Bedfordshire 21, 79, 245, 529, 552, 651, 749, 1025, 3089, 3100, 3175, 3198, 3199
1303, 1349, 1565, 1797, 2251, 2252, 2361, 2453, Buckinghamshire (Milton Keynes) 846, 1015, 1019,
2518, 2689, 2771, 2874, 2875, 3028, 3193, 3194 1035, 2039, 2044, 2198, 2254, 2449, 2469, 2499,
2774, 2775, 3092, 3200
Cambridgeshire 81, 82, 236, 244, 285, 345, 354, 355, 1516, 1517, 1574, 1575, 1576, 1648, 1649, 1650,
356, 357, 358, 359, 360, 361, 362, 403, 431, 568, 779, 1651, 1785, 1868, 1869, 1916, 1955, 2060, 2289,
780, 812, 847, 899, 900, 953, 1004, 1036, 1073, 1075, 2364, 2398, 2451, 2473, 2474, 2475, 2527, 2528,
1153, 1176, 1201, 1209, 1224, 1270, 1304, 1326, 2567, 2606, 2607, 2756, 2778, 2779, 2780, 2815,
1365, 1418, 1425, 1426, 1449, 1450, 1496, 1497, 2816, 2887, 2888, 2889, 2890, 2891, 2892, 2893,
1498, 1499, 1500, 1501, 1568, 1569, 1637, 1638, 2976, 3020, 3025, 3029, 3162, 3163, 3176, 3241,
1801, 1862, 1863, 1914, 1933, 1954, 2028, 2075, 3242, 3243, 3244
2255, 2284, 2360, 2378, 2379, 2450, 2470, 2471, Essex, Southend 92, 1934, 2258, 3245
2522, 2553, 2554, 2565, 2573, 2599, 2654, 2744, Essex, Thurrock 10, 1137, 3240
2752, 2813, 2868, 2869, 2879, 2880, 2881, 2980, Gloucestershire 229, 230, 231, 344, 383, 501, 570, 628,
2990, 3009, 3059, 3060, 3082, 3088, 3101, 3102, 787, 838, 919, 1041, 1097, 1195, 1338, 1370, 1386,
3153, 3154, 3155, 3172, 3201, 3202, 3203, 3204, 1398, 1399, 1430, 1431, 1518, 1519, 1520, 1577,
3205, 3206, 3207, 3208 1629, 1652, 1653, 1654, 1735, 1758, 1897, 1898,
Cambridgeshire (Peterborough) 1864, 2396, 2600 1900, 1903, 1935, 1936, 2010, 2033, 2040, 2066,
Cheshire 381, 522, 597, 652, 668, 669, 743, 761, 781, 2086, 2097, 2128, 2129, 2167, 2168, 2169, 2208,
934, 935, 936, 1027, 1081, 1085, 1091, 1311, 1427, 2259, 2290, 2291, 2292, 2293, 2294, 2295, 2296,
1451, 1452, 1570, 1704, 1808, 1865, 2122, 2211, 2388, 2393, 2426, 2439, 2476, 2477, 2478, 2500,
2330, 2380, 2389, 2523, 2601, 2602, 2655, 2656, 2501, 2507, 2508, 2514, 2529, 2556, 2590, 2591,
2666, 2691, 3159, 3209 2608, 2609, 2610, 2642, 2668, 2673, 2674, 2675,
Cornwall 16, 17, 22, 127, 219, 382, 492, 532, 606, 612, 2711, 2718, 2719, 2720, 2721, 2757, 2781, 2782,
864, 865, 1012, 1020, 1026, 1130, 1141, 1170, 1184, 2783, 2817, 2818, 2819, 2996, 2998, 3017, 3164,
1210, 1219, 1271, 1294, 1312, 1350, 1351, 1392, 3177, 3246, 3247, 3248, 3249, 3250, 3251, 3252,
1419, 1453, 1502, 1503, 1504, 1505, 1506, 1639, 3253, 3254
1640, 1641, 1642, 1702, 1732, 1752, 1753, 1779, Gloucestershire, South 384, 1459, 1804, 2130, 2222,
2006, 2123, 2124, 2162, 2163, 2164, 2199, 2201, 2297, 2399, 2784, 3165, 3166, 3255, 3256
2256, 2257, 2362, 2438, 2524, 2555, 2579, 2715, London, Greater 12, 27, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65,
2753, 2882, 2975, 3074, 3103, 3104, 3210, 3211, 66, 67, 68, 93, 456, 457, 458, 479, 480, 481, 485, 499,
3212, 3213, 3214, 3215, 3216, 3217, 3218 503, 524, 540, 567, 755, 788, 817, 866, 883, 913, 962,
Cornwall, Isle of Scilly 1069, 2641, 2754, 3219 963, 1062, 1105, 1110, 1115, 1165, 1243, 1305, 1389,
County Durham 730, 782, 813, 890, 937, 1507, 1754, 1521, 1522, 1578, 1655, 1656, 1759, 1760, 1787,
2200, 2805, 3105, 3160 1823, 1826, 1827, 1917, 1937, 1956, 2012, 2030,
Cumbria 483, 509, 523, 533, 572, 613, 639, 640, 667, 2105, 2131, 2132, 2334, 2335, 2430, 2455, 2479,
679, 680, 681, 746, 768, 783, 814, 815, 816, 915, 938, 2480, 2481, 2530, 2531, 2577, 2643, 2676, 2820,
954, 1005, 1037, 1038, 1053, 1082, 1185, 1211, 1247, 2821, 2822, 2894, 2895, 2896, 2981, 2982, 2999,
1393, 1394, 1420, 1454, 1455, 1508, 1571, 1643, 3026, 3030, 3038, 3048, 3051, 3052, 3067, 3079,
1644, 1645, 1698, 1902, 1915, 2020, 2045, 2079, 3090, 3110, 3167, 3173, 3186, 3189, 3257, 3258,
2092, 2165, 2219, 2331, 2332, 2390, 2589, 2667, 3259, 3260, 3261, 3262, 3263, 3264, 3265, 3266
2692, 3220, 3221, 3222, 3223, 3224, 3225, 3226, 3227 Manchester, Greater 268, 575, 789, 790, 818, 931, 1063,
Derbyshire 407, 493, 534, 657, 682, 721, 769, 878, 889, 1172, 1206, 1371, 1460, 1579, 1693, 1694, 1714,
955, 956, 1090, 1112, 1168, 1181, 1202, 1212, 1226, 1761, 1870, 1938, 1979, 1991, 2170, 2611, 2612,
1259, 1366, 1509, 1510, 1646, 1647, 1755, 1756, 3174, 3178, 3267, 3268, 3269
1809, 1866, 1982, 1992, 2050, 2125, 2212, 2220, Hampshire 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 56,
2333, 2716, 3016, 3050, 3081, 3106, 3228, 3229, 94, 95, 96, 97, 141, 142, 143, 144, 145, 146, 147, 148,
3230, 3231 149, 150, 177, 178, 179, 250, 269, 295, 296, 297, 298,
Devon 232, 322, 447, 448, 484, 506, 535, 536, 614, 784, 327, 328, 329, 397, 398, 399, 400, 422, 486, 563, 587,
848, 921, 939, 957, 1039, 1064, 1067, 1092, 1114, 589, 676, 722, 819, 867, 964, 965, 1006, 1030, 1042,
1162, 1186, 1227, 1295, 1367, 1368, 1369, 1395, 1070, 1187, 1203, 1239, 1296, 1297, 1315, 1316,
1396, 1511, 1572, 1573, 1757, 1807, 1978, 2068, 1317, 1327, 1353, 1372, 1373, 1390, 1400, 1401,
2126, 2166, 2285, 2286, 2397, 2569, 2603, 2755, 1461, 1462, 1463, 1523, 1524, 1525, 1526, 1527,
3075, 3097, 3107, 3108, 3161, 3232, 3233, 3234, 1528, 1580, 1581, 1582, 1657, 1695, 1715, 1736,
3235, 3236 1805, 1824, 1852, 1857, 1871, 1918, 1919, 1939,
Dorset 23, 24, 83, 128, 129, 130, 131, 132, 133, 134, 1993, 2021, 2022, 2046, 2133, 2134, 2135, 2298,
135, 136, 137, 138, 139, 140, 195, 196, 197, 198, 199, 2299, 2300, 2301, 2302, 2365, 2427, 2428, 2482,
200, 420, 436, 537, 573, 670, 683, 732, 733, 741, 758, 2483, 2484, 2509, 2513, 2515, 2532, 2533, 2574,
772, 785, 786, 929, 958, 959, 1072, 1205, 1255, 1313, 2580, 2592, 2613, 2614, 2644, 2685, 2708, 2722,
1314, 1384, 1421, 1428, 1512, 1705, 1731, 1733, 2723, 2724, 2803, 2897, 2898, 2899, 2900, 2901,
1734, 1780, 1789, 1802, 1810, 1867, 2007, 2042, 2902, 2903, 2904, 2905, 3012, 3021, 3041, 3043,
2048, 2051, 2055, 2058, 2081, 2127, 2221, 2287, 3111, 3112, 3113, 3114, 3115, 3270, 3271, 3272,
2288, 2363, 2433, 2472, 2525, 2526, 2558, 2604, 3273, 3274, 3275, 3276, 3277
2605, 2682, 2717, 2776, 2777, 2814, 2883, 2884, Herefordshire 173, 323, 473, 648, 1835, 2106, 2136,
2885, 2886, 3019, 3083, 3109, 3158, 3237, 3238, 3239 2303, 2304, 2456, 2559, 2725, 3116
Dorset, Poole 1249, 1456, 1513 Hertfordshire 98, 222, 274, 299, 300, 301, 302, 330,
Essex 7, 25, 26, 55, 57, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 459, 510, 525, 557, 566, 608, 629, 644, 902, 916, 966,
221, 225, 226, 227, 228, 248, 249, 286, 287, 288, 289, 1111, 1143, 1146, 1178, 1200, 1240, 1278, 1298,
290, 291, 292, 293, 294, 326, 421, 449, 450, 451, 452, 1354, 1355, 1402, 1403, 1432, 1464, 1529, 1583,
453, 454, 455, 538, 539, 574, 649, 857, 879, 940, 960, 1658, 1659, 1798, 1822, 1842, 1858, 1872, 2005,
961, 1040, 1058, 1154, 1159, 1177, 1221, 1228, 1238, 2171, 2223, 2283, 2305, 2353, 2400, 2434, 2502,
1344, 1352, 1397, 1429, 1457, 1458, 1514, 1515, 2657, 2669, 2683, 2726, 3000, 3031
Isle of Wight 3, 14, 39, 40, 151, 152, 153, 154, 204, 321, 2270, 2307, 2308, 2338, 2339, 2340, 2402, 2403,
396, 588, 684, 849, 868, 903, 967, 1014, 1017, 1023, 2417, 2489, 2539, 2582, 2593, 2619, 2620, 2695,
1054, 1060, 1077, 1465, 1584, 1585, 1706, 1920, 2696, 2697, 2747, 2761, 2762, 2788, 2829, 2830,
1977, 2107, 2534, 2615, 2693, 2807, 2823, 2906, 2831, 2872, 2873, 2936, 2937, 2938, 2939, 2940,
2907, 2908, 2909, 2910, 2911, 2912, 2913, 2977, 2941, 2942, 2943, 2944, 2985, 3037, 3045, 3072,
3053, 3179 3098, 3121, 3122, 3307, 3308, 3309, 3310, 3311,
Kent 4, 8, 9, 18, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 99, 3312, 3313
100, 101, 174, 234, 235, 251, 252, 253, 263, 266, 270, Northamptonshire 117, 218, 254, 324, 349, 395, 489,
303, 304, 305, 426, 434, 437, 460, 487, 515, 541, 759, 559, 596, 598, 796, 826, 871, 886, 975, 1009, 1056,
791, 850, 904, 968, 969, 999, 1007, 1018, 1055, 1089, 1265, 1275, 1331, 1535, 1536, 1593, 1689, 1740,
1116, 1268, 1272, 1273, 1299, 1306, 1318, 1404, 1764, 1765, 1782, 1912, 1996, 2002, 2178, 2240,
1405, 1530, 1586, 1587, 1660, 1699, 1717, 1726, 2368, 2421, 2490, 2491, 2566, 2621, 2622, 2789,
1737, 1781, 1811, 1833, 1873, 1874, 1875, 1876, 2832, 2833, 3010, 3047, 3069, 3099, 3123, 3156,
1877, 1901, 1904, 1940, 1941, 1969, 2023, 2034, 3190, 3314, 3315, 3316, 3317, 3318, 3319
2052, 2076, 2098, 2115, 2172, 2224, 2225, 2260, Northumberland 519, 591, 633, 645, 653, 654, 726, 770,
2366, 2367, 2381, 2382, 2401, 2429, 2431, 2457, 853, 896, 943, 976, 1000, 1057, 1100, 1113, 1118,
2458, 2485, 2486, 2503, 2504, 2535, 2536, 2570, 1148, 1171, 1173, 1188, 1347, 1359, 1387, 1594,
2575, 2616, 2645, 2646, 2647, 2658, 2665, 2727, 1664, 1966, 1980, 2016, 2179, 2180, 2181, 2271,
2745, 2758, 2759, 2760, 2785, 2786, 2824, 2825, 2309, 2310, 2311, 2422, 2423, 2510, 2698, 2731,
2826, 2827, 2871, 2914, 2915, 2916, 2917, 2918, 2732, 2870, 3027, 3080, 3157, 3320, 3321
2919, 2920, 2921, 2922, 2923, 2924, 2925, 2926, Nottinghamshire 333, 391, 404, 502, 516, 526, 578, 616,
2927, 2928, 2929, 2983, 2991, 3001, 3002, 3003, 671, 690, 691, 762, 773, 884, 977, 978, 1001, 1119,
3036A, 3040, 3046, 3117, 3171, 3278, 3279, 3280, 1244, 1423, 1469, 1537, 1595, 1596, 1665, 1666,
3281, 3282, 3283, 3284 1709, 1741, 1843, 1853, 1881, 2119, 2203, 2424,
Lancashire 13, 542, 543, 553, 576, 590, 630, 641, 658, 2440, 2562, 2986, 3124, 3125, 3126, 3322, 3323
685, 686, 723, 792, 820, 851, 941, 942, 970, 1198, Oxfordshire 5, 50, 111, 156, 182, 306, 307, 308, 462,
1213, 1229, 1248, 1287, 1433, 1466, 1661, 1738, 463, 508, 520, 579, 647, 655, 659, 771, 862, 880, 949,
1832, 1878, 2024, 2336, 2377, 2383, 2435, 2787, 979, 1131, 1135, 1189, 1208, 1241, 1285, 1290, 1332,
2930, 3118, 3285, 3286, 3287, 3288, 3289, 3290 1340, 1341, 1538, 1597, 1630, 1719, 1720, 1812,
Leicestershire 102, 217, 223, 438, 488, 577, 607, 615, 1818, 1855, 1882, 1923, 1924, 1959, 1963, 1983,
821, 843, 858, 876, 971, 1246, 1264, 1274, 1279, 2003, 2035, 2070, 2073, 2078, 2082, 2095, 2182,
1374, 1406, 1531, 1707, 1718, 1762, 1763, 1790, 2214, 2272, 2312, 2313, 2369, 2384, 2404, 2467,
1817, 1921, 1957, 1994, 2009, 2061, 2062, 2173, 2492, 2568, 2623, 2659, 2678, 2790, 2791, 2809,
2205, 2581, 2686, 2694, 2707, 2728, 2931, 2932, 2834, 2835, 2836, 2837, 2838, 2839, 2840, 2992,
3291, 3292, 3293, 3294 3127, 3324, 3325, 3326, 3327, 3328, 3329, 3330
Lincolnshire 2, 113, 114, 115, 194, 213, 214, 265, 408, Rutland 1631, 2437, 2493, 2945, 2946, 3331, 3332, 3333
409, 410, 411, 413, 415, 423, 461, 507, 674, 734, 748, Shropshire 271, 335, 389, 530, 558, 617, 692, 693, 757,
776, 822, 839, 852, 891, 898, 972, 1043, 1088, 1214, 887, 909, 910, 944, 1002, 1120, 1435, 1436, 1437,
1328, 1356, 1375, 1434, 1467, 1532, 1533, 1588, 1470, 1598, 1710, 1742, 1783, 1813, 1825, 2064,
1708, 1727, 1739, 1791, 1834, 1942, 1943, 1968, 2096, 2183, 2207, 2273, 2341, 2452, 2494, 2624,
1972, 2063, 2108, 2137, 2138, 2160, 2174, 2213, 2660, 2742, 3055, 3334
2261, 2306, 2337, 2394, 2436, 2464, 2487, 2488, Somerset 157, 201, 464, 465, 531, 544, 694, 827, 1121,
2505, 2537, 2617, 2729, 2746, 2933, 2984, 3013, 1163, 1269, 1291, 1320, 1377, 1409, 1438, 1471,
3054, 3063, 3077, 3119, 3295, 3296, 3297, 3298, 1472, 1473, 1474, 1539, 1540, 1541, 1599, 1600,
3299, 3300, 3301, 3302, 3303 1601, 1602, 1667, 1668, 1690, 1696, 1743, 1766,
Lincolnshire, North 103, 116, 352, 823, 1076, 1102, 1767, 1768, 1800, 1844, 1845, 1883, 1909, 1946,
1109, 1215, 1257, 1468, 1688, 1728, 2118, 2175, 1974, 1981, 1984, 1997, 1998, 2036, 2037, 2053,
2176, 2206, 2677, 2730, 2808, 2828, 2934, 2935, 2056, 2083, 2093, 2109, 2116, 2141, 2142, 2241,
3014, 3304, 3305, 3306 2274, 2275, 2342, 2354, 2355, 2370, 2385, 2405,
Lincolnshire, North East 104, 155, 1078 2459, 2460, 2516, 2540, 2541, 2564, 2572, 2583,
Merseyside 1376, 2538, 2618, 3120 2625, 2648, 2661, 2699, 2700, 2701, 2709, 2733,
Norfolk 6, 46, 47, 48, 49, 74, 105, 106, 107, 108, 109, 2743, 2763, 2764, 2841, 2842, 2843, 2947, 2948,
110, 175, 180, 181, 205, 237, 238, 239, 240, 241, 242, 2949, 2978, 2993, 3006, 3128, 3129, 3180, 3335,
276, 277, 278, 279, 331, 332, 346, 347, 348, 363, 364, 3336, 3337, 3338, 3339, 3340, 3341
365, 366, 367, 368, 369, 370, 371, 372, 373, 374, 375, Somerset, North 1251, 1410, 1542, 1788, 1792, 1793,
376, 390, 427, 428, 432, 435, 443, 474, 475, 564, 593, 1895, 1999, 2057, 2242, 2314, 2386, 2406, 2407,
602, 631, 650, 687, 688, 689, 724, 725, 736, 756, 767, 2542, 2626, 2679, 2844, 3044, 3181, 3342
793, 794, 795, 824, 825, 869, 870, 907, 917, 925, 928, Staffordshire 261, 267, 414, 442, 496, 517, 580, 581,
973, 974, 1008, 1031, 1061, 1074, 1086, 1117, 1133, 634, 727, 742, 774, 797, 872, 897, 912, 945, 1066,
1138, 1144, 1158, 1160, 1169, 1179, 1204, 1216, 1087, 1122, 1123, 1276, 1360, 1475, 1603, 1700,
1230, 1258, 1266, 1288, 1289, 1319, 1329, 1330, 1711, 1729, 2143, 2356, 2465, 2627, 3091, 3343, 3344
1357, 1358, 1385, 1407, 1408, 1422, 1534, 1589, Suffolk 19, 51, 75, 112, 183, 184, 209, 210, 211, 262,
1590, 1591, 1592, 1633, 1662, 1663, 1716, 1799, 272, 280, 281, 309, 310, 311, 336, 337, 350, 351, 377,
1879, 1880, 1922, 1944, 1945, 1958, 1995, 2000, 378, 379, 424, 433, 439, 440, 466, 471, 472, 478, 482,
2008, 2011, 2029, 2069, 2077, 2103, 2139, 2140, 494, 504, 551, 560, 571, 604, 675, 737, 798, 828, 905,
2177, 2202, 2226, 2227, 2228, 2229, 2230, 2231, 908, 980, 1022, 1145, 1149, 1156, 1217, 1225, 1300,
2232, 2233, 2234, 2235, 2236, 2237, 2238, 2239, 1307, 1321, 1322, 1361, 1411, 1476, 1604, 1605,
2262, 2263, 2264, 2265, 2266, 2267, 2268, 2269, 1606, 1669, 1670, 1671, 1672, 1721, 1769, 1786,
1821, 1856, 1905, 1925, 1975, 2025, 2026, 2184, 1747, 1748, 1885, 1926, 1927, 1961, 2091, 2101,
2315, 2316, 2343, 2344, 2418, 2419, 2461, 2495, 2191, 2244, 2245, 2324, 2347, 2411, 2447, 2560,
2584, 2628, 2629, 2670, 2845, 2846, 2847, 2848, 2563, 2635, 2653, 2672, 2769, 2794, 2795, 2857,
2849, 2950, 2951, 2952, 2953, 2954, 2955, 2956, 2858, 2859, 2860, 2969, 2970, 2971, 2972, 2973,
2957, 2958, 2959, 2960, 2987, 3022, 3032, 3033, 2995, 3008, 3024, 3034, 3085, 3143, 3386, 3387,
3061, 3064, 3070, 3084, 3130, 3131, 3187, 3345, 3388, 3389, 3390, 3391, 3392
3346, 3347, 3348, 3349, 3350, 3351, 3352, 3353 Yorkshire, South 118, 514, 561, 599, 600, 700, 701, 702,
Surrey 76, 77, 158, 159, 185, 312, 441, 562, 618, 775, 738, 744, 752, 802, 833, 881, 892, 894, 911, 914, 923,
829, 830, 1003, 1543, 1634, 1906, 1964, 1986, 2031, 947, 987, 988, 1011, 1024, 1050, 1051, 1065, 1083,
2088, 2185, 2317, 2387, 2408, 2496, 2702, 2850, 1084, 1098, 1136, 1164, 1196, 1197, 1222, 1242,
3068, 3132, 3133, 3354, 3355, 3356, 3357 1262, 1280, 1281, 1309, 1323, 1336, 1339, 1342,
Sussex 1673 1343, 1378, 1445, 1483, 1484, 1485, 1486, 1487,
Sussex, East 78, 186, 187, 188, 189, 224, 246, 247, 380, 1553, 1616, 1617, 1618, 1682, 1683, 1723, 1749,
632, 638, 642, 695, 1010, 1044, 1139, 1231, 1301, 1750, 1774, 1775, 1947, 2019, 2059, 2152, 2216,
1302, 1412, 1413, 1415, 1477, 1478, 1479, 1544, 2279, 2412, 2463, 2468, 2497, 2548, 2549, 2748,
1607, 1608, 1674, 1675, 1676, 1691, 1701, 1744, 3039, 3086, 3087, 3144, 3393, 3394, 3395, 3396, 3397
1770, 2318, 2734, 3073, 3358 Yorkshire, West 1, 233, 412, 425, 430, 490, 505, 609,
Sussex, West 160, 161, 162, 163, 164, 165, 190, 191, 643, 664, 665, 666, 703, 704, 705, 706, 834, 835, 877,
255, 256, 313, 314, 315, 316, 317, 338, 401, 603, 660, 885, 1108, 1125, 1193, 1194, 1199, 1245, 1250, 1324,
672, 713, 831, 932, 1260, 1284, 1362, 1439, 1545, 1488, 1489, 1554, 1555, 1619, 1620, 1751, 1776,
1609, 1677, 1678, 1679, 1680, 1836, 2110, 2144, 1840, 1886, 1948, 2001, 2246, 2250, 2373, 2561,
2145, 2243, 2345, 2543, 2630, 2662, 2703, 2735, 2636, 2988, 3168, 3398, 3399
2792, 2806, 2961, 3036, 3134, 3135, 3359 England, Uncertain 11, 176, 1819
Teesside 416, 832, 873, 1101, 1292, 1610, 1611, 1816,
2204, 2319, 2358, 2442, 2544, 2649, 2851, 2962, 3065
Tyne & Wear 582, 619, 696, 799, 809, 1032, 1440, 1612,
1960, 1988, 2014, 2117, 2146, 2409 Wales
Warwickshire 318, 339, 393, 467, 476, 500, 620, 621,
661, 662, 697, 763, 854, 946, 1103, 1180, 1293, 1416,
Bridgend 806, 1183, 1363, 1558, 1796, 2018
1771, 1772, 1985, 2276, 2371, 2466, 2545, 2546,
Caerphilly 1559
2704, 2710, 2765, 3004, 3071, 3078, 3136, 3170, 3360
Cardiff 1491, 1492, 1684, 1962
West Midlands 521, 622, 764, 926, 1613, 2186, 2443,
Carmarthenshire 569, 585, 710, 875, 1218, 1263, 1379,
2446, 3056, 3361
1622, 1685, 1837, 1846, 1887, 1949, 1950, 2350,
Wiltshire 52, 53, 54, 166, 167, 168, 169, 170, 171, 172,
2550, 2551, 2637, 2739, 3146, 3405
192, 202, 203, 208, 257, 258, 259, 260, 273, 319, 320,
Ceredigion 491, 511, 1380, 1623, 1624, 1777, 1815,
325, 340, 341, 385, 402, 429, 545, 546, 583, 635, 716,
1820, 1888, 3406
750, 751, 760, 800, 840, 844, 981, 982, 983, 1028,
Conwy 625, 1093, 1152, 1253, 1560, 1828, 1847, 1848,
1045, 1046, 1124, 1150, 1161, 1190, 1308, 1333,
1854, 1889, 1890, 1928, 1973, 2017, 2027, 2038,
1441, 1442, 1480, 1481, 1546, 1632, 1681, 1697,
2071, 2074, 2153, 2325, 2498, 2557, 2597, 2706,
1712, 1713, 1722, 1730, 1794, 1795, 1814, 1841,
2796, 3147, 3407
1896, 1907, 1971, 1976, 1990, 2041, 2047, 2067,
Denbighshire 729, 1175, 1192, 2154, 2247, 2326, 3076,
2099, 2100, 2111, 2112, 2113, 2147, 2148, 2187,
3408, 3409, 3410, 3411
2188, 2189, 2209, 2215, 2277, 2320, 2321, 2359,
Flintshire 3062
2391, 2441, 2444, 2511, 2594, 2595, 2596, 2631,
Gwynedd 206, 548, 586, 646, 714, 993, 1052, 1155,
2632, 2650, 2651, 2652, 2663, 2671, 2680, 2681,
1252, 1417, 1561, 1625, 1829, 1849, 1891, 1951,
2684, 2741, 2766, 2767, 2768, 2793, 2810, 2852,
1965, 2094, 2192, 2374, 2797, 3412, 3413, 3414,
2853, 2854, 2963, 2964, 2994, 3007, 3015, 3018,
3415
3023, 3094, 3137, 3138, 3139, 3140, 3141, 3188,
Isle of Anglesey 565, 1282, 1286, 1335, 1493, 1778,
3362, 3363, 3364, 3365, 3366, 3367, 3368, 3369,
1830, 1838, 1850, 1892, 1893, 2102, 2161, 2193,
3370, 3371
2210, 2351, 2552, 2740, 2798, 3095, 3148, 3416
Worcestershire 193, 342, 343, 353, 386, 387, 388, 468,
Merthyr Tydfil 2352
698, 1207, 1232, 1256, 1261, 1745, 1884, 1910, 1989,
Monmouthshire 212, 444, 445, 469, 528, 677, 1236,
2049, 2089, 2346, 2585, 2855, 2965, 3142, 3372,
1283, 1310, 1562, 1563, 1626, 1831, 1899, 1929,
3373, 3374, 3375, 3376
2013, 2032, 2155, 2156, 2194, 2195, 2282, 2327,
York, City of 513, 747, 1047, 1095, 1106, 1233, 1234,
2375, 2392, 2638, 2664, 2799, 2862, 2863, 2864,
2015, 2322, 2323, 2357, 2410, 2425, 2454, 2506,
2865, 2866, 2867, 3005, 3149, 3150, 3417, 3418
2736, 3057, 3377
Neath Port Talbot 1911
Yorkshire, East 215, 394, 406, 417, 418, 419, 555, 610,
Newport 512, 594, 605, 626, 627, 711, 735, 766, 807,
728, 801, 841, 855, 859, 922, 984, 1013, 1048, 1182,
924, 1096, 1129, 1345, 1346, 1686, 1806, 2157, 2639,
1235, 1334, 1547, 1614, 1746, 1773, 1987, 2004,
2800
2090, 2149, 2150, 2151, 2190, 2278, 2372, 2462,
Pembrokeshire 207, 549, 1381, 1627, 1628, 1784, 1803,
2547, 2633, 2634, 2801, 2856, 2966, 2967, 2968,
1839, 1894, 2512, 2571, 2576, 3151, 3419, 3420, 3421
3058, 3093, 3182, 3378, 3379, 3380, 3381, 3382,
Powys 334, 470, 550, 554, 637, 712, 739, 882, 888, 1220,
3383, 3384, 3385
1382, 1383, 1446, 2104, 2114, 2158, 2196, 2197,
Yorkshire, North 216, 392, 405, 477, 498, 518, 547, 556,
2248, 2640, 3152, 3422, 3423, 3424
663, 699, 717, 893, 901, 906, 985, 986, 1033, 1034,
Swansea 808, 994, 1564, 1687, 1703, 1724, 1851, 1930,
1049, 1132, 1140, 1277, 1391, 1414, 1443, 1444,
2085, 2376
1482, 1548, 1549, 1550, 1551, 1552, 1615, 1692,
Vale of Glamorgan 718, 837, 861, 1337, 1348, 1908, Republic of Ireland
1952, 1970, 2065, 2072, 2159, 2328, 2329
Wrexham 592, 1167, 2249, 3169
Cork 3426
Dublin 719
Leitrim 2348
Scotland Meath 2349, 2687
Wicklow 707
Aberdeenshire 803, 1094, 1126, 3183

Angus 495, 918
Ayrshire 740, 2737 Northern Ireland
Dumfries & Galloway 220, 584, 624, 636, 678, 731, 753,
874, 1134, 2084, 2280, 2414, 3049, 3184
East Dunbartonshire 715, 930, 3400, 3401 Antrim 623, 948, 3425
East Lothian 2974 Londonderry 3035
Falkirk 1174
Fife 777, 856, 860, 1059, 1127, 1151, 3042, 3402
Glasgow 3185
Highland 845, 1967, 3403, 3404 Channel Islands 1237, 1325, 1953
Midlothian 527, 933, 2281, 2738
Moray 836, 989, 1068, 1071, 2416
North Lanarkshire 998
Orkney 997
Perth & Kinross 708, 927, 990, 995, 1021, 1029, 1079 Uncertain 1166, 1191, 1254, 1490, 1556, 1621,
Scottish Borders 15, 497, 601, 709, 805, 1016, 1104, 2413, 2445, 2705, 2749, 2804, 2861
1147, 2054
South Lanarkshire 804, 810, 996, 1557
Stirlingshire 595, 673, 3145
West Lothian 611, 991, 992
Western Isles 1128
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GENERAL INDEX
Abdy, Richard 6, 34, 45, 55, 62, 72, 73, 108, 109, 118, Bateson, Donal 6
123 Bath 5, 19, 68, 74, 76, 87
Abritus 94 Beachy Head 73, 79
Adderstone 77 BEATA TRANQVILLITAS 102, 103
Ager, Barry 20 Beau Street 68, 74
Agricola 34, 46, 47, 50, 59 Beech 39
Aitchison, Kenneth 7, 8, 62 Belgium 61, 92, 128
Akerman, James Yonge 2 Berkshire 29, 38, 40, 43, 58
Alfred the Great 12 Besly, Edward 10, 11, 21, 88
Allectus 64, 75, 84, 85, 88, 89, 96, 97, 99, 101, 102, Beverston 17, pl. 3
119 Bicester 84
Allen, Derek 34, 48 Bishops Cannings 108, 109, 111, 113
Allen, Martin 8, 11 Bishops Wood 104
Alps 46, 92, 112 Bitterne 88
Anastasius 100 Blackburn, Mark 7, 8, 10–12, 113
Ancient Monuments Act 3 Blackmoor 68, 87, 88
Anglesey 82, 83 Blanchet, Adrien 3, 61, 62
Anthemius 110, 113 Bland, Roger 5, 19, 70, 72, 85, 122, 125, 129
Antonine Wall 8, 47, 53, 55 Bloomberg site 30
Antonines 52 Boon, George 5, 80
Antoninus Pius 40, 42, 47, 52–5, 122 Borden 39
Aquileia 113 Boudica 48
Aquitania 92 Bourne End 77
Arandora Star 22 Bradley, Richard 7, 8, 14, 15, 62, 66, 81, 84
Archaeologia 2 Brampton 21
argentei 102 Bramshaw 39
Arnside 86–5 Bredgar 35, 122, pl. 11
Ash cum Ridley 39 Bredon Hill 18, 23, 69
Ashbourne area 81 Brickstock, Richard 6
Ashmolean Museum 3, 72 Brigantes 32
Ashwell 19, 40, pl. 4 Briggs, Stephen 10
asses 26, 29, 30, 38, 42, 45, 47, 52, 66, 89, 101, 102 Britannia 1, 2, 51, 53, 54, 56
Asthall 81 British Empire 48, 71
Athelstan 20 British Museum 2, 3, 5, 6, 8, 11, 15, 16, 22, 38, 51,
Atrebates 29 54–6, 58, 59, 63, 64, 66, 112, 113, 123, 125
Atticus 30 British Numismatic Journal 5
Augustus 4, 26, 29, 30, 39 brooches 125, 126, 128
Aulus Plautius 32 Buckinghamshire 17
aurei 2, 17, 35, 42–7, 52, 55, 57, 59, 64, 65, 81, 84, Bulgaria 92, 128
98, 101–3 Burnett, Andrew 6, 30, 64, 85, 88
Aurelian 61, 63, 71, 75–9, 85, 95, 96, 99, 119 Burton Hey 66, 81, 84
aureliani 63, 69, 78, 80, 85, 99, 119 Burton Latimer 86
Aurelius Ursicinus 114, pl. 29 Bushe-Fox, J. P. 42
Austria 128 Butcher, Kevin 6
Bagaudae 61 ‘C’ mint 82, 83–8

Bagendon 43 Cadeby 76
Balbinus 56, 57, 75 Cae Bardd 103
Ballinrees 125 Caernarvon 82
barbarous radiates 80, 119 Caerwent 3, 82, 85
Barway 40, 42 Caister St Edmunds 115
Batavians 46 Caligula 26, 29, 38, 39
Calverton 81 Cottam 104

Cambridge 5, 8 Coventina’s Well 19
Cambridgeshire 21, 35, 38–40, 42, 76, 87 Cowbit 76
Camden, William 1 Cowlam 104, 105
Candidus 46, 47 Creighton, John 6, 25, 45
Canterbury 64, 66, 81, 82, 85, 97, 101 Crisp, Dave 71
Caracalla 42, 57–9, 62, 63 Crondall 97
Caratacus 35 crossbow brooch 125, 126
Carausius 2, 3, 63, 64, 66, 71, 72, 75, 78–82, 84, 85, Croydon 82
88, 89, 91, 96, 123 Cuerdale 12, 20, 113
Cardiff Castle 17, 74 Cumbria 86, 87
Carmarthenshire 83 Cunetio 66, 68, 70, pl. 21–2
Carson, Robert 35, 84, 89, 103, 110, 122 Cunliffe, Barry 42
Cartimandua 32 Cunobelin 25, 34, 35, 39
Carus 71, 75, 79, 80, 88 Curridge 58, 405
Casey, John 4, 5, 7, 9, 62–5, 76, 84, 94, 123
Catterick 47 Dallinghoo 16, 397
Ceredigion 81, 82 Danube 76, 92, 94, 121, 125, 126
Chalcott 101 Davies, John 6, 80
Chalfont St Peter 17, 18, 73 de Jersey, Philip 6, 34
Chalgrove 72 de la Bédoyère, Guy 123, 125
Channel Islands 88, 89 denarii 2, 12, 29, 30, 35, 38, 42–59, 62, 63, 65, 66, 68,
Charlwood 40 71, 73–7, 82, 85, 89, 98, 101–103, 105, 110, 119
Charterhouse in Mendip 121, 122 Denmark 128
Chatham Lines 97, 110, 113 Depeyrot, Georges 110
Chatteris 40 Derbyshire 38, 39, 40, 80, 81, 122
Chawton 39 Devon 77, 79, 85, 104
Checkendon 40 Didcot 55, pl. 18
Cheddar 84 Dilton Marsh 101
Cheesman, Clive 62, 85, 88 Dinorben 82
Chepstow 104 Dio 53, 56, 57, 84
Cheselbourne 76 Diocletian 71, 75, 79, 80, 84, 88, 89, 95, 97, 100–2,
Cheshire 35, 38, 39, 80, 81 119
Chetney 39 Domitian 40, 42, 45, 47, 72, 76
Chilterns 77 Doncaster 79, 96, 97, 102
Chippenham 35 Dorchester 68, 73, 76
Cirencester 105 Dorset 29, 38, 39, 40, 42, 43, 76, 77, 81, 104, 118
Civil War 10, 11, 14, 20, 91 Downton 42
Clacton area 39 Droitwich 86
Clapton in Gordano 84, 89 Dubnovellaunos 39
Claudius 25, 26, 29, 30, 34, 35, 38–40, 61, 64, 71, 75, Duncan–Jones, Richard 55, 56
76, 91, 122 Dunera 22
Clausentum 84, 96 dupondii 45, 47, 89, 101, 102
Claydon Pike 86 Durham 19
Cobham 39 Durotriges 42, 43
Cogidumnus 32 Dwyran 83
Colchester 38, 40, 43, 58, 84, 86, 88, 96, 115
Coleraine 125 East Anglia 7, 32, 34, 38, 85, 89, 114, 115, 117, 118
Coleshill 106 East Dereham 39
Cologne 78 East Harnham 84, 88, 89
Colyton 104 Edgar 12
comitatenses 126 Edward IV, 20
Commodus 40, 42, 46, 47, 52, 53, 56, 76 Edwards, Murray 11
Constantine I 99, 102, 103, 105, 110, 111, 119 Elagabalus 50, 56
Constantine III, 108, 109, 113, 115, 118, 122, 123 Elizabeth I, 14
Constantius I 64, 84, 85, 89, 96, 119 Elveden 87, 88
Constantius II 100, 106, 112, 122 English Heritage 3
Conwy 82, 83, 84, 87 Eriswell 39
Corbridge 17, 55, 122 Esmonde Cleary, Simon 123, 126
Corieltauvi 29, 34, 40, 43 Essex 38–9, 79, 86
Cornwall 5, 39, 40, 76, 77, 79, 81, 85, 101, 118 Evans, John 3
GENERAL INDEX 357
Evenley 89, 101 Guelma 59

Everton 84 Guernsey 88, 89
Ewelme 81, 85, 87, 88 Guest, Peter 6, 7, 18, 56, 62, 75, 82, 83–9, 110, 113,
EX ARG 121, 122 117, 122–4
Eye 40, 115 Guggisberg, Martin 125, 126
Gwynedd 82, 84
Falmouth 89, 101, 102
FEL TEMP REPARATIO 80, 100, 104–6 Hackney Gazette 22
Felixstowe 76, 84 Hackney hoard pl. 6–7
Fidelity rings 126 Hadrian 3, 4, 8, 29, 30, 40, 42, 46, 47, 50–2, 55, 56,
Field Baulk 38, pl. 12 59, 71, 79, 109, 118, 122
Fishpool 20 Hadrian’s Wall 3, 4, 8, 30, 46, 50, 52, 55, 56, 79, 109,
Flaggrass 76 118
Flamstead 76 Hallaton 15, 16, 39, 40, pl. 13–14
Flanders 92 Ham Hill 59, 76
Flavians 38, 50–2 Hammersmith 82
Flavius Victor 108 Hampshire 15, 29, 38, 39, 42, 43, 77, 82, 84, 87, 88
Florian 71, 75, 77, 79, 80, 85 Haselgrove, Colin 7, 11, 25, 29, 30, 34, 35, 43
Forncett 39 Haupt, Peter 89
Fosse Way 32 Head, Barclay 3
Fox, Bertram 3 Hengistbury Head 40, 42
France 1, 8, 59, 61, 92, 96, 122, 128 Henry I, 14
Frensham Common 40 Henry VIII, 1
Frome 7, 19, 23, 68, 71, 72, 83, 96 Herefordshire 82, 104
Hertfordshire 38–40, 76, 77, 79, 81, 83, 84
Galba 35, 40 Hill, George 3
Gale, Roger 1 Hobbs, Richard 6–8, 11, 12, 62, 75, 76, 92–5, 116,
Gale, Samuel 1 121, 123, 125
Gallia Belgica 91 Hod Hill 43
Gallic Empire 48, 63, 71, 76, 77, 79, 80, 95, 99, 119 Holdenhurst 40, 42
Gallienus 61, 63, 64, 66, 71, 75–7, 81, 89, 91, 95 Holyhead 103, 105
Gare 59, 77 Honley 40
Garonne 59 Honorius 69, 108, 112, 113, 115
Gaul 5, 18, 30, 38, 61–3, 72, 79, 89, 91, 92, 94, 113, Horndean 97
121, 126 Horsley, John 1
Gedgrave 39 Hoveringham 83
GENIO POPVLI ROMANI 102 Hoxne 8, 12, 18, 104, 109, 111–16, 121, 122,
Gentleman’s Magazine 2 pl. 28–9
Germany 22, 61, 63, 76, 89, 121, 126, 128 Humber 32
Geta 57 Humberstone 29
Ghey, Eleanor 6, 25, 55 Hungary 128
Gibson, Edmund 1 Hunterian Museum 6
Gilljam, Hans 65
Gilmorton 87 Iceni 30, 32, 34, 38, 39, 42, 43
Glevum 84 Ijzer 91
GLORIA EXERCITVS 99, 100, 103, 104, 106 Ingoldisthorpe 39
GLORIA ROMANORVM 109, 110 ingots 1, 125–8
Gloucester 85, 89 IOVI CONSERVATORI 101
Gloucestershire 17, 77, 79, 81, 85, 86, 89, 104, 105 Irchester 68
Godmanchester 87 Ireland 5, 6, 20, 34, 45, 53, 56, 126, 128
Gordian 59, 62, 63, 74–6 Isle of Wight 29, 88, 118
Gough, Richard 2 Italy 1, 7, 101, 121, 122, 126, 128
Graham, Alan 71, 72 Iwade 39
Gratian 100
Gratus 30 Jackson, Ralph 19, 123
Great Chart 40 Jerbourg 88
Great Orme 83 Johnson, Maurice 1, 2
Gricourt, Daniel 91, 92 Joist Fen 39
Grierson, Philip 7, 62 Jovian 100
Grove 39 Julia Domna 58
Gruber, Herbert 3 Julian 100, 105, 106, 112, 125
Kaiserfibeln 126 Marham 88

Kent 1, 2, 15, 20, 29, 35, 38–40, 43, 76, 81, 82, 85, Market Drayton 82
86, 101, 103, 105 Marlborough 81
Kilby 81 Mattingly, David 123
Kimbolton 82 Mattingly, Harold 3, 25, 32, 34, 45, 51, 52, 54, 61,
King’s Langley 107 68, 73, 77, 94, 96, 122, 123, 126
Kingston on Thames 1, 97 Mattishall 39
Knaresborough 87 Maximian 2, 3, 71, 75, 79, 80, 83, 86, 88, 89, 101,
102
Lacock 86, 89 Mendip Hills 122
Laelian, 65, 76 Milan 101, 108, 111, 112, 113
laeti 126 Mildenhall 11, 114, 116
Lakenheath 39 miliarenses 98, 102, 103, 105–11, 119, 121
Lancashire 80, 82 Millbrook 84
Lancaster 82, 86 Ministry of Works 3
Langtoft 89, 101, 102 Mommsen, Theodor 121
Laugharne 83 Monmouthshire 82, 85, 88, 104
Lavant 77 Mons Graupius 50
Leafield 40 Moorhead, Sam 6, 29, 32–5, 84
Leicester 29 Morecambe Bay 87
Leicestershire 39, 76, 81, 87
Leland, John 1 National Museum of Wales 6
Leominster 82 Neath Port Talbot 86
Letwell 77 Nero 12, 26–30, 35, 38, 39, 48, 122
Leysdown 76 Nerva 47, 50, 52, 76, 122
Libius Severus 118 Nesscliffe 104
Lichfield 126 Nether Compton 103, 104
Licinius 102 Netherlands 46, 61, 128
Lightcliffe 40 Nevill Holt 76
Lilleshall 69 Newark on Trent 20
Lillyhorn 85, 89 Newton North 83
Lime Street 76 Norfolk 5, 15, 16, 38, 39, 43, 76, 79, 88
Linchmere 83, 85, 96 Normanby 68, 78, 82, 85
Lincolnshire 8, 29, 76, 82 Norrie’s Law 97
Little Orme 83, 84, 102, 103 North Africa 128
Littlechester 76 North Creake 39
Littleport 39, 76, 77 North Sea 61, 96
Llanfihangel din Sylwy 82 North West Norfolk 39
Llanfihangel–y–Pennant 84 Northamptonshire 77, 86, 101
Lockyear, Kris 6 Northumberland 18, 77, 109
Lollius Urbicus 53 Northumbria 20
London 1–4, 19, 21, 30, 35, 38, 40, 46, 57, 77, 79, 82, Norton Subcourse 39
83–9, 125 Notitia Dignitatum 126
London Bridge 2, 3, 19 Nottinghamshire 20, 83, 84
Loriot, Xavier 5, 122, 129 Numismatic Chronicle 2, 5
Low Countries 1 Numismatic Society of London 2
Luton Museum pl. 17 nummi 9, 12, 18, 64, 68, 75, 89, 97–110, 114, 119,
Luxembourg 61 120
Lydney Park 80 Nunney 39
Lyminge, 39 Nutbourne 39
Macdonald, George 6, 17 O’Neil, B H St J 3, 122

Maeatae 56, 59 obryziacum 119
Magnentius 105, 106 Octavius 46, 47
Magnus Maximus 107, 108 Old Buckenham 39
Mairat 76, 78 Oliver’s Orchard 73
Malpas 39 Orford 39
Manchester 35, 106, 107 Orna–Ornstein, John 34, 38, 48, 118
Marbury cum Quoisley 39 Orselina 59
March 22, 47, pl. 12 Ostorius Scapula 34
Marcus Aurelius 47, 52, 53, 55, 56, 59, 122 Otho 35
GENERAL INDEX 359
Owermoigne 39 Romania 122, 128

Owslebury 35 Rouen 81–84, 96
Oxborough 97, 110 Royal Numismatic Society 2, 5
Oxfordshire 38–40, 55, 72, 77, 81, 84, 86, 87 Russia 128
Painter, Kenneth 19, 21, 91, 116, 125 Salem 81

Palgrave 40 Salisbury 15, 83
Patching 97, 110, 113, 118, 121, pl. 31 Salway, Peter 25, 45, 92, 123
Paterio 30 Sandridge 116, pl. 30
Pearce, J. W. E. 122 Santon Downham 40
Pembrokeshire 83 Savernake 40
Penard 83 Scandinavia 121
Penhallurick, Roger 5 Schelde 91
Pennines 76 Scole 39
Pen-y-Corddwyn-Mawr 87 Scotland 6, 8, 34, 47, 50, 53–8
Pepys, Samuel 21–3 Scottow 76
Petts, David 8, 19 Seaton Down 103, 104, pl. 27
Philip I 6, 7, 34, 64, 75, 76 Sedgeford 16
Piercebridge 19 Segontium 82
plague 55, 56 Selby, Alan 22
Plompton 87 Senuna 19
Poland 128 Septimius Severus 45, 47, 50, 56, 57, 59, 122
Port Tennant 86 Serbia 128
Portable Antiquities Scheme (PAS), 5, 6, 9, 25–8, 31, sestertii 45, 47, 51, 54, 58, 59, 64, 76, 102
32, 34, 38, 43, 46, 47, 50, 52, 56, 59, 69, 75–8, 85, Severina 71, 77
89, 97, 99–113, 118, 119, 126, pl. 6–10, pl. 13–16, Severn Valley 35
pl. 24 Severus Alexander 56, 57, 64
Postumus 40, 59, 62, 63–2, 71, 75–4, 95 Shapwick 57, pl. 19
Powys 34, 35, 103, 122 Sheepen Farm 40
Poynter, John 2 Shiel, Norman 85
PPG 16 4 Shillington 52, pl. 17
Prasutagus 32 Shotter, David 5
Preshute 81 Shrewsbury area 104
Probus 18, 40, 69, 71, 75, 77, 79–8, 88, 89, 95 Shropshire 35, 69, 82, 104, 122
Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland 6 Silchester 3, 82, 84
PROVIDENTIAE AVGG/CAESS 102, 103 siliquae 1, 71, 98, 100–113, 119, 121, 122, 126
Pulborough 39 silver plate 8, 125, 126–8
Pumsaint 83 Skewen 86
Puncknoll 81 Slovenia 128
Pupienus 56, 57 Smith, Charles Roach 2, 3
Snettisham 15, 39
‘Q–radiates’ 87, 88 Society of Antiquaries 2, 3, 6
Quidenham 39 SOLI INVICTO COMITI 100, 102, 103
quinarii 30, 88 solidi 1, 19, 98, 101, 102, 105–16, 118, 125
Somerset 38, 39, 57, 71, 76, 79, 81, 83–7, 89, 101
radiate 1, 9, 10, 12, 17–19, 40, 45, 48, 56, 61–109, South Norfolk 39
112, 114, 119, 120, 129, 139, 146 South Norwood 82
Ravenna 108, 112, 113 Southsea 105
Redhill 69 Spain 29, 63, 100, 126
Reece, Richard 3–5, 7, 9, 25, 29, 32, 42–3, 62, 64, 66, Sparkford 86
67, 71, 80, 89, 97, 99–101, 104, 118, 121, 123 SPES REI PVBLICE 100, 105
Regni 32 Spurius 30
Rhine 61, 125, 126 St Albans 116, pl. 30
Rhyddgaer 83 St Levan 39, 40, 76
Ribchester 76 St Mary Cray 1
Richborough 3, 35, 43, 86, 105, 112 Staffordshire 11, 126
Ringlemere 15 Stanegate 46, 50
Robertson, Anne S. 1, 5, 6, 9, 25, 42, 45, 55, 68, 69, Stead, Ian 15
88, 89 Stephen 14
Rogiet 88 Stockton-on-the-Forest 73, 87
Roman Conquest 25, 29, 30, 32–5, 38–40 Stoke 39
Strouden Park 40 Victorinus 59, 61, 63, 65, 66, 71, 75, 76, 77, 78, 89,
Stukeley, William 1 91, 95, 96
Suetonius Paulinus 32 Viking 11, 12, 14, 20
Suffolk 5, 16, 38, 39, 40, 43, 76, 77, 79, 84, 87, 104, Vindolanda tablets 30, 46, 47, 59
114, 115, 121 Virius Lupus 56, 57, 59
Sully 89, 101, 102 VIRTVS EXERCIT 102, 103
Sulzbacher, Martin 22, 23 VIRTVS MILITVM 102
Surrey 8, 38, 39, 40, 79, 86 Vitellius 35
Sussex 8, 15, 32, 38, 39, 43, 77, 81, 83, 118
Sutherland, Humphrey 3, 4, 34, 38, 45, 62, 102, 103, Wales 5, 6, 26, 32, 34, 52, 75, 77, 79, 81, 85, 89, 96,
121, 129 118, 122
Sutton 40 Walford 104
Swansea 83, 86, 89 Walker, David 5, 19, 48, 56
Swift, Ellen 125, 128 Wallace, Ken 15
Swine 104 Waltham St Lawrence 40
Switzerland 59, 61, 128 Walton, Philippa 6, 29
Sycamore, Rachael 11 Wanborough 8, 40
Wantage 77
Tacitus 30, 34, 71, 75, 77, 79–81, 85 Wareham 77
Tarbarrow 105 Wars of the Roses 20
Templeborough 76 Watchfield 86, 88
Tetricus 17, 61, 63, 64, 69–71, 74–81, 89, 91, 95, 96, Water Newton 19, 105, 114, 116, 122, pl. 5
99 Warwickshire 35
Theodosius 107, 113 Webster, Graham 34
Thornbury 104, 105 Weeley 39
Tiberius 26, 29, 38, 39, 48 Wentwood Mill 82
Tibullus 30 Wenvoe 86
Tickenham 84 West Hanney 39
Timsbury 40, 42 Weston Longville 39
Tissington 39, 40 Whitchurch 76
Tomlin, Roger 30 Whittington 18, 109, 110, 120
Townley Hoard 81 Wilkinson, Rachel 11
Trajan 29, 40, 47, 50–52, 76, 94, 122 William II, 14
Trajan Decius 75 Williams, Gareth 20
Traprain Law 125 Williams, Hugh 85
Treasure Act 5, 8–11 Wiltshire 38, 40, 42, 43, 81, 83, 84, 86, 89, 101,
Treasure Trove 3, 5, 8 118
Trier 78, 92 Wiveliscombe 101, 108, pl. 25
Turkey 94, 128 Wold Newton 102, pl. 26
Tutbury 113 Woodbridge area 40
Worcestershire 18, 69, 86
Ukraine 128 Wrington 107
Ulpius Marcellus 53 Wroxeter 3, 82, 84
Wychwood 40
Vale of Glamorgan 86 Wymondham 39
Valentinian I 99, 100, 106, 107, 119
Valentinian III 110, 113, 115 Yarmouth 88
Valerian 62, 63, 64, 71, 74, 75, 76 Yates, David 14, 15
Venustus 30 York 20, 48, 57, 59, 76, 87
Verulamium 43, 80, 81, 83, 84, 3200 Yorkshire 34, 85, 118, 122
Vespasian 40, 42, 47, 122 Yorkshire, East 101, 102, 104
VICTORIAE DD AVGGQ NN 99, 100, 103, 104, 106 Yorkshire, North 87
VICTORIAE LAETAE PRINC PERP 102, 103 Yorkshire, South 77
victoriati 30 Yorkshire, West 35, 38, 40
HOARD DISTRIBUTION MAPS
(Katherine Robbins)
Map 1. Hoards of Reece period 1 (up to ad 41)

Map 2. Hoards of Reece period 2 (41–54)










Map 12. All radiate hoards (238–96)

Map 13. Hoards of 238–53



Map 16. Hoards of 271–4 (Tetrici)


Map 18. Hoards of ‘barbarous radiates’ (c.275–85)

Map 19. Hoards of 286–93 (Carausius)

Map 20. Hoards of 293–6 (Allectus)










Map 30. Precious-metal hoards of periods 17–22 (330–445)

Map 31. All hoards on the database

Pl. 1. The distribution of PAS parishes (red dots) and comparative sites, mainly excavated: this shows
how the PAS data complements the archaeological finds (Walton 2012, 96)
Pl. 2. The Dallinghoo hoard (no. 280; British Museum)
Pl. 3. The Beverston hoard (no. 1430)

Pl. 4. Ashwell hoard (British Museum)
Pl. 5. Water Newton hoard (British Museum)

Pl. 6. The Hackney hoard as found (PAS)
Pl. 7. Coins from the Hackney hoard (PAS)

Pl. 8. Early Roman coins per annum on the PAS database, by denomination
Pl. 9. Early Roman coins per annum on the PAS database to ad 64, by denomination.
Pl. 10. PAS coins per annum, Republic – ad 69, by value (in asses)
Pl. 11. The Bredgar hoard (no. 434) (British Museum).

Pl. 12. An Icenian hoard: Field Baulk, March (no. 354) (British Museum).
Pl. 13. Hallaton hoard (no. 438) (PAS) Pl. 14. Roman helmet from Hallaton (the helmet
contained 1,174 coins) (PAS)
Pl. 15a and 15b. Composition of the coins in 701 hoards of ad 69–238 (left) and composition of 24,736
single finds of this period recorded by the PAS (right)
Pl. 16. Numbers of gold, silver and bronze coins recorded by the PAS, ad 69–253, by period
Pl. 17. Shillington hoard (no. 529, Luton Muse-
um)
Pl. 18. The Didcot hoard: 126 aurei to ad 160–1
(no. 771) (British Museum, on loan to Ashmolean
Museum; image courtesy Ashmolean Museum)
Pl. 19. Hoard of 9,238 denarii to ad 224 from Shapwick, Somerset (no. 1163)
Pl. 20. Hoard of 425 bronze coins to ad 209 from Curridge, Berkshire (no. 1080)
Pl. 21. The Cunetio hoard (British Museum) (no. 1480)

Pl. 22. The findspot of the Cunetio hoard today (author)
Pl. 23. Proportions of gold coins, radiates, silver coins and nummi in hoards of Reece periods 15–22
(296–445)
Pl. 24. Percentage of hoards and PAS finds by Reece period
Pl. 25. The Wiveliscombe hoard of 2,118 radiates, to ad 298 (no. 1974)
Pl. 26. The Wold Newton hoard of 1 radiate and 1,856 nummi to ad 307 (no. 2004)
Pl. 27. The Seaton Down hoard (no. 2286)

Pl. 28. Some of the coins from the Hoxne hoard
Pl. 29. Hoxne: sets of spoons inscribed Aur. Ursicinus (British Museum)
Pl. 30. Sandridge, near St Albans, hoard: 159 solidi to ad 408 (no. 3031; courtesy Verulamium Museum)
Pl. 31. Patching hoard (no. 3036) (Worthing Museum, image courtesy British Museum)
Pl. 32. Hoards of late Roman precious-metal coins, c.300–700 (data taken from Bland 1997)
Pl. 33. Hoards of silver coins, ingots and plate

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Roger Bland was President of the British Britain has a uniquely rich heritage of coin

COIN HOARDS AND HOARDING IN ROMAN BRITAIN AD 43–c.498

4. The Durham Mint, by Martin Allen, 2003.

8. The Coinage of Southern England 796–865, by Rory Naismith, 2011.

© Roger Bland 2018

Published by Spink & Son Ltd,

British Library Cataloguing in Publication data

Set by New Leaf Design, Scarborough, North Yorkshire

List of tables vii

1. THE STUDY OF ROMAN COIN FINDS IN BRITAIN 1

2. HOARDING IN BRITAIN: AN OVERVIEW 7

3. THE IRON AGE−ROMAN TRANSITION TO ad 69 25

4. THE DENARIUS PERIOD, ad 69–238 45

5. THE RADIATE PERIOD, ad 238–96 61

6. THE FOURTH AND FIFTH CENTURIES, ad 296–498 97

CHECKLIST OF IRON AGE AND ROMAN COIN HOARDS 129

GENERAL INDEX 355

HOARD DISTRIBUTION MAPS 361

COLOUR PLATES 395

2.1 Approximate total number of coin hoards from Britain by period 11

1.1 Aureus of Maximian struck by Carausius rescued by Charles Roach Smith 3

4.18 The excavator’s plan of the findspot of the Corbridge hoard 55

6.3 GLORIA ROMANORVM nummus (ad 402–6) from the Whittington,

1 Hoards of Reece period 1 (up to ad 41) 362

BAR British Archaeological Reports

THE STUDY OF ROMAN COIN FINDS IN

1.1. The growth of antiquarianism: the sixteenth to nineteenth centuries

Fig. 1.1. Aureus of Maximian struck by Carausius, rescued by Charles Roach

1.2. The twentieth century

1.3. The last fifty years

Fig. 1.2. Site finds from Britain (after Reece 1995)

1.4. Coin finds from Wales, Scotland and Ireland

HOARDING IN BRITAIN: AN OVERVIEW

2.1. Definitions: what is a hoard?

2.2. Treasure Trove and the Treasure Act 1996

2.3. Hoards: a working definition

2.4. The rate of discovery of new finds

2.5. The pattern of hoarding in Britain, prehistory to the twentieth

Fig. 2.5. Numbers of hoards deposited per annum, ad 491–1180

Fig. 2.6. Numbers of hoards deposited per annum, ad 1180–1937

2.6. Hoarding in the prehistoric period

Fig. 2.8. Hallaton deposits (Leins 2007)

2.7. Contextual evidence for Roman hoards

Fig. 2.10. Chalfont St Peter hoard (no. 1725; author)

2.8. Survival factors

2.9. Hoarding in the medieval period

2.10. Hoards of the English Civil War

Fig. 2.12. Hoards closing with coins of Charles I (Besly 2015)

2.11. Two documented cases of hoarding

THE IRON AGE–ROMAN TRANSITION

3.2. Hoarding, c.200 bc–ad 69: the broad pattern

3.3. Pre-Flavian Roman coins in Britain

3.4. The tablets from the Bloomberg site in London

3.5. The disappearance of Iron Age gold coinage

Fig. 3.3. All coins recorded on PAS database by broad period

Fig. 3.5. Proportion of gold coins recorded on the PAS database

3.6. The Roman conquest of Britain

3.8. Mixed hoards of Iron Age and Roman coins

TABLE 3.3. Mixed hoards: (a) pre-Conquest

TABLE 3.3. Mixed hoards: (b) early post–Conquest

378 Palgrave (Eye area), ECEN/ECE 20–50 2 58 3 1 1

TABLE 3.3. Mixed hoards: (c) later post–Conquest

THE DENARIUS PERIOD, AD 69–238