CH CRE Sample Career Avenues PDF
CH CRE Sample Career Avenues PDF
CHEMICAL REACTION
ENGINEERING
CONTENTS
CHAPTER DESCRIPTION
PART A NOTES
1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Types of Chemical Reactions
1.3 Rate of Chemical Reaction
1.4 Relative Rate of Reaction
1.5 Factors Affecting the Rate Equation
1.6 Reaction Mechanism
1.7Molecularity
1.8 Order of Reaction
1.9 Rate Constant
1.9.1 Arrhenius Theory
1.9.2 Collision Theory
1.9.3 Transition State Theory
HOMOGENEOUS SYSTEM
2 HOMOGENEOUS SYSTEM
2.1 Constant Volume System
2.2 Rate Equation for Different Order of Reactions
2.2.1 Zero Order Reaction
2.2.2 First Order Reaction
2.2.3 Second Order Reaction
2.2.4 Third Order Reaction
2.3 Half Life Method
2.4 Rate Equation for Multiple Reactions
2.4.1 Parallel Reactions
2.4.2 Series Reactions
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2.5 Reversible Reaction
2.6 Auto Catalytic Reaction
2.7 Variable Volume System
2.7.1 Rate Equation for Different Order of Reactions
2.7.1.1 Zero Order Reaction
2.7.1.2 First Order Reaction
2.7.1.3 Second Order Reaction
3 DESIGN EQUATION
3.1 Ideal Batch Reactor
3.2 Flow Parameters
3.3 Ideal CSTR
3.4 Ideal PFR
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7 EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE AND PRESSURE
7.1 Heat of Reaction
7.2 Equilibrium Constant
7.3 Equilibrium Conversion
7.4 Van Hoff Equation
7.5 Relation Between Temperature and Conversion
7.5.1 For Adiabatic Process
7.5.2 For Non-adiabatic Process
8 HETEROGENEOUS SYSTEM
8.1 Non Catalytic Reaction System
8.1.1 Rate Equation
8.1.2 Rate Controlling Concept
8.1.3 Rate Equation for Physical Absorption
8.1.4 Rate Equation for Absorption with Chemical
Reaction
8.1.5 Hatta Number
8.2 Catalytic Reaction System
8.2.1 Steps of Catalytic Reaction
8.2.2 Rate Equation for Pore Diffusion and Surface
Reaction
8.2.3 Effectiveness Factor
8.2.4 Characteristic Length
8.2.5 Thiele Modulus
8.2.6 For Strong Pore Diffusion Resistance
8.3Effective Diffusivity
8.4 Design Equation for Reactors Containing Porous
Catalyst
8.5 Activity of Catalyst
8.6 Deactivation of Catalyst
PART C ASSIGNMENT
11 UNSOLVED QUESTIONS
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PART A: NOTES
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CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
1.1 INTRODUCTION
Feasibility of a reaction
Heat of reaction
Maximum possible extent of reaction
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Zero / First / Second / Nth Order Reactions
vi. On the basis of steps involving in reaction completion
Elementary / Non elementary Reactions
vii. On the basis of reaction direction
Irreversible / Reversible Reactions
The rate of reaction tells us how fast a number of moles of one component
species are being consumed to form another chemical species. The term
chemical species refers to any chemical component or element with a given
identity.
dNA
We express the rate as the rate of disappearance of component A as
dt
The rate of change ofA (in no. of moles of A). The negative sign indicates
that disappearance of reactant A during reaction.
= = "
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1.4 RELATIVE RATE OF REACTION
We see that for every a mole of A reacted with b mole of B produces c mole
of C and d mole of D. In other words
= ( )
= ( )
iii. Temperature
iv. Pressure
v. Nature of catalyst
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gives the overall stoichiometric equation, these steps are the mechanism of
reaction
e.g.
2A+B→R+S
A + B → AB
A + AB → A2B
A2B → AB + R
AB → S
2A + B → R + S
The slowest step controls the rate of the chemical reaction & determines
the form of overall rate equation.
1.7 MOLECULARITY
The order of a reaction refers to the powers to which the concentrations are
raised in the kinetics rate law. This is experimental quantity. The algebraic
equation that relates to the species concentrations is called the kinetic
expression or rate law.
= [kA(T)][f(CA,CB,….)]
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concentrations of the individual reacting species, each of which is raised to
a power, e.g.
= kACαACβB
n=α+β
dC A
Example 1.1 For the gaseous reaction, the rate expression is kC An .
dt
Find the rate equation in terms of partial pressure (pA)
PV nRT
n
P RT
V
P CRT
n
where C = , write this equation for component A as
V
dpA
pA CART and dCA and put in given rate equation
RT
hence
n
dp A p
k A
RT .dt RT
dp A
k p A .( RT )1 n
n
dt
1 1 1
(a ) rA rB rC rD (Direct solution from article 1.4)
3 5 7
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(b) rA 3rB 5rC 7 rD
1
(c) rA rB 5rC 7 rD
3
1 1 1
(d ) rA rB rC rD
3 5 7
Example 1.3 For a rate expression, rA kC A0.7 CB0.3 , overall order of reaction
is:
The term k referred to as either specific reaction rate or the rate constant. It
is almost strongly dependent on temperature. In gas phase reactions, it
may be a function of total pressure. In liquid systems it can also be a
function of other parameters, such as ionic strength and choice of solvent.
There are various theories giving the relation for dependency of kA on
Temperature. These theories are as follows:
k k0 e E / RT
E = Activation Energy
E 1
ln k ln ko
R T
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If the rate is known at two different Temperature T1&T2, we can evaluate E.
r2 E 1 1
ln
r1 R T1 T2
E1 1
ln k2 / k1 =
R T1 T2
k T .e E / RT
1 1
Example 1.4 For a reaction A + B → R + S has the rate equation
2 2
rA 2C A CB , what is rate equation for given reaction A + 2 B
0.5
→ 2R+S
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Solution: Since, order of reaction does not depend on stoichiometric
coefficient for non- elementary reaction. Hence, Reaction rate
will be same as rA 2C A0.5CB .
Solution:
rA 2 kC An 2
rA1 k C nA1
3( rA1 ) k (2CA1) n
rA1 k CnA1
3 2n
ln 3 n ln 2
n 1.589
n 1.6
r E 1 1
Or ln 2
r1 R T1 T2
r 9150 1 1
ln 2
r1 1.98624 400 500
r r
l n 2 2.303 2 e2.303 10
r1 r1
r2 10(r1 )
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Or
k T E 1 1
ln 2 ln 2
k1 T1 R T1 T2
k 500 E 1 1
ln 2 ln
k1 400 1.98624 400 500
cal
E 8707
mol
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