Spinning Prepretory - II 18-19
Spinning Prepretory - II 18-19
01
Aim: To study the passage of material through draw frame, study of important parts and
its functions.
Objects:
1) To remove fibres shorter than a predetermined length so as to enable spinner to produce finer
yarn than that can be spun from the same carded sliver.
2) To remove neps and impurities.
3) To produce uniform sliver of required wt/unit length.
4) To make the fibre straight and parallel so that yarn becomes even and lustrous.
Draw-Frame
Make:- LMW
Model:- LD 2 and RSB-851
1. Sliver creel 3. Drafting system 5. Evened and leveled sliver
2. Scanning roller 4. Delivery discs 6. Sliver deposit
The main object of draw frames is to draft the sliver and to blend or to mix up the fiber to give
the better performance. Generally for carded material 2 passages are given in draw frame after
carding. Whereas for combed material one passage is given after comber. The first passage is
called as breaker draw frame and second passage is called as finisher draw frame. In breaker
draw frame the machine is without autollelver is preferred where as in the finisher draw frame
term autollelver is use for the better count CV %.
The material received from carding is creel at creel of breaker draw frame with predetermined no
of doubling care is to take the can should not be repeat. After the received the cans, the cans are
placed in creel zone where we can feed the maximum 12 cans. Above the each and every can the
two rollers are there which is positively driven when the any sliver is break at this time machine
stop immediately after that sliver passes through between guides then it passes between two
rollers due that material get condensed.
After that condensed material pass through between pair of scanning roller. In this pair of
scanning roller one roller is fixed and another one is movable. Function of scanning roller is
measure the variation in the feed material. These scanning rollers are loaded with a pneumatic
loading system. The variation in the sliver mass reduced in the scanning roller. The distance
moved by scanning roller to the sliver mass fed. This displacement of scanning roller is
transformed into voltage by a signal converter and is fed to an electronic leveling processor. And
the action takes according to variation.
Then material comes in drafting zone. In drafting first break draft is given to the martial. In break
draft the natural convolution or twist is removing and mated. After B/D the main draft is given.
In break draft the stretch is given. In drafting zone there is suction pipes are fixed above the
rollers. This is sucking the dust. After that material passes through into the trumpet then guide
through pipe. Then materiel passes through calendaring or grooved roller and after all that
material is laid in can with the help of coiling.
Conclusion: In this way we have studied different parts & material passage of draw frame
machine.
Experiment No 2
Aim: To Study various types of drafting systems and top roller loading mechanisms.
Introduction :
Actions involved in Draw Frame
Drafting: It is the process of increasing length per unit weight of sliver. It is mainly due to
peripheral speed of the rollers.
Doubling: The process of combing two or more carded sliver into a single form is called
doubling. In draw frame m/c generally six slivers are fed to convert into one i.e. six doubling.
Drawing: In the cotton industry the term is applied exclusively to processing on the draw frame,
where the operation is one of doubling and drafting. Drawing= Drafting + Doubling.
Operating Devices
Creel (Sliver Feed)
The drafting Arrangement
Suction systems for the drafting arrangement
Coiling
Can charger
Drafting systems:
I) 4-over-4 roller drafting system.
II) 3-over-4 roller drafting system.
III) 3-over-3 roller drafting system.
IV) 4-over-3 roller drafting system.
V) 5-over- 4 roller drafting system (Rieter).
The task of the top roller loading is to ensure the clamping of the fibres which is needed for an
optimal drafting process. The roller loading of older draw frames must be set rather higher than
for processing cotton. Modern draw frames already use high pressures for all fibres so usually no
change of the pressure is required when different materials are used. Only if high drafting forces
occur, higher top roller pressures are required. This can be the case, for example, when heavy
sliver weights or fibres with high drafting resistance are drawn.
In below Fig. and Table 12 examples for regular and high top roller settings on Rieter draw
frames are given.
In the case of high top roller settings an increased effective nip zone has to be taken into account
and the roller settings (see chapter 5.7.2.1.) have to be increased by 1-2 mm.
Fig. – Top roller pressures on a 4-over-3 roller drafting system
Pneumatic Loading
Machine Technical Detail:
Make LMW
Model RSB 851
Year ----
Sliver Monitor With
No of Deliveries Single
Delivery Can Dia 20"
Delivery Can Height 42"
Can Changer Auto
Creel Type Power Creel
Creel Length mm 3500
No of Doublings 8
Feed Can Dia 20"
Drafting Type 3 Over 3
Suction Individual
Voltage 420
Frequency 50
Delivery speeds, meters per minute : up to 800
Waste, in % : 0.5 to 1
Conculsion : In this way we have studied various types of drafting and top roller loading
used in draw frame drafting system.
EXPERIMENT NO. 03
Aim: To understand the gearing diagram, drives and calculations of speed and production.
Apparatus: Draw-Frame
Make: LMW
Model: LD 2
Procedure: To draw the gearing diagram after observation of gearing and calculate respective
element speed and production.
Draft Calculation
BR and TR = 540 /363 = 1. 48
TR and SR = 1.01
SR and FR = 4.01
Total Draft BR and FR = 6.06
Production = Surface Speed of Calendar Roller X Linear Density of the sliver
Production of Machine per shift of 8 hrs at 85% efficiency where the sliver hank to be 3700
tex
Conclusion: We have studied gearing of Drawframe, to change drafts and to set the speed
of machine as per production target.
Experiment No 4
Aim: To understand the gearing diagram, drives and calculations of speed and production.
Apparatus: Draw-Frame
Make: Rieter
Model: RSB-D 40
Procedure: To draw the gearing diagram after observation of gearing and calculate respective
element speed and production.
Conclusion: We have studied gearing of RSB D 40 Drawframe, to change drafts and to set
the speed of machine as per production target.
Experiment No 5
Aim: To understand the draft change and to set draft parameters for new hank.
Introduction: Drawing is the operation by which slivers are blended, doubled and leveled. In
short staple spinning the term is only applied to the process at a draw frame. It's influence on
quality, especially on evenness is very big. If drawframe is not set properly, it will also result in
drop in yarn strength and yarn elongation at break. The faults in the sliver that come out of draw
frame cannot be corrected. It will pass into the yarn.
For the gearing diagram of RSB D 40, above table used to set mechanical draft on the machine.
In which 4 fatch , 6 fatch mention in the first row represents number of doublings/ number of
slivers feed to the drafting zone. Nw1 and NW1 and NW2 are the draft change wheels, used to
set the total draft of the drafting zone.
The total mechanical draft is represented V.
V = 5.98 x NW2/ NW1
VV is the break draft that is the draft between back roller and second roller.
VV = W4/ 52
VA is the tension draft in between the front roller and colander roller.
In draw frame actual draft and mechanical draft varies due to tension draft, and roller slippage.
Following table shows the observed actual and total drafts on the draw frame machines.
Sr. Draw Hank Hank Number Actual Nw1 Nw2 Mechanical
No. Frame Feed Delivered of Draft= Number Number Draft =
Number of
No Doublings Doublings X
of Teeth of Teeth 5.98 x
Hank
Nw2/Nw1
Delivered /
Hank Feed
1
2
3
4
5
If hank of the delivered sliver need to be change, we need to change Nw1 and Nw2 as per
required mechanical draft.
For Example on Machine number 301, Nw1 – 56 and Nw2 – 58 teeth.
Mechanical draft will be = 5.98 X Nw2/ Nw1 = 5.98 X 58 / 56 = 6.19
Now we want a mechanical draft of 7 with Nw2 of 58 Teeth gear, and Nw1 need to be
replace with appropriate gear. The number of teeth on the Nw1 is calculated as
Nw1 = 5.98 X Nw2 / Required Draft = 5.98 X 58 / 7 = 49.54
So we need to use the gear of 49 or 50 teeth.
With 49 teeth Draft = 5.98 X 58 / 49 = 7.07
With 50 teeth Draft = 5.98 X 58 / 50 = 6.93
Conclusion: We have studied the difference between the actual and mechanical draft, we
also studied how the set draft on the drawframe machine.
EXPERIMENT NO. 06
Conclusion: In this way, we have understood the principle of operation of auto leveller and its
drive.
EXPERIMENT NO. 07
Aim: To understand and set the calibration of autoleveller by correcting levelling intensity.
Introduction : Most of the modern autolevellers are open loop autolevellers. This system is
effective on short, medium and to some extent long term variations.Mechanical draft should be
selected properly in autoleveller drawframes. To decide about the mechanical draft, drawframe
should be run with autoleveller switched off. If the sliver weight is correct, then the mechanical
draft selected is correct. Otherwise, the gears should be changed so that the sliver is weight is as
per the requirement without autoleveller. Intensity of levelling and timing of correction are two
important parameters in autolevellers. Intensity of levelling indicates the amount of correction.
i.e If 12% variation is fed to the drawframe the draft should vary 12% , so that the sliver weight
is constant. Timing of correction indicates that if a thick place is sensed at scanning roller, the
correction should take place exactly when this thick place reaches the correction point(levelling
point). Higher the feed variation, higher the correction length. e.g. if feed variation is 1 %, and if
the correction length is 8 mm, if feed variation is 5% the correction length will be between 10 to
40 mm depending upon the speed and type of the autoleveller. Higher the speed, higher the
correction length. Whenever the back roller setting, guide rails setting, delivery speed, break
draft etc are changed, the timing of correction should also be changed. U% of sliver will be high,
if timing of correction is set wrongly . If intensity of levelling selected is wrong , then 1 meter
C.V % of sliver will be high. Most of the modern autolevellers can correct 25% feed variation. It
is a general practice to feed 12% variation both in plus and minus side to check A%. This is
called as Sliver test.
A% is calculated as follows
If no of sliver fed to drawframe is N, Check the output sliver Hank with "N", "N+1", "N-1"
slivers. Then,
Observation table
Calculations:
Based on observed value of A%, correction in the levelling intensity will be made to reduce the
value of A%.
Leveling intensity
The leveling intensity setting ensures that the leveler will correct the sliver weight if there is a
major swing in mass of the in feed material. To check and set the leveling intensity a “Sliver
Test” has to be performed. The delivered sliver produced from the normal feed is compared with
slivers produced from feeds of normal plus one sliver and normal minus one sliver. The %
deviation is then corrected by changing the leveling intensity at 20.3 in the menu.
Exceptions: If a sliver test reveals an over compensation and an under compensation, of the
leveling device then one of the following could apply:
Conclusion: In this way we have understand and set the calibration of autoleveller by
correcting levelling intensity.
EXPERIMENT NO. 08
Aim: To study the drafting roller setting on breaker and finisher draw frame.
Introduction: The roller settings (distances between the roller pairs of a draft zone) have to be
adjusted according to the fibre lengths of the raw material. Settings which are too narrow cause
fibre damage while too wide settings increase the number of floating fibres and result in higher
unevenness of the sliver.
For polyester and polyamide fibres the following roller settings can be recommended
In the case of acrylic fibre, too narrow settings in the main drafting field can lead to cold draw
setting and thus to a higher shrinkage level in the end product. If fibres longer than 40 mm are to
be processed, it is advisable to remove all fibre-guiding elements, e.g. the pressure bars, from the
drafting arrangement. Examples of roller settings on a 4 over 3 roller drawing frame depending
on different raw materials are given in Table 11. These settings should only be used as a start-up
recommendation while optimum settings always have to be found out by experiment.
General settings for standard fibres (regarding pilling behavior, strength, crimp etc.) can be
found on the 5 over 3 roller drafting system in Fig. 37. For special fibre types the settings have to
be adjusted.
The number of fiber hooks are decreased and the degree of fiber orientation is increased each
drawing process. Therefore, it is necessary to set the roll spacing with this in mind.
Setting tip
From the practical setting perspective, the main draft rolls should be set first, followed by the
setting of the break draft zone. Any change of the distance between rolls (5) and (6)
automatically changes the distances between rolls (4) and (5). Consequently, a change of setting
of the main draft zone must be followed by an adjustment of the break draft rolls. The converse
is not so. A change of the distance of the break draft zone does not change the positions of rolls
(5) and (6).
§ Common roll settings range from 10…15 mm over the 2.5% staple length.
Table 11 – Examples for Roller settings with different materials (4 over 3 roller)
Conclusion: In this way we have studied drafting roller setting on breaker and finisher
draw frame machines.
EXPERIMENT NO. 09
Aim: To understand the passage of material through unilap/lap former/super lap, study of
important parts and its functions.
Apparatus:- Super-Lap
Make:- LMW
Model:- LH 10
Function of Unilap:-
1) Form a lap from no. of draw frame which suitable for combing process.
2) Creating a lap with sufficient cohesion to ensure good unwinding lap.
3) Orienting the fibres to the point that they are optional for both the lap condition &
combing action.
4) Produce a lap in with the fibres are uniformly distributed in lap cross section.
Passage of material through sliver lap:-
1) The sliver is passing over from the feeders. There is driven to the feeders i.e. negative
driven. There is a sensor on creel at feeding then the all stands of sliver are then passing
over the steel polished table there are number of stationary guide rollers are present on
staple.
2) Then sliver is passed through tension roller which gives same tension on the sliver &
easily passed the material without stretch.
3) Then the material is passed through the drafting arrangement 4over4 are used in drafting
arrangement to roller help of cleanness plate which is help the cleaners.
4) Then the drafting material is passed through the steel polished drum. The function of this
drum applied pressed and drafting stand of sliver after completion of drafting zone, there
in one spool drum. This drum is rotate with positively drive and also give the rotary drive
to the spool due to their winding is done.
Creel draft: - It is the draft between feed rollers to creel roller.
Feed draft: - It is the draft between feed rollers to drafting back roll.
Table draft: - It is draft between calendar rollers to 1st table.
Main calendar roller draft: - It is the self weighting device.
Total machine draft: - For deciding the total draft to be use in the drafting for achieved the
required lap shed weight the following procedure to be adopted first calculated.
= no. of doubling * feed sliver weight
Required lap sheet wt. (gm)
Total draft in drafting: - After calculating the total machine draft required the total draft to be
used in drafting can be achieved by,
Total draft in drafting = Total machine draft
1.069
The total drafts in drafting include break draft intermediate draft and main draft.
Adjusting total draft in drafting: - If the delivered lap weight has to be fine turned and it can
be done by calculation.
Technical Details
Raw material is cotton up to 60 mm in length,
§ feed weight up to 160 ktex (g/m) or 2250 g/yard. – 28 ends up of 5.7 ktex or 28 ends of
80 g/yard.
§ delivery bat weight 60 to 80 ktex or (845 to1125 g/yard.)
§ lap weight up to 25 kg.
§ lap width 300 mm.
§ lap diameter up to 650 mm.
§ production rate up to 360 kg/ hr.
§ delivery speed is variable between 50 and 120 m/min depending upon the raw material.
Creel
The sliver cans in the creel can be up to 1000 mm diameter and 1200 mm in height. The sliver is
pulled over a static creel. There is a stop motions for each sliver.
The creel height can be adjusted to allow sliver ballooning between the cans and the creel
without dragging over the sliver column.
Drafting units
§ Each drafting unit is a 3 over 3 system with two draft zones, break draft zone and a
main draft zone.
§ The back and middle bottom rollers have straight grooving and the front bottom roller
has a spiral groove.
§ The top rollers have rubber cots of 83 shore hardness.
§ The break draft and the main draft can be individually adjusted.
§ The top rollers are pneumatically loaded. The pressure of up to 1600 N per roller is
controlled by a central setting.
§ A stop motion is provided to stop the machine in the event of a roller lap.
Aim: To understand and estimate the standard lap weight of given mixing.
Apparatus: UNIlap
Make: LMW
Model: LH10
Procedure: to check the lap weight of delivered material according to draft and calculate gm/mt
of lap.
Conclusion: to set the lap weight according to feed and delivered material.
EXPERIMENT NO. 11
Aim: To understand the Passage of material through combing machine and detailed study
of important parts and its functions.
Type of feed:-
1) Backward feeding: - The lap is fed while nipper is rocking backward i.e. after detaching but
before the circular comb, combs the fringe of is called backward feeding.
2) Forward feeding: - The lap is fed during the backward stock the material is fed during the
forward motion of nipper i.e. during detaching is called as forward feeding.
Functions of each part:-
Lap guide:
To set the lap spool properly to avoid the lap shifting from either left or right.
Lap feed roller:
To feed the lap forward.
Lap tray:
To support the lap sheet.
Feed roller:
To feed the material to the nipper & unicomb.
Nipper:
Open or close as per the feeding requirement & to forward the material at front position.
Top comb:
The top comb consists of a single row of needle (26to30 needle/cm) that combs the back fringe
of detaching way.
» The deeper the penetration of the top comb, the noil level will also increase.
» The short fiber & trash restrain by the top comb are primarily retained in the remaining lap &
then comb out by next action of circular comb.
Unicomb:
To forward the material, after comb when length increasing so effective length of fiber are
forward & short length fiber just backward by unicomb.
3) Rotary combing:-
The combing segment “K” sweeps its saw – teeth or needles
through the fibre fringe ”B” and removes anything not held by
the nippers. During this action the nippers move concentrically
and maintain a constant combing distance.
5) Web return:-
During the forward movement of the nippers, the detaching
Rollers “A” have reversed rotation and returned part of the
web “V”.
This was previously withdrawn. The returned portion of the
web
Protrudes from the back of the detaching rollers.
6) Piecing:-
The forward movement of the nippers carries the projecting fibre
fringe “B” to the returned web “V” to be subsequently gripped by
the detaching rollers to make a piecing.
7) Detaching:-
The detaching rollers begin to rotate in the forward direction and
draw the leading fibres out of the batt “W”. The batt is securely
held by the feed rollers “S”.
9) End of cycle:-
The nipper assembly is retracted and the top comb is raised in
preparation for the next combing cycle. The raw material delivered
by the card m/c cannot be fed directly to the comber lap preparation
is a must a good lap fed to the comber should have.
AIM: To measure and study the process noil parentage measurement on comber.
Introduction:
The comber should remove all fibres in the lap which are shorter than detachment setting- which
are shorter than the minimum distance‘d’ mm. Between the nippers and the grid of the back
detaching rollers. Also it_ mm is lap feed per nip than all fibre longer than d_ should always go
to into the sliver.
Fibre with intermediate length would go either into the waste or into comb sliver depending upon
their position in the fed cycle. This theoretical inspection is based on two sample assumption. 1)
All fibre in the comber laps are straight without hooks and parallel to the length of the lap. 2)
Fibre movement is not influence by any frictional contact between neighboring fibres even a
perfecting maintain comber therefore cannot remove short fibres as relatively as could be
inspected from its mechanism. The word efficiency refer to degree to which comber succeed in
removing all the fibres shorter than detachment setting and without loosing any fiber longer than
the detachment setting plus reed difference A periodic check on the fractionating efficiency of
comber search two purposes as it permits the assessment of improvement in the fibre length in
reaction to comber waste percentage and b) it helps indirectly to judge mechanical condition of
comber.
Procedure:
1) Stop the comber and change the running can with the empty can.
2) Set the noil sleeve into the noil duct on the back side of the comber.
3) Start noil test.
4) Start the comber for some time ( 1 min.)
5) Collect the sliver produced by the comber after can change during noil test time ( 1 min)
6) Remove the noil sleeve from the duct and collect the noil trapped inside the noil sleeve.
7) Measure the weight of the collected sliver and noil.
8) Calculate the noil percentage by the formula
Noil % = Wt. in gm of the noil X 100 / (Wt. in gm noil + wt in gm sliver)
Observation table:
Wt of Noil in Gm Wt of Sliver in gm
Conclusion: In this way we have studied the process of Noil percentage measurement and noil
percentage of the comber is _____ .
Experiment No 13
Aim: To understand the Passage of material through speed frame, study of its important
parts & their functions.
Model – LAKSHMI LF 1400 A (LMW).
Task of S/F –
1) To attenuate the sliver.
2) To impart the protective twist to the roving in order to increase the strength.
3) To wind the roving on to the packages suitable for next machine.
Conclusion : In this way we have studied the Passage of material through speed frame, study of
its important parts & their functions.
Experiment No 14
Aim: To study Important parts of machine with their functions of the speed frame.
1) The creel –
Above the feed cans, there are several rows of driven rollers to help the sliver on their way to
the drafting.
Therefore, the transport rollers are positively driven to avoid the creation of false draft & to
ensure the passing of slivers to the drafting without any disturbance.
In general, 3- over-3 drafting system is used, but 4 cylinders may be needed for high drafts.
It comprises fluted lower rollers & rubber coated pressure rollers. The hardness of top rollers
lies between 800 & 850 shores, but the rollers over which the aprons run often have hardness
only slightly above 600 shores. This enables better enclosure & guidance of the fibre strands
during drafting.
The main effect of B.D. is seen in the roving evenness. The drafting is having the double
apron arrangement.
3) The aprons –
The aprons are made either by leather or of synthetic rubbers, & have a thickness of about 1
mm. the upper apron is short & held taut by tensioning devices. The lower apron is longer;
they run over guide bars to positions close to the nip line of delivery rollers.
They co-operate with each other to guide & transport the fibres during drafting & they exert
the very significant influence on the drafting. It is important that aprons should extend as
closely as possible to the nip line. The guiding length referred to as cradle length, must be
adapted approximately to the staple length.
4) The condensers –
Condensers are provided to guide the fibres as they flow through the drafting system. The
sizes of the condensers have to be selected according to the fibres being processed and the
bulk the material passing through the draft zone.
The choice is important in that it affects the roving quality and the running performance of
the machine.
Condensers that are too small can lead to fibre accumulations and uncontrolled stretching.
Condensers that are too large lose control of the fibres and result in a deterioration of the
roving evenness (CV %). The condenser widths are
colour coded for easy identification. There is a greater
variation in the delivery condensers as the range of
roving size is considerable.
6) Cradle opening:
The cradle opening “X” affects the fiber control in the main
draft zone. Advantage of reducing the cradle opening is to
improve the uniformity of the roving. Disadvantages of
reducing the cradle opening are:
§ Worse running behavior of the roving frame.
§ Drafting problems at sliver splicings
§ Increased slubs created by an “over control” of fibers.
§ Increased susceptibility to changes of climatic
variations.
§ Increased susceptibility to changes of blend level.
§ Increased sensitivity to changes of:
8) The spindle –
This is simply a support 7 drive element for the flyer, without any ancillary function. It is a
long steel shaft, mounted at its lower end in the bearing & supported in the middle by
vertically reciprocating shaft of the package tube acting as a neck bearing.
The spindle is conical & provided with a slot. When the flyer is set on the spindle cone, a pin
on the flyer projects into the slot, so that the flyer & spindle are converted into a unit for
drive.
9) The flyer –
As well as imparting the roving twists, the flyer has to lead the very sensitive strand from the
flyer top to the package without introducing false draft. For one thing the strand has only
protective twits & is very liable to break. For another, the flyer is rotating alone with roving
at a rate up to 1500 rpm.
The fibre strand must therefore be protected against strong air currents. For this purpose, one
of the two flyer leg has usually been “Hollow”, i.e. with deep guide groove that is open in the
direction opposite to the direction of rotation. The strand is drawn through this groove.
Conclusion: In this way we have studied important parts of machine with their functions of the
speed frame.
EXPERIMENT NO. 15
Aim: To understand the Bobbin leading and flyer leading mechanism on the speed frame
Builder Motion:
Builder motion is used to wind the roving in a parallel wound package with conical ends as
shown in Figure 1. The package is formed layer by layer. The lift of each layer is shortened by a
small length which decides the taper angle ‘α’.The animation A1 demonstrates the basics of
formation of the roving package.
Figure 2 : Spindle speed and Bobbin speed for different Winding methods
In both the cases, the spindle speed remains constant through out the winding process,
since changing the spindle speed will change the twist density in the roving. The bobbin
speed is changed according to the requirement. Figure 2 shows the manner in which the
bobbin speed has to be changed in case of bobbin lead and flyer lead methods.
In both the cases, the roving delivery speed is constant decided by the surface speed of
the front pair of drafting rollers. But, as the bobbin builds up the diameter and the
circumference of the bobbin increases. If the bobbin rotates at a fixed speed, then the
roving will get stretched more and more in case of bobbin lead method since the bobbin
is leading and winding the roving on to itself as the winding proceeds; the roving will get
slackened more and more in case of flyer lead method as in this case the flyer is leading
and winding the roving onto the bobbin. The difference between the peripherals speeds of
the flyer and the bobbins needs to be kept constant for proper winding.
Hence, in case of bobbin lead method the bobbin speed has to be gradually decreased and
in the case of flyer lead the bobbin speed has to be gradually increased in order to keep
the roving tension constant while winding the rovings on the bobbin.
For cotton system, because of the advantages of bobbin lead method and the difficulties
associated with flyer lead method, the bobbin lead method is always used.
Flyer Lead
• Flyer surface speed is faster
• Flyer winds the roving on the bobbins surface
Bobbins Lead
• Bobbins surface speed is faster
• Bobbins winds the roving onto itself
Conclusion: In this way we have studied the difference between flyer leading and bobbin
leading mechanisms used for bobbin building of speed frame.
Experiment No 16
Aim : To Study the gearing diagram and cone drum differential drive to the bobbin of the
speed frame.
Introduction:
Based on the above discussions, in order to have proper winding of the rovings on the bobbins,
the following requirements should be met:
The rotational rate of the bobbin should be reduced for layer formation
Shorten the lift after each layer to form tapered ends on the bobbin
Reverse the direction of movement of the bobbin rail after each layer formation
The speed of the movement of the bobbin rail should be reduced after formation of every layer,
as it will take more time to lay one coil as the bobbin builds up.
Where K is the delivery rate, D is the diameter of the bare bobbin, dr is the diameter of
the roving, and nt is the number of roving wound.
• The bobbins winding speed reduces in a hyperbolic fashion as the bobbins
building up. If the shifting of belt is constant for each lift stoke then the cone profile should be
(i) Convex for top (driving cone)
(ii) Concave for bottom (driven cone)
Conclusion: In this way, we have understood the gearing diagram and cone drum differential
drive to the bobbin of the speed frame.