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NCERT Solutions For Class 10 Maths Chapter 1 Real Numbers - Free PDF
NCERT Solutions For Class 10 Maths Chapter 1 Real Numbers - Free PDF
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Question 1:
Use Euclid’s division algorithm to find the HCF of:
(i) 135 and 225 (ii) 196 and 38220 (iii) 867 and 255
Solution 1:
(i) 135 and 225
Since 225 > 135, we apply the division lemma to 225 and 135 to
obtain
225 = 135 × 1 + 90
Since remainder 90 ≠ 0, we apply the division lemma to 135 and 90 to
obtain
135 = 90 × 1 + 45
We consider the new divisor 90 and new remainder 45, and apply the
division lemma to obtain
90 = 2 × 45 + 0
Since the remainder is zero, the process stops.
Since the divisor at this stage is 45,
Therefore, the HCF of 135 and 225 is 45.
Solution 2:
Let a be any positive integer and b = 6. Then, by Euclid’s algorithm,
a = 6q + r for some integer q ≥ 0, and r = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 because 0 ≤
r< 6.
Therefore, a = 6q or 6q + 1 or 6q + 2 or 6q + 3 or 6q + 4 or 6q + 5
Also, 6q + 1 = 2 × 3q + 1 = 2k1 + 1, where k1 is a positive integer
Question 3:
An army contingent of 616 members is to march behind an army band
of 32 members in a parade. The two groups are to march in the same
number of columns. What is the maximum number of columns in
which they can march?
Solution 3:
HCF (616, 32) will give the maximum number of columns in which
they can march.
We can use Euclid’s algorithm to find the HCF.
616 = 32 × 19 + 8
32 = 8 × 4 + 0
Question 4:
Use Euclid’s division lemma to show that the square of any positive
integer is either of form 3m or 3m + 1 for some integer m.
[Hint: Let x be any positive integer then it is of the form 3q, 3q + 1 or
3q + 2. Now square each of these and show that they can be rewritten
in the form 3m or 3m + 1.]
Solution 4:
Let a be any positive integer and b = 3.
Then a = 3q + r for some integer q ≥ 0
And r = 0, 1, 2 because 0 ≤ r < 3
Therefore, a = 3q or 3q + 1 or 3q + 2
Or,
a 2 3q or 3q 1 or 3q 2
2 2 2
a 2 9q 2 or 9q 2 6q 1 or 9q 2 12q 4
3 3q 2 or 3q 2 2q 1or 3 3q 2 4q 1 1
3k1 or 3k 2 1 or 3k 3 1
Question 5:
Use Euclid’s division lemma to show that the cube of any positive
integer is of the form 9m, 9m + 1 or 9m + 8.
Solution 5:
Let a be any positive integer and b = 3
Case 2: When a = 3q + 1,
a3 = (3q +1)3
a3 = 27q3 + 27q2 + 9q + 1
a3= 9(3q3 + 3q2 + q) + 1
a3 = 9m + 1
Where m is an integer such that m = (3q3 + 3q2 + q)
Case 3: When a = 3q + 2,
a3 = (3q +2)3
a3 = 27q3 + 54q2 + 36q + 8
a3= 9(3q3 + 6q2 + 4q) + 8
a3 = 9m + 8
Where m is an integer such that m = (3q3 + 6q2 + 4q)
Therefore, the cube of any positive integer is of the form 9m, 9m + 1,
or 9m + 8.
Question 1:
Express each number as product of its prime factors:
(i) 140 (ii) 156 (iii) 3825 (iv) 5005 (v) 7429
Solution 1:
(i) 140 = 2 × 2 × 5 × 7 = 22 × 5 × 7
(ii) 156 = 2 × 2 × 3 × 13 = 22 × 3 × 13
(iii) 3825 = 3 × 3 × 5 × 5 × 17 = 32 × 52 × 17
(iv) 5005 = 5 ×7× 11 × 13
(v) 7429 = 17 × 19 × 23
Question 2:
Find the LCM and HCF of the following pairs of integers and verify that
LCM × HCF = product of the two numbers.
(i) 26 and 91 (ii) 510 and 92 (iii) 336 and 54
Solution 2:
(i) 26 and 91
26 = 2 × 13
91 = 7 × 13
HCF = 13
LCM = 2 × 7 × 13 = 182
Product of the two numbers = 26 × 91 = 2366
HCF × LCM = 13 × 182 = 2366
Hence, product of two numbers = HCF × LCM
Question 3:
Find the LCM and HCF of the following integers by applying the prime
factorisation method.
(i) 12,15 and 21 (ii) 17,23 and 29 (iii) 8,9 and 25
Solution 3:
(i) 12,15 and 21
12 = 22× 3
15 = 3 × 5
21 = 3 × 7
HCF = 3
LCM = 22× 3 × 5 × 7 = 420
(iii) 8, 9 and 25
8=2×2×2
9=3×3
25 = 5 × 5
HCF = 1
LCM = 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 × 3 × 5 × 5 = 1800
Question 4:
Given that HCF (306, 657) = 9, find LCM (306, 657).
Solution 4:
Question 5:
Check whether 6n can end with the digit 0 for any natural number n.
Solution 5:
If any number ends with the digit 0, it should be divisible by 10 or in
other words, it will also be divisible by 2 and 5 as 10 = 2 × 5
Prime factorisation of 6n = (2 ×3)n
It can be observed that 5 is not in the prime factorisation of 6n.
Hence, for any value of n, 6n will not be divisible by 5.
Therefore, 6n cannot end with the digit 0 for any natural number n.
Question 6:
Explain why 7 × 11 × 13 + 13 and 7 × 6 × 5 × 4 × 3 × 2 × 1 + 5 are
composite numbers.
Solution 6:
Numbers are of two types - prime and composite. A prime number can
be divided by 1 and only itself, whereas a composite number have
factors other than 1 and itself.
It can be observed that
7 × 11 × 13 + 13 = 13 × (7 × 11 + 1) = 13 × (77 + 1)
= 13 × 78
= 13 ×13 × 6
The given expression has 6 and 13 as its factors. Therefore, it is a
composite number.
7 × 6 × 5 × 4 × 3 × 2 × 1 + 5 = 5 ×(7 × 6 × 4 × 3 × 2 × 1 + 1)
= 5 × (1008 + 1)
= 5 ×1009
1009 cannot be factorised further. Therefore, the given expression has
5 and 1009 as its factors. Hence, it is a composite number.
Solution 7:
It can be observed that Ravi takes lesser time than Sonia for
completing 1 round of the circular path. As they are going in the same
direction, they will meet again at the same time when Ravi will have
completed 1 round of that circular path with respect to Sonia. And the
total time taken for completing this 1 round of circular path will be the
LCM of time taken by Sonia and Ravi for completing 1 round of circular
path respectively i.e., LCM of 18 minutes and 12 minutes.
18 = 2 ×3 ×3
And, 12 = 2 ×2 ×3
LCM of 12 and 18 = 2 × 2 × 3 × 3 = 36
Therefore, Ravi and Sonia will meet together at the starting point after
36 minutes.
Question 1:
Prove that 5 is irrational.
Solution 1:
Let 5 is a rational number. Therefore, we can find two integers a, b (b ≠ 0)
a
such that 5
b
Let a and b have a common factor other than 1. Then we can divide
them by the common factor, and assume that a and b are co-prime.
a 5b
a 2 5b2
Therefore, a2 is divisible by 5 and it can be said that a is divisible by 5. Let a
= 5k, where k is an integer
5k 5b2
2
Question 2:
Prove that 3 2 5 is irrational.
Solution 2:
Let is 3 2 5 rational.
Therefore, we can find two integers a, b (b ≠ 0) such that
a
3 2 5
b
a
2 5 3
b
1 a
5 3
2 b
Question 3:
Prove that the following are irrationals:
1
(i) (ii) 7 5 (iii) 6 2
2
Solution 3:
1
(i)
2
1
Let is rational
2
Therefore, we can find two integers a, b (b ≠ 0) such that
1 a
2 b
b
2
a
b
is rational as a and b are integers. Therefore, 2 is rational which
a
contradicts to the fact that 2 is irrational.
1
Hence, our assumption is false and is irrational.
2
(ii) 7 5
Let 7 5 is rational.
a
Therefore, we can find two integers a, b (b ≠ 0) such that 7 5 for
b
some integers a and b
a
5
7b
(iii) 6 2
Let 6 2 be rational.
Therefore, we can find two integers a, b (b ≠ 0) such that
a
6 2
b
a
2 6
b
a
Since a and b are integers, 6 is also rational and hence, 2 should
b
be rational. This contradicts the fact that 2 is irrational. Therefore,
our assumption is false and hence, 6 2 is irrational.
Question 1:
Without actually performing the long division, state whether the
following rational numbers will have a terminating decimal expansion
or a non-terminating repeating decimal expansion:
13 17 64 15
(i) (ii) (iii) (iv)
3125 8 455 1600
29 23 129 6
(v) (vi) 3 2 (vii) 2 7 5 (viii)
343 25 257 15
35 77
(ix) (x)
50 210
Solution 1:
13
(i)
3125
3125 = 55
The denominator is of the form 5m.
13
Hence, the decimal expansion of is terminating.
3125
17
(ii)
8
8 23
The denominator is of the form 2m.
17
Hence, the decimal expansion of is terminating.
8
64
(iii)
455
455 = 5 × 7 × 13
Since the denominator is not in the form 2m× 5n, and it also contains
7 and 13 as its factors, its decimal expansion will be non-terminating
repeating.
15
(iv)
1600
1600 = 26 × 52
The denominator is of the form 2m× 5n.
29
(v)
343
343 73
Since the denominator is not in the form 2m× 5n, and it has 7 as its
29
factor, the decimal expansion of is non-terminating repeating.
343
23
(vi)
2 523
129
(vii)
2 57 75
2
Since the denominator is not of the form 2m× 5n, and it also has 7 as
129
its factor, the decimal expansion of 2 7 is non-terminating
2 5 75
repeating.
6 23 2
(viii)
15 3 5 5
The denominator is of the form 5n.
6
Hence, the decimal expansion of is terminating.
15
35 7 5 7
(ix)
50 10 5 10
10 2 5
The denominator is of the form 2m× 5n.
35
Hence, the decimal expansion of is terminating.
50
Question 2:
Write down the decimal expansions of those rational numbers in
Question 1 above which have terminating decimal expansions.
Solution 2:
13
(i) 0.00416
3125
0.00416
3125 13.00000
0
130
0
13000
12500
5000
3125
18750
18750
x
15
(iv) 0.009375
1600
23 23
(vi) 0.115
23 52 200
6 23 2
(viii) 0.4
15 3 5 5
0.4
5 2.0
0
20
20
x
35
(ix) 0.7
50
Question 3:
The following real numbers have decimal expansions as given below.
In each case, decide whether they are rational or not. If they are
p
rational, and of the form , what can you say about the prime factor
q
of q?
(i) 43.123456789
(ii) (ii) 0.120120012000120000…
(iii) (iii) 43.123456789
Solution 3:
(i) 43.123456789
Since this number has a terminating decimal expansion, it is a rational
p
number of the form and q is of the form 2m 5n
q
i.e., the prime factors of q will be either 2 or 5 or both.
(ii) 0.120120012000120000 …
The decimal expansion is neither terminating nor recurring. Therefore,
the given number is an irrational number.
(iii) 43.123456789
Since the decimal expansion is non-terminating recurring, the given
p
number is a rational number of the form and q is not of the form 2m 5n
q
i.e., the prime factors of q will also have a factor other than 2 or 5.
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