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The English Word - The Building Blocks of English Grammar
The English Word - The Building Blocks of English Grammar
thesis → theses
basis → bases
emphasis → emphases
datum → data
curriculum → curricula/curriculums
NOUN: CASE
Nouns have three cases: the nominative, the
possessive, and the objective.
Nominative: the subject of a verb
The boy plays. The girls learn.
Possessive: expresses the relation of property or
possession, and has an apostrophe with the letter s
coming after it.
The scholar’s duty My father’s house
NOUN: CASE
When the plural ends in -s,
the possessive s is omitted,
but the apostrophe (’) is retained.
the boys’ game
the employees’ complaints
good/better
bad/worse
little/less
much or many/more
DEGREES OF COMPARISON: THE SUPERLATIVE
The superlative degree increases or lessens an adjective to the
highest or lowest degree.
wisest greatest least wise
The superlative is formed by adding the letters -est to single-
syllable adjectives and the adverb most to multi-syllable
adjectives, with a few exceptions.
healthiest happiest most beautiful most terrible
There are a few irregular adjectives that have a different form in
the superlative form.
good/best bad/worst little/least much or many/most
NUMERAL ADJECTIVES
Cardinal Ordinal
Numeral adjectives are One First
either cardinal (for counting) Two Second
or ordinal (for ordering). Three Third
Four Fourth
Five Fifth
Six Sixth
Seven Seventh
Eight Eighth
Nine Ninth
Ten Tenth
COMMON STUDENT ERRORS: ADJECTIVES
They are olds cars.
She is more tall than me.
That was the beautifullest park we’ve ever visited.
It was a test very difficult.
I am feeling boring.
The man was very furious with his neighbour.
He loves listening to softly music.
COMMON STUDENT ERRORS: ADJECTIVES
They are olds cars.
She is more taller than me.
That was the most beautifullest park we’ve ever visited.
It was a test very difficult test.
I am feeling boreding.
The man was very furious with his neighbour.
He loves listening to softly music.
THE PRONOUN Basics & Personal Pronouns
INTRODUCTION
Possessive Hers Theirs This book is hers. These books are theirs.
Objective Her Them Give her the book. Give them the books.
Third Nominative It They It is a book. They are books.
(neuter)
Possessive Its Theirs This ball is its. These balls are theirs.
Objective It Them Give it a ball. Give them the balls.
COMMON STUDENT ERRORS: PRONOUNS
In the next several weeks, my family and me will be
discussing vacation plans.
My wife complained I don’t spend quality
time with she and the children.
Edward then followed she and her daughter out of
the trail.
Rubina announced she and her husband’s plans to
divorce.
COMMON STUDENT ERRORS: PRONOUNS
In the next several weeks, my family and me I will
be discussing vacation plans.
My wife complained I don’t spend quality time
with she her and the children.
Edward then followed she her and her daughter
out of the trail.
Rubina announced she her and her husband’s
plans to divorce.
THE PRONOUN Relative Pronouns
INTRODUCTION
This lesson will cover the following:
The relative pronoun
Common student errors
RELATIVE PRONOUNS
Relative pronouns are pronouns that relate to some word
or phrase mentioned before.
This word or phrase is called the antecedent.
The relative pronouns include who, whom, whose, that,
and which.
They have the same form regardless of the number of the
antecedent.
RELATIVE PRONOUN: WHO
Who is generally used to refer to humans. Who takes a
different form depending on the case.
Case Example
Nominative The man who knocked on
the door is my neighbour.
Possessive The person whose book I
borrowed is generous.
Objective The student whom you
called is present.
RELATIVE PRONOUN: WHICH
Which is applied to animals and inanimate things but not
to people.
Case Example
Nominative The desk which is broken should be replaced.
Case Example
Nominative The man that lost his wallet has just called.