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C443M 11
C443M 11
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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cracks or fractures, and imperfections that would adversely equivalent diameters 825 to 1350 mm inclusive; or not more
affect the performance of the joint. than 10 mm for internal diameters or equivalent diameters
7.1.3 The joints of the pipe shall be of such design that they 1500 mm and larger.
will withstand the forces caused by the compression of the 8.2 The manufacturer’s tolerances for the width of the
gasket when joined, without cracking or fracturing when tested annular space between the gasket bearing surfaces shall not
in accordance with Section 9. vary by more than 610 % of the uncompressed thickness of
7.1.4 The angle of taper on the conic surfaces of the inside the applied gasket.
of the bell or groove and the outer surface of the spigot or
tongue where the gasket seats shall be not more than 3.5° 9. Performance Requirements for Joints
measured from the pipe axis, except that tapers up to 5° are not 9.1 When required by the owner, assembled joints shall pass
prohibited if proven adequate by plant tests as specified in the following performance tests without leakage at the joints,
Section 9 and approved by the owner. The conic surface on the and the manufacturer shall have the option of allowing the
spigot or tongue shall be modified to properly contain and seat assembled joints to stand under a pressure of 90 kPa or less, for
the gasket. a maximum of 24 h prior to the test:
7.1.5 The annular space between the gasket-bearing sur- 9.1.1 Pipes in Straight Alignment—Hydrostatic pressure
faces of the assembled and centered joint shall be not more tests on joints shall be made on an assembly of two sections of
than 75 % of the uncompressed thickness of the applied gasket pipe, properly connected in accordance with the joint design.
including the manufacturer’s tolerances of the joint and gasket. At the option of the owner, a second such test shall be required.
The joint design shall provide for the deflection of a pipe unit Suitable bulkheads shall be provided either within the pipe
by opening one side of the outside perimeter of the joint 13 mm adjacent to and on either side of the joint, or at the outer ends
wider than the assembled position without reducing its water- of the two joined pipe sections. No fillings or packings shall be
tightness. Where greater deflections are required than provided placed prior to watertightness tests. After the pipe sections are
by the joint design, beveled joints or elbows must be provided. fitted together with the gasket or gaskets in place, the assembly
7.1.6 The gasket shall be the sole element depended upon to shall be subjected to an internal hydrostatic pressure of 90 kPa
make the joint flexible and watertight. The gasket shall be a (9 m) pressure head for 10 min. Moisture or beads of water
continuous ring of circular or non-circular cross-section which appearing on the surface of the joint will not be considered as
fits snugly into the annular space between the overlapping leakage. If leakage of joints should initially occur, the manu-
surfaces of the assembled pipe joint to form a flexible facturer shall have the option to extend the test period up to 24
watertight seal. h.
7.1.7 The gasket shall not be stretched more than 30 % of its 9.1.2 Pipes in Maximum Deflected Position—Upon comple-
original circumference when seated on the spigot or tongue end tion of the test for pipes in straight alignment in 9.1.1, the test
of the pipe. sections shall be deflected to create a position 13 mm wider
than the assembled position on one side of the outside
7.1.8 Where the particular design utilizing a rubber gasket
perimeter of each joint and shall be subjected to an internal
dictates the use of a lubricant to facilitate assembly, the
hydrostatic pressure of 70 kPa for 10 min. Moisture or beads of
lubricant composition shall have no detrimental effect on the
water appearing on the surface of the joint will not be
performance of the gasket and joint due to prolonged exposure.
considered as leakage.
NOTE 2—Joints in an assembled position are defined as joints in the
position after assembly in accordance with the manufacturer’s design.
9.1.3 Unless prohibited by the owner at or before the time of
placing an order for pipe with diameters 900 mm or larger, the
7.2 Alternative Joint Designs—When agreed upon by the manufacturer has the option to test the pipe joint for water-
owner, manufacturers are not prohibited from submitting to the tightness to the parameters established in 9.1.1 and 9.1.2 by
owner detailed designs for joints and gaskets other than those methods which pressurize the rubber gasketed joint either
described in Section 7. Design submissions shall include joint internally or externally.
geometry, tolerances, gasket characteristics, proposed plant
tests, gasket splice bend tests, and such other information as 10. Storage
required by the owner to evaluate the joint design for field 10.1 The lubricant shall be stored in accordance to the
performance. Joints and gaskets of alternative joint designs lubricant manufacturer’s recommended temperature range.
shall at least meet all test requirements of this specification if
permitted by the owner. Alternative joint designs shall be 11. Inspection
acceptable provided the designs are approved by the owner 11.1 The quality of the materials and the finished pipe joint
prior to manufacture and provided the test pipe comply with and gasket shall be subject to inspection and approval by an
the specified tests. inspector employed by the owner.
8. Permissible Variations in Dimensions 12. Certification
8.1 The planes formed by the ends of nonbeveled pipe shall 12.1 When requested by the owner, the manufacturer shall
not vary from the perpendicular to the pipe axis by more than furnish written certification that the joint lubricant conforms to
5 mm for internal diameters or equivalent diameters 750 mm all requirements of this specification for the specific gaskets
and smaller; or by more than 6 mm for internal diameters or supplied.
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13. Marking 14.2 At the option of the owner, the pipe joint that has been
13.1 Lubricant—The following information shall be clearly repaired shall be subjected to the designated hydrostatic test in
marked on each container of lubricant. accordance with 9.1.1 and shall be accepted if it passes the
13.1.1 Name of lubricant manufacturer. hydrostatic test requirements.
13.1.2 Usable temperature range for application and stor-
age. 15. Rejection
13.1.3 Shelf life. 15.1 Pipe joints and gaskets shall be subject to rejection
13.1.4 Lot or batch number. upon failure to conform to any of the requirements of this
specification. Pipe that is damaged because of carelessness or
14. Repairs
continuing failure to prevent recurrent imperfections in manu-
14.1 Spalled areas, manufacturing imperfections, or damage facture or damage during handling shall be subject to rejection.
during handling, of each pipe end, are not prohibited from
being repaired and will be acceptable, if in the opinion of the 15.2 Gaskets shall be subject to rejection whenever they
owner, the repaired pipe conforms to the requirements of 7.1.2; show surface checking, weathering, or other deterioration prior
provided the circumferential length of a single area to be to installation in the work.
repaired shall not exceed one fourth of the inside diameter or
equivalent diameter of the pipe or the circumferential length of 16. Keywords
several areas combined does not exceed one half of the inside 16.1 concrete pipe; joints; rubber gaskets
diameter or equivalent diameter of the pipe.
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