2-Role of Deen PDF
2-Role of Deen PDF
2-Role of Deen PDF
(Dogmas, rituals)
Edward Tylor
“The belief in spiritual beings.”
روحانی چیزوں پر یقین
Clifford Geertz
“A religion is a system of symbols which acts to establish
powerful, pervasive, and long-lasting moods and
motivations ”
Emile Durkheim
“A religion is a unified system of beliefs and practices
relative to sacred things” عقائد پر یقین
Melford Spiro
“Religion is an institution consisting of
culturally patterned interaction with
culturally postulated superhuman
beings.”
Peter Berger
literal meaning is
Al-deen…….
َابدُون
ِ ع
َ ُ
ه َ
ل ُنحإ َ
ن و
َ ۖ ً
ة َ
غ ب
إ ِص ِ َّ
َّللا َنمِ ُنسَ ح
إ َ أ نإمَ و
َ ۖ َّ
َّللا
ِ َ
ة َ
غ صِ إب
2:138 -
[And say, "Ours is] the religion of Allah . And who is better
than Allah in [ordaining] Deen? And we are worshippers
of Him."
ت َع َل إی ُك إم ن إِع َمتِي ُ ت َل ُك إم دِی َن ُك إم َوأَ إت َم إم ُ ا إل َی إو َم أَ إك َم إل
اض ُُ َّر فِي یت َل ُك ُم إاْلِ إس َال َم دِی ًنا ۚ َف َم ِن إ ُ َِو َرض
َّللا َغفُو ٌر َّرحِی ٌم ََّ َّف ِّْلِ إثم ۙ َفإِن ٍ ِ
ن ا جَ َ
ت م
ُ ر َ یإ َ
غ ٍ
ة صَ مَ إ
خ َم
ٍ
5:3
ِ َمالِكِ َی إو ِم ال ِّد
1:4 - ین
Sovereign of the Day of
Recompense.
Religion Deen
Non-revealed Revealed/God-gifted
Loneliness/individualism Collectivism
Religion Deen
15
Need of Religion in Modern age
Why???????
Concept of Modern Civilization---
Education
Secularism/ Individualism
Too much dependent on Democracy
Capitalism
Communism
Nation-state system
Too much freedom
Still Issues Exists………
Growing Materialism /Suffering Soul
Increasing Suicide ratio
Violations of Human Rights
Destruction of Family Systems
Establishment of Peace ????
Disparity among Nations
Extreme Poverty and Hunger
Arms and Weapons of Mass destruction
Three Theories to prove need of
religion
2. Philosophical Way
3. Islamic concept
Historical facts
Atheism
Worshiping the Nature
Fear and Greed
Totemism (animal worship)
Animal worship (zoolatry)
refers to rituals involving animals, such as the glorification
of animal deities or animal sacrifice.
When a god is respected or worshipped by means of a
representative animal, an animal cult is formed.
Animal cults may be classified according to their outward
form or according to their inward meaning, which may of
course undergo transformations.
The idea that divinity embodies itself in animals
The Egyptian pantheon was especially fond of zoomorphism,
with many animals sacred to particular deities—
cats to Bastet, ibises and baboons to Thoth, crocodiles to Sobe
k and Ra, fish to Set, mongoose, shrew and birds to Horus,
dogs and jackals to Anubis, serpents.
Animals were often mummified as a result of these beliefs.
Worshiping Idols
Monotheism
(Human Rights)
2- Philosophical way
Cognitive scientist Justin Barrett, for example,
demonstrates that belief in God – and beliefs
more generally – are formed and attained
in two ways:
1) non-reflective, intuitive beliefs that
result from experience, and
2) 2) reflective, conscious beliefs that
result from thought.
The human being naturally forms beliefs
from these two sources. Similarly, the
case for God’s existence in the
Quran and Sunnah involves both
sources of beliefs, heart-based
appeals based on intuition and
mind-based appeals based on
rational reflection.
Quran says:
ponder,eyes,hear,heart,education
Proved Importance of Religion
Iqbal says;
3- Islamic Concept
اسالمی نظریہ
1. Individual Benefits
shahadat / Martyrdom
Gives comfort and satisfaction
(prevent suicide)
Religion's mental health benefits
A large body of research — particularly among people in
the United States — has tied religious beliefs with positive
outcomes for mental health. For example, a 2005 study of
older adults in the San Francisco Bay area found that being
religious served as a buffer against depression among
people in poorer health, with the highest levels of
depression among those who were in poor health and
not religious. In addition, a 2013 study found that patients
who are being treated for mental-health issues such as
depression or anxiety responded better to treatment if they
believed in God.
Hope
(peer-e-kamil,
ش ِهیدًا َع َل ٰى َ ش ِهیدًا َع َل إی ِهم ِّمنإ أَنفُسِ ِه إم ۖ َو ِج إئ َنا ِب َك َ ث فِي ُكل ِّ أ ُ َّم ٍة ُ َو َی إو َم َن إب َع
ش إي ٍء َو ُھدًى َو َر إح َم ًة َو ُب إ
ش َر ٰى َ ٰ َھؤُ ََل ِء ۚ َو َن َّز إل َنا َع َل إی َك ا إل ِك َت
َ ِّ اب ِت إب َیا ًنا ِّل ُكل
16:89 - َلِ إل ُم إسلِ ِمین
“They say, never to us will come the Hour: say, ‘Nay! But most surely,
By my Lord, it will come Upon you – by Him Who knows the unseen
– From Whom is not hidden THE LEAST LITTLE ATOM In the
heavens or on earth: Nor is there anything less than that, or greater,
but Is in the record perspicuous.’” [Al-Qur’aan 34:3]
In recent times modern science has discovered that it is possible to
split even an atom. That the atom can be split further is a
development of the 20th century. Fourteen centuries ago this
concept would have appeared unusual even to Arabs. For them the
‘dharrah’ was the limit beyond which one could not go.
This verse refers to the Omniscience of God, His knowledge of all
things, hidden or apparent. It then goes further and says that God is
aware of everything, including what is smaller or bigger than the
atom. Thus the verse clearly shows that it is possible for something
smaller than the atom to exist, a fact discovered only recently by
modern science.
3. Milk in animals is produced by conjunction between
the contents of Intestine and Blood, mentioned in Quran
1400 years ago, discovered recently:
“And verily in cattle there is A lesson for you. We give you to drink of
what is inside their bodies, Coming from a conjunction Between the
contents of the Intestine and the blood, A milk pure and pleasant for
Those who drink it.” [Al-Qur’aan 16:66]
“And in cattle (too) ye Have an instructive example: From within their
bodies We produce (milk) for you To drink; there are, in them,
(Besides), numerous (other) Benefits for you; And of their (meat) ye
eat.” [Al-Qur’aan 23:21]
William Harwey brought this understanding to the Western world in
16th Century before it was known what happens in the intestines to
ensure that organs are nourished by the process of digestive
absorption, a verse in the Qur’aan described the source of the
constituents of milk, in conformity with these notions.
The Quranic description of the production of milk in cattle is
strikingly similar to what modern physiology has discovered.
4. Fetus protected by 3 Veils of darkness mentioned in
Quran 1400 years ago, discovered recently:
HE is the one who has set free the two kinds of water,
one sweet and palatable, and the other salty and bitter.
And He has made between them a barrier and a
forbidding partition. (Quran, 25:53)
8. Universe is expanding mentioned in Quran
1400 years ago, discovered recently:
“And the heaven (space) We created with might, and indeed We are (its) expander.”
(Quran 51:47)
In 1925, an American astronomer by the name of Edwin Hubble, provided
observational evidence that all galaxies are receding from one another, which implies
that the universe is expanding. The expansion of the universe is now an established
scientific fact. This is what Al-Qur’aan says regarding the nature of the universe.
The Arabic word mûsi‘ûn is correctly translated as ‘expanding it’, and it refers to the
creation of the expanding vastness of the universe. Stephen Hawking, in his book, ‘A
Brief History of Time’, says, “The discovery that the universe is expanding was one of
the great intellectual revolutions of the 20th century.”
The Qur’aan mentioned the expansion of the universe, before man even learnt to
build a telescope! Some may say that the presence of astronomical facts in the
Qur’aan is not surprising since the Arabs were advanced in the field of astronomy.
They are correct in acknowledging the advancement of the Arabs in the field of
astronomy. However they fail to realize that the Qur’aan was revealed centuries
before the Arabs excelled in astronomy. Moreover many of the scientific facts
mentioned above regarding astronomy, such as the origin of the universe with a Big
Bang, were not known to the Arabs even at the peak of their scientific advancement.
The scientific facts mentioned in the Qur’aan are therefore not due to the Arabs’
advancement in astronomy. Indeed, the reverse is true. The Arabs advanced in
astronomy, because astronomy occupies a place in the Qur’aan.
9. Area of Cerebrum responsible for Planning,
Motivation and Behavior, what science confirms today
was already mentioned in the Quran 1400 years ago:
“And We also sent down Iron in which there lies great force and
which has many uses for mankind…” (Quran 57:25)
Astronomical findings have disclosed that the Iron found in our
world has come from giant stars in outer space. Not only the iron
on earth, but also the iron in the entire Solar System, comes from
outer space, since the temperature in the Sun is inadequate for
the formation of iron. The sun has a surface temperature of
6,000 degrees Celsius, and a core temperature of approximately
20 million degrees. Iron can only be produced in much larger
stars than the Sun, where the temperature reaches a few hundred
million degrees. When the amount of iron exceeds a certain level
in a star, the star can no longer accommodate it, and it eventually
explodes in what is called a “nova” or a “supernova.” These
explosions make it possible for iron to be given off into space.
13. Preservation of Egyptian Pharaoh’s body correctly
predicted in Quran 1400 years discovered recently:
“Today we will preserve your body so you can be a Sign for
people who come after you. Surely many people are heedless of
Our Signs.” (Qur’an, 10:91-92)”
On display in the Royal Mummies Chamber of the Egyptian
Museum in Cairo is a mummified body believed to be that of
this tyrant. In all likelihood, Pharaoh’s body floated to shore
after being drowned, was found and mummified by the
Egyptians, and then carried to a previously prepared burial
chamber. The information that Pharaoh’s corpse would serve as
a sign for later generations may be regarded as an indication
that his body would not decay.
Pharaoh regarded himself as a deity and responded with
slanders and threats to Prophet Musa (peace be upon him) calls
for him to believe in Allah. This arrogant attitude lasted until
Pharaoh was faced with the threat of death through drowning.
14. Exploration of Space and Earth correctly predicted
in Quran 1400 years ago:
“When the Heaven shall be cleft asunder, and become rose red, like
stained leather”. (Surat ar-Rahman, 37)
Nebula is the name given to cloud-like masses of gas in space. A
team led by Leisa Townsley, a senior Penn State University
researcher in the field of astronomy and astrophysics, examined the
Rosette Nebula using the Chandra X-ray telescope. They imaged
hundreds of stars in the Rosette Nebula and determined that by
crashing into one another stars produce gas at temperatures of 6
million degrees. Townsley describes what she saw:
A ghostly glow of diffuse X ray emission pervades the Rosette Nebula
and perhaps many other star-forming regions throughout the
Galaxy. We now have a new view of the engine lighting the beautiful
Rosette Nebula and new evidence for how the interstellar medium
may be energized.”
One type of nebula is known as the “Rosette Nebula” because of its
resemblance to a rose. The Rosette Nebula is also a vast cloud of gas
and seems to have an area five times greater than that of the full
moon.2 Its true diameter is estimated at 130 light years.
Before they become nebulae they are stars, and since these
stars are very large, they release gasses into space because of
their high internal pressure and temperatures. These
eruptions of gas are very large and fast. These gasses then
coalesce to form a gas cloud, with a temperature of more than
15,000 0C.
The existence of this body seen in the illustrations can only be
confirmed by high-tech observation equipment. This state of
affairs regarding the skies noted in the Qur’an is in great
agreement with the findings of present-day astronomy. In one
verse of the Qur’an we are told:
“You do not engage in any matter or recite any of the Qur’an or
do any action without Our witnessing you while you are
occupied with it. Not even the smallest speck eludes your
Lord, either on earth or in heaven. Nor is there anything
smaller than that, or larger, which is not in a Clear Book.”
(Quran – Surah Yunus, 61)
16. ‘Black Hole’ mentioned in Quran 1400 years
ago, discovered recently:
Scientists have studied cloud types and have realized that rain clouds are formed and shaped
according to definite systems and certain steps connected with certain types of wind and
clouds.
One kind of rain cloud is the cumulonimbus cloud. Meteorologists have studied how
cumulonimbus clouds are formed and how they produce rain, hail, and lightning.
They have found that cumulonimbus clouds go through the following steps to produce rain:
1) The clouds are pushed by the wind: Cumulonimbus clouds begin to form when wind
pushes some small pieces of clouds (cumulus clouds) to an area where these clouds converge
2) Joining: Then the small clouds join together forming a larger cloud
3) Stacking: When the small clouds join together, updrafts within the larger cloud
increase. The updrafts near the center of the cloud are stronger than those near the edges.
These updrafts cause the cloud body to grow vertically, so the cloud is stacked up
Figure: A cumulonimbus cloud. After the cloud is stacked up, rain comes out of it.
God has said in the Quran:
“Have you not seen how God makes the clouds move gently, then joins them together, then
makes them into a stack, and then you see the rain come out of it….” (Quran 24:43)
Meteorologists have only recently come to know these details of cloud formation, structure,
and function by using advanced equipment like planes, satellites, computers, balloons, and
other equipment, to study wind and its direction, to measure humidity and its variations, and
to determine the levels and variations of atmospheric pressure.
Explain metaphysical things(life after
death, day of judgment, sin, hell,
heaven)
Formulate a civilization