Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Rizal
Rizal
Rizal’s Ancestry:
A. Father’s side:
Domingo Lamco
Great Grandfather, a chinese merchant.
Married a chinese mestiza.
Assumed the name Mercado
o in keeping with the gubernatorial decree of Narciso Claveria
o To free themselves and their children from the prejudices associated with
Chinese surnames.
Parian in Manila to Binan, ending up as tenants in the Dominican hacienda.
Juan Mercado
Rizal’s Grandfather
Married Chinese-Filipino mestiza, Cirila Alejandro.
Became a gobernadorcillo of Binan, Laguna.
they had 14 children.
One of whom was Rizal’s father, Don Francisco.
B. Mother’s side:
Manuel de Quintos
Great grandfather,
A chinese mestizo.
From Ligayen, Pangasinan.
Married Regina Ursa, a woman with japanese ancestry.
One of their daughters, Brigida de Quintos, married Lorenzo Alberto Alonso and
had six children.
Teodora became Rizal’s mother.
o Enjoyed reading books in their library at home with Dona Teodora as his reading
teacher and critic.
also showed his knack in
sketching
painting
sculpture
literature.
Rizal’s admiration of his mother led him to hone his skills in the aforementioned
art forms.
Owing to the constant prodding by Dona Teodora for Rizal to express his feeling
through verses, Rizal was able to write his feelings through verses.
o Sa Aking Kababata
Rizal’s first poem,
8 years old
To My Fellow Children.
To My Fellow Children:
Rizal had a concept of nationalism.
He associated love for the native language bestowed by God with the
desire for freedom, which according to him was on mortgage.
he was already aware that his people had a language of their own.
Rizal describing his native language or Tagalog as comparable to Latin,
English, and Spanish.
Jose calling his fellow children to love their native language.
Maestro Celestino
o Rizal’s first private tutor
Leon Monroy.
o Former classmate of his father, Don Francisco.
o skills in reading, writing, and rudiment of Latin were honed.
Summary:
He was sent to a private tutors. Then, he was sent to a private secondary school and
went to a university for a college degree and completed his studies in Europe.
He was able to emerge the best in class in Latin, Spanish, and the rest of the
subjects in the curriculum for the elementary pupils.
o Many of his older classmates in Binan became jealous of Rizal.
o They did everything to destroy Rizal’s reputation to Maestro Cruz.
o involved in numerous school brawls.
- Rizal did not enjoy his schooling at village school, under Maestro Justiniano
Cruz.
- Rizal considered Maestro Cruz as an expert in Latin and Spanish grammars.
- He detested his teacher regarding the use of Corporal punishment.
o Rizal’s hatred highlighted in Noli Me Tangere.
First thing Ibarra proposed, upon arriving at San Diego was to build a
school for the children of the town.
To Ibarra, the school has to be a playground of the mind and not a torture
chamber.
o Rizal’s derision of the sadistic method of teaching at Binan was due to his height.
He was quite small for his age. He tried to overcome this deficiency in
physical stature with self-assertiveness centered on aggressiveness.
Life in Binan:
- He led a very systematic and disciplined life.
06:00 PM He had to pray with his cousins and then study for
a while.
- Rizal took painting lessons under the father-in-law of Maestro Cruz, the Old
Juancho.
He spent his leisure hours at the studio of Old Juancho.
He was given free lessons in painting and drawing.
The old painter noted Rizal’s talent in painting.
o Eventually, Rizal became an apprentice of the old painter
Chapter 7
Formal Search for Knowledge
Don Francisco
A. did not send Rizal to Colegio de San Jose due to unjust execution of Gomburza
B. wanted to send Rizal to Letran
C. enrolled him in Ateneo Municipal
(Escuela Pia) - Charity school for boys
Established in 1817
Most prestigious school for boys
Enrollment in Ateneo
-Rizal was barely 11 years old
-4 months after the execution of Gomburza
Entrance examination
a. June 10,1872
b. at Colegio de San Jose
c. Since that Dominicans exercised the power of inspection and regulation over
Ateneo
d. Coverered
i. Reading
ii. Arithmethic
iii. Catholic doctrines
Enrollment at Ateneo
a. Rizal was refused entry
b. By Father Magin Fernando
c. due to:
i. Late registration
ii. Frail and undersized body for his age
d. Manuel Burgos- intervened for his admission
e. Did not use Mercado
i. due to Paciano’s association with Father Burgos, a secularization movement leader
A. Programs
a. Bachiller en Artes - 6 year program offered by ateneo
b. Vocational courses
1. Agriculture
2. Commerce
3. Mechanics
4. Surveying
B. Bachiller en Artes
E. Goal of Education
a. Ad majorem Dei gloriam
o For the greater glory of God
b. Ultimate task of Jesuit
o Make lifelong Catholics
c. Climax of secondary course
o Philosophy of man as a creature of God
D. Student Activism
Spanish / mestizo students – Kastila / bangus
Filipino students – indio / chongo
Motivation: racial animosity
Once wounded during a brawl at Escolta, Manila
Secret Society of Filipino Students
i. Compañerismo
ii. Companions of Jehu
iii. Patriot general of the Jews
iv. President: Jose Rizal
v. Secretary: Galiciano Apacible
He criticized
o the humiliating treatment of Dominican mentors to Filipino students
o Also condemned archaic method of instruction at UST
o teaching of Physics and devoid of lab equipment
o Judging of academic performance thru:
favoritism and skin color not meritocracy and intellectual brilliance
F. Decision to Go to Europe
Went to Europe after graduation
Somehow because of disappointment in schooling at UST
Excuse:
o Complete his medical course in Barcelona
Real reason:
o Make name in journalism
o Observe and study European society
o Prepare himself for the task of liberating the Filipinos from Spanish
tyranny