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1st Week - 2019 - Assignment - MOOC - Format PDF
1st Week - 2019 - Assignment - MOOC - Format PDF
QUESTION 1:
1. In fluid mechanics we often use the concept the control volume to derive the conservation
equations. What among of the below statement about the control volume is true?
(a) It is the other name of a closed system (also known as a control mass) and consists of
a fixed amount of mass, and no mass can cross its boundary.
(b) Without any loss of generality, we can call it an isolated system.
(c) Both mass and energy can cross the boundary (the control surface) of a control
volume.
(d) None of the above.
Correct Answer: c
Detailed Solution:
QUESTION 2:
Continuum equations with the classical boundary conditions of no relative slip between the fluid
and the solid become invalid under many circumstances including small-scale flows of
gaseous substances. For a specific case where the representative system length scale is
known to be ~ 1cm while the molecular mean free path remains in the order of ~ 107 m ,
which is the most appropriate statement
(a) The flow domain can be treated as a continuum and no-slip condition can be applied.
(b) The flow domain can be treated as a continuum but no-slip condition cannot be applied.
(c) The flow domain cannot be treated as a continuum but no-slip condition can be applied.
(d) One cannot comment based on the above information.
Correct Answer: a
Detailed Solution:
continuum-bases analysis to particle based analysis. When Kn 0.01 , the flow becomes
free molecular in nature.
107
Here Kn 105 . Thus the flow domain can be treated as a continuum and no-slip
L 102
is valid.
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QUESTION 3:
Which of the following statement about the mechanical pressure on a fluid element is correct?
(a) It is a tensor or order zero and also depends on the orientation of the surface on which it
acts.
(b) It is a tensor or order zero and thus does not depend on the orientation of the surface on
which it acts.
(c) It is a vector and depends on the orientation of the surface on which it acts.
(d) It is a 2nd order tensor and depends on the orientation of the surface on which it acts.
Correct Answer: b
Detailed Solution:
Mechanical pressure is a tensor of order zero and thus does not depend on the orientation of the
surface on which it acts.
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QUESTION 4:
What among the below statements is true for the mechanical ( pm ) and thermodynamic
pressure ( pth ) ?
(a) A pressure sensor records pth . However for most of the practical engineering purposes the
system at the intermediate states of a process gets enough opportunity to attain equilibrium.
Thus both pth and pm are equivalent in these cases.
(b) pm is an invariant quantity i.e. does not depend on the coordinate system used.
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(c) pth is the average mechanical pressure exerted at a point in the fluid but pm is defined as
the force exerted on container walls as fluid molecules coincide with it during their random
movement.
(d) Both (a) and (b) are correct.
Correct Answer: d
Detailed Solution:
A pressure sensor records pth . However for most of the practical engineering purposes the
system at the intermediate states of a process gets enough opportunity to attain equilibrium. Thus
both pth and pm are equivalent in these cases. Also pm is an invariant quantity i.e. does not
depend on the coordinate system used.
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QUESTION 5:
The components in a stress tensor defining stress at a point in three dimensions can be expressed
in the form of a matrix. The number of independent components in that matrix gets reduced if
there is no body couple in the fluid element. What among the below comments about that matrix
is true?
(a) It is a 3x1 matrix with 2 independent components when body couple is absent.
(b) It has 6 independent components without body couple and increases to only 12 when
body couples are present.
(c) It is a 3x3 matrix with 6 independent components when body couple is absent.
(d) None of the above.
Correct Answer: c
Detailed Solution:
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QUESTION 6:
Observe the tetrahedral fluid element shown below with the usual nomenclature of the various
traction components. Why do you think the most appropriate reason is behind choosing such a
fluid element for the proof of the Cauchy’s theorem?
(a) It is just a tradition followed and no-scientific logic is behind such choice. One cannot
proof the Cauchy’s theorem if this convention is not used.
(b) No body forces act on such a volume, only surface forces exist .
(c) Out of the 4 faces one is arbitrarily oriented while rest 3 are the mutually orthogonal
ones. Thus the traction on this 4 th surface can be decompsed in 3 mutually perpendicular
components directing along normals of the other 3 bounding surfaces.
(d) All the 4 faces are oriented along the coorinate axes chosen. Thus the analysis is very
simple.
Correct Answer: c
Detailed Solution:
Out of the 4 faces one is arbitrarily oriented while rest 3 are the mutually orthogonal ones. Thus
the traction on this 4 th surface can be decomposed in 3 mutually perpendicular components
directing along normals of the other 3 bounding surfaces.
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QUESTION 7:
Consider smoke going up a chimney as shown:
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(ii) Thermometers are attached to a particle, A. End up with TA TA (t ) . Can have many particles
Detailed Solution: The first approach is Eulerian approach and suitable for fluid mechanics.
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QUESTION 8:
Cauchy stress tensor at some point P within a fluid has the following components:
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1 2 3
2 4 5 MPa . The traction vector T Txiˆ Ty ˆj Tz kˆ at P on a plane whose normal
3 5 6
vector is given by nˆ (iˆ ˆj kˆ) / 3 , is :
1 ˆ
(a) T 3iˆ j 3kˆ
3
1 ˆ 2 ˆ
(b) T i j 3kˆ
3 3
(c) T iˆ ˆj 3kˆ
1 ˆ 1 ˆ
(d) T i j 3kˆ
3 3
Correct Answer: b
Detailed Solution:
Just take a Matrix-Vector multiplication of and n̂ to get the desired result since T nˆ .
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QUESTION 9:
For the above Cauchy stress tensor can you calculate the hydrostatic pressure?
(a) No it cannot be calculated since equation of state is not valid here.
(b) Yes. The hydrostatic pressure will be p=11/3 MPa.
(c) No, it cannot be calculated since the fluid is moving.
(d) Yes. The hydrostatic pressure will be p=-11/3 MPa.
Correct Answer: d
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QUESTION 10:
For a two-dimensional fluid element at rest, components of stress tensor can be shown as
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22
21
(a)
x2 12
11 11
x1 12
21 22
(b) 22
21 0
x2 12 0
11 11
x1 12 0
21 0 22
22
21
(c)
x2 12
11 11
x1 12
21 22
(d)
22 0
21
x2 12
11 0 21 0
x1 12
21 22 0
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