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Chemistry
Chemistry
9 Chemical bonding and Molecular Structure: Valence electrons and Lewis structures,
Ionic bond, Covalent bond, Bond parameters ,Co-ordinate bond, polarity and dipole
moment, Quantitative idea of – valence bond theory, molecular orbital theory (LCAO),
Concept of hybridization involving s, p, d orbitals, Hydrogen bond, Resonance.
10. Thermodynamics:Macroscopic properties of the system, modes of transfer of energy
between system and surrounding, Phase transition, phase rule and phase diagram, First
Law, second law and third law, of thermodynamics. Internal energy and enthalpy of the
reaction, their measurement and application, spontaneity of process, Entropy and
spontaneity, Helmholtz and Gibb’s free energy, Thermodynamics of electrochemical cells.
13. General principles and processes of isolation of elements and s – block elements:
Principles and methods of extraction, oxidation and reduction as applied to the extraction
procedures of Al, Cu, Zn and Fe.
s – block elements, general introduction – Electronic configuration, occurrence,
Anomalous properties of the first element of each group, diagonal relationship,
Trends in variation of the properties, reaction of alkali and alkaline earth metals.
Preparation and properties and uses of some important compounds: - sodium carbonate,
sodium bicarbonate, sodium chloride, sodium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide and calcium
carbonate, industrial uses of lime and lime stone, biological importance of sodium,
potassium, magnesium and calcium.
14. p – Block Elements: Electronic configuration, variation in physical and chemical properties
of groups 13 to 18, physical and chemical properties of borax, boric acid, boron hydride,
silicones, preparation and uses, preparation, properties and uses of nitrogen, ammonia,
nitric acid and oxides of nitrogen, phosphorus – allotropic forms, preparation and properties
of phosphine,
phosphorus pentachloride and phosphorus trichloride, preparation, properties and uses of
oxygen and ozone, hydrides and halides of 16 group elements, their structure and nature,
allotropic forms of sulphur- their preparation, preparation, properties and uses of sulphur
dioxide, industrial preparation of oxo-acids of sulphur, preparation and properties of
halogen and halogen acids, inter halogen compounds, pseudohalide ions. Oxo-acids of
halogens, their structure and nature, preparation, properties and uses of xenon fluorides,
oxides of xenon and xenon oxo fluorides.
15. The d – and f- Block Elements: General introduction, electronic configuration and
general trend in the properties of first row transition metals like metallic character,
ionization enthalpy, oxidation states, ionic radii, coloured ion formation, catalytic
properties, magnetic properties, oxides, halides and sulphides of first row transition metals,
complex compound formation etc. Preparation, properties and structures of KMnO4 and
K2Cr2 O7, lanthanoids and actinoids.
17. Organic Chemistry : Some Basic Principles and Techniques: General Classification of
organic compounds, Shapes of organic compounds-Hybridisation(sp, sp2,sp3), Structural
representation of organic molecules, Functional groups, Homologous, series. Common or
trivial names, nomenclature of aliphatic, aromatic and substituted aromatic compounds.
Isomerism : Structural and Stereo isomerism Fundamental Concepts in
Reaction Mechanism: Cleavage of covalent bond, Types of attacking species,
electron movement in organic reactions, electronic displacement in a covalent
bond and types of organic reactions.
Methods of purification of organic compounds: Qualitative analysis,
Quantitative analysis., estimation of the elements and determination of empirical and
molecular formula.
21. Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers: Classification, preparation, properties and uses, tests to
distinguish between primary, secondary and tertiary alcohols. Distinctions between alcohols
and phenols. Preparation of ethers , physical and chemical properties.
22. Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids: Structure of carbonyl group, preparation of
aldehydes and ketones, physical , Chemical properties and uses, tests to distinguish
between aldehydes and ketones .Preparations of carboxylic acids preparation properties
and uses.
23. Amines (Organic compounds containing nitrogen ): Classification, Structure of amino
group, preparation, Physical, Chemical properties, tests to distinguish between primary,
secondary and tertiary amines
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