Shrimp

FAO Fisheries Technical Paper No 450
Health management and biosecurity maintenance in white shrimp

(Penaeus Vannamei) hatcheries in Latin America
by
Inland Water Resources and Aquaculture Service
Fishery Resources Division
FAO Fisheries Department
FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS

ROME, 2003
Table of Contents
Cover photograph: Courtesy of Granja Pescis and Ana Bertha Montero Rocha, Mexico
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on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations concerning the legal or development status of any country, territory,
city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries.
ISSN 0429-9345
ISBN 92-5-105022-8
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Health management and biosecurity maintenance in white shrimp (Penaeus vannamei) hatcheries in Latin America.
FAO Fisheries Technical Paper. No. 450. Rome, FAO. 2003. 64p.
ABSTRACT
Aquaculture is an important food-producing sector, and it provides much needed protein, employment, income and livelihoods
support to many people in the world. Shrimp, in particular, is a high value commodity that is mainly produced in Asia and Latin
America, especially for export purposes, and brings a wealth of revenue to many developing countries in those regions. Over
the past decade, there have been considerable problems in shrimp aquaculture, mainly due to viral diseases. Latin America,
in particular, where Penaeus vannamei is the main species produced, has been suffering from severe viral disease problems
since the early 1990s. During the efforts to find lasting solutions to the disease problems affecting P. vannamei culture in Latin
America, it was perceived that stocking with healthy postlarvae is a key factor for achieving better survival during production.
However, to successfully produce healthy postlarvae requires a clear understanding of the basic principles of sound health
management and hatchery biosecurity.
This document provides technical guidance on how to improve the health and quality of postlarvae produced in hatcheries
through improved facility maintenance and husbandry, broodstock maturation, larval rearing, feeding, water quality
management, biosecurity and health management, using interventions at different points of the hatchery production process.
The document also provides valuable information on how Standardized Operating Procedures (SOPs) and Hazard Analysis
Critical Control Point (HACCP) type interventions can be applied during hatchery production of P. vannamei postlarvae. This
document is expected to facilitate the efforts of hatchery operators and managers to produce quality, disease-free, healthy P.
vannamei postlarvae, thus improving overall production and the sustainability of white shrimp aquaculture.
CONTENTS
PREPARATION OF THIS DOCUMENT
PREFACE
ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS
1 INTRODUCTION
2 THE CONTRIBUTION OF MARINE SHRIMP TO GLOBAL AQUACULTURE PRODUCTION
2.1 MARINE SHRIMP AQUACULTURE PRODUCTION TRENDS IN LATIN AMERICA

2.2 SHRIMP AQUACULTURE IN LATIN AMERICA: THE HEALTH ISSUES
3 REQUIREMENTS FOR EFFECTIVE HATCHERY PRODUCTION
3.1 INFRASTRUCTURE
3.2 WATER QUALITY AND TREATMENT
3.3 BIOSECURITY
3.4 STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES (SOPs)
3.5 HAZARD ANALYSIS CRITICAL CONTROL POINT (HACCP) APPROACH
3.6 CHEMICAL USE DURING THE HATCHERY PRODUCTION PROCESS
3.7 HEALTH ASSESSMENT
4 THE PRE-SPAWNING PROCESS
4.1 BROODSTOCK SELECTION

4.2 PROCEDURES FOR BROODSTOCK QUARANTINE
4.3 ACCLIMATIZATION
4.4 MATURATION
4.5 SPAWNING
4.6 HATCHING
4.7 BROODSTOCK HEALTH SCREENING
4.8 BROODSTOCK NUTRITION
5 THE POST-SPAWNING PROCESS
5.1 FACILITY MAINTENANCE

5.2 WATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT
5.3 BROODSTOCK DISINFECTION
5.4 WASHING OF NAUPLII
5.5 SELECTION OF NAUPLII
5.6 HOLDING OF NAUPLII
5.7 TRANSPORTATION OF NAUPLII
5.8 LARVAL REARING AND MAINTENANCE
5.9 LARVAL NUTRITION AND FEED MANAGEMENT
5.10 LARVAL HEALTH MANAGEMENT
5.11 GENERAL ASSESSMENT OF LARVAL CONDITION
5.12 SELECTION OF POSTLARVAE FOR STOCKING
5.13 RISK ASSESSMENT FOR STOCKING
5.14 SHIPPING AND TRANSFER OF POSTLARVAE
5.15 DOCUMENTATION AND RECORD KEEPING
6 REFERENCES
7 ANNEX I - PERSONS RESPONSIBLE FOR COMPILING THIS DOCUMENT
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FAO Fisheries Technical Paper No 450

Health management and biosecurity maintenance in white shrimp

FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS

Applications for such permission should be addressed to:

PREPARATION OF THIS DOCUMENT

ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS

2 THE CONTRIBUTION OF MARINE SHRIMP TO GLOBAL AQUACULTURE PRODUCTION

2.1 MARINE SHRIMP AQUACULTURE PRODUCTION TRENDS IN LATIN AMERICA

3 REQUIREMENTS FOR EFFECTIVE HATCHERY PRODUCTION

4 THE PRE-SPAWNING PROCESS

4.1 BROODSTOCK SELECTION

5 THE POST-SPAWNING PROCESS

5.1 FACILITY MAINTENANCE

7 ANNEX I - PERSONS RESPONSIBLE FOR COMPILING THIS DOCUMENT

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