Physical Pharmacy
Physical Pharmacy
B 22. The bulk density of a powder depends primarily on the following, except:
a. particle size distribution c. particle shape
b. particle sedimentation d. tendency of the particles to adhere to one another
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B 23. When the stressed is removed, a ____ system returns to its original state of fluidity.
a. Plastic c. Pseudoplastic
b. Dilatant d. Newtonian
A 24. An example of liquid-liquid interface.
a. Emulsion c. Mixture
b. Suspension d. Gels
D 25. The degree of adsorption of a gas by a solid depends on the chemical nature of the:
a. adsorbent c. temperature
b. surface area of then adsorbent d. all of the above
C 26. The ff are methods of determining particle size, except;
a. sedimentation c. density
b. optical microscopy d. particle volume measurement
A 27. The ratio of the void volume to the bulk volume of the packing
a. porosity c. bulkiness
b. packing arrangement d. flow properties
C 28. Type of particle density which is determined by the displacement of mercury
a. true density c. granule density
b. bulk density d. void volume
B 29. Kinematic viscosity is also known as:
a. relative viscosity c. fluidity
b. absolute viscosity d. stress
D 30. Viscosity of a pseudoplastic substance decreases with increasing _____________.
a. shearing stress c. pressure
b. temperature d. rate of shear
A 31. As the temperature increases, the solubility of most gases decreases, owing to the greater tendency of the gas to________.
a. expand c. bind
b. diffuse d. scatter
B 32. The following are not organic molecular complexes, except;
a. Clathtrates c. Channel Lattice Type
b. Picric acid type d. Olefin Type
C 33. The following are methods of determining the type of emulsions, except;
a. dye method c. cryoscopic method
b. conductivity test method d. dilution test method
D 34. The change of emulsion type from O/W to W/O or vice versa is known as:
a. coalescence c. creaming
b. breaking d. phase inversion
C 35. Relatively insoluble
a. less than 1 part solute
b. 100-1000 parts solvent
c. more than 10,000 parts of the solvent
d. less than 10,000 parts of the solvent
A 36. The ff are hydrophilic substituents, except:
a. alkyl groups c. hydroxyl group
b. amino group d. carbonyl group
B 37. Molecular weight and mass are examples of _________ property
a. colligative d. none of the above
b. additive e. all of the choices
c. constitutive
A 38. Water is a __________ liquid
a. Newtonian d. dilatant
b. Plastic e. thixotropic
c. Pseudoplastic
B 39. Proposed Law of heat summation
a. Boyle’s Law c. Charles’ Law
b. Hess Law d. Gay Lussac’s Law
B 40. As the length of a non-polar chain of an aliphatic alcohol increases, the solubility of the compoundd in water;
a. increases c. no effect
b. decreases d. all
A 41. Type of reaction wherein the rate is independent of the concentration of reactant or reactants is termed as;
a. zero order reaction c. second order reaction
b. first order reaction d. third order reaction
A 42. The fastest order of reaction to decompose, since according to its differential rate expression, it is independent of the
remaining concentration of the drug after decomposition:
a. zero c. first
b. pseudo-first d. second
B 43. This type of solution has a solute concentration equivalent to its limit of solubility. This would mean that if the same
solute is added to this solution, even in minute amounts, will lead to crystallization, precipitation, or insolubility of that solute:
a. unsaturated solution c. supersaturated solution
b. saturated solution d. none of the above
A 89. In which of the ff. systems does the rheogram plot does not pass through the origin?
a. plastic c. Newtonian
b. Pseudoplastic d. Dilatant
B 90. Which of the ff. systems is referred to as “shear thickening”?
a. plastic c. Newtonian
b. Pseudoplastic d. Dilatant
D 91. Which of the ff. systems is referred to as “shera thinning”?
a. plastic c. Newtonian
b. Pseudoplastic d. Dilatant
C 92. The comparatively slow recovery of the consistency of a material lost through shearing defines
a. Rheopexy c. Thixotropy
b. Dilatancy d. Negative thixotropy
A 93. Cup and Bob Viscometer type where the bob is rotated
a. Searle type c. Cone and Plate type
b. Couette Type d. Oswald type
C 94. Flow of a liquid out from a capillary obeys
a. Stoke’s Law c. Poiseulle’s Law
b. Hooke’s Law d. Graham’s Law
C 95. Which of the ff. forms of radiation is the most penetrating?
a. alpha radiation c. Gamma radiation
b. beta radiation d. electron radiation
A 96. Atoms of different elements having the same number of neutrons
a. isotones c. isomers
b. isobars d. isotopes
B 97. Equation that gives the relationship between the vapor pressure and the absolute temperature of a liquid
a. Raoult’s Law c. Van Slyke equation
b. Clausius-Clapeyron Equation d. vant Hoff’s equation
D 98. Surfactants are
a. lipophiles c. hyophiles
b. hydrophiles d. ampiphiles
D 99. The concentration of a gas, liquid or solid on the surface of a liquid or solid is;
a. solubility c. absorption
b. diffusion d. adsorption
C 100. An isotonic solution has the same;
a. pH as the blood c. salt content as the blood
b. fluid pressure as the blood d. salt content as the blood
D 101. Colligative property/ies;
a. osmotic pressure c. elevation of boiling point
b. lowering of vapor pressure d. all of the above
A 102. This is adjusted to assure stability of liquid pharmaceuticals
a. pH c. Osmolarity
b. lowering of vapor pressure d. all of the above
D 103. Solution in which the solute is in equilibrium with the solid phase
a. unsaturated c. supersaturated
b. subsaturated d. saturated
C 104. This is not true about physical adsorption;
a. reversible
b. adsorbate can be removed from the adsorbent
c. irreversible
d. recognized as Van der Waal’s adsorption
A 105. Two liquids which dissolved in each other in all proportions are said to be:
a. completely miscible c. partially miscible liquids
b. immiscible d. slightly miscible
C 106. States that under the same conditions of temperature and pressure, the spread of diffusion of two different gases are
inversely proportional to the square roots of their densities.
a. Charles’ Law c. Graham’s Law
b. Boyle’s Law d. Ideal Gas Law
A 107. The Avogadro’s number is equal to:
a. 6.02 x 1023 c. 9.6 x 1022
23
b. 1.802 x 10 d. 6.0 x 1023
A 108. Osmotic pressure is:
a. colligative c. additive property of solution
b. constitutive d. accumulative
C 109. The law that governs all reversible reaction is:
a. Boyle’s Law c. Law of Chemical Equilibrium
b. Dalton’s Law d. Law of Conservation of Mass
B 110. Logarithm of the reciprocals of the hydrogen ion concentration:
a. mole c. millimole
b. pH d. pKa
B 111. Two liquids which are completely insoluble with each other are:
a. soluble liquids c. partially miscible liquids
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D 112. The law that gives the relation of volume and temperature at constant pressure:
a. Boyle’s Law c. Dalton’s Law
b. Gay-Lussac’s Law d. Charles’ Law
A 113. Gases are composed of discrete particles called:
a. molecules c. protons
b. electrons d. atom
A 114. The number of grams of solute in 100 gram of solution:
a. percent by weight c. molarity
b. molality d. gram weight
C 115. The decomposition of a solute by electricity is known as:
a. hydrolysis c. electrolysis
b. crystallization d. synthesis
C 116. A colligative property:
a. molality c. freezing point depression
b. molecular weight d. boiling point depression
A 117. Amount whose mass in gram is equal to the atomic weight of the element:
a. gram-atom c. molecular weight
b. mole d. milliequivalent
A 118. the type of chemical bond where atoms share electrons is called:
a. covalence c. electo-valence
b. electrovalent d. electrovalence
C 119. A polar molecule, one region of which is positive and the other negative is called:
a. covalent c. dipole
b. electrovalent d. ionic
C 120. the pressure required to liquefy a gas at its critical temperature:
a. vapor pressure c. critical pressure
b. osmotic pressure d. critical temperature
C 121. For gases the reference substance used to determine the specific gravity is:
a. water c. air
b. carbon dioxide d. oxygen
B 122. The law that governs the relationship between pressure, volume and temperature of gases which is expressed in the
following questions, PV=nRT
a. Boyle’s Law c. Charles’ Law
b. Ideal Gas Law d. Gay-Lussac’s Law
B 123. The above law can be used to determine the ______ of gas
a. atomic weight c. avogadro’s number
b. molecular weight d. mass number
D 124. According to Poiseville equation, the factor that has relatively greatest influence on the rate of flow of liquid through a
capillary tube is the:
a. length of tube c. temperature of liquid
b. viscosity of liquid d. radius of the tube
B 125. The vapor pressure of a liquid
a. decreases with an increase in temperature
b. equals atmospheric pressure at liquid’s boiling point
c. is independent of temperature
d. increases when a solute is added to the liquid
B 126. Sublimation is transformation of matter from;
a. solid to liquid state c. liquid to vapor state
b. solid directly to vapor d. vapor to liquid state
B 127. That portion of energy of a system which cannot be converted to work:
a. enthalpy c. heat potential
b. entropy d. convertibility
B 128. The normal body temperature is 37ºC. What is 37ºC in degrees Fahrenheit?
a. 96.8ºF c. 28.3ºF
b. 98.6ºF d. 199ºF
A 129. The presence of this substance in a formulation enhances the absorption of the active drug
a. surface active agents c. protein
b. fat d. carbohydrate
D 130. The ff. statements are true for HLB system, except;
a. more hydrophilic surfactants have high HLB numbers
b. more lipophilic surfactants have low HLB numbers
c. hydrophilic surfactants from o/w emulsions
d. lipophilic surfactants (Spans) are hydrophobic, emulsion is w/o
A 131. Benzalkonium chloride is a/an;
a. cationic surfactant c. non-ionic surfactant
b. anionic surfactant d. chelating agent
D 132. The ff. are emulsifying agent, except;
a. benzalkonium chloride c. Na Lauryl sulfate
b. cholesterol d. Na sulfate
C 133. This statement is not true:
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a. o/w emulsion is miscible with water c. w/o emulsion is miscible with water
b. o/w emulsion conducts electricity d. o/w emulsion is miscible with water
A 153. This is used to measure optical activity specifically the angle of rotation
a. polarimeter c. viscometer
b. refractometer d. hydrometer
A 154. The reciprocal of specific volume
a. specific gravity c. specific rotation
b. specific refraction d. any of the above
B 155. A liquid with relative viscosity value of more than one is:
a. less viscous than water c. as viscous as water
b. more viscous than water d. NOTA
A 156. This is the surface tension between two liquids
a. interfacial tension c. adhesional force of attraction
b. cohesional force of attraction d. AOTA
D 157. The most stable surface active agents
a. anionics c. amphoterics
b. cationics d. nonionics
B 158. Surfactants with high HLB numbers are
a. lipophilic c. either a or b
b. hydrophilic d. neither a nor b
B 159. Hydrophilic surfactants can form
a. w/o emulsions c. either a or b
b. o/w emulsions d. neither a nor b
C 160. These are substances whose molecules and ions move of their own accord to the interface to low surface tension
a. surfactants c. either a or b
b. surface active agents d. neither a nor b
A 161. Surfactants that are used as w/o emulsifying agents have
a. low HLB values c. either a or b
b. high HLB values d. none of the above
D 162. Methods of determining surface tensions, except;
a. ring method c. drop weight method
b. capillary rise method d. none of the above
D 163. Give/s the temperature-volume relationship of gases at constant pressure
a. Combined Gas Law c. Boyle’s Law
b. Avogadro’s Law d. Charles’ Law
A 164. Law of stress and strain
a. Le Chatelier’s Principle c. Law of Conservation of Energy
b. Law of Mass Action d. NOTA
D 165. The ff. are true of electrolytes
a. colligative properties are higher than non electrolytes
b. conduct electricity
c. dissociate to form ions
d. AOTA
D 166. The ff. can decrease the rate of chemical reaction, except;
a. high energy of activation c. high temperature
b. presence of negative catalyst d. any of the above
D 167. Concentration versus time is linear
a. First Order reaction c. Third Order reaction
b. Second Order reaction d. Zero Order reaction
D 168. The ff. statements are true of first order reaction
a. the rate of the reaction depends on the concentration of the reactant raised to the first power
b. half life = 0.693/k
c. Drug ========= product
d. AOTA
C 169. Emulsions made with Spans are usually
a. unstable c. w/o
b. o/w d. reversible
B 170. This method makes use of the tonicity equivalent
a. “D” method c. White-Vincent Method
b. E method d. Sprowl’s Method
A 171. With RBC, a hypotonic solution will
a. cause hemolysis c. cause hemolysis and crenation
b. cause crenation d. neither cause hemolysis nor crenation
C 172. With the lacrimal fluid, a hypertonic solution will
a. cause hemolysis c. cause crenation
b. cause hemolysis and crenation d. neither caus ehemolysis nor crenation
D 173. With the physiologic fluid, an isotonic solution will
a. cause hemolysis c. cause crenation
b. cai=use hemolysis and crenation d. neither cause hemolysis nor crenation
A 174. Solutions of lower osmotic pressure than that of the body fluid are;
a. hypotonic c. isotonic
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b. hypertonic d. NOTA
B 175. This is the accepted freezing point of the blood serum and the lachrymal fluid
a. 0.52ºC c. 0ºC
b. -0.52ºC d. NOTA
C 176. This is force per unit area
a. velocity c. pressure
b. acceleration d. work
A 177. Raoult’s Law is encountered in the determination of:
a. Vapor pressure c. Freezing Point
b. Boiling Point d. Osmotic Pressure
D 178. The temperature at which the vapor pressure is equal to the atmospheric pressure
a. freezing point c. critical point
b. melting point d. boiling point
D 179. Sublimation is transformation of matter from
a. solid to liquid state c. vapor to liquid state
b. liquid to vapor state d. solid directly to vapor state
A 180. The anode is the
a. + electrode c. neutral electrode
b. – electrode d. NOTA
C 181. Dispersed systems possess this property
a. optical activity c. thixotropy
b. solubility d. tonicity
A 182. Yield value is the term used to denote
a. the force at which the flow begins c. the behavior of Newtonian fluid
b. the thixotropic nature of a substance d. AOTA
D 183. Most stable and most compatible surfactants in pharmaceutical preparations
a. anionics c. amphoterics
b. cationics d. non ioniocs
B 184. A physician needs 60 ml of an isotonic solution of 2% Tetracaine HCl. How many mg of NaCl should be included in
the formula? E Tetracaine HCL is 0.18
a. 160 mg c. 270 mg
b. 324 mg d. 540 mg
C 185. The ultimate separation of the two phases in an emulsion system is;
a. coalescence c. cracking
b. aggregation d. creaming
D 186. Factors that influence the rate of reaction include:
a. presence of catalysts c. concentration
b. temperature d. AOTA
C 187. Density is derived quantity that combines
a. volume and length c. mass and volume
b. mass and weight d. mass and pressure
B 188. The statement of expiration date assures the patient
a. Absence of toxicity c. complete absorption of drug
b. full therapeutic efficacy d. absence of interaction
A 189. An ideal gas is characterized by the complete ________ of attractive forces between molecules
a. absence c. uniformity
b. homogeneity d. diffusion
C 190. Tweens are surfactants derived from the esters of
a. polyvinyl alcohol c. sorbitant
b. methyl cellulose d. propylene glycol
B 191. A proton accepting solvent is
a. aprotic c. amphiprotic
b. protophilic d. protogenic
D 192. A proton donating solvent is
a. aprotic c. amphiprotic
b. protophilic d. protogenic
D 193. One of the ff. is a synthetic surfactant
a. acacia c. gelatin
b. bentonite d. sorbitan
C 194. A Swedish scientist who formulated the first theory of Ionization
a. Van’t Hoff c. Arrhenius
b. Raoult d. Newton
C 195. This gives the direct opportunity between shear stress and rate of shear
a. Raoult’s Law c. Amagat’s Law
b. Newton’s Law d. Dalton’s Law
B 196. This is shelf-life plus date of manufacture
a. half life c. quarantine time
b. expiration time d. NOTA
B 197. Given identical concentrations, this solution will show the greatest osmotic pressure
a. magnesium sulfate c. Potassium chloride
b. Ferric chloride d. Sodium chloride
B 198. The amount of the substance whose mass in grams is numerically equal to the molecular weight of the substance is called
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A 243. Science which deals with the study of the relationship between heat and energy is;
a. thermodynamics c. thermophilic
b. thermokinetics d. thermal energy
B 245. Volume of the spaces between the particles of a powder is called;
a. bulk c. density
b. void d. a and b
A 246. Property of liquid systems that gels in the container but becomes fluid upon shaking is;
a. thixotropy c. diffusibility
b. dispersibility d. a and b
A 247. The following rheologic systems show a change in viscosity with a change in shear rate, except;
\ a. Newtonian c. dilatant
b. Plastic d. Pseudoplastic
D 248. Matter has a definite shape when it is:
a. liquid c. gas
b. mixture d. solid
B 249. Relationship between the buffer capacity of the buffer with the molar concentration of the components is;
a. inversely proportional c. not related
b. directly proportional d. equal
A 250. Size of colloidal dispersions compared to the size of molecules of solute in true solutions are;
a. larger c. smaller
b. same d. a and c
A 251. The ff. combinations are completely miscible, except;
a. water and ether c. alcohol and acetone
b. water and alcohol d. glycerin and refined alcohol
D 252. These substances form colloidal solutions, except;
a. albumin c. acacia
b. polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) d. Na Lauryl Sulfate
A 253. The zigzag movement of colloidal particles
a. Brownian movement c. diffusion
b. tyndallization d. light scattering
B 254. One method used to adjust tonicity of a solution is by;
a. dilution c. adding a minimum amount of salt
b. cryoscopic d. a or b
D 255. The freezing point of a human blood is the same as:
a. tears c. gastric fluid
b. 0.9% NaCl d. a and b
B 256. Polymorphism is the presence of a drug in the ff number of crystalline forms;
a. one c. less than one
b. two d a and b
A 257. Bodies that exhibit plastic flow in non-Newtonian system is known as:
a. Bingham bodies c. coarse particles
b. Newton bodies d. b and c
A 258. The Liso of a drug is its molar concentration that will attain isotonicity based on;
a. freezing point depression of -0.52ºC
b. boiling point of 100ºC
c. melting point of 0ºC
d. any of the above
D 259. Ultrafiltration is similar to:
a. press filtration c. filtration using an ashless filter paper
b. asbestos pad filtration d. reverse osmosis
A 260. Most drugs are:
a. weak electrolytes c. non electrolytes
b. strong electrolytes d. highly ionic
B 261. For some drugs, the rate of solution is increased by:
a. freezing c. humidity
b. high temperature d. photolysis
C 263. Raoult’s Law is applied to the determination of:
a. boiling point c. vapor pressure
b. osmotic pressure d. freezing point
D 264. Powder fineness may be measured by:
a. spectroscopy c. sieve analysis
b. microscopy d. b and c
A 265. Decrease in viscosity is caused by:
a. increase in temperature c. increase in tonicity
b. decrease in temperature d. increase in pH
C 266. The process which involves vaporization and then condensation is
a. crystallization c. fusion
b. sublimation d. freezing
C 267. To increase solubility of endothermic substance
a. dissolve with the aid of ice c. apply heat during the process of dissolving
b. dissolve at room temperature d. NOTA
A 268. The dissolution rate apparatus consist of the following parts except;
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a. lyophilic c. ampiphilic
b. lyophobi d. NOTA
A 289. Mayonnaise is an example of:
a. emulsion d. gel
b. suspension e. None of the choices
c. sol
B 290. Type of solution (based on forces of attraction) where there is complete uniformity of attractive forces:
a. real d. electrolyte
b. ideal e. non electrolyte
c. colligative
C 291. Migration of solute from a greater concentration to a lower concentration:
a. disintegration d. active transport
b. dissolution e. none of the choices
c. diffusion
A 292. This type of emulsion is transparent in character:
a. microemulsion c. simple emulsion
b. multiple emulsion d. AOTA
B 293. Spans are used for what type of emulsion?
a. simple o/w c. multiple
b. simple w/o d. microemulsion
C 294. Dipole-dipole interaction
a. ionic d. debye forces
b. covalent e. London forces
c. keesom forces
B 295. Ionization of a salt or formation of charged ions:
a. ion-induced dipole c. hydrogen bonding
b. ion dipole d. AOTA
B 296. The NaCl equivalent of ZnSO4 is 0.1. This means that
a. 1.0 g of NaCl represents 0.16 g ZnSO4
b. 0.16 g Na Cl is equivalent to 1 g ZnSO4
c. 0.16 g NaCl is equivalent to 0.16 g ZnSO4
d. NOTA
B 297. Hydrogen forms a bridge with the following, except;
a. Fluorine c. oxygen
b. Magnesium d. Polypeptides
B 298. The ff. are drug/pharmaceutical agents that exhibit polymorphism, except;
a. theobroma oil c. chloramphenicol
b. penicillin d. carbamazepine
A 299. Supercooled liquids in which molecules are arranged in a random manner
a. amorphous solids c. crystalline solids
b. liquid crystals d. powders