THE CHARACTER ANALYSIS OF ROBERT

CHILTERN IN OSCAR WILDE’S AN IDEAL

HUSBAND

A SARJANA SASTRA THESIS

Presented as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements

to Obtain the Sarjana Sastra Degree in
Technocrat School of Foreign Language

By

Name : Rantika

Student Registration Number : 961340001426

TECHNOCRAT

SCHOOL OF FOREIGN LANGUAGE

TANGERANG

2017
 A Sarjana Sastra Thesis on

THE CHARACTER ANALYSIS OF ROBERT

CHILTERN IN OSCAR WILDE’S AN IDEAL

HUSBAND

by
Rantika

Student Registration Number : 961340001426

Approved by:

RADIK DARMAWAN, SS., M.Pd :_________________May27th, 2017

Major Sponsor

AGUS UDONG RAPIUDIN, S.S., M.M :_________________May27th, 2017

Sponsor

i
 A Sarjana Sastra Thesis on
THE CHARACTER ANALYSIS OF ROBERT

CHILTERN IN OSCAR WILDE’S AN IDEAL

HUSBAND

by
Rantika

Student Registration Number : 961340001426

Defended before the board of examiners on June 3rd, 2017 and declared
acceptable.
Board of Examiners Signature

Chairman: Name, Title

Member: Name, Title

Member: Name, Title

Head of Technocrat School of Foreign Language,

SUBIYANTO, S.Pd, M.M

ii
 STATEMENT OF AUTHENTICITY

I hereby state that this thesis is my own masterpiece. If someday it is

found that entire or part of this thesis is not my own masterpiece, I accept to be

imposed sanction based on the Law No. 20 year 2003 chapter VI verse 25 of the

National Education System.

Tangerang, June 3th, 2017

Rantika

iii
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Assalaamualaikum Warrahmatullahi wabarakatuh

Firstly, I would say thank you to Allah SWT to give me health at this

time. For my beloved mother, I can’t say anything but thank you always give me

support in any condition and believe me that I can complete this thesis with my

own ability. She always give me strength when I feels so tired and remember me

that is more important to complete the thesis soon.

I also would to say thank you For Radik Darmawan, SS.,M.Pd and Agus

Udong Rapiudin, S.S.,M.M for guidance and also direction in doing my last

assignment as a student of collage at Stba Technocrat and finally, I can complete

my thesis well. Entitled “ The Character Analysis Of Robert Chiltern in Oscar

Wilde’s An Ideal Husband”.

For all the lecturers in Stba Technocrat, I really thank you for the lesson,

knowledge during 4 years to study in Stba Technocrat. There is no words can

describe that I really thank you to all of people that always support me. I realize

that this thesis is far from being perfectI admit that to achieve something in the

future, I must study hard, believe on our selves that we have ability and also pray

to Allah. Insya Allah we will achieve his dream.

Tangerang, May 26th , 2017

Rantika

iv
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

PAGE OF APPROVAL .................................................................... i

STATEMENT OF AUTHENTICITY ............................................... iii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ............................................................... iv

TABLE OF CONTENTS ................................................................... v

ABSTRACT ....................................................................................... vii

ABSTRAK ......................................................................................... viii

CHAPTER I ....................................................................................... 1

A. Background of Study .................................................................... 1

B. Problem Formulation ...................................................................

C. Objectives of the Study .................................................................

D. Benefits of the Study ....................................................................

E. Definition of Terms ......................................................................

CHAPTER II ......................................................................................

A. Definition of Literature ................................................................

B. Drama ...........................................................................................

C. Intrinsic Element ..........................................................................

D. Extrinsic Element ........................................................................

CHAPTER III ....................................................................................

A. Object of the Study .......................................................................

B. Approach of Study ........................................................................

v
C. Method of Study ...........................................................................

D. Steps of the Study .........................................................................

CHAPTER IV ....................................................................................

A. The Character Personality of Robert Chiltern ............................

B.The Development Personality of Robert Chiltern ........................

CHAPTER V......................................................................................

A. Conclusion ....................................................................................

B. Suggestion .....................................................................................

BIBLIOGRAPHY ............................................................................

APPENDIX .......................................................................................

vi
 ABSTRACT

Rantika (2017). The Character Analysis of Robert Chiltern in Oscar Wilde’s

An Ideal Husband. Technocrat School of Foreign Language.

The purpose of this study and analysis is to understand the character and
the personal development of personality in the main character of Robert Chiltern
in Oscar Wilde's An ideal husband. To get results related to the analysis of human
personality development contained in the main characters in the drama, the author
attempts to formulate these issues into two questions. The first question is How is
the character of Sir. Robert Chiltern? (1) How is the development of personality
of Sir. Robert Chiltern? (2).

In analyzing and conducting research on the character and the personality

development of a human being contained from Robert Chiltern as the main
character in the drama An ideal Husband by Oscar Wilde the author uses a
psychological approach. The psychological approach applies the personality
theory developed by Erik Erikson to know how personality develops in human
beings and analyzes the stages that pass as a form of personality development
contained in the main characters in the drama. The writer also uses Burhan
Nurgiyantoro theory to attempt to analyze how is the character of Robert Chiltern
as the main character in the drama. The author uses the method of library research
to collect theories that will be used in analyzing to get answers from the problem
formula. All analyzes must be based on evidence and the author gets the evidence
through quotations from the drama as a support to answer all questions of the
formula problem.

In the last, the writer finds that the character of Robert Chiltern is a
protagonist because he is an ambitious, loyal, responsible and also ideal husband.
The stage of personal development begins when the secrets of his past are known
to others, his wife thinks he is the ideal person and that makes him burdened. The
secrets of the past that made him choose between honesty or maintaining an ideal
figure for his wife made him to decide what made him a more mature figure in the
developmental stage of personality. Her secret past in knowing his wife and
making him very disappointed but ultimately his wife accepts him with his past
and all the deficiencies in Robert. In the end Robert got through the stage of
intimacy in personal development because he turned into a better figure and
managed to build a happy marriage relationship, honest and also accept each
other.

vii
 ABSTRAK

Rantika(2017) Analisis karakter dari Robert Chiltern dalam An Ideal

Husband karya Oscar Wilde. Sekolah Tinggi Bahasa Asing Technocrat.

Tujuan dari penelitian dan analisa ini adalah untuk memahami karakter dan
perkembangan kepribadiaan seorang manusia yang terdapat dalam karakter utama yaitu
Robert Chiltern dalam drama An ideal husband karya Oscar Wilde. Untuk mendapatkan
hasil berkaitan dengan analisa perkembangan kepribadiian manusia yang terdapat dalam
karakter utama dalam drama, penulis mencoba merumuskan masalah-masalah ini
kedalam dua pertanyaan. Pertanyaan pertama adalah Bagaimana karakter Tuan Robert
Chiltern? (1) Bagaimana perkembangan kepribadian dari Tuan Robert Chiltern ?(2).

Dalam menganalisa dan mengadakan penelitiaan mengenai karakter dan

perkembangan kepribadiaan seorang manusia yang terdapat dari Robert Chiltern sebagai
karakter utama dalam drama An ideal Husband karya Oscar Wilde penulis menggunakan
pendekatan psikologi. Pendekatan psikologi mengaplikasikan teori personality yang di
kembangkan oleh Erik Erikson untuk mengetahui bagaimana perkembangan kepribadiaan
dalam diri manusia dan menganalisa tahap-tahap yang dilalui sebagai bentuk dari
perkembangan kepribadian yang terdapat pada karakter utama dalam drama. Penulis juga
menggunakan teori Burhan nurgiyantoro untuk mencoba menganalisis bagaimana
karakter Robert Chiltern sebagai karakter utama dalam drama. Penulis menggunakan
metode library research untuk mengumpulkan teori yang akan di gunakan dalam
menganalisa untuk mendapatkan jawaban dari problem formula. Semua analisis harus di
dasarkan bukti dan penulis mendapatkan bukti melalui kutipan dari drama sebagai
pendukung untuk menjawab semua pertanyaan dari problem formula.

Pada akhirnya, penulis menemukan bahwa karakter dari Robert Chiltern adalah
protagonist karena dia adalah seorang yang ambisius, setia, bertanggung jawab dan juga
suami yang ideal. tahap perkembangan kepribadiaan dimulai ketika rahasia masa lalunya
telah diketahui orang lain, istrinya menganggap dia adalah sosok yang ideal dan hal itu
yang membuat dia menjadi terbebani. rahasia masa lalu yang membuat dia harus memilih
antara kejujuran atau mempertahankan sosok yang ideal bagi istrinya membuat dia harus
menentukan keputusan yang menjadikan dia sosok yang lebih dewasa dalam tahap
perkembangan kepribadian. Rahasia masa lalu nya di ketahui istrinya dan membuat dia
sangat kecewa tapi akhinya istrinya menerima dia dengan masa lalu nya dan semua
kekurangan dalam diri Robert. Pada akhirnya Robert berhasil melewati tahap intimacy
dalam perkembangan kepribadiaan karena dia berubah menjadi sosok yang lebih baik dan
berhasil membangun hubungan pernikahan yang bahagia, jujur dan juga saling
menerima.

viii
 CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

In this chapter, the writer attempts to explain background of study, Problem

Formulation, Objective of Study, Definition of Terms and Benefits of Study.

1. Background of Study

Language is a tool of communication with words or sounds to convey

something in the mind. There are many languages in the world. Indonesian is the

native language in our country and English is an international language, English

language is used many countries as a native language or as a foreign language. We

can learn a lot of vocabularies in English language or different language in many

countries. Because language could be associated all the countries.

Literature is part of art and literature used language as a media, to make the

text more beautifully with the words. The authors express their feelings with a

language that use when he writes his work. We can learn anything in literature

such as find information about portrait of life the author. Literature not only about

writing but also use sound such as reading poetry. Sometimes the readers are

falling in love for the first time with literature when they looked the title of a work

of literature or because the words that touch the heart or figurative language that

are use in literature. Language is one of way to make everyone more interested

with all of work in literature.

1
 9

There are many types of literature should will be familiar such as novels,

drama, poetry, fiction. Generally in writing a novel based on story of live the

authors and published in a book. Drama is also the story of live the authors. It is

more interesting because we can know any event in the story directly. Poetry are

also one of kinds in literature, poetry are expression the authors when he was

falling in love, sad, broken heart or happy. Poetry be composed of several

sentence and has figure of speech in every sentences. When I was child, my

mother always tell story before sleep about king and queen, ghost or about the

adventure and make we imagine something about the story. That is a form of

fiction. Literature has many types that preferred by everyone start from child until

older people in the world.

Literature has several characteristics of superiority and one of the

characteristic is art. Art is not only about singing or painting but also show on the

stage such as drama. When we watch TV or a show on the stage, there are many

stories which they play and it is also an art. Art is part of human life. Everyone

need something to refresh his mind. And one of way is watch the performance

drama.

Drama is one kind of literature which very interesting. A drama written by

the author in a dialogue and be played by the actors. Drama describes about the

life, start from character, conflict and human behavior on stage. The art drama

usually is called theater. There are many types of drama such as tragedy, comedy,

melodrama, opera etc.

 10

The purpose of performance a drama is an entertainment for the audience. In

every performance drama, we can also learn the values of each story. Is not easy

to do a drama, we must be able to memorize every sentence of the text, has

different expression on the face, totality in the role. Drama will be successful, if

the actors can make an audience understand what the content of the story and

message in the story. Drama is an inspiration and motivation for all of the

performers and the audience.

The author wrote a work not only as a hobby or riches. In fact there are

many readers who became secret admirer the authors because of his work, his

face, or story of his life. The authors has many purposes when he writes his work

and one of which is there are many command who written the author as his dream

and will be shared to all of readers or viewers in a literary to convey something

and give a motivation.

Character is an important part of a work. Characters could be defined as any

person, animal or plant represented in a literary work. Every story must have to a

main character. There are many ways to group main character, antagonist and

protagonist is both making the story more interesting, because conflicts in various

characterization in the play.

Characters created by the author and the person who played the character

named actor. In a performance of drama, they should be memorized the dialogue

in the script. They also should inspire the character to make it look as a reality.

They must also cooperate with other actors to create chemistry and it so difficult

when we must played different character from ourselves.

 11

Protagonist is the type of character that has a good attitude, responsible,

honest, and as a hero in a movie. There are many people who became fans from

the actors who play as figure of protagonist. There is an inspiration and purpose

which are giving suggest positive in their mind. It is the simple way to change the

viewers become more positive person in every situation in the real life. The

viewers will be easy to interpret, if the actors successfuly played in their character.

The people believe that the most popular author in classic is William

Shakespeare and many people believe that William Shakespeare is the best writer

all of time.

William Shakespeare became a legend in all of time in literature, but i was

more interested about other the authors who also has the same achievement with

Shakespeare that is Oscar Wilde. Perhaps there are some people who are still

unfamiliar with his name, but he is also the author of many works that has become

legend. Even until now his work is still much in demand readers and an

inspiration to create a literature work.

Oscar Wilde is a writer who multitalented. He was known as an intelligent

humorist. He is one of the most successful playwrights at the end of Victorian era

in London. He is an artist who likes the aesthetic value. He had a bad past but he

can prove that he can create many works that still remember by the reader until

now. He is someone who deserves to be an inspiration.

He is a litterateur with many accomplishments during his lifetime, many of

his works has the themed of humor, social criticism, and some works who he

wrote is experience of his own life. Many controversies that occurred during his
 12

career, such as the case of homosexuals makes him secure a punishment for 2

years in jail. But it all did not make his career ended. Instead he is more trying to

become famous by creating many works. There are many titles of his work such

as, The Importance of being Earnest, A Woman of No Importance, Lady

Windermere's Fan and an ideal husband. Regardless of past lives the author, his

work is the thing that makes him successful. Because successful get from

accomplishment.

One of the works of Oscar Wilde’s very interesting to be discussed is An

Ideal Husband. It is themed comedy drama about politics in society and personal

life of a person. How to be the perfect husband was actually, to be successful not

only because of the position and property but also a reason to be successful and

the right way for get success.

Everyone has different goals and dreams in life. One of the things that

influence is the personality in every person. Personality is one of the

characteristics that possessed by every living being. Personality is also visible

from his behavior. The nature and personality does not come since birth, there are

many stage to form a personality in ourselves. A person can have a good

character, cheerful, or melancholy. That is influenced because the environment or

the situation in the family. Establishment of character is influenced because of his

personality.

In drama An Ideal Husband by Oscar Wilde, Sir Robert as a main character,

he trough stage when we must choose between honest or reputation. Sir Robert a

politician in the field of politics which are very famous and has everything. And
 13

his wife thinking that he is a perfect man. But his success because of illegal

business in his past and that’s all still to be secret until now. There is someone

who knows about his secrets and will be declared if Sir Robert won’t to cooperate

with her. Actually, Sir Robert is a good man, but every people have a weakness.

His personality showed that he is responsible, but also pessimist.

There is a stage of personality in himself that is honesty or lie for love and

career. The stage of personality occurred when the conflict was appear within

himself, he wanted to tell all the truth but he did not want his wife to leave him, if

she knew all of the secrets. Honesty is one of stage to form a personality. If he

admitted all of his mistakes, so this stage was successful. Personality in him self

affects to the next life. Personality determines the patterns of thinking and action,

because it relates to the past of someone, his attitude, the nature, purposed of life

at this time. To form a personality that is better for the future.

Based on that explanation, the writer is interested in analyzing the drama

using personality theory and presenting it on graduating paper entitled “The

Character Analysis of Robert Chiltern in Oscar Wilde’s An Ideal Husband”

B. Problem Formulation

In this thesis, the writer choose this title An ideal husband for analyzing

Oscar Wilde’s play

1. How is the character of Sir Robert Chiltern?

2. How is the development of the personality of Sir Robert Chiltern?

 14

C. Objective of Study

The writer attempts to analyze how the character’s Sir Robert is the play and

to investigate whether Sir Robert succeed in a stage of personality in his life.

D. Benefit of Study

1. To know the problems in the story more detail

2. More and better understanding about a relationship which are actually

3. More able to appreciate about honesty and accepting all of the weakness

of partner live

E. Definition of Term

1. According to Klarer “literature is referred to as the entirety of written

expression, with the restriction that not every written document can be

categorized as literature in the more exact sense of the word”(2004;1).

2. According to Moulton (in Tarigan, 2000:70) said that drama presented in

action performances have full code and symbols that keep a story from

beginning until the end. Stories like this become an interesting drama.

Drama which too easy to conjecture is precisely not interested.

3. Klarer says that “Generally speaking, characters in a text can be rendered

either as types or as individuals” (2004:17).

4. Protagonist is a character who is admired by the readers, which always

called as a hero because he always does ideal role and follows the rules
 15

and value in the society” As Altendbernd & Lewis,(1966: 56 , cited in

Nurgiyantoro 2002: 178).

5. Personality development proposed a psychoanalytic theory of

psychosocial development comprising eight stages from infancy to

adulthood. During each stage, the person experiences a psychosocial crisis

which could have a positive or negative outcome for personality

development (Erik Erikson 1950, 1963).

 CHAPTER II

THEORY OVERVIEW

In order to know about drama An Ideal Husband by Oscar Wilde in

specific, the writer uses the theories that are presented by some scientists.

2.1 Literature

Literature is already very well known in all of the countries in the world,

as a guide in making a work, searching for information are related to art or as a

first step to start one's career. There are many people who start his carrier based

on hobby who they likes, like the person who hobby writing and finally become

the author. There are many authors who express his feeling through a word which

are combination into a sentence become an article and published into a book as

literary work the authors. Expression is one of part in literature because

expression is soul of the authors.

According to Klarer “literature is referred to as the entirety

of written expression, with the restriction that not every
written document can be categorized as literature in the
more exact sense of the word”(2004;1)

Every book or document published not all is part of literature, there are

several examples work of literature in forms a book or the article that is poem,

novel or drama. It is all a literary work who write by the authors based on his

experience or from the life experience of other people who written in a story

become to a novel or drama. There is also poem, poem written based on his

16
 17

feelings when he was feeling something like happy, sad, or anything who his feel.

Literature is part of art and expression of feelings the authors.

Art is part of literature especially words that use in literary work using

different language. In literature, the author wrote his work with unique language.

Figurative languages that often found in every work such as stanza in poem,

sentence in script drama and etc.

According to Eagleton “Literature is a 'special' kind

of language, in contrast to the 'ordinary' language we
commonly use (1983:4)”

We can learn anything in literature, as information about biography the

author, his work that still exist until now, and language that used in work of

literature. Special language in literature it means that the author use the language

as a form appreciation to work in literature.

Language is important part of the literature, literature using language as a

medium. Language is the best way to express our feeling without speaking to

others, only writing was feeling at this time. For literary work, the authors

attempt to express his feeling through a word and combine into a sentence. The

language used in a works of literature in the form of figurative language and

scientific language so that the writing in these works more meaningful. Language

has aesthetic value that make a literary work more interested from other literature

As Warren and Wellek says that Language is

considered to be the material of literature and literature
uses language in a particular way as opposed to the
everyday and/ scientific use of language. (1948:137)
 18

There are many languages that are used a literary work not only scientific

language but also language which has aesthetic value. The authors used a word

that is rarely used or use figurative language to more increase a value in a literary

work. Like the author who make a title in his book with unique sentence that

make the readers become interesting the first time, when look in this book.

Language is the best way to understand a literary work in literature.

2.2 Drama

Entertainment is one of the things that making each person be excited.

When we feel so tired with his daily activities or school assignments,

entertainment is one way to clear the mind. Create a new spirit for tomorrow.

There are many choices for refresh our mind with simple way such as holiday,

shopping or watching a drama. Performances of drama played by a lot of people,

there are many people who are responsible for performing drama.

Klarer says that “The dramatic or performing arts, however,

combine the verbal with a number of non-verbal or
opticalvisual means, including stage, scenery, shifting of
scenes, facial expressions, gestures, make-up, props, and
lighting (2004:43)

Drama is a performing art that combines all elements, like the authors who

make the script of drama, or worker who organize all of necessary for performing

drama or the people as a player in drama. In addition, there are many tools as

properties on the stage that make a performing drama more look as reality in a

story on the stage. All elements in show is very important to support the

performing of drama become more successful.

 19

The drama is written by the playwright in manuscript form, the playwright

find inspiration in writing a script drama based on his experience or life story

from others. Not only it, all the thing that related with his environment. The

historical of culture or history a state also can make a story of perform drama. The

purposes of performing drama are not only to entertainment but also give a

motivation for the audience.

According to Dietrich “Drama is a story in the form of a dialogue,

the drama is not over interpretation of life, drama is also form of
art. Drama is designed for the audience, the drama relies on
communication. If the drama is not communicative, author intent,
builders emotional response will not be until.” ( 1953:4 )

The story of the drama featuring many instances, the audience usually will

be easily bored when watching a drama whose story is very monotonous, drama

should has conflicts. Conflicts are makes the performing drama is more

interesting. In story, conflict arrived when the main character has a problem with

his life or other player. A main character must have chemistry with partner to

create the situation look as reality. A sad situation in the story will build emotions

of the audience who watch the show and make the audience understand the story

until the end.

2.2.1 Types of Drama

The most people in the world had been familiar with drama and the

performances of drama because drama is different from other genres of

literature. Drama has many different types and classification. Every area within

a country has a different type of drama with other areas and has a characteristic

to represent the area.

 20

According to klarer ( in Aristotle (384-322 BC)

2004:44) There are two forms of drama that is comedy and
tragedy

Comedy and tragedy are two types of drama that are very popular and

many performed in every show. It is not difficult to guess the type of drama in

staged, because they are usually the staging made very similar to the story to

make a lot of people directly identify the kind of drama. Because they are

usually wear costumes or backgrounds as the view of the origin of the story.

1. Tragedy

Tragedy is a very touching story and a lot of the audience liked the story,

one factor that supports the success of a drama is a story that will be displayed in

the show. Many in the audience were carried away with emotion while watching

sad stories. Tragedy is one more type of drama with the theme of grief and

struggle in life's challenges. In tragedy stories are usually taken from a true

story.

According to Klarer ( in Aristotle 384-322) In the sixth book

of The Poetics say that tragedy as “a representation of an action
that is heroic and complete” and which “represents men in
action and does not use narrative, and through pity and fear it
effects relief.” (2004:44)

It is not only must memorize all the dialogue but also required the

concentration and appreciation of the play drama, because gestures and

appreciation are very aware of when she played a character in the drama. In

order for the actor look more natural role as a true story and the audience will be

easy to carried away with emotion and touch their hearts

 21

2. Comedy Drama

The drama tells the story not only sad but also there is one kinds drama

that makes everyone when watched the show be very entertained and start

Forgetting for a moment of sadness and problems in life.

As klarer says thay “drama has humorous themes intended to

entertain the audience”. (Aristotle (384–322 BC(2004;44)The drama
is usually called the comedy drama.

We often hear the word "comedy" and it must be related to something

exciting or funny events in our lives.

Expression has owned by the actors who playing in the show of comedy

drama. The script made by any author as a real life story, but in fact is only opus.

Comedy drama generally more preferred by every society in different walks of

life. Because the story very unique and make all the audience laughing when

watching every scene of the show in comedy drama.

2.3 Intrinsic element

Intrinsic elements are the elements that build literary work itself. The

intrinsic elements of drama are the elements participating to build a story.

Wellek and Warren (1977: 139) in their book “Theory of

Literature” said that intrinsic approach are being introduced
based on a survey of the wider range of forms in modern
literature.
 22

There are many intrinsic elements in an element intrinsic drama and

each has its own section as a theme, the theme is the main idea in the story. There

is also the plot, the plot is a storyline or series of events that occur in a story and

there is also a character. The character is one important part of an intrinsic

element. Intrinsic element has an important role in analyzing a literary work.

2.3.1 Character

Characters are formed in a person. Everyone has a different character.

Characters in a person can be in the know from the How to think, behave in a

community or family. Character of someone can affect from his environment or

their family.

Klarer says that “Generally speaking, characters in a text can be

rendered either as types or as individuals” (2004:30)

In a show of drama, characters are drawn from life and created by the

playwright as a actor in story. There are many messages that convey as moral

value by the actors, through an attitude and the nature in character based on

script who his play on the stage in perform drama to the audience.

1. Types of character

The person has a character that distinguished with other, the

character always related with the attitude and nature. There are many

people who look the person when they meet with the first time and directly

know his character. In drama, there are many kinds of character in drama

and had been familiar with all of the types of character, one of the types in

character is protagonist and there is also the opposite with protagonist that

is antagonist.
 23

Nurgiyantoro say that the distinction of character based

on the function of its role in the story can be categorized
into the protagonist and the antagonist (2002: 178)
The protagonist always opposite with the antagonist because there

are many different attitude and nature. They are always become enemy in

the story.

1.1 protagonist

The main character will always be important in any work of in

literature. The protagonist is one of the major figures in literature. The

character portrayed in the figure protagonist is the main character is good-

natured, has a high sense of social awareness, responsible, honest and like

a hero in the community or the environment.

Protagonist is a character who is admired by the

readers, which always called as a hero because he always
does ideal role and follows the rules and value in the
society(Nurgiyantoro 2002: 178)

Protagonist usually always run into trouble or got many trials in

his life, the protagonist is the main character that is much used as an

example of a figure in daily life. There are many actors that play a

Protagonist character that became the idols by their fans because the

protagonist character’s can give positive value in any of his works on the

Play.

The protagonist is a hero in a story, in real life hero means that a

person who always do is to something goodness during his life time until

he passed away. In a story, the author created a character that always has a
 24

good nature as opposed to character that has bad nature. The protagonist

always fights against evil and defends kindness.

According to Klarer “The protagonist or main character is

depicted in more detail and with greater care, thereby
moving beyond the classical epic whose main character
functions primarily as the embodiment of abstract heroic
ideals.(2004:10).

The actors who play protagonist characters must look likes good

people who deserve and became a defender of the righteousness.

Protagonist is a character who still exists until ending story.

1.2 Antagonist

In life, human were created by God to perfect. But has different

quality in nature there are some people who has good nature and also bad

nature that is all affect by condition in family or environment. In perform

drama, there is a role character that was plays by the actors who have bad

nature, egoist and victors

According to luxembrug “ antagonist is the opposite character of

protagonist either physically and psychologically” (1992:145)

The opposite of protagonist is antagonist. Antagonist became the

enemy of protagonist in any situation. It is not easy to play role antagonist

in role performed drama. The actors need chemistry and face mimic to be

bad person in story to perform drama.

2.4 Extrinsic elements

 25

Extrinsic elements are very influential in building a literary work, a lot of

factors which support the creation of literary works by the author. Factors that

influence the making of literary works such as the state of the psychology of the

author, past experience, or imagination that makes a literary work was different

from the others. Extrinsic elements are also an important part of analyzing a

literary work. In literature extrinsic elements include biography of the author,

Psychology, idea in making literary works.

As Wellek and Warren say that “These extrinsic

methods are not limited to a study of the past but are equally
applicable to present-day literature”.(1931:65)

Every literary work has an important role in the life the author, and the

factors that support makes the literary work has artistic value is more useful for

the authors and readers.

2.4.1 Psychology

Psychology is the science about the soul into human subconscious,

conditions and actions to do something, feeling happier, anxiety and mental

condition in humans in direct contact with his subconscious.

William James says that “Psychology is the Science of

Mental Life, both of its phenomena and of their
conditions. The phenomena are such things as we call
feelings, desires,….” (1980:2) .

Psychologist associated with the subconscious and cannot be seen

shapeless. The reason someone does something and act that is an order of the

human subconscious.
 26

2.4.2 Personality development

Personality is one of the characteristics of a living being. Every human

being who is born does not yet their own identity. Identity in human beings on

several stages and each stage makes peoples become more developed and also

thinking. There are many experiences that will be passed in each stages of the

development of the human personality and it makes more can think to take a

decision in his life.

Erik Erikson (1950, 1963)” proposed a

psychoanalytic theory of psychosocial development
comprising eight stages from infancy to adulthood.

Personality in their self makes they different with other people, we can

look it from the attitude or nature. Personality development makes the person

better than his past.

1. Infancy (trust-mistrust)

The development of the human personality begin when he was

born in the world, when babies aged 0-18 months. The baby is very

necessity protect from their parents. The parents must be doing

something such as provide food for baby.

Infancy is a time of in-corporation, with infants “taking in”

not only through their mouth but through their various sense
organs as well. (1963-1989: 250-252)

There is hope in baby self to begin believe for parents or someone

who always beside her to keep her and makes baby feel comfortable.

Trust obtained because parents can provide protect to the child so that the
 27

child begins to feel secure, but if parents cannot provide the protection

that baby will feel unsafe.

2. Toddler (autonomy - shame and doubt)

Toddler (Early childhood) a something that happened when the

child aged 18 months to 3 years. At this stages the child begin to build

confidence in self, parents are also a big influence during its development,

the child must be able to foster a sense of confidence in him so that he

could do things that made him become successful.

Early childhood is time of contradiction, a time of

stubborn rebellion and make compliance, a time of
impulsive self-expression and compulsive deviance, a
time of loving cooperation and hateful resistance…..
(Erikson ,1968)

This stage of development the child will manage to do new things

to see examples of their parents or the surrounding environment. Child

begin to learn to walking, toilet training, running If this stage is successful

in children's self confidence will grow and have a sense of self in him. But

if this does not work stage of development the child will begin to have

confidence in him and makes him an easy to give up, have a sense of

pessimism and has feeling doubt in self to doing something.

3. Pre scholar ( initiatife vs guilt)

Preschooler (play age ) 3 to 5 years . This stage also still need the

supervision of a parent, the child is still learning how to do new things, but
 28

at this stage the child is more cautious in acting, good or bad, and also the

initiative to do something new. It can provide useful experience in his life.

Erikson stated that Play age is also the stage in which

children are developing a conscience and beginning to
attach labels such as right and wrong to their behavior.
This youthful conscience becomes the “cornerstone of
morality” (1968, p. 119)

Children attempt to learn new something but in this stages, he

learn something activity as purpose such as play while learning. The

parents must be teach about something right and wrong as daily routine in

home for example pray before eat. This stage will be successful if their

parent give motivation and good example to child in learn something.

4. School age ( industry vs interpriority)

At this stage of development, the child began to know the world

outside the home that school and learn a new thing that no school as

homework given by teachers. Play with her friends or learn new

experiences. Children will begin to believe in the capabilities, learn to

discipline against time and another new things. The new experience will

make the children learn more and also choose good or bad thing in his act.

School age children develop the basic of strength of

competence: that is, the confidence to use one’s physical
and cognitive abilities to solve the problems that
accompany school age. Competence lays the foundation
for co-operative participation in productive adult life
(Erikson, 1968, p.126)

This stage will last for 6-12 years old children and can make

children more familiar with the outside world, child will be success at this

stage if they will make the child more confident in his ability but when the
 29

child fails to do something, or like a failure in the race of the child will

feel pessimist.

5. Adolesecent (identity and identity confuse)

This is the stage of development to begin the search for self-

identity in humans, and occur on 12-18 age. The transition habits of

children being a teenager. Searching for identity in himself and make it

different. In this stage, people learn to understand they self, to build

confidence and also learn the nature and attitudes that will build its own

identity.

Based on theory Erikson stated that “The adolescent

mind is essentially a mind or moratorium, a psychosocial
stage between childhood and adulthood, and between the
morality learned by the child, and the ethics to be
developed by the adult “(1963, p. 245)

This stage of development will be successful if the man could

seek new experiences to make identity in itself, failure in this stage will

experience when he has not believed in himself and does not believe in his

ability.

6. Young adult (intimacy vs isolation)

At this stage began to share ourselves more intimately with others

or lover. In this stage, people turn toward others, working to build

intimacy based on mutual caring. For most, this stage involves marriage

and parenthood. However, people also meet the challenge of intimacy

through other relationships. This problem arises at the stage of early

adulthood. Where someone will start looking for a life partner based on
 30

the experience of love gained. They will start to make a commitment to

establish a more serious relationship with his partner. He wants to be

better person for his future, to appreciate what is the meaning of a true

relationship and more mature in dealing with problems. They have the

desire to love and be loved.

Young adulthood is marked by the psychosocial crisis of

intimacy versus isolation. Intimacy means an ability and
willingness to share a mutual trust. It involves sacrifice,
compromise and commitment with relationship of two
equals(married). Isolation defined as the incapacity to take
chances with one’s identity by sharing true intimacy
(Erikson, 1968)

Young adult aged 18-35. The person will experience stage of

intimacy when he find a true love in life that make him more better from

past, on the other hand there are people who feel isolated because they are

afraid of the tendency of engaging in intimacy with a partner. They are

afraid of being rejected, was not confident to express love in couples. As

a result they will turn away and close themselves from the association

thatexists. Usually this happens because of a bad experience of love in the

past. Those who do not build intimate relationships feel isolated and

lonely.

7. Adulthood

This is the stage where every human being would be more focus

on the family and career, if at an earlier stage of human can get past that

stage then he will be easy to balance with this stage. The family is an
 31

important part in her destiny. The spirit of the human family makes this

much can be motivated to build a better career than ever before.

Adulthood Care as” a widening commitment to take care

of the persons, Generativity defined as “the generation of
new beings as wellas new products and new ideas”
(Erikson, 1982 p.67) Stagnation is the generational cycle
of productivity and creativity is crippled when people
become too absorbed in themselves.

At this stage the person’s establish our careers, settle down within

a relationship, begin our own families and develop a sense of being a part

of the bigger picture. For the mature adult, this motivation is not merely an

obligation or a selfish need but an evolutionary drive to make a

contribution to succeeding generations and to ensure the continuity of

human society as well.

8. Old age

The last stage of human development according to Erikson is old

age. Certainly, every people in the world will be grow old. Old age is time

to refresh our mind from everything that making life become complicated.

On this age, the people must be enjoy, spent more time to gather with

family. Old age 55 to 65 until passed away. Old age can be time of joy,

playfulness, and wonder. But it also a time of senility, depression, and

despair.

Erikson defined wisdom as “informed and detached concern

with life itself in the face of death itself (1982 p.61). The ego
integrity is sometimes difficult to maintain when people see
that they are losing familiar aspects of their existence. Despair
literally means to be without hope. Once hope is lost, despair
follows and life ceases to have meaning.
 32

This stage is the stage of old age (old age). This is a difficult stage

skipped because people in this age tend to be introspection. Develop a

sense of acceptance of life as it was lived and the importance of the people

and relationship that individual developed over the lifespan. Understand

and accept the meaning of temporary life. Or complains about regrets, not

having enough time, and not finding a meaning throughout life

Personality is characteristic in human life, personality

development formed in several stages to get good attitude and nature as an

identity from a human. During each stage, the person experiences a

psychosocial crisis which could have a positive or negative outcome for

personality development. Whereas the personality development also

affected on the attitude of the past which are connected to one or the other

attitude on human self.

We are born into the world as a human, from baby to be adult.

The parents learn anything about life to make we have an own identity.

God create every human with perfect form but as time goes everything has

changed, the baby grow into adult. Of course, the nature and attitude also

change, the human physic also follow the growth of age and it all that

make every people look different with each other.

According to Erich Fromm defined personality as “the

totality of inherited and acquired psychic qualities which
are characteristic of one individual and which make the
individual unique” (1947 p. 50).

Unique is part of personality in human that will make different

with each other, the people has a different nature and attitude. Physical
 33

quality relate only to the brain such as intelligence in human beings while

the beautiful relate to the inner beauty that cannot be seen shape.

Personality is identity from a human and all of the people can change a

personality in his self, if we keep learning, receive any mistakes and make

the spirit to continue improve ourselves to be better for the future.

 CHAPTER III

METHOD OF STUDY

In this chapter, the writer explains some terms those terms are the object of

study, the approach that is used to analyze data. The research method of the study

contains: type of the research, object of the research, type of the data and data

source and method of data collection.

A. Object of the study

The object of the research in this study is character used in Oscar Fingal

O'Flahertie Wills Wilde’s drama. Oscar Wilde is an author, playwright and poet

Oscar Wilde was a popular literary figure in late Victorian England. One of his

works that Wilde’s became the famous playwright in 1895 with the publication of

the play “An ideal husband” It is considered a great English literary work and one

of the best of Wilde’s career. An ideal husband has a 4 act, the first act contain 6

scene, the second act contain 3 scene, the third act has 3 scene and the last act that

is act fourth has 4 scene.

An ideal husband is an interesting play. In drama An Ideal Husband by

Oscar Wilde, the themed of play about honours and social corruption. The story

begins a man who named Sir Robert Chiltern. He is politician in his country and

has wife who always assume that her husband is a perfect husband.

33
 36

B. Approach of the research

In this research, the writer uses psychology approach , especially

personality theories in analyzing character included in Oscar Wilde’s play in order

to answer the questions in problem formulation point (1) and (2) because character

is one of the members of intrinsic elements of literary work. William James says

that “Psychology is the Science of Mental Life, both of its phenomena and of their

conditions. The phenomena are such things as we call feelings, desires, cognitions,

reasoning, decisions, and the like; and, superficially considered, their variety and

complexity is such as to leave a chaotic impression on the observer” (1980:2) .

C. Method of the study

This writer uses the method descriptive research because it attempts to

describe the development personality in human self found in the play. The writer,

due to the problem and objective of the study, the writer used a library research

method explore the character in An ideal husband play.

To complete the writer regarding character in personality theory, the writer

uses some books as a reference are:

1. An introduction to literary studies theory by Mario Klarer 2004

2. Literary Theory An Introduction Second Edition by Terry Eagleton 1983-

1996

3. Pengkajian Fiksi by Burhan Nurgiyantoro 2002

4. Theories of personality 7th edition by Jess Feist

The principles of psychology by William james

 37

D. Steps of study

In collecting the data the writer does dome steps, firstly, the writer

searches the script of Play text from internet:

(http://keynes.scuole.bo.it/~amaducci/PS%20An%20Ideal%20Husband%20GB.pd

f ), secondly, the writer watches play from youtube,

(https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PsiHngckJdQ) and thirdly, the writer reading

The data researches in form go paragraph and dialogue from the play. They

have been collected based on the purposed of research. There are some steps,

which are used to collect the data of this research. They are follows:

1. Reading, watching and understanding An Ideal Husband play directed by

Oscar Wilde

2. Selecting the materials or sources are with the problem and purpose of

research.

3. Composing the theories that would be used for the analysis

4. Determining the conclusion based on the analysis.

 CHAPTER IV

ANALYSIS

In this chapter, the writer attempts to analyze how is the character of Sir

Robert Chiltern and how is the develop personality on himself, based on An ideal

husband plays to answer the questions of problem formulation.

4.1 The character type of Robert Chiltern

Physical is one of the traits which different one person with the others.

Every actor has many fans and become idol because he has a perfect physical

in himself. The most of people like someone who has the face that handsome or

beautiful. For the writer a person who has goodness in himself better than a

person who only has perfect face. An ideal husband plays one of the characters

is Sir Robert Chiltern.

A man of forty, but looking somewhat younger. Clean-shaven,

with finely-cut features, dark-haired and dark-eyed. A personality of
mark. few personalities are. But intensely admired by the few, and
deeply respected by the many. The note of his manner is that of
perfect distinction, with a slight touch of pride. ( act 1 pg 10).

In play, Sir Robert Chiltern is a man who has dark haired, he also has

dark colored eyed. He aged forty but he still look younger. From the explaining

above we know that sir Robert Chiltern is someone who has perfect face and

also he is handsome man. There are many people who interested with him

because he is also works in field politic at House of Commons as

parliamentary. “deeply respected by the many” it means that he has a good

attitude and the people also respect to him and really appreciate to him.

38
 39

There are many people who has the relationship with his partner, love is not

only about relationship but also how is the person keep their relationship. In

relationship, faithful is the way to proof that we love each other and keep

relationship. Not only we often says I love you to beloved but also we can

proof that we are the faithful person through the action and an attitude to his

partner. In An ideal husband plays, Sir Robert has a relationship goals with

someone whom is really loved who named Lady Gertrude Chiltern. She is

beautiful woman, having a good attitude and also perfectly.

SIR ROBERT CHILTERN. 'I want you. I trust you. I am coming to

you. Gertrude.' Oh, my love! Is this true? Do you indeed trust me,
and want me? If so, it was for me to come to you, not for you to
write of coming to me.( act 4 pg52).

Robert Chiltern is a person who faithful, we can look it from his nature.

He always became admired by his wife and speaking very deeply with her. He

writing letter for his wife. Sir Robert Chiltern and Lady Chiltern decided to

marry and life together by loving and supporting each other. Marriage is a

commitment we will complement each and every deficiency is possessed by

the couple and also with the couple sir Robert Chiltern and his wife.

The nature of the person becomes one of the reasons to success in his

future. Everyone has his own way of getting goals in his life and making him a

successful person. The right way will bring true succeed, but the wrong way

can determine success that can also affect in the future. If the persons want to

be success in his life, he must have a purpose in life. Do to something to

 40

achieve his dream with hard worker and pray to God. Desire to be success

persons and has a lot of money are the dreams of every people.

SIR ROBERT CHILTERN. Every man of ambition has to fight

his century with its own weapons. What this century worships
is wealth. The God of this century is wealth. To succeed one
must have wealth. At all costs one must have wealth.(act 2
scene pg 32 )

Sir Robert Chiltern is someone who started his career from the

beginning. He attempt to achieve success in various ways. Ambition make

someone can do everything. When he was young, he is ambitious being a rich

man and successful person. He is doing everything to achieve his dream. Desire

in himself makes him has ambition as on sentences.” To succeed one must have

wealth” ambition makes the persons more enthusiasm than before.

Based on the above three point, we can know that Sir Robert Chiltern is

very admired by the readers because he is handsome, faithful and ambitious

man.

There are many occupations that choice by the persons in his life. The

part of people choice his occupation based on his desire, necessary or

background of education. The person’s who has responsibilities and also focus

concern his occupations, not only for money but also appreciate and do the best

for his occupations. Hero not only about saving the person from something but

also someone who always responsible to his occupation as Sir Robert Chiltern

who works in the political field in parliamentary has many responsibilities to

 41

solve all of the cases in his country. One of the cases is the case of the

Argentina canal company.

Sir Robert “We have all the information about it at the Foreign
Office. In fact, I sent out a special Commission to inquire into the
matter privately, and they report that the works are hardly begun,
and as for the money” (act 1 pg 19)

One of his duties was to find out about the case of Argentina canal

company. There are something wrong in this project about the scandals

financial. Sir Robert attempted to find out the causes. Sir Robert has found that

there are many scandals in his project. “I sent out a special Commission to

inquire into the matter privately” it means that Sir Robert attempt to solve the

problems with send special commission to research more information about

this project. And as the result they found that there are many peoples who

involved directly with the cases of exchange swindle in Argentina project. He

found evidence and will going to make the report to the commissioner at

tomorrow night.

The wealth getting from the efforts, the peoples attempt to get

everything with the various ways. There are the people who attempt victims the

others for his necessary. In the party, Sir Robert meet with Mrs Cheveley, she

is one of guests in the party. She tried to invite Sir Robert to cooperate with

her. She said that Sir Robert must give support to her in Argentina canal

project, because she is one of the investors in the project. She asked Sir Robert

to cancel the report about this project. If Sir Robert disagree, she threaten to tell

about the past secrets.

 42

Robert. Write that you decline to support this scheme of hers, as

you hold it to be a dishonest scheme. Yes - write the word
dishonest. She knows what hat word means.[SIR ROBERT
CHILTERN sits down and writes a letter. His wife takes it up and
reads it.] Have this letter sent at once to Claridge's Hotel.(act 1
pg 29).

Sir Robert disagrees to cooperate with Mrs Cheveley because it is the

wrong act and breaking principle. He still refused to cooperate but Mrs

Cheveley keeps threatening. Sir Robert asks to give a week to decide the

decision. He feels so worried and his wife know about the problem. His wife

asks Sir Robert to cancel the cooperated. Because the agreement is bad act, she

attempt to remember flashback to the past, she convince that his husband is a

person who responsibility and honest. Sir Robert realize that he can sell this

principal for something, Finally he decides to write the letter to Mrs Cheveley

that he refuses to support Mrs Cheveley in schema Canal project to save his

country from scandals financial project in Argentina canal company.

The woman in the world has the same right with the man. Same right it

means that can get a high education, attempt to aspiration and occupation with

his ability and etc. Sir Robert is one of the people who contributed in the

association of women's education. Sir Robert started to be an inspiration in the

community. He is greatly appreciated for he cares and strives for women's

rights. She wants women to have the same rights as men, the right to get the

same education and also to encourage women to defend themselves. In the

Woman Liberal Association, on duty to save women's rights from equality of

rights injustice.
 43

Robert, your name was received with loud applause, We have important
work to do than look at each other's, useful, delightful things, Factory
Acts, Female Inspectors, the Eight Hours' Bill, the Parliamentary
Franchise. Robert is a great champion of the Higher Education of
Women (act 1 pg 37)

On that women era are considered dont equal to men. Lower female

education makes men superior in every way. As in this drama, men’s are free to

speak any languages like the official language while in politics. And women

can only listen without being able to comment. “Robert, your name was

received with loud applause” in the woman association, Sir Robert get many

appreciate and respect from the member because his contributions, it means

that Sir Robert success become a figure who inspiration every women in here.

Sir Robert is the real hero, because he fights for women’s right because he

become figure who inspiration every women. He believed that the women also

has the same right with the man.

Sir Robert is person who is responsible for the occupation in

parliamentary, he saves the country from scandal project because he does not

support the canal project and he is one of the association of women rights

advocates. Based on the above three points, Sir Robert Chiltern is a hero.

Romantic is not just about giving a gift to someone we love but also in

another way by loving him sincerely. If you love somebody more than anything

and attempt to do something to his beloved for make him always happy beside

you in any situation. Love not only about how is you say i love you every day

but also with your action. Action can proof that how much you loved him,
 44

Romantic is one way to proof that you loved him with the actions. Lady

Chiltern a woman who is deeply loved by Robert Chiltern, he also really

admired his wife and will do everything for his wife. He always speaks very

softly to his wife.

SIR ROBERT CHILTERN. How beautiful you look to-night,

Gertrude! (act 1 pg 27)
SIR ROBERT CHILTERN: . I love her more than anything in the
world..( act 3 pg 59)

Sir Roberts love for his wife is very sincere, romantic is not only about

things but also a sincere sense of affection. Like Sir Robert Chiltern love to his

wife “How beautiful you look to-night.” This sentence can proof that he always

speaking deeply with his wife and always admire. He is very afraid if his wife

will leave him someday for Sir Robert his wife is more than anything in the

world.

Every people has weakness in his life. No one person’s who perfect in

the world. There are many people that consider must have partner in live that

perfect. Perfect not only about ideal but also how we love his partner with

sincerity and achieve all of weakness himself. Sir Robert has the secret in the

past and he admitted that he was doing mistakes. He tells the secret to his wife

and his friend and he starts to improve his life. After all the problems come in

their lives, Sir Robert starts to a better person. He tried to live his life right with

his wife. Lady children consider her the ideal husband in the world.

Lady Chiltern: …‘The world, as to myself, you have been an

ideal always. Oh! be that ideal still. Robert, men can love what
 45

is beneath them - things unworthy, stained, dishonoured. act 1

pg 28)

Being a hero is not just about defending the truth in society, but also how

he can admit every mistake and also fix it. Sir Robert is a husband who loves his

wife very much and he is an ideal because of his attitude change. For His wife,

Sir Robert is someone who ideal because he has good attitude, honor And Sir

Robert is a hero to his wife and as a figure that to an ideal husband for his

readers.

Sir Robert has a daughter named Mabel Chiltern. Mabel Chiltern has

relationship with someone whom she loved that is Lord Goring and He is a

friend of Sir Robert. They are good friends but there is one problem that makes

them misunderstand. Sir Robert feels in doubt and doesnot approve about their

relationship because he knows that Lord Goring has a special relationship with

Mrs Cheveley. Lord Goring to invite Mabel Chiltern to married with him and

rest of my life together.

SIR ROBERT CHILTERN. [Speaking with great firmness.] Arthur, I am

very sorry, but the thing is quite out of the question. I have to think of
Mabel's future happiness. And I don't think her happiness would be safe
in your hands. And I cannot have her sacrificed!(act 4 pg 82)

Sir Robert does not except if his daughters to have broken heart if she

stays with Lord goring. He desire Mabel to get future happiness. Lord Goring

tries to explain how the true stories, he tries to make sure sir Robert that there

is no special relationship between he and Mrs Cheveley. That is the past story

and now, Mabel Chiltern is his future. Lady Chiltern tries to convince Sir
 46

Robert to approve their relationship and finally he approve their relationship

and then Lord Goring and Mabel Chiltern decide to get married.

Sir Robert is a person who loves his wife, and also he is an ideal

husband, he is an ideal brother because he really care about daughter’s life in

his country. Based on the three points, we can state that he plays ideal role in

the story.

The peoples has a different dream in life, they are used various way to

achieve his dreams. Ambition makes the people do anything and like that with

Sir Robert. When Sir Robert's past was known by Mrs Cheveley, he felt very

anxious. Mrs Cheveley always threat will says the past of secret of Sir Robert if

he does not cooperate with her. He decided to meet Lord goring and ask advice

from Lord Goring. Finally Sir Robert tells all the truth about himself and tells

the truth about his past and how he can become rich as on this time.

When I was going away he said to me that if I ever could give

him any private information of real value he would make me a
very rich man. I was dazed at the prospect he held out to me,
and my ambition and my desire for power were at that time
boundless..(act 2 pg 33)

When Sir Robert was 20 years old, he started a new career and he is a

man who has not everything and he is also poor at that time he had nothing in

his life. He has dream become a rich man and success. Poverty made him

struggle and at that time he was invited to cooperate with a famous person

named Baron and eventually they collaborated on a dark business scandal in

politics.
 47

The person who has moral value in himself are one the various of good

leader. Moral value related with the attitude in environment or in his

occupation. As the action to determine the decisions with honor and without

take advantages for himself. Moral values can also be a good example of a

leader or an official in a country. Starting from the attitude, the way he speaks,

every action he take a lot of consideration. We know that Sir Robert has the

occupation as politician the house of Common.

You should read this article, 'Sir Robert Chiltern. most rising of
our young statesmen, Brilliant orator, Unblemished career,
Wellknown integrity of character, Represents what is best in
English public life “LORD GORING. Certainly, father! And
Chiltern's been wise enough to accept the seat in the Cabinet.(act
4 pg 84).

When Sir Robert do speech of in House of Commons, he get many

appreciate in their people. All the evidence was obtained when his name

became a trending topic in the news paper because his speech was about the

scandal of Argentina Canal Project and he had rejection to support this project.

The speech of Sir Robert get many applause and Lord Goring’s father has been

recommended him to get a seat in the cabinet because of the contribute Sir

Robert for the country.

Improve our self from the mistakes in one way to be better person.

There are many various way to introspection our self as admit mistakes in the

past with way a continue living the right way, or decide what is right for his
 48

life. There is problem that makes the relationship between Sir Robert and Lady

Chiltern become distant but After all of the problem about the secret of past life

has been result all that happen makes Sir Robert decided to decline in his career

from politics and attempt to start a new life with his wife.

although every proof against me is destroyed, I suppose,

Gertrude… I suppose I should retire from public life? [He
looks anxiously at his wife.] And you would be happy living
somewhere alone with me, abroad perhaps, or in the country
away from London, away from public life?(Act 4 pg78)

On the sentence “I suppose I should retire from public life?” Sir Robert

attempt to describe that he will improve himself in a way resign in House of

Commons. He has planning to leave his career and start a new life away from

public life. He had determined all the decisions and his wife also approved the

decision. Everyone disagrees if he's retired from politics. And after thinking

and getting approval by his wife, finally Sir Robert decided to remain in the

political world and become part of the parliament in the House.

There are three points that is honest about the past life and has moral

value in his character. Attempt to improve his mistakes with self introspection

Based on the above three points, we could know that Sir Robert has Follow

rules and value in society because he attempts to be better person and a good

character in the story.

 49

Sir Robert Chiltern has characters who admired by the readers, he is

hero, he does ideal role, he also follow rules and value in society. Based on the

above analysis, the writer concluded that Sir Robert Chiltern is the protagonist.

4.2 The development personality of Sir Robert Chiltern

Young adults are not seen from ages or the appearance. Adult means

that ready to start a new life with new person in life. The person who became a

place to shared all feelings sad, happy, disappointed etc. Love is the feelings

that unites two people and forms a new relationship to the more serious. The

relationship as a proof that they are already at stages that more serious. That is

the stage of to know the partner and also understand about the character of the

marriage couple. Marriage is a commitment that two people make to spend the

rest of their lives with their partner. As in an ideal husband drama, one of the

characters is Sir Robert chiltern in the story he is a man who has been married

to a woman who named Lady Getrude Chiltern.

 50

MRS CHEVELEY. Do you know, I am quite looking forward to meeting

your clever husband, Lady Chiltern. Since he has been at the Foreign
Office, he has been so much talked of in Vienna. They actually succeed in
spelling his name right in the newspapers.(act 1 pg 9)

Sir Robert Chiltern is the politician of the House of Commons. He

and his wife Lady Gertrude Chiltern have a party at home, in the presence

of all the guests and one of them is Mrs. Cheveley. Mrs. Cheveley and

Lady Chiltern are school friends but Mrs Cheveley forgot about her. Their

conversation began with Mrs. Cheveley who greatly admired the husband

of Lady Chiltern “I am quite looking forward to meeting your clever

husband, Lady Chiltern”. This sentence can explain that Sir Robert is

Lady Chiltern husband’s.

Adults are the stage where a person can decide what is best for his

future. The person who thinking before action, good appearance and also

takes a decision in life more careful that is the characteristic the person

who has been adult.

[SIR ROBERT CHILTERN enters. A man of forty,

but looking somewhat younger. Clean-shaven, with
finely-cut features, dark-haired and dark-eyed.(act
1 scene 2)

In the story of an ideal husband in the introduction of a man named

Sir Robert Chiltern "[SIR ROBERT CHILTERN enters. A man of forty, "in

the quotation explains that sir Robert is 40 years old. His appearance was

very show that he is a grown man who still looks young because of a very
 51

neat appearance. In one stage of personal development it is explained that

Sir Robert Chiltern is in the Stage of intimacy because he is 40 years old

and also adult.

Personality development is the stage where a person shapes their

characters. There are many problems and the actions that do to resolve the

problems are the stage of development personality in their life. The

formation of new characters, attitudes and nature is one of the traits that

they succeed through the stages of personality development was

successfully. In An Ideal Husband drama, Sir Robert is a man who has

commitment with someone and makes him a very romantic because he

always talks very deeply with his wife.

SIR ROBERT CHILTERN. How beautiful you look to-night,

Gertrude!(act 1 pg 27)

Sir Robert Chiltern always spoke softly to his wife, the act was

proven when he met his wife and always praised the appearance of his

wife. "How beautiful you look to-night, Gertrude!" That means he always

talks softly to his wife, always try to make his wife feel happy with him.

Speaking gently to a partner is one of the stages of intimacy in personal

development, where one tries to make the person he loves to be happy.

Intimacy is a stage in the development of personality, the stage

where a person performs "abilities" by has commitment with someone “

married” , becoming an adult and also speak very deeply with his partner.
 52

All of the problems an experienced by Sir Robert at that time that

came from his meeting with a guest named Mrs. Cheveley. The lady knew

all the secrets of Sir Robert's past and she tried to work together in a

project of Argentina Canal Project. Sir Robert does not agree with the

cooperation because there are many scandals and corruption in the project.

But Mrs. Cheveley continues to force her to join the partnership and try to

threaten him.

MRS. CHEVELEY. Sir Robert, I will be quite frank with you. I

want you to withdraw the report that you had intended to lay
before the House, on the ground that you have reasons to believe
that the Commissioners have been prejudiced or misinformed, or
something.(act 1pg 20)

Mrs. Cheveley attempt to invite Sir Robert to compromise in

project of the Argentina canal project, but Sir Robert refuses because it is

an adverse case and many problems. Sir Robert attempt to explain to Mrs.

Cheveley to think again and not invested from the project but Mrs.

cheveley refused. Mrs. Cheveley threatened to dismantle all of Sir Robert's

hidden secrets, if they did not participate in the compromise. Sir Robert is

in a stage of personality development where he experiences isolation in

himself, he does not want his past secrets will disturb the happiness life

and the situation make he decides to approve the cooperation to support

Argentina canal project.

Everyone has a reason why he does something, someone thinks

before making a decision and some are making decisions in a hurry. For
 53

some people Love is the reason why people always make mistakes to

cover up previous mistakes. But for some people who can understand the

true meaning of love is honesty. Every mistake must have a cause and a

solution. The impact caused by a mistake may damage a relationship. Sir

Robert who loves his wife is always afraid of losing love from his wife if

the secrets of his past are revealed.

SIR ROBERT CHILTERN. Arthur, I couldn't tell my wife. When

could I have told her? Not last night. It would have made a life-
long separation between us, and I would have lost the love of
the one woman in the world .(act 1 pg 30)

Love can change everything that can even make a person

frustrated. When Sir Robert meets his friend named lord goring at his

home, he tells about a compromise between him and mrs cheveley. He felt

very anxious when his wife was suspicious of Sir Robert's behavior. He

also explains all the secrets of the past and also about compromise that he

was forced to agree. Lord Goring advised him to be honest with his wife,

but he was afraid that if all the truth was revealed he would lose his wife.

The fear that makes him became pessimist.

The fear of losing someone allows one to do anything to keep their

relationship, including hiding something from their partner. They take that

decision because the fear within themselves is greater than trust. They

forget that being honest will make the problem clearer and can be solved

together. Sir Robert decided not to say what was going on to make his

wife not worry.

 54

SIR ROBERT CHILTERN. [Sitting down.] Gertrude, truth is

a very complex thing, and politics is a very complex business.
SIR ROBERT CHILTERN. Gertrude, there is nothing in my
past life that you might not know. (act 1 pg 29).

When Lady Chiltern asking to Sir Robert about the compromise

between he and Mrs Cheveley, he attempts to hide all of the truth from his

wife. He attempts to explain that there is not something wrong between his

cooperate with Mrs Cheveyes, it is pure business. Lady Chiltern feel so

worry about the cooperate but Sir Robert convince that everything is okay

and don’t worry about it because that is only business cooperate no more.

Sir Robert attempts to hide everything from his wife. He is very afraid if

someday when his wife knows about his secret past, she will leave him

and go away from his life.

Love is present between two people who have the same feelings.

Love is the desire, the feeling, the sincerity and also the actions that make

a person that can do anything to keep their love. Many people have

different ways of maintaining their relationship, there are people who try

to look perfect to be admired partner. Some are also trying to lie to save

their relationship and they call it the struggle of love. The struggle that

begins with lies to will produce problems in the future and cause conflicts

that can be bad for relationships. When the past made a relationship

unharmonious, Sir Robert began to be nature so differently and the Lady

Chiltern sensed that her husband has been changed.

 55

LADY CHILTERN. Compromise? Robert, why do you talk so

differently to-night from the way I have always heard you talk?
Why are you changed?
SIR ROBERT CHILTERN. I am not changed. But circumstances
alter things.(act 1 pg 28).

Lady Chiltern began to realize the changes that exist in her

husband, Lady Chiltern attempt to find out why her husband changed but

her husband remained at his stance. Sir Robert who loves his wife turns

into a very emotional, fear of loss that makes him hide his mistakes and

unconsciously the attitude that in his show changed and made his wife

suspicious.

Sir Robert also experienced isolation in the stage of personality

development, when all his the past secret is known by others so decided

to compromise, fear of losing his wife and when he tries to hide his

mistakes, and also the changed attitude indicates that he experienced

isolation because of fear of excessive loss in him.

When we have problems in life or the past that is always annoying,

honesty is one way to make our feelings become more calm although

sometimes honesty can lead to a new problem that can make a person's

life even worse. But by telling the truth someone can start a new stage for

a better life. The past makes one afraid to of the truth because the past is

considered a disgrace that will destroy the future. But attempt to tell the

truth and share the problems make a person can find solutions to mistakes
 56

in the past. Sir Robert has secrets related with the past that makes him

have problems at this time.

SIR ROBERT CHILTERN. When I was going away he said to

me that if I ever could give him any private information of real
value he would make me a very rich man.(act 2 pg 33)

Sir Robert has a secret in the past that makes him run into trouble

right now, he's trying to find a solution to his problem. He tried to be

honest with his best friend, Lord Goring, that he had sold secret

information. Sir Robert was a poor man of the past, but after his agreement

with someone by selling the cabinet secrets that made him rich and have

everything at the moment. He said all the secrets of the past because he

believed in his best friend.

Loving is the feeling that two people are committed together, love

is honesty and trust is the reason they are committed. If trust no longer

exists then love will turn into a feeling that makes a person become

changed disappointed. If there is a mistake in the past that makes the

relationship will be broken then honesty is one way to fix it. Every person

is not born perfect because people have shortcomings. Sir Robert's past

became the reason for his relationship with his wife, because he hid the

secrets of the past that made Lady Chiltern disappointed.

SIR ROBERT CHILTERN. What this woman said is quite true. But,
Gertrude, listen to me. You don't realise how I was tempted.
Let me tell you the whole thing. [Goes towards her.](act 2
pg 49)

Mrs. Cheveley meet with Lady Chiltern at her home for a cup of

coffee, she shared all of Sir Robert's secrets to Lady Chiltern. Lady
 57

Chiltern does not believe that her husband hid his past secrets from her. Sir

Robert came and attempt to explains all the events. He attempt to tell of

the truths to his wife but his wife refused to hear the story because he was

very disappointed. Intimacy is the stage where the person attempt to builds

the relationship with a partner through honesty, Sir Robert attempt to tell

all his past truths to his wife.

There are many people who decide to marry after thinking of all

the risks, creating a new relationship that has a commitment between two

people who love each other. Marriage is a relationship with the various

commitments in it. Not only love and love but also accept every

advantages and disadvantages of the couple. Marriage is a lifelong

commitment it takes a lot of time to try to recognize and accept the attitude

and nature of the couple. Happiness begins with mutual acceptance and

trust, trust is the foundation of a true relationship. Sir Robert is a man who

certainly has weakness and he attempt to explains it to his wife.

SIR ROBERT CHILTERN. …Why can't you women love us,

faults and all? We have all feet of clay, women as well as men;
but when we men love women, we love them knowing their
weaknesses, their follies, their imperfections, love them all the
more, it may be, for that reason.(act 2 pg 50)

Lady Chiltern did not want to hear anything that Sir Robert said.

Sir Robert still explained all things to his wife. He admits that he is a man

who is not perfect and has errors. He tried to make his wife forgive her. Sir

Robert loves his wife by accepting what it is like in the quote "we love

them knowing their weaknesses,". Sir Robert tries to explain that love is
 58

accepting all of the weakness in the couples, love is sincerity not battle. Sir

Robert is in the stage of personal development by trying to keep loving a

partner with every flaw and also improve himself for the sake of the

person he loves.

Sir Robert attempts to honesty is one of the stages of personality

development when he is committed to someone he loves, intimacy is in

personality development in Sir Robert self who attempt to repair all of the

mistakes in the past by telling the truth to his wife.

Everyone has a past that makes him grow older or make a bad

impact for the future. The best way to run the right relationship is to be

honest and to admit mistakes in the past and start a new life with honesty.

Relationships will become strong if two people trust and love each other.

But if the relationship on the ground with lies then the relationship will

never be happy. Sir Robert attempt to start a new life with his wife and

improve himself from the past, he sacrifices his career for a happy life

SIR ROBERT CHILTERN. And you would be happy living

somewhere alone with me, abroad perhaps, or in the country
away from London, away from public life? You would have no
regrets?
LADY CHILTERN. Oh! none, Robert (act 4 pg78)

When the secrets of the past became a problem in Sir Robert

Chiltern's relationship with his wife, he tried to finish all of them and

restore the relationship as it used to be. His wife forgave him and took it

back. He tried to improve himself by living a new life with his wife. He
 59

decides to retire from the political world that has made him famous as it

is now. He sacrificed his career for a happier life than it is today. He tried

to convince his wife to start a new life with him.

Ambition makes someone into someone else, those who have

ambitions in life willing to sacrifice anything to achieve goals in life.

Many people think ambition is an ideal, but two things are different.

Whatever you want to achieve in the right way is the ideal but sometimes

the ambition to make someone take the wrong decision. In life, having

ambition is not bad because it can be a motivation to keep trying to get

what we want. In a relationship, sometimes the ambition makes a person

change for the sake of the person he loves. Lady Chiltern has an ambition

to her husband that she must remain the ideal husband who has no faults

and is perfect.

SIR ROBERT CHILTERN. [Sadly.] And your ambition for me? You
used to be ambitious for me.
LADY CHILTERN. Oh, my ambition! I have none now, but that we
two may love each other. It was your ambition that led you astray.(act 4
pg 78)

Lady Chiltern realized that her ambition made her husband so

uncomfortable. Lady chiltern recognizes that loving is accepting and

complementing each other. "Oh, my ambition! I have none now, but that

we may love each other. "The quote proves that he has already realized the

mistakes made to her husband.

The stage of personality development in Sir Robert's natural as he

attempt to improve his life and go on living and start with his wife without
 60

lies and also ambition there is only mutual acceptance to each other as in

the stage of intimacy.

There are many people who become admirers for their idol like

artist, singer, writer, actor etc. They admire their idols because their idols

are famous people or achievements they have. But there is also a secret

admirer for someone he loves like a spouse, a lover, a parent or a friend. Sir

Robert is someone who loves his wife and deeply admires his wife.

LORD GORING. Is Lady Chiltern as perfect as all

that?
SIR ROBERT CHILTERN. Yes; my wife is as
perfect as all that. (act 2 pg 30)

Sir Robert considers his wife is everything. He loves his wife and

becomes a true admirer for his wife. The attitude was visible when sir

Robert met with lord goring and he said "Yes; My wife is as perfect as all

that. "The sentence is the expression of Robert's heart for his wife Lady

Chiltern. The woman who became his wife and also his true love.

Loving someone can change everything in life, many people who

think to live alone without anyone there is also a person who decided to

share everything with someone who he made a life partner in a marriage

relationship. Ideal is a word that has many meanings in it. A person who

can accept any weakness and also attempt together to build a whole

relationship, makes human beings a better person than before and also
 61

better for the future. Relationships that begin with trust and honesty are not

just about perfection.

SIR ROBERT CHILTERN. [Taking her hand.] Gertrude, is it love

you feel for me, or is it pity merely?
LADY CHILTERN. [Kisses him.] It is love, Robert. Love, and only
love. For both of us a new life is beginning.(act 4 pg 85)

After all of the problems and secrets of the past have been

completed, every incident makes Sir Robert become more mature in

attitude. The fear of loss that keeps him isolated turns into courage that

makes him a better man for the future. Every personality development in Sir

Robert makes him a different man from the past and also an honest man.

Intimacy is the stages where the person had been successful found a

true love in his life and improve himself and the attitude that makes he better

than the past. In the plays, Robert characters are through the process of the

development personality. There are 8 stages in development of personality

and Robert are in the 6 stages that is intimacy vs isolation where he must

choice honesty or his reputation to decide his future. In the last, he tell about

his bad past and attempt honesty with his wife that he is man who has

weakness and not perfect. Finally, his wife forgiving Sir Robert and they are

promise to start a new life with love and accept all of weakness his partners.

He has been success in stage intimacy because he solving the problems in his

life about bad secret of the past and has relationship goals with Lady

Chiltern.
 CHAPTER V

CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION

5.1 Conclusion

In An Ideal Husband plays, Robert Chiltern is one of the characters

in the play. Robert Chiltern is a man who is protagonist in the story. There

are many natures and attitudes in himself that reflects him protagonist. He

is very faithful to his wife and he is ambitious. Ambition makes him

succeed in achieving his dreams. Sir Robert is a politician in House of

Commons, he is a man who is responsible for his occupation because he

can resolve the problem and find the solution that will report to the

commissioner. One of the problems about Argentina Canal Project, the

cases is very complicated and there are many people who are involved in

the scandal. He has the secret past that is very bad and makes him be in the

problems. There is a woman named Mrs Cheveley that know about his

secret and attempt to threaten by inviting him to cooperation and support

this project. After he thinking he decide to refuse the cooperated and he

saved his country from scandal. He also became an idol because he is ideal

husband and also ideal brother. He attempts to improve himself and

became a man who is better than before. It make him became a

protagonist.

62
 63

Every person in the world is not perfect, they has the stages

personality of development in himself. It makes the person to be better for

the future and learn from the mistakes. In the story, Sir Robert has a time

when he must determine the best attitude for his future. The secrets of past

that he was attempts to hide was finally known by his wife. The secret of

the past that make in big trouble that will make his career and also the

marriage relationship were destroyed. He is a man who has a very good

career, he is known as a man who has principles. For his wife, he is an

honest and ideal man. It's all that makes her afraid of telling the truth about

her past. He thinks if all the truth is revealed, then he is a very unfortunate

man. He experiences step isolation in his life, when he has to choose

between honesty or destruction in the relationships, he became different

figure for his wife. It is all because of the fear and pressure in himself. But

finally he realized that honesty is very important. A relationship must be

based on honesty. He is attempts to be an honest man for his wife and told

her all about his past. His wife is very disappointed with Sir Robert but he

attempt to forgive. Robert attempts to explain his wife that no man is

perfect in the world. He must accept her husband with all the weakness

and that belongs to Sir Robert who always loves him sincerely. After he

experienced isolation in his life finally he succeeded in the Intimacy stage,

He attempts to improve his mistakes with to be an honest and responsible

man. His relationships already saved, now he is the real ideal man and has

true love in his life. In the personality stages, he was success in the stages
 64

Intimacy versus Isolation of the personality development stages in himself.

He became intimacy because after all of the problems in his life, make he

is a man who is better person for his future and has a relationship goal.

5.2 Suggestions

There are many life lessons in this story, one of which is how we

become the ideal human being. Ideal is not perfect, but the ideal is a man

who can maintain honesty in himself, can be a good and responsible

person for partner life, family or environment. The ideal is how we receive

and love sincerely because no one person is perfect in the world.

The writer hopes for the reader to be able to learn how to

happiness live because an honesty and we can learn all that through a

literary work called an ideal husband in the thesis.

The writer also hopes to the next writers who will analyze the same

title that is An Ideal Husband by Oscar Wilde to be better, more detail and

also to know more this plays not only for the thesis analyze but also for the

lesson life.
 BIBLIOGRAPHY

Feist, J.Gregory. (2009). Theorist of Personality(7th ed). United state of Amerika:

The McGraw-Hill Companies.

Guerin, Wilferd L.(2005). A handbook of critical approaches to literature(5th ed).

New York: oxford university press.

James, William. (1890). The principles of psychology. http://www.Abika.com

Mcleod, Saul. (2008). Erik Erikson’s psychosocial stages of development. In

Simply

Psychology :2013. https://www.simplypsycholohy.org

Nurgiyantoro, Burhan. (2002). Teori Pengkajian Fiksi. Yogyakarta: Gadjah Mada

University Press.

Price, David. (1997)An Ideal Husband, by Oscar Wilde : [email protected]

Routledge.(Ed.). (1999,2004). An introduction to literary studies(2nd ed). English:

Mario Klarer.

Wellek, Rene.,&Warren, Austin. (1948). Theory of literature. New York :

Harcourt, Brace snd company.

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 APPENDIX

Personal Information

Name : Rantika

Date of birth : Tangerang, 17 august 1993

Religion : Islam

Address : Kp. Pasir Awi, Pasar Kemis-Tangerang

15560

State : Indonesia

Gender : Female

Work : Pt Victory Chingluh Indonesia

Departement Bottoms Injection of Ip-shift

Blood of Group : O

Parents : Rahmat

Alfiah

E-mail : [email protected]

Formal Education

2007-2010 : SMAN 13 KABUPATEN TANGERANG

2013-2017 : STBA TECHNOCRAT – English Literature

66
 Summary of An Ideal Husband

An ideal husband play’s is dramatic comedy by Oscar Wilde on 1985. The

story tells about the person named Robert Chiltern and how is the real meaning of

ideal.

Sir Robert is Politician on House of Commons and has a wife that named

Lady Gertrude Chiltern. Sir Robert has a good career in his country. He is

handsome man, high principal and also ideal husband for his wife.

On that time, Sir Robert meet with one of guest in the party at his home

that named Mrs. Cheveley. She know that Sir Robert is handling the cases of

Argentina Canal Company. She invite Sir Robert to support this project, but Sir

Robert refuse it because there are many scandals in the project. She is really angry

with Robert and attempt to threaten Sir Robert. She knows that Sir Robert has a

secret bad past no one knows about the secret. The bad secret is how he has

everything when he was young, and Sir Robert feels so worries if someday his

wife knows about the truth. His wife always think that Robert is ideal man but in

fact he only the person who has the weakness in him self. Finally, his wife knows

about Roberts past, he feel lose his wife after know about the truth. Lady Chiltern

attempt to give forgive and accept his husband.

In the last, Sir Robert Chiltern was found a true love that is Lady Chiltern.

They are attempt to start a new life with happiness, he also improve himself to be

better person.

67