Explanation Text

Explanation Text
What is Explanation?
1. Definition and purposes of Explanation
Explanation is a text which tells processes relating to forming of natural, social, scientific and
cultural phenomena. Explanation text is to say 'why' and 'how' of the forming of the
phenomena. It is often found in science, geography and history text books.
2. Generic structure of Explanation
 General statement; stating the phenomenon issues which are to be explained.
 Sequenced explanation; stating a series of steps which explain the phenomena.
3. Language Feature
 Featuring generic participant; sun, rain, etc
 Using chronological connection; to begin with, next, etc
 Using passive voice pattern
 Using simple present tense
4. Examples and structures of the text
Making Paper from Woodchips
A general Woodchipping is a process used to obtain pulp and paper
statement products from forest trees.
The woodchipping process begins when the trees are cut
down in a selected area of the forest called a coupe.
A sequenced Next the tops and branches of the trees are cut out and then
explanation of the logs are taken to the mill.
why or how At the mill the bark of the logs is removed and the logs are
something taken to a chipper which cuts them into small pieces called
occurs woodchips.
The woodchips are then screened to remove dirt and other
impurities.
At this stage they are either exported in this form or changed
into pulp by chemicals and heat.
The pulp is then bleached and the water content is removed.
Closing Finally the pulp is rolled out to make paper.
Example of Explanation Text

A. Tsunami
The term of “tsunami” comes from the Japanese which means harbour ("tsu") and
wave ("nami"). A tsunamigk is a series of waves generated when water in a lake or the
sea is rapidly displaced on a massive scale.
A tsunami can be generated when the sea floor abruptly deforms and vertically
displaces the overlying water. Such large vertical movements of the earth's crust can
occur at plate boundaries.
Subduction of earthquakes are particularly effective in generating tsunamis, and
occur where denser oceanic plates slip under continental plates.
As the displaced water mass moves under the
Small Notes influence of gravity to regain its equilibrium, it
Explanation Text
radiates across the ocean like ripples on a pond.
Tsunami always bring great damage. Most of the
Ciri Umum:
damage is caused by the huge mass of water behind
Tujuan Komunikatif Teks:
the initial wave front, as the height of the sea keeps
 Menerangkan proses-proses yang
terjadi dalam pembentukan atau
rising fast and floods powerfully into the coastal area.
(simplified from www.panda.org)
kegiatan yang terkait dengan
fenomena alam, dunia ilmiah, sosial- B. How Day and Night Happen
budaya, atau lainnya yang bertujuan The sun seems to rise in the morning, crosses
menjelaskan.
the sky during the day and sets at night. However the
Struktur Teks/Generic structure
sun does not actually move around the earth. Earth's
 A general statement; Penjelasan umum
turning on its axis makes it look as if the sun is moves.
 A sequenced explanation of why or The earth makes a complete turn on its axis for
how something occurs; Penjelasan
proses
24 hours. It is called as rotation. It causes day and
night. The earth also moves around the sun. It takes
 Penutup.
365 days or a year. This process is called revolution.
Ciri Kebahasaan:
The revolution process causes the changes of the
Menggunakan;
season
 general dan abstract nouns, misalnya
word chopping, earthquakes;
 action verbs; C. Why Summer Daylight is Longger than Winter
 simple present tense; Daylight
 passive voice; In the summer, the amount of daylight that we
 conjunctions of time dan cause;
get is more than we get in winter. This is not because
as much people think we are closer to the sun but
 noun phrase, misalnya the large cloud;
because of the tilt of the earth.
 abstract nouns, misalnya the
temperature; The earth is actually closer to the sun in winter
 adverbial phrases;
than it is in summer but you would be forgiven for
thinking that this can not be true after looking out of
 complex sentences;
your window on a cold and frosty morning.
 bahasa teksni;
It seems strange that as the earth get closer to
 kalimat pasif
the sun during its orbit then the amount of daylight
that we get decrease. But that is the case. It is the tilt
of the earth that determine the amount of daylight that we get and so the length of time
that for us the sun is above the horizon.
(Taken from: www.ictteachers.co.uk)
Generic Structure Analysis
General statement; stating the phenomenon whic daylight in summer is longer
than in winter.
Explanation; it is the tilt of the earth that determines the amount of daylight not
the distance of the earth from the sun.
Language Feature Analysis
Focusing generic participant; daylight.
Using chronological connection; then, so, but.
Using pasive voice; you would be forgiven.
Using present tense; the earth is actually closer to the sun.
Struktur Explanation Text Bahasa Inggris
General Statement => bagian ini menjelaskan hal-hal umum yang berkaitan dengan topik yang kita
bahas, seperti contoh perkenalan atau arti dari topik yang kita bahas. Misalnya topik kita tentang
gunung meletus, maka kita akan menjelaskan apa itu gunung meletus, di daerah mana saja sering
terjadi gunung meletus, pokoknya hal-hal umum tentang topik tersebut.
Squenced of Explanation => bagian ini menjelaskan mengapa atau apa saja yang menyebabkan hal
itu bisa terjadi. Contohnya jika sedang membahas gunung meletus, maka yang Anda tulis pada
squenced of explanation ini adalah apa atau mengapa gunung meletus bisa terjadi ? apa
penyebabnya ?
Closing => Sebenarnya bagian closing ini tidak ada pada struktur explanation text. Tetapi akhir-akhir
ini orang sering beranggapan akhir atau closing dari explanation text itu terletak pada kalimat akhir.
Padahal kalimat akhir itu sudah termasuk pada bagian squenced of explanation.

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