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Thirukkural
5IJSVLLVSBM"SBCJD5SBOTMBUJPO
Chief Translator
ƌ͘͘:ĂŚŝƌ,ƵƐĂŝŶ
ĞƉƚ͘ŽĨƌĂďŝĐ͕hŶŝǀĞƌƐŝƚLJŽĨDĂĚƌĂƐ
Translators
T. Ansaruddin
A. Abdul Hai
Published with Financial Assistance from the Tamil Development, Govt. of Tamilnadu vide
sanction letter dated
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ÀƒŪš °Ƃ¦¯ °ÂřƂ®ƃ¦ :ŗƆŞ°řƃ¦ ²ƒő°
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ÅŕƊŮś ŕƊÃÉ±É ŬÉ Å±ŮË Ŷŗ·ƈ : Ŷŗ·ƈƅ§
.ïŕ»Ɗ ¿Ɣ» ƈໜ řƔƛà ř»ƈûƄ»ţ řƔƆƔƈŕśƅ§ ªŕŬ§±¯Ɔƅ Ɠƅïƅ§ ¯ƎŸƈƅ§ : ±ŮŕƊƆƅ ½ÃƂţƅ§
ïŕƊ ¿Ɣƈŕś řƔƛà řƈÃƄţ řƔƆƔƈŕśƅ§ řżƆƅ§ ±Ɣ÷śƅ ©±§¯ƙ§ Áƈ Ɠƅŕƈƅ§ ÁÃŕŸśƅŕŗ ª±ŮƊ
MESSAGE
Hon’ble Chief Minister of Tamilnadu
ŗőƈƌřƃ¦ ŗƆƄƂ
®œƈ ¾ƒƆœř ŗƒƙ ŗƆÂƂšƃ ¦°±Âƃ¦ ŗŪƒő° ŗƆœŤŽƃ
திற
Thirukkural
தலா பதி
Part I
அற
பா
VIRTUE
§ÚdÏ\s 2
in happiness.
life.
2. வா
சிற -
- Excellence of Rain
வாநி(6) உலக
வழ2கி வ)தலா 11
தாஅமி%த
எ6ணர பா6.
$.
? 1 @8
.;
0A 7 B
As the unfailing rain supports the world, it is considered a heavenly food.
distress.
ெக$3ப8உ
ெக,டா(: சாவா.ம றா2ேக 15
எ$3ப8உ
எலா
மைழ.
F, & >
, $
!) * 39
It is the rain that ruins people. It is also the rain that lifts the ruined people.
§ÚdÏ\s 5
வி;
பி 0ளி<ழி அலாம றா2ேக 16
ப;
+ தைலகா&+ அாி0.
$4 ! :!9
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There will not be any vegetation on this earth if there is no rain.
ெந$2கட=
தநீைம 6
த!"ெதழி> 17
தாநகா தாகி வி!.
)
5-.!
.: 9 4 D! :
;
Even the vast ocean on this earth will shrink in its nature if there is no rain.
தான
தவ
இர&$
த2கா வியஉலக
19
வான
வழ2கா ெதனி.
:# 0H. =2 ! ).
.(! ? >* 12 : H. 3
There will be neither generosity nor penance in the world, if it fails to rain.
moral books.
dead.
உரென9
ேதா,!யா ஓைர"0
கா3பா 24
வரென9
ைவ3பிேகா வி0.
-
,# !
.
#M
,+ -2
He who controls all his five senses by wisdom is a seed of heavenly bliss.
five senses.
§ÚdÏ\s 7
ணெம9
ேறறி நிறா ெவளி 29
கணேம*
காத அாி0.
0 $I (- . 3
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One cannot endure the anger of good men though it is momentary.
4. அற வத
-
! "
- Insistence on Virtue
சிற3+ஈ9
ெசவ
ஈ9
அறதிGஉ2() 31
ஆ(க
எவேனா உயி(.
F
7 (' @ J 0
J 0 79 ;
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Virtue gives fame and prosperity. There is no greater gain than this.
அறதிGஉ2() ஆ(க
இைல அதைன 32
மறத> ஊ2கிைல ேக$.
( 0% 79 ;
@ 1; * ,
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There is no greater gain than virtue. Forgetting the same brings ruin.
ஒ=
வைகயா அறவிைன ஓவாேத 33
ெச=
வா. எலாH ெசய.
( 0% ).!.
I
!$% -.! : 7
One should always perform righteous deeds in all possible ways and at all possible
places.
அறறிவா
எனா(0) அறHெச.க மற0 36
ெபா62கா ெபாறா 0ைண.
F
0% "+
0%9 1" 0-. 3
.".3 %
One should not postpone doing good which is an indestructible support at the hour of
death.
deeds.
ெசயபால ேதா)
அறேன ஒ)வ 40
உயபால ேதா)
பழி.
* 1! C.!
. * . 1! C.!
One must do only acts of virtue and always avoid doing evil deeds.
§ÚdÏ\s 10
0ற"தா(
0Fவா தவ(
இற"தா(
42
இவா%வா எபா 0ைண.
- *A &% C * <(--
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The family man is a support to the ascetics, the needy and the deserted.
ெத+லதா ெத.வ
வி)"ெதா(க தாெனறா2() 43
ஐ
+லதா(6) ஓ
ப தைல.
M C- / 1) / *
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.$I- , 19 " D
Forefathers, god, himself, relatives and guests are the prime concerns of a family man.
பழியHசி3 பா8& உைடதாயி வா%(ைக 44
வழிெயHச எHஞா6
இ.
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9 . 0;. =2 12 >+ ;9 7
If the family men avoid evils and share food with others, their descendants will ever
prosper.
அ+
அற9
உைடதாயி இவா%(ைக 45
ப&+
பய9
அ0.
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There will be grace and gift if family life is rooted in love and virtue.
§ÚdÏ\s 11
அறதாறி இ
வா
ைக ஆறி றதாறி 46
ேபாஒ ெபவ ெதவ
.
(4 . 12 ; C) !
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When a person leads a virtuous domestic life, he need not aspire for ascetic life.
state.
husband.
ெத.வ
ெதாழாஅ ெகாந ெதாெதவா 55
ெப.ெயன3 ெப.*
மைழ.
$ :'-.! $ A :%)9 $
. .
!/)9 $ :I ! ). &. ( :8
-2
Even if a wife does not worship god, but worships her husband, it will rain at her
command.
§ÚdÏ\s 13
is an ideal wife.
சிைறகா(
கா3ெபவ ெச.*
மகளி 57
நிைறகா(
கா3ேப தைல.
$.
12 $ !.
9 ,H. 3
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Nothing else can guard women's purity except their own will.
ம2கல
எப மைனமா,சி ம6அத 60
நகல
நம(க, ேப6.
(
9 C=#9 !
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ٕ
A good wife is a blessing to the family and good children are precious jewels.
§ÚdÏ\s 14
எபிற3+
தீயைவ தீ&டா பழிபிற2கா3 62
ப&+ைட ம(க, ெபறி.
( 9 19 3 D 9 K
.(
! 9 12 &.
=2
In all the seven births, no evil will affect a person who has virtuous children.
த
ெபா) எபத
ம(க அவெபா) 63
த
த
விைனயா வ)
.
7 *39 , 0I
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Children are parents' real wealth. The worth of good children is the result of parents'
own deeds.
அமி%தி9
ஆற இனிேதத
ம(க 64
சி6ைக அளாவிய B%.
)
8 3 /9 .%9
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Food messed up by the little hands of one's children is sweeter than the divine
nectar.
enchanting.
த"ைத மககா6
நறி அைவய0 67
"தி இ)3ப: ெசய.
!.
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. 0*9
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The duty of a father to his son is to make him gain the foremost place among the
wise.
த
மித
ம(க அறிAைடைம மாநில0 68
ம9யி( ெகலா
இனி0.
9 ! 0) .
. 9 Y9 ! 0
Children wiser than their parents give delight to all beings in the world.
noble man.
மகத"ைத(() ஆ6
உதவி இவத"ைத 70
எேநாறா ெகாஎ9
ெசா.
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9 (
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The duty of a son is to conduct himself so well as to bring honour to his father.
§ÚdÏ\s 16
8. அ
ைடைம -
- Possession of Love
அபி
உ&ேடா அைட("தா% ஆவல 71
+கணீ ?ச த)
.
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True love can never be hidden. It is revealed through the tears of the loved ones.
அபிலா எலா
தம(ாிய அ+ைடயா 72
எ+
உாிய பிற(.
1; 0
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The loveless are selfish but the loving render their service even risking their life.
அ+ஈ9
ஆவ
உைடைம அ0ஈ9
74
ந&+எ9
நாடா: சிற3+.
#M
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From love always springs affection and that gives excellent friendship.
desert.
+ற063 ெபலா
எவெச.*
யா(ைக 79
அக063+ அபி லவ(.
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The external organs of one's body are of no use if one's heart is devoid of love.
9. விேதா!ப - ()
* - Hospitality
இ)"ேதா
பி இவா%வ ெதலா
வி)"ேதா
பி 81
ேவளா&ைம ெச.த ெபா),$.
0 %
.$.# "
The purpose of leading a domestic life and protecting wealth is to serve guests.
வ)வி)"0 ைவக=
ஓ
+வா வா%(ைக 83
ப)வ"0 பா%ப$த இ6.
(
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The life of one who entertains guests every day will never suffer from poverty.
வி0
இடேவ&$
ெகாேலா வி)"ேதா
பி 85
மி:சி மிைசவா +ல
.
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7
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He who eats after entertaining guests will reap a harvest even without sowing the
fields.
§ÚdÏ\s 19
ெசவி)"0 ஓ
பி வ)வி)"0 பாதி)3பா 86
நவி)"0 வான தவ(.
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He who receives guests one after another will be an honoured guest in heaven.
பாி"ேதா
பி3 பறேற
எப வி)"ேதா
பி 88
ேவவி தைல3படா தா.
.2" 7 X "
." 3 2 0 " <
Who never entertain guests are those who hoarded hard-earned wealth and lost it
among fools.
ேமா3ப( ைழ*
அனி:ச
க"திாி"0 90
ேநா(க( ைழ*
வி)"0.
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On seeing the cold look of the host, the face of the guest withers like the anicham
இெசாலா ஈர
அைளஇ3 ப!(6)இலவா
91
ெச
ெபா) க&டாவா.: ெசா.
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The virtuous speak only sweet and tender words devoid of deceit.
0+Mஉ
0Fவாைம இலா
யாமா,$
94
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இெசா லவ(.
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Those who speak sweet words and delight everyone will never suffer the agony of
poverty.
அலைவ ேதய அற
ெப)
நலைவ 96
நா! இனிய ெசா>.
# 12
+ 3I , 0I
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Useful words uttered with kindness reduce all evils and increase virtue.
ones.
§ÚdÏ\s 22
11. ெச#ந
றி அறித - -
- Gratitude
been helped.
எைம எபிற3+
உNவ த2க& 107
விம" 0ைடதவ ந,+.
M
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The great will remember in all seven births the friendship of those who helped them
in their distress.
deeds at once.
எ"நறி ெகாறா(
உ.A&டா
உ.விைல 110
ெச."நறி ெகாற மக.
(4)# 0 % & I
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There is scope even for those who have killed every virtue but not for those who
ெச3ப
உைடயவ ஆ(கH சிைதவிறி 112
எ:சதி ேகமா3(+) உைட0.
<
9 5-.. 3 0
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An impartial man's wealth is an imperishable security to his future generations.
நேற தாி9
ந$விக"தா
ஆ(கைத 113
அேற ெயாழிய விட.
0% 8
.
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One should shun the wealth that comes through unjust means whatever good it may
bring.
ேக$
ெப)(க
இலல ெநHச0( 115
ேகாடாைம சாேறா( கணி.
F$
3 C# Y
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Loss and gain are quite natural in life. But a balanced mind is the ornament of the
great.
§ÚdÏ\s 25
ெசாேகா,ட
இல0 ெச3ப
ஒ)தைலயா 119
உ,ேகா,ட
இைம ெபறி.
F! N =2 N %
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Equity means words without bias that come from a firm and unbiased mind.
வாணிக
ெச.வா( வாணிக
ேபணி3 120
பிறA
தமேபா ெசயி.
C .
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>+ (%"
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Treating the goods of others as his own is a mark of good trade.
§ÚdÏ\s 26
mountain.
எலா(
நறா
பணித அவ)N
125
ெசவ(ேக ெசவ
தைக0.
18 (# >8 # $2 ".
. 9 9 ".
Humility is certainly good for all. It is an added grace to the wealthy.
§ÚdÏ\s 27
seven births.
யாகாவா ராயி9
நாகா(க காவா(கா 127
ேசாகா3ப ெசா>(3 ப,$.
(I
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Holding one's tongue is very important because a slip of the tongue will bring
sufferings.
leave.
of virtue.
§ÚdÏ\s 28
பாி"ேதா
பி( கா(க ஒ(க
ெதாி"ேதா
பி 132
ேதாி9
அஃேத 0ைண.
F% ' 12 ! D.9 ! _!
.(
#M 12 12 C # > >9 12 0B. 2)
One should excel in good conduct and take pains to cultivate and guard it.
ஒ(க
உைடைம !ைம இ(க
133
இழி"த பிற3பா. வி$
.
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Discipline is a sign of noble birth. Indiscipline indicates mean birth.
மற3பி9
ஓ0( ெகாளலா
பா3பா 134
பிற3ெபா(க2 ற( ெக$
.
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If the wise forget the past learning, they can learn it again. But loss of discipline leads
to ruin.
conduct.
நறி( விதா
நெலா(க
தீெயா(க
138
எ6
இ$
ைப த)
.
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Good conduct is the seed of virtuous deeds. Bad conduct leads to endless distress.
another's wife.
எைன0ைணய ஆயி9
எனா
திைன0ைண*
144
ேதரா பிறனி +க.
>+ ( &.9
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However great a man may be, he loses his greatness when he seeks another's wife.
பைகபாவ
அ:ச
பழிெயன நா
146
இகவாவா
இ>ற3பா க&.
:(
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He who covets another's wife will always sink in enmity, sin, fear and disgrace.
great.
diggers.
strength.
அறஆ(க
ேவ&டாதா எபா பிறனா(க
163
ேபணா(0) அ(க63 பா.
>
0. 12 >#9 !
.> 3 0 C.! 3
One who does not desire virtue and wealth alone will envy other's wealth.
ruin them.
§ÚdÏ\s 35
அ(க6 அகறா)
இைல அஃ0இலா 170
ெப)(கதி தீ"தா)
இ.
(' 0 ! #9
.<'% 3 3 .
No one has prospered through envy and those who are free from envy have never
become poor.
§ÚdÏ\s 36
சிறிப
ெவஃகி அறனல ெச.யாேர 173
மறிப
ேவ&$ பவ.
L( L
!
9 & ! :I.
.<' ( 0. 12 >*
. =2
People who seek eternal happiness will never stoop to any sinful deeds for petty joys.
இலெம6 ெவஃத ெச.யா +ல
ெவற 174
+ைமயி கா,சி யவ.
( D. ,# !
.-2 9 %
>+ 0 12 ) =2
Those who control five senses will never covet others' wealth even in poverty.
wealth.
§ÚdÏ\s 37
ேவ&டக ெவஃகியா
ஆ(க
விைளவயி 177
மா&ட காிதா
பய.
^ 3
) 7 ..
.>7 12 # 3 ) 3 Q2
One must avoid gaining other's wealth through greed, for there is no good in it.
இறS9
எ&ணா0 ெவஃகி விறஈ9
180
ேவ&டாைம எ9H ெச)(.
8 0 12 4A )
.A D ) . =$ D
Thoughtless coveting leads to ruin and greedless pride leads to victory.
§ÚdÏ\s 38
after-effects.
அறHெசா=
ெநHசதா அைம +றHெசா=
185
+ைமயா காண3 ப$
.
D.+
.U-. 0#
I 9 $'9
A person may talk of virtue but his backbiting exposes his meanness.
§ÚdÏ\s 39
0னியா ற
86
மரபினா 188
எைனெகா ஏதிலா மா,$.
=A D% ; 9 D
8
2
Those who backbite even dear friends will undoubtedly do worse to strangers.
ஏதிலா ற
ேபா த2ற2 கா&கிபி 190
தீ0&ேடா ம9
உயி(.
" ,
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% U9
No evil will fall on living beings if everyone sees his faults as he sees others' faults.
§ÚdÏ\s 40
அ)
பய ஆ*
அறிவினா ெசாலா 198
ெப)
பய இலாத ெசா.
. `
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Men of wisdom and reason will never utter useless words.
மற"0
பிறேக$ Rழக Rழி 204
அறHR
R%"தவ ேக$.
d#M " 9
3
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!2 02
One must avoid plotting evil against others. Otherwise, virtue will destroy one who
எைன3பைக *றா)
உ.வ விைன3பைக 207
<யா0 பிெச6 அ$
.
b 9 !2 %
.b 9 ).! =2 >% 9
One may escape from the ill effects of enmity but the enmity of one's own sinful
demands no return.
worthy men.
+ேத Nலக0
ஈ&$
ெபறலாிேத 213
ஒ3+ரவி நல பிற.
! 12 3 ? &%
.,
%! '%9 1;
There is no better deed in heaven and earth than serving the society.
of water.
§ÚdÏ\s 45
பயமர
உT3 பதறா ெசவ
216
நய9ைட யாக& ப!.
1#! % 0 H
. 0 $9 1.R. (- 9 12 (
)
; $2
The wealth of a generous person serves like a fruit-bearing tree in the middle of a
இடனி ப)வ0
ஒ3+ரவி() ஒகா 218
கடனறி கா,சி யவ.
- > . .
% 0I
.>-2 % &. $% C % ! 3 7
Even in utter poverty the dutiful will never give up their generosity.
ஒ3+ரவி னாவ)
ேகெடனி அஃெதா)வ 220
வி6(ேகா த(க 0ைட0.
!
C ( 6.
9 CH
. &
1" ! 9 %
Even ruin is worth buying by selling oneself if it comes of doing charity.
§ÚdÏ\s 46
நலா(6) எனி9
ெகாளதீ0 ேம=லக
222
இெலனி9
ஈதேல ந6.
d( & /R 0I e! , .
.1; $2 , ( 0I ! $% C.
Receiving even for a good cause is evil. Giving is good even if heaven is denied.
இலென9
எFவ
உைரயாைம ஈத 223
ல9ைடயா க&ேண *ள.
< -2 &)%9 $;
."<4; 9 3" <=4I B! 9 0
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Giving even before one expresses one's poverty is the quality found in a noble man.
receiving.
endure hunger.
§ÚdÏ\s 47
ஈ0வ(
இப
அறியாெகா தாைடைம 228
ைவதிழ(
வக ணவ.
F.= =2 C ) I
. 9 !# ! 0
7
$
I :!I 49
Those who hoard and lose wealth do not know the joy of gladdening the poor with
charity.
நத
ேபா ேக$
உளதா
சா(கா$
235
விதக( கலா அாி0.
/
Y D / : ! 12 D /
.(
R; 12 ) 3 !. 3
Only the wise can convert loss into gain and death into life of glory.
§ÚdÏ\s 49
+க%பட வாழாதா த
ேநாவா த
ைம 237
இக%வாைர ேநாவ0 எவ.
. 12 #M 12 C ! D! ! !
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a 3 ! 2
a
It is useless for the fameless to blame their despisers instead of blaming themselves.
அ),ெசவ
ெசவ0 ெசவ
ெபா),ெசவ
241
?ாியா க&Q
உள.
dA A (
.,!# &. / A
Compassion is the greatest wealth. Even the worst of men possess worldly wealth.
ம9யி ஓ
பி அ)ளாவா(() இெலப 244
த9யி அH;
விைன.
$I- C4=# ' :4!
H C. 3
.$
Men of compassion protecting all beings on earth are free from fear of evils.
life.
அ)ளிலா(() அFAலக
இைல ெபா)ளிலா(() 247
இFAலக
இலாகி யா2.
C2 ( % .
#M 12 C=# 3
.0 12 D 3
This world is not for the poor and the heavenly world is not for the unkind.
flourish.
truth.
ones.
§ÚdÏ\s 52
பைடெகா&டா ெநHச
ேபா நM(கா0 ஒற 253
உட;ைவ உ&டா மன
.
:# D. 3 0B / 0 R2
.#M &% Y=! 0 / 0 DI 07
The meat-eaters do not find joy in grace like those who carry murderous weapons.
hell.
§ÚdÏ\s 53
உ&ணாைம ேவ&$
+லாஅ பிறிெதாற 257
+&ண(0) உணவா3 ெபறி.
( 9 '
.9 % .
a
If one knows that meat is only a sore of an animal, one will refrain from eating it.
அவிெசாாி" தாயிர
ேவ,ட> ஒற 259
உயிெச 0&ணாைம ந6.
9 % J
.
.
- := 12
! ! D! #
It is better to refrain from killing and eating meat than numerous offerings of ghee on
fire.
தவ
தவைடயா(() ஆ
அவ
அதைன 262
அஃதிலா ேமெகா வ0.
( !.
. =2 >+ 9
Penance befits only those who do penance and it is a useless effort for others.
ஒனா ெதற=
உவ"தாைர ஆ(க=
264
எ&ணி தவதா வ)
.
(!
*A ).!
.4
9 9 4%9 $ 9
Penance has the power to destroy the enemies and elevate the friends.
;ட:;ட)
ெபாேபா ஒளிவி$
0பH 267
;ட:;ட ேநாகி பவ(.
X 9 D* 5#
0#H
.<)! <3 $ 5#
a * 4; &%
2
As fire refines gold and makes it brighter, sufferings of penance make the ascetics
purer.
Bற
தித=
ைகB$
ேநாற> 269
ஆற தைல3ப, டவ(.
(
- D!.
a ,
.: 9 &% D8 9 ).!
Whoever is strengthened with the power of penance can conquer even the god of
death.
conduct.
வா9ய ேதாற
எவெச.*
தெனHச
272
தாஅறி ற3 ப!.
>$' K 3
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I
A man's saintly postures are of no use if his mind is knowingly bent on evil thoughts.
in a tiger's skin.
பறேற
எபா ப!ெறா(க
எெறெற(6) 275
ஏத
பலA" த)
.
:$; /
9 <
&% / ; :!
.":2 1." =4I 2 1.B !2
Men who claim sainthood but practise evil bring only eternal misery upon
themselves.
§ÚdÏ\s 57
evil mind.
their deeds.
மழித=
நீ,ட=
ேவ&டா உலக
280
பழித(0) ஒழி0 வி!.
, $ 1. :4! D .
.%9 ٕ 3 $ F4# 9 ; C & ( =2
There is no need to tonsure or grow long hair if one shuns evil deeds.
§ÚdÏ\s 58
உளதா உள=
தீேத பிறெபா)ைள( 282
களதா கேவ
என.
F7 7 .I 12 .
.0)
#M 09 "* 12 . A 3 2
Even the thought of robbing others' wealth is a sin and so it must be eschewed.
களெவ9
காரறி வா&ைம அளெவ9
287
ஆற +ாி"தாக& இ.
A. . 12 9 9
.(' (%# & ). =2
The basest deed of stealing is not found in men of profound righteousness.
அளவறி"தா ெநHச தற
ேபால நி
288
களவறி"தா ெநHசி கரA.
<; . : <I
I
.<I . : <;+
I
Virtue lies in the thoughts of the virtuous and deceit lies in the hearts of thieves.
கவா( தN
உயிநிைல களா( 290
தளா0 +ேத Nள.
F! 0). C!
.( .. =2 C!
Those who refrain from stealing gain heaven, whereas thieves lose their life.
§ÚdÏ\s 60
ெபா.ைம*
வா.ைம யிடத +ைரதீ"த 292
நைம பய(
எனி.
C
D /.!
.; <# < # Z.9
Even a harmless lie can be considered as truth when it brings benevolent results.
afterwards.
fame.
virtues.
எலா விள(
விள(கல சாேறா(3 299
ெபா.யா விள(ேக விள(.
< 0 ,
.(-- * C 0
All lamps are not real lamps. To the great, the lamp of truth alone is the lamp.
நைக*
உவைக*
ெகா=
சினதி 304
பைக*
உளேவா பிற.
"+ % 9
.D- ( $
(!.
There is no greater enemy than anger which kills one's happiness and laughter.
சினெம9
ேச"தாைர( ெகா> இனெம9
306
ஏம3 +ைணைய: ;$
.
$ D!. C. D"8
.)# % C. 0
Anger destroys not only one who gets angry but also one's relations who help them
in times of danger.
உளிய எலா
உடென.0
உளதா 309
உளா ெவளி எனி.
'8 !
!;
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A man will attain everything he wants if his mind is free from the thoughts of anger.
ascetics.
§ÚdÏ\s 64
32. இ
னா ெச#யாைம - %;
- Not Doing Harm
சிற3L9
ெசவ
ெபறி9
பிற(இனா 311
ெச.யாைம மாசறா ேகா.
<9 " 3 1-. 1-
.? 12 ( ( :
The law of the pure is never to hurt others even if it brings wealth that achieves fame.
in anger.
ெச.யாம ெசறா(
இனாத ெச.தபி 313
உ.யா விம" த)
to them.
own.
§ÚdÏ\s 65
எைனதா9
எHஞா6
யா(
மனதானா
317
மாணாெச. யாைம தைல
0 12 % U 69 0 C# 0"29
.
-
:
To refrain from hurting anyone wilfully in any manner at any time even in thought is
ேநாெயலா
ேநா.ெச.தா ேமலவா
ேநா.ெச.யா 320
ேநாயிைம ேவ&$ பவ.
F*+ "
)! " 0
.>+ " =2 ". 9 2
Those who want to be free from sufferings will not do wrong since all wrongs recoil
on wrong-doers.
§ÚdÏ\s 66
33. ெகாலாைம -
- Non-Killing
ப0&$ ப=யி ஓ
+த Wேலா 322
ெதாதவ6 எலா" தைல.
, C*A . ) 12 8 ;
.$
. 12 DE. 9 C=# ,9 *
Sharing one's food with others for protecting all lives is the chief virtue, according to
scholars.
fearing life.
§ÚdÏ\s 67
beings.
த9யி நீ3பி9
ெச.யக தாபிறி0 327
இ9யி நீ(
விைன.
<9 0.-. 3
.:a.HI &.
One must certainly refrain from killing even if one's dear life is in peril.
நறா
ஆ(க
ெபாிெதனி9
சாேறா(( 328
ெகாறா
ஆ(க2 கைட.
( D! 0.- &). 3 0I
.<2 >A < 7 <3 D! ٕ
The wise despise the disgraceful act of killing, however great its gains may be.
உயிஉட
பி நீ(கியா எப ெசயிஉட
பி 330
ெசலாதீ வா%(ைக யவ.
(I $.#9 ?
.
0I
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Those who once led their life by killing will live in poverty with dreadful diseases.
§ÚdÏ\s 68
34. நிைலயாைம -
- Impermanence
theatre.
value.
ஒ)ெபா0
வா%வ(0) அறியா க)0ப 337
ேகா!*
அல பல.
(' &. 0* , /. 3
0
-.! 79 9 1; ))#. 2
Men are not sure of the next moment in their life. Yet they think of millions of future
plans.
ட
ைப தனி(0)ஒழிய3 +பற" தேற 338
உட
ேபா($) உயிாிைட ந,+.
!
Y (
.* * 1. (!- ("
f ( 07
The soul quits the body any day like a bird coming out of the egg-shell.
the body.
§ÚdÏ\s 70
happiness.
அடேவ&$
ஐ"த +லைத விடேவ&$
343
ேவ&!ய ெவலா
ஒ)2.
,# ! A*
.< $.;. 2 *A
We must give up totally all our desires to control our five senses.
இயபா
ேநாபிெகா(6) இைம உைடைம 344
மயலா
ம6
ெபய0.
F 12 D+ 3 9 *A (
)
.$2 I $ 1; /9 12 D+ ٕ
Renouncing everything is true penance. Possession of anything leads to delusion.
ம6
ெதாட3பா($) எவெகா பிற3ப6(க 345
உறா(() உட
+
மிைக.
U#9 3-79 :
@
# 0
% 0-79 >! 0-7
Even the body is a burden to those seeking no rebirths, so there should not be any
worldly bonds.
§ÚdÏ\s 71
யாஎன(0) எ9
ெச)(()அ63பா வாேனா( 346
உய"த உலக
+
.
$)
K *
K !
.! 0*9
- 3 <% 0#
Those who curb the pride of 'I' and 'mine' enter the heavenly world inaccessible even
to gods.
பறி விடாஅ இ$
ைபக பறிைன3 347
பறி விடாஅ தவ(.
:
+
@
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.* $
Sorrows and sufferings will grip those who hold on to the worldly attachments.
desires.
attachments.
§ÚdÏ\s 72
இ)நீ2கி இப
பய(
ம)நீ2கி 352
மாச6 கா,சி யவ(.
0$ ='
H (-- > . ("
CAH
.>%
H 7
% :' 0A 2
Darkness of grief departs and bliss comes to those with pure vision and clear mind.
vision.
ஓ0ள
உள(0) உணாி ஒ)தைலயா3 357
ேப0ள ேவ&டா பிற3+.
.
C4- %
.@
&% A =2
There is no fear of rebirth if a person has analysed and found out the truth firmly.
பிற3ெப9
ேபைதைம நீ2க: சிற3ெப9
358
ெச
ெபா) கா&ப(0) அறிA.
@
! D
! * / 0$ (A 1* (
.
*A D
! 1* 1. (-- ٕ
Wisdom is realization of the truth which removes the folly of rebirth.
காம
ெவளி மய(க
இைவJற 360
நாம
ெகட(ெக$
ேநா..
0; 1"-.
.* D"8
$; &% : X HI
a K "
All pains and sorrows will disappear if lust, anger and confusion are given up.
§ÚdÏ\s 74
ேவ&$2கா ேவ&$
பிறவாைம மற0 362
ேவ&டாைம ேவ&ட வ)
.
@
! .2
K <.
.:$; . 3 &!. 3
If one has any desire, it should be only for freedom from births. It is achieved by
renouncing desires.
desirelessness.
அH;வ ேதா)
அறேன ஒ)வைன 366
வHசி3ப ேதா)
அவா.
:$; 12 6I (2# 1* (-.!3
.(%# () :$;
Fearing the bond of desires is a great virtue as desires have the power to deceive.
having desires.
இப
இைடயறா தீ&$
அவாெவ9
369
0ப0 0ப2 ெக!.
:
9 1* 1. , U* :.
.? 12
! 0.!2
There is an eternal flow of happiness when desire, the evil of evils, leaves.
38. ஊ - = - Fate
ஆBழா ேதா6
அைசவிைம ைக3ெபா) 371
ேபாBழா ேதா6
ம!.
' ! N. 0! %
.' ! N. 0!
Fate of wealth brings tireless efforts and fate of loss brings laziness.
ேபைத3 ப$(
இழV% அறிவக6
372
ஆகX% உற( கைட.
+ ( 0 ' !
.7. ( 0 ' !
Evil fate makes us fools and benevolent fate makes us all wise.
பாியி9
ஆகாவா
பாலல உ.0: 376
ெசாாியி9
ேபாகா தம.
.! :2 $ &-
=2 -
E
..! 12 :*!. I =2 I
E
Things not ordained to a man are not his. Things ordained to him, even when
are troubled.
இரடா பதி
Part II
ெபா
பா
WEALTH
§ÚdÏ\s 80
மான உைடய தர.
2*/ ! 34 / 5
%
.)
A noble king avoids vices; he is a man of virtue, boldness and dignity.
இய5ற6 ஈ
ட6+ கா8த6 கா8த 385
வ8த6 வ(ல தர.
6*
7 4 ! 4*
.82 9
&'% 5)*
Acquiring, storing, protecting and distributing wealth are the duties of an able king.
§ÚdÏ\s 81
ெசவிைக?ப
ெசா5ெபா ப)ைட ேவ"த 389
40. க
வி -
- Learning
க5க கசடற க5பைவ க5றபி 391
ேக( வி3
ெச(வ க(வி ெயாவ5 400
41. க
லாைம -
- Illiteracy
ெசா(லாட
ேசா'. ப;.
%
.+ C' >2 %
8 !; %'
The pride of an illiterate gets exposed when he interacts with the learned.
§ÚdÏ\s 85
க(லா'க ப
ட தி.
,I 2#
.% 4 I- >4H
The wealth of the unlearned is more harmful than the poverty of the learned.
42. ேகவி -
- Listening
ெச(வ8,
ெச(வ ெசவி
ெச(வ அ
ெச(வ 411
>; *.
.+ 5 * L#* ';
When there is no food for the ear, some food will be given to the stomach.
ெசவிDணவி5 ேகவி Dைடயா' அவிDணவி 413
ஒ3க =ைடயா'வா>
ெசா(.
+
.:/4/ 9?
The advice of the righteous is like a stick that helps one on a marshy ground.
§ÚdÏ\s 87
W >; <* +
+
.+1 $9 I* 29
Humility in speech cannot be attained by men who never listen to the discourse of
the wise.
ெசவியி5 ைவDணரா வாDண'வி மாக 420
M -
.&I J!- ))? &I* 19
If a person plans and acts on his desires secretly, the evil designs of his enemies will fail.
§ÚdÏ\s 92
Lவாைர
L", ெகாள(.
6 !
4 $9
.+ * + * +%*?
7
As ministers are a king's eyes, they should be selected with great care and wisdom.
§ÚdÏ\s 93
5றமா
L", வி;.
,4 #4* +
. ! #* +J
The noble fear the friendship of the ignoble; only mean men regard the ignoble as
relatives.
நில8திய(பா( நீ'திாி" த5றா மா"த'() 452
மன"*யா' ெக
சந றா இன"*யா'() 456
ஏத?பா(;) அ பவ'.
3?
.=* - $9 R* 9
Those who fear committing shameful errors will not begin any work not clear to them.
வைகயற
Lழா ெத3த( பைகவைர? 465
எளாத எணி
ெசய(ேவ; தெமா; 470
As the world approves only what is acceptable, one should do deeds without
incurring ridicule.
§ÚdÏ\s 98
48. வயறித
-
!
- Assessing the Strength
விைனவGD தவGD மா5றா வGD 471
,ைணவGD *கி
ெசய(.
J!- , * A
. - +0 J# ,
A person should weigh the act, his strength and that of his foes and friends before
venturing.
ஒ(வ தறிவ(,) அறி"தத கத+கி
472
ெச(வா'
ெச(லாத(,) இ(.
*9 / 3! * M +!
.$
<)* 2*/ +0
Nothing is impossible to those who know the ways and means of the task.
உைட8த வGயறியா' ஊக8தி ஊகி 473
49. காலமறித
- *+
( - Choosing Proper Time
50. இடனறித
- %
( - Assessing the Place
ெதாட+க5க எ<விைனD எள5க =5 491
ேபா5றா'க ேபா5றி
ெசயி.
C2 + 3I
.4 + 4 * ! +% ';
Even the less powerful can conquer their foes if they choose the proper place for
defense and offence.
எணியா' எண இழ?ப' இடனறி", 494
,னியா' ,னி
ெசயி.
9 &! *2 4 >; 3 ';
.
# * ! H + *H J!- 9
A careful approach by the brave from the right place will outwit the enemy.
ெந;)ன6 ெவ(6 =தைல அ;)னG 495
உைறநில8ேதா(;) ஒ
ட( அாி,.
+% $9 %- >! +% '; % $9
/
.8, / 84 + / 4
It is difficult to manage foes on their own soil, even though they have no fort and
enough strength.
51. ெதாி
ெதளித
- *!
$! ,$"
- Testing and Trusting
அறெபா இப உயிர
ச நாகி 501
நா@ைடயா க
ேட ெதளி..
)? e +
% C' :0
7
. 3?
The ruler must choose men of noble birth who shun faults and feel ashamed of doing
evils.
அாியக5 ஆச5றா' க@ ெதாிD+கா( 503
The ruler should not select men who have no attachment and relatives, for they do
not fear social blame.
4
% 20
.H >; $I#*
Choosing fools as advisers out of love will lead to utter foolishness and confusion.
>! *!
.J *' ")-
Trusting strangers without testing them will bring endless evils to one's progeny.
52. ெதாி
விைனயாட
&
$! -
- Evaluating and Employing
நைமD தீைமD நா நல)ாி"த 511
நைடயா க
ேட ெதளி..
:? <- 9 2.
.< ) +! * +! 2
One should employ men of virtues who are kind, wise, clear-headed and contented.
எைனவைகயா ேதறிய க@ விைனவைகயா 514
அத5ாிய னாக
ெசய(.
H
4 9 Q4.
.9 3@Q +0
Only after having decided that a man is fit for the task, one should employ him.
விைனக விைனDைடயா ேகைமேவ றாக 519
The ruler should always be alert in keeping his workforce faithful so as to make the
world all right.
§ÚdÏ\s 108
53. றதழா
- #
!+
. /
% - Cherishing Relatives
வி?பறா
5ற இையயி அ?பறா 522
உவைக மகி
சியி5 ேசா'..
நி
ச நிர?)ெகா றா+.
2 # * 2#
., +?* #H '
Forgetfulness in one's duty ruins one's name and fame just as constant poverty
destroys wisdom.
ெபா
சா?பா' கி(ைல )கைம அ,உலக8(,) 533
ெபா
சா? )ைடயா' ந.
89? <#4 /
.19R 4 #* /
The fearful have no use of their fort. Likewise, the forgetful have no use of their
fortune.
=Bற காவா(,) இ3கியா தபிைழ 535
கவியா( ேபா5றி
ெசயி.
<)* / =
.Q2* &'#4- )*/ J ';
When we do a thing focusing our mind on it, nothing will be difficult for us.
)க"தைவ ேபா5றி
ெசய(ேவ; ெச>யா(,) 538
மகி
சியி ைம", ேபா,.
! #R F# $9 :H* C'
. #H % $9 #* - 19
When one is extremely proud and happy, one should remember those who are
ruined through forgetfulness.
உளிய, எ>த( எளி,ம ம5"தா 540
55. ெச!ேகா"ைம - $
- Just Rule
=ைறகா =
டா
ெசயி.
*! $
.* +!
. .! $
The king protects all his people. His own just rule protects his dignity.
56. ெகா#!ேகா"ைம -
- Tyrannical Rule
ெகாைலேம5ெகா டாாி5 ெகாேத அைலேம5ெகா(;) 551
Lழா, ெச>D அர.
! 9H* C'
.8 *! * " I
If the king abuses his authority, he will lose both his wealth and the support of the
people.
அ(ல5ப
(;) ஆ5றா(,) அ3தக ணீரேற 555
58. க&ேணாட - %
- Benign Look
59. ஒறாட
- 1
- Espionage
ஒ5 உைரசாற F6 இைவயிர; 581
4* -
. F / 3? /
Able spies are those who have unsuspected appearance and fearlessness, and
guard secrets.
§ÚdÏ\s 121
W 9 ,2
K 2 9 %; /; $
Only those with zeal have real wealth; those without zeal have nothing, though they
may have everything.
உள உைடைம உைடைம ெபாJைடைம 592
P
<
@ / C'
.%! 2 E $*
A king who is not lazy can gain all the worlds measured by God's great strides.
§ÚdÏ\s 126
ெம>வ8த G த.
2
- $9 B4 /
.
9 &
Though fate may not be favourable, strenuous effort will yield its reward.
63. இ#*கணழியாைம - $3
$/
$ *
!
- Fortitude
இ;க வ+கா( நக அதைன 621
திறனறி"தா ேத'
சி8 ,ைண.
8 J +* 3
. - :*9
A king should choose as minister one known for virtue, wise words and efficient execution.
§ÚdÏ\s 131
65. ெசா
வ"ைம - %
"( - Power of Speech
ேவ
ப ெமாழிவதா ெசா(.
; < ' C' +1 $% 9
.! >; < R
A speech should captivate the audience and appeal even to those who have not
heard it.
திறனறி", ெசா(6க ெசா(ைல அறB 644
ந;க5ற கா
சி யவ'.
B >! < U
$9 #*
.& - 2 !
* / 4U9
Men with foresight will do nothing shameful even in extreme distress.
எ5ெற இர+வ ெச>ய5க ெச>வாேன( 655
அ
சாணி அனா' உைட8,.
% $9 9 0 *J ?Y +- 2* /
. Q C* C' )2 0
Appearance of a man does not matter. He may be as important as the linchpin of a
rolling chariot.
கல+கா, கட விைனக ,ள+கா, 668
தா
சிD த+த( தீ,.
2 >; % - $9
* PH ;
.+Q! +0; &'#4* ?T* $9
After taking a well-considered decision, it is extremely harmful to delay the action.
*+க *+கி
ெசய5பால *+க5க 672
ெச(6வா> ேநாகி
ெசய(.
- ? '#4*
.4 B >* 9 /ٕ
When it is possible, it is good to act. Otherwise, one should find out the right time and
place to act.
விைனபைக எறிர எ
ச நிைனD+கா( 674
தீெய
ச ேபால8 ெத.
4 T* %T0 <
* + $* , `4
.8 * ?.* + $* 4 0 #? .* 4* 9
Unfinished action and ignored enmity lead to ruin like unextinguished fire that flares up.
ெபாகவி கால விைனயிடெனா(;) ஐ", 675
இதீர எணி
ெசய(.
: '#4* - ? $9 T*
. ) 4 " 4 Y +1
One must consider resources, ways, time, place and nature of the deed before
carrying out an act.
§ÚdÏ\s 139
ப;பயB பா'8,
ெசய(.
; # $9 T* - $H4
. *; 4! Q #4 9 $* <4
Mode of completion, obstacles and profit should be measured well before venturing
into an action.
ஒ
டாைர ஒ
ெகாள(.
!
I* +*%
@
.V ) )!; 0-
It is more urgent to make friends with foes than doing good to friends.
இக(ேவ"த'
ேச'"ெதா3 வா'.
; 2* / 4! * / - 9 ! "*
.4 e9* 0
Men around a wavering ruler, like those before the fire, should go neither too far from
him nor too near him.
மன' விைழப விைழயாைம மனரா( 692
வி
டகா( ேக
க மைற.
64! #** / M
@ >; 4'- $2* /
.; < *9 #4 % &
9- '; >*
One should not overhear or show interest in learning the king's secret till it is disclosed by him.
§ÚdÏ\s 143
ேவ;ப ேவ
ப
ெசால(.
+J1 " $9 % / +@
.
@ :) -
Take into account the king's mood and time, and speak to him what he likes to listen to.
ேவ
பன ெசா(G விைனயில எஞா 697
,ளக5ற கா
சி யவ'.
/ / I ( '
.&4! 4T 4Q
The wise will not do anything unacceptable to the king, thinking that they enjoy the
king's favour.
பைழய எனகதி? பப(ல ெச>D 700
71. றி0பறித
- '
:6 ( - Mind-Reading
றாைம ேநாகி றி?பறிவா எஞா 701
க;8த, கா
; =க.
4E ? =
. 4 2 , =*
As a crystal reflects things around it, the face shows one's likes and dislikes.
=க8தி =,ைற"த(,) உேடா உவ?பிB 707
72. அைவயறித
- %!9
7
; 2( - Knowing the Assembly
=", கிளவா
ெசறி..
I9-
. +1 $9 5* / -
Best of all virtues is modesty which controls one's tongue before the wise.
§ÚdÏ\s 147
)(லைவD ெபா
சா", ெசா(ல5க ந(லைவD 719
ந ெசல
ெசா(6 வா'.
+ $9 c0(* ] = $9 S ; >! 2
.1 = $9 84 +2 - $H4 / 4U9
Those who speak persuasively before the wise should never talk so to the mean
even by a slip.
க5ற ெசல
ெசா(6 வா'.
+ - +! +* - >! 2
. +!T 3. 4U9 + I ]
The orator who makes the learned spellbound with his scholarship is a scholar
among scholars.
பைகயக8,
சாவா' எளிய' அாிய' 723
The orator should master oratorical skills essential to counter the arguments of his foes
bravely.
§ÚdÏ\s 149
Hணைவ அ பவ'.
K 3 1 $%
K'
+ - +* - * 1 $%
To one who dreads an assembly, learning is as useless as a sword in the hands of a
coward.
பைகயக8,? ேபைக ஒவா அைவயக8, 727
அ மவக5ற F(.
9 + %- < $9 +* - 3? C'
. $9 < 3 0
The scholarship of those who fear speaking in an assembly is as useless as a sword
in the eunuch's hand.
ப(லைவ க5 பயமிலேர ந(லைவD 728
ந ெசல
ெசா(லா தா'.
)? 0(* 94 )? 2; >! 2 /
.,0 * = 9 ,J9 / 4U9 + %- = $9
Those who cannot effectively speak good things in an assembly are useless,
however educated they are.
க(லா தவாி கைடெயப க5றறி", 729
க5ற ெசல
ெசா(லா தா'.
&!
* >! 2 / =4
.2 "
Those who fear the assembly and cannot express convincingly resemble the dead.
§ÚdÏ\s 150
நாெடப நா
தைல.
*0 `24* / !
CT * @ $*
.
A I9- > * $ 9 )2 4!
An ideal country will not be ruined by foes. Even if ruined, it will remain prosperous
forever.
இ)ன6 வா>"த மைலD வ)ன6 737
76. ெபா$ெசய
வைக -
- Earning Wealth
எணிய ேதய8,
ெச.
$I- >; &I F %
. 1Q
Wealth, the everlasting light, drives away enmity from all lands.
அறஈB இப= ஈB திறனறி", 754
ெச(வ
ெசவிGயா( உ;.
*! * "*4- $*
.,0 *I
Wealth, the foster mother, nurses the child of live called grace.
உடாக
ெச>வா விைன.
3? 1
# * &
.3? 1 >!- # %
9
Doing a business with enough money in hand is as safe as watching an elephant-
fight from a hill.
ெச>க ெபாைள
ெசந' ெசக 759
.!
+ -
J) !
$% ; 2
.)I/ 4! &!@ >; & - $%
The great manliness is to fight the battle with courage. But it's better to show mercy
to the humbled enemies.
ைகேவ( களி5ெறா; ேபாகி வபவ 774
The warriors count their days without receiving glorious war wounds as fruitless days.
இைழ8த(,) இகவாைம
சாவாைர யாேர 779
)ர"தா'க நீ'ம(க
சாகி5பி சாகா(;) 780
பினீர ேபைதயா' ந
).
1 0 8 . * 12
.8 H $ *4 8 - 0 >2
Friendship of the wise grows like the waxing moon but that of fools decreases like the
waning moon.
நவி(ெதா F(நய ேபா6 பயி(ெதா 783
அகநக ந ப, ந ).
அ(ல( உழ?பதா ந
).
? :) $9 W.*
! 4E *
@ $* $%
. 4! /S $9
*
Good friendship saves one from ruin, shows the right paths and shares the distress.
இ;க கைளவதா ந
).
"9Y 4E '24 $* $%
. = :4 '; ! '24*
Friendship is one which rescues the friends in distress like one's own hands setting
right the slipping dress.
)ைனயிB )(ெலB ந
).
2 1 * 4! #*
".$4 % - 4- " + 2
It is only mean friendship which proclaims that the friends are so close to each other.
§ÚdÏ\s 162
80. நபாரா%த
- #
+$"
#
&9"
- Choosing Friends
நாடா, ந
டG5 ேக(ைல ந
டபி 791
இனB அறி"தியாக ந
).
*?
9 ?Y : - `?
>!
. - C' ! *- #?
One's character, clan, defects, and relatives must be studied before befriending one.
?பிற", தக பழிநா@ வாைன 794
ெகா;8, ெகாள(ேவ; ந
).
4 ,- >; *4 A :
A
d )!U ! +1 3?
. 0
One should pay any price to gain the friendship of men of noble birth who despise
disgrace.
அழ
ெசா(G அ(ல(,) இ8, வழகறிய 795
நீ
அள?பேதா' ேகா(.
68 ?A
A $9 ;
.J? 2 ) =2 =2 A 4U9
Even in misfortune there is something good, for it is a yardstick to measure friends.
அ(ல5க ஆ5ற?பா' ந
).
6* ! *# 1 ! *
@ /
. 4! 4 #
@ < 4*
@
One should not thing of deeds curbing enthusiasm and of one's friendship deserting
in danger.
ஒ.க ஒ?பிலா' ந
).
! 4* $24 $2* % :
. 0 9*
One should seek the friendship of good people and shake off the worthless at any cost.
§ÚdÏ\s 164
கிழைமைய கீ"திடா ந
).
9 $% "T ';
., + !- 2*
)* / $* $%
Intimacy is that which willingly submits to liberties taken by old friends.
ந
பி5 ?) ெக3தைகைம ம5றத5 802
83. டாந -
2( = 0
+
$"
- Undesirable Friendship
ேநரா நிர"தவ' ந ).
%Q*
.# '; I 4 0 *9
Feigned friendship is like an anvil to destroy one at a suitable place.
One should not trust the humble words of the enemies as they hurt like the arrows
from bending bows.
ெதா3தைக DJ பைடெயா;+ ஒனா' 828
84. ேபைதைம - +
- Folly
ேபைதைம எபெதா யாெதனி ஏத+ெகா(;) 831
3* / :
.! , R ,
Shamelessness, desirelessness, lovelessness and regardlessness are the qualities
of a fool.
ஓதிஉண'", பிற'ைர8, தானட+கா? 834
85. 3
லறிவா&ைம - >6!
- Silly-Mindedness
One who tries to educate a fool is a fool, for a fool continues to see things in his own way.
உலக8தா' உெடப(,) இ(ெலபா ைவய8, 850
86. இக
- $
- Discordance
காணா
சின8தா கழிெப+ காம8தா 866
அ பைகவ'? ெபறி.
" *
.3O ?
. R
&!- >! *4 !
The joy of the warriors knows no bounds when their enemies are fools and cowards.
க(லா ெவJ சிெபா எஞா 870
88. பைக.திறெதாித
பைகவ'க ப
ட ெச.
#4 $ * 4! J!- %'*
.B :) 4! <9*
The pride of enemies will fall if one strengthens and defends himself with proper
know-how.
இைளதாக =மர ெகா(க கைளDந' 879
89. உபைக -
7
- Hidden Enmity
நிழ(நீ இனாத இனா தம'நீ 881
ெச?பி )ண'
சிேபா( B டாேத 887
@ +
. J $9 <2 4U9
Disrespect to the great will surely lead one to lifelong miseries.
ெகட(ேவ ேகளா, ெச>க அட(ேவ 893
?
, :* 19 * >
?
.I# 4* / !-
A henpecked husband who gains no heavenly bliss will not achieve glory even
through his manly deeds.
இ(லாைள அவா அம5 ெறஞா 905
அைமயா'ேதா அ பவ'.
C- >2 19 !4 * 5'
.4 $9 ,
! !
No one will respect those who fear the tender shoulders of their wives, though they
live like gods.
ெபேணவ( ெச>ெதா3 ஆைமயி நா@ைட? 907
94. 8 -
- Gambling
ேவட5க ெவறிB Lதிைன ெவற*உ 931
One should avoid gambling for gains. Its gains are like a baited hook swallowed by a fish.
ஒெற>தி Fறிழ Lத' உடா+ெகா( 932
+) $9 3E
.+2
,0
Eating food beyond the limit of one's digestion leads to all kinds of ailments.
வா>நா வா>?ப
ெசய(.
P `?
- :' ) $H4
.N +0 ! ]
Physicians should diagnose the disease, find out the cause and its remedy before
treatment.
க5றா கதி
ெசய(.
P ) + +Q4 9 ) >!
.b1 "
A doctor should study the patient's condition, nature of sickness and time before
treatment.
சலப5றி
சா(பில ெச>யா'மா ச5ற 956
ல8தி( பிற"தா'வா>
ெசா(.
9 "*4 C' * ) >! * *4
. 4 ? >! * +9 "? $* " '
As sprouts indicate the nature of the soil, speech reveals the nature of one's birth.
இறி அைமயா
சிற?பின ஆயிB 961
சிறியா' உண'
சிD இ(ைல ெபாியாைர? 976
ப)பா ரா
; உல.
? ?Y >;
.+A 2? >! $40
The world will praise the excellence of men whose service results in justice and charity.
நைகDJ இனா திக
சி பைகDJ 995
ப)ள பாடறிவா' மா
;.
F
4%E
.! - I / +9
Even in jest, mockery is painful; hence the courteous will not hurt even their enemies.
§ÚdÏ\s 203
101. ந"றியி
ெச
வ - (
=
- Futile Wealth
ந
ச? படாஅ தவ.
? =4 / C' ?
K* 3? '
One who is not loved by anyone cannot think of leaving any legacy behind.
ெகா;?ப*உ ,>?ப*உ இ(லா'() அ;கிய 1005
ந
ச? படாதவ ெச(வ ந; 1008
ந
மரப38 த5.
=4 / C' ?
.4 ) $9 , 0 ,
0
The wealth of a man who is not liked by others is like a poison-tree bearing fruit in the
middle of a town.
102. நா9ைடைம - #
- Sense of Shame
கம8தா( நா@த( நா@" திHத( 1011
பிணிஅேறா O; நைட.
K A W =-
K 3* + C' I =-
Modesty is the jewel of the noble. Without it, their majestic gait is only a disease.
பிற'பழிD தபழிD நா@வா' நா@ 1015
103. ெசய
வைக -
9 - Promoting Family Welfare
5றமா
5 உல.
=4 )
.8 +Q H *J! *
People seek the relationship of a man who raises the glory of his family righteously.
§ÚdÏ\s 209
The farmers are the linchpin of the society, as they support all those who practice
other professions.
உ3,; வாவாேர வாவா'ம5 ெற(லா 1033
இ(லாளி ஊ வி;.
&! 2 >; 3*? / 2 ';
. $9 ,- =* $9 = 4U9
If the landowner fails to visit his fields, they will sulk like a neglected wife and yield
nothing.
இலெம() அைசஇ இ?பாைர காணி 1040
105. ந
ர - &
- Poverty
கனவி6 ேத5றாதா' மா
;.
+4 $9 &4! $#? / + - *
.)!E 0 ? '
Begging is as good as giving alms when one begs from those who never deny alms
even in dreams.
கர?பிலா' ைவயக8, உைமயா( கணி() 1055
கா6 இரெவா(லா
சா().
"4J &' ) $
+Q!- * +! >! +!
.*
@ &4! +
Even the whole world is too small before the great who never beg even in poverty.
ெதணீ' அ;)5ைக ஆயிB தாத"த(,) 1065
108. கயைம - 9
!
- Meanness
மகேள ேபா(வ' கயவ' அவரன 1071
The baser ones are luckier than those who know what is good, as the former never
care for any wrongs.
ேதவ' அைனய' கயவ' அவ"தா 1073
P
>! ) T
.+ #4- M *
+ 4- ]
The base resemble gods, for they too act according to their own will and pleasure.
அக?ப
ஆவாைர காணி அவாி 1074
மிக?ப
;
ெசமா கீ.
+ ) =4 #- M- ';
.&1!- + 4T ?#*
When the mean-minded find others meaner than them, they feel very proud of
themselves.
அ
சேம கீகள, ஆசார எ
ச 1075
The mean-minded are like a drum that is beaten, as they make others' secrets public.
றா பதி
Part III
இப
பா
LOVE
§ÚdÏ\s 222
109. தைகயண த
-
- Beauty's Dart
அணெகா ஆ
மயி ெகாேலா கனைழ 1081
!"
She is so beautiful that he wonders whether she is an angel or a peahen or a
bejewelled lady.
ேநாகினா ேநாெகதி ேநாத தாகண 1082
$(
. $) -$ ) ./ $(
He never knew the god of death. Now he sees the god of death in the maiden's guise
and warring eyes.
கடா உயி,- ேதா%ற!தா ெபடைக. 1084
ேபைத அம!தன க
( ) .
ெச
யல மஇவ க .
படாஅ6ைலேம கி .
நணா, உ)ெம 9* .
கடா மகி:ெச
த இ1 .
ேநா
ேநாெகா ற'ேநா
ம,' .
8 >JK
= 907 #$
%
.&"2!
= < 3"$
7 !K (
She looked and when he looked she lowered her head. Her action was like watering
their love-plant.
யாேநா நிலேநா ேநாகாகா
காைல 1094
றகணி!தா
சி ந
ேபால .
.$
!"" &0 #$
0
.3: &"(
.! & .(
The slender maiden has a gracious look. She smiles at her lover when he looks at her.
M
E C! #$ 5
..F .! @$! D
The joy of five sensuous pleasures is present in the fair maiden with pretty bangles.
பிணி ம,' பிறம அணியிைழ 1102
தேநா
! ம,'
தாேன .
3$
&:"( .'(
.-%"E$
7 &2$") 0
The maiden's shoulders are made of divine nectar; embracing her revives his
drooping spirit.
அமா 6ய
அாிைவ .
ேபாழ. 6ய
படாஅ .
ேவக ேவ
!ேதா ளவ) .
அ1வா
நிைற'த அவிமதி. ேபால 1117
&&
3:( 5
!71( E 5 -
5
(
There are no dark spots on the fair maiden's face like those on the waxing and
wanning moon.
மாத 6கேபா ஒளிவிட வைலேய 1118
'J
G !5
."A &&
@J (
He will love the moon if it shines as brightly as his maiden's sweet face.
மலரன கணா 6கெமா!தி யாயி 1119
வாெலயி1 நீஊறிய .
32$ &J) .
E & .'(
.! . W?
The saliva at his soft maiden's teeth is like the sweet mixture of milk and honey to the
lover.
&$ $ 31
.U 5!
. 31(
The intimacy between the lovers is similar to the union of the body and the soul.
க,மணியி% பாவா
நீ
யா EG ேபாதா 1123
$) "( F
.&$2 ; $) <
-$A
As the lover is within her eyes, she does not paint them fearing he would disappear.
ெநச!தா ெவ
ட
காத லவராக 1128
X .(!
.DJ . 34 (Y F
The lover lives in her heart; so she avoids hot food for fear of harming him.
ஏதில எ8இJ N .
X
$ F P
$ $) JK 0 $) . -
.;'
H !2 -$&" "
She never winks her eyes fearing her lover will disappear but the villagers call him
heartless.
ஏதில எ8இJ N .
மடலல இைல வ@
( ) .
< N .
'" ; <
.4$ .8 Z "5" <( . F0
There is no solution for those suffering from lovesickness except riding the
palm-horse.
ேநானா உட2 உயி, மடேல1 1132
U F
!
-) 8 F M:
."5" F0 &$8 F
Unable to bear the grief of separation, the lover's body and mind are prepared to
mount the madal.
நாெணா* நலாைம ப*ைடேய இ1ைடேய 1133
மாைல உழ ய .
படஒலா ேபைதெக க .
யாப)ட தாபடா ஆ1 .
)
7 .(J @&:!
. ( '
&$A
The ignorant make fun of her in her presence, for they have never suffered the pangs
of love like her.
§ÚdÏ\s 234
அலெரம ஈ'ததிJ N .
&")] & 5"E
.5& F
His love grows because of this rumour. Or else, it will become pale and weak.
களி!ெதா1 க;ட ேவ)ட%றா காம 1145
நீ;இ' ேநா
நீராக .
ெகளைவ எ*இJ N .
$) < " . 5 0 X$) < " F $( .0 $% 7(
.)
5$) .(! .
(
%
The lover must tell her only if he does not part; if it is about his speedy return, he
must inform the survivors.
இக உைட!தவ பாவ பிாிவ 1152
38 @H . .(!
.
#) < 3: 38
It is bitter to live with no friends in a place and it is more bitter to be without one's lover.
அாிதா%றி அலேநா
நீகி. பிாிவா%றி. 1160
M:
S
" .
&$
.B!'" F -) 8
Many women survive tolerating separation and bearing its pain.
§ÚdÏ\s 238
117. படெம$திரக
- #
- Pining
ஊ%1நீ மி
ேபால .
!K N
"( .
(
!-)$ . @ : ( : -$(
She is trying to hide her lovesickness but it swells like a spring.
கர!த ஆ%ேறஇ' ேநாையேநா
ெச
தா 1162
N
"( . C"! F
.@ - 4 . C"! F
She can neither conceal her lovesickness nor tell her lover about it because of her
shyness.
காம6 நா- உயிகாவா! Lஎ 1163
ேநானாஉடபி அக! .
ஏம. 2ைணம8 இ .
258 .(
$Y .
.5) 8 0 - B(
He who causes pain even in friendship will do greater harm in enmity.
§ÚdÏ\s 239
( C!
H
. . C! -
The joy of love is as great as the ocean. But the pain of separation is far greater than
the ocean.
யாம! உேள
யாேன .
X-! I F
& J4
.3E
! S
" B
9"
While swimming in the flood of love, she is unable to see the shore. At midnight she
pines all alone.
எனல இைல ைண
( ) .
நீ'தல மேனாஎ க .
தாகா)ட யாக ட .
உ
விேநா
எக நி1! .
காமேநா
ெச
தஎ க .
ஓஒ இனிேதஎமகி'ேநா
ெச
தக 1176
தாஅ இத%ப) ட .
ேவ> அவகட க .
காணா( க
) அைமவில .
-2 &
. 90 #$ F0 $) 2" F
.-1(
He did not love her sincerely, yet her eyes are restless to see him.
ஆரஞ உ%றன க .
$? .0 ;$)
$" 1
.."" &$ ;$) P?
%
.ٕ
Her eyes do not sleep whether he comes or not. They suffer all the time.
119. பச ப'வர
பபியா உைரேகா
( ) பிற.
Q .)
P$ :8 5)
$'E "
G 4 B(
She willingly consented to part with her lover and now she cannot complain of her
lovesickness.
அவத'தா எ8 தைகயா இவத'ெத 1182
கள பச.2
பிறேவா .
பச.I வ
ேமனி .
*
32$ 5 1 :"
.<E
;5
.)!
The moment she moved away from her lover's embrace, pallor seized her
immediately.
பச'தா இவஎப அலா இவைள!
( ) 1188
ற'தா அவஎபா இ .
$ @% G %
.M 9) $ . .( .0
She is willing to suffer from pallor, so as to let her lover prosper in a distant land.
பச.ெபன. ேபெப1த நேற நய.பி!தா 1190
- . <
< 0
.& $ F 3&( 9) < 8 $'(
They who love and are loved alone are blessed. They gain the seedless fruit of love.
வா:வா வான பய'த%றா E:வா 1192
- <
52
.$
52 = &
The lover's kindness to his beloved is similar to the timely rain to the world.
EGந Eழ. ப*வா அைமCேம ( ) 1193
-
. $5! B(
.!$
Her love is of no use at all if she is not loved by her beloved husband.
§ÚdÏ\s 245
Q
. . .( .0 P3 B . <
..:"( 9) ."$?" .":( = 3 &
One-sided love causes sufferings. Mutual love is pleasant like the balanced weight
on shoulder-poles.
ப,வர ைபத காணாெகா காம 1197
5
7 ME 92
.$? F Fa E F
The god of love tortures only the maiden without knowing her pallor and grief.
E:வாாி இெசா ெபறாஅ( ) உலக! 1198
வா:வாாி வகணா இ .
&
1( S! .5 9) 8" "
. $ 9!
There is no one bolder than a woman who endures life without her lover's sweet words.
இைசC ெசவி
இனிய .
ெசறாஅஅ
ெநவாழிய .
#'+ (
' - Sad Memories of Love
உளி8 தீரா. ெப,மகி: ெச
தலா 1201
நிைன.ப வ,வெதா1 இ .
ஓஒ உளேரஅவ .
.(! 5
- $ $(! &
He always dwells in her heart but she doubts if she has a place in his heart.
தெநச! எைம க>ெகாடா நாணாெகா
( ) 1205
எெநச! வர
( ) ஓவா .
காதல ெச
C சிற.2 .
122. கனநிைல(ைர த
- #.'.
1 - Relating Her Dreams
காதல Lெதா* வ'த கனவி8 1211
யா ெச
ேவெகா வி,' .
1: :" B(
!< 3! 0
7 ;
She would like to honour the dream that comforts her with a message from her beloved.
கயக யானிர.ப! சி கல'தா ( ) 1212
உயைம சா%1ேவ ம .
$ ;$) $ 0
. 2 322 .) -"=5
She tries to sleep so that she can tell her painful sufferings to her lover in her dream.
நனவினா நகா தவைர கனவினா 1213
காதல நீகல ம .
. $ M: F
.#2"!F F0
If there was no such time as waking hours, her lover, who appeared in her dreams,
would never part.
நனவினா நகா ெகா>யா கனவி னா 1217
எஎைம. 9ழி. ப .
V
$ $ 3#2 $? F <
C$8
Her unkind lover gave her no pleasure in waking hours. So he has no right to trouble
her in her dreams.
கா ேதாேமல ஆகி விழிகா 1218
$
0 2$
. 90 S!"
7 #2"! ٕ
When she is asleep, he rests on her shoulders. When she is awake, he hides in her heart.
நனவினா நகாைர ேநாவ கனவினா 1219
காதல தவ
காணா .
1A & ?"
"
.3#2 -0 ("E"
Women who have never met their lovers in dreams complain of her lovers' absence
while awake.
நனவினா நநீ!தா ப கனவினா எ 1220
வகண ேதாநி ைண .
P=
'"" .?" !-V @! &
= <2 !
Evening time is sad and pale and so its lover must also be unkind like her lover.
பனிஅ,பி. ைபதெகா மாைல னிஅ,பி! 1223
ப வ,வளர .
ஏதில வ,
ேபால .
மாைலA ெச
த பைக.
மாைலேநா
ெச
த மண'தா அகலாத 1226
காைலஅறி'த திேல .
U8
)( 5 N
.@! 5? M'"
= ?( 8
=
Her lovesickness buds in the morning, grows all day and blossoms in the evening.
மாCஎ உயி
மாயா .
P0 C
3E <!(
A $ ; <
.!
. W4" U .'( @! -"(" 0
Thinking of her parted lover bent on making wealth, she is slowly dying in this
bewildering evening.
§ÚdÏ\s 252
124. உ நலனழித
&
4
"
- Losing Physical Beauty
சி1ைம நமெகாழியA ேச)ெசறா உளி 1231
ந1மல க
நாணின .
$( $ 5 90 $) ! ; < (
.@
?A 90 .#$" F "8 $)
7 M$ < 9"
Thinking of her lover, who had gone away, her eyes have lost their grace and feel
shy to see flowers.
நய'தவ நகாைம ெசாவ ேபா 1232
பச' பனிவா, க .
&?
3 &2") $(
.M: 9) c8" 3:$ 8 ./
Her shoulders that swelled on her marriage day have now shrunk as if to proclaim his
separation.
பைணநீகி. ைப'ெதா> ேசா, ைணநீகி! 1234
$
"E $$? -$0
.3:$ ") . "! 1!$
A
She can bear her arms becoming thin and bangles slipping down but not her lover
being rebuked.
பா* ெப1திேயா ெநேச ெகா>யாெக 1237
ேபைத ெப,மைழ க .
ஒ-த ெச
த க* .
எJவேநா
தீ ம,' .
_" F !
!.? J :E @5 .)
She seeks prescription of some medicine to cure her incurable lovesickness.
காத அவாில ேநாவஆகநீ 1242
ைபதேநா
ெச
தாக இ .
$)
7 4 90 ! 0 !;5
.$1"2"! Fٕ -" .)?
" &$A
She is pleading to her heart to take her eyes to the lover. Or else her eyes will kill her.
ெச%றா எனைக விடஉேடா ெநேசயா 1245
உ%றா தவ
உறாஅ .
ெபா
கா
< கா
திஎ ெந .
பிெசவா
ேபைதஎ ெந .
.(! !;54G
-$) _" 9$'
As her lover is residing within her heart, her heart need not search for him elsewhere.
126. நிைறயழித
-
6.4 5* ," - Losing self-restraint
எ%ெறைன உ%ற ய .
P
H @E ; ;5
!$ :$"! < @ ;
. 5
Lovesickness is such a horrible thing that makes her go after her unkind lover, who
parted with her.
நாெணன ஒேறா அறியல காம!தா 1257
"=$ U8
..$: <
1( 1 -5&"
The tempting words of the deluding lover are the weapons that break the feminine
firmness.
2ல.ப எனAெசேற 2@ேன ெநச 1259
V 0
2 F
E
< $ 2!
.- .G % V!"! < .J" .2 F @!$ (
It is impossible to feign sulking for maidens who melt like fat in fire while making love.
§ÚdÏ\s 258
நாெளா%றி! ேத
'த விர .
கலகழிC நீ!
காாிைக .
!$
0 !"258
.3$ ;5 . "! !$"
5!:
When she forgets her lover, she becomes thin, her bangles slide and she loses her
beauty and grace.
உரநைசஇ உள ைணயாகA ெசறா 1263
EA
58
5 )
.4A 9) C"!
The swells in great delight to see the return of her separated lover with renewed love.
காகம ெகாகைன கணார கடபி 1265
ைபதேநா
எலா ெகட.
C"
= $? .0
." E"
52
The return of her lover and their union will drive away all her lovesickness.
2ல.ேபெகா 2ேவ ெகாேலா கல.ேபெகா 1267
மாைலஅயக வி,' .
3884 J" &"!
.&
) J" (
Like the hidden fragrance in the bud there is some hidden significance in the smile of
this simple lady.
ெசறிெதா> ெச
திற'த கள உ1 ய 1275
V
3:4 " E0
.55E "8 @5
The secret sign of his bangled wife has a remedy to cure his lovesickness.
§ÚdÏ\s 261
Z 5 !
)? ; Z < 3: ) ;5 "!
.-: "
Her bangles foretold the departure of her lover, who is the chief of the cool seashore.
ெந,ந%1A ெசறாஎ காதல யா6 1278
எGநாேள பச'
ேமனி .
அஃதா டவெச
த .
காமேநா
ெசா@ இர< .
129. ண
சி விப
- &
9+ - Longing for Sex
உள களி!த மகி:த
காண 1281
< 3
H ( :$ <"
.2 -E 5$) B1! .(
Joy at the mere thought and cheer at the very sight of the lover belong not to liquor
but to lust.
திைன! ைணC ஊடாைம ேவ* பைன! ைணC 1282
காம வாி
நிைறய .
EA )
H f 0
.2
E
G 1
When passionate love is very intense, there should be no sulking even as small as a millet.
ேபணா ெப)பேவ
யி8 ெகாகைன
ெச 1283
க
காணா தைமயல .
$ ( -
<
.-" . ;#$ CE" F
Though he does as he pleases without caring for her, her eyes will find no rest unless
they see him.
ஊட%க ெசேறம அ மற' ேதாழி 1284
$ட%க ெசற எ ெந .
உ
!த அறி' 2னபா
பவேரேபா 1287
ெபா
!த அறி'ெத 2ல' .
130. ெந,ெசா- ல த
- 7 8 #'
- Rebuking the Heart
அவெந அவகாத க* எவெநேச
( ) 1291
நீஎம த ஆகா .
.-
;
" !)
8$
# -$ .#"
Her heart goes after her lover hoping that the ruined have no friends.
இனிஅன நிெனா* S:வாயா ெநேச 1294
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When she yields to him without even a sulk, none will discuss the joy of sulk with her.
ெபறாஅைம அ ெபறிபிாி< அ 1295
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When she is alone pondering over her lover's separation, her grief affects her body
and soul.
நா- மற'ேத அவமற கலாஎ 1297
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Just as salt is to food, sulk is to sex, Prolonged sulk is like excess of salt in food.
அல'தாைர அலேநா
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To leave the sulking woman without fond embrace is like grieving one already in agony.
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Not to comfort a sulking maiden is like cutting the root of a withering creeper.
நல!தைக நலவ ஏஎ 2ல!தைக 1305
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The lovers' sulking in excess puts to doubt whether the union will last long or not.
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There is no use in wailing when the beloved one is not by the side to feel and comfort.
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When he sneezed, she blessed. Soon she cried who thought of him and he sneezed.
6A ெச1.ப அGதா Kமஉள 1318
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In the game of sulk, the loser actually wins. This will be known in the bliss of their union.
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He can get more delight in feigned dislike than the joy of sex.
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