FATHER SATURNINO URIOS UNIVERSITY

College of Law
LABOR LAW II
Second Semester S.Y. 2019-2020

COURSE OUTLINE

Instructor: Atty. Dendo G. Udarbe

I. RIGHT TO SECURITY OF TENURE (Articles 293-295 [279-281] of the Labor Code)

Reference: The Labor Code with Comments and Cases, Volume II, C.A. AZUCENA

A. CONCEPT; CONSTITUTIONAL & STATUTORY BASIS (Art.293)

B. CLASSIFICATION & KINDS OF EMPLOYMENT (Articles 294 & 295)

C. CLASSIFICATION OF EMPLOYMENT UNDER THE LABOR CODE

1. AS TO NATURE OF EMPLOYMENT

a. Regular
i. Permanent
ii. Probationary
CASES:
● Cals Poultry Supply Corp. vs. Yap, G.R. No. 150660, July 30, 2002
● Alcira vs. NLRC, G.R. No. 149859, June 9, 2004
● Mitsubishi Motors Phils. Corp. vs. Chrysler Phils. Labor Union, G.R. No. 148738, June 29, 2004
● Robinsons Galleria/Robinsons Supermarket Corp. and/or Jess Manuel vs. Irene R. Ranchez, G.R. No.
177937, January 19, 2011.
● St. Paul College Quezon City, et al. vs. Remigio Michael A. Ancheta II and Cynthia A. Ancheta, G.R. No. 169905.
September 7, 2011
● Tamson’s Enterprises, Inc., et al. vs. Court of Appeals and Rosemarie L. Sy, G.R. No. 192881. November 16,
2011
● Manila Electric Company vs. Jan Carlo Gala, G.R. No. 191288. March 7, 2012
● Armando Ailing vs. Jose B. Feliciano, Manuel F. San Mateo III, et al., G.R. No. 185829. April 25, 2012.
● Armando Ailing vs. Jose B. Feliciano, Manuel F. San Mateo III, et al., G.R. No. 185829. April 25, 2012.
● Mylene Carvajal vs. Luzon Development Bank and/or Oscar Z. Ramirez. G.R. No. 186169, August 1, 2012.
● Atlanta Industries, Inc. and/or Robert Chan vs. Aprilito R. Sebolino, et al., G.R. No. 187320, January 26,
2011.
● Gregorio V. Tongko vs. The Manufacturers Life Insurance Co. (Phils.), Inc. and Renato A. Vergel de
Dios, G.R. No. 167622, January 25, 2011

b. Casual
CASE:
● Philippine Charity Sweepstakes Office Board of Directors and Reynaldo P. Martin v. Marie Jean C. Lapid, G.R. No.
191940. April 12, 2011

c. Project
CASE:
● Exodus International Construction Corporation, et al. v. Guillermo Biscocho, et al., G.R. No. 166109, February 23,
2011
● D.M. Consunji, Inc. and/or David M. Consunji vs. Estelito, G.R. No. 192514, April 18, 2012.

d. Seasonal
CASE:
● Universal Robina Sugar Milling Corporation and Cabati v. Acibo et. al., G.R. NO. 186439, JANUARY 15, 2014

e. Fixed Term

2. AS TO RANK
a. Managerial
b. Supervisory
c. Rank and File

D. OTHER CLASSIFICATION OF EMPLOYMENT

1. Construction Industries (Department Order No. 19, Series of 1993)
2. TV and Radio Broadcasting Industries
CASES:
● Sonza v. ABS-CBN, G.R. No. 138051, 431 SCRA 583, 06.10.04
Farley Fulache et.al., v. ABS-CBN, G.R. No. 183810, 610 SCRA 567, 01.27.2010

3. Hospitals
CASES:
● UERMMMC-RDU v. The Hon.Undersecretary of Labor, Bienvenido Laguesma, et.al. G.R. Nos. 125425-26, 11.24.93
● Calamba Medical Center, Inc. v. NLRC, et.al., G.R. No. 176484, 11.25.08

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 ● Ramos vs. CA, G.R. No. 124354. April 11, 2002
● Professional Services, Inc. v. CA, G.R. No. 126297, February 02, 2010

4. Private Education Institutions (SEE: Manual of Regulations for Private Schools)

E. EXCEPTIONS TO REGULAR EMPLOYMENT; SCOPE OF SECURITY OF TENURE

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II. MANAGEMENT PREROGATIVE

A. CONCEPT
CASES:
● Bisig Manggagawa sa Tryco, et. al., vs. NLRC, G.R. No. 151309, 15 October 2008
● Manila Jockey Club Employees Labor Union-PTGWO v. Manila Jockey Club, Inc., G.R. No. 167760, 07 March 2007
● Capitol Medical Center v. Meris, G.R. No. 155098, 470 SCRA 125, 15 September 2005

B. ELEMENTS FOR A VALID EXERCISE

CASE:
● San Miguel Corporation et.al., v. Layoc, et.al., G.R. No. 149640, Oct 19, 2007

C. LIMITATIONS
CASE:
● Philippine Airlines, Inc. v. NLRC, 225 SCRA 301

D. SCOPE
1. Hiring
CASE:
● Wiltshire File Co. v. NLRC, G.R. No. 82249, 193 SCRA 665

2. Promotion
CASE:
● Almodiel v. NLRC, 223 SCRA 341

3. Demotion / Suspension
CASE:
● Primo E. Caong, Jr., et al. vs. Avelino Regualos, G.R. No. 179428, January 26, 2011.

4. Transfer
CASES:
● PT&T vs.. Laplana, 199 SCRA 485
● Blue Diary Corp. v. NLRC, 314 SCRA 401
● Pharmacia & UPJOHN, Inc. v. Albayda, Jr., G.R. No. 172724, August 23, 2010
● Zafra et al. v. CA et al., 389 SCRA 200
● PT&T v. CA et al., G.R. No. 152057, 09.29.2003
● Philippine Industrial Security Agency Corp. v. Dapitan, 320 SCRA 124
● Consolidated Food Corp. v. NLRC, 315 SCRA 129
● Josephine Ruiz vs. Wendel Osaka Realty Corp., et al. G.R. No. 189082, July 11, 2012.

5. Dismissal
CASES:
● Farrol v. CA, 325 SCRA 311
● MANILA WATER COMPANY v. CARLITO DEL ROSARIO, G.R. No. 188747, January 29, 2014
● Salvador O. Mojar, et al. vs. Agro Commercial Security Service Agency, et al. G.R. No. 187188, June 27, 2012
● Philbag Industrial Manufacturing Corp. vs. Philbag Workers Union-Lakas at GabayngManggagawangNagkakaisa. G.R. No.
182486, June 20, 2012

6. Reorganization & Abolition of positions

CASES:
● Aurelio v. NLRC, 221 SCRA 432
● Golden Thread Knitting v. NLRC, 304 SCRA 568
● Pantranco North Express, Inc. v. NLRC 314 SCRA 740
● Pantoja v. SCA Hygiene Products Corp., G.R. No. 163554, 04.23.10
● Jonathan V. Morales vs. Harbour Centre Port Terminal, Inc., G.R. No. 174208, January 25, 2011

7. Employment policies & Stipulations e.g. restrictive covenant clauses, non-competing clause & competitive employment ban, no spouse
employment policy
CASES:
● Star Paper v. Simbol, G.R. No. 164774, 487 SCRA 228, 04.12.2006
● Duncan Assn. of Detailamn –PGTWO v. Glaxo Wellcome Phils., G.R. No. 162994, 438 SCRA 343, 09.17.2004
● Armando Yrasuegui v. PAL, Inc., G.R. No. 168081, 10.17.2008
● Avon Cosmetics v. Leticia Luna, G.R. No. 153647, 12.20.2006
● St. Luke’s Medical Center Employees Union – AFW v. NLRC, G.R. No. 162053, 517 SCRA 677, 03.07.2007

8. Early retirement program, Voluntary resignation program, Job evaluation program

CASES:
● Leonardo v. NLRC, 333 SCRA 589
● Rodolfo Luna vs. Allado Construction Company, Inc. and/or Ramon Allado, G.R. No. 175251, May 30, 2011.
● Ernesto Ymbong vs. ABS-CBN Broadcasting Corporation, Veranda Sy& Dante Luzon, G.R. No. 184885. March 7, 2012.

9. Bonuses, Change of working hours, “prior approval” leave policy

CASES:
● Producers Bank of the Philippines v. NLRC, 355 SCRA 489
● Lepanto Ceramics, Inc. v. Lepanto Ceramics Employees Association, G.R. No. 180866, 02 March 2010
● Interphil laboratories Employees Union-FFW v. Interphil Laboratories, Inc., 373 SCRA 658
● Malayan Employees Association – FFW v. Malayan Insurance Co., Inc., G.R. No. 181357, 02 February 2010

III. TERMINATION OF EMPLOYMENT

A. EMPLOYERS RIGHT TO DISCIPLINE; CONCEPT
CASE:

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 ● Negros Slashers, Inc., Rodolfo C. Alvarez and Vicente Tan vs. Alvin L. Teng, G.R. No. 187122, February 22, 2012.

B. DEFINITIONS
CASE:
● Romeo Villaruel vs. Yeo Han Guan, doing business under the name and style Yuhans Enterprises, G.R. No. 169191, June 1, 2011

1. Actual Dismissal
2. Constructive Dismissal

CASES:
● The University of the Immaculate Conception, et al. vs. NLRC, et al., G.R. No. 181146, January 26, 2011.
● Nationwide Security and Allied Services, Inc. v. Ronald P. Valderama, G.R. No. 186614, February 23, 2011
● William Endeliseo Barroga vs. Data Center College of the Philippines, et al., G.R. No. 174158. June 27, 2011
● Nippon Housing Phil. Inc., et al. vs. Maiah Angela Leynes, G.R. No. 177816, August 3, 2011.
● Francis Bello, represented herein by his daughter and attorney-in-fact, Geraldine Bello-Ona vs. Bonifacio Security Services, Inc. and
Samuel Tomas, G.R. No. 188086, August 3, 2011.
● United Laboratories, Inc. vs.Jaime Domingo Substituted by his spouse Carmencita Punzalan Domingo, et al., G.R. No. 186209,
September 21, 2011
● Jonathan V. Morales vs. Harbour Centre Port Terminal, Inc., G.R. No. 174208, January 25, 2012.
C. GROUNDS FOR TERMINATION OF EMPLOYMENT
1. Substantive
a. Just Causes (Art. 296 [Art. 282])
b. Authorized Causes (Art. 297 [Art. 283])

SEE ALSO: Similarities and Distinctions between Just Causes and Authorized Causes

2. Procedural
a. Prior notice and hearing
b. 30-day prior notice
CASE:
● Robinsons Galleria/Robinsons Supermarket Corp. and/or Jess Manuel vs. Irene R. Ranchez, G.R. No. 177937, January 19,
2011.

D. TERMINATION BY EMPLOYER; Just causes for termination; (Art. 296 [Art. 282])
1. SERIOUS MISCONDUCT; Concept; Elements
CASES:
● Austria vs. NLRC, G.R. No. 124382, August 16, 1999
● PLDT vs. NLRC, G.R. No. 80609 August 23, 1988
● NLRC vs. Salgarino, G.R. No. 164376, July 31, 2006
● Llamas vs. Ocean Gateway, G.R. No. 179293, August 14, 2009
● Joeb M. Aliviado, et al. vs. Procter and Gamble Phils., Inc., et al., G.R. No. 160506, June 6, 2011.
● NormanYabut vs. Manila Electric Company and Manuel M. Lopez, G.R. No. 190436, January 16, 2012

2. WILLFUL DISOBEDIENCE ; Concept; Elements

CASES:
● Gold City Integrated Port Services, Inc. v. NLRC, G.R. No. 86000, September 21, 1990
● Permex, Inc. vs. NLRC, G.R. No. 125031, January 24, 2000
● Aparente vs. NLRC, G.R. No. 117652, April 27, 2000
● Nuez vs. NLRC, G.R. No. 107574 December 28, 1994
● Lores Realty Enterprises, Inc., Lorenzo Y. Sumulong III v. Virginia E. Pacia, G.R. No. 171189, March 9, 2011
● Realda v. New Age Graphics, Inc. et. al. G.R. No. 192190, April 25, 2012.
● Kakampi and its members, et al. v. Kingspoint Express and Logistic and/or Mary Ann Co, G.R. No. 194813, April 25, 2012.

3. GROSS AND HABITUAL NEGLECT OF DUTIES; Concept; Elements

CASES:
● Garcia v. NLRC, G.R. No. 119527, July 3, 1996
● Challenge Socks v. CA, G.R. No. 165268, November 8, 2005
● Hospital Management Services – Medical Center Manila vs. Hospital Management Services, Inc. – Medical Center Manila Employees
Association-AFW., G.R. No. 176287, January 31, 2011.
● Nissan Motors Phils., Inc. vs. Victorino Angelo, G.R. No. 164181. September 14, 2011
● Philippine National Bank vs. Dan Padao, G.R. Nos. 180849 and 187143. November 16, 2011.
● Mansion Printing Center and Clement Cheng vs. DiosdadoBitara, Jr., G.R. No. 168120, January 25, 2012

4. FRAUD; Concept; Elements

CASE:
● San Miguel Corporation v. NLRC, G.R. No. 82467 June 29, 1989

5. WILLFUL BREACH OF TRUST & LOSS OF CONFIDENCE; CONCEPT; ELEMENTS

CASES:
● National Sugar Refineries Corp. vs. NLRC, G.R. No. 122277 February 24, 1998
● Falguera vs. Linsangan, G.R. No. 114848 December 14, 1995

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 ● James Ben L. Jerusalem v. Keppel Monte Bank, et al., G.R. No. 169564. April 6, 2011
● Elmer Lopez vs. Keppel Bank Philippines, Inc. et al., G.R. No. 176800. September 5, 2011
● Pamela Florentina P. Jumuad vs. Hi-Flyer Food, Inc. and/or Jesus R. Montemayor, G.R. No. 187887. September 7, 2011
● Joeb M. Aliviado, et al. vs. Procter and Gamble Phils., Inc., et al., G.R. No. 160506, June 6, 2011
● Grand Asian Shipping Lines Inc., Francisco and How Vs. Galvez et. al. G.R. No. 178184, January 29, 2014
● Lolita S. Concepcion vs. Minex Import Corporation/Minerama Corporation, et al., G.R. No. 153569, January 24, 2012
● Blue Sky Trading Company, Inc. et al. vs. Arlene P. Blas and Joseph D. Silvano, G.R. No. 190559. March 7, 2012
● Manila Electric Company (Meralco) vs. Ma. Luisa Beltran, G.R. No. 173774, January 30, 2012.
● Dolores T. Esguerra vs. Valle Verde Country Club, Inc. and Ernesto Villaluna. G.R. No. 173012, June 13, 2012.
● Manila Electric Company (Meralco) vs. Herminigildo H. Dejan. G.R. No. 194106, June 18, 2012
● Romeo E. Paulino vs. NLRC, Philippine Long Distance Co., Inc. G.R. No. 176184, June 13, 2012
● Vicente Villanueva, Jr. vs.. The National Labor Relations Commission, Third Division, Manila Electric Company, Manuel Lopez,
Chairman and CEO, and Francisco Collantes, Manager. G.R. No. 176893, June 13, 2012.

6. COMMISSION OF A CRIME OR OFFENSE AGAINST THE PERSON OF HIS EMPLOYER, IMMEDIATE MEMBER OF THE FAMILY OR HIS DULY
AUTHORIZED REPRESENTATIVE

7. ANALOGOUS CASES
a. Sexual Harrasment
CASES:
● Libres v. NLRC, G.R. No. 123737. May 28, 1999
● Villarama v. NLRC, G.R. No. 106341 September 2, 1994
● Veloso v. Caminade, July 8, 2004
● Aquino v. Acosta, April 2, 2002
● Paisto v. Mamento, October 1, 2003

b. Abandonment; Requisites
CASES:
● Agabon v. NLRC, November 17, 2004
● E.G. & I. Construction Corporation and Edsel Galeos v. Ananias P. Sato, et al., G.R. No. 182070, February 16, 2011
● Harpoon Marine Services, Inc., et al. v. Fernan H. Francisco, GR No. 167751, March 2, 2011.
● Alert Security and Investigation Agency, Inc., et al. vs. Saidali Pasawilan, et al., G.R. No. 182397. September 14, 2011
● Polyfoam-RGC International, Corporation and Precilla A. Gramaje vs. Edgardo Concepcion. G.R. No. 172349, June 13, 2012.

c. Conflict of Interest
CASES:
● GT Printers v. NLRC, G.R. No. 100749 April 24, 1992
● Duncan Assn. of Detailamn –PGTWO v. Glaxo Wellcome Phils., G.R. No. 162994, 438 SCRA 343, 09.17.2004

d. Attitude Problem

e. Poor performance or gross inefficiency

CASE:
● Eastern Overseas Employment Center v. Cecilia, G.R. NO. 143023, Novermber 29, 2005
● Graphics, Inc.. Realda v. New Age Graphics, Inc. et. al. G.R. No. 192190, April 25, 2012.

f. Drug Use
CASE:
● Roquero v. PAL, G.R. No. 152329, April 22, 2003

SEE: RA 9165, Art. III (d); Random drug testing requirements

E. PROCEDURAL REQUIREMENTS (Just Causes)

1. TWIN NOTICE AND HEARING RULE; Three (3) Requisites
SEE: Art. 277 LC read in conjunction with its IRR

2. Principle of Discretionary Justice

F. CLOSURE OF ESTABLISHMENT AND REDUCTION OF PERSONNEL; Authorized causes for termination (Art. 297 [Art.283]); 30-day Prior Notice Rule;
Procedure

a. INSTALLATION OF LABOR SAVING DEVICES; Concept; Purpose

CASES:
● Philippine Sheet Metal Worker’s Union v. CIR, 83 Phil. 453
● Agustillo v. CA, G.R. No. 142875, September 7, 2001
● Magnolia Dairy Products Corporation vs. NLRC, G.R. No. 114952, January 29, 1996

b. REDUNDANCY; Concept
CASES:
● Wiltshire File Co., v. NLRC, G.R. No. 82249 February 7, 1991
● Coats Manila Bay vs. Ortega, G.R. No. 172628, February 13, 2009
● Asufrin vs. San Miguel Corporation, G.R. No. 156658. March 10, 2004
● Caltex vs. NLRC, G.R. No. 159641, October 15, 2007
● De Ocampo vs. NLRC, G.R. No. 101539 September 4, 1992
● Serrano vs. NLRC, G.R. No. 117040. January 27, 2000
● Nelson A. Culili v. Eastern Telecommunications Philippines, Inc., et al. G.R. No. 165381, February 9, 2011

Page 5 of 10
 c. RETRENCHMENT; Criteria in selecting employees to be dismissed; Basic requirements of a valid retrenchment; Standards which justify
retrenchment
CASES:
● Alabang Country Club vs. NLRC, G.R. No. 157611, August 9, 2005
● Lopez Sugar Corporation vs. Federation of Free Workers, G.R. Nos. 75700-01, August 30, 1990
● Edge Apparel Inc. vs. NLRC, G.R. No. 121314, February 12, 1998
● Sebuguero vs. NLRC, G.R. No. 115394 September 27, 1995
● Plastimer Industrial Corporation and Teo Kee Bin v. Natalia C. Gopo, et al., G.R. No. 183390, February 16, 2011
● International Management Services/Marilyn C. Pascual vs. Roel P. Logarta, G.R. No. 163657, April 18, 2012
● International Management Services/Marilyn C. Pascual vs. Roel P. Logarta, G.R. No. 163657, April 18, 2012
● Waterfront Cebu City Hotel vs. Ma. Melanie P. Jimenez, et al. G.R. No. 174214, June 13, 2012.
● Legend Hotel [Manila], owned by Titatium Corporation, et al. vs. Hernani S. Realuyo, also known as Joey Roa. G.R. No. 153511, July
18, 2012.
● Digital telecommunications phil., inc. Vs. Digitel employees union, gr no. 184903, oct. 10, 2012

SEE: DISTINCTIONS BETWEEN REDUNDANCY AND RETRENCHMENT

d. CLOSURE OF BUSINESS OPERATIONS

CASES:
● JAT General Services vs. NLRC, G.R. No. 148340, January 26, 2004
● La Union Cement Workers’ Union vs. NLRC, G.R. No. 174621, January 30, 2009
● Maya Farms Employees Organization vs. NLRC, G.R. No. 10625, December 28, 1994
● Mac Adams Union vs. Mac Adams, G.R. No. 141615, October 24, 2003

G. PROCEDURAL REQUIREMENTS (Authorized Causes)

a. 30-day prior notice rule
b. Criteria in Selection of Employee to be Dismissed
c. Separation Pay

H. EFFECTS OF DISMISSAL
a. With just or authorized cause; Compliance with due process
CASES:
● Juliet G. Apacible vs. Multimed Industries, et al., G.R. No. 178903, May 30, 2011
● NormanYabut vs. Manila Electric Company and Manuel M. Lopez, G.R. No. 190436, January 16, 2011.
● Romeo A. Galang vs. Citiland Shaw Tower, Inc. and VirgilioBaldemor, G.R. No. 173291, February 8, 2012.
● Armando Ailing vs. Jose B. Feliciano, Manuel F. San Mateo III, et al., G.R. No. 185829. April 25, 2012.
● Armando Ailing vs. Jose B. Feliciano, Manuel F. San Mateo III, et al., G.R. No. 185829. April 25, 2012.
● Kakampi and its members, et al. v. Kingspoint Express and Logistic and/or Mary Ann Co, G.R. No. 194813, April 25, 2012.
● Cosmos Bottling Corp. vs. Wilson Fermin/Wilson Fermin vs. Cosmos Bottling Corp. and Cecilia Bautista. G.R. No. 193676 & G.R. No.
194303. June 20, 2012.
● Alex Q. Naranjo, et al. vs. Biomedica Health Care, Inc., et al. G.R. No. 193789. September 19, 2012.

b. No just or authorized cause; No due process

i. Reinstatement
CASES:
● 3rd Alert Security and Detective Services, Inc. vs. RomualdoNavia. G.R. No. 200653, June 13, 2012.
● The New Philippine Skylanders, Inc. and/or Jennifer M. Enñ ano-Bote vs. Francisco N. Dakila. G.R. No. 199547. September
24, 2012
● Norkis trading corporation vs. Joaquin buena vista, et.al, g.r. No. 182018, october 10, 2012

ii. Entitlement to full back wages; definition of back wages;

CASE:
● Equitable PCI Bank v. Sadac, G.R. No. 164772, June 8, 2006
● Timoteo H. Sarona vs. National Labor Relations Commission, Royale Security Agency, et al., G.R. No. 185280, January 18,
2012.

iii. When reinstatement not possible; reasons

➢ Strained Relations
CASES:
● Robinsons Galleria/Robinsons Supermarket Corp. and/or Jess Manuel vs. Irene R. Ranchez, G.R. No. 177937,
January 19, 2011.
● Bernadeth Londonio and Joan Corcoro vs. Bio Research, Inc. and Wilson Y. Ang, G.R. No. 191459, January 17,
2011.
● Apo Chemical Manufacturing and Michael Cheng vs. Ronaldo A. Bides. G.R. No. 186002. September 19, 2012.

c. No just or authorized cause; With due process

d. With just or authorized cause; No due process

CASES:
● Wenphil Corp. v. NLRC, G.R. No. 80587, 8 February 1989, 170 SCRA 69.
● Serrano v. NLRC, G.R. No. 117040, 27 January 2000, 323 SCRA 445

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 ● Agabon v. NLRC, G.R. No. 158693, November 17, 2004
● Jaka Food Processing vs. Pacot, 2005, G.R. No. 151378. March 28, 2005
● Nelson A. Culili v. Eastern Telecommunications Philippines, Inc., et al. G.R. No. 165381, February 9, 2011
● Philippine Charity Sweepstakes Office Board of Directors and Reynaldo P. Martin v. Marie Jean C. Lapid, G.R. No. 191940. April 12,
2011
● Lolita S. Concepcion vs. Minex Import Corporation/Minerama Corporation, et al., G.R. No. 153569, January 24, 2012.
● Skippers United Pacific, Inc. and Skippers Maritime Services, Inc. Ltd. vs. Nathaniel Doza, et al., G.R. No. 175558. February 8, 2012
● Sebastian F. Oasay, Jr. vs. Palacio del Gobernador Condominium Corporation and Omar T. Cruz, G.R. No. 194306, February 6, 2012.
● Lynvil Fishing Enterprises, Inc. vs. Andres G. Ariola, et al., G.R. No. 181974, February 1, 2012.
● Norkis Distribution, Inc., et al. vs. Delfin S. Descallar, G.R. No. 185255. March 14, 2012
● Armando Ailing vs. Jose B. Feliciano, Manuel F. San Mateo III, et al., G.R. No. 185829. April 25, 2012.
● Prudential Guarantee and Assurance Employee Labor Union and Sandy T. Vallota vs. NLRC, Prudential Guarantee and Assurance Inc.,
and/or Jocelyn Retizos. G.R. No. 185335, June 13, 2012

I. CONSTRUCTIVE DISMISSAL; DEFINITION; EFFECT

CASES:
● Leonardo v. NLRC, June 16, 2000, G.R. 125303
● Julie’s Bakeshop and/or Edgar Reyes vs. Henry Arnaiz, et al., G.R. No. 173882, February 15, 2012.
● Ma. Melissa A. Galang vs. Julia Malasuqui, G.R. No. 174173. March 7, 2012
● Misamis Oriental II Electric Service Cooperative (MORESCO II) vs. Virgilio M. Cagalawan. G.R. No. 175170. September 5, 2012.

J. DISMISSAL BASED ON FALSE OR NON-EXISTENT CAUSE; EFFECT

CASE:
● Standard Electric Manufacturing Co. v. Standard Electric Employees Union G.R. No. 166111, August 25, 2005

K. PREVENTIVE SUSPENSION
SEE: DOLE Department Order No. 9, Series of 1997
CASES:
● Soriano v. NLRC, 155 SCRA 124
● Manila Pavilion Hotel, etc. vs. Henry Delada, G.R. No. 189947, January 25, 2012.

L. DAMAGES; FACTORS IN TEMPERING DAMAGES

IV. SUSPENSION OF BUSINESS OPERATIONS

A. BASIS AND MAXIMUM PERIOD ALLOWED (Art. 300 [Art. 286])
B. EFFECT ON EMPLOYMENT STATUS
C. FULFILLMENT OF MILITARY OR CIVIC DUTY; EFFECT
D. ANALOGOUS SITUATION: “TEMPORARY LAY-OFF” as a valid exercise of management prerogative
E. DISTINGUISHED FROM STOPPAGE OR SUSPENSION OF BUSINESS OPERATIONS (Art. 128[c], LC)
F. TEMPORARY OR PERIODIC SHUTDOWN & TEMPORARY CESSATION OF WORK (Section 7, Rule IV, Implementing Rules and Regulations)

V. DISEASE AS A GROUND FOR TERMINATION

A. REQUIREMENTS (Art. 298 [Art. 284]); SEE ALSO: Implementing Rules and Regulations
CASES:
● Sy vs. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 142293 February 27, 2003
● Alexander B. Gatus vs. Social Security System, G.R. No. 174725, January 26, 2011.
● Romeo Villaruel vs. Yeo Han Guan, doing business under the name and style Yuhans Enterprises, G.R. No. 169191, June 1, 2011

B. UNDER SPECIAL LAWS

a. Philippine Aids Prevention and Control Act of 1998 or RA 8504
b. DRUG-FREE Workplace Guidelines; DO No. 53-03, Series of 2003
c. SARS; SEE: DO No. 47-03
d. “Disability” under the Magna Carta for Disabled Persons (RA 7277)

CASES:
● Wilfredo Y. Antiquina v. Magsaysay Maritime Corporation and/or Master bulk Pte., Ltd., G.R. No. 168922. April 13, 2011
● Coastal Safeway Marine Services vs. Esguerra, G.R. No. 185352, August 10, 2011.
● Magsaysay Maritime Corporation, et al. vs. Oberto S. Lobusta, G.R. No. 177578, January 25, 2012
● Philasia Shipping Agency Corporation, et al. vs. Andres G. Toma cruz. G.R. No. 181180, August 15, 2012.
● Jessie V. David, represented by his wife, Ma. Theresa S. David, and children, Katherine and Kristina David vs. OSG Ship management
● Manila, Inc. and/or Michaelmar Shipping Services. G.R. No. 197205. September 26, 2012.

VI. OTHER CAUSES OF SEVERANCE OF EMPLOYMENT RELATION

A. RESIGNATION (Termination by employee) (Art. 299 [Art.285]); Payment of separation pay; Exceptions
CASE:
● Skippers United Pacific, Inc. and Skippers Maritime Services, Inc. Ltd. vs. Nathaniel Doza, et al., G.R. No. 175558. February 8, 2012

B. RETIREMENT (Art. 301 [Art. 287], as amended by RA 7641)

CASE:
● Bibiano C. Elegir vs. Philippine Airlines, Inc. G.R. No. 181995, July 16, 2012.

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VII. PRESCRIPTION OF CLAIMS
A. CLAIM FOR ILLEGAL DISMISSAL (Art. 1146, New Civil Code)
B. MONEY CLAIMS (Art. 291, LC)

CASES:
● INC. SHIPMANAGEMENT, INC., CAPTAIN SIGFREDO E. MONTERROYO AND/OR INTERORIENT NAVIGATION LIMITED v. ALEXANDER L.
MORADAS, G.R. No. 178564, January 15, 2014
● ALPHA SHIP MANAGEMENT CORPORATION/JUNEL M CHAN and/or CHUO-KAIUN COMPANY, LIMITED v. ELEOSIS V. CALO, G.R. No.
192034, January 13, 2014

C. CLAIM FOR ILLEGAL DISMISSAL WITH MONEY CLAIMS

D. UNFAIR LABOR PRACTICE
CASE:
● Social Security System vs. Efren Capada, et al., G.R. No. 168501, Jan 31, 2011.

X. JURISDICTION OF THE LABOR ARBITER

a. Original and exclusive of the Labor Arbiter (Art. 217)
b. Scope of Jurisdiction of Labor Arbiter
c. Concurrent jurisdiction of other agencies
SEE: Art. 129; Arts. 261-262; Art. 263(g); RA 7691
d. Labor dispute Art. 212(I) and Civil dispute distinguished
e. Labor dispute and intra-corporate dispute distinguished; SEE: RA 8799
CASES:
● The University of the Immaculate Conception, et al. vs. NLRC, et al., G.R. No. 181146, January 26, 2011.
● Renato Real vs. Sangu Philippines, Inc. et al., G.R. No. 168757. Jan 19, 2011.
● Paquito V. Ando v. Andresito Y. Campo, et al., G.R. No. 184007, Feb 16, 2011

XI. 2011 REVISED RULES OF PROCEDURE OF THE NLRC

a. Complaint; Cause of action; Real parties in interest;
CASES:
● Francis Bello, represented herein by his daughter and attorney-in-fact, Geraldine Bello-Ona vs. Bonifacio Security Services, Inc. and Samuel
Tomas, G.R. No. 188086, August 3, 2011.
b. Amendment of complaint
c. Venue and Jurisdiction (Art. 129 & Art. 217);SEE ALSO: Money claims of OFW
CASE:
● Claudio S. Yap vs. Thenamaris Ship’s Management and Intermare Maritime Agencies, Inc., G.R. No. 179532, May 30, 2011

d. Service of summons; to natural & juridical persons;

e. Raffle & assignment of cases
f. Appearances of lawyers & non-lawyers
g. Grounds to dismiss complaint; Prescription of money claims (Art. 291);
h. Prohibited pleadings & motions
i. Conciliation& Mediation conference
j. Compromise before Regional Director (Art. 227) & Labor Arbiter (Art.2028, New Civil Code)
k. Submission of position papers; Contents of position paper
l. Quantum of evidence & burden of proof; Technical rules of procedure (Art.221)
CASES:
● E.G. & I. Construction Corporation and Edsel Galeos v. Ananias P. Sato, et al., G.R. No. 182070, February 16, 2011
● Exodus International Construction Corporation, et al. v. Guillermo Biscocho, et al., G.R. No. 166109, February 23, 2011

m. Appeal Procedure (Art.223);Appeal fee & Posting of bond; Frivolous or Dilatory Appeals;

SEE ALSO: NLRC En Banc Res. No. 08-07, series of 2007 effective June 24, 2007 New Schedule of Legal Fees
CASES:
● Banahaw Broadcasting Corporation vs. Cayetano PACANa III, et al, G.R. No. 171673, May 30, 2011.
● Miguel Dela Pena Barairo vs. Office of the President and MST Marine Services (Phils.) Inc., G.R. No. 189314. June 15, 2011.
● University Plansvs. Belinda P. Solano, et al., G.R. No. 170416, June 22, 2011
● Marticio Semblante and Dubrick Pilar vs. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 196426. August 15, 2011.

n. NLRC; Composition; Powers & Functions

CASE:
● Rodolfo Luna vs. Allado Construction Company, Inc. and/or Ramon Allado, G.R. No. 175251, May 30, 2011.

o. Finality of NLRC & Labor Arbiter’s decision & Execution of monetary judgment (SEE: NLRC Manual on Execution of Judgment); Pre-execution
conference; Quashal of writ of execution & third party claims
CASES:
● Paquito v. Ando v. Andresito Y. Campo, et al., G.R. No. 184007
● Filipinas Palmoil Processing, Inc. and Dennis T. Villareal v. Joel P. Dejapa, represented by his Attorney-in-Fact Myrna Manzano, G.R. No.
167332, February 7, 2011
● Pfizer, Inc., et al. v. Geraldine Velasco, G.R. No. 177467, March 9, 2011.
● Antonio B. Salenga, et al. vs. Court of Appeals G.R. No. 174941, Feb 1, 2012
● Estate of Nelson R. Dulay, represented by his wife Meddiry Jane P. Dulay vs. AboitizJebsen Maritime, Inc. and General Charterers, Inc. G.R.
No. 172642, June 13, 2012.

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 p. Special Civil Action (Rule 65, 1997 Rules of Civil Procedure);Petition for Review;(Rule 43 & Rule 45, 1997 Rules of Civil Procedure); Reglementary
periods
CASES:
● Wilfredo Y. Antiquina v. Magsaysay Maritime Corporation and/or Masterbulk Pte., Ltd., G.R. No. 168922. April 13, 2011
● Atok Big Wedge Company, Inc. vs. Jesus P. Gison, G.R. No. 169510, August 8, 2011.

q. Supreme Court Procedure (Rule 45, Civil Procedure)

CASES:
● Atlanta Industries, Inc. and/or Robert Chan vs. Aprilito R. Sebolino, et al., G.R. No. 187320, January 26, 2011.
● Prince Transport, Inc. and Mr. Renato Claros vs. Diosdado Garcia, et al., G.R. No. 167291, January 12, 2011.
● The Heritage Hotel Manila, acting through its owner, Grand Plaza Hotel, Corp. vs. National Union of Workers in the Hotel, Restaurant and
Allied Industries-Heritage Hotel Manila Supervisors Chapter (NUWHRAIN-HHMSC), G.R. No. 178296, January 12, 2011.
● Nelson A. Culili v. Eastern Telecommunications Philippines, Inc., et al. G.R. No. 165381, February 9, 2011
● William Endeliseo Barroga vs. Data Center College of the Philippines, et al., G.R. No. 174158. June 27, 2011
● Hypte R. Aujero vs. Philippine Communications Satellite Corporation, G.R. No. 193484, January 18, 2012

XII. RIGHT TO SELF-ORGANIZATION

a. Scope & Nature of Employee’s right; Constitutional & Statutory basis (Arts. 243 & 244 & DO No. 40-03, Series of 2003 as amended by DO Nos. 40-A-
03, 40-B-03 & 40-C-05);
b. Two (2) Concepts of Right to association
c. Purpose of exercise of right: two-fold
d. RA 9481 (Strengthening the Workers Right to Self-Organization, amending Arts.234,234-A, 238, 238-A, 239, 239-A, 242-A, 245, 245-A, 256, 257 &
258-A)
e. Non-abridgment of right to self-organization (Art. 246)
f. Union membership & formation of union; Who are qualified (see Art. 245, as amended)
CASE:
● San Miguel Foods, Inc. vs. San Miguel Corp. Supervisors and Exempt Union, G.R. No. 146206. August 1, 2011.

g. Registration of Union, and purpose; Jurisdiction and procedure; Juridical personality (Arts. 234 to 240, as amended); two fold procedure in creating a
chapter or local
h. Rights of legitimate labor organization (Arts. 242, as amended & 277)
i. Rights and Duties of union members & non-union members (Art. 241); Election of Union Officers
j. Check-off Provision (Art. 113 (b))
k. Disaffiliation: members & union
CASE:
● Cirtek Employees Labor Union-Federation of Free workers vs. Cirtek Electronics, Inc., G.R. No. 190515. June 6, 2011.

l. Intra-union & inter-union disputes: jurisdiction of BLR (Art.226); Other matters

m. Cancellation of union registration; Grounds, Jurisdiction & Procedure
n. Inquiry into union’s financial activities: Visitorial Power of the Secretary of Labor (Art.274)
CASE:
● Cirtek Employees Labor Union-Federation of Free workers vs. Cirtek Electronics, Inc., G.R. No. 190515. June 6, 2011.

o. Other powers of Secretary of Labor (Art. 273)

CASES:
● The Heritage Hotel Manila, acting through its owner, Grand Plaza Hotel, Corp. vs. National Union of Workers in the Hotel, Restaurant and
Allied Industries-Heritage Hotel Manila Supervisors Chapter (NUWHRAIN-HHMSC), G.R. No. 178296, January 12, 2011.
● Samahang Manggagawa sa Charter Chemical Solidarity of Unions in the Philippines for Empowerment and Reforms [SMCC-SUPER],
Zacarrias Jerry Victorio – Union President v. Charter Chemical and Coating Corporation, G.R. No. 169717, March 16, 2011.

XIII. RIGHTS OF LEGITIMATE LABOR ORGANIZATION

a. In general (Art. 242)
b. Exclusive bargaining agent; Purpose
c. Certification Process: Election & Voluntary recognition (Arts. 256 to 258, as amended by RA 9481)
CASES:
● Legend International Resorts Limited v. Kilusang Manggagawa ng Legenda, G.R. No. 169754, February 23, 2011
● San Miguel Foods, Inc. vs. San Miguel Corp. Supervisors and Exempt Union, G.R. No. 146206. August 1, 2011.

d. Scope: Bargaining unit; Jurisdictional preconditions to collective bargaining

CASE:
● San Miguel Foods, Inc. vs. San Miguel Corp. Supervisors and Exempt Union, G.R. No. 146206. August 1, 2011.

e. Duty to bargain with or without a CBA (Arts. 250 to 253);Four forms of violation of duty to bargain
f. Right to Collective Bargaining; Single enterprise bargaining or decentralized bargaining & Multi-employer bargaining (DO No. 40-03) & Industry-
wide bargaining
g. When to bargain
h. Contents of CBA: grievance machinery (Art. 260) & Union Security Clause; Sec. 49, Art.6, IRR of RA 9165 (drug free workplace);Mandatory subject of
bargaining; Impasse; Boulwarism
CASE:
● Bank of the Philippine Islands vs. BPI Employees Union-Davao Chapter-Federation of Unions in BPI Unibank, G.R. No. 164301. October 19,
2011

i. Ratification of CBA, when and when not needed & registration of CBA
j. Term of CBA: representation aspect; All other provisions (Art. 253-A) &
Renegotiation of CBA/Retroactivity
CASE:
● General Milling Corporation-Independent Labor Union [GMC-ILU] vs. General Milling Corporation/General Milling Corporation vs.General
Milling Corporation-Independent Labor Union [GMC-ILU], et al., G.R. Nos. 183122/183889, June 15, 2011.

k. Right to Financial Statements

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 l. Right to policy and decision making process (Art.255)
m. Right to engage in peaceful concerted activities (Art. 263)
n. Forms of concerted activities
o. Strike & Lock-out; Basis: Constitutional/ Statutory
p. Kinds and forms of Strike: Categories of illegal strike
CASES:
● Magdala Multipurpose & Livelihood, et al. vs. KMLMS, et al., G.R. No. 191138-39. October 19, 2011
● VISAYAS COMMUNITY MEDICAL CENTER (VCMC), Formerly known as METRO CEBU COMMUNITY HOSPITAL (MCCH) v. ERMA YBALLE,
NELIA ANGEL, ELEUTERIA CORTEZ and EVELYN ONG, G.R. No. 196156, January 15, 2014
● C. Alcantara& Sons, Inc. vs. Court of Appeals, et al./Nagkahiusang Mamumuosa Alsons-SPFL, et al. vs. C. Alcantara& Sons, Inc., et
al./Nagkahiusang Mamumuosa Alsons-SPFL, et al. vs. C. Alcantara& Sons, Inc., et al. G.R. No. 155109/G.R. No. 155135/G.R. No. 179220.
March 14, 2012

q. NCMB Manual of Procedure for Conciliation and Preventive Mediation

r. Strike, Notice of Strike & Strike area
CASE:
● Yolito Fadriquelan, et al. vs. Monterey Foods Corporation/Monterey Foods Corporation v. Bukluran ng mga Manggagawa sa Monterey-
ILAW, et al., G.R. No. 178409/G.R. No. 178434, June 8, 2011.

s. Where to file and who may file

t. Grounds for strike & lock-out
u. Validity of “no strike” clause
v. Strikeable issue& non-strikeable issue
w. Form of notice and contents
x. Prohibited activities (Art. 264); Assumption of jurisdiction by Sec. of Labor
y. Improved offer balloting (Art. 265)
z. Consequences of legal & illegal strike; Arrest and detention of union members (Art.266)
aa. Legal remedies by employer & union in case of strike/lock-out: Labor dispute (Art.212(I)); Jurisdiction & procedure before Labor Arbiter & Secretary
of Labor
bb. Innocent by-stander rule
cc. Anti-Injuction ban (Art. 254); “Freedom at the workplace”

XIV. UNFAIR LABOR PRACTICE

a. Requisites
b. Acts of ULP: employer & union (Arts. 248 & 249);
c. Definition of Terms: Surface bargaining; Blue sky bargaining; Featherbedding; Yellow dog contract; Run-away shop
d. Prescriptive period (Art. 290); Penal provision (Art.288)
e. Jurisdiction (Art.217) and procedure (Art.247)
f. Relief against ULP

CASES:
● Nelson A. Culili v. Eastern Telecommunications Philippines, Inc., et al. G.R. No. 165381, February 9, 2011
● Park Hotel, et al. vs. Manolo Soriano, et al. G.R. No. 171118. September 10, 2012.

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