(STEM_BIO11/12-IVa-h-1)

Detailed Lesson Plan

I. Objectives: At the end of the lesson, the students will be able to:

A. Describe different types of animals based on the osmolarity of their body fluids in relation
to the environment;
B. Connect the flow chart of urine formation.
C. Appreciate the role of the kidney in regulation of body fluids.

II. Subject Matter:

A. Topic: Regulation of Body Fluids

B. Reference:

A1. General Biology 2 (Published by the Commission on Higher

Education, 2016) Retrieved
https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B869YF0KEHr7RXVtMkJaS1lqYTQ/
view pages 194-203

B2. Essentials of Human Anatomy and Physiology by Elaine N.

Marieb sixth edition pages 456-476

B3. https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/what-is-an-
osmoconformer.html

B4. https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/bladder-
cancer/symptoms-causes/syc-20356104

B5. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l128tW1H5a8&t=497s

C. Materials: visual aids (pictures, powerpoint, video clips,whiteboard)

D. Science Concept:
 The urinary system, also known as excretory system,
consists of the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and the urethra.
 In humans the kidney plays a huge part in the
osmoregulation of the body’s internal environment.
E. Science Process: Explaining,Communicating And Describing
F. Values: appreciation, patience

III.Procedure:

Teacher’s Activity Learner’s Activity

 A. Preliminary Activities (take 5 mins)

1. Greetings

Good Morning Class! Good Morning Ma’am!

2. Prayer

To start our new day, let us all ask

for the guidance of God

Jane, will you come in front and lead a

prayer. Classmates, let us bow our heads and
feel the presence of God.

(Students will bow their heads and pray)

Dear God, that you for this wonderful
day that we have, that we are a part of
your creation. Thank you for our family,
classmates, and teachers for keeping us
in your loving and caring heart. In Jesus
name. Amen.

3. Classroom Management

Before you take your seats, kindly arrange (The students arranged their chairs)
your chairs properly and pick all the pieces
of paper.
Thank you, Ma’am.
You may now take your seats.

4. Review
Before we proceed to our next lesson, let’s
have first a review.
Kim, what was our lesson last meeting?
Ma’am our lesson last meeting is all
about pulmonary system.
Very Good!

Can you give us an example of an organ

which makes up the pulmonary system Ma’am right and left lung.
Patricia?

That’s right!

What else James? Ma’am right and left bronchus.

Very good! Anymore Karen?

Ma’am nostril and trachea.
That is correct!

5. Motivation
It seems that you understood our past
lesson. Class,

I have a question to all of you, what are the

possible consequences if there will be a
failure in the ability of the body to dispose or
eliminate toxic metabolic wastes?

(show sample pictures)

Students what is this? Any Idea? Ma’am that is a fecal impaction.

Very good, Lina. Doctors removed 28

pounds of feces from the bowels of a
man who was reportedly constipated
since birth.

Now class, what are your

observations about the first picture?
Ma’am that is a kidney stone

Very good class. That is a stone in

the kidney. Kidney stones form when
chemicals in the urine become
concentrated enough to form a solid
mass,
 Here is another picture. What do you
think is this? Ma’am that is a sample of a cancer in
the bladder.

Very good, That is correct! What do

you think happened here Marco? Ma’am I think due to smoking, your body
processes the chemicals in the smoke
and excretes some of them in your
urine. These harmful chemicals may
damage the lining of your bladder, which
can increase your risk of cancer.

Very good Marco! Smoking

cigarettes, cigars or pipes may
increase the risk of bladder cancer by
causing harmful chemicals to
accumulate in the urine.

And here is the last picture. Anyone

who has an idea about this?
Ma’am that is a person having a dialysis.

What you know about dialysis Kim?

That serves as a kidney for filtration of
blood if the person has acute renal
failure.
Very Kim, that is correct!
B. Presentation

Now that you all know some of the

things that may happen to our body if
we won’t be able to eliminate this
 waste product. Let us proceed first on
how our body mechanism may react
in regulating our body’s hemeostasis.
For us not to reach critical diseases
in our urinary system. Let us first
know the terms for us to be able to
understand more about
osmoregulation.
Now, I will show you jumbled letters to serve
as a clue on a word that I am trying to
identify.

. A. It is a water-based in which the Ma’am internal environment.

cells of the body exist. Composed of
the interstitial fluid and blood.

That is correct George. Next one.

B. It is the measure of solute Ma’am osmolarity.

concentration or the osmotic concentration.
It is expressed in milliosmoles per liter of a
solution.

Okay! Very Good! Next question is.

C. the diffusion of a solvent

through a membrane from a dilute solution Ma’am Osmosis.
into a more concentrated one.

Very Good Lana! that Is Correct!

D. It is the regulation of water and Ma’am osmoregulation

ion balance or to maintain homeostasis.
Correct Kit! Now, for the last question.

E. It is the elimination of metabolic Ma’am Excretion

wastes including nitrogenous wastes
produced from the breakdown of proteins.
This process also helps in the
regulation of water and ion balance.

Very Good Rachel!

C. Discussion

Okay students, since we finished defining

important terms related to the regulation of
body fluids. We will go now in describing
animals based on the osmolarity of their
body fluids in relation to the environment.
Here are some pictures of animals.
Classify them base on the osmolarity
of their body fluids in relation to their
environment.

Before we do this, let us first define

osmoconformers and ormoregulators.

When we say Osmoconformers what comes

into your mind? Ma’am, This animals allow the
osmolarity of their body fluids to match
that of the environment.
Yes, that is correct Emily.

When we say Osmoconformers these are

the animals that match their osmolarity of
their body fluids to the external environment.

Any other idea? Ma’am, this include most marine

invertebrates with body fluids that are
generally isosmotic to their
surroundings.

That is correct! Very good Joyce. So, most

marine invertebrates are classified as
osmoconformers.
But what about when it comes in
consumption of energy? Any idea?

Ma’am Osmoconformers consume little

or no energy in maintaining water
balance because their bodies are
isosmotic to water.

That is correct! Mildred. Because their

bodies are equal to the osmotic pressure
with their environment, there is no need for
energy.

Now, lets go to the next type of animals the

osmoregulators. When we say
ormoregulators what comes into your mind?
Anybody? From the word regulator?
In English we define it as what? Ma’am Regulator means automatically
controls something

Okay, that is correct Karen. By that, we can

say that osmoregulator is what? It is the
opposite of the osmoconformers.

Ma’am It keeps the osmolarity of body

fluids different from that of the
environment.
Correct! Very good Carlo. Any more
idea? Ma’am These include marine
vertebrates, birds, mammals.

Okay! That is Correct Jane.

Now that we know about these two Yes Ma’am!

classifications, are you ready to
classify this animals?

Alright! this are the pictures you need

to classify. Paste in on the board if it
is an osmoconformers or an
ormoregulators.

May you try to paste this one Allan. Yes Ma’am

How about picture number two?

George will you try?

Picture number three? Rica, try to

classify. Yes Ma’am

That is correct!

Next picture, Jane will you try?

Yes Ma’am
Very Good!

Another one, Teresa try to classify.

Yes, Ma’am
Nice Job!

Okay. How about you Jessica, will you try? Yes Ma’am

Excellent!

Next picture, Sophia try to classify. Yes Ma’am

 Very Good!

Another one, Andrew try to classify. Yes Ma’am

That is correct!

Sam, Try to Classify the next picture. Yes Ma’am

Very good!

Another one, Jaime? Try to classify.

Yes Ma’am
Nice job!
Jun, try to classify the next one.
Yes Ma’am

Alright! Very good students! Now you

understood about the
osmoconformers and the
osmoregulators.

I have two fishes here with me, one Ma’am in fresh water fish there is a
from the salt water and another one higher concentration inside the body.
from fresh water. Class, anyone who
can share what they observe on this
picture?

Alright! Very good Michael. The water

tends to go inside the fish.

What about the salt water fish? What did

you observe Karina? In salt water fish the water tends to go
outside the fish body.
Very good! This is due to osmosis
since there is a higher concentration
in the external environment of the fish
the water tends to go outside.

What will happen to the fish? It will be dehydrated

That is correct! But don’t you know that this

salt water fish continuously drinking water to
prevent dehydration.

3. Let’s Characterize the mammalian urinary

or excretory system:

Are you excited and curious to know about

mammalian excretory or urinary system?
 Alright, we will explore the organs.
There 5 parts that compose the urinary
system namely the Ureter, Urethra, renal
sphincter, bladder and lastly the kidney. the
ureters are tubes that carry urine from
kidney to bladder. The bladder stores the
urine allowing urination to be infrequent and
controlled. Urinary sphincter is use to inhibit
the release of urine. The urethra is the canal
through which urine passes from the bladder
to the outside of the body. the kidney which
serves as the osmoregulators of our body.

Now, we will focus on the how the kidney

regulates the body fluid and eliminate the
nitrogenous waste from our body.

Here is a clip of video for us to be able to

understand well how the kidney and
nephrons work.
Listen and watch the video carefully. ( 5 The students will watch about the
mins) kidney.

Now, the kidneys serve as specialized

organs for osmoregulation and excretion;
they are composed of the following:

(show the slides for parts of the kidney)

What is Renal capsule Marco? Ma’am ,the outer coat of connective

tissue
Very Good, How about renal cortex Ma’am the zone near the capsule
consisting of blood vessels and
nephrons
Very Good Kate, How about the medulla? Ma’am inner zone also consisting of
blood vessels and nephrons
Very Good Paul, How about the nephrons? Ma’am the functional units of the kidney
where urine is formed
Very Good Ria, How about the renal pelvis Ma’am central cavity in the kidney
where urine coming from the nephrons
Very good Dan, is channeled before going to the ureter
Now you know the parts of the kidney lets
go on how the urine is formed

(Show slides about the nephron)

Can anybody explain to me base from the

clip you watched awhile ago how urine is Ma’am base from the clip From kidneys,
formed? it filters blood to remove waste, secretes
 material that is in the blood that was not
filtered out but we are getting rid, in
kidney we also reabsorb such as
glucose, water, amino acid, and ions so
we are going to take that back to urinary
system. The waste combined with water
is the urine. The urine then passes
through the ureter and it will be stored in
the bladder going to urethra that
conducts urine going outside the body
Alright! Very good explanation!

D. Generalization

Okay class, let’s have a recap on

what we have discussed today about
the urinary system.

What are the two types of animals

based on the osmolarity of their body (All together) Osmoconformers and
fluids in relation to the environment? osmoregulators Ma’am.
Very Good!

Give example of osmoconformers

Ria?
Ma’am Jellyfish
Very Good! How about sample of
Osmoregulators Sarah?
Ma’am Elephant
Very Good!

How is the human classified in this

two?
Osmoregulators Ma’am
Correct!

What is the organ we use for

osmoregulation? The Kidney ma’am

Very Good! Specifically, what?

Ma’am the Nephrons

How is Urine formed Julie, try to

explain.
From kidneys, it filters blood to remove
waste, secretes material that is in the
blood that was not filtered out but we are
 getting rid, in kidney we also reabsorb
such as glucose, water, amino acid, and
ions so we are going to take that back to
urinary system. The waste combined
with water is the urine. The urine then
passes through the ureter and it will be
stored in the bladder going to urethra
that conducts urine going outside the
body.

Very good explanation Julie.

E. Value Integration

Class, in what way we can reduce the risk of

developing kidney diseases? Ma’am Get plenty of exercise

Very good! Leo. Another one from the

class? Ma’am eat nutritious food.

Correct Pablo! Any more idea?

Ma’am stay hydrated.

Very good! yes, we need to drink enough

water at least 8 glasses a day Ma’am wear cotton underwear

Another idea?
Ma’am don’t smoke
Very good Michael. Some more?
Ma’am do regular check up

Yes that is correct! What else?

Correct Rina!

F. Application

1.Class I prepared a group activity. But

before we’ll have this activity let me just (each group will arrange the flow chart)
remind you to cooperate and behave while
doing this one.
 Now, I have with me the process of urine
formation. I will group you into three groups.
Each group will arrange the process
correctly by making a flow chart of a urine.
First group that will be finished will gain a Yes ma’am!
points. We will sum up the points after the
next activity. The highest earner will get a All the group got the correct flow of urine
corresponding prize. formation.
Okay, lets start! Are you ready?

2. For the next activity, each group will be

given puzzle pieces. All you need to do is to (each group will arrange the puzzle
solve the puzzle given to you. I will give you pieces and will try to solve the question)
3 minutes to solve the puzzle afterwards
clap three times if you are done solving the After sometime all groups got the
puzzle. The first group to clap their hands correct answer
will be announce as a winner. After you
solve the given puzzle write something (each representative of the group
about the word you manage to come up with tacked their answer in the board and
and choose a representative to report your most of them got the correct answer.)
works in front of the class. Is that clear?

IV. Evaluation

Direction: Bring out ½ piece of paper and answer the following questions. Choose
the letter of the correct answer.

1. Which process is primarily involved in the control and maintenance of water and ion
balance in the body?
A. Respiration
B. Osmoregulation
C. Excretion
D. Nutrition
E. Circulation

2. Which type of animals consume little or no energy in maintaining water balance?

A. Birds
B. Mammals
C. Marine vertebrates
D. Marine invertebrates
E. All of the above

3. The following are true about uric acid as a form of nitrogenous waste except:
A. Excreted by birds and insects
B. Relatively non-toxic
C. Highly soluble in water
D. Energetically expensive to produce from ammonia
E. Excreted as a semi-solid paste

4. The part of the urinary system that serves to temporarily store urine:
A. Urinary bladder
B. Kidneys
C. Ureter
D. Urethra
E. Nephron

5. The following components in the filtrate are reabsorbed back into the blood except:
A. Water
B. Glucose
C. Amino acids
D. Urea
E. Salts

6. The following are involved in the regulation of mammalian kidney function except:
A. ADH
B. Aldosterone
C. Renin
D. Thirst center in hypothalamus
E. Oxygen

6-10 Enumerate at least 4 parts of the kidney.

V. Assignment

In a legal-size paper write your answer and pass it in our next meeting.
1. Shortly after you drink a large glass of water, you will feel the urge to urinate. Explain this
observation. Begin by tracing the path of water, starting at the stomach and ending with the
arrival of urine in the bladder.
2. Why is protein in the urine a sign of kidney damage? What structures in the kidney are
probably affected?

Prepared by:

Kristel S. Beleno