Introduction
Introduction
Introduction
A city’s downtown area has an important and unique role in economic and social
development. A downtown (also called a central business district or CBD) is a relatively
small, central, walkable area, usually less than a square kilometre, where commercial,
cultural and civic activities are concentrated. Downtowns create a critical mass of
activities which facilitates business, learning and cultural exchange.
Many activities are most efficiently performed in downtowns because so many important
resources are available within convenient walking distance. You can run several errands
within a few blocks that would otherwise require several vehicle trips. Downtowns
usually contain more commercial space and greater diversity of activities than other
commercial centers in the region.
Downtowns typically contain major financial and legal services, such as banks and law
offices, and government offices such as city halls, courts and municipal departments.
These businesses attract support services, such as office supply and computer stores, and
the concentration of employees in turn attracts coffee shops, restaurants and retail shops.
Many centers are also entertainment and arts districts, and increasingly residential
developments are located in or adjacent to downtown.
The Value of Downtown
Ecotourism is responsible travel to fragile, pristine, and usually protected areas that strive to be low impact and (often) small scale (as an
alternative to mass tourism). Its purpose is to educate the traveler; provide funds for ecological conservation; directly benefit the economic
development and political empowerment of local communities; and foster respect for different cultures and for human rights. Since the 1980s
ecotourism has been considered a critical endeavor by environmentalists, so that future generations may experience destinations relatively
untouched by human intervention.[1] Several university programs use this description as the working definition of ecotourism. [2]
Generally, ecotourism focuses on volunteering, or voluntourism, personal growth and environmental responsibility. Ecotourism typically
involves travel to destinations where flora, fauna, and cultural heritage are the primary attractions. One of the goals of ecotourism is to offer
tourists insight into the impact of human beings on the environment, and to foster a greater appreciation of our natural habitats.
Responsible ecotourism includes programs that minimize the negative aspects of conventional tourism on the environment and enhance the
cultural integrity of local people. Therefore, in addition to evaluating environmental and cultural factors, an integral part of ecotourism is the
promotion of recycling, energy efficiency, water conservation, and creation of economic opportunities for local communities.[3] For these reasons,
ecotourism often appeals to environmental and social responsibility advocates.
Heritage hotel
This is a list of cruise lines, companies that operate cruise ships. It is not an indiscriminate list, and includes only notable companies.
Headquarters
American Cruise
Operational USA
Lines
CDF Croisières de
Operational France Owned by Royal Caribbean International
France
Chandris Cruises
Defunct Greece Was merged and re-branded into Celebrity Cruises in 1988
Classic International
Operational Portugal
Cruises
No longer operates
Club Cruise Netherlands Continues to charter cruise ships to other companies
cruise ships
Commodore Cruise
Defunct USA
Line
Dolphin Cruise Line Defunct Greece Merged into Premier Cruise Line
No longer operates
Finnlines Finland
cruise ships
Hamburg Atlantic
Line
Defunct Germany Merged into Hapag-Lloyd Cruises
German Atlantic Line
Hanseatic Tours
Majesty Cruise Line Defunct Unknown Merged into Norwegian Cruise Line
Norwegian America
Defunct Norway Merged into Cunard Line
Line
Peter Deilmann
Operational Germany
Cruises
No longer operates
Silja Line Finland
cruise ships
Swedish American
Defunct Sweden
Line
Viking Line Operational Finland A ferry company that has also operated cruises.
White Star Line Defunct United Kingdom Merged with Cunard Line
Market segmentation
has become an indispensable marketing practice in industrialized countries where the notion of a mass market has all but disappeared, and buyers
have come to expect some degree of customization from marketing offers. Market segmentation can be defined as the process of dividing larger,
more heterogeneous markets into smaller, more homogeneous markets based on specific characteristics and wants of the buyers. Thanks to
advances in information technology, marketers can more precisely identify, describe, and categorize buyers, thus making it easier to produce the
right products and services for the right markets. In this way, effective market segmentation leads to efficient target marketing to groups of buyers
most likely to perceive value in the marketer's offer. It was not long ago that market segmentation was often an afterthought of the marketing
process – if it was thought of at all. Firms began product or service development with an idea for a marketing offer and later sought buyers for
that offer. Indeed, some entrepreneurs still think of marketing in this manner; their ‘big idea' comes first, followed by the search for markets to
which the big idea can be sold. Progressive marketers, however, recognize that the marketing process begins with identifying needs that are
shared by certain buyers.
For example, a needs-based segmentation strategy is the foundation of marketing for restaurants in North America's emerging fast casual
category (e.g., Baja Fresh and Panera Bread Company). Buyers driving the success of this category need the same basic things as customers of
traditional fast food restaurants (e.g., McDonald's, Taco Bell, and Chick-fil-A) – convenient, quick, low-price meals. However, fast casual
customers also want healthier, fresher foods, and a more comfortable dining experience. Furthermore, these customers are willing to pay more for
these benefits. Understanding the needs unique to this segment of fast casual dining customers, identifying who is a member of this segment, and
then developing a marketing offer for them depends upon effective market segmentation.
Once buyers' needs and wants are identified, market segmentation follows the process described in the figure below. It should be noted, though,
that this conceptual approach to segmentation is not always practiced in real-world marketing. Typical instead is the product-driven approach of
the entrepreneur described earlier (develop a product concept first, then try to find a market to fit to the concept). Another common approach is
sector marketing or a priori segmentation. With sector marketing, a mass market is divided into groups of buyers before research is conducted to
identify buyers' needs and wants. For example, the marketer might divide a market based on age, income, and gender. A marketing offering is
then developed for select sectors (e.g., middle-income, middle-aged men). The problem with an a priori approach to segmentation is that what
constitutes a segment is arbitrarily determined by the marketer. Thus, buyers' needs are likely to differ within sectors (e.g., not all women in their
20s seek low-calorie desserts) or needs may be shared across different sectors (e.g., some men in their 40s do seek low-calorie desserts). For this
reason, a needs-based or benefits-sought approach to market segmentation is more likely to reveal underlying, ‘true' segments of buyers who will
respond similarly to a marketer's offering.
Not all groups of buyers identified during the segmentation process will be viable or attractive as targets for a marketing offer. To be viable, a
segment must be meet several criteria. It must be:
Introduction
Timesharing is a great way to vacation. It gives you
the space and luxury of a resort villa or condominium apartment
instead of a cramped hotel room, and the ability to
exchange your timeshare for similar accommodations in
desirable destinations all over the world. Moreover, because
the price of your timeshare is established at the time of
purchase, you get a hedge against inflation in your future
leisure-lodging costs.
That’s the good news – but it applies only when you
understand what you are buying, buy only what you want,
and say "no" to anything you don’t want or don’t understand.
Timeshare products are inherently complex, and thus
potentially bewildering to the average consumer. This text
will help you to avoid pitfalls as you consider a timeshare
purchase and, after you buy, to make the best possible use
of your timeshare.
A studio apartment, also known as a studio flat (UK), efficiency apartment or bachelor/bachelorette style apartment, is a self-contained,
small apartment, which combines living room, bedroom and kitchenette into a single unit, barring a bathroom. "Bachelor" or "efficiency"
apartments are sometimes smaller than studio apartments.
In British usage, a studio flat has its own bathroom; a single room with cooking facilities and a shared bathroom is known as a bedsit.
Studio, efficiency, and bachelor style apartments all tend to be the smallest apartments with the lowest rents in a given area, usually ranging
around 300 to 450 square feet (25–45 square meters) in the United States, but considerably smaller in countries such as Japan, South Korea, and
several European capitals. These kinds of apartments typically consist of one large room which serves as the living, dining, and bedroom. Kitchen
facilities may be located in the central room, and the bathroom is often in its own smaller room.
A timeshare is a form of ownership or right to the use of a property, or the term used to describe such properties. These properties are typically
resort condominium units, in which multiple parties hold rights to use the property, and each sharer is allotted a period of time (typically one
week, and almost always the same time every year) in which they may use the property. Units may be on a part-ownership or lease/"right to use"
basis, in which the sharer holds no claim to ownership of the property.
T and t
Travel and
tourism is one
of the world’s
The activates of person travelling and staying in places outside their usual environment for not more then one consecutive year for leisure,
business and other purposes
largest
An Apartment Hotel (also Aparthotel and Apart-hotel) is a serviced apartment complex that uses a hotel-style booking system. It is similar to
renting an apartment, but with no fixed contracts and occupants can 'check-out' whenever they wish."Apartment hotel means a building designed
for or containing both apartments and individual guestrooms or rental units, under resident supervision, and which maintains an inner lobby
through which all tenants must pass to gain access to apartments, rooms or units." [citation needed]
industries
Apartment hotels are flexible types of accommodation; instead of the rigid format of a hotel room, an apartment hotel complex usually offers a
complete fully fitted apartment. These complexes are usually custom built, and similar to a hotel complex containing a varied amount of
apartments. The length of stay in these apartment hotels is varied with anywhere from a few days to months or even years. The people that stay in
It is also one of
apartment hotels use them as a home away from home, therefore they are usually fitted with everything the average home would require
In sociology, discrimination is the prejudicial treatment of an individual based solely on their membership in a certain group or category.
the most
Discrimination is the actual behavior towards members of another group. It involves excluding or restricting members of one group from
opportunities that are available to other groups.[1] The United Nations explains: "Discriminatory behaviors take many forms, but they all involve
some form of exclusion or rejection."[2] Discriminatory laws such as redlining have existed in many countries. In some countries, controversial
attempts such as racial quotas have been used to redress negative effects of discrimination.
fragmented
Marketing is the process of performing market research, selling products and/or services to customers and promoting them via advertising to
further enhance sales.[1] It generates the strategy that underlies sales techniques, business communication, and business developments. [2] It is an
The two
integrated process through which companies build strong customer relationships and creates value for their customers and for themselves. [2]
Marketing is used to identify the customer, to satisfy the customer, and to keep the customer. With the customer as the focus of its activities, it
can be concluded that marketing management is one of the major components of business management. Marketing evolved to meet the stasis in
aspects of the
developing new markets caused by mature markets and overcapacities in the last 2-3 centuries.[citation needed] The adoption of marketing strategies
industry can be
viewed
separately, as
many of the
players are
requires businesses to shift their focus from production to the perceived needs and wants of their customers as the means of staying profitable.
[citation needed]
involved in
The term marketing concept holds that achieving organizational goals depends on knowing the needs and wants of target markets and delivering
the desired satisfactions.[3] It proposes that in order to satisfy its organizational objectives, an organization should anticipate the needs and wants
of consumers and satisfy these more effectively than competitors
both
Travel agents plan, organize, and conduct long distance cruises, tours and expeditions for individuals or groups. The responsibility
of the travel agent is to assist travelers with the constantly changing airfares and schedules, thousands of available vacation
packages, and a vast amount of travel information on the internet.To sort out the many travel options, tourists and business people
often turn to travel agents, who assess their needs and help them make the best possible travel arrangements. Also, many major
Let’s look at
cruise ships, resorts, and specialty travel groups use travel agents to promote travel packages to millions of people every year . In
general, travel agents give advice on destinations and make arrangements for transportation, hotel accommodations, car rentals,
tours, and recreation. They also may advise on weather conditions, restaurants, tourist attractions, and recreation. For
each part of
international travel, agents also provide information on customs regulations, required papers (passports, visas, and certificates of
vaccination), and currency exchange rates. Travel agents consult a variety of published and computer-based sources for information
on departure and arrival times, fares, and hotel ratings and accommodations. They may visit hotels, resorts, and restaurants to
the industry on
evaluate their comfort, cleanliness, and the quality of food and service so that they can base recommendations on their own travel
experiences or those of colleagues or clients.
its own
Sales and marketing skills are important to promote their services. Travel agents make presentations to social and special-interest
groups, arrange advertising displays, and suggest company-sponsored trips to business managers. Depending on the size of the
travel agency, an agent may specialize by type of travel, such as leisure or business, or destination, such as Europe o
industry
recurring.
• Marketing is about anticipating and identifying the wants and needs of a target market of consumers, then satisfying those needs in
order to make a profit
• Firstly, travel and tourism organisations must understand their customers’ demands. This is the ‘anticipating’ and ‘identifying’ part of
the definition
• Classifying customers according to socio-economic status, lifestyle, family circumstances, gender and so on
• A target market consists of a whole group of potential customers, drawn from the whole population
• A target market consists of a whole group of potential customers, drawn from the whole population
• Long holidays
• Activity holidays
• Group holida