International Conference On-Global Trends in Academic Research GTAR-2014 Bali, Indonesia.
International Conference On-Global Trends in Academic Research GTAR-2014 Bali, Indonesia.
International Conference On-Global Trends in Academic Research GTAR-2014 Bali, Indonesia.
PROCEEDINGS BOOK
(GTAR-2014)
International Conference on
“Global Trends in Academic Research”
GTAR-2014
Bali, Indonesia.
Abstracts
Book of Proceedings
International Conference on
“Global Trends in Academic Research”
(GTAR-2014) Bali, Indonesia.
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International Conference on Global Trends in Academic Research, June 2-3, 2014.
GTAR © 2014 Bali, Indonesia Global Illuminators, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
ISBN: 978-969-9948-01-5
Disclaimer
Every reasonable effort has been made to ensure that the
material in this book is true, correct, complete, and
appropriate at the time of writing. Nevertheless the
publishers, the editors, and the authors do not accept
responsibility for any omission or error, or for any injury,
damage, lose, or financial consequences arising from the
use of the book. The views expressed by contributors do
not necessarily reflect those of the Global Illuminators
Organization.
Published by Global Illuminators Publishing, Kuala
Lumpur.
Printed and bound by: Ideas Pro Printers
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GTAR © 2014 Bali, Indonesia Global Illuminators, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE.............................. XIV
ORGANIZING COMMITTEE ............................................................ XVII
CONFERENCE PRESIDENT MESSAGE ........................................... XIX
CONFERENCE CHAIR MESSAGE .................................................... XXI
KEYNOTE SPEAKERS .......................................................................XXIII
CONFERENCE PROGRAM............................................................... XXVI
CONFERENCE ATTENDEES ................................................................... 1
TRACK A: BUSINESS MANAGEMENT & ECONOMICS .................. 2
1. AN INTEGRATED TALENT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM:
CHALLENGES FOR COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE ....................... 3
2. THE INFLUENCING FACTORS OF THE IMPLEMENTATION
STREET VENDOR RELOCATING PROGRAM IN BANDUNG,
INDONESIA. CASE STUDY OF STREET VENDOR ALUN-ALUN,
JALAN KEPATIHAN AND JALAN DALEM KAUM ....................... 4
3. A CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP
POLICY ................................................................................................... 5
4. THE COMPETITIVENESS OF MICRO AND SMALL
ENTERPRISES (MSES): FOCUS ON WOMEN
ENTREPRENEURIAL COMPETENCIES IN INDONESIA .............. 6
5. USING TALENT STRATEGY AS A HEDGING STRATEGY TO
MANAGE BANKING TALENT RISKS IN MALAYSIA .................. 7
6. THE INFLUENCE NON-PRICING DETERMINANTS ON USER
SATISFACTION AND BEHAVIORAL INTENTION ON
CONSUMERS AT PRIVATE-FUNDING FACILITY IN
MALAYSIA ............................................................................................ 8
7. BUILDING MULTIDISCIPLINARY INTERNATIONAL
COLLABORATIONS FOR MUTUAL GAIN ...................................... 9
8. DEVELOPING AN INDEX FOR MEDICAL TOURISM ................. 10
9. BUSINESS SUCCESS THROUGH RELATIONSHIP MARKETING
IDENTIFICATION OF RED CHILI PRODUCERS BASED ON THE
SIX MARKETS MODEL ..................................................................... 11
10. HIGHER EDUCATION: ENGAGING THE KNOWLEDGE
ECONOMY, CHALLENGES AND IMPERATIVES ........................ 12
11. MODERN MARKET RETAIL LOCAL FRESH PRODUCE
SUPPLIER VALUE CREATION THROUGH MARKETING
CONTRIBUTION ................................................................................. 14
12. POSITIONING OF SOCIAL MEDIA BRANDS BY VALUE
PROVIDED TO USERS ....................................................................... 15
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INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC
COMMITTEE
GTAR 2014
Palti Marulitua Sitorus, (PhD). Chair of Scientific & Review
Committee Telkom University Indonesia.
Tahir Masood Qureshi, (Ph.D). Assist. Professor, College of
Business and Administration, American University in the United
Arab Emirates, UAE.
Mian Ahmad Hanan, (Ph.D). Professor & Chairperson, FC
College University Lahore, Pakistan.
Mej Mohd Noor Azli Ali Khan, (Ph.D). Senior Lecturer, Faculty
of Management, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia.
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http://www.globalilluminators.org
INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON
“GLOBAL TRENDS IN ACADEMIC RESEARCH”
(GTAR-2014)
ORGANIZING COMMITTEE
Felicia Chong
Head of Organizing Committee
Country Director Malaysia, Global Illuminators
[email protected]
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GTAR © 2014 Bali, Indonesia Global Illuminators, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Najm Us Sahar
Manager Research & Coordination Global Illuminators
[email protected]
Astri Krisnawati
Member Organizing Committee
Telkom University Indonesia
[email protected]
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Thank you
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KEYNOTE SPEAKERS
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GTAR © 2014 Bali, Indonesia Global Illuminators, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Zamri Mohamed
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CONFERENCE PROGRAM
DAY 01 Monday (2nd June 2014)
8:00 am – 8:30 am
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Session Chairs: Dr. M Yahya Arwiyah, SH and Dr. Raja Roslan Raja Abd. Rahman
Track A: Business Management and Economics
Knowledge Management System For Researcher: College Of Arts, Media And
GTAR-14-419 Walaiporn Singkhamfu
Technology, Thailand
GTAR-14-459 Building Multidisciplinary International Collaborations For Mutual Gain Chris Hickey
Continuous Quality Improvement Enhancement Of Registered Nurses In
GTAR-14-463 Chaloermchai Camoou
Community Hospital Khon Kaen Province
Higher Education: Engaging The Knowledge Economy, Challenges And
GTAR-14-514 Eduardo P. Garrovillas
Imperatives
Transforming R&D Culture From A Technology-Vocational Based Institution To A
GTAR-14-516 Felisa E Gomba
Research University: Samar State University, Philippines Case
Soft Skills For Leadership That Affect The Project Control By Sub-District Health
GTAR-14-437 Jarunyoo Tonganek
Promoting Hospital Directors In Roi-Et Province.
The Leadership Style Affecting The Good Governance Administration Of The Chief
GTAR-14-480 Witat Janposri
In Community Hospital Mukdahan Province
The Effect Of Leadership Style Towards Work Family Conflict At PT. XYZ,
GTAR-14-326 Arif Partono
Bandung
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GTAR-14-385 Modeling And Forecasting The Volumes Of Malaysia’s Import Mohamed A.H Milad
Impact Of The Entrepreneurship Education On The Student’s Entrepreneurial Value
GTAR-14-121 Mudashir Gafar
Creation
GTAR-14-363 A Conceptual Framework Of Entrepreneurship Policy Isti Raafaldini Mirzanti
The Issues Pertaining Changes In The Government Policy And Its Effects On Malay Mohd Khairul Azahari
GTAR-14-468
Printing Entrepreneurs bin Abdul Rani
GTAR-14-523 Developing An Index For Medical Tourism Yuhanis Abdul Aziz
A Unique Strategy For Promoting “Student Labour Program” To Increase The
GTAR-14-522 Rolyana Ferinia
Number Of Student At Universitas Advent Indonesia, Bandung
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Session Chairs: Dr. Palti Marulitua Sitorus and Dr. Li-Chiou Chen
Track B: Social Sciences and Humanity
An Investigation Of Students Employability Skills Of A New Established
GTAR-14-149 Jamaludin Jalani
University During Industrial Placement
GTAR-14-431 Study Assistance By Social Methodology Application For Mobile Device Phudinan Singkhamfu
Postgraduate Research And Its Role In The Development Program Of
GTAR-14-243 Ashraf M. Zedan
Undergraduate
An Investigation Of Preschool Children's Toy Preferences According To Different
GTAR-14-377 F. Ülkü Yildiz
Variants
A Study Into The Effects Of Preschool Education On The Emotional Skills Of First
GTAR-14-382 Aysel Çağdaş
Graders
GTAR-14-398 Giving Food Clover Education With Art Activities To 5 Year-Old Children Gulriz Akaroglu
The Reflection of Food Clover Education Taught Five-Year Children on The Visual
GTAR-14-479 Aysegul Sarikaya
Artistic Products
Understanding Ethnicity, National Sentiments and Nation Building in Multiracial
GTAR-14-439 Jasmine Ahmad
Environment
Positive and Negative Stress Management on Sports Performance among Football
GTAR-14-219 Vincent Parnabas
Players
Lunch Break (01:00 pm – 2:00 pm)
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Session Chairs: Dr. Wan Mohd Faizal and Dr. Palti Marulitua Sitorus
Track D: Engineering
The fabrication of P3HT:VOPcPhO composite nanorods arrays via template˗assisted
GTAR-14-114 Azzuliani Supangat
method
GTAR-14-148 Modelling and Simulation of a Humanoid Robot Arm Jamaludin Jalani
Plasma diagnostic: Optical emission studies of SiCN in RF and DC magnetron
GTAR-14-217 Zarina binti Aspanut
sputtering system
Numerical Simulation of Shoreline Changes induced by Breaking Wave : A
GTAR-14-237 Mohammad Fadhli Ahmad
Parametric Study
A Hybrid Technique Approach for Cluster Development of FACTS Device
GTAR-14-238 Siti Amely Jumaat
Installation
Surface Characteristics in Electrical Discharge Machining of AISI D2 Hardened
GTAR-14-218 Mohd Amri Lajis
Steel Employing Powder Mixed
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GTAR-14-534 Motor Skills Proficiency As Indicator To Predict Obesity Among School-Aged Children Suhana Aiman
Benchmarking On School Health Programs Adapted By Selected Colleges And
GTAR-14-544 Kristine June M. Capili
Universities In The Province Of Batangas: Basis For Institutional Health Program
GTAR-14-386 Food Consumption Patterns Of Fisherman On Spermonde Islands Rahmawaty A. Nadja
GTAR-14-180 Computational Research Based (CRB) Activities A New Approach In School Science Rose Amnah Abd
GTAR-14-445 Malaysian adolescents’ moral awareness and their cultural conformity Siti Rafiah Abd Hamid
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GTAR-14-502 A Comparative Analysis Of Islamic And Conventional Banks’ Robustness In Indonesia M. Shabri Abd. Majid
A Comparative Analysis Of Diversification Benefits Between Islamic Emerging And
GTAR-14-503 Said Musnadi
Conventional Largest World’s Markets During The 2007 Global Financial Crisis
Relationship Between E-Commerce Service Quality, Satisfaction, Trust, And Customer Mutia Sobihah Abd
GTAR-14-404
Loyalty In The Hotel Industry In The East Coast Of Peninsular Malaysia Halim
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Session Chairs: Dr. Palti Marulitua Sitorus and Dr. Suresh Gholse
Track C: Applied Sciences
GTAR-14-201 Assessment Of Fe, Cu And Zn Sequestration Rate Using Lemna Minor And Rashidi Othman
Salvinia Natans As Bioaccumulation Agent For Polluted Aquatic Ecosystem
GTAR-14-251 Lactic Acid Production From Sweet Potato By Lactobacillus Casei Tistr 453 Chaowaree
Adthalungrong
GTAR-14-253 Structural Properties And Tolerance Factor For Perovskite-Type Compounds D.N. Bhute
GTAR-14-341 Urban Watershed Eutrophication State Monitoring Using Aquatic Plant-Based Rashidi Othman
Technology
GTAR-14-330 Aquatic Plants As Phytoindicator For Heavy Metals Contaminant In Polluted Rashidi Othman
Freshwater Bodies
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GTAR-14-570 Muslim Personality Effects on Workplace Deviance: A Conceptual Study Waqas Farooq
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Session Chairs: Datin Dr. Sarimah Ismail and Tariq Iqbal Khan
Track A: Business Management and Economics
GTAR-14-469 The Impact Of Event Sponsorship And Tv Adsevent Of Brand Image To Cross Mobile AMA Suyanto
Business Success Through Relationship Marketing Identification Of Red Chili
GTAR-14-498 Agriani H. Sadeli
Producers Based On The Six Markets Model
Modern Market Retail Local Fresh Produce Supplier Value Creation Through Marketing
GTAR-14-499 Hesty Nurul Utami
Contribution
Expectations And Needs Of Freight Forwarders On Service quality Of International
GTAR-14-506 Phakhin Tapa
Ocean Freight Carriers
Perception Of Tourism Impacts On Island Destination Between Host Community And
GTAR-14-235 Ong Tah Fatt
Visitors: A Case Of Tioman Island
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Session Chairs: Dr. Abdul Azeez Yusuf and Mery Citra Sondari
Track A: Business Management and Economics
Preliminary Approach In Identify Csfs For Effective ICT Governance In Malaysian
GTAR-14-200 Rosida Ab Razak
Public Sector (MPS)
GTAR-14-507 Customers' Behavior Of Using Service Via Mobile Application Piyarat Pongprathum
GTAR-14-508 A Study Of Currency Hedging Of Thailand SMEs Exporters Sinanthana Nanta
Norita, S.E., M.Si, Ak. and
Identification Of Factors That Contribute To Capital Structure Year 2009-2012 (Case
GTAR-14-504 Anissa Agustina
Study In Foreign Exchange Banks In Indonesia)
Rahmadini
Enhancing Innovation in Quadruple Helix Perspective: The case of the Business Hendrati Dwi
GTAR-14-143
Incubators in –Indonesia Mulyaningsih
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Gtar-14-390 Canili Family Rural Development School As An Alternative Mode Of Education Ricardo G. Gonzales, Jr.
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CONFERENCE ATTENDEES
1. Professor Suresh Gholse (PhD).
2. Indriana Noor.
3. Susilaningsih (PhD).
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A CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK OF
ENTREPRENEURSHIP POLICY
1
Isti Raafaldini Mirzanti, Togar M. Simatupang, and Dwi Larso
School of Business and Management, Bandung Institute of Technology
Correspondence: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
Entrepreneurship has been growing rapidly in the past 20 years. It was
strengthen by the increasing number of young generation who choose to be
an entrepreneur instead of working on other people or companies. Mostly,
they do not consider entrepreneurship as the only option to earn income and
generate money, but more than that entrepreneurship is also regarded as one
of the way to uphold their values such as beneficial to society, freedom to
manage time and finances, and freedom to define and execute what they want.
The role of Entrepreneurship in economic growth, are about job and wealth
creation. Considering the role, it is important to develop entrepreneurship. In
this stage, government policy has a big influence, there are to establish
environment and create infrastructure that support entrepreneurship.
However, when it comes to entrepreneurship policy, one size does not fit all,
governments can only provide an underlying conducive environment to the
emergence of productive entrepreneurship rather than unproductive
entrepreneurship.
In this research, conceptual framework of entrepreneurship policy can be
divided based on level of analysis which are, micro, meso, and macro level.
At macro level, entrepreneurship policy, focus on creating motivation,
entrepreneurial skills, and business skills. While at meso level, it include
decreasing administration burden in facilitating business entry and
import/export deregulation as well; focusing in targeted business
(technology) and business incentives. At macro level, entrepreneurship
policies should focus on creating entrepreneurship culture, entrepreneurship
infrastructure and regulation itself.
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ABSTRACT
Indonesia is a multi-culture country where every region has different cultures
that influence the competence of women entrepreneurs. Women
entrepreneurship in Indonesia is growing very rapidly, giving rise to
competition among entrepreneurs and influence on their business
performance. Most of the women entrepreneurs in Indonesia involved in
micro and small enterprises (MSEs). The purpose of this paper is to examine
how competence of women entrepreneurs influence the competitiveness of
micro and small enterprises. This study uses a case study approach to examine
and understand the phenomenon. Primary data were collected through semi-
structured interviews with five women entrepreneurs. The study found that
the local culture is very influential on the formation of women entrepreneurs’
behavior. Furthermore found that the competence and the local culture has an
important role in improving the competitiveness of Indonesian women
entrepreneurs. Contribution of this study is to add insights on the concept of
women entrepreneurship, and also to fill the gap regarding the
competitiveness of SMEs in the context of women entrepreneurship related
with competencies.
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ABSTRACT
Talent strategy in human resource planning is generally used to deliver business
strategy of a firm. The identification, recruitment, development and retention of
talented employees are aligned with the priorities of the firm’s business. As
businesses today are borderless with the global environment, putting in place the
most effective talent management strategy is a key to competitive success of
firms, and this includes the banking industry. Hence, people who are talented in
the organization provide opportunities for the firms. As a result many big firms
seem to spend much time on developing these talented employees but less time
on retaining them. This includes the Malaysian banking institutions. It is timely
for Malaysian banks to have their own talent programs due to acute shortage of
banking talents. Hence, the talent systems of banks require investments in these
intangible assets. The above need is reinforced by the fact that an important
Malaysian banking resource would be talent following the final phase of
consolidation of banking institutions by the year 2015. When demand goes up and
supply of talent goes down, more and more banking institutions in Malaysia begin
to realize the importance of talent strategy and planning to be a part of
management strategic focus; hence an integrated talent program for the banking
institutions. The objective of this paper is to testify that the use of talent strategy
as a hedging strategy is able to manage banking talent risks in the Malaysian
banking sector. The study proposed to use Talent Management Practices (TMP),
Employee Value Proposition (EVP) and Talent Brand Strategy (TBS) as variables
along with 12 indicators of Malaysian banking talents by testifying for their direct
and indirect relationships. The five research objectives and questions of the study
were fulfilled by employing the Structural Equation Modelling (SEM). The five
hypotheses of the study revealed that there are significant positive relationships
between Talent Management Practices, Employee Value Proposition and Talent
Brand Strategy, for Malaysian banks. The study also found that Employee Value
Proposition partially mediates the relationship between Talent Management
Practices and Talent Brand Strategy for the banks. With these significant
relationships, the findings of this study suggest that it is timely for the local banks
to enhance their talent strategy as this can deliver as business strategy, for
instance, facilitating in innovating the operating structure of financial instruments.
Additionally, due to the acute shortage of banking talents in Malaysia, there is a
strong need to use talent strategy in managing banking talent risks. This is
necessary for the local banks to remain competitive and profitable for a long term
in this era of global banking.
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BUILDING MULTIDISCIPLINARY
INTERNATIONAL COLLABORATIONS FOR
MUTUAL GAIN
1
Chris Hickey and 2Ismet Fanany
1Faculty of Arts and Education Deakin University, Australia
Correspondence: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
This paper reports on a regional research collaboration between universities
in Australia and Indonesia. Underpinning the collaboration is a clear
identification of mutual needs and opportunities. Forged between Deakin
University (Australia) and the Consortium of Eastern Indonesian
Universities, the collaboration seeks to establish a model for sustained and
purposeful interaction between all participants. Foremost in the establishment
of the model is a respect of cultural differences, both philosophically and
operationally. Driving the formation of the collaboration is a desire to build
the research capabilities of all participating universities. Within this remit is
a strong focus on the provision of a research training framework that
simultaneously develops English language proficiency, is sequential and
sustained, and supports local research agendas. Recognising the complexities
of a truly multidisciplinary international collaboration, this paper describes
the principles of participation that have been put in place to support the
development and implementation of this model. While this work has not been
straight-forward, or without tension, the potential gains associated with its
progress have the potential to be internationally significant.
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that must be addressed by HEIs, brought about by the world-flatteners
(Friedman, 2005). Dramatic changes in the macro-environment, were
identified and discussed, from where conclusions and recommendations were
drawn, carefully avoiding over analysis that usually leads to paralysis. Two
crucial issues standout in this paper that must be addressed with urgency by
HEIs engaging the knowledge economy: poverty alleviation and climate
change. Finally, the general frame of this paper supports the view that
knowledge economy is the road to better quality of life and prosperity. It
supports our collective dream of a world free of poverty, aligned with the
Millennium Development Goals; a world that--- 1) promotes social equity,
better quality of life in all nooks and crannies of this one and only planet that
God has given us; 2) fights poverty with passion and commitment; and 3)
helps people help themselves and their environment by sharing and applying
knowledge to build capacity and produce economic benefits for sustainable
development.
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Linkedin is the choice of most people who would like to network for
professional reasons, or build a ‘personal’ brand (Dutta, 2010) in the areas of
work or expertise.
This study has led to a richer understanding of user perceptions about some
major social media brands. Marketers may be able to tailor their social media
plans in line with these, without the intrusion that TV is sometimes blamed
for. Information sharing is certainly a first step. Positive word-of-mouth
could be the next goal.
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ABSTRACT
The global financial system is vulnerable due to the weak growth prospects
in many advanced economies. Hence, the stability of the banking system
remained as an important issue to be resolved. Therefore, it is vital for the
banks to properly manage the loan loss provisions (LLPs) to ensure the
sufficient amounts are allocated to counterbalance the non-performing loans,
especially during financial turmoil. The issue of LLPs has captivated the
interest of many researchers as to what extent the LLP has been affected by
macroeconomic factors. Thus, the main purpose of the study is to investigate
the influence of macroeconomic factors in affecting the provision decision of
Malaysian commercial banks. The investigation aims at detecting whether
the provisions have been influenced by the macroeconomic factors such as
the interest rate, gross domestic products and exchange rate. At the same time,
the effect of macroeconomic factors can be examined in order to identify the
pro-cyclical or counter-cyclical behavior in relation to the LLP. The
Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) is devised in assessing the
significant macro factors that influencing the LLP.
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ABSTRACT
The knowledge-based economy of the modern days demands a new breed of
innovative real estate managers as the graduate’s job placement is becoming
more competitive. Despite that entrepreneurship education (EE) established
in the higher institutions of learning are to boost the employability of the
graduates. The reality of meeting the purpose of the program is unclear. In
this regard, the impact assessment of the EE on the graduating students is
inevitable. However, literature registered intrinsic provocations of realizing
common assessment framework to evaluate diverse enterprise program. The
aim of the paper is to develop Facilities Management-Entrepreneurship
Assessment model (FMEAM). Hence, to evaluate the impact of the EE on
the Real Estate Management student’s entrepreneurial knowledge. The final
year students in the Malaysian public universities are the focus of the study,
whose are at the rim of going into the job market. The FMEAM originated
within the foundation principles of the Facilities Management (FM), in
association to the students’ entrepreneurial outcomes: business reality, value
creation, change management, competitiveness and sustainability. The
quantitative research approach and questionnaire survey instrument
employed as research methodology. The findings revealed that, despite
notable attainment on the academic entrepreneurship culture, nevertheless,
the impact of entrepreneurship’s value creation on their graduating students
is somewhat significant. The benefit of this research is for the enrichment of
entrepreneurship teaching, in particular to real estate management educators,
educates, and practicing professional as a perquisite-tool kit for their survival
in the competitive economy.
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ABSTRACT
Since most management problems involve multilevel phenomena, scholars
now aware that multilevel research become a paradigm shift and trends in
management research. This paper will specifically discuss trend of multilevel
studies in human capital research topic. The paper will include the discussion
of the basic concept of multilevel studies, the trend, and the state of the art of
human capital research. Since the multilevel study is quite new in
management research topic and involve only limited literature, this paper will
contribute to introduce this new trend to management scholars and provide
state of the art literature related to research in multilevel studies especially in
human capital research topic.
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Indonesia.
Correspondence: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
Compare to its neighbour countries, Indonesia is still lags behind in research
productivity, both quantity and quality. Though, the interesting fact had arise
from schimago data analysis, that Indonesia has best rank in foreign co-
authorship indicators compare to its neighbour countries. Obtaining data from
scopus, authors use scientometrics method to explore the phenomenon. It is
found that there is quite high contribution of faculty members that is
studying abroad in producing journal article or conference papers that involve
foreign co-authorship, in average, range from 32,96 to 44,15%. Factors that
might be correlate to the phenomenon and the impact are discussed.
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ABSTRACT
One of the interesting topics in HR field is the work family conflict. Human
being expected to work to meet their need. Also, they have their family to
attend to. That is why the relationship between work and family become
important. One should manage the balance of the two life. Usually everyone
found it difficult to act balance. There must be some incident which cause the
employee to sacrifice one of them. If the work or family responsibilities can
not met by the worker, then it could create the work and family conflict. The
cause the work and family conflict can derive from many aspects. Each
organization has different factor which cause the conflict. The job demand,
the hours work, the placement, and many others. This research, analyze the
factors which cause work and family conflict in PT. XYZ. The chosen
organization has high job demand. We will focus on the leader in the
organization and try to measure the influence of his leadership style towards
the work family conflict face by the employee. The result found that the
leadership style had significance influence towards work family conflict
experienced by the employee. However, the research showed that the impact
is not big enough. There other variables which can cause the work family
conflict. We also learn that the leadership style applied at PT. XYZ is quite
helpful in assisting the employee to face the work problems.
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ABSTRACT
E-commerce opens new opportunities in the way we trade, it has many
advantages such as enabling consumers to select goods easily and almost no
cost. Comparison shopping is a tools help us to get more information and
options before we buy, but it has an effect called choice overload. Choice
overload is a condition in which one's choice would be less effective when
the number of options that should be considered exceeded his limits in
comparison. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the effectiveness of
comparison shopping used by consumers to choice overload.
The study is conducted using experimental approach. The independent
variables are the number of alternatives and the number of criteria, while the
dependent variables are quality and time representing the concepts of choice
overload. Primary data are obtained from the application of simulation-based
comparison shopping web by putting the link on the site www.prothelon.com,
so we can get 139 respondents randomly. Data are analyzed using statistics
descriptive, multiple linear regression and binary logistic regression.
The results shows the more alternatives and criteria exist, the more difficult
for respondents to choose the right item, and the longer time needed. While
the variable of criteria does not affect the variable of quality (Y1). T- Test
shows that the variable of alternative (X1) and criteria (X2) do not contribute
significantly to choice overload, and only the variable of alternative affects
the variable of quality (Y1).
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ABSTRACT
The aim of this paper is to present some empirical findings on the study of
the links between human resource (HR) practices and employee retention of
selected government agencies in Libya. The issue of employee retention
became important as the result of the civil war in Libya which broke out
between 15th February and 23rd October 2011. Consequently the existing
42-year government under Colonel Muammar Gadaffi was overthrown and
was replaced by a new government. It was thought that this study was indeed
necessary for the new Libyan policy makers as well as scholars. The study
had adopted the survey method. The sample was the HR managers of the
agencies concerned. The population identified was 483 HR managers. 450
survey questionnaires were distributed to the potential respondents. From
these, only 176 replied giving the study a response rate of 39 percent. The
independent variables were the HR practices comprising HR planning,
performance appraisal, reward, recruitment and selection and training and
development (T&D) while the dependent variable was employee retention.
From the findings, it was seen that there were significant relationships
between HR planning, reward and performance appraisal with employee
retention. But there were no significant relationships between recruitment and
selection and T&D with employee retention.
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A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF
DIVERSIFICATION BENEFITS BETWEEN
ISLAMIC EMERGING AND CONVENTIONAL
LARGEST WORLD’S MARKETS DURING THE
2007 GLOBAL FINANCIAL CRISIS
1
Said Musnadi and 2M. Shabri Abd. Majid
1Departmentof Management, Faculty of Economics, 2Department of
Islamic Economics, Faculty of Economics, Syiah Kuala University, Banda
Aceh, Indonesia
Correspondence: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
The 2007 global financial crisis has not only been affecting the U.S. markets,
but it has also been spreading over the other financial markets worldwide,
and Islamic stock markets are no exception. This study aims to empirically
examine the effects of the current global crisis on the integration and co-
movements of Indonesian stock market with three major conventional and
Islamic stock markets worldwide, i.e., Japan, the UK and the US. By dividing
the study periods into the pre- and during-crisis periods, it also attempts to
explore whether the cross-market linkages between these markets change due
to the crisis. To achieve these objectives, cointegration analysis is used. This
study utilises daily closing conventional and Islamic stock indices over the
period from February 15, 2006 to December 31, 2008. The study finds that
the Islamic stock markets performed marginally better than their
conventional counterparts both in the pre-crisis and during-crisis periods. The
study also finds that there exists a long-run equilibrium relationship among
the conventional stock markets during-crisis period, while among the Islamic
stock markets in the pre-crisis period. This implies that, in the long-run, the
international investment diversification benefits that can be gained by
investors across these conventional markets have diminished due to a crisis.
Investors who would like to gain greater benefits of diversification during the
crisis period; they must allocate their investments in the Islamic stock markets
since these markets are found to be non-cointegrated during the crisis.
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ABSTRACT
Workplace deviance is a major concern for organizations and researchers
have identified various antecedents of it. This paper further enhances the
antecedents by presenting prepositions of how Muslim Personality
characteristics as defined by Quran and Sunna would be related to workplace
deviance. Furthermore, this paper also discusses how Muslim personality
conception is different and similar with contemporarily available approaches
to study personality.
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ABSTRACT
To succeed and to remain competitive in the era of globalization, engineering
graduates are not only required to have a strong foundation basis in technical
skills but they are also required to have non-technical skills such as problem-
solving, creativity, leadership, and teamwork. Employability skills are the
skills necessary to enable a person to obtain a job and thus remain in the
organisation and able to adapt with the changing technology that could
eventually enhance his career through the acquisition of those skills.
Employability skills are transferable core skills that can be transferred
depends on the types of job. This paper attempts to propose a conceptual
framework by reviewing the pertinent literature on employability skills as
independent variable, role of the polytechnic electronic diploma graduates
employed in Malaysia as mediator variable and task performance and
contextual performance as the dependent variables. Based on literature
analysis, Employability Skills can be used as predictive factors cum
independent variables on performance measurement for Engineering
Graduates to be employed in Malaysia industries.
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ABSTRACT
It has been reported in printed and electronic media that moral decadency
among Malaysian adolescents is on the rise (Jaafar, J., Kolodinsky, P.,
McCarthy, S. & Schroder, V., 2004; Ting Soo Ting, 2011; Shadiya Mohamed
S. Baqutayan, 2011). Such decadency is attributed by a host of factors. This
study aims at describing the moral awareness and social conformity of
Malaysian adolescents. A questionnaire was administered on 200
respondents. Preliminary findings indicated that the respondents’ conform
positively to their cultural expectations (M= 3.92; SD= .92) and have positive
moral awareness is (M = 4.40; SD = .85). These findings were perceived
instrumental to the current classroom managements, school counselling
services and parenting styles in Malaysia.
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ABSTRACT
It was used food-based dietary guidelines and images of the food guides, to
remain healthy and to prevent diseases, diet and healthy lifestyle. A food
guide is the pictorial illustration of the amount and type of food items to be
consumed so that community can understand easily. This research was aimed
to explain by using art activities and visual aids the food groups that involved
in four-leaf clover is used in Turkey as a visual guide. Study was carried on
totally 50 children (25 of them are test group and 25 of them are control
group) who was on their pre-school education in Esentepe Primary School
and Selcuk University Ihsan Dogramacı Applied Kindergarten in Konya
provincial centre and on the same social-economic level.Four-leaf clover
through arts education was given for four weeks to children, in order to
raising their level of knowledge regarding on food groups, and gaining
positive eating behaviours. Education program consist of group chat, and art
activities made at the desk (collage artist reproductions, painting, cut, paste,
mixed technic etc.). The data were collected using data forms which prepared
by researchers. In the evaluation of the data SPSS 13 statistical package
program was used. According to the study results, it was proved that nutrition
education given to pre-schoolers increased the level of nutrition knowledge
of children, and affected their eating behaviours in a positive way.
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Keywords: History and Art Criticism, Language Games, Rethoric and Truth,
Investigation as A “Work In Progress”.
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ABSTRACT
This study aimed to analyze the ecosystem of an artists. The ecosystem of an
artist is a way of producing an art work of visual artists. In Malaysia, Perak
for particular, there is no research has been conducted on the ecosystem
culture artist yet. Therefore, the objective of this study was to identify an
ecological culture, learn the basic needs of an artist's career and analyze the
influence of the environment in improving the survival of his career with a
focus on artists in the state of Perak alone. Researchers use a variety of
disciplines in the visual arts as a case study in which artist’s career and
ecosystems assessed through artwork and relationship with the environment.
Survival of the artist’s career is dependent on how they work, and ecosystems
heavily influenced by surrounding factors by which it determines the survival
of their careers. The results showed relatively that the ecosystem of an artists
in Malaysia are quite complex where artists working mostly subjective.
Almost all artists discipline facing problems in continuity to be an artist. An
artist must keen to keep drawing and defend why and what they are doing.
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AN INVESTIGATION OF PRESCHOOL
CHILDREN'S TOY PREFERENCES ACCORDING
TO DIFFERENT VARIANTS*
1
F. Ülkü YILDIZ and 2Gökhan KAYILI
Selcuk University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Child
Development, Konya, Turkey,
Correspondence: [email protected], [email protected]
ABSTRACT
The objectives of this research is to determine the toy preferences in Turkish
preschool children acording to different variants. 197 children participated in
this research which 93 are girls and 104 are boys. The participants of this
research, 91 of them are 4 years and 106 of them are 5 years old. Also, all of
children are normal developed who study at kindergarten of state primary
schools and independent kindergarten classes in Konya provinces of
Selcuklu, Karatay and Meram during 2012-2013 school year formed group
of the research. Toy preferences questionnaire was used in this research
which created by researchers. Research data were analyzed using Chi-Square
Test and SPSS 16.0 package program. General result found out at the end of
the research is that the gender of the children were revealed to have impacted
children's toy preferences and the age and socio-economic level of the
children were not revealed to have impacted children's toy preferences.
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ABSTRACT
Teachers are key to improving the quality of education. The quality of
teachers depends on the quality of teacher’s education. The aim of this paper
is to describe how mobile learning (mLearning) could be integrated in teacher
education through developing implementation model of mlearning based
discovery learning. The study used The Interpretive Structural Modelling
(ISM) technique to integrate selected experts’ views to develop the
implementation model. The model consists of mobile discovery learning
activities determined through Fuzzy Delphi method. The findings resulted in
an interpretive structural model of a network of mobile learning activities
integrated with discovery learning activities. The model was evaluated by
the experts. Through the evaluation, the experts found out the activities in
the model could be categorized into four groups: Independent activities,
Linkages activities, Dependent activities and Autonomous activities based on
their driving powers and dependent powers. The categorization of the
activities further complements in guiding the implementation model through
how activities influence or depend on other activities.
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AN INVESTIGATION OF STUDENTS
EMPLOYABILITY SKILLS OF A NEW
ESTABLISHED UNIVERSITY DURING
INDUSTRIAL PLACEMENT
1
Jamaludin Jalani, Nor Haslina Hashim, Md. Zin Ibrahim
University Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia – Batu Pahat Johor
Correspondence: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
Essentially, the students are required to undergo the Industrial Placement
during the study at university level. This allows the students to experience a
real industrial work such that they can be successfully employed after study.
However, there is evident that the employer criterions may differ when
employing the students such as through student’s academic performance,
communication skills and practical knowledge. In this paper, the students’
performance is investigated during industrial placement. The study is based
on 100 final year students of Mechanical Engineering at University Tun
Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM). It is to note that the UTHM is considered a
new university established in 27 September 2000. Thus, the outcomes from
this investigation are crucial to ensure that the students from UTHM are
competitive and marketable for the job employability. The assessment is
carried out by the employers, the lecturers and the students. The study shows
that 75% of UTHM students are ready to be employed. These students in
general are able to clearly express their ideas and confidently in speech and
writing, confidently work within a group, systematically gather information,
initiative and self-motivation, effectively plan and organize, flexible and
aware of the factors that affect the organization. The results also show that
female students are able to work as good as male worker in the organization.
On the other hand, the remaining 15 % of the UTHM students require further
enhancement for job employability skills. A more holistic approach such as
attending the grooming and communication courses are required for the
improvement.
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Malaysia.
Correspondence: [email protected], [email protected],
[email protected], 4 [email protected], [email protected],
[email protected], 7 [email protected], [email protected].
ABSTRACT
To date, graduate programs in some of countries continue to seriously suffer
from severe retardation as they lack tight-knit strategic planning aimed at
advancing these programs to the nth degree. In addition, it is devoid of
academic and educational strategies the outcomes of which can be utilized to
achieve the goal of developing the educational process and therefore the
development of science and human knowledge.
Among its major failures is its failure to produce scientific research topics as
well as a lack of competent university professors, both of which impede the
development of programs for institutional education and the development of
scientific outcomes in those institutions. Such considerations have prompted
the researcher to research the role of graduate research in developing primary
studies.
This paper has been divided into three parts that addresses the underlying
issues and solutions vis-à-vis the educational retardation in creating
orientation programs capable of channeling scientific research at a tertiary
level. The objective is to improve primary education on the one hand and to
improve the process of orienting the topics of higher education on another.
Part 1 investigates how the topics introduced at a tertiary level should be
oriented and how they should relate to the objectives of the educational
institution.
Part 2 investigates the programs capable of improving methodological studies
in educational institutions in accordance with the outcomes of tertiary
education.
Part 3 suggests practical steps that aim at utilizing the outcomes of studies
carried out at the tertiary level.
Although very few studies have been carried out in this area, the researcher
has managed to use samples that thoroughly diagnose the problems put forth
in this study. Moreover, very few studies consist of substantial data and
statistics.
This study is limited spatially to research universities and centers while the
past two decades formed the time boundaries of the study.
This study attempts to identify and explain the role and impact centralized
curricula and research at the tertiary level on improving the level of primary
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education. It highlights the importance of curricula orientation to increase the
qualification of professors and students alike as this is an integral process that
complements one another.
In addition, this study attempts to answer the question of the importance of
these sorts of curricula by highlighting its impact on sustained growth and
development in educational institutions. This is followed by highlighting the
importance of improving the core components of the educational process (i.e.
professors, teachers, and students). Although the impact of most of the entries
of these curricula is no longer invisible, however, we initially presume on the
ground of some primary data that there is a substantial impact of these entries
if gathered in one compendium. We also can presume its integral role in
advancing the components of the educational process.
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ABSTRACT
The average of customers in using instant messenger applications such as
WhatsApp, Blackberry Messenger (BBM),LINE, KakaoTalk, and WeChat in
Indonesia is 40 minutes per customer per day with the number of application
downloaded in Indonesia is the second highest among six countries in South
East Asia. This data is contradictive with frequency of usage application in
Indonesia which is the lowest among other South East Asia countries. This
highest number of downloaded application which is not in line with highest
usage of application is not good for the business. It is important to know the
factors that affect the intention and usage of instant messenger application.
So far, there is no well published research regarding this matter, yet. This
research wants to propose a measurement model to analyze factors that affect
the behavioral intention and usage of instant messenger applications in
Indonesia, especially in Bandung based on UTAUT 2 model from Venkatesh,
Thong, and Xu (2012). The measurement model has been tested by using 30
respondents, the users of instant messenger applications in Bandung. The
pilot test reveals that the measurement model is valid and reliable to be used
for further study.
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(UiTM), Malaysia
Correspondence: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
Malaysia is a multicultural country consisting of many different races. The
three major races are Malays, Chinese and Indians. Each of this races
practices different religion, custom, rituals, language and belief system. Their
choices of sporting activities by these different races were much influenced
by what were practiced by their forefathers (Omar, Abdul, & Puteh 2006).
The purposes of the study were to identify the culture of Terengganu
spectator attendance in Malaysia Cup tournament 2013 and to support for
using the theory of planned behavior for selection of factors in conducting
research regarding why Terengganu football fans attend matches involving
Terengganu team. The objectives of this study were to examine the main
factors of sport events attributes to ethnic group consumer during the
Terengganu Malaysia Cup 2013; to determine the understanding of the
factors that influence ethnic group consumer to attend Terengganu Malaysia
Cup 2013 among Terengganu football fans; to compare sport consumption
dynamics of consumers among ethnic group relative to their affinity to sport
and their sport consumption frequencies in Terengganu Malaysia Cup 2013
among Terengganu football fans. A total of 600 spectators (N=600) had
participated and returned back the questionnaire to the researcher. The
questionnaire was adopted from Planned Behaviors Theory. The reliability
and the validity of the questionnaire were 0.96. The reliability statistics for
events attractiveness were 0.922 event accessibility was 0.881; and event
culture were 0.843. The results were explained by the Spearman’s Rho
Correlation matrix as shown that 3 factors significantly correlated with all the
demographic variables with the significant levels were set at p<0.05 or
p<0.01. From the analysis, the event accessibility shown that the sub-factors
were highly correlated with the demographic variables. The sub factors event
held on weekend; event been held in appropriate time; preferred game at
night; location is strategic; getting to the place is easy; venue is high rank and
venue is convenient location. On event culture on the other hand four sub-
factors significant relation which is with large of people; friendly; bond with
family and spend time with family. The main findings of the research is event
attractiveness indicated that the behaviors of the fans attending the games
partly base on event is challenging, enjoy exploring the skills, enjoy quality
of the players, support local player or team, game make feeling good,
experience of the game, increase community image and players made exiting
game.
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Negeri Sembilan.
Correspondence:[email protected], [email protected],
[email protected], [email protected]
ABSTRACT
Childhood obesity has rapidly becomes a global health issue. Risky health
consequences of being obese have triggered concerns among the society all
over the world. Physical activities engagement is seen as the most important
variable that helps to fight against the onset of obesity. The key factor to be
success in physical activities is through mastery of motor skills proficiency
which is always been neglected during childhood. The purpose of this study
is to compare motor skills proficiency between underweight, normal,
overweight and obese children. Body mass index percentile ranking was
calculated for 112 girls aged 8-10 years old categorized into four groups;
underweight, normal-weight, overweight and obese. Bruininks-Oseretsky
Test (Second Edition) was implemented to evaluate the children’s motor
skills proficiency. Meanwhile, body composition was determined by skinfold
thickness measurement. Results indicate that obese children display the worst
performance especially in locomotors and balance skills which highly
affected by excessive weight (p < 0.05). A strong correlation was noted
between motor skills proficiency and body composition (r = -0.78).
Inefficiency of biomechanical movement while performing the skills is
affected by excessive body fat carried by obese children. Therefore, to
combat obesity among children aged 8-10 years it is recommended that the
motor skills proficiency of these children should be given more attention.
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Health finance proved to be the strongest factor for a successful school health
service. The recognition of the importance of school health by the
government and private owners of Higher Education Institutions also
contribute to the improvement of health services in schools.
It is advised that linkages should be established between government and
non-government agencies for sustenance of the health program in terms of its
health finances, that a strong recognition of the importance of should health
should be made by the government and private owners of HEIs, and that the
program forwarded herein be followed to enhance their school health
program.
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ABSTRACT
Visual education of art is a method aiming at forming multiple viewpoints on
a subject, which does not contain only theorical information or practice. It is
important not to be contented with enriching and developing only the artistic
inventiveness of children and also with structuring their skills towards the
comprehension of the relation with various cultural, social and historical
environment of visual arts. Uniting of art training with different disciplines
and different cultures is to provide for a child to look and question this course
and work of art through different perspectives by enriching it. In this study
that aims at uniting the training of visual arts as a field of discipline with the
training of nutrition as another field of discipline, it is purposed to examine
visual work of art that appear as a result of the use of Food Clover by some
art activities and visual materials are presented. The study is performed with
30 children who are five years old and receive a preschool education in the
Private Esentepe Primary School, which is in the centrum of Konya City. This
study has been done, getting benefitted from some qualitative data collecting
methods like observation, negotiation and document analysis. For the
analysis of data, the descriptive analysis approach has been used. By these
studies, it is seen that children are able to express the information, emotion,
thought, and culture of four-leaf clover to other adults via their paintings.
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University, Japan
Correspondence: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
Smoking is the inhalation of smoke of burning tobacco encased in cigarettes,
pipes, and cigars. Smoking is a modifiable risk factor of hearing loss. The
aim of this study was to explore mean hearing thresholds among smokers and
non-smokers in an automobile industry. In this cross-sectional study, 203
participants from an automobile industry were exposed to noise levels above
the action level of 85 dBA, where permissible exposure limits was 90 dBA.
Universal sampling was adopted. Smoking history was obtained from a
questionnaire. Noise level of the industry was measured using personal
exposure noise dosimeter and sound level meter. Data on hearing threshold
levels were measured using manual audiometer. The mean hearing threshold
level on right ear of participants at 2000 Hz was statistically significantly
higher among smokers compared to non-smokers, [2.97 (95% CI, 0.41 to
5.53) dBA, t (201) = 2.29, p = 0.023, effect size = 0.38]. The mean hearing
threshold levels on left ear at 2000 Hz and 3000 Hz were also statistically
significantly higher among smokers compared to non-smokers, [1.88 (95%
CI, 0.01 to 3.75) dBA, t (201) = 1.99, p = 0.048, effect size = 0.31] and [3.18
(95% CI, 1.05 to 5.31) dBA, t (201) = 2.94, p = 0.004, effect size = 0.46].
Hence, smokers showed worsening of hearing thresholds at 2000 (both ears)
and 3000 Hz (left ear) in a noisy industry. Therefore, the industries should
review their policy by banning smoking in the premise which may lower the
risk of noise-induced hearing loss.
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ABSTRACT
In this paper, we have further upgraded the limitation of our third version of
Richardson’s extrapolation spreadsheet calculator for computing
differentiations numerically. In the third version, users have to input function
f(x) using Excel Command. However, in this latest Richardson’s
extrapolation spreadsheet calculator, users only have to type in function f(x)
naturally via programming syntax or mathematical form instead of using
Excel command. Using one customized written function in VBA
programming, the function f(x) is later evaluated in Excel. The latest version
is more user-friendly especially to users who are not familiar with Excel. We
believe this is the ideal version.
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Correspondence: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
Radiation therapy has been used in cancer treatment for many decades;
although effective in killing tumor cells, ROS produced in radiotherapy
threaten the integrity and survival of surrounding normal cells. Recent studies
have indicated that some commonly used medicinal plants may be good
sources of potent but non-toxic radioprotectors. The pomegranate, Punica
granatum L., an ancient, mystical, and highly distinctive fruit, is the
predominant member of the Punicaceae family. It is used in several systems
of medicine for a variety of ailments. The objective of the present study was
to investigate the protective effects of ethanolic extracts of pomegranate
whole fruit (EPWF) and Synthetic Ellagic acid (EA) against Electron beam
radiation(EBR) induced biochemical and hematological alterations in Swiss
albino mice. The extract and synthetic compound were assessed for its radical
scavenging property by DPPH and FRAP assays. The animals were treated
with 200mg/kg body wt. of pomegranate extract and Ellagic acid for 15 days
before exposure to 6Gy of EBR. The hematological parameters were
determined in the blood and biochemical estimations were carried out in the
serumof sacrificed animals. The plant extract and synthetic compound
exhibited good radical scavenging and reducing properties. The pretreated
animals exhibited protective effect on the hematological parameters.
Radiation induced depletion in the level of reduced glutathione and total
antioxidant capacity were prevented significantly by EPWF and EA
administration. Also there was significant reduction in the levels of
membrane lipid peroxidation in the treated groups compared to irradiated
control. The findings of our study indicate the protective efficacy of
pomegranate extract and synthetic ellagic acid on radiation induced
biochemical and hematological changes in mice may be due to its free radical
scavenging and increased antioxidant levels.
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EVALUATION OF IMMUNOMODULATION
WITH RESPONSE TO THE SYNERGISTIC
EFFECTS OF 2DEOXY-D-GLUCOSE AND
ALLIUM SATIVUM EXTRACTS ON NORMAL
AND TUMOR CELLS AGAINST ELECTRON
BEAM IRRADIATION
1
Sukanya Shetty, 1Suchetha Kumari, 2Shama Rao, 2Yogish Somayaji,
and 3Madhu.
1Department of Biochemistry, K.S.Hegde Medical Academy, 2Department
Mangalore, India.
Correspondence: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
In all the stages of tumor development from tumorogenesis till metastasis many
of the cytokines play an important role with in the tumor micro environment.
However the mechanisms by which they modulate the cancer suppression or
propagation are incompletely understood. IL-4 was proved to induce cathepsin
protease activity in tumor associated macrophages to promote cancer growth and
invasion. Tumor necrosis factor is a pro inflammatory cytokine whose role is
known to be chronic inflammatory diseases. Its anticancer effect is multifactorial
as TNF can cause vascular necrosis, direct apoptotic effects on cells and also free
radical induced cell death. More recently TNF-alpha has been found to have
precancerous effects in mouse skin model TNF induced carcinogenesis. In the
present work, we studied the modulatory effect of TNF-alpha and IL-6 expression
with response to the synergistic effects of 2deoxy D Glucose and Allium sativum
extracts on normal and tumor cells against electron beam irradiation. Human
PBMCs were cultured inRPMI-1640 medium supplemented with 20% FBS and
phytohaemagglutinin and HeLa cell line was maintained in high glucose DMEM
medium supplemented with 10% FBS. Cultures were pre-treated with different
concentrations of Allium sativum and 2-deoxy glucose individually and in
combination 1hour before to radiation and then exposed to EBR which is
considered as pre-treated group, another set was exposed to radiation and after
30min treated with same concentrations of Allium sativum and 2-deoxy glucose.
After 24 hour using media TNF-alpha and IL-6 expression was studied using
sandwich ELISA method. The TNF-alpha expression was decreased in irradiated
group in both lymphocytes and HeLa cells. The expression of TNF-alpha
increased in HeLa cells post treated with 1mM and 5mM 2DG. In lymphocytes
treated with 1mM 2DG shown increased TNF-alpha expression. But expression
of TL-6 was more in radiation control than normal untreated control. Expression
of IL-6 was reached 1076.9 in lymphocytes treated with 1mM 2DG prior to
radiation. In Allium sativum treated group also it was more than control group but
none significantly less than radiation control group. In HeLa cells IL-6 expression
was more in control group, after exposing to 4Gy radiation IL-6 expression was
reduced. HeLa cells treated with 5mM 2DG showed highest expression of IL-6.
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TRACK D: ENGINEERING
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