Design of Linearly Polarized Sinuous Antenna PDF
Design of Linearly Polarized Sinuous Antenna PDF
Design of Linearly Polarized Sinuous Antenna PDF
ABSTRACT:Sinuous Antenna, the most recent Frequency Independent Antenna, invented by R.H.DuHamel in the
year 1987 is a derivative of spiral antenna. It hasN identical sinuous arms extending outward from a common point
and arranged symmetrically on a surface comprising of bends and curves.Each cell is interleaved without
connecting between adjacent cells of otherarm. The major advantages of sinuous antenna are in terms of
polarization, bandwidth and its self-complementary structure. It can provide dual linear as well as dual circular
polarization and is having a flexible bandwidth. It is also having a low profile geometry compared to other patch
antennas for similar performances. These features make it suitable for various applications like surveillance for
military and civil systems such as direction finding systems, radar warning receivers and reflector feeds due to their
superior broadband characteristics and simultaneous polarization capability. In this paper, a 2- arm self-
complementary sinuous antenna in the range of 2.5-6GHz is introduced. The sinuous antenna is fed with a Balun in
order to provide unbalance to balance transformation. Tapered Balun also provides impedance transformation and
matching in this realization. A cavity backing is provided in order to make the pattern unidirectional. This paper
also describes how a loaded cavity backing improves the return loss with the help of relevant results. Andfinally the
parameters of sinuous antenna like return loss, beam pattern and gain are compared over the frequency band.
Stimulated design and analysis are carried out, to optimise the configuration. Hardware design and realisationare the
final goals.
I.INTRODUCTION
Ultra Wideband Antennas can cover wide range of frequencies. The key mechanism for radiation in UWB antenna is
charge acceleration. The basic question that can arise is which kind of structures facilitates the charge acceleration over
the very wide band. UWB radiation is based on certain principles.
Frequency independent antennas exhibit constant electromagnetic properties along the frequency that is a scaled version
of a radiating structure must exhibit the same characteristics like the original one, when fed with a signal whose
wavelength is scaled by same factor. The radiating behaviour is expected to be independent of frequency. Self-
complementary structure means the metal can be replaced by the dielectric and vice versa without changing the antenna
structure. Multiple resonant antennas will be a combination of multiple, narrow band radiating element. Electrically
small antennas are the antenna which is small in size. These antennas are equally bad in the frequency of operation
because of their impedance mismatch. By giving a proper impedance transformation it can be made as UWB antennas,
example hertizian dipole. Travelling wave antenna uses a travelling wave on a guided structure as the main radiating
mechanism. Generally they are of two types. One is slow wave in which the guided wave is a slow wave and the second
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one is the fast wave which uses fast wave as guided wave example Vivaldi Antenna. In this paper, a two arm, linearly
polarized sinuous antenna is designed to work in the frequency range of 2.5 to 6GHz. The antenna should be designed
in such a way that the VSWR should be less than or equal to 2 or return loss should be lea than -10dB. This means that,
from overall input power, 89% is transferred and only 10% is reflected back.
Sinuous Antenna is invented R H DuHamal in the year 1987. He designed sinuous having N identical arms extending
outward and it consists of bends and curves. In the year 2008, Michael C. Buck studies both 2 arm planar sinuous and
conical sinuous. He concluded that planar 2 arm sinuous required cavity backing in order to make the radiation patter
unidirectional where as in the case of conical 2 arm sinuous, cavity backing is not required and has superior impedance
matching. In 2010 SandeepPalreddy compared the improvement in return loss in the presence of a loaded cavity with an
unloaded cavity. HosseinEmami, NiushaSarkhosh, Elias Roberto Lopez Lara, and Arnan Mitchell in 2012, designed a
reconfigurable photonic feed sinuous antenna.
III.DESIGN PRINCIPLE
Sinuous antenna is a type of log periodic antenna, defined based on angles and growth rate or the expansion rate. Its
arms are generated using the equation
πln
φ(r) = (−1) α sin
ln (τ )
Where r and φ are the polar coordinates,‘p’ is the total number of arms of the sinuous antenna, is the angle which
includes the effective radiating length and is the rotation angle. The curve swings between φ = ±(α + ). ‘r’
denotes the inner radius and Rp is the radius of the pth cell. is the growth rate with which the arms of the antenna
grows. Radius of each cell of the antenna is related to the radius of the previous cell by the equation
(τ = R ⁄R )
The growth rate should be always less than unity. As the growth rate tends to infinity, the curve will be a straight line.
The value of and are taken as 45 and 22.5 respectively. In order to design sinuous antenna, different tools like
CST, AutoCAD and Antenna Magus can be used. As the equation of the curve is in polar coordinates, it should be
converted to Cartesian coordinate if CST is used. Using Auto lisp program, the curve can be generated. Antenna Magus
is the powerful tool in order to design complex structures like sinuous. The design can be then exported to CST for
further optimization.
cable is of 50Ω, an impedance matching should be provided. So in order to provide impedance matching as well as
unbalance to balance transformation, a linearly tapered balun is used.
VI.SIMULATION RESULTS
Antenna is designed on a substrate called RT Duroid 5870 whose dielectric constant is 2.1 and tan is .00012.
Thickness of the substrate is taken as 60mil ie 1.016 mm. Antenna is optimized by varying parameters like α, and .
In this paper, α is taken as 50 degree, as 22.5 and = 0.786. A linearly tapered balun is designed in the defined
range.It is made on the same material as that of antenna substrate. Then the balun is inserted to the centre of the
antennaAntenna structure and their respective return loss is as shown in Fig 3 and Fig 4.
The result shows a return loss of -10dB which means that from the total input power, only 11% is reflected and 89% is
transferred
After optimizing the individual results, cavity backing is given to the antenna. The cavity is made up of metal with a
thickness of 1mm. Then the cavity is filled with an absorbing material Eccosorb FGM- 40. It is a thin sheet type
material. Fig 5 and 6 shows the perspective view and the side view of the antenna respectively.
The antenna is simulated and the return loss and unidirectional radiation pattern at high frequency is as shown below
The cavity backed sinuous is optimized by varying different parameters like thickness of the absorbing material, the
metal thickness.
Finally a unidirectional radiation pattern is obtained with a realized gain of 6.102 dB at highest frequency of 6GHz.
VII.CONCLUSION
Sinuous Antenna is designed in the frequency range of 2.5 to 6GHz with an overall diameter of 80mm and thickness of
1.016mm is presented. The return loss is attained is 10dB at the entire frequency range. Still there is scope for
optimization of the return loss by fine tuning of the balun. Comparisons of simulated and measured results are the
future works.
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