KPK 10th Maths ch06 KM PDF
KPK 10th Maths ch06 KM PDF
1 91
Chapter 6
Measure of location is more or the less the
always different from one individual to another Exp2: Height of 30 students of 10th class in cm
is known as a variable. are as follows. Construct group frequency table
Discrete Variable: A variable that can take only 162,165,170,170,162,159,162,163,175,166,
some specific values present in the data is 171,174,155,160,173,140,145,140,146,150,
called discrete variable. 172,158,155,163,165,171,153,158,149,153.
Continuous variable: A variable that can take Sol: Minimum value = 140, Maximum value=175
Range =175-140=35 Let number of groups = 7
every possible value in a given interval (a to b
175 140
say) is known as continuous variable. Thus width of group = 5
Ungrouped Data: Numerical facts which are 7
obtained on the first hand and recorded as they Group Boundaries f
stand are known as ungrouped data. 139-144 138.5-144.5 140,140 2
Grouped data: The data that have gone 145-150 144.5-150.5 146,150,149,145 4
through some statistical process 151-156 150.5-156.5 155,155,153,153 4
Classification: Classification is a process of 157-162 156.5-162.5 162,162,159,162, 7
arranging the data into certain groups or classes 158,158,160
of similar characteristics. 163-168 162.5-168.5 165,163,165,163, 5
Class Limits: Each class or group is defined by 166
two values, one is small and the other is large. 169-174 168.5-174.5 170,170,171,174, 7
The smaller one is known as the lover class limit 173,172,171
175-180 174.5-180.5 175 1
and larger one is known as upper class limit.
Width or Length of class interval: The f 30
numerical difference between the upper or Exp3: Construct frequency table of the weight of
lower limits of any two consecutive classes is 30 students are the following data by using 5 as
called width or length of class interval. a class interval. Find the class boundaries and
Class Mark The midpoint of any class is known class marks also.
as class mark. 25,30,40,21,24,25,36,30,45,50,22,25,36,46,35,
Class Boundaries: Class boundaries are the 38,40,28,34,45,42,46,38,48,28,29,31,33,30,26
actual lower and upper class limits in a class. Sol: Maximum = 50, minimum = 21
Class Frequency; The number of occurrences Group Boundaries f
of items corresponding to the class interval is 21-25 20.5-25.5 25,21,24,25,22,25 6
known as class frequency. 26-30 25.5-30.5 30,30,30,26,28, 7
Frequency Distribution: The distribution of 28,29,
data through which items of data are classified 31-35 30.5-35.5 35,34,31,33 4
into certain groups or classes and the number 36-40 35.5-40.5 40,36,36,38,40,38 6
of items lying in each group or class is put 41-45 40.5-45.5 45,42,45 3
against that group or class is known as
46-50 45.5-50.5 50,46,46,48 4
Frequency Distribution.
Histogram: Histogram is a graph of adjacent f 30
rectangles. Exp4: Construct a Histogram from the table
Frequency Polygon: A resulting graph Class interval 20-29 30-39 40-49 50-59 60-69
Frequency 1 2 3 2 1
obtained by joining all the midpoints of top sides
of rectangles in a histogram is called frequency Sol: To draw a histogram class boundaries are
polygon. marked along x-axis and frequencies of each
Measure of Location or Center Tendency: class are marked along Y-axis
Khalid Mehmood Lecturer GDC Shah Essa Bilot Sharif Available at www.mathcity.org
Exercise 6.1 92
Chapter 6
Class Limits Class Frequency Limits Boundaries Class marks Marks f
Boundaries 35-44 34.5-44.5 40,35 2
20-29 19.5-29.5 1 45-54 44.5-54.5 50,49,46,47, 4
30-39 29.5-39.5 2 55-64 60,56,58,57,63
54.5-64.5 5
40-49 39.5-49.5 3
65-74 64.5-74.5 65,70,74,72,67, 10
50-59 49.5-59.5 2 66,74,66,68,69,
60-69 59.5-69.5 1 75-84 74.5-84.5 76,82,83,76,825
Histogram from equal intervals 85-94 84.5-94.5 85,90,88,90 4
f = 30
Q2) Following are mistakes made by a group
of students of class 10th in a test of essay
writing. Using an appropriate size of class
interval, make a frequency distribution and also
indicate the number of class intervals.
Exp5: Draw Histogram for 4,7,12,9,21,16,3,19,17,24,14,15,8,13,11,16,15,
Class 30- 40- 44- 55- 70- 80- 90-
Limits 39 43 54 69 79 89 99 6,5,8,11,20,18,22,6
F 10 12 44 75 40 30 10 Sol: Minimum value= 3, Maximum value = 24
Sol: Histogram with unequal class intervals. In Class size=3 so, no of interval= 24 3 3 7
construction of histogram, we must ensure that area
of rectangle are proportional to class frequencies.
Class Tally
Frequency (f)
interval
Therefore using adjusted frequency f h
3–5 3,4,5 3
Limits Boundaries h f Adjusted
Frequency
6–8 6,6,7, 8, 8, 5
30-39 29.5-39.5 10 10 1 9 – 11 9, 12, 11, 11, 4
40-43 39.5-43.5 4 12 3 12 – 14 14,15, 13, 3
44-54 43.5-54.5 11 44 4 15 – 17 15, 16, 17, 16, 4
18 - 20 18, 19, 20, 3
55-69 54.5-69.5 15 75 5
70-79 69.5-79.5 10 40 4 22 – 24 21, 24, 22, 3
80-89 79.5-89.5 10 30 3 f 25
90-99 89.5-99.5 10 10 1 Q3. Draw the histogram for
Limits 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54
F 1 3 4 5 4 2 1
Sol: For Histogram
Class Class Number of
Interval Boundaries Person (f)
20-24 19.5-24.5 1
25-29 24.5-29.5 3
Exp6: Construct a frequency polygon for 30-34 29.5-34.5 4
Class 20- 30- 40- 50- 60- 70- 80-
Limits 29 39 49 59 69 79 89 35-39 34.5-39.5 5
F 1 3 4 5 4 2 1 40-44 39.5-44.5 4
Sol: 45-49 44.5-49.5 2
Limits Boundaries h f 50-54 49.5-54.5 1
20-29 19.5-29.5 24.5 1
30-39 29.5-39.5 34.5 3
40-49 39.5-49.5 44.5 4
50-59 49.5-59.5 54.5 5
60-69 59.5-69.5 64.5 4
70-79 69.5-79.5 74.5 2
80-89 79.5-89.5 84.5 1 Q4. The following data give the weights in kg
of the students in the 10th class.
25,30,32,29,24,40,36,37,28,27,41,42,35,39,31,
32,34,42,40,43,36,26,22,23,42,39,35,41,39,29
Sol: Maximum=22 Minimum=43
Choose class size = 5
C- Mid Boundaries Marks F
Limits Point
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Exercise 6.2 94
Chapter 6
Q3: In a city during the first week of August iv). Class interval of all classes.
rainfall recorded is as follows. Construct a Answer = h U L so h= 59.5-49.5 = 10
cumulative frequency graph v). Lower class boundary of 5th class
Answer = 79.5
Sol: Since day are continuous
Q3: Construct an Ogive for
Day Rainfall in Cumulative
Salary Groups Workers
ml frequency
4000-5000 3
Sunday 70 70
5001-6000 5
Monday 40 70 + 40 = 110
6001-7000 12
Tuesday 30 110 + 30 = 140
7001-8000 9
Wednesday 35 140 + 35 = 175
8001-9000 5
Thursday 50 175 + 50 = 225
9001-10 000 4
Friday 55 225 + 55 = 280
10 001-11 000 2
Saturday 80 280 + 80 = 360
Sol: Cumulative frequency distribution
For Cumulative frequency graph Salary Class Boundaries
f c. f
Groups
4000-5000 3999.5-5000.5 3 3
5001-6000 5000.5-6000.5 5 8
6001-7000 6000.5-7000.5 12 20
7001-8000 7000.5-8000.5 9 29
8001-9000 8000.5-9000.5 5 34
9001-10 000 9000.5-10 000.5 4 38
10 001-11 000 10 000.5-11 000.5 2 40
Q4. Draw less than and more than cumulative
frequency polygon for
Marks 40-49 50-59 60-69 70-79 80-89 90-99
Students
1 2 3 4 5 6
Sol: Cumulative frequency distribution
Marks Boundaries f c. f
40-49 39.5-49.5 1 1 21
50-59 49.5-59.5 2 3 20
60-69 59.5-69.5 3 6 18
70-79 69.5-79.5 4 10 15 Arithmetic Mean for ungroup Data
80-89 79.5-89.5 5 15 11
Sum of quantities
90-99 89.5-99.5 6 21 6 Arithmetic Mean=
Number of quantities
By Short-cut Method
x a
Dx where x = arithmetic mean
n
a = assume mean, n total number of values
Dx x a ( Deviation from provisional mean)
Exp10i). Find A.M of 2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Sol: x
9
54
x
9
Thus x 6
Q5. Determine from Q4 Exp10ii). Find A.M of 2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10 by
i). Number of students who obtained more than shortcut method.
50 marks Sol: Let assume mean = 6
answer: 21-1=20
ii). Number of students who obtained less than
x Dx x a , a 6
70 marks 2 2-6 = - 4
Answer = 1+2+3=6 3 3-6 = -3
iii). Number of students who secured marks 4 4-6= -2
between 50 and 70. 5 5-6 = -1
Answer = 2+3=5 6 6-6= 0
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Exercise 6.2 95
Chapter 6
7 7-6= 1 105-109 107 24 2568
8 8-6 = 2
110-114 112 19 2016
9 9-6 = 3
10 10-6 = 4 115-119 117 9 1053
Dx 0 120-124 122 3 366
Using x a
Dx putting values f 85 f .x 8968
n Mean price of generators
0
x 6
9 x
f .x
Thus x6
f
8968
Arithmetic Mean for Group Data x
85
x
f .x x . f 1 1 x2 . f 2 x3 . f3 xn . f n
x 105.5 hundred rupees
f f1 f 2 f3 f n
x 10550 rupees
A. M for Group Data by Short cut Method
Exp12ii): the price of 2kw generators are given
x a
f .D x
where x = arithmetic mean along frequencies. Find mean by shortcut method
f Price 90- 95- 100- 105- 110- 115- 120-
a = assume mean, f total number of values 94 99 104 109 114 119 124
f 4 11 15 24 18 9 3
Dx x a ( Deviation from provisional mean)
Sol: price are in hundred rupees Let a 107
Exp11: In a coaching class of 13 students, a
Interval x f Dx x a f .x
test was conducted, and marks obtained are 92-107=-15
90-94 92 4 -60
10,12,12,14,9,18,9,13,16,9,17,16,14. Make 97-107=-10
95-99 97 11 -110
frequency table and find arithmetic mean. 102-107=-5
100-104 102 15 -75
Sol: Frequency table 107-107=0
105-109 107 24 0
x f f .x
110-114 112 19 112-107=5 95
9 3 27 117-107=10
115-119 117 9 90
10 1 10 122-107=15
120-124 122 3 45
12 2 24
85 -15
13 1 13
Using short cut method for assume mean
14 2 28
x a
f .D x putting the values
16 2 32
f
17 1 17
15
x 107
18 1 18 85
f 13 f .x 169 x 107 0.17
x
f .x 169 x 10683 rupees
f 13 Median for ungroup Data
Data should be in increasing order and
Thus x 13 n 1
Median = th item( when n is odd )
Exp12i): the price of 2kw generators are 2
given along frequencies. Find mean Median = 1 n th item + n+2 th item (when n is even)
90- 95- 100- 105- 110- 115- 120-
22 2
Price
94 99 104 109 114 119 124 Exp13: Find the median for 2,4,5,6,3
f 4 11 15 24 18 9 3 Sol: In increasing order 2,3,4,5,6 and
Sol: price are in hundred rupees number of quantities = 5 which is odd
Interval X:midvalue f f .x 5 1
Median th item
90-94 92 4 368 2
95-99 97 11 1067 Median = 3rd item
So, Median =4
100-104 102 15 1530
Khalid Mehmood Lecturer GDC Shah Essa Bilot Sharif Available at www.mathcity.org
Exercise 6.2 96
Chapter 6
Exp14: Daily pocket money in rupees for children 1
of a family 10,20,15,30. Calculate median
Median 6th 7th items
2
Sol: In increasing order 10,15,20,30. 1 1
Median 22 25 45
And number of quantities = 4 which is even 2 2
14 42 Median = 22.5
Median th th items
22 2 Medians for Group data (continuous data)
Median
2
1 nd
2 3rd items Median = L
h n
c For Group data where
f 2
1 35
Median 10 15 l =Lower class boundary of median class
2 2 h = Magnitude (Length) of Class interval,
Median =17.5 rupees f frequency of median class
c = cumulative frequency of preceding median class
Median for Group data (Discrete Data)
Exp17: Find median of the distribution
In a frequency distribution if f is odd Wages 60-69 70-79 80-89 90-99 100-109
Labour 4 6 8 10 5
Median f 1 th item Sol: cumulative frequency distribution
2
Wages Boundaries f c. f
In a frequency distribution if f is even 60-69 59.5-69.5 4 4
70-79 69.5-79.5 6 10
Median 1
f f 2
th items 80-89 79.5-89.5 8 18
2 2 2 90-99 89.5-99.5 10 28
100-109 99.5-109.5 5 33
Exp15: Marks obtained by 35 students in test
x 10 12 15 20 25 30 Median class
f
n 33
16.5
2 2 2
f 1 10 5 13 2 4 contains in the interval [80,89]
Sol: Cumulative distribution for discrete data h n
Median l c
x f c. f f 2
10 1 1 10
Median 79.5 16.5 10
12 10 11 8
79.5 8.125
15 5 16
20 13 29 87.625
25 2 31 Mode of ungroup data
12-16 6 Students 3 4 10 11
16-20 2 Sol:
Marks x f log xi f .log xi
64
Mode 12
2 6 4 2 4 0-20 10 3 1 3
20-40 30 4 1.4771 5.9084
2 4
12 40-60 50 10 1.6989 16.989
6
13.33 60-80 70 11 1.8450 20.295
Geometric Mean of ungroup data f 28 f .log x i 46.1924
GM n x1 x2 x3 ... xn or
1
Using GM anti log f .log xi put
f
1
GM x1 x2 x3 ... xn n some time we can
1
not calculate with the help of calculator so, GM anti log 46.1924
28
Taking log on both sides
GM anti log 1.6497
1
log GM log x1 x2 x3 ... xn GM=44.64
n
Harmonic Mean of ungroup data
1
log GM log x1 log x2 log x3 log xn n
n H .M
1 1 1 1
1
log GM log xi x1 x2 x3 xn
n
Taking anti-log on both sides n
HM
1
1
GM anti log log xi x
n i
Exp21. Find Geometric Mean of the marks Exp23: Find Harmonic mean of 5,6,8,9 and 10
Khalid Mehmood Lecturer GDC Shah Essa Bilot Sharif Available at www.mathcity.org
Exercise 6.2 98
Chapter 6
Harmonic Mean of Group data It is succession of averages derived from the
successive segments of series of values. It is
H .M
f continuously recomputed as new data becomes
f1 f 2 f3 f
n available. If progresses by dropping the earliest
x1 x2 x3 xn
value and adding the latest value.
Or
HM
f Exp26: During the first week of May, daily
f
x i
temperatures were recorded as given in table.
Calculate 3-day moving average temperature.
i
Exp24: Find Harmonic mean for Days Sat Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri
Classes 0-6 6-12 12-18 18-24 24-30
40 37 36 38 37 41 39
Temperature
f 1 2 5 4 6
Sol:
Sol: Days Temperature 3-day moving Average
x1w1 x2 w2 x3 w3 xn wn f 1 5 7 2 6 4
xw
w1 w2 w3 wn Sol: Cumulative frequency distribution
xw
xw i i
Classes Boundaries f c. f
w i
10-14 9.5-14.5 1 1
15-19 14.5-19.5 5 6
Exp25: Marks obtained by students in maths
English, Urdu and Statistics were 70,60,80,65 20-24 19.5-24.5 7 13
respectively. Find the average weight of 2,1,3,1 25-29 24.5-29.5 2 15
are assigned to marks. 30-34 29.5-34.5 6 21
Sol: 35-39 34.5-39.5 4 25
xi wi xi wi
70 2 140
60 1 60
80 3 240
65 1 65
Sum 7 505
Now using xw
xw i i
Putting values n 25
Median th item = th item =12.5th item
w i 2 2
505 Median = 24.14
xw 72.14
7 Exp28: Find mode graphically from
Moving Mean of ungroup data x 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54
f 1 4 8 11 15 9 2
Khalid Mehmood Lecturer GDC Shah Essa Bilot Sharif Available at www.mathcity.org
Exercise 6.3 99
Chapter 6
Sol: Location of Q3 3n 3 22 16.5th =30 Marks
Classes Boundaries f 4 4
1st Quartile Q1
n 42 42-36=6
4 27 27-36=-9
n 31 31-36=-5
2nd Quartile Q2 Median
2
43 43-36=7
3n
3rd Quartile Q3 49 49-36=13
4
50 50-36=14
Exp29. Find Q1 & Q3 from
Sum=18
Marks 0-10 10-20 20-30 30-40 40-50
Using x a
Dx
putting values
f 3 5 9 3 2 n
Sol: there is no gap in intervals so x 36
18
37.8
10
Marks f c. f
Q3. Using an assumed mean, find the mean of
0-10 3 3 following numbers 1242, 1248, 1252, 1244, 1249
10-20 5 8 Solution: Let Assumed mean a = 1244
X D=x–a D= x–a
20-30 9 17 1242 1242-1244 -2
30-40 3 20 1244 1244-1244 0
40-50 2 22 1248 1248-1244 4
1249 1249-1244 5
1252 1252-1244 8
D 15
x a
D
n
15
x 1244
5
x 1244 3
x 1247
Q4: Find mean marks obtained by students of
n 22
Location of Q1 5.5th =15 marks 9th class in maths.
4 4 Score 0-15 16-31 32-47 48-63 64-75
f 0 10 40 70 45
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Exercise 6.3 100
Chapter 6
Solution: Sum of quantities
Arithmetic Mean=
Score x LU2
(f) fx Number of quantities
990
0-15 7.5 0 0 Arithmetic Mean=
16-31 23.5 10 235 15
32-47 39.5 40 1580 Arithmetic Mean=66
1
48-63 55.5 70 3885 Geometric Mean Antilog log x
64-75 69.5 45 3127.5 n
f 165 fx 8827.5 1
Geometric Mean Antilog 27.2770
Using formula of arithmetic mean for group data 15
x
fx Geometric Mean Antilog 1.8185
f
8827.5 Geometric Mean 65.83
x
165 Now Median when n = 15 which is odd
x 53.5
n 1
Q5i): Find the median of Heights of boys in Median th term
2
inches 64, 65, 65, 66, 66, 67
16
Sol: Given data is arrange Median th term
Number of the terms = 6 which is even 2
1 6 62 Median 8th term
Median th th terms
22 2 Median 67
1 Mode = Most repeating term
Median
2
3rd 4th terms Mode = 71
1
Median 65 66 Q7: A set of data contains the values of 148,
2 145, 160, 157, 156, & 160 show that Mode >
1
Median 131 65.5 Median > Mean
2
Q5ii). Find the median of Salaries of 8 workers Sol: A.Mean= Sum of quantities
Number of quantities
of a factory 7000, 6600, 8000, 4500, 7500,
11000, 9000, 7500 148+145+160 157+156+160
Mean=
Sol: First we arrange the given data 6
4500, 6600, 7000, 7500, 7500, 8000, 9000, 11000 926
Number of the terms = 8 which is even Mean= 154.3
6
1 8 82
Median th th terms Now For Median Arrange the given numbers
22 2 145,148,156,157,160,160,
1
Median
2
4th 5th terms Number of the terms = 6 which is even
1 6 62
Median th th terms
1
Median 7500 7500 22 2
2 1
1
Median
2
3rd 4th terms
Median 150 00 7500 1
2 Median
2
156 157
Q6 Find the Arithmetic mean, Geometric Median 156.5
mean, median and mode of the following data Mode = Most repeating term
58, 59, 60, 62, 64, 64, 65, 67, 67, 68, 70, 71, Mode = 160
71, 71, 73 Thus Mode > Median > Mean
Sol: i.e., 160 > 156.5 > 154.3
S.N0 X Log x Q8. From this distribution
1 58 1.7634
Wages 112-116 117-121 122-126 127-131 132-136
2 59 1.7709
Workers 3 20 11 4 5
3 60 1.7782
4 62 1.7924 i). Construct a frequency table
5 64 1.8062
6 64 1.8062 ii). Find class boundaries for each group
7 65 1.8129 iii). Calculate Median, Mode, Harmonic mean
8 67 1.8261 and Geometric mean for the table.
9 67 1.8261
10 68 1.8325 Sol. Cumulative frequency table
11 70 1.8451 Wages Boundaries x f c. f
12 71 1.8513 112-116 111.5-116.5 114 3 f0 3
13 71 1.8513
14 71 1.8513 117-121 116.5-121.5 119 20 fm 23
15 73 1.8633 122-126 121.5-126.5 124 34
11 f1
990 27.2770
127-131 126.5-131.5 129 4 38
132-136 131.5-136.5 134 5 43
Khalid Mehmood Lecturer GDC Shah Essa Bilot Sharif Available at www.mathcity.org
Exercise 6.3 101
Chapter 6
For Median f
43
21.5 so median
Classes Boundaries f c. f
2 2 10-14 9.5-14.5 1 1
class is [117,121] using formula 15-19 14.5-19.5 3 4
h n 20-24 19.5-24.5 7 11
Median l c
f 2 25-29 24.5-29.5 12 23
5
116.5 21.5 3 30-34 29.5-34.5 2 25
20
1
116.5 18.5
4
Median = 121.125
fm f0
Now Mode l h
2 f m f 0 f1
f m contains[117,121]. so, n 25
1st Quartile Q1 8.25
20 3 4 4
Mode 116.5 5
2 20 3 11 Corresponding value =21
17 5 n 25
2nd Quartile Q2 12.5 Median
116.5 2 2
27
Corresponding value =25
Mode = 119.648
Wages x 3n 3 25
f f x 3rd Quartile Q3 18.75
112-116 114 3 3/114=0.026
4 4
117-121 119 20 20/119=0.168 Corresponding value =28
122-126 124 11 11/124=0.089
127-131 129 4 4/129=0.031
132-136 134 5 5/134=0.037
Sum 43 0.351
Using formula HM
f putting
f
x i
Khalid Mehmood Lecturer GDC Shah Essa Bilot Sharif Available at www.mathcity.org
Exercise 6.4 102
Chapter 6
Exp32: Calculate the range 12 12-10=2 2
Classes 5-9 10-14 15-19 20-24 25-29
14 14-10=4 16
f 10 15 12 21 3
Sum 40
Sol:
x x
2
Classes Boundaries Frequency
40
5-9 4.5-9.5 10 S .D 8
10-14 9.5-14.5 15 n 5
8
2
15-19 14.5-19.5 12 Variance S 2 8
20-24 19.5-24.5 21
25-29 24.5-29.5 3 Exp35: Find standard deviation and variance
Lower limit of first group = 4.5 Rotten 0-4 4-8 8-12 12-16 16-20 20-24
Upper limit of last group = 29.5 eggs
Range = 29.5 - 4.5
Range = 25 Crates 5 10 15 20 6 4
Exp33: For 9,8,9,8,9,13,24 find mean, median, Sol:
mode, and range then select appropriate C.B f x f .x x2 f .x 2
measure of central tendency or range to
describe the data, justify your answer. 0-4 5 2 10 4 20
Sol: Given numbers 8,8,9,9,9,13,24 in order 4-8 10 6 60 36 36
8 8 9 9 9 13 24
Mean 11.6 8-12 15 10 150 100 1500
7
7 1 12-16 20 14 280 196 3920
Median th item = 9
2 16-20 6 18 108 324 1944
Mode = 9 occurs most frequently 20-24 4 22 88 484 1936
Range = 24 – 8 = 16
The appropriate measure of central tendency or 60 696 9680
range to describe the data is median or mode.
f .x f .x
2
2
Variance S 2
The mean is affected by the highest value 24
f f
Standard Deviation: Standard deviation is the
2
positive square root of average of squared 9680 696
S 2
deviations measured from AM. 60 60
Standard Deviation for Ungroup data S 2 161.33 134.56
dx S 2 26.77
2 2
where dx x x
2
S .D ungroup
n
Standard Deviation S 2 26.77 5.18
fdx
2
where dx x x
2 2
S .D Group
f Exercise 6.4
Variance: Variance is a single value obtained Q1. Find the range of 11,13,15,21,19,23
by dividing the sum of the squares of the
Sol: Given numbers are 11,13,15,21,19,23
deviations taken from the arithmetic mean by
the total number of observation ins the data set. Maximum number = 23, minimum number =11
x x Range = Maximum – minimum
2
x x
2 2
S2 or S 2 Ungroup
n n Range = 23 -11
n
Range = 12
f x x fx fx
2 2
2
f
S 2 or S 2
Group Q2: A bank branch manager, interested in
n f waiting times of customers carried out a survey
For discrete and continuous data A random sample of 12 customers is selected
and yielded following 5.90, 9.66, 5.79, 8.02,
Exp34: Find variance and standard deviation 8.73, 8.01, 10.49, 8.35, 6.68, 5.64, 5.47, 9.91,
6,8,10,12,14 Sol:
x x
2
Khalid Mehmood Lecturer GDC Shah Essa Bilot Sharif Available at www.mathcity.org
Exercise 6.4 103
Chapter 6
10 9.66 9.66-7.72 1.94 3.7636 2128 172
2
x 92.65 x x
2
35.3315 Variance S 2 141.87 131.48
i). Find the value of Average Variance S 2 10.49
Sum of quantities iii). Standard deviation
Average=
Number of quantities
f .x f .x
2
2
92.65 Sol: Standard deviation
Average= f f
12
Average=7.72 2128 172
2
S .D
ii). Find the value of Median 15 15
Number of the terms = 12 which is even
1 12 12 2 S.D 141.87 131.48
Median th th terms
2 2 2 S.D= 3.22
1
Median
2
6th 7th terms Q4: Following table shows the marks obtained by
10 student of two sections of 10th class
1
Median 8.01 8.02
Sec A 7 9 6 9 4 7 5 8 8 7
2 Sec B 6 10 6 4 2 8 10 6 9 9
1
Median 16.03 8.015
Solutoin:
2
x x x x
2 2
Sec Sec
iii). Find the value of Standard deviation A xx B xx
x x
2
7 0 0 6 -1 1
Standard deviation 9 2 4 10 3 9
n 6 -1 1 6 -1 1
35.3315 9 2 4 4 -3 9
Standard deviation
12 4 -3 9 2 -5 25
Standard deviation 2.944291667 7 0 0 8 1 1
5 -2 4 10 3 9
Standard deviation 1.715893839
8 1 1 6 -1 1
Q3. Calculate the Range, Variance and 8 1 1 9 2 4
standard deviation for discrete data 7 0 0 9 2 4
70 24 64
x 5 10 11 13 15
Find their
f 2 3 4 1 5 a). Arithmetic mean
Sol: Section A Section B
x f c. f f .x x2 f .x 2 x
xi x
xi
n n
5 2 2 10 25 50 70 70
x x
10 3 5 30 100 300 10 10
11 4 9 44 121 484 x7 x7
b). Variance
13 1 10 13 169 169 Section A Section B
15 5 15 75 225 1125
x x
2
x x
2
Sol: x
f .x 172 Sol:
f 15
x x x x
2 2
Physic
Maths
Marks
Marks
f .x f .x
nt
2
2
Using variance
f A 52 -2.75
f
54 -0.625 0.39 7.5625
B 63 8.375 70.14 55 0.25 0.0625
Khalid Mehmood Lecturer GDC Shah Essa Bilot Sharif Available at www.mathcity.org
Review Exercise 6 104
Chapter 6
Review Exercise 6
C 59 4.375 19.14 57 2.25 5.0625
D 45 -9.625 92.64 51 -3.75 14.0625
E 52 -2.625 6.89 56 1.25 1.5625 Q1: Fill the correct circle
F 58 3.25 i). The difference between upper limit of
35 -19.625 385.14 10.5625
G 61 6.375 40.64 50 -4.75 22.5625
H 68 13.375 178.89 59 4.25 18.0625 two consecutive classes in frequency table is
437 721.50 438 79.50 O Class limit O Class interval
Math Physic O Class Mark O Range
x
x x
n
x ii). A cumulative frequency curve is also
n
x
437
x
438 called
8 8
O Histogram O Pie Chart
x 54.625 x 54.75
Maths Physic O Ogive O Frequency polygon
iii). The number of time a value appears on a
x x x x
2 2
Sol: x
f .x
173 O 67 O 69
f 31 ix). In a set of data 5, 7, 7, 5, 3, 7, 2, 8, 2
x 5.58 mode is
O 9 O 5
Variance f .x f .x
2
2
f f O 2 O 7
2 x). In a set of data 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5 the
1055 273
S
2
standard deviation is
31 31
O 5 O 0
S 2 34.03 5.582
O 7 O none of these
S 2 34.03 31.14 xi). The average pocket money of 30
Variance = 2.89 students is Rs. 20/- the total amount in the
Now Standard deviation class
S .D S 2
O Rs. 20/- O Rs. 30/-
S .D 2.89 O Rs. 300/- O Rs. 600/-
S.D=1.7 xii). The sum of 30 observation is 1500 its
average will be
Khalid Mehmood Lecturer GDC Shah Essa Bilot Sharif Available at www.mathcity.org
Review Exercise 6 105
Chapter 6
O 1500 O 150
O 15 O None of these
xiii). The difference of the largest and
smallest value in the data is called
O Mean O Mode
O Range O Standard deviation
x
Q4: Prepare a frequency polygon of the
xiv). The formula determines following frequency distribution
n Score 0-10 11-21 22-32 33-43 44-50
in test
O Arithmetic mean O Median
Sale 100 120 110 72 169
O Geometric mean O mode Sol:
xv). What is difference between mean of Score in test Boundaries Frequency
0-10 0.5-10.5 2
set B and median of set A
11-21 10.5-21.5 7
Set A: 2,-1,7,-4,11,3 22-32 21.5-32.5 25
Set B: 12,5,-3,4,7,-7 33-43 32.5-43.5 11
44-50 43.5-50.5 5
O -0.5 O 0
O 0.5 O 1
f x x
2
xvi). is called
f
O Range O Median
O Mode O GM
xvii). The most frequent value in the data Q5. This table summaries the weights in kg of
250 boys. Represent these data by mean of
is called its………
cumulative frequency polygon.
O Mean O Median Weight 44- 48- 52- 56- 60- 64- 68-
47.9 51.9 55.9 59.9 63.9 67.9 71.9
O Mode O GM Boys 3 17 50 81 57 23 9
th
Q2. The ages of 27 students of 10 class Sol:
Weight Boundaries f c. f
are given. Prepare a frequency distribution
44.0-47.9 43.95-47.95 3 3
of suitable class interval. 48.0-51.9 47.95-51.95 17 20
17,17,16,16,17,16,16,17,18,18,15,17,19,18,18, 52.0-55.9 51.95-55.95 50 70
17,16,15,16,17,15,19,19,15,15,16,18. 60.0-63.9 59.95-63.95 81 151
64.0-67.9 63.95-67.95 57 208
Sol: Class size = 2 68.0-71.9 67.95-71.95 9 217
C.B Tally Frequency
15-16 15,15,15,15,15,16 12
16,16,16,16,16,16
17-18 17,17,17,17,17,17, 12
17,18,18,18,18,18
19-20 19,19,19 3
Q3: prepare a histogram of the following table
Brand A B C D E
Of car
Sale 100 120 110 72 169 Q6: The following scores were made on a 60
Sol: Given data should be continuous items test; 25,30,34,37,41,42,46,49,53,
i.e., A,B,C,D,E are continuous
Brand of car Sale in 1 month 26,31,34,37,41,42,46,50,53,28,31,35,37,41,
A 100 43,47,51,54,29,33,36,38,41,44,48,52,54,30,
B 120 33,37,40,42,45,48,42
C 110
D 72 a). Group data into class interval of size 2
E 169 Class Boundaries Tally f c. f
25-26 24.5-26.5 25,26 2 2
27-28 25.5-28.5 28 1 3
Khalid Mehmood Lecturer GDC Shah Essa Bilot Sharif Available at www.mathcity.org
Review Exercise 6 106
Chapter 6
29-30 27.5-30.5 29,30,30,30 4 7 Range = 30
31-32 30.5-32.5 31,31 2 9 For Mean, Variance and Standard Deviation
33-34 32.5-34.5 33,33,33,34,34 5 14 Class x f f .x x2 f .x 2
35-36 34.5-36.5 35,36,36 3 17
25-26 25.5 2 51 650.25 1300.5
37-38 36.5-38.5 37,37,37,37,38 5 22
27-28 27.5 1 27.5 756.25 756.25
39-40 38.5-40.5 39,40 2 24
29-30 29.5 4 118 870.25 3481
41-42 40.5-42.5 41,41,41,41,41 8 32
42,42,42
31-32 31.5 2 63 992.25 1984.5
43-44 42.5-44.5 43,44,44 3 35 33-34 33.5 5 167.5 1122.25 5611.25
45-46 44.5-46.5 45,46,46 3 38 35-36 35.5 3 106.5 1260.25 3780.75
47-48 46.5-48.5 47,48,48,48 4 42 37-38 37.5 5 187.5 1406.25 7031.25
49-50 48.5-50.5 49,50 2 44 39-40 39.5 2 79 1560.25 3120.5
51-52 50.5-52.5 51,52,52,52 4 48 41-42 41.5 8 332 1722.25 13778
53-54 52.5-54.5 53,53,54,54 4 52 43-44 43.5 3 130.5 1892.25 5676.75
55-56 54.5-56.5 55 1 53 45-46 45.5 3 136.5 2070.25 6210.75
47-48 47.5 4 190 2256.25 9025
49-50 49.5 2 99 2450.25 4900.5
51-52 51.5 4 206 2652.25 10609
53-54 53.5 4 214 2862.25 11449
55-56 55.5 1 55.5 3080.25 3080.25
53 2163.5
91795.25
Sol: x
f .x 2163.5
f 53
x 40.82
Variance f .x f .x
2
2
f f
2
91795.25 2163.5
S2
53 53
2
91795.25 2163.5
S
2
53 53
S 2 1731.99 40.82
2
S 2 1731.99 1666.27
S 2 65.72
f .x f .x
2
2
Standard Deviation
f f
2
91795.25 2163.5
SD
53 53
2
91795.25 2163.5
S .D
53 53
S .D 1731.99 40.82
2
S .D 1731.99 1666.27
S .D 65.72
S.D 8.11
Range = Maximum – minimum
Range = 55 – 25
Khalid Mehmood Lecturer GDC Shah Essa Bilot Sharif Available at www.mathcity.org