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CHAPTER IV
CONCLUSION

4.1 Conclusion

Having analyzed Hester and Dimmesdale sin, the researcher found that theme

of scarlet letter novel is about a big mistake from saint person. The moral value of her

analyzed is about every people has mistake in them life. Nobody is free from mistake

and sin.

The internal conflicts that occur on Hester Prynne in the scarlet letter novel is

appears when Hester as the young beautiful and independent woman suffers from

loneliness and want to seek her own happiness. Her husband is very busy with his

work. He finishes off most of his time in the library with number of books. When she

sent by her husband to Boston, She meets Arthur Dimmesdale and they are trapped

into a forbidden love. Finally, she has a baby without a legal married. After doing her

adultery, Hester gets several conflicts from herself and the society. The conflicts of

her come when she wants to get a truth love in her life. She also has several conflicts

with society. Because of her adultery, most people insult her by directly nor

indirectly.

For the resolution the writer use formalism theory by Boris Tomashevsky

because him theory is about motive. And formalism used by writer in the scarlet letter

novel is about love and desire. So the writer includes the paper into puritan and

Islamic punishment to make stronger in her thesis.

44

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The conclusion of this thesis which entitled “Theme and Moral Value of the

Scarlet Letter’s Novel” is:

1. Theme of the Scarlet Letter’s novel is about big sin and mistake, which is

adultery. And then the punishment of adultery on the novel is entering to jail,

wearing the symbol “A” in clothes, the mean of “A” is Adultery, and swing. It

indicates that the subject of adultery can be known by the peoples.

2. Moral value of the Scarlet Letter’s novel is the minister or the priest don’t

always free from mistakes and sin. The sinners don’t always have mistakes,

despicable act, and bad attitude. But, sometimes it becomes a paradox. It‘s

mean that once in a while the sinners on the right way and the priest on the

wrong way. Adultery is the despicable act which forbidden by almost of all

religion. The sinners must admitted and responsible with act. They also repent

to God and promise for themselves never repeat again. If they repented truly, in

the Islam, God will forgive them and they become like a priest baby, free for

sin.

4.2 Suggestion

The research of theme and moral value of scarlet letter novel in Nathaniel

hawthorne in formalism theory. The writer of this research has limited data of

references. In fact, it makes the analysis of this research is not completely perfect. If

this research is not give the sufficient analysis, it seems that it will become a task for

those who are interested in this subject to complete this research in the future.

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In addition, regarding that the fields of literature are very extensive; the writer

believes this research can be explored deeper. Furthermore, scarlet letter are the great

and phenomenal novels which can be analyzed in various point of view. Because of

this reason there are many possibilities way to analyze one or both novels in many

different subjects and approaches. For the last, this research can be used as the prior

research about the scarlet letter novel give the basic knowledge to related prior

research.

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WORK CITED

_________. 1968. "The Scarlet Letter." Interpretations of American Literature.

Edited by Charles Feidelson, Jr. and Paul Brodtkorb, Jr. London: Oxford
University Press.

__________. 1987. Thoughts From the Mount of Blessings. Mountain View,

California: Pacific Press Pub. Association.

Al-Hilali, Muhammad Taqiuddin and Muhammad Muhsin Khan. Medina, K.S.A

Translation of The Meanings of The Noble Qur’an. King Fahd Complex
for The Printing of The Holy Qur’an.

Bourn, Bryan D. "Reexamining Nathaniel (sic) Hawthorne's The Scarlet Letter."

Microsoft Internet Explorer. Online

Brigham. 1980. The Compact with the Garter and Laws of the Colony of Plymouth.
New York.

Bukhari, Mulim, Malik, and Dawud Hadith Collection.

Crews, Frederick. 1966. The Sins of the Fathers: Hawthorne's Psychological Themes.
London: Oxford University Press.

Dewan Redaksi Ensiklopedi Sastra Indonesia. 2004. Ensiklopedi Sastra Indonesia.

Bandung: Titian Ilmu Bandung.

Dibble, Terry J. 1988. The Scarlet Letter Notes. Lincoln, Nebraska: Cliff Notes Inc.

Essay: "The Scarlet Letter." Notepad. Online

Fowler, John M. 1999. "Should We Ever Judge Others?" Dialogue.

Freeman, Jo. 1984. A Feminist Perspective Palo Alto: Mayfield Publishing Company.

Gorman, Herbert. 1962. "The Absolved, the Redeemed, and the Dammed: A
Triangle." The Scarlet Letter. A Norton Critical Edition, edited by
Sculley Bradley et al. New York: W. W. Norton and Co.

Hawthorne, Nathaniel. 1962. The Scarlet Letter A Norton Critical Edition, edited by
Sculley Bradley et al. New York: W. W. Norton and Co.

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Hawthorne, Nathaniel. 1980. The Scarlet Letter. USA : New American library.
Hawthrone, Nathaniel. 2000. The Scarlet Letter. Level 2. Retold by Chris Rice.
England: Pearson Education Limited.

Hill, Barry. 1990. Teaching Values in Adventist Education. Unpublished.

Holman, Hugh. 1986. A Handbook to Literature. New York, Mac Millan Publishing
Company.

Holmes, Arthur F. 1984. Ethics: Approaching Moral Decisions. Downers Grove,

Illinois: InterVarsity Press.

http://benjamins.com/#catalog/books/sibil.18/main

http://esl.fis.edu/teachers/support/cummin.htm

http://karya-ilmiah.um.ac.id/index.php/disertasi/article/view/13984

http://media.johnwiley.com.

http://www.eal-teaching-strategies.com/theory.html

http://www.onenation.org/crawford.html

Irfan, Nurul. 2013. Fiqih Jinayah. Jakarta: Amzah Imprint Bumi Aksara.

James, Henry. 1963. Hawthorne. New York: Cornell University Press.

kennedy,XJ. 1987. Literature : An Introduction to Fiction Poetry and Drama. 4ed.

USA: Scott Foreman and Company.

Perrine, Lawrence. 1970. Story and Structure. 3rd ed. New York : Harcourtbrace And
World Inc.

Pusat Bahasa Departemen Pendidikan Nasional. 2002. Kamus Besar Bahasa

Indonesia. Jakarta: Balai Pustaka.

Rahmanto dan Hariyanto. 1997. Cerita Rekaan dan Drama. Jakarta: Universitas
Terbuka.

Sudaryanto. 1992. Metode Linguistik. Yogyakarta: Gajah Mada University Press.

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Suryabrata, Sumadi. 2003. Metode Penelitian. Jakarta: PT. Raja Grafindo Persada.

Trollope, Anthony. 1962. The Genius of The Scarlet Letter." The Scarlet Letter. A
Norton Critical Ed. Edited by Sculley Bradley et al. N. Y.: W. W. Norton
& Co.

Turner, Arlin. 1961. Nathaniel Hawthorne: An Introduction and Interpretation. New

York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, Inc.

Waggoner, Hyatt. 1962. Nathaniel Hawthorne: Minneapolis: University of Minn.

Press.

White, Ellen G. 1942. Ministry of Healing, Boise, Idaho: Pacific Press Assn.

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SYNOPSIS

Taking in seventeenth-century Boston, a woman carries on a little baby

through the scaffold and then, stand on a pillory for three hours there. By meants, she

can be seen and kown by puritan public spectators. In the meantime, all people are

talking abouther shame and bad fate, a man known as Roger Chilingworth, the

husban of hester, just arrives and sees his wife is being disgraced. Not knowing what

is going on, he eventually asks to a man next to him. Then, that man tells what is

going on in the market place.

When the physician has understood what is going on, He decides to conceal

his identity including to the pastor, Arthur dimmesdale. After Hester has been led out,

the physician visits her in prison. There, he declares his purpose in front of Hester

that she will never speak out of his identity to everyone especially to the pastor.

Being afraid of his warning, finally, she agrees keeping silent.

Hearing the man’s explanation, he insists or revealing her wife’s sinner partner. To

make his plane works out, he then gets along with the pastor and in the future, the

physician can reveal who actually Arthur dimmesdale is. In the colony, the physician

is a person who is entrusted to take care of pastor’s health.

As the story goes on, Hester cannot stand with her burden, notably hiding the

physician’s identity. She tells the truth to Arthur Dimmesdale. Beside that reason,

there is something urgent that Hester cannot hide, is the condition of the pastor that

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always reduces day by day. That is happened because the pastor cannot stand with his

sin and betray toward god.

Feeling depression for long time, he in the election sermon when he is

preaching in the front of public spectators, he reveals everything by saying that he is

the partner sinner of Hester. Before he does he will, the physician tries to stop him,

but that is useful. He insists on saying his darken sin in front of the puritans Boston.

Yet, meanwhile, he stand on the scaffold, he firstly, calls out Hester and pearl

to stand up with him. On the scaffold that three person against the crowd and exclaim

that they are a family. During their standing, the puritan society cannot believe that

the pastor who they assume is a saint man is an enemy of god.

Therefore, lost of puritans feel shock knowing that fact as the consequence of

his sin. He dies on Hester Prynne body after kissing pearl for the last time. In the end,

Hester and pearl meet happiness when year after year have passed away. For pearl,

she gets an amount of heritage from the physician after his death in the same year of

the pastor’s death.

As the only one who can survive from various taunts, accusation and fiends,
Hester symbol becomes the symbol of love among other colonies. Then that symbol
at last does not have a function anymore and it has been ignored by puritan society.
Since pearl accepts a heritage, she becomes an heiress among that society and she
eventually has married and lived happily it her husband. For Hester, she keeps
staying in that colony until her death comes after her.

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Appendix 1
The Author of The Scarlet Letter

“Nathaniel Hawthorne”

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Appendix 2

The Author of Formalism Theory

Boris Thomashevsky

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Appendix 3
The Cover of Scarlet Letter’s Novel

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Appendix 4

Biographical of Nathaniel Hawthorne

Born in Salem, Massachusetts in 1804 and died in Plymouth, new Hampshire after a

short illness in may 1864, that is Nathaniel Hawthorne who is recognized as the great

author of new England now America. By taking Boston as historical background of

all his works, he tries to accommodate his real experiences into his works. That

Hawthorne is the descendant of puritan magistrate who dealt with a condemnation for

witchcraft trial. His ancestor was john Hawthorne, a someone that caused him and all

his families got curses because last name with “W”

Reared in Salem by a mother who came from a family long involved in business and

a father who his occupation was a sea captain, leaf him when Hawthorne was four

years old, not to make Hawthorne was stuck on his status as orphan child. He even

successfully graduated from Bowdoin college in 1825, which there, he got a long

with a couple of people which then one of them became the president of the united

states of America, his name was Franklin pierce. From his position, Hawthorne was

able to have a journey to Europe.

Beginning to write his first novel fans haw, he wants to reflect his memory while he

was a child being haunted by the figure of prominent, toward his ancestor who was

quality because of sins, yet he did not successfully create it. Learning from his first

fail, that does not make Hawthorne gives up but opposite that, he insists on making

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up new novel over and over again romance leads him to the door of fame. That story

romance is The Scarlet letter which was launched in 1850 and until right now that

novel has been reprinted for many times by many publishers.

Before becoming a great and famous writer, Hawthorne begins his career on writing

some essays in magazine or annuals and Christmas gift books. But all those things

were unable to support his life because the rate of pay was very low. Kept on

struggling he next made a story”twice-Told Tales”in 1837 which Ied him to be

poorer. And he started again with his work in 1846 by publishing “moses from old

manse” a collection of his earlier story. In the end, he finally found his fortune by his

next story” the scarlet letter” that brought him to the better condition financially.

Produced in 1850, at that time, it was not only a fortune but he also harvested a lot of

critics from his neighborhood that mind with the story of the novel. And he felt sorry

about that.

Succeed with his first story romance; he continued with the house of the seven gables

in 1851 and in the same year, the snow-image and other twice-Told Tales was

released. Then in 1852 The Blithedale Romance and The Life of Franklin Pierce were

made in the same period. A wonder-Book for Girls and boys, are published which

concerned on story for children. Afterward, Tanglewood Tales for Girls and Boys in

1853 which after he got a rest for seven years, he continued his eleventh work in 1860

and after three years ahead, he published his next work in 1863 which was entitled

Our Old Home in the time while he was not really good on health and he was haunted

by the shadow of death. For that reason, Hawthorne insisted on writing his work by

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any reason to leave his family sum of wealth. But how hard he had tried to finish it,

but he could not complete it. Finally he died when he was on a trip with former

President pierce to benefit his health and he was away from home both literary and

symbolically. In those days, from the wayside in Corncob and father still from that

home the heart’s desire that Eden that had been lost so long ago.

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