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Continuous Reaction
Continuous Reaction
CHAPTER 4
ISOTHERMAL REACTOR DESIGN
4.1 Overview
4
Heat
4.1 Overview
5
Solution
1 0. 9 dx
Mole balance : t
kCA0
0 (1 X ) 2
0.9
Rate law: 1 X
-rA = kCACB
kCA0 1 X 0
Stoichiometry: 45s
b 1
CB C A0 B X C A0 1 X
a
Combine:
rA kCA2 0 1 X
2
Useful Integrals in Reactor Design
9
4.2 Design of CSTR Based on Conversion
4.2 Design of CSTR Based on Conversion
11
FA0 X
Design equation is V
rA exit
which gives the volume V necessary to achieve a conversion of X
When the volumetric flow rate does not change with reaction (v=v0)
v0C A0 X
V
rA V C A0 X
The space or residence time to achieve a conversion X is
v0 rA
C A0
C A1
1 k
The following liquid phase reaction takes place in a CSTR. Pure A is fed to the reactor
under the following condition
FA0 = 10 mol/min, CA0 = 2 mol/dm3, V = 500 dm3 and k = 0.1 min-1
Rate law: r kC A
A A
The following irreversible liquid phase reaction is carried out isothermally in a CSTR: A B
Condition:
FT0 = 40 mol/min, CA0 = 2 mol/dm3, V = 500 dm3, k (400K) = 0.1 min-1
The feed is 75 mol% A and 25 mol% inerts
The reaction is first order rate law: rA kCA
The activation energy (E) is 10 kcal/mol and the Arrhenius constant A = 3x104 /min
A+B
Example 4.6 (solve in class)
19
Solution
FA0 X rA kCA
V
rA exit
FA0 y A0 FT 0
FA0 0.75 x 40 30mol / min
FA0 X
V
kCA
FA0 X
V
kCA0 (1 X )
kCA0V
X
FA0 kCA0V
(0.1 / min)( 2mol / dm 3 )(500dm 3 )
X
30mol / min (0.1 / min)( 2mol / dm 3 )(500dm 3 )
X 0.769
4.2 Design of CSTR Based on Conversion
20
(1 2kCA0 ) 1 4kCA0 X
(1 2 Da) 1 4 Da
X 2 Da
2kCA0
Example 4.7
22
Solution
V
FA0 X Evaluate : At X 0.9
Mole balance: rA (25dm3 / s )(0.9)
Rate law: rA kC 2
V
A
(10dm3 / mol.s)(0.2mol / dm3 )(1 0.9) 2
Stoichiometry: liquid phase (v = v0),
V 1125dm3
CA = CA0(1-X)
Combine: v0C A0 X V
V Space time,
kCA2 v0
v0C A0 X 1125dm 3
V
kCA2 0 (1 X ) 2 25dm 3 / s
45s
CSTR in Parallel
23
X
The design equation for CSTR of equal volume is V i FA0i i
FA0i rAi
Since the reactors are of equal size, operated at
the same temperature and same feed rate, and
FA0 feed is distributed equally among each reactor,
the conversion must be the same for each reactor:
X1 X 2 X n X
the rate of reaction in each reactor is equal:
rA1 rA2 rAn rA
Vi VT / n
FA0i FA0 / n