Chuck Berry

Charles Edward Anderson "Chuck" Berry (born Oc- Rock and Roll includes three of Berry’s: "Johnny B.
tober 18, 1926) is an American guitarist, singer and song- Goode", "Maybellene", and "Rock and Roll Music".[7]
writer and is one of the pioneers of rock and roll mu- Berry’s “Johnny B. Goode” is the only rock-and-roll song
sic. With songs such as "Maybellene" (1955), "Roll Over included on the Voyager Golden Record.[8]
Beethoven" (1956), "Rock and Roll Music" (1957) and
"Johnny B. Goode" (1958), Berry refined and developed
rhythm and blues into the major elements that made
rock and roll distinctive, with lyrics focusing on teen life
1 Biography and career
and consumerism and music featuring guitar solos and
showmanship that were a major influence on subsequent 1.1 Early life and apprenticeship with
rock music.[1] Johnnie Johnson (1926–1954)
Born into a middle-class African-American family in St.
Louis, Missouri, Berry had an interest in music from an Born in St. Louis, Missouri,[9] Berry was the fourth child
early age and gave his first public performance at Sumner in a family of six. He grew up in the north St. Louis
High School. While still a high school student he was con- neighborhood known as The Ville, an area where many
victed of armed robbery and was sent to a reformatory, middle-class people lived at the time. His father, Henry,
where he was held from 1944 to 1947. After his release, was a contractor and deacon of a nearby Baptist church;
Berry settled into married life and worked at an automo- his mother, Martha, was a certified public school prin-
bile assembly plant. By early 1953, influenced by the cipal. His middle-class upbringing allowed him to pur-
guitar riffs and showmanship techniques of the blues mu- sue his interest in music from an early age. He gave his
sician T-Bone Walker, Berry began performing with the first public performance in 1941 while still a student at
Johnnie Johnson Trio.[2] His break came when he traveled Sumner High School.[10]
to Chicago in May 1955 and met Muddy Waters, who In 1944, while still a student at Sumner High School, he
suggested he contact Leonard Chess, of Chess Records. was arrested for armed robbery after robbing three shops
With Chess he recorded “Maybellene”—Berry’s adapta- in Kansas City, Missouri, and then stealing a car at gun-
tion of the country song "Ida Red"—which sold over a point with some friends.[11][12] Berry’s account in his au-
million copies, reaching number one on Billboard maga- tobiography is that his car broke down and he flagged
zine’s rhythm and blues chart. By the end of the 1950s, down a passing car and stole it at gunpoint with a non-
Berry was an established star with several hit records functional pistol.[13] He was convicted and sent to the In-
and film appearances and a lucrative touring career. He termediate Reformatory for Young Men at Algoa, near
had also established his own St. Louis nightclub, Berry’s Jefferson City, Missouri,[9] where he formed a singing
Club Bandstand. But in January 1962, he was sentenced quartet and did some boxing.[11] The singing group be-
to three years in prison for offenses under the Mann came competent enough that the authorities allowed it to
Act—he had transported a 14-year-old girl across state perform outside the detention facility.[14] Berry was re-
lines.[2][3][4] leased from the reformatory on his 21st birthday in 1947.
After his release in 1963, Berry had more hits in the Berry married Themetta “Toddy” Suggs on October 28,
mid-1960s, including "No Particular Place to Go", "You 1948, who gave birth to Darlin Ingrid Berry on October
Never Can Tell", and “Nadine”. By the mid-1970s, he 3, 1950.[15] Berry supported his family by taking various
was more in demand as a live performer, playing his jobs in St. Louis, working briefly as a factory worker at
past hits with local backup bands of variable quality.[2] two automobile assembly plants and as a janitor in the
In 1979 he served 120 days in prison for tax evasion. apartment building where he and his wife lived. After-
Berry was among the first musicians to be inducted into wards he trained as a beautician at the Poro College of
the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame on its opening in 1986; Cosmetology, founded by Annie Turnbo Malone.[16] He
he was cited for having “laid the groundwork for not was doing well enough by 1950 to buy a “small three room
only a rock and roll sound but a rock and roll stance.”[5] brick cottage with a bath” on Whittier Street,[17] which
Berry is included in several of Rolling Stone magazine’s is now listed as the Chuck Berry House on the National
“greatest of all time” lists; he was ranked fifth on its Register of Historic Places.[18]
2004 list of the 100 Greatest Artists of All Time.[6] The By the early 1950s, Berry was working with local bands in
Rock and Roll Hall of Fame's 500 Songs That Shaped clubs in St. Louis as an extra source of income.[16] He had

1
2 1 BIOGRAPHY AND CAREER

been playing blues since his teens, and he borrowed both “Rock 'n' Roll Music”. The hits continued from 1957
guitar riffs and showmanship techniques from the blues to 1959, with Berry scoring over a dozen chart singles
musician T-Bone Walker.[19] He also took guitar lessons during this period, including the US Top 10 hits "School
from his friend Ira Harris, which laid the foundation for Days", "Rock and Roll Music,”, "Sweet Little Sixteen",
his guitar style.[20] and "Johnny B. Goode". He appeared in two early rock-
By early 1953 Berry was performing with Johnnie John- and-roll movies: Rock Rock Rock (1956), in which he
son's trio, starting a long-time collaboration with the sang “You Can't Catch Me”, and Go, Johnny, Go! (1959),
pianist.[21] The band played mostly blues and ballads, but in which he had a speaking role as himself and performed
“Johnny B. Goode”, "Memphis, Tennessee", and "Little
the most popular music among whites in the area was
country. Berry wrote, “Curiosity provoked me to lay a lot Queenie". His performance of “Sweet Little Sixteen” at
the Newport Jazz Festival in 1958 was captured in the
of our country stuff on our predominantly black audience
and some of our black audience began whispering 'who motion picture Jazz on a Summer’s Day.[27]
is that black hillbilly at the Cosmo?' After they laughed By the end of the 1950s, Berry was a high-profile estab-
at me a few times they began requesting the hillbilly stuff lished star with several hit records and film appearances
and enjoyed dancing to it.”[9] and a lucrative touring career. He had opened a racially
Berry’s calculated showmanship, along with a mix of integrated St. Louis nightclub, [28]
Berry’s Club Bandstand,
country tunes and R&B tunes, sung in the style of Nat and invested in real estate. But in December 1959,
King Cole set to the music of Muddy Waters, brought in he was arrested under the Mann Act after allegations
a wider audience, particularly affluent white people. [2][22] that he had sexual intercourse with a 14-year-old Apache
waitress, Janice Escalante,[29] whom he had transported
across state lines to work as a hatcheck girl at his club.[30]
1.2 Signing with Chess: “Maybellene” to After a two-week trial in March 1960, he was convicted,
“Come On” (1955–1962) fined $5,000, and sentenced to five years in prison.[31] He
appealed the decision, arguing that the judge’s comments
In May 1955, Berry traveled to Chicago, where he met and attitude were racist and prejudiced [3][32]
the jury against
Muddy Waters, who suggested he contact Leonard Chess, him. The appeal was upheld, and a second trial
[33]
of Chess Records. Berry thought his blues music would was heard in May and June 1961, resulting in another
[34]
be of more interest to Chess, but to his surprise it was a conviction and a three-year prison sentence. After an-
traditional country fiddle tune, "Ida Red", as recorded by other appeal failed, Berry served one and one-half years
[35]
[23]
Bob Wills, that got Chess’s attention. Chess had seen in prison, from February 1962 to October 1963. He
the rhythm and blues market shrink and was looking to had continued recording and performing during the trials,
move beyond it, and he thought Berry might be the artist but his output had slowed as his popularity declined; his
for that purpose. On May 21, 1955, Berry recorded an final [36] single released before he was imprisoned was "Come
adaptation of the “Ida Red”, under the title "Maybellene", On".
with Johnnie Johnson on the piano, Jerome Green (from
Bo Diddley's band) on the maracas, Jasper Thomas on the
drums and Willie Dixon on the bass. “Maybellene” sold 1.3 “Nadine” and move to Mercury (1963–
over a million copies, reaching number one on Billboard 1969)
magazine’s rhythm and blues chart and number five on its
Best Sellers in Stores chart for September 10, 1955.[9][24]
At the end of June 1956, his song "Roll Over Beethoven"
reached number 29 on the Billboard's Top 100 chart, and
Berry toured as one of the “Top Acts of '56”. He and
Carl Perkins became friends. Perkins said that “I knew
when I first heard Chuck that he'd been affected by coun-
try music. I respected his writing; his records were very,
very great.” As they toured, Perkins discovered that Berry
not only liked country music but also knew about as many
songs as he did. Jimmie Rodgers was one of his favorites.
“Chuck knew every Blue Yodel and most of Bill Monroe's
songs as well,” Perkins remembered. “He told me about
how he was raised very poor, very tough. He had a hard
life. He was a good guy. I really liked him.”[25]
In late 1957, Berry took part in Alan Freed's “Biggest Berry and his sister Lucy Ann (1965)
Show of Stars for 1957”, touring the United States with
the Everly Brothers, Buddy Holly, and others.[26] He was When Berry was released from prison in 1963, his re-
a guest on ABC's Guy Mitchell Show, singing his hit song turn to recording and performing was made easier be-
1.5 Still on the road (1980–present) 3

cause British invasion bands—notably the Beatles and went. AllMusic said that in this period his “live perfor-
the Rolling Stones—had sustained interest in his music mances became increasingly erratic, ... working with ter-
by releasing cover versions of his songs,[37][38] and other rible backup bands and turning in sloppy, out-of-tune per-
bands had reworked some of them, such as the Beach formances” which “tarnished his reputation with younger
Boys' 1963 hit "Surfin' U.S.A.", which used the melody fans and oldtimers” alike.[50] Among the many bandlead-
of Berry’s "Sweet Little Sixteen".[39] In 1964 and 1965 ers performing a backup role with Berry were Bruce
Berry released eight singles, including three that were Springsteen and Steve Miller when each was just start-
commercially successful, reaching the top 20 of the Bill- ing his career. Springsteen related in the documentary
board 100: "No Particular Place to Go" (a humorous re- film Hail! Hail! Rock 'n' Roll that Berry did not give the
working of “School Days”, concerning the introduction band a set list and expected the musicians to follow his
of seat belts in cars),[40] "You Never Can Tell", and the lead after each guitar intro. Berry neither spoke to nor
rocking "Nadine".[41] Between 1966 and 1969 Berry re- thanked the band after the show. Nevertheless, Spring-
leased five albums for Mercury Records, including his steen backed Berry again when he appeared at the con-
first live album, Live at Fillmore Auditorium, in which he cert for the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1995. At the
was backed by the Steve Miller Band.[42][43] request of Jimmy Carter, Berry performed at the White
While this was not a successful period for studio work,[44] House on June 1, 1979.[43]
Berry was still a top concert draw. In May 1964, he Berry’s touring style, traveling the “oldies” circuit in the
had made a successful tour of the UK,[40] but when he 1970s (often being paid in cash by local promoters) added
returned in January 1965 his behavior was erratic and ammunition to the Internal Revenue Service's accusations
moody, and his touring style of using unrehearsed lo- that Berry had evaded paying income taxes. Facing crim-
cal backing bands and a strict nonnegotiable contract was inal sanction for the third time, Berry pled guilty to tax
earning him a reputation as a difficult and unexciting evasion and was sentenced to four months in prison and
performer.[45] He also played at large events in North 1,000 hours of community service—performing benefit
America, such as the Schaefer Music Festival, in New concerts—in 1979.[51]
York City’s Central Park in July 1969, and the Toronto
Rock and Roll Revival festival in October.[46]
1.5 Still on the road (1980–present)
1.4 Back to Chess: “My Ding-a-Ling” to
White House concert (1970–1979)
Berry helped give life to a subculture ... Even “My Ding-
a-Ling”, a fourth-grade wee-wee joke that used to mor-
tify true believers at college concerts, permitted a lot of
twelve-year-olds new insight into the moribund concept
of “dirty” when it hit the airwaves ...
Robert Christgau[47]
Berry returned to Chess from 1970 to 1973. There were
no hit singles from the 1970 album Back Home, but in
1972 Chess released a live recording of "My Ding-a-
Ling", a novelty song which he had recorded in a dif-
ferent version as “My Tambourine” on his 1968 LP From
St. Louie to Frisco.[48] The track became his only number-
one single. A live recording of “Reelin' and Rockin'", is-
sued as a followup single in the same year, was his last
Top 40 hit in both the US and the UK. Both singles were Berry performing live in 1997
included on the part-live, part-studio album The London
Chuck Berry Sessions (other albums of London sessions Berry continued to play 70 to 100 one-nighters per year
were recorded by Chess’s mainstay artists Muddy Waters in the 1980s, still traveling solo and requiring a local band
and Howlin' Wolf). Berry’s second tenure with Chess to back him at each stop. In 1986, Taylor Hackford made
ended with the 1975 album Chuck Berry, after which a documentary film, Hail! Hail! Rock 'n' Roll, of a cel-
he did not make a studio record until Rock It for Atco ebration concert for Berry’s sixtieth birthday, organized
Records in 1979, his last studio album to date.[49] by Keith Richards.[52] Eric Clapton, Etta James, Julian
In the 1970s Berry toured on the strength of his earlier Lennon, Robert Cray and Linda Ronstadt, among others,
successes. He was on the road for many years, carry- appeared with Berry on stage and in the film. During the
ing only his Gibson guitar, confident that he could hire concert, Berry played a Gibson ES-355, the luxury ver-
a band that already knew his music no matter where he sion of the ES-335 that he favored on his 1970s tours.
4 2 LEGACY

Richards played a black Fender Telecaster Custom, Cray 2 Legacy

a Fender Stratocaster and Clapton a Gibson ES 350T, the
same model that Berry used on his early recordings.[53]
While no individual can be said to have invented rock and
In the late 1980s, Berry bought The Southern Air, a
roll, Chuck Berry comes the closest of any single figure to
restaurant in Wentzville, Missouri.[54] In 1990 he was
being the one who put all the essential pieces together. It
sued by several women who claimed that he had installed
was his particular genius to graft country & western guitar
a video camera in the ladies’ bathroom. Berry claimed
licks onto a rhythm & blues chassis in his very first single,
that he had the camera installed to catch red-handed a
“Maybellene.”
worker who was suspected of stealing from the restau-
rant. Though his guilt was never proved in court, Berry Rock and Roll Hall of Fame[62]
opted for a class action settlement with 59 women. His A pioneer of rock and roll, Berry was a significant influ-
biographer, Bruce Pegg, estimated that it cost Berry over ence on the development of both the music and the atti-
$1.2 million plus legal fees.[55] During this time Berry tude associated with the rock music lifestyle. With songs
began using Wayne T. Schoeneberg as his legal counsel. such as "Maybellene" (1955), "Roll Over Beethoven"
Reportedly, a police raid on his house found videotapes (1956), "Rock and Roll Music" (1957) and "Johnny B.
of women using the restroom, and one of the women was Goode" (1958), Berry refined and developed rhythm and
a minor. Also found in the raid were 62 grams of mar- blues into the major elements that made rock and roll
ijuana. Felony drug and child-abuse charges were filed. distinctive, with lyrics successfully aimed to appeal to
In order to avoid the child-abuse charges, Berry agreed the early teenage market by using graphic and humor-
to plead guilty to misdemeanor possession of marijuana. ous descriptions of teen dances, fast cars, high school
He was given a six-month suspended jail sentence and two life, and consumer culture,[2] and utilizing guitar solos
years’ unsupervised probation and was ordered to donate and showmanship that would be a major influence on
$5,000 to a local hospital.[56] subsequent rock music.[1] His records are a rich store-
In November 2000, Berry faced legal issues when he was house of the essential lyrical, showmanship and musical
sued by his former pianist Johnnie Johnson, who claimed components of rock and roll. In addition to the Beatles
that he co-wrote over 50 songs, including “No Particu- and the Rolling Stones, a large number of significant
lar Place to Go”, “Sweet Little Sixteen” and “Roll Over popular-music performers have recorded Berry’s songs.[2]
Beethoven”, that credit Berry alone. The case was dis- Though not technically accomplished, his guitar style is
missed when the judge ruled that too much time had distinctive—he incorporated electronic effects to mimic
passed since the songs were written.[57] the sound of bottleneck blues guitarists and drew on the
influence of guitar players such as Carl Hogan,[63] and T-
In 2008, Berry toured Europe, with stops in Sweden, Nor-
Bone Walker[2] to produce a clear and exciting sound that
way, Finland, the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, Ire-
many later guitarists would acknowledge as an influence
land, Switzerland, Poland and Spain. In mid-2008, he
in their own style.[56] Berry’s showmanship has been in-
played at the Virgin Festival in Baltimore, Maryland.[58]
fluential on other rock guitarists,[64] particularly his one-
During a concert on New Year’s Day 2011 in Chicago, legged hop routine,[65] and the "duck walk",[66] which he
Berry, suffering from exhaustion, passed out and had to first used as a child when he walked “stooping with full-
be helped off stage.[59] bended knees, but with my back and head vertical” under
Berry lives in Ladue, Missouri, approximately 10 miles a table to retrieve a ball and his family found it entertain-
west of St. Louis.[60] He regularly performed one ing; he used it when “performing in New York for the first
Wednesday each month at Blueberry Hill, a restaurant time and some journalist branded it the duck walk.”[67][68]
and bar located in the Delmar Loop neighborhood of St. The rock critic Robert Christgau considers Berry “the
Louis, from 1996 to 2014. greatest of the rock and rollers,”[69] while John Lennon
Berry announced on his 90th birthday that his first new said, “if you tried to give rock and roll another name, you
[70]
studio album since Rock It in 1979, entitled Chuck, will might call it 'Chuck Berry'.” Ted Nugent said, “If you
[61]
be released in 2017. His first new record in 38 years, don't know every Chuck Berry lick, you can't play rock
[71]
it also features his children, Charles Berry Jr. and Ingrid, guitar.”
on guitar and harmonica, whom Chuck calls “the Blue- When asked what caused the explosion of the popularity
berry Band,” with songs “covering the spectrum from of rock 'n roll that took place in the 1950’s, with him and
hard-driving rockers to soulful thought-provoking time a handful of others, mainly him, Berry said, “Well, actu-
capsules of a life’s work” and dedicated to his wife of 68 ally they begin to listen to it, you see, because certain sta-
years, Themetta Berry. (The Christian Science Monitor, tions played certain music. The music that we, the blacks,
October 31, 2016, p.8) played, the cultures were so far apart, we would have to
have a play station in order to play it. The cultures be-
gin to come together, and you begin to see one another’s
vein of life, then the music came together.” (Chuck Berry,
1972, interview by Charles Osgood, re-broadcast, “CBS
 5

Sunday Morning,” September 25, 2016) [7] “Experience the Music: One Hit Wonders and the Songs
That Shaped Rock and Roll”. Retrieved December 15,
Among the honors Berry has received are the Grammy 2012.
Lifetime Achievement Award in 1984[72] and the
Kennedy Center Honors in 2000.[73] He was ranked sev- [8] “Voyager Interstellar Mission: The Golden Record”. Jet
enth on Time magazine’s 2009 list of the 10 best electric Propulsion Laboratory. Retrieved July 6, 2015.
guitar players of all time.[74] On May 14, 2002, Berry was
[9] “Chuck Berry”. history-of-rock.com. Retrieved June 3,
honored as one of the first BMI Icons at the 50th annual 2010.
BMI Pop Awards. He was presented the award along with
BMI affiliates Bo Diddley and Little Richard.[75] In Au- [10] Weinraub, Bernard (February 23, 2003). “Sweet Tunes,
gust 2014, Berry was made a laureate of the Polar Music Fast Beats and a Hard Edge”. New York Times. Retrieved
Prize.[76] December 11, 2007. A significant moment in his early
life was a musical performance in 1941 at Sumner High
Berry is included in several of Rolling Stone magazine’s School, which had a middle-class black student body.
“Greatest of All Time” lists. In September 2003, the
magazine ranked him number 6 in its list of the “100 [11] Weinraub, Bernard (February 23, 2003). “Sweet Tunes,
Fast Beats and a Hard Edge — Series”. New York Times.
Greatest Guitarists of All Time”.[77] In November his
Retrieved February 18, 2010.
compilation album The Great Twenty-Eight was ranked
21st in Rolling Stone’s 500 Greatest Albums of All [12] Gulla, Bob (2009). Guitar Gods: The 25 Players
Time.[78] In March 2004, Berry was ranked fifth on the Who Made Rock History. ABC-CLIO. p. 32. ISBN
list of “The Immortals – The 100 Greatest Artists of 9780313358067. Retrieved February 6, 2014.
All Time”.[6][79] In December 2004, six of his songs
[13] Pegg (2003, p. 14)
were included in "Rolling Stone’s 500 Greatest Songs
of All Time": "Johnny B. Goode" (#7), "Maybellene" [14] Berry, Chuck. The Autobiography. (page needed.)
(#18), "Roll Over Beethoven" (#97), "Rock and Roll Mu-
[15] Early, Gerald Lyn (1998). Ain't but a Place: An Anthology
sic" (#128), "Sweet Little Sixteen" (#272) and "Brown
of African American Writings About St. Louis. Missouri
Eyed Handsome Man" (#374).[80] In June 2008, his song History Museum. p. 166. ISBN 9781883982287. Re-
“Johnny B. Goode” ranked first in the “100 Greatest Gui- trieved February 6, 2014.
tar Songs of All Time”.[81]
[16] Pegg, pp. 20–22.
The journalist Chuck Klosterman has argued that in 300
years Berry will still be remembered as the rock musician [17] Early, p. 179.
who most closely captured the essence of rock and roll.[82]
[18] “News About Chuck Berry’s House in Greater Ville, St.
Louis, MO”. outside.in. Retrieved June 16, 2010.

[19] Cohn, Lawrence; Aldin, Mary Katherine; Bastin, Bruce

3 Discography (1993). Nothing but the Blues: The Music and the Musi-
cians. Abbeville Press. p. 174. ISBN 978-1-55859-271-
Main article: Chuck Berry discography 1.

[20] “The Official Site of Chuck Berry”. chuckberry.com. Re-

trieved February 18, 2010.

[21] Wittenauer, Cheryl. “Chuck Berry Remembers Johnnie

4 References Johnson”. firstcoastnews.com. Associated Press. Re-
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[23] Leonard Chess interviewed on the Pop Chronicles (1969)
[2] “Chuck Berry – Britannica Online Encyclopedia”. li-
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[3] “295 F.2d 192”. ftp.resource.org. Archived from the orig-
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[4] Pegg (, pp. 119–127) [26] Schinder, Scott; Schwartz, Andy (2008). Icons of Rock.
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[27] Denisoff, R. Serge; Romanowski, William D. (1991).
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[67] Berry, Chuck (1988). The Autobiography. New York:
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[70] “QUOTES – The Official Site of Chuck Berry”. Retrieved

September 18, 2014.

[71] Kitts, Jeff (2002). Brad Tolinski, ed. Guitar World

Presents the 100 Greatest Guitarists of All Time!: From the
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[73] “Kennedy Center: Biographical Information for Chuck

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[74] “Time Magazine Picks the 10 Best Electric Guitar Play-

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[75] “BMI ICON Awards Honor Three of Rock & Roll’s

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Chuck Berry Wins Polar Music Prize in Sweden”. The
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[80] “The RS 500 Greatest Songs of All Time”. Rolling Stone.

classic-web.archive.org. Archived from the original on
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Sources

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The Life and Hard Times of Chuck Berry. Rout-
ledge. ISBN 0-415-93751-5.
8 6 TEXT AND IMAGE SOURCES, CONTRIBUTORS, AND LICENSES

6 Text and image sources, contributors, and licenses

6.1 Text
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XXVuuch969, I dream of horses, Musgrave Pi, Tom.Reding, MarkHallisey, Tinton5, RedBot, MastiBot, Wikitanvir, Commander Cy-
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Utahraptor, RjwilmsiBot, Sirmatt30, Regancy42, Bossanoven, Scieberking, Javaweb, Hiddenstranger, GabeMc, Kosstheory, Mc29012,
EmausBot, Sir Arthur Williams, Random editor fluffy, WikitanvirBot, AmericanLeMans, John julie white, Dragonsteele, Courcelles
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6.2 Images 9

K1, BizarreLoveTriangle, Zerosprite, Harizotoh9, ThirthtonThithtertinton, Evenlode222, DrKilleMoff, BattyBot, Kuahewa, Cyberbot II,
David Regimbal, Koopatrev, Knuand, Ckoerner, TwoTwoHello, HurluGumene, Jb423, Scarabola, Andy Tsz Hin Cho, Synthwave.94,
Améthyste95, KWIAFOH, Sabbatino, Cow47, Charge2charge, Monkbot, Man010sallow, Ptb1997, Bominchina, Zabboo, Abalonney,
TheamDreaterxXx2334, CelticsFan76, 0xF8E8, Atomic Meltdown, AmorPatiturMoras, Rationalobserver, Tidewater 2014, BlueRedPur-
pleGreen, Prinsgezinde, KasparBot, Jwicklatz, Keeterlg, Neve-selbert, GreenC bot, Arlington Morton, Inverness Hoffman and Anonymous:
843

6.2 Images
• File:ChuckBerry1997.jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c0/ChuckBerry1997.jpg License: CC-BY-SA-
3.0 Contributors: Own work Original artist: Masahiro Sumori
• File:Chuck_Berry_en_Lucy_Ann_(1965).jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/14/Chuck_Berry_en_
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• File:Symbol_book_class2.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/89/Symbol_book_class2.svg License: CC
BY-SA 2.5 Contributors: Mad by Lokal_Profil by combining: Original artist: Lokal_Profil
• File:Wikidata-logo.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg License: Public domain Con-
tributors: Own work Original artist: User:Planemad
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Contributors: Own work Original artist: Rei-artur

6.3 Content license

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