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Atomic Structure and Transformation of Matter: Chemistry Notes
Atomic Structure and Transformation of Matter: Chemistry Notes
to be a part of rich heritage that introduced countless discoveries and theories and
concepts that are practically factual. Unfortunately, credit of these invention and
discoveries goes to foreigners.
Maharishi Kannada was an ancient Indian sage, scientist and philosopher propounded a
theory of atoms to explain the creation and existence of the universe.
The smallest particle, i.e. atom pervades the entire universe. It cannot be destroyed and
retains its original form under all situations. Our Rishis discovered the concept on a
spiritual context. While Kannada was the first to give clear picture about this concept.
Maharishi Kannada penned his explanations on the atomic theory of matter in his book in
Sanskrit called Vaisheshika Sutra. He propounded the atomic theory in the lines of the
concept of ‘atman’(soul) and ‘moksha’.
Kannada was the founder of Vaisheshika, one of the six major schools of Vedic philosophy
from ancient India. The other five school include Nyaya, Samkhya, Yoga, Mimamsa and
Vedanta. These school believed in one of the following criteria: i) Vedas ii) Brahman and
Atman iii) Afterlife and Devas.
Kannada’s Vaisheshika School explained about the creation and existence of the universe
by proposing an atomistic theory. He was propounded six categories (padarthas) which are
sufficient to describe everything in the universe. These include:
1. Dravya (substance)
2. Guna (quality)
3. Karman (motion)
4. Samanya (universal)
5. Visesa (particular)
6. Samavaya (inherence)
Maharishi Kannada was also known by alternate names such as Kahyapa, Ulka, Kanad and
Kanabhuk.
Main postulates of Maharishi Kannada’s atomic theory: