“TOWARDS ACHIEVING MULTIMODAL

INTEGRATION OF TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS

FOR SEAMLESS MOVEMENT OF PASSENGERS -
CASE STUDY OF HYDERABAD CITY”

Sagar Patni
Dr. Vidya V. Ghuge
Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology
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Structure of the Presentation
1. Introduction.
2. Case Study:- Hyderabad city.
3. Existing Transportation scenario.
4. Primary Surveys.
5. Location of Primary Surveys.
6. Bus Passenger & Rail Passenger Survey results.
7. Origin and Destination Survey result.
8. Issues Identified and Recommendations.
9. Multimodal Integration of transportation systems.
10. Modifying existing APSRTC bus routes.
11. Dedicated Feeder bus services for MMTS stations.
12. Effective use of Information Technology.
13. Proposed funding mechanism.
14. Conclusion.
15. References.
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Introduction
 In Indian context, urbanization is mainly an outcome of economic growth. As long as cities remain
engines of growth they will continue sprawling. It has been observed that economic growth and associated
migration often leads to overburdening of the existing transportation infrastructure of the cities.
 The current transportation scenario of Indian cities is primarily characterized by urban sprawl, declining
modal share of public transport, increased vehicular growth and road fatalities. (Source:-12th Five Year Plan)
 The share of personal modes especially of two wheelers has gone up at the rate of 12% per annum in the
past two decades, while public transport has generally dwindled (Source:- MOUD study 2008)
 The declining share of public transportation reflects its unattractiveness and insufficiency in addressing the
needs of common people.
 On one hand, long waiting periods and uncertain travel conditions leads to difficulty of users and on the
other hand multiplicity of the regulating authorities adds to it.
 Like anywhere else, urbanization has its effects on the city of Hyderabad in form of congestion, increased
demand for public transportation.
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Hyderabad City

City Hyderabad
Geographic location 17.20 N Latitude and 78.30 E Longitude and situated at an altitude of
536 meters above Mean Sea Level .
Administrative status Joint State Capital of Andhra Pradesh & Telangana
Area Hyderabad Metropolitan Development Authority (HMDA): 7,257 sq
km (Enlarged Jurisdiction of HUDA)
Population (census 2011) 7.75 millions (as per census of 2011)
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Existing Transportation scenario
Highlights from Secondary data

1. Number of private vehicles have increased from

34.50%
1.80%
7,00,859 in 2000 to about 26,24,011 in 2011 in
8%
39.80%
12.10%
taxi HMA.
Auto
2. About 44000 APSRTC bus trips are made in
2 wheeler
3.85 Car HMA on an avg. basis daily and covers70% of the
Bus
city road network.
MMTS
3. The daily passenger demand for public
transportation modes in the city is about 36 lakhs.

Figure: existing modal share Out of those 36 lakhs about 34 lakhs passengers
use buses as the primary mode of transportation
Only 36.3% of Public transport share in and rest MMTS and suburban rail services.
the city 4. Majority of the bus users are comfortable to pay 10
percent more ticket fare for travelling in MMTS.

Source:-Comprehensive Transportation Study (CTS) for Hyderabad Metropolitan Area , 2013)

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Primary Surveys
Bus Passenger survey 812 passengers were surveyed

Rail passenger survey 795 passengers were surveyed

Origin & Destination survey 3690 passengers were surveyed

The main objectives of caring out these surveys were:-

 To assess travel patterns in the city.

 To assess passenger’s profile in terms of gender, age group, income groups and vehicular ownership.
 To determine the purpose of travel.
 To assess efficiency of the bus services and rail services in terms of carrying capacity.
 To obtain user’s feedback and satisfaction levels with regards to the key parameters like service
frequency, reliability, availability of seats and safety.
 To identify the urban mobility issues and give recommendations to overcome the same.
6
Locations for Primary Surveys
1. Banjara hills
2. Jublie hills
3. Hi-Tech city

9 4. Dilsukhnagar
15 5. MGBS
3 6. Abids
2 8 13 10
1 7. Nampally
6 12
7 8. Panjagutta
5
4
11 9. Kukatpally

14 10. Secunderabad
11. Charminar
12. Uppal
13. Begumpet
14. Falakhnuma
15. Lingampally
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Bus Passenger and Rail Passenger Survey
results
2% 1% 6% 100%
Bus 79%
9% 11% 80%
22% 1 - 2 Km cycled
0% 60%
200 - 500 m Own vehicle
40%
500 - 1000 m
23% 46% Taxi / Auto
20% 11% 10%
Upto 200 m 80% Train 0%
walked very good good poor

1 Figure: Accessibility to bus stops 2 Figure: Ingress mode to bus stop 3 Figure: Frequency of the bus services

60% 56%
45% 40% 80%
40% 69%
50% 70%
35%
60%
30%
40% 35% 23% 50%
25%
18%
30% 20% 40%
15% 11% 30%
8% 18%
20% 10%
20% 12%
5%
8% 0% 10% 1%
10%
1%
UPTO 200 M 200 - 500 M 500 - 1000 M 1 - 2 KM MORE
THAN 2 KM 0%
0% GOOD VERY POOR VERY
very good good poor very poor GOOD POOR

4 Figure: Bus Passenger feedback 5 Figure: Rail passenger 6 Figure : Availability of seats in
for availability of seats accessibility to MMTS stations MMTS
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Origin Destination Survey results
About 3690 passengers were surveyed all
together at the survey locations.
100% 92%
90%
1. Survey showed that about 15.58% of the
80%
70% passengers change their mode (that is
60%
50% motorized mode, excluding trips with walk
40% 34%
30% 23%
as one of the modes) at least once.
18%
20%
8% 2. 7.3 % of the trips include modal shifts
10%
0% between buses and trains. (source: primary
Walking Bus Train 2 wheeler Auto/Taxi
survey)
3. About 92% of the trips involve bus as one
Figure: Percentage of trips with different modes as one of the modes of the modes in the modal splits of the
in modal split
trips. Thus bus dominates as one of the
modes followed by walk and train
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Issues identified and Recommendations
ISSUES IDENTIFIED

1. Bus services dominate as the primary mode of travel.

2. Buses run with full of their capacity (in peak hours) which is reflected by the poor availability of seats
in the buses.
3. The ridership trends of the city from the secondary data have depicted that the capacity of MMTS
services is yet to be utilized fully.
4. There is need to improve the accessibility of the citizens to the MMTS stations.
5. There is no coordination amongst the various public transportation modes operating in the city.

RECOMMENDATIONS

The recommendations made in the following sections are solely with the aim of:-

1. Enhancing the connectivity of APSRTC station points with MMTS stations and thus diverting the
stream of passengers from APSRTC to MMTS services.
2. Increasing the accessibility of the passengers to the MMTS stations so as to ensure more ridership for
the underutilized MMTS service.
3. Increasing the modal share of the public transportation systems in the city with a coordinated approach.
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Multi-Modal Integration of
Transportation Systems
Any transportation system works better with an integrated
approach than in isolation. And also this will increase the
efficiency of public transportation systems by diverting the
stream of passengers more from private modes to public
modes.

Multi-modal integration can be achieved by following

ways:-

1. Institutional integration

2. Fare Integration

3. Physical Integration
APSRTC Bus services
4. Network Integration
MMTS services
5. Information Integration
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Modifying some exiting APSRTC bus
routes

Figure:- Existing APSRTC bus service routes and unconnected MMTS stations

Source: www.hyderabad-india-online.com/2009/11/major-bus-routes-of-tsrtc-in-twin-cities/
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Fatehnagar
Sanjeeviah Park

Sitafal mundi

Necklace Road Arts college

James Street

Dabeerpura
Yakutpura

Figure: Recommended modified routes including MMTS station

Modified Routes:- Connected MMTS stations:-

1. Secunderabad –Nampally 1. Necklace Road 6. Yakatpura
2. Secunderabad-Charminar 2. Sanjeeviah Park 7. Fatehnagar
3. Secunderabad-Sanathnagar 3. James Street 8. Arts college
4. Secunderabad –Uppal 4. Sitafal mundi
5. Afzal Gunj-Tarnaka 5. Dabeerpura
6. Mehdipatnam-Secunderabad
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Dedicated Feeder bus service for
MMTS stations
1. From Rail passenger survey, locations with highest number of passenger travelling through MMTS are
selected which are Nampally, Begumpeth, Lingampally, Falaknuma and Hi-Tech City.

2. Travel Time:- The time taken by the feeder bus to reach the MMTS station after completing the route
should be in accordance with the current frequency of the MMTS trains, so that the commuters will make
use of this feeder bus service to catch the MMTS rail services.

3. Speed of the feeder bus is taken as 20 kmph as the average journey speed in the peak hours in the
Hyderabad Municipal corporation area is 20 kmph. (source: Hyderabad Metropolitan Development Authority,
Comprehensive Transportation Study (CTS) for Hyderabad Metropolitan Area (HMA), 2013).

4. Frequency of MMTS rail services on all the 5 stations have been found out from the time table of MMTS
schedule (as provided in the official website www.mmtstraintimings.in) and minimum frequency has been taken as
design frequency. The value of minimum frequency is substituted at the place of “Time” value in the
formula. Calculations have been done for all the five stations and distance to be covered by the feeder
bus is found out at the respective stations. Additional five minutes has been considered as the journey
delay time.
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Feeder Bus Route Design
Frequency Distance to
of MMTS be covered
Station MMTS Routes Min. Frequency
service on by feeder
the route buses
Lingampally to Falakhnuma 33 mins
Falakhnuma to Lingampally 35.25 mins
Begumpet 33 mins 10.17 km
Hyderabad to Lingampally 37.15 mins
Lingampally to Hyderabad 46.39 mins
Lingampally to Nampally 46.50 mins
Nampally 38.19 mins 11.75 km
Nampally to Lingampally 38.19 mins
Lingampally to Falakhnuma 33.30 mins
Falakhnuma to Lingampally 36.28 mins
Hi-Tech city 33.30 mins 10.24 km
Nampally to Lingampally 36.73 mins
Lingampally to Nampally 46.36 mins
Lingampally to Falakhnuma 33.10 mins
Falakhnuma to Lingampally 33 mins
Lingampally 33 mins 10.15 km
Hyderabad to Lingampally 38.17 mins
Lingampally to Hyderabad 46.36 mins
Falakhnuma to Lingampally 35.25 mins
Falakhnuma 34 mins 10.49 km
Lingampally to Falakhnuma 34 mins
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Proposed Feeder Bus Routes

1 2 3
Begumpeth Hi-Tech City Nampally

4 5

Lingampally Falakhnuma
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Effective use of Information Technology
1. The MMTS Hyderabad presently has a mobile app
based on the android and the windows platform.
The app presently provides information like MMTS
Train timings and Updated MMTS timings. Also
app detects the current location of the user and
suggests the nearest MMTS railway station.

2. The app is a good and informative which provides

all the information about the MMTS services. It
also guides the user to the nearest MMTS station.
It’s a free app and is user friendly.

3. The app only provides the information about the

MMTS and its stations. There is no information
Figure:- Screen shots of the app. about the bus services like APSRTC. Also there can
be displayed information (in form of boards)
regarding bus services on the MMTS stations and
vice-versa.
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Recommendations for Funding model

1. No additional expense on the part of APSRTC will occur for modifying the existing APSRTC bus routes
to include MMTS stations as one of the station points.

2. The funding mechanism for the dedicated feeder buses for MMTS station can be Public Private
Partnership model (as recommended by the working group in the 12th five year plan) in which Revenue risk will be on
the part of government. Bus provisioning, operation and maintenance will be on the part of private sector.

3. Government agencies can ask for aid from international funding agencies as specified in HMDA act
2008 like World Bank/ JICA.

4. Funds can be generated as advertising revenue as well. Buses while moving in the cities are an excellent
means for advertising. In addition to this stations can also serve the purpose of advertisements. These
rights may be sold and revenue can be generated.
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Conclusions
1. Thus the recommended approach is thus an attempt to suggest coordinated working of APSRTC bus
services with MMTS rail services so that the passengers can travel seamlessly from one mode to
another.

2. Connectivity of MMTS will be enhanced as passengers will get connectivity right from the neighborhood
level with the help of feeder buses to MMTS stations.

3. This will also lead to increased modal share of public transport systems in the city as people will get
access to MMTS stations easily.

4. Capacity of MMTS services will be utilized effectively. with the help of feeder services.

5. Effective use of information technology will further ease the movements of passengers across APSRTC
and MMTS station points.

Developed country is not the one where poor uses car but rich uses public
transportation…………
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References
• Manfred Breithaupt, 2014, Seamless Multimodal Integration for Smart City Public Transportation
Network.

• Pawan Kumar, S.Y. Kulkarni and M. Parida, 2009, Design Approach for Multi Modal Transport System.

• Infrastructure Partnerships Australia, Integrating Australia’s Transport Systems: A Strategy for an

Efficient Transport Future.

• Towards achieving multimodal integration of transportation systems for seamless movement of

passengers- case study of Hyderabad City, S.A Kanalli, H.S Satish, R.Satyamurthy, 2013, Planning Of
Integrated Transport System to Namma Metro at Byapanahalli – A Study.

• Hyderabad Metropolitan Development Authority,2011, Comprehensive Transportation Study (CTS) for

Hyderabad Metropolitan (HMA),www.ctshma2011.com.

• Ministry of Urban Development (MoUD), Government of India, National Transport Development Policy,
2012, Recommendations of working group on urban transport.

• www.mmtstraintimings.in/MMTS

• www.apsrtc.gov.in