Complex+Numbers++ +L3-Modulus+of+Complex+Numbers

COMPLEX NUMBERS - LESSON 3
Complex Numbers :
L3-Modulus of Complex
Numbers
Geometrical Representation &

Modulus of Complex Numbers
Representation of Complex Numbers Complex plane is also

called as Argand plane
Similar to real plane for real numbers, we
have complex plane for complex numbers
Imaginary axis
Real part of complex number y P (x,y) Z = x + iy

is represented on real axis
Real axis
O x
Imaginary part of complex number Here P(x, y), a point P in argand plane
is represented on imaginary axis representing complex number
Z = x + iy
Example
(A)Represent 4 + 3i on complex plane
(B) Represent 1 + i on complex plane

Example
Represent 4 + 3i on complex plane
Imaginary axis
3 ∙ P (4,3)
∙ Real axis
O 4
Represent 1 + i on complex plane
Imaginary axis
1 P (1,1)
∙
∙ Real axis
O 1
How to find distance of Point P from Origin ?

Imaginary axis
Distance of P from Origin
∙ P(x , y)
∙ Real axis
O
Distance of P from Origin Imaginary axis

If Z = x + iy then P(x, y) is a point
∙ P(x , y)
Representing Z on complex plane
∙ Real axis
OP = √ x2 + y2 O
The modulus of Z is represented by⎥ Z⎥ where
⎥ Z⎥ = √ (Re(z))2 + (Im (z))2
This is called Modulus of Z i.e; the

distance of point P from the origin
Example
Find ⎥ Z⎥ if (a) Z = –1 + i (b) Z = √ 3 – 3i
Example
Find ⎥ Z⎥ if (a) Z = –1 + i (b) Z = √ 3 – 3i
Solution
⎥ Z⎥ = √ (–1)2 + 12 = √ 2 ⎥ Z⎥ = √ (√ 3 )2 + (–3)2 = √ 12
Properties of Modulus of Complex Numbers

Properties of ⏐Z⏐
1) Z1 Z2 = Z1 Z2
Z1 Z1
2) =
Z2 Z2
3) K Z1 = K Z1 K≥0
4) Zm = Z m
m∈
R
Prove that : Z1 Z2 = Z1 Z2
Proof
Let z1 = a1 + ib1 and z2 = a2 + ib2,
where a1, a2 , b1, b2 are real numbers.
z1z2 = (a1 + ib1) (a2 + ib2) Factorizing this expression
= (a1a2 – b1b2) + i(a1b2 + a2b1) Taking modulus both the sides
⇒ |z1z2| = √ (a1a2 – b1b2)2 + (a1b2 + a2b1)2
⇒ |z1z2| = √ a12a22 + b12b22 + a12b22 + a22b12

⇒ |z1z2| = √ a12(a22 + b22) + b12 (a22 + b22)
= √ (a12 + b12) (a22 + b22)
= √ a12 + b12 . √ a22 + b22
⇒ |z1z2| = |z1 || z2|
Then ?
5) If Z = Z
Then ?
6) If Z = –Z
Then Z is positive
5) If Z = Z
real number
Then Z is negative
6) If Z = –Z
real number
Z = Z ⇒ √x2 + y2 = x + i y Z = – Z ⇒ √x2 + y2 = –x – i y
comparing real and imaginary part comparing real and imaginary part
y = 0 & x = √x2 + y2 → positive y = 0 & x = – √x2 + y2 → negative
Example
1+i
Find modulus of Z =
1–i
Example
Z1 | Z1 |
1+i =
Find modulus of Z = Z2 | Z2 |
1–i
Solution
1+i 1+i 1 + i = √12 + 12 = √2
Modulus of Z Z= =
1–i 1–i 1 – i = √12 + (–1)2 = √2
√2
=
√2
= 1
Example
Find modulus of Z = (1 + i)2
Example
Find modulus of Z = (1 + i)2
|Zm| = |Z|m
Solution
⎪Z⎪ = (1 + i)2
= 1+i 2
2
= √2
= 2
Example
(A) Find modulus of Z = 3 + 4i

1 – 2i
Example
3 + 4i
Find modulus of Z =
1 – 2i
Solution
⎪3 + 4i ⎪
⎪Z⎪ =
⎪1 – 2i⎪
√ 32+42
=
√ 12 + (–2)2
√ 25
= =√5
√5
Example
3
(B) Find modulus of –1 + i √ 3
Example
3
Find modulus of –1 + i √ 3
Solution
–1 + √ 3 i = (–1)2 + (√3)2
= 2
3
⇒ –1 + √ 3 i = (2)3
= 8
Example
Find modulus of (1 + i) (1 + 2i) (1 + 3i)
Example
Find modulus of (1 + i) (1 + 2i) (1 + 3i) Using property
|Z1 Z2| = |Z1| | Z2 |
Solution
Z = (1 + i) (1 + 2i) (1 + 3i)
⎪Z⎪ = ⎪1 + i⎪ ⎪1 + 2i⎪ ⎪1 + 3i⎪
= √ 2 √ 5 √10 = √ 100
= 10
Example
1 – iZ
Z = x + iy and P= , Show that if ⎪P⎪ = 1 then Z is real
Z–i
Example
1 – iZ
Z = x + iy and P= , Show that if ⎪P⎪ = 1 then Z is real
Z–i
Solution ⇒ (1 + y)2 + x2 = x2 + (y – 1)2

1 – iZ
⎪P⎪ = 1 ⇒ =1 ⇒ y2 + 2y + 1 = y2 – 2y + 1
Z–i
⇒ ⎪1 – iZ⎪ = ⎪Z – i⎪ ⇒ y = 0
⇒ ⎪1 – i(x + iy)⎪ = ⎪x + iy– i⎪ ⇒ Z is real
⎪1 + y – ix⎪ = ⎪x + i(y– 1)⎪ ⎪1 + y – ix⎪ = ⎪x + i(y– 1)⎪

Question
a + ib
If x + iy =
√ c + id
a2 + b2
2 2 2
Prove that (x + y ) = 2
c + d2
Question
a + ib
If x + iy =
√ c + id
a2 + b2
2 2 2
Prove that (x + y ) = 2
c + d2
Hint :
Take modulus on both the sides and square
Modulus Inequalities
If z1 and z2 are two complex numbers ,then
(i) |z1 + z2| ≤ |z1| + |z2 | (triangle inequality)
z1 + z 2
z2
|
|z2|
z
2
+
|z
1
z1
|z1|
O
(ii) |z1 + z2| ≥ ⎢|z1| – |z2 | ⎢

(iii) |z1 – z2| ≤ |z1| + |z2 |
(iv) |z1 – z2| ≥ |z1| – |z2 |
⎢|z1| – |z2 | ⎢ ≤ |z1 + z2| ≤ |z1| + |z2 |

Example
If |z1| = 2, then |z1 + 5 + 12i| is less than or equal to
a) 8 b) 18 c) 10 d) 15
Example
If |z1| = 2, then |z1 + 5 + 13i| is less than or equal to
a) 8 b) 18 c) 10 d) 15
Solution
Using Inequality | z1 + z2 | ≤ | z1 | + | z2 |
Let z2 = 5 + 12i
So, | z1 + 5 + 12i | = | z1 + z2 | ≤ | z1 | + | z2 |
≤ | z1 | + |5 + 12i|
| z1 + z2 | ≤ 2 + 13
| z1 + z2 | ≤ 15
Example
If |z – i| ≤ 2, and z0 = 12 + 5i then the maximum value of |iz + z0| is
a) 15 b) 10 c) 2 + √194 d) √194 – 2
Example
If |z – i| ≤ 2, and z0 = 12 + 5i then the maximum value of |iz + z0| is
a) 15 b) 10 c) 2 + √194 d) √194 – 2
Solution
|z – i| ≤ 2 |iz + z0| ≤ 2 + |12 + 5i|
Multiply by | i | both sides ≤ 2 + 13
| i | |z – i| ≤ 2| i | |iz + z0| ≤ 15
⇒ | iz + 1| ≤ 2
Now |iz + z0| = | iz + 1 + z0 – 1| ≤ |iz + 1| + |z0 – 1|
|iz + z0| ≤ 2 + |12 + 5i|
Example
If z be a complex number, then the minimum value of |z – 7| + |z| is
√3 – 1 7 +√2
a) b) √7 c) d) 7
2 2
Example
If z be a complex number, then the minimum value of |z – 7| + |z| is
√3 – 1 7 +√2
a) b) √7 c) d) 7
2 2
Solution Using Inequality
|z1 + z2| ≤ |z1| + |z2|
Let z1 = 7 – z, z2 = z
then, |z1 + z2| = |7 – z + z| ≤ |7 – z| + |z|
⇒ 7 ≤ |7 – z| + |z|
⇒ |z – 7| + |z| ≥ 7 Minimum value is 7
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Q. The number of complex numbers z such that |z – 1| = |z + 1| = |z – i| equals
AIEEE 2010
A 1
B 2
C ∞
D 0
Q. The number of complex numbers z such that |z – 1| = |z + 1| = |z – i| equals
A 1 B 2 C ∞ D 0
AIEEE 2010
Solution: Let z = x + iy
|z – 1| = |z + 1| ⇒ Re z = 0 ⇒x=0
|z – 1| = |z – i| ⇒x=y
|z + 1| = |z – i| ⇒ y = –x
Only (0, 0) will satisfy all conditions.
⇒ Number of complex number z = 1
Q. If |z - 4| < |z - 2|, its solution is given by
A Re(z) > 0
B Re(z) < 0
C Re(z) > 3
D Re(z) > 2
Q. If |z - 4| < |z - 2|, its solution is given by
A Re(z) > 0 B Re(z) < 0 C Re(z) > 3 D Re(z) > 2
Solution:
Q. If z is a complex number such that |z| ≥ 2, then the minimum value of
A Is strictly greater that JEE Main (oﬄine) 2014
B Is strictly greater that but less than

H.W
C Is equal to .
D Lie in the interval (1,2)
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Q. If z is a complex number such that |z| ≥ 2, then the minimum value of
JEE Main (oﬄine) 2014

A Is strictly greater that
B Is strictly greater that but less than
C Is equal to
D Lie in the interval (1,2)

Solution:

Complex+Numbers++ +L3-Modulus+of+Complex+Numbers

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COMPLEX NUMBERS - LESSON 3

Geometrical Representation &

Representation of Complex Numbers Complex plane is also

Real part of complex number y P (x,y) Z = x + iy

(B) Represent 1 + i on complex plane

How to find distance of Point P from Origin ?

Distance of P from Origin Imaginary axis

This is called Modulus of Z i.e; the

Properties of Modulus of Complex Numbers

⇒ |z1z2| = √ a12a22 + b12b22 + a12b22 + a22b12

(A) Find modulus of Z = 3 + 4i

⎪Z⎪ = ⎪1 + i⎪ ⎪1 + 2i⎪ ⎪1 + 3i⎪

Solution ⇒ (1 + y)2 + x2 = x2 + (y – 1)2

⇒ ⎪1 – i(x + iy)⎪ = ⎪x + iy– i⎪ ⇒ Z is real

⎪1 + y – ix⎪ = ⎪x + i(y– 1)⎪ ⎪1 + y – ix⎪ = ⎪x + i(y– 1)⎪

(i) |z1 + z2| ≤ |z1| + |z2 | (triangle inequality)

(ii) |z1 + z2| ≥ ⎢|z1| – |z2 | ⎢

(iv) |z1 – z2| ≥ |z1| – |z2 |

⎢|z1| – |z2 | ⎢ ≤ |z1 + z2| ≤ |z1| + |z2 |

➔ Previous Paper Analysis

Lightning Deal: ₹ 24999 ₹ 5999

Use Coupon Code: NAGCC

Visit the link Step-1:

Q. The number of complex numbers z such that |z – 1| = |z + 1| = |z – i| equals

Q. The number of complex numbers z such that |z – 1| = |z + 1| = |z – i| equals

Q. If |z - 4| < |z - 2|, its solution is given by

Q. If |z - 4| < |z - 2|, its solution is given by

A Re(z) > 0 B Re(z) < 0 C Re(z) > 3 D Re(z) > 2

Q. If z is a complex number such that |z| ≥ 2, then the minimum value of

A Is strictly greater that JEE Main (oﬄine) 2014

B Is strictly greater that but less than

YOU ARE IN!

INVITE YOUR FRIENDS &

Q. If z is a complex number such that |z| ≥ 2, then the minimum value of

JEE Main (oﬄine) 2014

B Is strictly greater that but less than

D Lie in the interval (1,2)

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