Parasites in Goats
Parasites in Goats
D AK O TA G O AT AS S O C I AT I O N
S TAT E W I D E G O AT C O N F E R E N C E - O C T O B E R 2 0 , 2 0 1 7
SUSAN SCHOENIAN
Sheep & Goat Specialist
University of Maryland Extension
[email protected] - (301) 432-2767 x343
www.wormx.info - www.sheepandgoat.com
PRESENTATION TOPICS
LISTSERV
• Subscribe to WORMINFO
listserv to receive an email
when something new has
been posted to the web
site.
• To subscribe, send an
email to
[email protected].
In the body of the message,
BLOG: https://www.wormx.info/blog write subscribe
WORMINFO.
ONLINE FAMACHA© TRAINING
https://www.wormx.info/riskfactors
GOATS CAN HOST MANY DIFFERENT
KINDS OF INTERNAL PARASITES.
1. Nemadodes 1. Coccidia
Roundworms 2. Giardia
Strongyles
2. Cestodes 3. Cryptospordia
Flatworms
Tapeworms
3. Trematodes
Flukes
NEMATODES – ROUNDWORMS - STRONGYLES
• Haemonchus contortus
Barber pole worm
• Trichostrongylus spp.
Black scour worm
• Teladorsagia (Ostertagia)
Brown stomach worm
Eggs look the same; need to hatch larvae in order to differentiate species.
Trichostrongylus/Teladorsagia are often not differentiated even when doing larvae ID.
CLINICAL SIGNS (SYMPTOMS) OF
ROUNDWORM INFECTION
BARBER POLE WORM “SCOUR WORMS”
HAEMONCHUS CONTORTUS TRICHOSTRONGYLES
TELADORSAGIA
• Anemia: blood/protein loss
Low packed cell volume (PCV) • Hypersensitivity of gut
FAMACHA© score 3, 4, or 5 Damage and inflammation of gut
• Sub-mandibular edema Diarrhea (scours)
“bottle jaw” swelling under jaw • Loss of weight and condition
• Loss of weight and condition Slow growth – poor performance
• Scours (diarrhea)
• Lethargy
• Weakness
• Anorexia • Death (sometimes)
• Death • Additive: usually part of mixed infections
• Acute haemonchosis: SUDDEN with H. contortus.
DEATH
ROUNDWORMS CAN BE
HARD TO CONTROL
PREVENTION
Lungworms
Tapeworms Double dosage
Liver flukes Adult stage
Coccidia
External parasites Some Some
label for bot control Not labeled
Persistent activity
Safety wide 10x 20x 5x 3x
pregnancy
restriction
Dosage 1.1 ml/25 lbs. 2 ml/25 lbs. 6 ml/25 lbs. 4.5 ml/25 lbs. Depends on
dilution
Meat withdrawal 16 days 9 days 14 days 17 days 4 days
(1 day for each additional day used)
IN WORM IN ANIMAL
• Worms develop resistance to drugs. • Some animals are more resistant to
Can’t be killed! parasites.
Pass resistant genes onto next Ability to reduce parasite establishment.
generation. Pass resistance genes onto next
generation.
WHAT IS ANTHELMINTIC
RESISTANCE?
http://www.scops.org.uk/what-is-resistance.html
ANTHELMINTIC RESISTANCE
• Compare before and after fecal egg counts • Labor-intensive laboratory test that
from same animals. determines resistance to all dewormers
and classes from a single pooled fecal
• Old protocol compared post-treatment FECs of
sample (from ~10 animals).
treated animals vs. control (untreated) group.
• Minimum FEC of 500 epg.
• ~15 animals per drug tested
• Also identifies larvae: % Haemonchus
• Minimum FEC of 250 epg*, preferably higher.
Trichostrongyles eggs look the same.
• Can use individual or pooled (composite)
• Test done exclusively by Dr. Ray Kaplan’s
samples.
lab at the University of Georgia.
• Cost varies. Can learn to do yourself or send to
• $450 per sample
parasitology lab.
Fecal egg count reduction test (FECRT)
http://www.wormx.info/combinations
RATIONALE FOR
COMBINATION TREATMENTS
https://www.wormx.info/dewormers
SELECTIVE TREATMENT IS IMPORTANT.
REFUGIA MUST BE MAINTAINED!
https://www.wormx.info/copper-oxide-wire-particles
WHAT ARE COPPER OXIDE WIRE
PARTICLES (COWP S )?
https://www.animalhealth.msu.edu/
TIPS FOR USING COWP S
AS A DEWORMER
Treatment Efficacy
(10-23 lambs per Tx group) (%FECR)
No treatment (control) Increase
Valbazen® (3 ml/50 lbs.) 20%
COWP (2 g, Ultracruz™) 58%
COWP (2 g, Copasure®) 12% Similar results could be expected if
Valbazen® + COWP 99% COWPs were combined with other
dewormers (e.g. Prohibit®).
USDA-ARS, Booneville, Arkansas
http://www.wormx.info/cowpcombo
THE FUNGUS MAY
SOON BE AMONG US.
NEMATODE TRAPPING FUNGUS
DUDDINGTONIA FLAGRANS
• Duddingtonia flagrans is a
nematophagous fungus, meaning that it
traps, paralyzes, and consumes
parasites.
• Non-chemical, biological control of the
free-living stage of nematode parasites.
• Substantially reduces number of infective
worm larvae, including multi-resistant
larvae.
• Is fed to grazing animals. Spores resist
digestion. No effect on host animal.
Passes through into manure. www.duddingtonia.co
• Reduces amount of reinfection from m
contaminated pasture. Interrupts of life
USING FUNGUS TO CONTROL PARASITES
www.wormx.info
[Consortium]
[W4: 2015 Conference]
[Fecal egg counts: uses and limitations]
FECAL EGG COUNTS (FEC S )