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Uvw 312: English For Technical Communication: Instructor: Faten Khalida Binti Khalid
Uvw 312: English For Technical Communication: Instructor: Faten Khalida Binti Khalid
TECHNICAL COMMUNICATION
WEEK 5
Instructor:
FATEN KHALIDA BINTI KHALID
In-text citation
References
Quoting, Paraphrasing, Summarizing
and Synthesizing.
WHY do we cite information sources?
• There are different types of university assignments
(e.g. essays, reports, oral presentations, blogs,
PowerPoint presentations and case studies.)
• When you write an assignment, you will usually be
expected to include the details of any sources you
have used as in-text citation and in a list at the end
of the assignment called references.
• Each time you “borrow” ideas, data,
information or illustration from other sources
to use in your assignment, you will need to
reference the source.
• WHY?
• Citing your sources acknowledges the origin of your
information.
– It lends CREDIBITILY to your work by showing the evidence
of your research.
– Demonstrate the AUTHENTICITY of your information.
– It enables your readers to LOCATE your information
sources.
– Avoid PLAGIARISM and its associate penalties.
• What should I reference?
– Hard copy (paper-based) sources e.g. books,
journal articles, newspapers, magazines,
brochures, pamphlets, etc.
– Electronic sources e.g. websites, videos, blogs,
file clips, audio files, notes and readings.
– Other sources e.g. phone conversations,
interviews.
– Visuals e.g. images, figures, tables.
A citation…
• A fundamental research skills.
• Serves as a reference to the source of an idea,
information or image.
• Typically includes enough identifying
information:
– Author, Title, Publication, etc.
• Allow readers to access the original sources if
they want to use the information.
• To AVOID PLAGIARISM.
What is Plagiarism?
• A serious academic offense.
• “taking someone else’s words or ideas as if they were
your own.”
• “a piece of writing that has been copied from
somebody else’s and is presented as being your own
word”
• Plagiarism:
– Copy/ paraphrase/summarize another’s words, ideas or opinion
without documenting your sources.
– Download something from the internet including graphic and using it
in your paper without citing the source.
– Copy somebody else’s paper and handing it as your own.
What are the consequences for
committing plagiarism?
WHY ACKNOWLEDGE SOURCES?
• Reflect the careful and thorough work that you
have put in locating and exploring your sources.
• Acknowledge those authors who contributed to
your work.
• By citing sources, you demonstrate your integrity
and skills as responsible students and
researchers.
Citation Styles
• APA : Psychology, Education and Sciences
/ Social Sciences, Literature
• IEEE : Engineering, Computer Science
• MLA : Literature, Art, Humanities
• AMA : Medicine, Biological Sciences
• Turabian : Designed for college students to use
for their subjects.
• Chicago : All subjects in the real world by books,
magazines, newspaper and other non-
scholarly publications.
APA Style
(American Psychological Association)
APA Style
• Originated in 1929.
• 2 levels:
– Sentence level (IN-TEXT CITATION)
– Reference list
APA Citation (In-Text Citations)
How to do it?
1. Quoting
2. Paraphrasing
3. Summarizing
4. Synthesizing
1. Quoting
• COPY & PASTE.
• Take the exact words from the author and
place it in your writing.
• QUOTATION STYLES:
– SHORT quotation
– LONG quotation
a) Short Quotation
• Fewer than 40 words.
• Short quotations are incorporated into the text.
• E.g.:
Lee (2007) stated, “ The ability to think critically is needed
in this revolutionary age of technological change.” (p.88)
OR
One researcher emphasized that “the ability to think
critically is needed in this revolutionary age of
technological change” (Lee, 2007, p.88)
Emphasize Contend
Suggest
How to Paraphrase?
Common idea from these TWO sources: English is the global world
language.
Synthesizing contrastive ideas.
• Source 3 (Havir, 1999)
– Small number of speakers worldwide.
– Importance of English linked to political power.
– More people speak Chinese worldwide.
• Source 4 (James,2001)
– Minority of speakers in the world.
– Chinese will be dominant in the future after the
decline of English.
Common idea from these TWO sources: English is NOT the global world
language.
Syntheses:
Books
Book with 2
Website authors
RL
Book with
Journal
‘Edition’
APA Citation (Reference List)
1) BOOKS (single author)
• Author’s Name, Year, Title of Publication / Book,
Place of Publication (Location: City & State),
Publisher
Author’s Year. Title. Place Publisher.
name.
Example: (City,
State:)
Calfee, R. C. (2007). APA guide to New York, Pearson
preparing United Longman
manuscripts for States:
journal publication.
APA Citation (Reference List)
2) Book with 2 Authors (or more)
- Authors: Calfee, R. C. and Valencia, R. R.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
A’s & A’s name. Year. Title. Place Publisher.
name. (City,
State:)
Calfee & Valencia, (2007) APA guide to New Pearson
, R. C. R. R. . preparing York, Longman
manuscripts United
for journal States:
publication.
APA Citation (Reference List)
3) Book – With ‘Edition’
1 2 3 4 5 6
A’s Year. Title. Edition Place Publisher
name. (ed.) (City, State:) .
Calfee, (2007) APA guide to (2nd ed.). New York, Pearson
R. C. . preparing United Longman
manuscripts for States:
journal
publication
APA Citation (Reference List)
4) Journal
1 2 3 4 5 6
A’s Year. Title. Journal’s Issue and/ Page
name. Name or Volume
Wargh, J. (2003). English as a Journal of 7(4), 556-578
lingua franca: A Sociolingu
threat to istics,
multilingualism.
APA Citation (Reference List)
5) Website
1 2 3 4 5 6
A’s (n.d. Title. Date of Name of Source’s
name. ) Retrieval the URL
(Retrieve Website
d on…) (…from…
)
Bread, (n.d. Elements of a Retrieve from http://w
F. H. ) bussiness plan: d on July Entrepen ww.entre
An executive 23, 2007 eur peneur.c
summary. om/starti
ngbussin
ess
Reference List in APA Citation
• The name of authors must be arranged
according to alphabetical order.(A,B, C Z)
Author’s name.
Author’s Real Name In-text Citation References
Race
Chinese names Tan Lee Keong According to Tan Tan Lee Keong (2003)
(2003),….
Inherited names Engku Haliza binti According to Engku Engku Haliza Engku
Engku Ibrahim Haliza (2009),… Ibrahim. (2009)
• Books
Author(s). Book title. Location: Publishing
company, year, pp.
Example:
W.K. Chen. Linear Networks and Systems.
Belmont, CA: Wadsworth, 1993, pp. 123-35.
IEEE Citation (Print References)
• Book Chapters
Author(s). “Chapter title” in Book title, edition,
volume. Editors name, Ed. Publishing location:
Publishing company, year, pp.
Example:
J.E. Bourne. “Synthetic structure of industrial
plastics,” in Plastics, 2nd ed., vol. 3. J. Peters, Ed. New
York: McGraw-Hill, 1964, pp.15-67.
IEEE Citation (Print References)
• Article in a Journal
Author(s). “Article title”. Journal title, vol., pp,
date.
Example:
G. Pevere. “Infrared Nation.” The International
Journal of Infrared Design, vol. 33, pp. 56-99,
Jan. 1979.
IEEE Citation (Print References)
• Books
Author. (year, Month day). Book title.
(edition). [Type of medium]. Vol. (issue).
Available: site/path/file [date accessed].
Example:
S. Calmer. (1999, June 1). Engineering and Art.
(2nd edition). [On-line]. 27(3). Available:
www.enggart.com/examples/students.html
[May 21, 2003].
IEEE Citation (Electronic References)
• Journal
Author. (year, month). “Article title.” Journal title.
[Type of medium]. Vol. (issue), pages. Available:
site/path/file [date accessed].
Example:
A. Paul. (1987, Oct.). “Electrical properties of flying
machines.” Flying Machines. [Online]. 38(1), pp. 778-
998. Available:
www.flyingmachjourn/properties/fly.edu [Dec. 1,
2003].
IEEE Citation (Electronic References)
• Newspaper
Author(s). “Article title.” Newspaper (month,
year), section, pages.
Examples:
B. Bart. “Going Faster.” Globe and Mail (Oct.
14, 2002), sec. A p.1. “Telehealth in Alberta.”
Toronto Star (Nov. 12, 2003), sec. G pp. 1-3.
IEEE Citation (Odd Sources)