Arabic Grammar - Level 05 - English Book
Arabic Grammar - Level 05 - English Book
Arabic Grammar - Level 05 - English Book
Program
Level 5: Advanced Arabic
Muhammad Mubashir Nazir
At the end of this level, you’ll be able to appreciate the fine rhetorical
concepts in the Arabic language. You’ll be able to understand the
Islamic literature in Arabic without consulting a dictionary frequently.
www.mubashirnazir.org
This book is the beta version of this program. Quality review is in progress. Certain spelling, grammar or
language mistakes are possible in this book.
Table of Contents
Description Page
Introduction 4
Lesson 6A: Special Types of Metaphorical Meanings /0(1 02( 341 135
Lesson 9A: Wish, Hope & Call 223
Description Page
Lesson 11A: Sequence of Words ="> :=0- 280
Lesson 12A: Use of Proper & Common Nouns ="2 ?01 305
Bibliography 500
Dear Reader:
Assalam o alaikum!
Thanks for selecting “Quranic Arabic Program” to learn the Arabic Language. We will take you through a
series of lessons. At the end, you will be able to understand the Arabic Language Insha Allah. This program
contains an easy approach to learn the Arabic Language. This program covers the language of Islamic
Literature but it is name the “Quranic Arabic Program” because the Quran resides at the central position in
this program.
People learn Arabic Language due to two reasons: To understand the Quran, the Hadith and classic Arabic
Literature; or to speak and write in the modern Arabic to communicate with Arabs. This course is targeted
towards the former objective. Although people with the second objectives can also get benefit of this
program.
Due to its systematic nature, Arabic is one of the easiest languages of the world. It has well-defined rules
and a developed language structure. If you are familiar with these rules, you can learn this language in a few
weeks.
To understand the Quran and the Hadith, it is essential to learn the Arabic Language used in the Quran, the
Hadith and the Islamic literature. We will focus on its linguistics, philology and figurative speech.
Study Methodology
Study Methodology is very simple. Study one lesson daily. Solve all the exercises provided under “Test
Yourself”. Do not read the answers before attempting the questions. Once you solve the exercises, compare
your answers with the answers provided to you. In a few weeks, you will find that your Arabic Language
skills are improving.
The Boxes
Following boxes are provided to you for your ready reference. They contain very important information for
you.
Level 1 – 5 are also divided into two streams. “A” series deal with the rules of Arabic Grammar &
Eloquence. Enough exercises are provided to you to learn the Grammar & Eloquence rules.
The objective of “B” Series is to build your vocabulary. Passages from the Quran, the Hadith and selected
writings of Arab scholars are provided to you. You have to learn the words and styles and then translate the
passages into English. You need not to cram these words. The lessons and the exercises are designed in a
way that you will automatically learn the grammar rules, words and Arabic styles. At this level, we shall not
provide you the answers for the B Series.
This program is not designed to teach you day-to-day conversation in the Arabic language. This program is
also not designed to teach you how to write in Arabic language. But this program will help you in achieving
these two objectives. You need an Arabic speaking environment as well as a teacher to achieve these two
objectives. Nevertheless, the program is basically designed to teach you comprehension in the Arabic
language.
Important Note
This book is the beta version of this program. Quality review is in progress.
Certain spelling, grammar or language mistakes are possible in this book.
Dear Reader!
Build Your Personality
Congratulations! Now you have completed the rules
of Arabic Grammar. You are able to read any Arabic Take care of your parents. They have taken
book with the help of a dictionary. With the care of you, when you were not able to do
expansion of your vocabulary, your dependence on anything.
dictionary will decrease.
From this lesson, we are going to start the discussion about Advanced Arabic. In the classical language in
which the Quran was revealed,
was considered extremely important. The Arabs used to
conduct prose and poetry competitions in their festivals. Their Orators used to deliver sermons and their
poets used to read their poems. The winner was awarded in a way that his master-piece was hanged with the
wall of the Holy Ka’aba. These orators and poets enjoyed the highest status in their society.
At that time, the Quran was revealed. All Arabs whether they believed or not that it is the book of God,
agreed on the point that the language of the Quran is at the highest level of
, and that level is
not achievable for any human being. At that time, the Almighty Allah challenged the opponents of Quran to
produce a language master-piece equivalent to the language of Quran with their combined effort.
:= KL M N( !( U; M( KO P= G( := L Q RK SK<O= !( ;( ) G( P= G( 3H 4 SK$T( SK*B DC 5( = < C;< EF5 EG( I
H 0=4 J(D := KL M N(
(2:23 3- ) .V %( O( W
If you are in doubt what We have revealed on Our servant (Muhammad), bring a chapter like it and call all
of your helpers (for it), if you are true.
Despite of their communication skills, they failed to produce something like the Quran. Even the strongest
opponents of Islam and Prophet Muhammad :; !";< ^ ;W admired the language of the Quran. Walid
Bin Mughira, who was one of the major opponents of Islam, said to his friend Abu Jahl, “No person knows
war-poetry, biographical-poetry, intuitional-poetry and general poetry better than me, but by God, nothing is
comparable to this Quran. The sweetness and beauty of this communication is excellent.”
In these lessons, we shall learn the communication standards of the Classical Arabic.
Do you know?
Scholars differ on the definition of the term “Literature _O&”. Some include every
written item in it. Some of them use it to describe that piece of communication which
causes a change in mind, and emotions of its audience. An effective piece of
communication must be clear, complete, concise, cohesive, concrete, correct and
creating a nice impression. It should contain unique way of description, intellectual
depth, fantastic imagination, and attractive presentation. This is called “effectiveness”.
The effectiveness of a good piece of communication is similar to that of a masterpiece
of music, painting, poetry or some other art.
Fasahah
Literal meaning of
D is “to become clear”. The `" 2 is the communication that is clear in
meanings. The words used in that communication should be formed by the grammar rules, their meaning
should be easily understandable by the people of that language. The words are used in a style that is widely
used by the language experts.
In evaluating the
D of a communication in a particular language, literary taste of its native people is
very important. It is the sense that distinguishes between the good and the bad language. For example, to
describe the rainy clouds, Arabs use different words i.e. @
a 1KT b 0= O b5FKG etc. First two words are easy to
speak. They produce good acoustic effect on the ears of the listener. On the contrary, the word @
a 1KT is
difficult to speak and it also creates a sense of ugliness while listening.
Language experts have describe the following attributes of a `" D communication:
• The communication should not be formed against the grammar rules unless the native people use that
style against the grammar rule as an exception.
• The communication should not include any ugly word which is difficult to speak and creates a bad
impression on the listener.
• The communication should not include a combination of words that is difficult to speak or listen. For
example, try to read briskly the following verse of an Arab poet about the war:
c
K%_
H
c
(%_
L% d
"C : K %C M( C2 T( _
H
c
K%
(The grave of war is in the desert: Going near to the grave of war is not a grave itself.)
It is very difficult to read this verse briskly. Therefore, it is not a `" D communication.
• The words must be arranged in a proper sequence. If the arrangement is not proper, it may result in
unclear meaning. For example “If this hat does not fit your head, it should be made smaller.” In this
sentence, it is not clear which should be made smaller i.e. head or hat? The correct sequence is “The hat
should be made smaller, if it does not fit your head.”
• Proper words should be used which clearly describe the intended meanings. The words must be well-
known and they must be used by the language experts i.e. writers and poets.
• The communication must be free of unnecessary repetition and use of too many words.
Balaghat T
T is the appropriateness of a communication to its audience. The e"; 2 is the communication that is
`" D and appropriate words and sentences are used with respect to audient in order to produce desired
results. For example, if the objective of an advertisement is to invoke its audience to buy a product and
people got bored by looking at the advertisement, it will not be a e";T communication.
T is an art that refines the aesthetic sense of a student. After learning it, the student is able to differentiate
between an appropriate or an inappropriate communication.
• J(51 :;<: It is the set of rules by learning which a person can protect himself / herself against
the mistakes in describing some meaning.
• M" :;<: It is the set of rules by learning which a person can make his / her communication
clear.
• 90 :;<: It is the set of rules by learning which a person can communicate in a beautiful way.
Style _SL;&
_S;L (plural I"(&) stands for the style in which something is described. It means the “style of
expression” to achieve the specific objective of that communication. It includes a lot of this e.g. selection &
sequence of words & sentences, expression of fine feelings etc. We’ll study them in the next chapters. There
are three types of I"(&:
Test Yourself
1. Describe the distinguishing features of : J(Tkl _S;j J(TOj _S;j J;1 _S;j
2. Translate the following passages and identify the type of _S;& of each one.
MC y#0 G "(D := K C . x( G F := K C = 5C ۚ MC SL-EK <( K J(U ( ; 7 K L E = &C a "= > h
(zC &C ' %L
:= K5=&C&C qL S-L "DC !( U; M( KO P= G( MC KK1= 0 G := gK K # K = 0 S= 0 .nSLi$ = G x<= h T4 ;C < MC C ۚ P 0((>
h 5(KO P= G( C 7 ( E5 M &C C J(= 0 MC C G h 5= K SL%C C'"(E$ S;t := gK = &C ( CK g (O<( := K; ;C t
= &C
MC SLSL-* T( := L SKTUC = -C DC . x4SKT xGS= %C SK5C SK$5 E
:= gK Q T := K 1= EG P= 2( C Q "(= &C P= G(
. x(C xT C< !K % ( 5K := 2L = G( := ;( 0 P= G ۚ x= 5 C nD= W
MC SK1"(k$ = * DC
:= 2L 1= T ; 1 ۗ @ ( S= BC J(D MC SK#= 0 1Uk MC SL;L B "C := KE5N( UN( 1 V ;( = K P G( h
;C = %C ; 4= &C G
L 2C (C; "= ;C < qC F( 5=&L CS= C 5Q C-( MC SK= 0 C P 0(U qC C% . x( T h T4 MC C ۗ 2 MC K(= *&C n = D( / H 1= (
. x (C SK<K =S< := ( $
( L 5=&C J(D K2 = ( -C C ۗ ET4 5 = &C
SL;( < G CN( G= ( %C .3 x4SK, = G x,=
( MC SLSL-0 V G( ( ,
= K ; ( H i(G S= 0 #
= TK C C 2C (C; CM= 0 S= 0
K U-#
* S= 0 .n;"(-G PK $
= &C -C $
= GK a "= > H i(G S= 0 ( E,
_ K W = &C . x4SL)= G g pK ; 1 , DC 'H < P= G(
P 0(D( C2 C;< xGS= 0 MC C ۚ P(
= E;( H i(G S= 0 hK ; K .n;0(F= * L 2C (C; qC F5K ( (T y E$
J("= C ;C 0= 0 .n;"( q( SKE 9 G 8 K 7 E* J("= C 0 qL SL-0 !( 0= 0 ;C < :K (U 4 /1 0 S= 0 . x$ ( <
.nL> M( $5={(; ( ML Ck"= E# MC C ۗ J(5Q z N( 1= T ( P( < J(U;t &C = -C C .n;"(;> x5C;DL 7( E*&C := C
P G( K < J(5 '2L ( ; 1 h (C C . x4SK,= G MC =-L Cg L7 E* J(GS= %C UMN( _4 0 qL SKE qC C%
ۚ 3n
( ;K ML =-L !( "= ;C < qC F5K CS= C KC C P 0(U qC C% . x( 5 x0O( g h T T( C C ۗ V G( ( ,
= K
. x$ ( * P $
= &C
(T i ( UN( 'H )C T( h
5SK*B 0 C .5 n;"(*= * pK ; E*4 ۖ O DL !( T(
)CK( h
(C C
.n;"( ' t &C x5C2G ¡R h i(CL& : E CN( =:( g( SKK 6 ;C < MC K# = 0K P 0(U
(1) It is an indirect communication to the pagans. The communication is directed towards the Prophet but actually
the question of the pagans is answered.
(2) If a directive / request is described in a descriptive way, it indicates that the speaker is motivating people to do
so. If a
is added to it, it creates more emphasis.
(3) This word has two meanings: Big cover and veil or “I seek refuge”. Here it is used in the second meaning.
(4) Cutting hands with teeth is an expression for regret.
(5) '"** means reading with special arrangement. It may be self-reading or reading in front of people.
(6) The word ;< after M# indicates that the word is in meaning of MS$0 which means “pulling & dragging”.
SKTUC P 0(U ( S= -C CN( g z ; -L DC . x0(+ MC K4g pK >&C !K 1 G ; 1 _ 2( SKG "= * = -C C
5= <= &C ۖ n 0 ~
( E;( := gK ; 1 := gK % &C 'C K SKTUC EC H SK5 S= %C .1 xG( = * := gK 5= EG DC *(0(T
!K C T= t ¢;L . x)(C h (zC P "= T x5K%L ~E _ W = &C O SKC xO< .x"(&C xT C< V ( (U;(
ۚ 5= 0 SK5SL20 := ;C DC &C ۚ ( S= E$ kC G 8 = k( G= &L J(U ( 0= -C C;< =S*&C = -C C .1 x(= * 5= E* ¢;L ۖ qC C)G= BC
. x4SK#5K MC SK= 0 C SK5C ' T
M &C CS= C ( ( P= < ;
( "KC O C M (N .nSK4 !K U; r C 1 T (U Cg &C xFK gK UN( h 5L7 ( E0 M N( = C&4 CzN(
pK Sg !K CN( C 7 E* P( G 0=&C4 &C .n;"( ' t &C P= G _ C1 MC = 0 V
( MC SK;C 1= 0
= ( W
= ET4 MC SLSL-0 P0(U
.xG S%C h
(zC P "= T MC C KK- 0 := C SLD( $
= 0K := C SL-C 5=&C CzN( P 0(U
ۚ MC SK5F= 0 C
(T UN( !K U; E
J(U d
E MC SL;K- 0 C > xCN( !( U; 9 G MC SK<= 0 C P 0(U
P G _
* P= G UN( .x5GK !( "(D = ;L 7
= 0 ( G "-( S= 0 _
K C1 !K C ?
= < 0K .1 xGC&C ; 0 h (zC ' 1 0 P= G
_ * P= G .x"(
4 x4SLC !K U; MC C ۗ 8 H $
:= ( *(Ci" !K U; qL 0K h i(CLBDC 1 x(W n; < 'C ( <
.xTG !( U; CN( _K SK0 !K E5{(DC x(W 'C (<
.xG ( G S( = U;(T G CzN( 4 F MC K #
= 0 C P0(U
.x5"= <K W
K "= ;C < 7
( 0 := C := ( T4 8
( 0(T KzL CzN( P0(U
.2 xGGN( V
-( EK ; ( ; 1 = PH "K<= &C 3C E%L *(E04zL ( += &C P= G( C I
= g ET4 MC SLSL-0 P 0(U
-C $
= GK
= $
K
ۚ "(D P 0((> .xGC; n E"
( * "D( MC S= U-;C 0K KW T( C DC = K MC = F , = 0K h
i(CL&
.xG F( ML SL20
S= $
DC := KT=UC = -C DC ۖ := L £K <OK CS= C JT4 := 2L T( BL1= 0 G ' %L .xGC-GK
(1) These two sentences provide a comparison.
(2) It is not a prayer to get leadership. It is a prayer for the right guidance of one’s family and followers.
He does not care BL1= 0 G They are not stingy KK- 0 := C Atrocious, seizing xG C
K >BCDC 1 I
a 5=zC EJ;C <
2 .MC SK1( $
= GK := 2L 1 G E5N( ۖ *(0(T g z CD ۖ U;C qC C%
.'C "( = N( J(T 1 G ' ( 4= &C M &C .V
( C1 _4 qL SK4 E5N( CSL-DC MC S= < = D( "*(B DC
P G(
5=&C
; 1 DC J(U h
;C 1= DC
; 1 DC V(( ( K <K P= G( "(D
) (C x"( "(D h
T 5K := C&C qC C%
.P 0(D( C2
P G( J(;C 1 x 2
K JT4 J( I
g S DC := 2L K >( EC := 2L = G( 8
K 4= C DC .3 V E P G( 5&C nzN( K; 1 DC qC C%
.'C "( = N( J(T 8 = E< M &C EJ;C < K * b 1= (5 h
; *( .V
;( = K
V( C1 _4 G ML S= < = D( qC C%
.V
(%( SKG := K= L M N( ۖ K "= T G }
( 4= BC 8
( E$ _4 qC C%
(1) The Israelites were enslaved by the Pharaoh. Once an Egyptian was beating an Israelite. Prophet Moses 3S; !";<
$ stopped him to do so. He attacked on him. By defending himself, Moses jabbed him with his fist which hit him
unintentionally at a sensitive place and he died. That incident became the reason of his migration. Here, he is
indicating that incident. (2) A sentence is omitted here due to its perceptibility. “After receiving instructions of his
Lord, he went to the Pharaoh with his brother Aaron.” Then he demanded the manumission of Israelites from
slavery. (3) This word is also used to describe “one in search of something”. Here it is used in this meaning.
You enslaved 8
= E< It is eloquent K ;( kC = 0 One who frets himself to death 9a >( T
CMSK1( $
= * C&C !K CS=
P= ( qC C%
.V
(EBC :K 2L (T _4 := 2L T4 qC C%
.Mb SK,
= C := 2L "= CN( 'C ( 4= &L (U :K 2L CSK4 UMN( qC C%
.MC SL;-( 1= * := K= L M N( ۖ K "= T G _
( ( = @
( ( #
= _4 CqC%
.V
5(SK,$
= P G( h
E;C 1 = BCC ("= C xCN( 8
7
E* P( i(C qC C%
HV(GK H J= #
T( h
Ki ( S= C &C qC C%
.V
%( O( E P G(
= L M N( !( T( 8
( B DC qC C%
Cg UMN( !K CS=
{(;C ; ( qC C% .P 0(( E;( y "= T J g( Cz{(DC pK 0
F 5 .Va (GK Mb 1= L J g( Cz{(DC pK < -C BCDC
CMKGK B * CzDC p( (
=$( T( := 2L t ( 4= &C P= G( := 2L ( 7
= 0K M &C K 0(0K .:a "(;< a
( $C
.:H "(;< 4H E '2L T( SK*B 0 .P 0(R(
P( ( J(D r
1 T= pK >&C != (4= &C SLC%
SK5C M N( 3C
E$ 9K (E5 U;1 C CMSK1( ,
= GK := K5=&C ' g ~
( E;( 'C "(% .H SL;1= G H S= 0 8
( C-"(( 3L
E$ 9 ( , K DC
.V
(( :K gK
P ( C nzN( := 2L E5N( := 1 5 qC C% V(( PK
= 5 EL M N( x= BCC C EP(&C MC S= < = ( ( SLC% 3L
E$ Q E;C DC
.V T(E-C K
PK
= C E5N( MC S= < = D( 3( EF1( T( SLC% := K E"( <( := K C
( =S-C BCDC .MC SL-; GK := K5=&C G SL-&C SKG := K C qC C%
.P 0(( 3L E$ J -( BLDC .MC SL2D( B 0 G ?
K -C ; * J g( Cz{(DC pK < SKG -C BCDC .MC SK(
.MC K4g SKG _4 .V
( C1 _ T( EG SLC%
EP1 k%C BLC ۚ MC SK;C 1= *
S= $
;C DC
= $ :K 2L U;< (U :K L K (2C C !K E5N( ۖ := 2L C MC zC M &C 'C = %C !K C := K= G qC C%
1 .V 1( = &C := 2L E;W
BLC
H C;>( P= G( := 2L ;C K 4= &C =:2L 0( 0=&C
(1) Amputation was a common practice for the Pharaoh. He also used to punish by crucifying.
.V
(G( = K qC E&C EL M &C 50Ck> T4 C ( = 0 M &C 9K k 5 E5N( .MC SK;( -C = GK T4 CN( E5N( ۖ "= t
C SLC%
( CK g UMN( .P 0(R(
P( ( J(D ML S= < = D( 'C 4= BCDC .MC SK1EGK := 2L E5N( (O1( T( ( = &C M &C SKG CN( "=
= &C
.MH SK"<K 8 H E P= G( := gK = >= BCDC .MC K4z(
9a "(, C E5N( .MC SL(C C := K E5N( .MC SL;"(;%C b G z( = # ( C
.'C "( = N( J(T g4 = &C h
(C C .¤H ( C H C-G +H SKL
J 1( G UMN( ۖ U;C qC C% .MC SL4 = K C E5N( SKG _ K W = &C qC C% M( 1= ,
Q * E;C DC .V %( ( #= GK := gK SK1*=BCDC
O( S= UkC @H = D( ' L MC C2DC ;C C 5=CD ۖ
= 1 T( _ = ( t= M( &C SKG CN( "=
= BCDC .P( 0(= " JT4
h (zC J(D UMN( .P 0(> % &C E:L .V
1( = &C !K 1 G P= G SKG "= ,
5=&C .P 0(> E:C C+= &C .:( "(1
.:K "(
E FK 0(F1 S K C h
ET4 UMN( .V (G( = GK := gK K )C &C MC C G ۖ n 0C
.V
( ( < C ' C DC xGW = &C K K1= 5 SLC% 1 CMKK1= * G !( G( S= %C !( "(TBC( qC C% z N( .: "(g T=N( BC5 := ( "= ;C < 'L *=
.MC SL;1 0 h
(C C 5Q T 5= ' T SLC% CM
K 0 = &C := 2L 5SK1C = 0 = &C CMSK<= * z N( := 2L 5SK1 $ = 0 ' g qC C%
(U .V ( C1 E_4 UN( J( ¡K < := K E5{(DC CMSKG % CB :K L £K T := K5=&C CMKK1= * := K= L G := K0=C& DC &C qC C%
E:L J(K"(0K (U .V ( ( # = 0 S K DC
K t = ( G CzN( .V ( -( $
= 0 J(K 1( k 0K S gK (U .P( 0(= 0 S K DC J(-C ;C >
2 .V ( (E (T J(- ( &C x2
K J( I = g _4 .P( 0 S= 0 J(iC"(k> J( ( = 0 M &C 9K A C& (U .V ( "( = 0K
P G( MC C !K E5N( J(TBC( = ( .:( "(1E ( E ( C4 P= G( J(; 1 = .P 0(>( J(D @ H = W ( MC $( J( ' 1 =
.MC SL)1 = 0K S= 0 J(5F( 7
= *K C .V
E
8
( + TK .V -( EK ; ( L E,
( C (+= &L .:H "(; I
H ; -C T( ! U; *&C P= G UN( .3 MC SKT C qb G 9K C = 0 C S= 0
.MC K( = 0 = &C := 2L 5KK = 0 ' g !( U; M( KO P= G( .MC KK1= * := K= L G P 0=&C := K C 'C "(% .P 0(; ( :K "(,
.MC SK1 = &C d "(;T=N( OK SKK .MC K := gK "(D SK2( = 2L DC
(1) The objective of this question is not to seek information. It is asked to depict the humility of idols.
(2) The communication was directed towards people. Suddenly its direction has changed from people to Allah. This
way of communication is very effective if the audience has a slight willingness. (3) This is a t1G ;K.
U;t
&C G .V ( C1 _ T( := 2L 0S$
5K z N( .VH (GK qH C;t J(C EL M N( !( U;* .MC SK( 7 = 0 "(D := gK SLC%
UMN( .V (G( = K P G( MC SL2DC 3n EC C UM&C S= ;C DC .:H "(
H 0(W C .V 1( D( R P= G( C DC .MC SKG( , = K UN(
.:K "(
E FK 0(F1 S K C h
ET4 UMN( .V
(G( = GK := gK K )C &C MC C G ۖ n 0C h
(zC J(D
! U; SL-E*CD .V
a G( &C qb SK4 := 2L C J5N( .MC SL-E* C&C
a SK5 := gK SK>&C := K C qC C% z N( .V ;( = K H SK5 K S= %C
= TUC
.M( SK1"(A&C ! U; SL-E*CD .V ( C1 _4 ;C < UN(
( = &C M N( ۖ H = &C P= G( !( "= ;C < := 2L LBC= &C G .M( SK1"(A&C
CMSLzC 4= BC h
1 E* h
C PK G( = 5K&C SLC%
O( 4( CkT( 5&C G .MC K1K #
= * S= C ۖ JT4 ;C < UN( := K TK$
( M N( .MC SL; 1= 0 SK5C T( J(; <( G qC C%
.Va (GK a 0(5 UN( 5&C M N( .V
(G( = K
.V
G( SK= P G( EP5SL2C
K SK5 0 !( = * := C P= i(C SLC%
.V
(G( = K P G( J 1( G P= G J(,5 x= DC := K "= T J("= T `
= D CD .M( SKTUC J(GS= %C UMN( _4 qC C%
MC C G ۖ n 0C h
(zC J(D UMN( .V
%( K 1= T % &C E:L .M( SK# = h ( ; L J(D !K 1 G P= G pK "= , =5BCDC
.:K "(
E FK 0(F1 S K C h
ET4 UMN( .V (G( = GK := gK K )C &C
! U; SL-E*CD .V a G( &C qb SK4 := 2L C J5N( CMSL-E* C&C Oa SKg := gK SK>&C := K C qC C% z N( .V ;( = K Oa < = TUC
n 0 9H 0(4 '2L T( MC SK= *&C .V
( C1 _4 ;C < UN( ( = &C M N( ۖ H = &C P= G( !( "= ;C < := 2L LBC= &C G .M( SK1"(A&C
.M( SK1"(A&C ! U; SL-E*CD .P 0(4E := K#
= kC T := K#
= kC T CzN( .MC K;L 7 = * := 2L U;1 C 9 5( G MC L7 ( E* .1 MC SL)1= *
_ C< := 2L "= ;C <
K >&C J5N( .MH SK"<K 8 H E .V (T H 15=BCT( := L EG &C .MC SK;C 1= * T( := L EG &C (U SL-E*
.:H "(< H S= 0
.V
( <( S P G( P= 2L * := C = &C
< &C "= ;C < ¥ S SLC%
MC C G ۖ n 0C h
(zC J(D UMN( ۗ := gK 2 ;C g= BCDC pK SKTU2C DC .V T(U1 K T( PK
= 5 G .V (EBC K ;L >K UN( Cg M N(
.:K "(
E FK 0(F1 S K C h
ET4 UMN( .V (G( = GK := gK K )C &C
1. A’aad nation is famous for their construction. They used to build towers at different places without any use to
demonstrate their artistic power. Their archeological sties in Oman & Yemen reside such towers.
10000BC S5
2000BC :"g TN
900BC M"; O O
2000BC ¦S
1500BCP0G
1200BC MS<D 5000BC OSC
! U; SL-E*CD .V a G( &C qb SK4 := 2L C J5N( CMSL-E* C&C ` a (W := gK SK>&C := K C qC C% z N( .V ;( = K OK SKC
= TUC
gK g G J(D MC SL = *K&C .V ( C1 _4 ;C < UN( ( = &C M N( ۖ H = &C P= G( !( "= ;C < := 2L LBC= &C G .M( SK1"(A&C
1 V g( 4( CD x*SK"TK q( ,
( P G( MC SK( = * a:"(g 1K ; AC 'H 7 = 5 H K4+K HMSK"<K 8 H E J(D V(G(
.MC SK;( = 0K C } ( 4= BC J(D MC K$ ( 0K P 0(U .V D( ( $
= K G= &C SK1"(k*K C .M( SK1"(A&C ! U; SL-E*CD
.V
%( O( E P G(
= L M N( H 0(T 8
( B DC ;L ) G( a #
T U(N
5=&C G .P 0(E$
K P G(
5=&C E5N( SLC%
.:H "(< H S= 0 _
K C< := L C >K B "DC H SK$T( gS$ * C .H S;L 1= G H S= 0 _
K = R( := 2L C _
a = R( C b %C 5 p( ( g qC C%
UMN( .V
(G( = GK := gK K )C &C MC C G ۖ n 0C h
(zC J(D UMN( ۗ _
K C1 :K gK C > BCDC .V
G( O( 5 SKW
= BCDC gK-C 1 DC
.:K "(
E FK 0(F1 S K C h
ET4
! U; SL-E*CD .V
a G( &C qb SK4 := 2L C J5N( .MC SL-E* C&C ¦ b SL := gK SK>&C := K C qC C% z N( .V ;( = K ¦H SL K S= %C
= TUC
P G( 2 MC MC SK*B *&C .V ( C1 _4 ;C < UN( ( = &C M N( ۖ H = &C P= G( !( "= ;C < := 2L LBC= &C G .M( SK1"(A&C
.MC KO< a S= %C := K5=&C ' T ۚ =:2L ( += &C P= G( := 2L T4 := 2L C ;C > G MC K4C * V( C1
.V
( 7
= K P G( EP5SL2C ¦
L SL 0 !( = * := C P= i(C SLC%
.MC SL; 1= 0 EG( J(;g= &C J(,5 _4 .V
(C- P G( := 2L ;( 1 ( J5N( qC C%
Q $DC ۖ xkC G := ( "= ;C < 5= kC G= &C .P 0(> 5= EGO E:L .P 0(T( J(D x+SK,< UN( .V 1( = &C !K ;C g= &C pK "= E,DC
.:K "(
E FK 0(F1 S K C h ET4 UMN( .V (G( = GK := gK K )C &C MC C G ۖ n 0C h
(zC J(D UMN( .P 0(4C = K K kC G
! U; SL-E*CD .V
a G( &C qb SK4 := 2L C J5N( .MC SL-E* C&C I a "= 1 RK := K C qC C% z N( .V ;( = K ( 2C 0=BC _K W = &C _
UC
SK5SL2* C 3 'C "= 2C SLD= &C .V ( C1 _4 ;C < UN( ( = &C M N( ۖ H = &C P= G( !( "= ;C < := 2L LBC= &C G .M( SK1"(A&C
}( 4= BC J(D =S)C1= * C := gK Q "R= &C ~
E SK$7 = * C .:( "(-$ = K ~ ( Ck$ = -( (T SK5+( .P 0($ (7= K P G(
.V
(EBC C U;(,
( := 2L -C ;C > (U SL-E* .P 0($ ( GK
(1) Thamud are famous for their homes carved into rocks. They are still available near U’la, Saudi Arabia.
(2) The nation of the Prophet Lot $ 3S; !";< is famous for their homosexuality.
(3) The nation of Prophet Shu’aib $ 3S; !";< is famous for their dishonesty in business deals.
Generations C U;(,
( Those who lag behind P 0(T( Juicy :a "(g
"= ;C <
-( = BCDC .V
T(z( C2 P ( C h
L 5 M N( ;L ) G( a #
T UN( 5=&C G .P 0(E$ K P G( 5=&C E5N( SLC%
.V
%( O( E P G(
= L M N( ( E$ P G( n$ (
J(D UMN( .:H "(< H S= 0 _
C< MC C !K E5N( ۚ ( U; ( S= 0 _
K C< := gK C > BCDC pK SKTU2C DC .MC SL; 1= * T( :K ;C <= &C JT4 qC C%
.:K "(
E FK 0(F1 S K C h ET4 UMN( .V (G( = GK := gK K )C &C MC C G ۖ n 0C h
(zC
J(T< MH $;( T( .P 0(4( = K P G( MC SL2( h (; %C ;C < .V K G( BC
K !( T( qC F 5 .V ( C1 _4 'L 0(F= C !K E5N(
;C < pK EF5 S= C C'"( = N( J(T y ;C <K !K ;C 1= 0 M &C n 0 := K C P= 2L 0 := C &C .V
(EBC ( TK+K J(C !K E5N( .V
H (GK
C .V G( ( ,= K _ ( SL;%L J(D pK 2 ;C h (C C .V (G( = GK !( T( SK5C G := ( "= ;C < pK &C -C DC .V ( ,
<= BC /
( 1= T
.: "(BC _
C1 K 0 E
!( T( MC SKG( = 0K
M N( 0=&C DC &C CMSL;,( 1= $
= 0 T( C1 (DC &C CMKC = GK PK
= 5 ' g SLSL-"DC .MC K1K # = 0 C := gK n = T := K "*(B "DC
P= G( 2 ;C g= &C G .MC SK1E 0K SK5C G := K = < &C G .MC K< SK0 SK5C G := gK Q E:L V(( := gK 1= EG
G := K C J(= 0 G .V K A( "E# !( T( = CEF* G .V ( (C EL G z( .MC K4( = GK C UN( H 0= %C
.MC SLKF1= C 9( = E$ P( < := K E5N( .MC SK1"(k$ = 0
P( ( h
/
= ( >= .V T( % BC h
*# ( < 4= ( 5=&C .V T(U1 K P G( MC SL2DC > xCN( !( U; 9 G K = * C;DC
(U .:( "(
E F( 0(F1 C;< ' US * .MC SL; 1= * EG( ¥ (T J5N( ' -L DC S= < M ({DC .V (G( = K P G( h
1 E*
.:K "(;1 9K "(E$ S gK !K E5N( .P 0(( E$ J(D h ; -C * .K SL-* V
( 0
.MC SKTz( C := gK K )C &C 9 = E$ MC SL-; 0K .:H "(&C H UD&C 'L ;C < qL EF* KVA( "E# qL EF* P= G ;C < := 2L iL5&L ' g
UN( .MC SL;1 0 C G MC SLSL-0 := K E5&C CMSK"(0 OH 'L J(D := K E5&C * := C&C .MC K :K K 1K (E0 y 1 #
P 0(U :K ;C 1= " ۗ SK;( L G ( 1= T P= G( K 5= x)(C ! U; KC zC 8 ( (E SL;( < SKG P 0(U
.MC SK;( -C = 0 I
H ;C -C = GK E&C SK;C C
Worth Reading! What is Jealousy and what is its impact on human personality? Read
more: http://www.mubashirnazir.org/PD/English/PE02-0012-Jealousy.htm
They wander aimlessly MC SK"(0 Those who go astray MC K Separated MC SLKF1= G
!K E
Tz BCC = &C x0(R xT C< !K ET< BLC .V (( P G( MC C = &C 1 gK = K 4&C C J ( G qC C-DC "= Uk U-C *
2 {HT( {H P= G( h Ki ( !( T(
( *K := C T( K k
&C qC C-DC H "(1T "= C rC 2C DC .V H (GK MH Ck; $K T( J"*(B "C = &C
G S= %C *K= .:a "(< w a = < C H J= R 'L P= G( = "*(L& := K 2L ;( = * 3n &C G= 8
K = J5N( .V H -( 0
C := K DC '( "(E$ P( < := gK E DC := K C<= &C ML Ck"= E# :K K C 3 P E0+ !( U; M( KO P= G( d ( = E#;( MC K, K$ = 0
G MC SL7 = *K G :K ;C 1= 0 }
( 4= BC 8 ( E$ J(D Q I = 7 K ( 7 = 0K (U !( U;( K, K =$0 U&C .MC K= 0
.:( "(1 w( = 1 _4 S gK UN( ! CN( C !K U; .MC SK;( 1= *K
= L 5=CD := K = < UqS * E:L := ( "= CN( != -( BCDC Cg J(T2( T( I
= g z VT(z( C2 P G( = L = &C
% W
&C K L= qC C%
!( U; :( $ = T(” !K E5N( MC "= ;C K P= G( !K E5N( .¤a ( C _ a ( EJCN( J -( &L J5N( BL;C 0&C 0
= CC% 4 CMSK1( = 0 CzG
“.5 V ( ;( $
= GK J(5SK*& EJ;C < SL;1= * U&C .:( "(
E P(
= E
3H ES%L SLL& PK = 5 SLC% .M( K # = * E
xG= &C n 1 A( C% K = L G (G= &C J(D J(5SKD &C BL;C 0&C 0 = CC%
gK$ D &C n 0= %C SL;> O CzN( SL;K UMN( = CC% .P 0(GK B * CzG (L 5=CD h ( "= CN( K G= BC H 0(R H~B T SLL&
.MC SL; = K 9K ( = 0 : T( 3b ( DC H E0( T( := ( "= CN( b ;C ( =GK J5N( .MC SL;1 0 h
(C C ۖ n Uz( &C ;( g= &C 3C EF<( &C SL;1
.MC SK
* := 2L (E0( T( := K5=&C ' T := L * EG( a "= > !K U; J (5* DC 6 qH T( P( 5( *K&C qC C% MC "= ;C K Q EC;DC
.MC K( W := gK n Uz( &C = G( := K E ( 7= KC T( := K C 'C %( C OH SK,
K T( := K E"*(B ;C DC := ( "= CN( 9= ( 4=
h "(* 5&C P, ( P G( 7 a 0( <( qC C% .V ( ;( $
= GK J(5SK*B 0 M &C 'C = %C R( = 1 T( J("(*B 0 := 2L 0&C BL;C 0C& 0 qC C%
!( T( h "(* 5&C _ ( 2( P G( :a ; <( pK = <( (U qC C% .V a G( &C ¡S( -C C !( "= ;C < J5N( ۖ h G( C-G P= G( SL-* M &C 'C = %C !( T(
K L &C = &C K 2L R= &C&C J(5S ;L = "( JT4 '(
= DC P= G( Cg qC C% pK = <( -( $
= GK pK 4 E;C DC ۚ h DL = AC h "= CN( E*= 0 M &C 'C = %C
.¤a ( C ¡J(C JT4 UM{(DC C C P= G ۖ !( $ ( ( K 2L #
= 0 E5{(DC 2C R P= G ۖ
(1) Use of birds for delivering message was common at ancient times. (2) This is a beautiful example of rhyme
without forced affectation. Sheba was a country consisting of modern Yemen & Southern Saudi Arabia while the
Prophet Solomon $ 3S; !";< used to govern at Palestine. The nations surrounding him subdued to him. (3) It is a
t1G ;K i.e. from :"1 w1 ... :v P0+. (4) Unnecessary details of the story are omitted here to avoid boredom
and focus on the lesson. (5) The word “Muslim” is used in its literal sense i.e. obedient, subservient. (6) This
question is to express disapproval. (7) 0< stands for very strong, powerful and sly person.
C2C g &C 'C "(% 1 8 = Q E;C DC .MC K= 0 C P 0(U P G( ML SL2* = &C (= *&C = L = 5 R = < C K25 qC C%
M( KO P= G( K K1= * = 5C G gEW .V ( ;( $= GK EL ;( = %C P= G( : ; 1( "(*L& ۚ S gK !K E5BCC = CC% ۖ h( RK = <
P= < = C # C n E,L !K = $
(
!K *=&C4 E;C DC ۖ
= E J(;>K O= C 'C "(% .P 0(D( C H S= %C P= G( = 5C E5N( ۖ !( U;
!( U;( MC "= ;C K 9 G
K = ;C = &C J($ 5 K = ;C C J5N( _4 = CC% ۗ 0(4 S%C P= G( Oa E GK a = W
!K E5N( qC C% ۚ "= %C
2 .V
( C1 _4
: ( ( S= %C 0 qC C% .MC SK( 7 = 0 M( C-0(DC := gK Cz{(DC ! U; KK<= M( &C x(W := gK >&C O SKC CN( ; 4= &C = -C C
P= T( h T( 5= E"UA SLC% .MC SK
= *K := 2L U;1 C ! U; MC K( = $ = * CS= C ۖ ( $
'C = %C ( iC"E$(T MC SL;, ( 1= $ = *
J(D MC K$ ( 0K
H g= 4 L 1 $= *( ( 0( J(D CMC .MC SK *K a S= %C := K5=&C ' T ۖ !( U; = <( := L K (CA qC C% ۚ h 1 G
E5N( !( ;( g= &C h
;( = G 5= ( R G !( "(S ( EPCSL-C E:L !K ;C g= &C !K E"KC !( U;(T SK C-* SLC% .MC SK;( = 0K C } ( 4= BC
E5&C := g( ( 2 G L %( < MC C ? "= C = L 5=CD .MC K1K # = 0 C := gK x2 G 5= 2C G x2 G K2C G .MC SL%O( C
.MC SK;C 1= 0 H S= -C ( n 0C h (zC J(D UMN( ۗ SK;C C T( n 0( > := K *KSK"TK 3 h ; (DC .V 1( = &C := K G S= %C := gK 5= EGO
.MC SL-E0 SK5C SKG P 0(U "= , 5=&C
M( KO P= G( 3n S = R qC MC SK*B C 4 := 2L E(&C CMK( = *K := K5=&C C #
( C MC SK*B *&C !( G( S= -C ( qC C% z N( nASL
ۖ := 2L (0= %C P= G( ¦
H SL qC SK( >= &C SLC% M &C UN( !( G( S= %C _ S MC C DC .MC SL; , = * a S= %C := K5=&C ' T ۚ ($
Q $DC ۖ xkC G := ( "= ;C < 5= kC G= &C .P 0(T( P G( g54= E%C !K *&C G= UN( !K ;C g= &C pK "= ,
5=BCDC .MC KEkC 0 ~ a 5&L := K E5N(
.P 0(4C = K K kC G
(1) As mentioned above, it is the Quranic style to omit unnecessary details to keep focus on the lesson of the story.
(2) It is style in the classic Arabic to not describe anything which the audience can understand clearly. Otherwise the
audience may consider it a ridicule to their level of intelligence. Therefore, the lesson is left for the audience. When
the Queen of Sheba saw the abundance of wealth and the progress of sciences and arts with the Prophet Solomon !";<
$ 3S; along with his devotion to God, she was impressed so much that she left worshipping the sun and
believed in One God. The incident is also described in the Bible, the Book of Kings. The lesson of all the stories
mentioned in this Surah is described at the end. (3) “h;*” indicates the proximity of Thamud’s homes to the Arabs.
(4) The question is asked to describe
disapproval and hatred for homosexuality.
Adorned by Oa E GK Make it confused
for her
C K25
Group, family, tribe
H g= 4 Glasses 0(4 S%C Palace
= E
We’ll attack definitely at night !K E"KC We consider you a
sign of bad luck
h
T( 5= E"UA Pool of water n E,L
1 CMSL( #
= 0K EG&C a "= > !K U; ۗ C kC W
= P 0(U p( O( <( ;C < a C; !( U;( K =
'( %L
MC C G H ,
= T 8
Cz (
!( T( = 5=BCDC G ( E$ P G( := 2L C qC F 5=&C } 4= BC 8 ( E$ ;C > P= EG&C
2 .M C SL( 1= 0 a S= %C := gK ' T ۚ (!U; 9 G !a CN(&C ۗ g ,
R SK(= *K M &C := 2L C
!a CN(&C ۗ xF(
P( 0=
= P "= T 'C 1 J ( 4 C 'C 1 x45=&C CC;>( 'C 1 x4 %C } 4= BC C'1 P= EG&C
2 .M C SK;C 1= 0 C := gK K )C &C ' T ۚ (!U; 9 G
G n;"(;%C ۚ (!U; 9 G !a CN(&C ۗ }
( 4= BC Q C;C >K := 2L ;L 1 ,
= 0 Q S$ ?
K #
( 2 0 pK <O CzN( EkC
= K I
K "(,0K P= EG&C
.MC KUC *
ۚ (!U; 9 G !a CN(&C ۗ !( (
= 4
= 0 P "= T x#
= TK
0 'L ( = 0K P= G (
= 8
( ;L L J(D := 2L 0(= 0 P= EG&C
2 .MC SL( #= 0K E< !K U; C1*
M N( := 2L 5g= TK SK*g ' %L ۚ (!U; 9 G !a CN(&C ۗ }
( 4= BC ( E$ P G( := 2L %L +K = 0 P= G pK K "(10K E:L ; 7
&L= 0 P= EG&C
.V %( O( W := K= L
4 EO '( T .MC SL)1 = 0K MC E0&C MC K1K #
= 0 G ۚ !K U; UN( I
"= }
( 4= BC 8( E$ J(D P= G :K ;C 1= 0 C ' %L
.MC SK< = G( := gK ' T ۖ = G( hR J(D := gK ' T ۚ 3( >( J(D := K K ; <(
M N( 'L = %C P= G( 5£K T PK = 5 Cg 5= <( K = -C C CMSK =7K C E(&C 5£K T xT *K EL CzN(&C KC C P 0(U qC C%
M F
= * C .V G( ( ,= K L %( < MC C ? "= C KL 5=CD }( 4= BC J(D K( ' %L .V (EBC
K A( &C UN( Cg
.MC K2L = 0 EG( H "= t
J(D P= 2L * C := ( "= ;C <
(U / K 1= T := 2L C
O( 4 MC SL20 M &C $ < ' %L V%( O( W := K= L M N( K <= S Cg G MC SLSL-0
P2( *K G :K ;C 1= "C h
ET4 UMN( .MC K2L #= 0 C := gK )C &C EP2( C ~
( E C;< 'H
= DC LC h ET4 UMN( .MC SL;, ( 1= $
= *
.V H (GK _
H ( J(D UN( } ( 4= BC ( E$ J(D H (C P= G( G .MC SK;( 1= 0K G := gK 4K KW K
(1) This small question “Whether Allah is better or their false gods?” is related to each question starting from P
= EG&C.
This verse is the connection between the verses before and after it. (2) Change of direction of communication depicts
condemnation of pagans and expresses regret on their condition.
Worth Reading! Developing trust is very important. How and why? Read
more: http://www.mubashirnazir.org/PD/English/PE03-0012-Trust.htm
h
E5N( SKG !K C qC C% ۚ !K >K ( = $ = 0 d ( G= BC(T pK = = (U Cz{(DC I K U% 0 n(> ( 0( J(D ` W
= BCDC
C J(;C K- * M &C K 0(*K&C SKG 0 qC C% K C ¡K < S gK (U(T u k( = 0 M &C O 4&C M&C E;C DC .V a (GK ¡S( C
.V ( ;( = K P G( MC SL2* M &C K 0(*K G } ( 4= BC J(D x4E MC SL2* M &C UN( K 0(*K M N( ۖ d ( G= BC(T x$ 5
; %C
h
C J5N( = K >= CD SL;K- "( h T( MC K( *B 0 BC;C UMN( SKG 0 qC C% 1 $ = 0 ( 0( % &C P= G( 'b K 4 Q
.V ( (U ( S= -C P G( J(,5 _4 qC C% ۖ I K U% 0 n(> = G( 7
DC .V (W ( E P G(
!( "= ;C < P 0= G Q G O 4 EC .'( "(E$ Q S J(0( = 0 M &C JT4 $ < qC C% P 0= G Q C-; *( ! ES* EC
E
J(-$ = 5 C CC% ۖ 1 2L Kk > G qC C% ۖ M( OL* P( "= *&C G= :K ( 5(KO P= G( MC SL-$= 0 ~ ( E P G( n EG&L
P= G( EJCN( F 5=&C ( J5N( _4 qC C-DC ' CN( US * E:L K C -C $ DC .
a (C a "= R 5SKT&C ۖ y < 4 ( = 0K
"= -C G = &C h 0F( ,= "( SK<= 0 J(T&C UMN( = CC% 2 H "
= (= C;< J(#= * gK
= N( !K *=Q ,CD . a -( DC H "= >
.V
( (U ( S= -C P G( 8 S= ,
5 ۖ ?
= 7 * C qC C% ¬ -C !( "= ;C < E¬%C pK Q E;C DC ۚ C
h 2( 5=&L M &C K 0(4&L J5N( qC C% .V K G( BC S( -C 8 = B = P( G "= > UMN( ۖ pK = ( B =
( T&C 0 gK
= N( = CC%
M &C K 0(4&L G ۖ ( = <( P= ( DC x# = < = *=&C M {(DC ۖ ®H,
( J 5(C J(5 K B * M &C ;C < P( "= *g EJT=
= N(
C;DC
K "= %C P( "= ;C BC E0&C ۖ h
"= T J("= T h
(zC qC C% .V ( (E P G( !K U; Q R M N( J(5K , ( ۚ h "= ;C < ERK &C
.'b "( qL SL-5 G ;C < !K U; ۖ EJ;C < MC = <K
K $
= 5 J5N( SL)2L G= !( ;( g= BC( qC C% x45 4( Sk I ( 5( P= G( d 5 !( ;( g= BCT( 4 'C BC SKG %C E;C DC
.MC SL;kC = * := 2L U;1 C 4( E P G( 3H = &C H 7
T( = G( := 2L "(* J;1 C x45
(1) This phrase is used to ask some important matter i.e. What is your matter? What is your trouble? (2) The Quran
indicates the modesty of these women. Details of such modesty are described in Surat-ul-Noor.
Worth Reading: What is glamour and what is its impact on human personality?
Read more: http://www.mubashirnazir.org/PD/English/PE02-0011-Glamor.htm
Shepherds, plural of J< 4 y < They consult each other MC K( *B 0 He expects (a danger) I
K U% 0
Firebrand 3H Both of them drive
away
M( OL* He cried for help
K ( = $
= 0
!K U; 5&C J5N( SKG 0 M &C 3( , E# P G( ( C 4 K ( 1 - K J(D P( 0=BC O( S ( A( R P= G( O( SK5 g*&C E;C DC
' (% &C SKG 0 ۚ I = -1 0K := C xT(= GK U M§ E5BCC F= * g4 E;C DC ۖ < ( &C M &C .V ( C1 _4
h "= CN( := K t
= H SK ( "= C P= G( Q "= T = K 7= * h ("= J(D 0 h = ;L = .V (G( P G( h
E5N( ۖ ?= 7 * C
.V
-( ( CD xGS= %C SK5C := K E5N( ۚ !( i(;C G MC S= < = D( CN( h
T4 P= G( M( 5g= TK h 5( CDC ۖ I( g= E P G( h
!K ; ( 4= BCDC x5$( JG( `K D &C S gK ML K4g J(>&C .M( SL;K- 0 M &C
K >BCDC x$ 5 := K = G( K ; %C J5N( _4 qC C%
x5Ck; K 2L C 'L 1 ,= 5 1 h "(>BCT( K < #
K qC C% .M( SKT2C 0K M &C
K >&C J5N( ۖ J(%L 0K O= 4( J 1( G
.MC SK( 2L 1 E* P( G K5=&C *(0(T ۚ 2L "= CN( MC SL;( 0 C;DC
.V
(EBC (T J(D C T( 1= ( G x GK a = ( UN( Cg G SLC% 8 H "T *(0(T SKG := gK Q E;C DC
`
K ;( 0K C !K E5N( ۖ 4( E L %( < !K C ML SL2* P= G p( ( = <( P= G( K (T Q P= T( :K ;C <= &C JT4 SKG qC C%
V
( k C;< ML Gg 0 J( = %( = BCDC ("= C !H CN( P= G( := 2L C K = ;( < G BL;C 0&C 0 ML S= < = D( qC C% .MC SK(U
.V
T(z( C2 P G( !K L BCC J5N( SKG !( CN( CN( 9K ;( UA&C J;1 C x
= W J( ' 1 = CD
pK O SKK pK 5 > BCDC .MC SK1 = 0K C "= CN( := K E5&C SC ( "= T( } ( 4= BC J(D pK OK SKK S gK 2 =
S= 0 ۖ 4( E CN( MC SK<= 0 n E(&C := gK ; 1 .V ( (U L %( < MC C ? "= C = L 5=CD ۖ :" J(D := gK 5 DC
.V
( SK- P G( := gK ( G "-( S= 0 ۖ n 1= C "5= p( ( g J(D := gK 1= *=&C .MC K = 0K C ( G "-(
:= K U;1 C n
= 4 xgK ~ ( E;( ( T CLB MC K-L 2 ;C g= &C G ( 1= T P= G( _ 2( SKG "= * = -C C
E2( C .P 0(g( E# P G( = L G G= BC SKG CN( "= %C z N( JT(= I
( 5(,T( 2 = L G .MC KUC 0
EL E2( C *(0 := ( "= ;C < SL;= * P 0= G '( g= &C J(D x0( C = L G ۚ K K 1K :K ( "= ;C < qC CkDC x5K%L 5B # =5&C
H 0(5 P= G( := gK *&C G xGS= %C 4 ( = K( h T4 P= G( n
= 4 P= 2( C 0=O 5 z N( 4( Sk I( 5(,T( = L G .V ;( ( = GK
.MC KUC 0 := K U;1 C h
;( = %C P= G(
(1) It is a proverb for providing support: “I’ll strengthen your arm by your brother”. (2) From description, the
communication has been suddenly directed towards the Prophet :; !";< ^ ;W. It is called 8 .
It became arrogant 8
= k( T It is attracted towards !( "= CN( ,
= 0K We are snatched away ?
= Uk7
5K
!K E5N( ML K4C% J *(L& G 'C ) G( C "= C 0 "5= 3C " MC K0(0K P 0(U qC C% ۖ !( (0(+ J(D 1 !( G( S= %C ;C < 7
DC
C x(W 'C ( < P G P= ( a "= > !( U; _ K SC := 2L ;C 0= : ; 1( SK*L& P 0(U qC C% .:H "(< ¯°
LC
G !( U; M( KO P= G( !K 5KK = 0 H iCD( P= G( !K C MC C DC } 4= BC p( 4( T( !( T( $
7 DC .MC KT(E UN( 2 gU-;C 0K
P= ( @ +=
L$ K = 0 ! U; UMBC2C 0= MC SLSL-0 d ( G= BC(T !K 5C2G =SE * P 0(U ` W = &C .P 0(( = K P G( MC C
.MC KD( C2 ` K ;( 0K C !K E5BC2C 0= ۖ T( ?
$ 7 C "= ;C < !K U; EPG M &C CS= C ۖ 3 4K ( - 0 p( O( <( P= G( y #0
Q P= G .V -( EK ; ( L %( 1 ۚ xO$DC C }
( 4= BC J(D S;L <K MC K0(0K C P 0(U;( ;L 1 ,
= 5 3L >( 4K E h ; *(
.MC SL; 1= 0 SK5C G UN( 8 ( Ci"E$ SL;( < P 0(U F, = 0K C;DC ( iC"E$(T Q P= G ۖ = G( a "= > !K ;C DC ( $
(T
qH ;C t
J(D S gK P= G K (T Q P= G :K ;C <= C& JT4 ' %L ۚ OH 1G CN( O C MC =-L h "= ;C < } DC (U UMN(
C .P 0(D( C2; ( x( C EP5SL2* C;DC ۖ h T4 P= G( n
= 4 UN( _ K 2( h "= CN( -C ; 0K M &C SK= * = L G .V H (GK
K = * C .V ( ( #= K P G( EP5SL2* C ۖ h T4 CN( K O= ۖ h
"= CN(
= CF( 5=&L z N( 1= T !( U; 8
( 0 P= < h E5K 0
.MC SK1 = *K !( "= CN( :K 2
K !K C ۚ !K = UN( h
a (g H J= R ' L ۚ S gK UN( ! CN( C ۘ > xCN( !( U; 9 G
(1) Korah came with his slaves and servants to demonstrate his wealth. Similar examples are common in our leaders.
(2) The pronoun g is directed towards the admonition and wisdom.
(3) Words #0 Pf are omitted here due their perceptibility.
Worth Reading
Allah has demonstrated the accountability of the
Hereafter in the world. Why & How?
http://www.mubashirnazir.org/PN/R0002-
Evidence.htm
Dear Reader!
Build Your Personality
In all languages, parables are used to describe
abstract ideas. The parable !"(#* is comparison of
Take care of your spouse. All relatives will
leave you but your spouse will spend his /
something with another thing based on some
her life till death.
common ground.
For example, "( ± d ( = E# 5& (You are like the sun in the light). Here the person is compared with the
sun. The reason may be that his face is shining or he may be spreading the light of knowledge. Similarly in
( < ,#
K ± ( j S gK (He is like the lion in bravery), the person is compared with a lion due to his bravery.
There are four components of a !"#*.
• E#
GK : The person or thing that is compared with something else. In above examples, S gK 5& are the E#
GK .
Sometimes, the E# GK is not expressed in words because it is understood. For example, if it is asked ? "
J;< (How is Ali?), the answer will be ( < ,#K ± ( j (Like the lion in bravery). Since the answerer
knows that Ali is under discussion, so it is not required to mention his name.
GK : The person or thing with whom E#
• !(T E# GK is compared. In above examples, j d# are the E#
GK
!T.
• !=#
( !K : The common attribute due to which E#
GK is being compared to !T E# GK . In above examples,
<,# " are the !# !. If the common attribute is obvious, it is usually not described in words.
It is understood in the sentence. For example, ( j a 0+ (Zaid is like a lion). The common attribute is
obvious, so it is not described.
• !"# 3 O&: The word used to describe a comparison. In English, we use the word “like” for it. In above
examples, is the !"# 3 O&. UMB is also used for this purpose. It is also deleted sometimes.
It is important to describe a principle at this point. In modern languages, each and every concept or thing is
described in words. If something is not described in words, the language lacks clarity and it is not considered
a e";T `" D communication.
At the time of revelation of the Quran, the principle was reverse. Describing obvious things in words was
considered a weakness in communication. If someone was describing obvious things in words, he was
supposed to be considering his audience unintelligent. Due to this reason, describing obvious things in words
was considered an embarrassing situation for the audience. As a result, the communication used to become
ineffective.
In the classical language of the Quran, we find at a lot of places that obvious things not described in words
but they are implied in the text. You’ve seen various examples in the last lesson.
Test Yourself
Translate the following passages of the Quran and identify the four parts of !"#* as provided in the
example. Read the context of these verses, if something is not clear.
!#G
!T !#G
OH $DC = &C d
H 5 ( "= T( n$5 'C %C P= G
~
E 'C %C E5BC2C DC } ( 4= jQ J(D
!# !
(5:32) .n1"(
!"# 3 O&
!#G
!T !#G .b U;L !K E5BCC := K %C S= DC 'C ,
- 5 z N(Q
!# ! (7:171)
!"# 3 O&
!"# 3 O&
!#G
'L )CG } ( 4= jQ 8 ( S E$ 4K SK5 !K U;
!T !#G
a = G( "(D 3H C2#
= ( C p( 4( SK5
!# ! L F H +K J(D K = (
(24:35) .¡4OK I a C S= C E5BCC
!"# 3 O&
!#G
!T !#G .V
a <(
( = Uk 8
K W ( C% := gK = <(
!# ! (37:49) .M b SK2 G /
a "= T EPK E5BCC
!"# 3 O&
Worth Reading
What is the significance of Character in building a nation? Read more:
http://www.mubashirnazir.org/PD/English/PE03-0001-Character.htm
Typhoon, cyclone, flood ML CDSk He’ll definitely test EP ;C 1= "C He strived hard g
P= G( MC KK1= * E5N( .MC SK;C 1= * := K= L M N( := 2L C a "= > := 2L (zC ۖ pK SL-E* ! U; KK<= !( G( S= -C ( qC C% z N( : "(g T=N(
= <( SKT=CD n%+= 4( := 2L C MC SL2;( = 0 C !( U; M( KO P= G( MC KK1= * P 0(U UMN( ۚ n2D N( MC SL-;L 7 = * x5C= &C !( U; M( KO
C;< G ۖ := 2L ;( = %C P= G( :a G &L _
UC = -C DC SKT2C *K M N( .MC SK1 = *K !( "= CN( ۖ !K C K2L R= pK KK<= @ += !( U;
.VK (K ² L C; UN( q( SKE
}
( 4= BC J(D K( ' %L . a$ ( 0 !( U; C;< h (zC UMN( ۚ pK K "(10K E:L ; 7 !K U; ³ K ( = 0K ?
"= C = 0 1 := C &C
P= G _ K 1 0K .a 0(%C H J= R 'L ;C < ! U; UMN( ۚ 3C >( 3C BC# = E L # ( = 0K !K U; E:L ۚ ; 7 &C T ?
"= C KL 5=CD
P= G( := 2L C G ۖ ( E$ J(D C } ( 4= BC J(D P 0(F, ( 1= K T( := K5=&C G .MC SK;C - *K !( "= CN( ۖ y #0 P= G :K
= 0 y #0
h i(CL& J(
= 4 P= G( SK$i(0 h i(CL& !( (C-( !( U; 8
( 0(T KC C P 0(U . H ( 5 C J( P= G( !( U; M( KO
.:a "(&C _
a C< := K C
H S= -C ( 8
H 0C h (zC J(D UMN( ۚ 4( E P G( !K U; pK ,5=BCDC pK SL%
= &C pK SL;K% SLC% M &C UN( !( G( S= %C _ S MC C DC
K L 2 0 ( G "-( S= 0 E:L ۖ "5= 3( "
J(D := 2L ("= T 3C EOS G x5C= &C !( U; M( KO P= G( := *K 7 E* E5N( qC C% .MC SKG( = 0K
qC C% ۘ ¦ b SL !K C P G CD .P 0(W ( 5 P= G( := 2L C G 4K E :K L B G x1= T := 2L K 1= T PK 1 ; 0 /
H 1= T( := 2L K 1= T
3C ESK !( (E04zL J(D ; 1 _ SL-1= 0 @ = N( !K C = g .:K "(2 FK 0(F1 S gK !K E5N( ۖ JT4 CN( a ( GK J5N(
.V( (E P ( C 3( >( J(D !K E5N( ۖ "5= J(D pK = &C pK "= * _ 2(
MC SK*B C := 2L E(&C .V
( C1 P G( H
&C P= G( T( := 2L -C G C #
( C MC SK*B C := 2L E5N( !( G( S= -C ( qC C% z N( nASL
( SLC% M &C UN( !( G( S= %C _
S MC C DC ۖ 2C = K :K 2L 0(O5 J(D MC SK*B * 'C "(E$ MC SK1kC - * qC
.P 0($
( K ( S= -C C;< J(5= K 5= _4 qC C% .V %( O( E P G( = L M N( !( U; _ ( C1 T(
.V
( (C SK5C ;C g= &C UMN( ۖ ( 0= -C p( ( g '( g= &C SL2;( = GK E5N( SLC% # = K(T : "(g T=N( ;L K 4K 8
= Q EC
.P 0(T( P G(
= 5C !K *&C G= UN( !K ;C g= &C !K E",KC ۖ "(D P= T( :K ;C <= &C PK
= 5 SLC% ۚ nASL "(D UMN( qC C%
(1) It is a long t1G ;K from :"& _ < ... = 0 := C &C. Between the words of Prophet Abraham $ 3S; !";<,
Allah has added His comments. This is called V*. This term is used for the added words of a speaker while
describing words of someone else.
E5N( ۖ M F
= * C ?
= 7 * C SLC% 2 x<4= zC := ( T( @ t := ( T( Q J( nASL ;L K 4K 8 = Q 1 M &C EC
( E$ P G( xF= 4( ( 0= -C p( ( g '( g= &C ;C < MC SLF( = GK E5N( .P 0( T( P G( = 5C h *&C G= UN( h
;C g= &C S,GK
.MC SL;-( 1= 0 H S= -C ( n "T n 0 = G( * = -C C .MC SL-$K 0 SK5C T(
}( 4= BC J(D =S)C1= * C >( S= " SK 4= ! U; KK<= ( S= %C 0 qC C-DC x"= 1 RK := gK >&C 3 P 0= G CN(
:= 2L C P E"* = %C O SKC 3 xO< .V ( ( := g( 4( O J(D SKW = BCDC L C = E :K K *=C > BCDC pK SKTU2C DC .P 0($ ( GK
MC K4C% .P 0(( = $ = GK SK5C '( "(E$ P( < := gK E DC := K C<= &C ML Ck"= E# :K K C P E0+ ۖ := ( (( $G P= G(
¢;2L DC .V -( T( SK5C G } ( 4= BC J(D K2 = CD 8 ( "(T SKG := gK Q = -C C ۖ MC Gg MC S= < = D(
!( T( $
> P= G := K = G( L "= E !K *=C > &C P= G := K = G( xW (
!( "= ;C < ; 4= &C P= G := K = ( DC ۖ !( (5=C T( 5 > &C
.MC SK;( 0 := K $
L 5=&C SK5C P= 2( C := K ;( "( !K U; MC C G ۚ % &C P= G := K = G( }
4= BC
K "= C 8
( SK"K P g = &C UMN( ۖ x"= T 8= C 7 E* 8( SK2C = 1 '( )C C Q "(= &C !( U; M( KO P= G( L7 E* P 0(U 'L )CG
.:K "(2 FK 0(F1 S gK ۚ H J= R P= G( !( 5(KO P= G( MC SK<= 0 G :K ;C 1= 0 ! U; UMN( .MC SK;C 1= 0 SK5C S= C ۖ 8 ( SK2C = 1
UMN( ۚ (T } 4= BC 8 ( E$ !K U; ;C > .MC SK(1 UN( ;L -( 1= 0 G ۖ ~ ( E;( TK( = 5 qL C)G= BC h ; *(
P( < = * 3C C;E UMN( ۖ 3C C;E :( %( &C _ ( 2( P G( h "= CN( J
( L& G 'L *= .V (G( = K ; ( n 0C h
(zC J(D
.MC SK1= * G :K ;C 1= 0 !K U; ۗ K &C !( U; K ( C ۗ ( 2C = K ( #= C
qC F( 5=&L (U(T EG SLSL% ۖ := K = G( SK;C C P 0(U UN( PK $
= &C J g( J(U(T UN( _ ( 2( 'C g= &C SLO( ,*K C
P 0(UCD ۚ _
2( h "= CN( F 5=&C h
(C C .MC SK;( $= GK !K C PK = 5 a
( := 2L K CN( K CN( := 2L "= CN( qC F( 5=L& "= CN(
= L G .MC KD( C2 UN( *(0(T K , = 0 G ۚ !( T( PK G( = 0K P= G ( CK g P= G( ۖ !( T( MC SKG( = 0K _
2( :K gK "= *
4( KW K J(D 8 a "T 8
a 0 S gK ' T .MC SL;k( = K _ *4= C nzN( ۖ h ("("T( !K k 7 K * C _ H ( P= G( !( ;( = %C =PG( SL;= *
.MC SK(U UN( *(0(T K , = 0 G ۚ : ; 1( SK*L& P 0(U
(1) If the word M
& comes between EC and a verb after it, it gives the sense of a reason. It means: “Lot felt bad and
tired because our messengers came to him”. His feeling was due to the reason that the angels were in form of
attractive young boys. Prophet Lot $ 3S; !";< worried that homosexuals will force him to handover these boys to
them. If he does not allow them to enter his home, they may become victim of the homosexuals. (2) It means that
“he became tired due to it”. (3) Relative verbs are omitted due to its perceptibility.
He doubts _
*4= C Wind throwing stones xW
(
Earthquake L C = E
E5&C := ( ( 2 0 := C &C .V
a (GK a 0(5 5&C E5N( !( U; = <( 8
K 0 E5N( ' %L ۖ !( T4 P= G( 8
a 0 !( "= ;C < qC F( 5=&L CS= C SLC%
J("= T !( U;(T C C ' %L .MC SKG( = 0K H S= -C ( z( n
= C h
(zC J(D UMN( ۚ := ( "= ;C < ;C = 0K _
2( h "= ;C < F 5=C&
:K gK h i(CL& !( U;(T KC C '( A( (T SKG P 0(U ۗ } ( 4= BC 8 ( E$ J(D G :K ;C 1= 0 ۖ x"(R := 2L "= T
.MC K( 7
.MC K1K #
= 0 C := gK n = T := K E"*(B "C _
K C1 :K gK Q ,C $ GK 'b C& CS= C ۚ _ ( C1 (T h
5SL;,
( 1= $= 0
( = * P= G( := ( %( S= DC P= G( _
K C1 :K gK #= 0 S= 0 .P 0(D( C2(T b kC "(K C : E UMN( _ ( C1 (T h
5SL;,
( 1= $ = 0
.MC SL; 1= * := K= L G SL%Lz qL SL-0 := ( ;( K 4= &C
"= CN( E:L ۖ 8( S= L -C ( Cz d H 5 ' L .M( KK<= CD E0{(DC 1 b 1 ( J(t4= &C UMN( SKG P 0(U O( <( 0
4K 5=BC ( = * P= G( (, = * nD L ( E,
P G( := K ECSKC 8( (E SL;( < SKG P0(U .MC SK1 = *K
'L ( = * C H ET O P= G( P= 0BCC .MC SL;US 0 := ( T4 ;C < KW P 0(U .V ;( G( 1 K = &C : 1= 5( ۚ "(D P 0((>
.:K "(;1 9K "(E$ S gK ۚ := L E0N( %L +K = 0 !K U; %C += 4(
CMSL2DC = 0K E5BCDC ۖ !K U; EPLSL-"C -C d = E# E7 } 4= BC 8 ( E$ ;C > P= G := K CB P= i(C
qC EF5 P= G := K BC P= i(C .:a "(;< H J= R '2L T( ! U; UMN( ۚ !K C 4K ( - 0 p( O( <( P= G( y #0 P= ( @ +=
L K$= 0 !K U;
.MC SL;-( 1= 0 C := gK K )C &C ' T ۚ !( U;( K =
'( %L ۚ !K U; EPLSL-"C *(S= G ( 1= T P= G( } 4= BC !( T( "
= BCDC G (E$ P G(
.MC SK;C 1= 0 SK5C S= C ۚ ML S" J ( C 3C >( 4 E UMN( ۚ I a 1( C Sa = C UN( "5= 3L "
p( ( g G
.MC SL( # = 0K := gK CzN( CN( := gK E,5 E;C CD P 0 !K C V ( ;( 7 = GK ! U; KS< O h ( ; L J(D SK(4 Cz{(DC
~K E ? K Uk7 0K xG( xG
; 1 E5&C = 0 := C &C .MC SK;C 1= 0
Do you know?
In start of seventh century, there was a great chain of wars between the two super powers of that time i.e.
Roman & Persian Empires. At the time of revelation of this Surah, Persian forces invaded Rome and
captured the most part of present-day Turkey, Syria, Palestine and Egypt. The Pagans of Makkah
ridiculed the Muslims that our pagan brothers i.e. Magus have defeated your brothers i.e. the Christians
who are the People of Book. This Surah was revealed to comfort the Muslims with a prophecy that the
Romans will soon dominate the Persian empire. Within a few years, the Roman Emperor Hercules
gathered his armies and defeated the Persians.
He became extremely
despaired
d
K ;( = 0K They inhabited it gK < They exploited K4C&C
.MC SK 7
= *K h
(C C ۚ *(S= G 1= T }
4= BC J("
= 0K J
P G(
"
K ( 7
= 0K
( " P G( EJ
K ( 7
= 0K
.MC K#
( = * a #
T := K5=&C CzN( E:L _
H *K P= G( := 2L -C ;C > M &C !( *(0 P= G(
J(D UMN( ۚ n
= 4 3n EOS G := 2L "= T 'C 1 "= CN( SK2L $
= ( x += &C := 2L $
( L 5=&C P= G( := 2L C ;C > M &C !( *(0 P= G(
.MC KU2C 0 H S= -C ( 8
H 0C h
(zC
.V
( (1; ( 8
H 0C h
(zC J(D UMN( ۚ := 2L 5( S&C := 2L ($
( &C
K C;(>= }
( 4= BC 8
( E$ K ; > !( (*0 P= G(
.MC SK1 $
= 0 H S= -C ( 8
H 0C h
(zC J(D UMN( ۚ !( ;(
= DC P= G( := L £K (T= 4( E '( "= U;(T := 2L GK G !( (*0 P= G(
J(D UMN( ۚ *(S= G 1= T }
4= BC !( T( J("
= "KDC G ( E$ P G( qL F0K x1 AC nDS= > @ = :K 2L 0(0K !( *(0 P= G(
.MC SL;-( 1= 0 H S= -C ( 8
H 0C h
(zC
.MC SKK 7
= * := K5=&C CzN( }
( 4= BC P G( 3n S <= O := L <O CzN( E:L ۚ p( ( G= BCT( }
K 4= BC y E$ SL-* M &C !( *(0 P= G(
ۚ !( "= ;C < ML S g= &C S gK pK K "(10K E:L ; 7
&L = 0 (U S gK .MC SK5(C% !K C '§ L ۖ }( 4= BC 8 ( E$ J(D P= G !K C
ۖ := 2L $ ( L 5=&C P= G( n;)CG := 2L C _ t .:K "(2 FK 0(F1 S gK ۚ }
( 4= BC 8
( E$ J(D ;C <= BC 'L )C !K C
:= 2L (C "(7C := K 5SLD7* ¥ S !( "(D := K5=BCDC := L% + 4 G J(D Q C RK P= G( := 2L 5K0=&C = 2C ;C G G P= G( := 2L C ' g
P= DC ۖ :H ; <( ( "= T( := gK Q Sg= &C SK;C C P 0(U 9 E* '( T .MC SL;-( 1= 0 H S= -C ( 8 ( 0 'L C 5K h (C C ۚ := 2L $
L 5=&C
.P 0(W
( 5 P= G( := K C G ۖ !K U; U't &C P= G (= 0
PK 0 h (zC ۚ !( U; ( ; 7
( 'C 0(= * C ۚ "= ;C < ~
E kC DC J(U !( U; 8
k D( ۚ n"(
P( 0;( h = 1 := %( BCDC
.V
( ( #
= K P G( SK5S2L * C 3C C;E SK"(%&C pK SL-E* !( "= CN( V ("(GK .MC SK;C 1= 0 C ~( E )C &C EP2( C :K "-C
.MC SK
( DC := ( 0= C T( _
H F=
( ' L ۖ x1"R( SK5C := K 0(O SL%EDC P 0(U P G(
:= ( T T( := K = G( a 0(DC CzN( n
= 4 !K = G( := K %C Cz&C CzN( E:L 2 !( "= CN( V ("(GK := K ET4 =S< O ¡t K ~ E EdG CzN(
T( :K U;2C 0 S K DC x5Ck; K := ( "= ;C < F 5=&C = &C .MC SK;C 1= *
S= $
DC SK1E DC ۚ := gK "= * T( KL 2 "( .MC SL( # = 0K
CzN( := ( 0(0=&C = G E%C T( b iC" := K = ( *K M N( ۖ T( SK
( DC n
= 4 ~ E % zC &C CzN( 3 CMSL( # = 0K !( T( SK5C
.MC SKG( = 0K H S= -C ( 8
H 0C h (zC J(D UMN( ۚ 4K ( - 0 y #0 P= ( @ +=
L$ K = 0 ! U; UM&C = 0 := C &C .MC SLk- 0 := gK
(1) The communication is directed towards the Prophet :; !";< ^ ;W as the representative of the Muslims. (2) It is
the q
depicting their condition. (3) The question indicate the wrath and reproach of Allah.
Raindrops @
O= S He moves
K )(*K So that it increases (as
interest on loans)
S TK= "(
They are asked to repent MC SK1= $
= 0K Fragments, pieces n$
( There is no chance of
aversion
!K C EO G C
P= < J( = 1K O( T(
5=&C G .P 0(T(= GK =SU CzN( Q < E: 9K ( $ = *K C *S= 9K ( $ = *K C h E5{(DC
.MC SK;( $= GK := K DC *(0(T PK G( = 0K P= G UN( 9K ( $
= *K M N( ۖ := ( (CC;t
ۚ n "= R n1= t
3H ES%L ( 1= T P= G( 'C 1 E:L 3n ES%L ? H 1= t ( 1= T P= G( 'C 1 E:L ? H 1= t P= G( := 2L -C ;C > (U !K U;
ۚ H < "= C SL)(C G MC SKG( , = K :K $ ( - 0K L < E$ K SL-* S= 0 .K 0(-C :K "(;1 S gK ۖ y #0 G K ;L 7 = 0
ۖr
( 1= ( S= 0 CN( !( U; _
( ( J(D := K) (C = -C C MC 0={( : ; 1( SK*L& P 0(U qC C% .MC SL2DC = 0K SK5C h (C C
:= gK C := K *K4 ( 1= G SK;C C P 0(U 9K C = 0 C H i(G S= "DC .MC SK;C 1= * C := K= L := 2L E2( C r ( 1= K S= 0 C DC
.MC SK1= $
= 0K
UN( := K5=&C M N( KC C P 0(U EPCSL-"C H 0(T := K i ( P= i(C ۚ 'H )CG 'L P= G( M( =-L Cg J(D ~ ( E;( T= t
= -C C
.MC SK ;C 1= 0 C P 0(U _
( SL;%L ;C < !K U; 9K k 0 h
(C C .MC SL;k( = GK
.MC SK%( SK0 C P 0(U h
EU7
( $
= 0 C ۖ ¡
!( U; <= UMN( = (W
= CD
Worth Reading!
What are the Quranic teachings about defamation? Read more:
http://www.mubashirnazir.org/PD/English/PE02-0006-Defamation.htm
ۗ n A( T 3n g( C !K 1 5( := 2L "= ;C < eC = &C }( 4= BC J(D G 8( E$ J(D G := 2L C E7 ! U; UM&C =* := C&C
qC F 5=&C G SK1(E* :K K C 'C "(% CzN( . H (GK _ H ( C xgK C :H ; <( ( "= T( !( U; J(D qL O( ,0K P= G ~ ( E P G(
P= G . ( 1( E$ _ ( C< CN( := gK SK<= 0 ML Ck"= E# MC C S= C &C ۚ 5Q T !( "= ;C < 5= G 9K (E5 ' T SLC% !K U;
P= G .4( SKGBL L %( < !( U; CN( ۗ -C SK 3( = 1K (T h $ = = ( -C DC Pa $
( = GK S gK !( U; CN( !K = := ;( $ = 0K
:= K 1K 5K .4( K 8 ( CT( :a "(;< ! U; UMN( ۚ SL;( < T( := K iLKDC := K 1K ( = G "= CN( ۚ pK K L h
5=FK
= 0 C;DC C C
.°H "(;C _ H C< 1 CN( := gK kC = 5 E:L n;"(;%C
.MC SK;C 1= 0 C := gK K )C &C ' T ۚ !( U;( K =
'( %L ۚ !K U; EPLSL-"C } 4= BC 8 ( E$ ;C > P= G := K CB P= i(C
a C;% &C 3H ,
R P= G( } ( 4= BC J(D E5&C S= C .K "( J( S gK ! U; UMN( ۚ }( 4= BC 8 ( E$ J(D G !( U;(
C := 2L -L ; > G .:a "(2
Fa 0(F< ! U; UMN( ۗ !( U; 8 K ;( C 8 = ( 5 G H
K T=&C L 1 = p( ( 1= T P= G( pK K 0 K
=
.a ( T 9a "( ! U; UMN( ۗ 3H
( d H C UN( := 2L )L1= T
(, = 0 '§ L -C d
= E# E7 '( "= U; J(D 4 E ®
K (SK0 4( E J(D 'C "= U; ® K (SK0 ! U; UM&C * := C&C
!( 5(KO P= G( MC SK<= 0 G UM&C S gK ! U; UMBC(T h
(zC .a (> MC SL; 1= * T( ! U; UM&C $ GK 'H &C CN(
. K (2C J;( 1 S gK ! U; UM&C 'L A(
4H EW
'2L ( 8 H 0C h (zC J(D UMN( ۚ !( *(0 P= G( := 2L 0( "K( !( U;
( 1= (T( (
= J(D (, = * h
; L UMC& * := C&C
:= K = ( DC CN( := gK E,5 E;C DC P 0 !K C V
( ;( 7 = GK ! U; KS< O '( ;C C a S= G := K "(#C CzN( .4H SL2R
.4H SLC 4H E> ' L UN( *(0(T K
, = 0 G ۚ 2 a ( - GK
p( ( ( P= < +H 3 S gK Oa SLS= G C p( ( C P= < a ( (F, = 0 C xGS= 0 =S# >= := 2L ET4 SL-E* ~ K E 0&C 0
:K ; <( pK = <( ! U; UMN( .4K K !( U;(T := 2L E5EK 0 C "5= 3L "
:K 2L E5EK * C;DC ۖ ¡
!( U; <= UMN( ۚ ni"= R
d
a 5 (4= * G ۖ xC I K $ ( 2 * CzG d a 5 (4= * G ۖ (
4= BC J(D G :K ;C 1= 0 r C "= qL F0K ( < E$
.(> :a "(;< ! U; UMN( ۚ 8 K SK* } H 4= &C BCT(
(1) This depicts the picture of dragging with power. (2) Some words are omitted due to their perceptibility. They are
shown in the red color in the translation. Full translation will be: “When We rescue them towards the land, some of
them are on the right track but majority of them deny. Nobody denies our signs except every disloyal and thankful
person.” (3) Double G has created enormous emphasis. It means: “The father will not be able to do anything for
his child and definitely, surely the child will also not be able to do anything for his father.”
Worth Reading
What is the relationship between the revelation and the intellect? Read more:
http://www.mubashirnazir.org/PD/English/PE03-0007-Revelation.htm
8K E := K ;C DC 8( (E SL;( < SKG P 0(U EG&C .MC KS$ = 0 C ۚ n-( CD MC C P= C xG( = GK MC C P= DC &C
= G( SKK 7
= 0 M &C KO 4&C U;L ۖ 4K E :K gK B DC SL-$ DC P 0(U EG&C .MC SL; 1= 0 SK5C T( nFK 5K B
5O= BC _
( C1 P G( := K E-C 0(KC .MC SKT2C *K !( T( := K= L (U 4( E _
C< SL%Lz := K C 'C "(% "(D K"(<&L
P G( E5N( ۚ = < } <= &C E:L !( T4 8 ( 0(T zL P= EG( :K ;C &C P= G .MC SK1( = 0 := K U;1 C ( BC _
( C1 MC KO
.MC SK-( = GK V
G( ( ,
= K
; 1 .'C "( = N( J(( xgK pK ; 1 ۖ !( (C-( P= G( H 0= G( J(D 1 P= 2L * C;DC _ 2( SKG "= * = -C C
( G "-( S= 0 := K "= T 'L ( 0 S gK h
ET4 UMN( .MC SK%( SK0 *(0(T SK5C ۖ KW
EC 5( G= BCT( MC K= 0 n E(&C := K = G(
.MC SL;( 7 = 0 !( "(D SK5C "(D
C;DC &C ۖ 8
H 0C h
(zC J(D UMN( ۚ := ( (( $G J(D MC SK#= 0 M( K-L P G( := ( ;( = %C P= G( 2 ;C g= &C := C := K C ( = 0 := C &C
CMSK1 $ = 0
C;DC &C ۖ := K $
K L 5=&C := K GK 15=&C !K = G( 'L L B * x<4= + !( T(
K ( 7
= KDC +( K ,
K }
( 4= BC CN( Q @
K SK$5 E5&C =0 := C &C
CMK( = 0K
:= gK C := K 5KµN( KC C P 0(U 9K C = 0 C `
( = C S= 0 ' %L .V %( O( W := K= L M N( ` K = C Cg G MC SLSL-0
.MC K( = GK := K E5N( = ( 5= := K = < }= ( <= CBDC .MC KC = 0K
(1) It is a t1G ;K i.e. !( (C-( P
= G( H 0= G( J(D P= 2L * C;DC . It is an indirect reproach for the unbelievers.
Barren +( K ,
K Doubt H 0= G(
SK5C = -C C . x$ ( 0 UN( T( SL)E;C * G gS= *C C = ( SL;i(K E:L g4( Ck% &C P= G( := ( "= ;C < = ;C >( OK S= C
:= *K4= DC M N( 4K ( :K 2L 1 C = 0 P= C ' %L .nSLi$= G !( U; K = < MC C ۚ 4 TO= BC MC SS 0K C 'L = %C P= G( ! U; Kg <
:= 2L T( O 4&C M N( !( U; P G( := 2L K ( 1= 0 (U Cz P= G ' %L .n;"(;%C UN( MC SK1E *K C nzN( '( = -C ( &C 8 ( =S P G(
. x ( 5 C "( !( U; M( KO P= G( := K C MC K,( 0 C ۚ n
= 4 := 2L T( O 4&C 1 = &C SK
n ER( &C .n;"(;%C UN( ~ B MC SK*B 0 C ۖ "= CN( E:;L g := ( 5( S>= {(( V ;( (C- := 2L = G( V %( S1 K !K U; :K C;1= 0 = %C
Cz{(DC ۖ 8 ( S= P G( !( "= ;C < #
= 0K (UC := K K"K<= &C 4K K* h "= CN( MC KL = 0 := K 0=&C4
Villagers, Bedouin MC KOT Extremely miser n ER( &C Its dimensions, sides (of
the city
g4( Ck% &C
His oath !K
= 5 They talk to you slyly := L SL-;C They hesitated SL)E;C *
Their fortresses := ( "(W"W
Iron OH
( Those who create
problems
V
%( S1 K
x
EP2L
= &L EP2L 1= G &L P "= C1DC 0(+ "5= C3" MC O= ( *K EPK= L M N( h
( += BC( ' %L J(E 0&C 0
.x"(< x= &C EP2L = G( 8
( $ ( = K ; ( E< &C ! U; UM{(DC 3C >( 4 E !K CSK4 ! U; MC O= ( *K EPK= L M N( .n;"(
!( U; C;< h (zC MC C ۚ P( "= C 1= t ( _ K C1 C ? = < 0K H "GK H #
( CT( EP2L = G( (8B 0 P= G 1 J(E Q $5( 0
.xµ( C n%+= 4( C 5= <= &C P( "= *EG g = &C *(= 5K
x (W ' 1= * !( (SK4 !( U;( EP2L = G(
= K- 0 P= G . x$
( 0
}
a G !( (; %C J(D (U 9 k "DC q( S= -C (T P 1=
7 = * C;DC EPK"= -C E* M( N( ۚ ( $ P G( H
BCC EPK$= C J(E Q $5( 0
V
*( 3C C;E P = %( &C ۖ 2 CLB ( E";( g( , * P = E* C EP2L *(SK"TK J(D MC = %C .nDK1= G nS= %C P ; %L
. x"= ( k * := L kC 0K ( "= 'C g= &C d
= :K 2L = < I
g( "K( !K U; K 0(K0 E5N( ۚ !K CSK4 ! U; P 1= A( &C 3C CEF
. x(> n"(kC MC C ! U; UMN( ۚ ( 2
( !( U; 8 ( 0 P= G( EP2L *(SK"TK J(D ;C = 0K G MC = L z
8( C%O( E V %( O( E 8 ( 5(C- V
(5(C- 8( G( = K V
(G( = K 8
( ;( $
= K V ( ;( $
= K UMN(
V ( (E 8 ( C% K V %( K 8 ( 1R( 7 V 1( R( 7 8 ( T(E P 0(T(E
:= K C !K U; E< &C 8
( ( U x)(C ! U; P 0(( U 8 ( CD( := K KDL V ( D( 8( (E
.x"(< x= &C 3n ( = G
P= G ۗ := g( ( G= &C P= G( 3L "7
( :K K C MC SL20 M &C xG= &C !K LSK4 !K U; %C CzN( H G( = GK C PH G( = K ( MC C G
.x"(GK nC;t
U't
= -C DC !K CSK4 ! U; ¬ ( 1= 0
(1) These are special instructions given to the wives of the Prophet :; !";< ^ ;W. (2) Usually queens adorn
themselves with a display of finery to express their pride and arrogance. The wives of the Prophet are forbidden to
do so. The character required from them is mentioned in these verses.
Do you know?
The wives of the Prophet :; !";< ^ ;W are given a special status in these verses that they are “the
mothers of all the believers”. They have to live a simple (not luxurious) life like the Prophet and it will
not be allowed for them to marry anyone after the Prophet’s death. They will be rewarded double in the
Hereafter for their service. If they do something wrong, their punishment will also be double. If they do
not want to get into this special trial, they are given an option to get divorce from the Prophet with a lot of
wealth. In such case, they will be ordinary women i.e. not the mothers of the believers. They’ll have all
rights/obligations like ordinary people. The Prophet presented this option to his wives but all of them
opted for taking the responsibility of being “Mothers of Believers”. They accepted to live a simple life
with him and refused to get divorce from him. This indicates the moral strength of their character. The
harshness in the language is directed towards the hypocrites who were trying to make a scandal.
Do you know?
In Arabia, it was a common practice to adopt a child and give him rights similar to one other’s children.
As a result of that, the rights of their real children were disturbed. Allah abolished this tradition. In order
to establish an example, He instructed His Prophet to marry the divorced wife of Zaid Ibn Haritha ^ Jt4
!< who was the adopted son of the Prophet. Now a Muslim can adopt a child but he/she should not disturb
the rights of his/her real children.
Their teasing := gK Cz&C Their adopted sons := ( ("<( O= &C Relation, need xAC
!K U; Q CD&C EG( 1 h K"(0 = 2C ;C G G EPgK 4 SK&L "= * J(*U; h += &C h C ; ;C
= &C E5N( J(E 0&C 0
3n &C G= h 1 G MC = g J(*U; h *(C> 8 ( T h (> 8 ( T h *(E< 8 ( T h < 8 ( T h "= ;C <
= %C ۗ V (G( = K M( KO P= G( h C n (> 2( = $= 0 M &C J(E O 4&C M N( J(E;( $
5 = g M N( n G( = GK
!K U; MC C ۗ a
h "= ;C < MC SL20 C;"= 2C ( := K 5K0=&C
= 2C ;C G G := ( ( += &C J(D := ( "= ;C < t= DC G = ;( <
.x"(
4 x4SLC
h (zC ۚ h "= ;C < K C;DC F < P= EG( "= T= P( G ۖ y #* P= G h "= CN( (= *K EPK = G( y #* =PG J(= *K
!K U; MC C ۚ := 2L T(SL;%L J(D G :K ;C 1= 0 !K U; ۚ EPK ; L EPK "= * T( P "= t = 0 UMF
= 0 C EPK K"K<= &C E-C * M C& 5O= &C
UN( EPK K$
=
K h ,
<= &C S= C H += &C P= G( EP( T( qC E* M &C C K 1= T P= G( y $ h C 2 ' ( 0 C .x"(;
x"(;<
.x"(%4 H J= R 'L ;C < !K U; MC C ۗ h K"(0 = 2C ;C G G
CzN( P= 2( C pK 5N( P 0(( 5 "= C H 1AC CN( := 2L C MC zC = 0K M &C UN( J(E 8
SK"TK SL;>K = * C SKG P 0(U 0&C 0
EJ(E (z= 0K MC C := 2L (zC UMN( ۚ r H 0( ( V $( 5(B $
= GK C K# ( 5=CD := K= 1( AC Cz{(DC SL;>K =OCD := K"(<OK
3_ H ,
( ( 4 P= G( EPgK SLBC= CD x<G EPgK SKKBC CzN( ۚ P G( J(" = $
= 0 C !K U; ۖ := 2L = G( J("
= $
= "DC
P= G( !K += &C SK2( = * M &C C !( U; qC SK4 Lz= *K M &C := 2L C MC C G ۚ EP( T(SL;%L := 2L T(SL;-L ( K A &C := 2L (zC ۚ
H J= R '2L T( MC C ! U; UM{(DC pK SL7 = *K = &C ni"= R K= *K M N( .x"(< !( U; = <( MC C := 2L (zC UMN( ۚ xT&C p( ( 1= T
.x"(;<
C EP( *( S> &C ( T=&C C EP( 5( S>= N( ( T=&C C EP( (5 S>= N( C EP( (T=&C C EP( (T J(D EP( "= ;C < K C
. x"(R H J= R 'L ;C < MC C ! U; UMN( ۚ ! U; V -( E* ۗ EPK 5K0=&C = 2C ;C G G C EP( ($5(
.x"(;$
= * SK; !( "= ;C < S;W
SKG P 0(U 0&C 0 ۚ J(E C;< MC S; 0K !K 2C (C;G ! U; UMN(
(1) Slave women. (2) After that incident, it was made unlawful for the Prophet to marry any other woman.
(3) The Muslims are instructed how should they deal with their mothers i.e. the Prophet’s wives.
Do you know?
The slave women were declared half-wives of their master. They had their own rights & obligations. On
the birth of first child, they were given manumission. For details, see my book on slavery at:
http://www.mubashirnazir.org/ER/Slavery/L0018-00-Slavery.htm .
P 0(U .x"(GK xT C< := K C E< &C 3( >( "=5 J(D !K U; :K K 1 C !K CSK4 ! U; MC Lz= 0K P 0(U UMN(
' %L J(E 0&C 0 .x"(GK xN( x5= TK SL;
= ( -C DC SK$ G ( "= T( 8 ( G( = K V (G( = K MC Lz= 0K
ۗ P 0=zC = 0K C;DC P D 1= 0K M &C 5O= &C h
(zC ۚ EP( ("(TC; P= G( 1 EP( "= ;C < V 5(= 0K V (G( = K ( $5( h *(T h( += BC(
( 0( J(D MC SL( = K } a G := ( T(SL;%L J(D P 0(U MC SL-D( K !( = 0 := C P= i(C .x"(
4 x4SLC !K U; MC C
!( U; C EK .2 n;"(- * SL;%L L>( &L SL-( L 0=&C ۖ V 5(SK1; G .n;"(;%C UN( "(D h 5K4( ,0K C E:L := ( T( h E0( = KC
.n;0(= * !( U; ( E$
K ( ,
( * P= C ۖ 'L = %C P= G( =S;C > P 0(U J(D
! U; UMN( .x0(%C ML SL2* C < E$ U'1 C h 0(4= 0K G ۚ !( U; = <( K ; <( E5N( ' %L ۖ ( < E$ P( < ~ K E h LBC$= 0
:= K gK SKK I K U;-C *K S= 0 . x( 5 C "( MC K, ( 0 C ۖ xT&C "(D P 0((> . x1( := K C E< &C P 0(D( C2 P 1 C
5S;t BCDC 5Q L *O 1= AC &C E5N( ET4 SLC% .CSKE 1= AC &C ! U; 1= AC &C "= C 0 MC SLSL-0 4( E J(D
. x(C x1= C := K = 1 _
( C1 P G( P( "= C 1= t
( := (*( ET4 .C;"(E$
.x"( !( U; = <( MC C ۚ SLC% EG( !K U; pK &CEDC 3 SKG =zC P 0(UC SK5SL2* C SKG P 0(U 0&C 0
P= G ۗ := 2L TSK5zL := 2L C = ( = 0 := 2L C<= &C := 2L C `
= ;( = 0K . x0( nS= %C SLSL% ! U; SL-E* SKG P 0(U 0&C 0
.x"(< x+S= DC + CD = -C DC !K CSK4 ! U; 9( k( 0K
;C
= G( P - C R= &C ; (
= 0 M &C P "= TBCDC q( , ( } ( 4= BC 8
( E$ C;< 4 C 5GBC t = < E5N(
8
( C( # = K V ( ( # = K 8 ( C-D( K V -( D( K !K U; _
1 "K( .nSK xGSL;C MC C !K E5N( ۖ ML $5={(
.x"(
4 x4SLC !K U; MC C ۗ 8 ( G( = K V
(G( = K C;< !K U; _
SK0
(1) The hypocrites teased the Muslims in many way. One of their way of teasing was to attack on the chastity of the
Muslim women and spread rumors about them. They instigated some scandals and even raped a few women. The
family of the Prophet was their specific target. They are strongly reproached in these verses. (2) Using q 8 @ 3OG of
'"1* _T as well as the 4 G depict the intensity in killing. It means “They will be killed severely in an exemplary
way.” According to Ahadith, such punishment was implemented on various criminals who attacked the Muslim
women physically or those who instigated scandals. (3) The Bible is full of incidents how the Israelites teased
Prophet Moses $ 3S; !";<. The Muslims are instructed avoid such behavior with their Prophet.
(4) This covenant is mentioned at the beginning of this Surah. Allah presented this “trust” (i.e. freedom of choosing
right or wrong path) to the heavens, earth and mountains but they refused to get this freedom. Therefore, they will
not be rewarded / punished. The man took this responsibility with his/her own freewill. Therefore, he/she will be
rewarded with eternal enjoyment or punished at the Hellfire purely on their actual performance.
They live in your
neighborhood
h
5K4( ,0K We’ll definitely arouse
you against
h
E0( = KC Those who instigate a
scandal
MC SL( = GK
Dear Reader!
Build Your Personality
In last lesson, you have studied the !"#*. In this
Allah is taking care of us by providing us air,
lesson, we shall discuss different types of it. This water and a lot of blessings.. We should
classification is based on the deletion of a
always be thankful for His blessings.
component of !"#*.
You already know that various components of !"#* are deleted because the audience already know it. As a
result of that, five types of !"#* emerge:
• 'L K !K "# : It is the !"#* in which the !"# 3 O& is clearly described. For example: 3H C2#
= ( C p( 4( SK5 'L )CG
(The parable of His light is like a lamp). Here the word is provided which is the !"# 3 O&.
• K UK !K "# : It is the !"#* in which the !"# 3 O& is deleted. The reason for deletion is that the speaker
wants to emphasize that the !#G is exactly like the !T !#G. For example: ( 1 D "( ± : a ,5
5& (You
are a start in light and height). Here the word is deleted which is the !"# 3 O&. The speaker is
emphasizing that “you are not like a star”, but “you are exactly a start.”
• 'L E C K !K "# : It is the !"#* in which the !"# ! is clearly described. For example: ± ( j S gK
( < ,#
K (He is like the lion in bravery). Here the reason “bravery” is clearly described.
• 'L ,K !K "# : It is the !"#* in which the !"# ! is deleted because it very obvious. For example: UMBC
4a 0O d
# (The sun is like a coin). Here the reason for comparing the sun with a coin is not provided. It
is obvious that when a new yellow coin is made, it looks like the shining sun.
• eL "(; !K "# : It is the !"#* in which the !"# ! !"# 3 O& both are deleted to create an extreme
emphasis that both items compared to each other are extremely similar. For example: K*"
K 6 (Islam
is our life). Here Islam is compared with life. Since Islam is the guidance and without proper guidance,
life is nothing. The reason and the word for comparison are deleted to create an extreme emphasis that our
life is nothing without Islam.
• Description of the intensity of that attribute of !#G e.g. too much brave or too much coward
• To praise or defame the !#G e.g. praising him / her by describing a positive attribute or defaming him /
her by describing a negative attribute.
Test Yourself
Translate the following passages of the Quran and identify the type of !"#* as provided in the example.
Read the context of these verses, if something is not clear.
K SLk0
(54:7 - ) .a #
( KG Oa := K E5BCC
( = jQ P= G( MC SKK7
= 0
~
E
KÀ( * . ( $
= GK d
H
= 5 ( S= 0 J(D nW= W
n(4 := ( "= ;C < ; 4= &C E5N(
(54:19-20 - ) .H 1( -C = GK 'H 7 = 5 +K ,<= &C := K E5BCC
( BC(DC .M§ := K ;C = %C d
a 5=N( EPK ) ( k 0 := C
( = Uk 8
K W
( C% EP( "(D
(55:56-58 M¿ ) .ML = 8 K SL%" EPK E5BCC .M( T2C *K 2L T4
.¾
a SKW= G Mb "KT := K E5BCC nsW
!( ;( "( J(D MC SL;*(C-0K P 0(U I
( 0K !U; UMN(
(61:4 ? )
(63:4 V-Df ) .3b E$
GK I
a #
K >K := K E5BCC := ( (S= -C ( 9= $
= * SLSL-0 M N(
n="G !( "(>&C :
= C 'C L B 0 M &C := L K
&C I
( 0K&C n=1T := 2L
K 1= T I
= = 0
(49:12 8 ,. ) .pK SKKg= ( 2C DC
(74:50 f ) .3b ( = $
= GK a K
K := K E5BCC
77:32- 8G) .a W
K b C( !K E5BCC .( = -C C 4H #
T( J(G= * E5N(
(33
( C( ( 0(* ( 0 v( ± !( (EG L
K :K (1
pK 4K C
Dear Reader!
Build Your Personality
In this lesson, we shall study an inspiring
collection of the Hadith of the Prophet ^ ;W A strong positive mental attitude will create more
:; !";<. miracles than any wonder drug.
M=06 _
n1KR MS 9a (T M=06 ” :q% :; !";< ^ ;W Â P< !< ^ Jt4 30g Á& P<
“.M=06 PG b 1R y "
:; PG :K ;$f ” :q% :; !";< ^ ;W J( P< < ^ Jt4 < PT ^ < P<
“.!< ^ 5 G ,
g PG K f p(0 !5$ PG MC S;$f
IK0
:
& PG0 ” :q% :; !";< ^ ;W Â P< !< ^ Jt4 d5& P<
“.!($ IK0 G !">j
p("T J($5 SD” :q% :; !";< ^ ;W ^ qS4 M& :!< ^ Jt4 30g Á& P<
“.P="1= & ~
( p( p( PG !"N I
& MC S&
:K
& P(GK0
M& :M=06 3C
!"D P PG b ” :q% :; !";< ^ ;W J( P< d5& P<
J(D O S10 M& p 20 M& ^ N !K0 Q f EI
( 0K M& Kg S G !"N I
& !S4 ^ MC S20
“.4 ±
-0 M & p20 L2
/T @
( 0 (4 5j I
M( =06 L 0” :q% :; !";< ^ ;W Â P< d5& P<
“.4 5j
N
& P 0 EO#K0 P a$0 P 0 MN” :q% :; !";< ^ ;W J( P< 30g Á& P<
“., PG JR (
3KT SK"1 #T& SKT4( % KO$D K!;C
“.a !L% a@S$D :;$f _
K (” :q% :; !";< ^ ;W J( M& ^ < P<
Night , Be moderate and right KO He becomes an extremist EO#K0
. aP"T q. ” :qS-0 :; !";< ^ ;W ^ qS4 1 :qS-0 ="#T PT M1 P<
PG .!t< !(0 &C = 8
( #f C-E* PD .~ PG a "= ) K;10 8
H #KG "T P"T
sMN & .(
hH ;G s'2 sMN & .!1% S0 M& hRSK0 . qC S
<0H :8# ± 9%
zN !s; K $º `
;W = ;W zN :b KG ( $º ± sMN & .!KG4G !(t4& ± ^ (
(M=06 _ 47KT) “.I;- Jg & .!; K $º $D 8 = $D
3L >G N !"T J("T d" .:; !";< ^ ;W J(
=O4(
K :q% Ã' PT z1G P<
:q% :L .n < 4 :L “.h01 ^ qS4 h"” :
K ;% “!' PT z1G 0” :q-D .'
PT z1G 0” :q% Å .< 4 Å “.h01 ^ qS4 h"” : K ;% “!' PT z1G 0”
“.h01 ^ qS4 h"” :;% “!'
^ E
sM{D” :q% “.:;<& !S4 ^ ” :;% q% “O1 ;< ^
G 4* 'g” :q%
:
K ;% “!' PT z1G 0” :q% Å .< 4 :L “.i"R !T S#0 pK10 M& O( 1 ;<
q% “hz S;1D zN ^ ;< O1
G 4* 'g” :q% “.h01 ^ qS4 h"”
“.:Ts10 M&” :q% “.:;<& !S4 ^ ” :;%
M=06 : 1A @
z” :qS-0 :; !";< ^ ;W ^ qC S4 9 !5& ÃI;kf < PT ~1 P<
“.n S4 H (T x0O 6T T4 ^T Jt4 PG
"0.T ` 3C W :; !";< ^ ;W ^ qS4 T s;W” :q% ÃJ(º > PT 0+ P<
q% zG MK4* 'g” :q-D ~ ( ;< '%&
5 ;D .'"; P(G = 5 ( $ ( N ±
:q% PG GBD .a D J(T Pa GG O< P(G `W&” :q% q% “.:;<& !S4 ^ ” : S% “:2T4
( ST( 5kG :q% PG G& I( SC2T a D J(T PGG hD !=
4 ^ '( T 5kG
“.I S2T Pa G( KG J(T a D hD
L;DBD .1R MS 9T M=06 ” ::; !";< ^ ;W ^ qS4 q% :q% Ã30g J(T& P<
“.M=06 PG 1KR ". .0k P< zj L AC GN g5O& .^ N !N qL S%
After rain ( $ ( N ± Removing L AC GN Sitting behind
=O4(
M&” oN :; !";< ^ ;W JGj J( ( 1C !5N !C $ &T . ;C DC ” :J;< q%
“.DG N J( K 0 aPGG N J(K0
M&” :q% “^ < :K <& I ( 5 &” ::; !";< ^ ;W ^ qC S4 K B :q% ^ < P<
M& Å” :q% “& Å” :;% q% “.:a "1 hz sMN” :! ;% q% “.h -C ;C > Sg 5( ^
( 'C 1,*
“.(4 C ;";
J(5 F* M& :L” :q% “& Å” :;% q% “.h1G : 1k0 M& n D7G 'C -*
K # ” :q% 2 ± :; !";< ^ ;W J( P< d5& P< 2T Á& PT ^ "< 5c>&
“.4( KF qL S% .d
( 'L % .P0 S @
K SL-<K .^T
0” :'"% “.8 ( -(TSK 9 $ SK( ” :q% :; !";< ^ ;W ^ qS4 M& Ã30g Á& P<
'L & .T N ^
J( d '% .$ .^T # ” :q% “Pg G !^ qS4
“.8GK 8 ( D 8 (
K % .?
(
F S0 JsS .T( 'L & .:"" qG
!(;% ± M PG C º '>0 ” :q% :; !";< ^ ;W J( P< OS1$G PT ^ < P<
sMN” :q% .$
!L;15 x$
!TS MC S20 M& IK0 'C sMN” :'4 q% “.H = ( P(G 3H 4z qL -)G
“.~
L = . K kC T K = 2( .qC º IK0 'b " ^
.G d";D
$ ";< 'C
PG” :q% :; !";< ^ ;W ^ qS4 sM& Ã30g Á& P<
“.G( d
";D E#C PG
ER & .O 7 _
t
PG G d"” ::; !";< ^ ;W ^ qS4 q% :q% ^ < P<
."";gº S<T <O& ._
S"º
!T
=
G JGj + ,* ^ MN” ::; !";< ^ ;W ^ qS4 q% :q% Ã30g Á& P<
“.!T S;10 & Ss;20 :C G $5&
± K ,5 5N” :pSB$D :; !";< ^ ;W J( _W& PG ~ a 5 :q% Ã30g Á& P<
`
K 0W z” :q% “.:15” : S% “pSK*K %” :q% “.!T : ;20 M& 5K
& :K C 10 G 1($5&
“.M=06
-D !(""T :H ;$G ³
H G
9 kC % PG” :q% :; !";< ^ ;W ^ qS4 M& GG& Á& P<
:q% ^ qS4 0 ="$0 ni"R M MN” :'4 ! q-D “.º !";<
4 ! ^ I &
“. 4& P(G x"% MN”
5& 5& Kg
& K 0&4 % .P=")C0
:; !";< ^ ;W ^ qS4
:q% Ã0
P<
M- P(G SK;( 1D .M- qF5 :L “.q( _ ( S;% 4( ± = F5 C 5Gj sM&” :
.>|
.!;% PG L 5Gj / K -KD C GS 'L K 0” :q% 5Gj 9( D4 P<
Å .$ PG SK;( <
H = , .'( , ')G g& '"D .!;% PG 5Gj /-D C GS 0 :L . ( S ')G gK& s'"D
“.¥ JR !"D d" x(G p D
C ( D .h(;4 ;< !K =
O
C 5Gj OK0 a
& OK 20 .MS100 ~
K `
K "D .!(;4 ;< !
D x
>& :L
± G “!!;-<& G !!D& G !p;C & G” :'; q-K0
“.x"G&
n 4 MD J(T ± MN” :q-K0
“.M=0N P(G qH O> P(G
q-)G !(;%
x"5 5 M Pi .!K0(O J;< !E5EOK " x;$G M P(i .
K 10T :20& J(TL& G Mb G+ J;< J*& -
_ :;$G) .5D 5D sN :2G 9K 0(Tj K D S" G& .!"(< ;< !5O" x0OS0 &
(M=06
(1) It means that the Satan insinuates the heart of a believer only with fake questions. A believer should not be
worried about such insinuations.
:;1 _
“. *K #T $1K* $0” :q% :; !";< ^ ;W J( P< Hd5& P<
!P=
< T& 0” :'b 4 ! q-D d"> ' ± ~ K0 ^ < M :q% ' Á& P<
J5N :L2;GL& M& pK & J5& hz PG J(10 !5N G&” :q% “HS0 ' *Uz h5& 8 K O(OS
“.";< ( G $ C D7G (T CS70 :; !";< ^ ;W J( M (<ST :2ES7*&
P0 J(D !K -C 0K x"= > !T ^ O(0K PG” :qS-0 :; !";< ^ ;W J( 1 :01G P<
:CC> PG :g0 ^ ( G& ;< % L Gj pg qC F* P .Jk1K0 ^ :a % 5& 5N
“.^ K G& J *(B0
p* 'b 4 :P=" ± N $
” ::; !";< ^ ;W Â q% :q% OS1$G PT ^ < P<
“.s;10 (T J-0 SD C 2. ^ p* 'b 4 . ± !(2C ;C g ;<
;$
K D n G ^
:;1 v PG !T ^ J()1T G ')G” :q% :; !";< ^ ;W J( P< SG Á& P<
.=")2 I
#K1 Ç2
= 5BD
= ;C (% bE"-( 5 (G M2D xt4& _W& =")2 r( " '( )
= TW& . S<4+ SL- SKT( #D ~ (T ^ y 9 C D
= 2$G& K_O( & G 5
.Ç K* G h$K* Mb 1"C% Jg 5N >& b A G
x&4 hT 9= D0 :C PG ')G .:s;< : ;( 1 D !T ^ J()1T G !15 ^ P( 0O ± ! -L DC PG 'b )G hD
.!T
= ;4& ^ ( g ' -0 :C
:;1 9D0 M& :<$ ¦
( R& PG MN” ::; !";< ^ ;W ^ qS4 q% :q% d5& P<
“.5F 0 l _#0 'º )0
T qSLk0 (G 3 K 4( O& O& !^ qS4 0” :'4 q% q% 4 5j OS1$G Á& P<
0&” :q-D .iGS0 P(G x R& H <SG ± :; !";< ^ ;W J ( K 0&4 D “.Mb D
“.. z ?"1 / 0f :"D M{D =?7K"; D ~
( T s;W PD MGK :25N !~
P(G 'b 4 :M & :v ” ::; !";< ^ ;W ^ qS4 q% :q% !"T& P< 3OT ST& È
^
O& zN S;f K 1 :; !";< ^ ;W (T PG !( "(T PG _2 'g&
:L "(;1* P$
BD s;< (0O( B* P $
BD ETOBD gKk0 b G & p< 5 'b 4 !" SG
1“.M & !;D EFD C-<&
' 1D q h";< (;” ::; !";< ^ ;W J(; $ % :4l "1 Á& P<
P2G G” :Pv q% "D M2D PgG& P<SD !"D P"-( C GS0 EPgK < S D “.h($5 P(G xGS0
:q-D “V ” :3&GN -D “.4 P(G xT,(
v M N g PG n -* 3b &G
2“.V ”
!K = G( _
2( h
"= ;C < qC F 5=&C (U S gK ” ::; !";< ^ ;W ^ qS4 * :% .#< P<
! T#* G MC SK1(E"DC eb 0=+ := ( T(SL;%L J(D P 0(U EGBCDC ۖ 8
a T(#GK K > &L _ ( 2( &L EPgK 8 a C2 = GK 8 a 0
'§ L !( T( EG MC SLSL-0 :( ; 1( J(D MC SK7( E ۗ !K U; UN( !K ;C 0(B * :K ;C 1= 0 G ۗ !( ;( 0(B * Q (T= ( = ( Q (T= !K = G(
^ ;W ^ qS4 q% :% .[7 :M < q] “._ ( BC SLL& UN( K UU0 G ۗ T4 ( = <( P= G(
“.:gK4
D ^ E P0 hiBD !G ! T#* G MSK1(E0 P0 :K0&4 zN” ::; !";<
8
SW& 9 ( $D q% .xGS0 :; !";< ^ ;W ^ qS4 oN 8 K ,g :q% < PT ^ < sM&
.I !( ±
K 1K0 .:; !";< ^ ;W ^ qL S4 ";< 7D .H 0 ± C;C > P( "= ;C 4
“._
( 2 ± :(D>T :2C;% M PG h
;C g 5N” :q-D
:";< .:; !";< ^ ;W ^ qS4 oN _ <j PG ~ a 5 Q :q% .^ < PT 0 P<
.!< KkC TBD .% ;< ~ sr D .b
:TW& % :(
Q S &D .
K S
SK1T* :L .> Å .@
H 4 PG 3H K T( 4( 5j PG
n 4 MN :L :q% .! ± hz J (4K
::; !";< ^ ;W ^ qS4 q-D .! ± 4$
( <K
PG ¬
K -0 .(T 'H < PG H & 'L )G ! I
(L p1T (T 'C ( 1D n$
n K 6 ± EP PG”
'< PG 4H + ')G !";< I p1T (T '1D i" 6 ± P PG .¥ JR :g(4S&
(:;1 _ :;$G) “.JR :g(4 +& PG ¬-0 (T
Silver (coins) @
H 4 It was seen J (4K Wool
K S
Bundle, packet 3H W
K They delayed KkC T&
P _
>"D EJ;< O0 PG K ( 5& J(tS
;< 5&” :q% :; !";< ^ ;W Â P< =& P<
“.-C C- ;< S#G (4* :qS-"D JG& :qS%BD J(5O PG ~
H T
PG !5{D == ";D ni"R p="G& P(G p(L PG” :q% :; !";< ^ ;W J( P< ~< PT P<
“.( ";g C "G 8G x= R Mk;$ P(G >
qL T D '*- D” :'"% “.4 'g& P(G Kg2D ("C"$T M;$f ! S* zN”P$. P<
“.!(
W 'C % O 4& !5N” :q% “qS-f
("= l P< :; !";< ^ ;W ^ qS4 MSB$0 ~ K M :qS-0 M" PT 0
P<
R H ";g J(D 5N !^ qS4 0” :;-D .J(40 M& D7G # P< !LB& K
“.:15” :q% “R P(G ( "= l g 1T 'D ="l (T ^ 5,D
“.P>KO !"D :15” :q% “> PG # hz 1T 'g” :;%
“.2K* :G
You bite, you chew E/1 * M& Remain separate q F< Moving backward -C C-
g J(T ” : J( q-D KP$. ILk70 :; !";< ^ ;W J( "T :q% 32T T& P<
(Ì _ 4Î) “.V;$f P(G P( "= iD VT !T `
; 0 M& ^ s'1 a"
C%4#G 0&D .}4j Ë + ^ sMN” :; !";< ^ ;W ^ qS4 q% :q% MTS P<
J5N ./"Tj =
j P( 0F= 2
K "k<& .G Ë + G L2;KG eL ;" JG& MN .T4G
.:$5& S PG x< :";< U
;$0 M& .H G< H $ T C2;0 M& JGj JT4 B
.:
"T `
K "($"D
:C2;g& M& h(Gj hK"k<& J5N .O 0K !5{D %
K "% zN J5N !Í 0” :q% JT4 MN
:";< 9 S .:"T `"$0 .:$5& S PG x< :";<
s;L& M& .H G< H $T
."1T :1T J($K0 1T h(;K0 :K1T MS20
g4k%& VT PG q% & g(4k%BT P(G
( -T ' 0
L <$ S-* ” :q% :; !";< ^ ;W ^ qS4 M& Ã30g Á& P<
“.!K52G J(" 0 :qS-"D '
~
( ;< EP"*(B" !p"T J$5 ” ::; !";< ^ ;W J( q% :q% 30g Á& P<
“.'(%L H JR & ;< qL S-f 40 .'C % JR & ± 'L *- 40 Mb G+
MB xGS% S;(*C-*K
<$ S-* ” :q% :; !";< ^ ;W J( M& Ã30g Á& P<
“.1# :L15 xGS% S;*-*
<$ S-* .L %k ML , :gS
(Ì _ :;$G)
Worth Reading
What is ostentation and how it ruins the good deeds of a religious person?
http://www.mubashirnazir.org/PD/English/PE02-0002-Ostentation.htm
@% _
"5 P(G a "= > ( º ± ¦
H S 9K tSG” :qS-0 :; !";< ^ ;W J( 1 :q% ' P<
“."D G "5 PG K "= > H
4 & ^ '( " ± 3 "D G
:q-D J2(T :; !";< ^ ;W ^ qS4 C > & :q% < ^ Jt4 < PT ^ < P<
= * D
"$G& zN” :qS-0 < PT M “.'" K T(< & Ia 0 h5B "5 ± PL”
“.h(*S( h(*"
PG h(t( h(W PG K> $f = * D
W& zN
!*W
L& '( g& ;< s; D nGS0 > :; !";< ^ ;W ^ qS4 M& :G< PT -< P<
oN K L 5j ^ J5N :2";< "R 5& :2LA DC J5N” :q-D (f oN
5 Å "f ;<
P0 Å J(5% ~ ( K "= > :q% :; !";< ^ ;W J( P< !< ^ Jt4 ^ < P<
:K5=0&C :5=0&C 1:K*OR K ($* :a S% :g(1T PG J,0 :L :5S;0 P0 Å :5S;0
.:*OR
40 K < d
1( *” ::; !";< ^ ;W ^ qS4 q% q% !< ^ Jt4 30g Á& P<
“.}0 :C
1K0 :C MN Jt4 J k( <L& MN "l ( "k- :g4
!B Å J(5k<BD !KB Å J(5k<BD :; !";< ^ ;W J( K B :q% F
PT :"2
P<
3b > qC g sMN !:"2
0” :Ë q% :M" q% T4 “.qf g” :q% Å J(5k<BD
M !"D ! = 40 :C d( 5
pG%
( * & *
Js; 0 :; !";< ^ ;W J( M :qS-0 1R PT 3=" P<
“. n4S2R n< ML S& D&” :qS-"D .! q-"D
G 1 !( ""C VT G Ë P0 PG” :q% :; !";< ^ ;W ^ qS4 P< 1 PT ' P<
“.º ! PtL& 2 !";(4 VT
L D" ” :qS-0 :; !";< ^ ;W J( J(;% p< 5Lz&L 9 :q% J< Fl `0R Á& P<
>| S" ^T PG0 M PG ;" a S0” :q% “!*F G” :'"% “.!*F H0&
“.2$" & x"= > ' -";D >| S" ^T PG0 M PG !C"t = 2";D
'H 4 ') ^ J()1T G ')G J;)G” ::; !";< ^ ;W ^ qS4 q% :q% SG Á& P<
b A !K < ABD , y ,D 3M0K1 K 0 5& J5N J("1T u
"º
K 0&4” :q-D xGS% *&
“.:
D u
K "º :E D b A !=Ts S,D :;G ;< SK,COBD
,
(8 S#T 4
( ,
(
K ” :q% :; !";< ^ ;W ^ qS4 M& :30g Á& P<
“.p( 4( 2(T º
P(G :
& oN _
K %& L º ” ::; !";< ^ ;W J( q% :q% !< ^ Jt4 ^ < P<
“.hz ')G 4 !(;15 ( (R
± !";< 'D PG oN :K
& 5 zN” :q% :; !";< ^ ;W ^ qS4 P< 30g Á& P<
“.!G 'L & Sg PG oN = ";D ;l q( f
(1) Tongue. (2) Sexual Organs. This is a way to express in figurative way.
Do you know?
It was a common practice in Arabia that when a person saw a danger, he used to tear his clothes and
become naked to demonstrate his seriousness. Then he used to climb on a hill and warn his tribe about the
potential danger. He was called M0< 05 or “a naked herald”. The Prophet :; !";< ^ ;W also adopted the
same method to warn his nation about the danger of the Hell except that he did not tear his cloths.
.' F< !T4 P< 0 "D :; !";< ^ ;W J( P< < ^ Jt4 ~< PT P<
^ ;10 :;D H $(T E:g PD .hz PE"T :L 8
( i"$ 8$. I C ^ MN” :q% :q%
(1 oN 8
H $
#< p< ! ^ C;< (T E:g Sg M{D .n ;G n $
p< !
Sg M{D ;G n $
p< ! ^ ;10 :;D i"$T E:g PG .3=")
H 1t& oN ?
H 1t
“.3
n i" ! ^ ;1D (T E:g
5Gj
= 1"t zN” ::; !";< ^ ;W ^ qS4 q% :q% !< ^ Jt4 30g Á& P<
5D !(;g& ( "= oN Gj L& zN” :q% “^ qS4 0 <tN ?"” :q% “.<$ 5D
“.<$
^ J 0 J 0K PG !T ^ 9E 9E PG” :; !";< ^ ;W J( q% :qS-0 _ P<
.(!T
.$K* 5 .“1 ” $K* :; !";< ^ ;W ^ q( S L %5 5 :q% d5& P<
q-D “.1 C-(K ” : S% V;$f ;< hz RD .C-$
D ! OH S1% ;< JT( <& ,D
“.!1t N "5 P(G ni"R 9D0 M& ^ ;< n-
MN” ::; !";< ^ ;W ^ qS4
pQ- ^ I
& ^ Q - I
& PG” :q% :; !";< ^ ;W J( P< G PT 3O< P<
:q% “.8 S pK 2K 5N” :! +& /1T & #< % “.p- ^ p ^ Q - p ( PG
!"N I
& ¥ JR d";D !(G ^ M( StT #TK 8Sf pK
zN PGK EP2 z d"”
.!(TS-< ^ _ ( 1T #TK
zN D2 MN p- ^ I
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“.p- ^ p ^ - p2D !GG& (G !"N p& ¥ JR d";D
G oN SD& % :5{D 8 SGj S$* ” ::; !";< ^ ;W J( q% :% #< P<
“. SGE%
!";< EG :; !";< ^ ;W ^ qS4 M& :K0 M !5& 4 5j J1T4 PT 3O% Á& P<
“!G $f `0$f G !^ qS4 0” : S% “.!G $KG ` a 0$G” :q-D H3+,(T
!G `0$0 K 1 ^ =
4 oN g z& "5 I
( K 5K P(G `
K 0$0 PK Gf 1 ” :q%
“._ K ,# O OK 1
” ::;$f q-D OS" PG '4 V;$f PG 'b 4 M4 I :q% 30g T& M&
:q% “.VC1 ;< SG kW ” :OS" q-D “.P="C1 ;< xKG kW
!";< ^ ;W ^ q( S4 oN OS" IgD OS" ! : kC ;C D hz < :K ;$f I
( D
” ::; !";< ^ ;W ^ qL S4 q-D .:;$f ( G& p(G& PG M (T p>BD :;
SGK z{D "K0 PG q& ± MSBD G"- S0 MSL-1 0 ~ sM{D .SG ;< J(5"7 *K
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P"(D SG M& 4O& D .w1 I5,(T u
a AT
“.GT ~
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8
a $
! P20 ´ M{D !(*$
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“.!";<
=
kD !">& 8
H i" PG >&
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& d"” :q% :; !";< ^ ;W ^ qS4 M& :#< P<
nT$
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S$D !(""T !T J *(& PG GBD” :o1* ^ q% % d"& ^ qS4 0 :K ;-D
_$. uK %C 0K
& d" }1 hz 5N” ::; !";< ^ ;W ^ qS4 q-D “. n="$0
“._<K N G"- S0
M( Sgj o1* ^ qS-0 :q% :; !";< ^ ;W J( P< :!< ^ Jt4 hG PT d5& P<
:qS-"D “!T (* & JR PG }4j ± G h M& S” :G"- S0 nT < 4 'g&
"TBD ni"R J(T = #* M& :O I;KW ± 5& g PG ML S g& hG 8
K O4&” :qS-"D “.:15”
“.J(T #K* M& N
'gj qS-0 o1* 4* ^ MN ::; !";< ^ ;W ^ qS4 q% :q% 4l "1 Á& P<
G” :MSS-"D “:"t4 'g” :qS-"D “.h01 T4 h"” :MSS-"D “º 'g& 0” :º
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&
1K* ´ G "k<& % t5
:2";<
L 7& D J(5 St4 :2";< s'
& :qS-"D “hz PG 'D& JR & _4 0” : S%
“. nT& p1T
º ±
K MC y K" ( º 'g& MN” :q% :; !";< ^ ;W J( P< ' P<
“.$ ± IS2 M *
º 'g& 'C > O zN” :q% :; !";< ^ ;W J( M& :!< ^ Jt4 4l "1 Á& P<
“.pSK( >BD M=0N P(G qH O> P(G
qC -)G !(;% ± M PG” :^ qS-0 4 4( 'g& º
'( "
± . K K* MSKK"D 3". 5 J(D MS-;"D x
K O< SK#
( KG % MS7K"D
Q W
K K 7* 5& * :C&” ::; !";< ^ ;W Â q% .'( "$ "(
:q% & “.'"$
“.n 0S;G
z :L G zC S1D !(ST RBD 4 z :; !";< ^ ;W J( M& :Ð
PT < P<
“."A b ;2D = ,0 ´ PD 3* #T S 4 SL-* ” :q% Å .G zS1D !(ST RBD 4
S 4 P(G p1-G 4& N C º
& '>0 ::; !";< ^ ;W J( q% :30g Á& P<
.3b $
!";< MC S2" P$
& S º PG p1-G 4& N
& 4 '>0 . x2KR O OF" Q &
He turned away R& Pasture after flood '"$ '( "
They are burned like
hot iron
SK#
( KG
Wrapped Yellow n 0S;G Q W Hot like lava x
K
G"- S0 ~
^ 9,0 ::; !";< ^ ;W ^ qS4 q% :q% !< ^ Jt4 d5& P<
5&” :MSS-"D O MS*B"D “.52G P(G K0=K0
T4 ;< =1# S” :MSS-"D
“.T4 < 9= ( RD h ,$D C 2f G& !(
4 PG h"D C 5 p("T ^ hC-;>
.!5S*B"D ^ !C)1 T qb S4 q& x
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K $” :qS-"D
“.
n ";> ^ p7* : "g TN SK ” .!i"k> 0 “.:g $” :qS-"D
“.^ !s; SG S ” .!i"k> 0 “.:g $” :qS-"D !5S*B"D
“.$"< S ” .!i"k> "D “.:g $” :qS-"D !5S*B"D
!(5z PG -* G ! C C -D .:; !";< ^ ;W nÍ S .:g $” :qS-"D !5S*B"D
.>B* G
9D4 ” :Ë q-0 :L ^ R G J(<"D n K 1% !K0&4 z{D JT4 ;< ML z( BBD J(5S*B"D
:L J(s;1K0 H "T JT4 K =
BD J&4 9K D4BD “.9U# *K 9= R 9$K0 'L% !k1K* ' .h&4
()) ± !C;)G x 9K %C BD OK SK<& :L º :L;>OL& 4 PG :K( >L& :L
Ë K"D 9K R&
I
&” : g < qS-0 3O% M “.M- !K $
PG N 4 ± -0 G
1T &
“.OS;l !";<
n> 4 '( g& K > :;<j J5N” ::; !";< ^ ;W Â q% :!< ^ Jt4 ^ < P<
“.º '>OD Igz ” :^ qS-"D xS 4 PG K 7K0 'b 4 .n S>O º 'g& > G
'>OD Igz ” :qS-"D “.ÇG K* !_4 0” :qS-"D 9K ( "D ÇG 5& !"N '"7K"D "(*B"D
Igz ” :qS-"D “.ÇG K* !JT4 0” :qS-"D 9"D ÇG Ñ& !"N '"7"D "*B"D “.º
:qS-"D “."5 q)G& 3#< ')G h MN” :& “.()G& 3L #< "5 'L )G h sM{D º '>OD
:; !";< ^ ;W ^ qC S4 K 0&4 -;D “.h ;( 5& JG hK
*” :& “.JG K 7
$*&”
“.F=G ( º 'g& 5O& hz” :q-0 M pC S5 8 = T
h
(t
Molar teeth C S5 Crawling xS We seek intercession =1#
PG /
K "T& p£G HR 3L ="$G JtS
” ::; !";< ^ ;W J( q% :< PT ^ < P<
“. xT& BL 0 D G _
( R PG $ ( S, !K5 F" h$f P(G I
K "A& !K0=4 (P;
!K*W H
L& '( g& ;< s; D xGS0 > :; !";< ^ ;W J( M& :!< ^ Jt4 -< P<
5j ^ J5N :2";< "R 5& :2 ¦ b DC J5N” :q-D f ;<
5 Å " ;<
>& G ^ J5N }4j `"*G & }4j P F> ` "*G K "(k<L& J5N .M| J(tS
oN
(@% _ 47KT) “."D SK$DC * M& :2";<
>& P2 1T SL( #K* M& :2";<
!(G PG ! 5N .ËG .ËG :1 qS-0 :q% :; !";< ^ ;W ^ qS4 M& Ã30g Á& P<
!K L 4* aIg z SD hz S G .%D k<& & C;TBD d ( & DBD 'C C & G :
“.~;
S;>* ” :1,. _Wj :; !";< ^ ;W ^ qS4 q% :qS-0 < PT ^ < P<
M & :";< S;>* D V
T S5S2* :C M{D .P="( T SK5S2* M& N .P="T(s1K S- g ;<
“.:TW& G ')G :2" 0
( g, V2$f ;G4j ;< J<$ ” :q% :; !";< ^ ;W Â P< 30g Á& P<
“.k0 : Ã0 :-” :q% !$
& “.^ '" ±
& 5&” :o1* 4* ^ q% ::; !";< ^ ;W ^ qS4 q% :q% 30g Á& P<
“.!L(R !K* ("= J 1( G !"D R& < 'C ( < PG .# P< ( #
.G"- S0 'T *K0” :qS-0 :; !";< ^ ;W ^ qS4 1 :0+ PT G& P<
.4 'L g& !"N 9,"D .
(T 4K . 40 (T 4K K"D .!(kT _
%& K ( D .4 ± -;K"D
K % .;T” :qS-"D “2f P< *
1fT K GK B* P= 2* :C& hG !MD 0” :MSS-"D
“.!"* 2f P< =5& !"(*
1fT a G(
¾
K T& .'" N J(T ± sMN :qS-0 :; !";< ^ ;W J( 9 !5& Ã!
30g T& M&
I
& H JR &” :q-D ¾Tj *BD .n2;G :"N r1D .:"(;0 M& ^ O 4BD .<& %&
!$
D q% “.~ J(54% % J< I K g 0 P$
a ;( Pa $
bMS” :q% “h"N
“.'T6 ” :q% “h"N I
& qf BD” :q% .$
; $
5S Jk<& .pK4% !< IgD
:>| q% “.'T6 ” :Kg
& q% %j & ¾ Tj sM& N @N hR .- q% &)
“."D h ^ 4T” :q-D “.Q #< n %5 k<BD” :q% “.- ”
g J< Ig0 Pa $
a 1(R” :q% “h"N I
& JR &” :q-D %j *BD q%
“h"N I
& qC f BD” :q% .$
1(R Jk<& .!< IgD !$D q% “.~ J(54%
“."D h ^ 4T” :q-D .G
3-T Jk<BD “.- ” :q%
“.~ !T K ( TBD T sËN ^ EO0 M&” :q% “h"N I
& JR &” :q-D <j *BD q%
3R Jk<BD “.: ” :q% “h"N I
& qf BD” :q% .p T !"N ^ OD !$D :q%
. g M g ®
5BD .
¾
Tj *& !5N :L q% .: PG O v .- PG O v .'( T6 PG OH ( M2D :q%
N S" Ë ²T D . ± q. J(T = 1k-5 % .V2$G 'b 4” :q-D !(i"g !(*4SW ±
± !";< es;*K& . x"= 1T q P$. ;º P$. MC S; Ck<& T hB& .hT :L ^T
x"= -D ~ 4-0 ¾T& P2* :C& .hD<& J5B” :! q-D “.3b =") @S-. ” :q-D “
^ E" D Tz L MN” :q-D “.H T P< xT( qf g
K 4 5N” :q-D “^ k<BD
“.
G oN
MN” :q-D . g ;< O4 G ')G !";< O4 . v q% G ')G ! q-D !*4SW ±
%j *& :q%
“. G oN ^ " D Tz
± q. Á = 1k-5 .'" PT V2$G '4” :q-D !i"g !(*4SW ± <j *& q%
± (T e;*& 3b R T h";< O4 T hB& .hT :L ^T N S" Ë ²T D .
!^ SD .iR G = O .
i(R G 7K D . T sËN ^ OD <& K %” :q-D “
;<
C7 ( K h< J t( 4K -D .:K"C;T 5{D .hCG h
= $G&” :q-D “.^ !*>& ni"R S" K &
“.h"
W
“.V*G H
H P(G PGf ²
L ;K0 ” :q% :; !";< ^ ;W J( P< 30g Á& P<
0” :'4 q-D .'b 4 p< Lz !5& Ã:; !";< ^ ;W Â P< !"T& P< 32T Á& P<
q-D “. ± !G 'D& :; !";< ^ ;W ^ qS4 1T H'4 P(G G !^ qS4
qS4 q% Å .hz qS-0 x4 G “.h
W K<K 1k% !h=0” ::; !";< ^ ;W Â
M MN 5D I
K $
& :' -";D G p>& x
OG :
& M MN” ::; !";< ^ ;W ^
“. x
& ^ ;< C+& .h !5& 0
.="> !s; pG & sMN .P(Gf Gj x,<” ::; !";< ^ ;W ^ qS4 q% :q% I"W P<
. W ¥ t !TW& MN .! ="> M2D . 2C R ¥ !=TW& MN .PG; N H
j z d"
“.! ="> M2D
N 3b D1G J(G& '” :qS-0 :; !";< ^ ;W ^ qS4 1 :qS-0 30g J(T& P<
0” :qS-"D .!T4 p % `
K 0 :L < '";T K 1 Q '10 M& 4( 6 PG sMN .P0g,
?#20 ` 0 !T4 p$0 K "("D .!T4 p$0 8T % . C
4
K ;< % !MD
(@% _ :;$G) “.!< ^
Worth Reading
How creativity can be improved? Think outside the box. Read more:
http://www.mubashirnazir.org/PD/English/PE03-0013-Pineye.htm
Dear Reader!
Build Your Personality
In last lesson, you have studied the different types of
!"#*. In this lesson, we shall discuss a special type Our troubles are a test of patience for us.
Be patient! Allah shall reward for our
of !"#* which is called an allegory or a '")*. patience.
In all languages, one situation is compared to another situation. Each situation has certain components. Each
component of a situation has a similarity to a component of the other situation. When overall situation is
compared to the other situation, both are easily comparable to each. Read at the following example:
Test Yourself
Translate the following passages of the Quran and discuss the reason for comparison between two
situations as in the example. Read the context of these verses, if something is not clear.
Worth Reading
How to get rid of Frustration? The author has analyzed the
reasons of frustration and provided solutions to get rid of it. The
writing is in Urdu. http://www.mubashirnazir.org/ER/L0002-00-
Frustration.htm
Dear Reader!
Build Your Personality
In this lesson, we shall study some sermons of Pre-Islamic
& Islamic Era. It is very important to study this genre To avoid criticism, do nothing, say
because it is nearest to the genre of Quranic Surahs. nothing, be nothing.
Do you know? Ancient kings used to specify grazing land for the
cattle owned by the Government. Nobody was allowed to enter
his cattle into that protected area. This is called . in Arabic.
H
&L S0 !K C L k>
!(T J(D ^
y J(5W& (T :L2"(WL& !~ 0& :q-D ~ Ik7D $ 3 !";< %
:L !";< z P( H >Cz H & q( F( = T( :25N :L .!(G4( G P< J(g !(<kT '( 1 PG
K ( 0K PG 'b ";% !(T K 0R K 1 O sM{D .¦ ( # º P( "= -" ( = ;< !$5 P AC
SKD Kp < PG 9G MC k"# sMN !K < A& PG 9G ^ MN .p(RK4 ;< ! F < PG N !";<
J5{D .!T :L G & (T :2";< ^ :L < G hT SK$( 1.O( º ;< ( = T :2C<&
(G Sg .? ( 1K F( ,(1 ( G& P(G
C "()
+K
(M- +,<N) ?
( "(7T !K Kk>
.=1 $0 ´ PG oN g EO&C :L g<S D J(-G 9 ( x< ^ E5 :q-D G( PG ?"lT I kC >
P( Gf I ;% P";< ' ( 0
b !G !-D& Sg PG oN !-D '( G
_4K .! !K - D( !H -(D '( G(
_K D
M PG. !( 4 PG ML S2* :*S<O sMN .( <º ( KFL ( Gj (j ( " ^ ( '( 1 ¾
>N
"5 !g M PG .b ( 4 Jg "5K !K = *& !(;% J(D pK ( '1 !K ;C R ^ 9 C3>| !K g
.! I C G N "5K P(G !( *(B0 ´ .!( "= "< P "= T pK -CD '1 pG& ^y @ ED
(M- +,<N) $ 3 !";< ! k>
^ sMN & .3b S ;K
3b ( > "5K sMN &” :q-D ( 1 1T Ik> !5& x0& !( (kL >K PG
L D7G
n 4K P 1= 0 & .Q $ SL-* "5K SL-E*D MS;1* ?" a ( D "D :2L;( 7$G
;< 3H
N d ( # P(G ( * :C
IK kL 70 qF0 :C “.!K ;( < zN E.
C qC S-0 M& ~
(
“.G "D g :L2G( S0 P(G J -( T C N G "D "5 PG ( 0 ´ !5N” :q-D ? ( 1$
( A&
! SW & ! E®
& .p(G& ± ! 4 T !;R ! ^ 9 D a GN ! C * PD
pK -0 M& N xG( KG a D K0 & . xKG ¡JT( <& EK 0 & .! ET( & ! C %W &
.!K AC S & !K C "
K 70 Mb k;
:"= :2RCD P i(ASK0 s& P";< :2 .a
P( ";< :2 n-
:2";< :2($ sM& !~ 0&
:2 MC Uz& % ^ sM{D P ;1DC M {D .H #
T P "= *(B0 :2(5z{T N :2*S"T !K 5SKg( 2K* x
& P; >( K0
:L21CA& P "= ( 5 M( {D .
H EGK "= xTt
EPgK SKT( * 9( ( ± EPgK K, K * EPgK SL; ( 1* M&
1 ni"R P( $5j P 2 ;( 0 HM S< :< y $ 5N .
1fT PK*S$ PL%+4 :2";1D
. x"= > P(T SWS ( $ ± ^ S-*D .^ ( ( ;( 2C T( EPK KDL :K;C; ^
( ( 5GB(T EPgK SK*K>&
.R :; ;T 'g &
'g & .!(G d
H 5 I
( "CA P< sN !">& qC G ³
H G '
( 0 .3b S>N MSGf 5N !~ 0&
.R :s; ;T
:C !T :K*>& M N G :2"D
K * % J5{D ./
H 1T _
C%4( :2K1T _
K ( 0 x4UL 1T P 1(* D
.R :; ;T 'g & .^ ( _ :pK 1T S;
( *K
^ ( < :L2GK & ._
H *K P(G K O O| :2s; .a
:LT& sMN a
:2ET4 sMN !~ 0
.R :; ;T 'g .S- (T N 'b D J( , < ;< J(T1 d" .:LC-*&
.I
( K g# e ;( K";CD :q% .:15 S%
+K SK,0 b"W H 4 S +K SK,0 . ( "= f PG !K " 5 H 4 '( 2( : E$%C % ^ sMN !~ 0&
"= US * & !"T& ( "= oN <EO PG .2 K ,
.
C ( g( 1; w
( ( ; K CS .r
( ;L )L P(G H )C& J(D b "W
:2";< $ .qb <
a W !(G 'L -K0 .P="1=& ~ ( 2f ^ L 1 !";1D (!"C SG
.^ =
4
(1) It means that women have no responsibility more than that.
(2) It is a big issue. If a married woman commits adultery and gives birth to a child. It will become a dispute that the
child belongs to which father. According to these words, if it is not possible to associate a child with a specific
father, he will belong to the husband of that woman and the adulterer will be punished.
Rule of the Day! Sometimes, the word G is comes after a direction of space or time and before a
verb. It converts that verb into its 4 G. For example, Q G K 1= T (after its arrival), SK;( L G K 1= T
(after being offended) etc. This is called 04 f G.
K >&
.( g PG MC S& s& SK4j J5N : K ;% :K*z
. "= ^
( ;< 0 xg 4 x 4 K 1 MC S2" _ ( 1 ( 0 9G ( =
C 0 z
Sg 8( S PG h"N I
( &L .I a P= 20 D J("W (
z{D (2C ;L oN p( ( "T (-;0
.^
( F( ,
( 1KT(
$C 8 ( S PG h"N /K T& .Ia ( P= 20 D J("W 1E"t M N .h "(*
< ^ Jt4 ¾
H % J(T& PT ( 1$( < L E"W
(
!I H "gK (T K 1 !K 1 0 :q-D (@ 1( _ (
;< 1 pK EG& P "=
( ¾ H % J(T& PT 1 W
C "$
SK0 s' F< ^ sM{D .^ q( S4 I K
( W ^ q( S4 qL > 'C "(% M & ^ P(G h E5EK 0
~
K D .!( (<A N I a $
5 H
& P "= T !K "T d" Ö^ M{D .P( $ T C "$ SK0 !2 ( "E$(T
G MC SL4( K0 ( "D( 1T MSL;t( C0K pKO< :g :T4 ^ .¥ S ^ 8 ( z ± :K1"(t :KL 0R
pg K Gj !5{D !K G= F( D %C 4 D M& oN r C 1( TK L KG J( 0&4 Gj ( L 5D .( < kT p<
.P0(7 P(G L h ;C <
C (
<
= ( 4 * M N 0N .J(C <(
(1) Sa’ad Ibn Abi Waqas !< ^ Jt4 was a great companion of the Prophet :; !";< ^ ;W. He was a maternal uncle of
the Prophet. Caliph U’mar !< ^ Jt4 appointed him the Commander-In-Chief of the army attacking Iraq.
They are given higher
rank over others
MSL;t
( C0K Additional, non-
obligatory
n ;C D( 5 One who leaves behind ?
K ;( 7$KG
My exhortation J(C <( God-fearing xg 4 Testator J(WSKG
Attaching to it ®
( ( Stop bloodshed! Q GO P= -(
Cursers, those who curse P "= G( ER
It was outweighed against him !K %L S= L 0 One who obtains x;( ,$G Power 4( S
They hid themselves KF,
He blesses it !K D 0K Ability, power P( 2
M & pK K GK B0 @
( 1 ( K K "= G( & "S PT ( > oN I 2C D .!K 5( $0 H 2T (T& o& y Gj 'C 4BD
( # oN 4 $D .!( ( G jy xO G ( B# oN ! ES 0 K!C 5( !1G C >K B0 M & 1T p(K ;< ? ;( 7$0
s' 'C *C% !L% a > US D .( K;( xO G u
H ",T( MC gT 'C W
zN MC SL-0(GK :Kg V;$f CD
u( "º P(G b %D s' = G O G x15 ,0 'C - g sM& a > C& D .P 0(5($GK !( ( +{(T P(G H "= G&
:q% !";< & ^ (D :kC > Q Gj 9 , D .a "= G& C
.:2(; 1 T( ^
Q K0(4&L :LO ( SK ;( >& .JK K 7C !"D (0 .^ ( 0& P(G S" g sMN
hz M{D .4H # (5 H 5K$* ;< H "(1* H C5 ;< xGSC% SL;*(-* .pK 1T G ! S0 g sM{D
:C "D SL;( <D . g P "= T :2"T qb
:2K;(< :K ;C 10 S :L( 4 P(G sMN .J(0 ' ( 0K
.!K KE
G :2" P(G C& !5& MC * T !T KG *K
“& D 8
( D” : S%
.:L21 ( ML S20 M T : ;( < S .K ( " 5& 0 S gK N ) 10 :C H 2T T& sMN :q%
- .:(gO( G& P(G P "= #; 9K C 5& :"# ( C % G( V ;$f ;< R & !"D :K5& sMN
¬
K -( 0 .M( ;K P(G H ;C T( :2(G 'H 4 s' O D& C-D !^ !^D .:2"T = %C DC "5 sM&
K ;<
:2K -( 0 :2(1T "= G( B* sMN .! SK5 O M& !";< pK0(F0 .OSº ( G &L P(G H
j MC O sM& !(G
.^ q( S4 ( ";> (< ^ <
q F * :C S" :(%> oN :Kg5OO4 MN .p1T G ! a S0 g . LBE" * % ( g M{D S;L g
>| S" K 1T ";< P= 2";D .3C 4G6 4 ( 1;D S;L D .g1T `
= ;C 5 :C 5SKGF g M N .:KgOK 5
“. S" K EGBC*& J(5SK<O :2s; K EGB0
HC 1T x >|
.H ( =0Fg ER ( 0=F(T L 1%S
( 5 pKEGBD
They became ready LBE" * Being lazy K ( " In front of him !( ( +N
We decide the matter 4 ( 1;D He submitted MC O Supporting each other P 0(5($GK
J;(g, ( 1 ± 0WS I
K kL 7
K
1 L PT I
( 1C L kK>
PT Í P< J" ;A PT Í P< T+ PT P$. PT Í 0A PG :"15 ST& 4
9K ,0 J(; 9( T($ ,
Sg PT I1 M :q% ; Á& P< 4. PT :"g TN
:qS-"D :k7"D CTK1K !K "E$
*K u
a 0%
= 5 (1 K ,
K S0 !GS%
aOG( } K 4j aW 4a (5 a 'b " . S* S* SK;C 1* Ss;1* SK< SK1=
.:2C S
& SK;( W& :2G
4& SL;( D .H T oN hz s' .P0(>| MSLj .Oa *& qL º
:L2G
SK0+ .MSS-* G
a (> PC .:2GG& 4K . # ( 5K x"G & 9 4 h;C g PG :K0&4 'D
:q% Å .:a 0= Ja (5 !(G
K K 7" .:a "< Bb5 ! J(*B"$D .pSL%4( * !T SL2$ * pSK<
gK0(G gS;L
K ";< ¥ S ....
H O( S
a KW
K
gK"= > n%KW
K x4>& K (7K"D ..... H KG J( J(*B0 H ; ;<
.x5K> E
J(* 3C ="#1 P "=
!( *(S<O ³
K S =DC a g( R !J(" 0 :q% :L
(1) He was the seventh grandfather of the Holy Prophet :; !";< ^ ;W. His period is estimated to be around 350CE.
If this sermon is correctly associated to him, it indicates that the people of Quraish were at the right path of
Abrahamic faith during his age. They used to perform the Friday Prayer and bear the news about the Prophet were
available to them.
Returning
a KW
K Both of them return M( TSLi0 They comprehended SK<
Supporter S
= DC He returned TEBC* Quiet
a
Disappointment x5K> Abundant J(D Time of earning
a W
Under veil/cover 4K SKK Bitter K 0(G
= TCA x(G h
5& .x7G( R x>z( T x1"(GK x1= W
x1"D4 ¢ G h U;
& !h(; 0& o1* ^ sMN
5BD .PH A( SG I"A& MH 1G & J(D !K<D $ T !L;W& C !KG SL 8
= EF< !KG 4&
gKOS< .OK C-* !T L2;G .I ( 7K* !T K1"T4 _ ( 1 ~ K &4 P( 1C; K "T&
.?H ; K "= > h L ;C .OK 1 BL,
;0 !"N L;-( 1G .OK 1( !";<
0& P5 .!K C ; 5& PG 'C K 70 P !C;> 5& PG h
;( K0 P .? H ;> K "= > :g1T 5&
_( C2 ? ( #2T h ,
T=& h"N = 7
R& .!("T ( 5 !( (EGz( ^ (
'L g& !h;f
.( C+( D ( iC( K D PK D .
DC
C ,
0=> 3( "$
( T q( S
( + J(D I
H A J(T& L k>
:q-D < ^ Jt4 ,0=> 3"$T :; !";< ^ ;W J( + P "=
I
H A ST& I
k>
xSK,G x"T xG
x;T '1 'C "<Ù ( E04( zL : "g TN
( 4+ P(G ;C 1 ^ K .
sN uH 0% PG xD !T ML +( S0K PG J(>& PK T ^ ( < PT KG sMN :L .~ ( ;< 2 C;1
U'C qL 5{D §'%C q( J(D M MN . n K5 x,G -< xGC n D T( !";< ` 4
P G( :K
& G hz 'L )(G .!"D C b 4 ( ;C 0S>K
K T C ,=0> J(D ! .L 1 $KG L 04( < ' +
.EJ;C 1 D (@ (
(1) He was the uncle of the Prophet who raised him after death of his parents. He died in 620CE.
Do you know?
U’kkaz was a temporary market and festival near Taif held immediately after Hajj. It is situated
near the Taif Airport in Saudi Arabia. Its site still hosts a festival & market.
Dear Reader!
Build Your Personality
In previous lessons, we have studied the !"#*. We
Out all actions are being recorded. Be
have learnt that persons, things and situations are careful.
compared with other ones on similar grounds.
A word is normally used in the meaning for which the word is created. It is called -"-
or the literal
meanings. In all languages, a word can also be used in some meanings other than it literal meanings. It is
called +a ,G . For example
a & a 0+ (Zaid is a lion). Definitely, a man cannot be a lion. Here the speaker has
described Zaid as a lion due to his bravery. The word & (lion) is not used in its literal meanings. It is used
in its figurative meanings which is called +Û. See the following examples:
(39:7 G+) .
H C 8
H ;L L J(D H ; > ( 1= T P= G( n-;> := 2L *(EG&L M( SLkTK J(D := 2L -L ;L 7
= 0
He creates you in different phases in the wombs of your mothers in three-fold darkness.
(6:97 15j ) .(
= 8
( ;L L J(D T( K= ( SK, := 2L C 'C 1 (U S gK
He is the One Who has made stars, so that you can find your way in the darkness of land and sea.
In the first verse, the word 8; (darkness) is used in its literal meaning. There is a real darkness in
mothers’ wombs.
In the second verse, the objective of revealing the Quran to the Prophet :; ! !";< ^ ;W is described as “to
bring people out of darkness and guide them towards the light”. Here the words, 4S5 8; (darkness &
light) are not used in their literal meaning. The darkness discussed in this verse is not the real darkness. The
moral filth and deviation from the right path is described as “the darkness”. Similarly the guidance towards
the right path is described as “the light”. The reason of using these words for the “deviation & guidance” is
the similarity between darkness and deviation and that between light and guidance.
In the third verse, the word 8; (darkness) is used in both literal and figurative meanings. The darkness of
land and sea while traveling may be real. It may also be figurative e.g. the risk of being deviated from the
road due to lack of knowledge. So the “lack of knowledge” is described as “darkness”.
Rule of the Day: The word E5N is used to limit something within the parameters defined after it.
The word S is used to describe a hypothetical condition. Part of the sentence after it is called
¦R (condition) while the other part is called ¦R _
K S (reply of the condition).
• +( , °: The word used in figurative or non-literal meaning. For example, the word 8; in second
and third verse.
• +, 1f : The non-literal meaning. For example, the word 8; is used to describe ‘deviation’ or
‘lack of knowledge’.
• I
a $ : There must be valid reason for using the word in in its figural meaning +,fC 1f . There is a
great similarity between a person wandering in a real darkness and one wandering on a path deviated
from morality. So the speaker can use this word for figurative meaning.
• C%(1 : It is the relationship between +( , ° and +,fC 1 . Usually this relationship becomes the
reason for using that word in figurative meaning. The relationship of darkness and deviation is described.
• 0C- : There should be a something e.g. another word or phrase in the same sentence which indicates that
the word is not used in its literal meaning. It may be either described in words or something hidden. For
example, in second verse, the phrase ( "(
F( 0(F1 ¦
( W
( CN( (towards the way of The Most Powerful, The
Praiseworthy) indicates that 4S5 8; (darkness & light) are not used in their literal meanings. This
phrase is the 0% of this verse. Another hidden 0% is that it is not the responsibility of a prophet to bring
people out of physical darkness and arrange physical lightening for them. Obviously, the Prophet is
responsible to bring people out of intellectual and moral darkness and guide them towards the light of the
morally right path.
In order to understand a word in its figurative meaning, there are two conditions:
• There must be a valid reason I and a 0%, for taking a word in its figurative meaning.
• There must be examples available in the Arabic literature of the time when the Quran was revealed for
use of that word in its non-literal meaning. It is essential to see whether Arabs at the time of revelation of
Quran used to use that word in its metaphorical meaning or not. The Quran was revealed in their
language. If they were not using the metaphorical meaning of a word in their standard language, it is not
possible that the Quran has used that word in its non-literal meaning because the Quran is the benchmark
for their language.
Do you know?
In past, various sects have misused the concept of +Û to make their desired amendments in the meaning
of Quran. They claimed without a reasonable base that the entire Quran is allegorical and its words are
used in metaphorical meanings. For example, Bataniyyah – a famous sect of middle ages – misused this
concept by associating those meanings to certain religious terms which had never been used by the
Arabs. 3S;W (prayer) means visiting their religious leader, SW (fasting) means abstaining from the acts
forbidden by their religious leader, ®
(pilgrimage) means attending the annual gathering of their sect,
3S+ (mandatory charity) means paying a portion to their wealth to their religious leader etc.
A word can be used in its figurative meanings due to difference reasons. For example:
• Two items have a cause-effect relationship. An item is the reason for other. So the word used for one can
also be used for the other. For example, n%=+4( ( E$ P
= G( := 2L C qL F0K (He brought down the sustenance for you
from the sky). Here the word n%=+4( (sustenance) is used for the ‘rain’ because it is the cause for the real
sustenance that is agricultural produce.
• An item is the part of other. So the word used for the part can also be used to describe the whole entity
and sometimes the whole entity is used to describe a part. For example, H G( = GK H %C 4 K 0(
= DC BnkC > n(G= GK 'C %C P= G
(Whoever kills a Muslim by mistake, he should manumit the neck of a Muslim slave). Here the word %4
(neck) is used for the ‘entire personality’ of a slave because it is an important part of his body. Similarly,
in :
= ( 5( Cz J(D := K 1 T(W&C MC SL;1 ,
= 0 (They put their fingers in their ears). Here the word 9TW& (fingers) is used for
the ‘fingertips’ because it is a part of finger.
• An item is an unbreakable relation to another item. The words used for one of them can be used for the
other. For example S 9
;C AC (The light rose). Here the word S (light) is used for the ‘sun’ because
both of them have an integral relationship.
• The word to describe an instrument to do something can also be used for that task. For example, := K C ; 1
@
H = W
( MC $( (We made them praiseworthy). Here the word M$ (tongue) is used for the ‘praiseworthy’
because the tongue is used to praise someone.
• A general word is used to describe a specific thing and a specific word is used to describe as a specific
thing. For example :
= gK S= #
>= CD := 2L C SK1 = %C ~
E UMN( ~
K E := K C qC C% P 0(U (Those to whom people said,
“Definitely, people have gathered against you. So be afraid of them”). Here the word ~ (human
beings) is not used to describe the entire humanity. Here, specific people are under discussion who
gathered and who said this statement. Due to not understanding this principle, some Quranic instructions
related to a specific incident are generalized or vice versa.
• Words used to describe a past or future situation are also used to describe the present situation of the same
person. For example
C2 SK;C T CzN( ..:= K C SG= &C G" SK* (Give the orphan children their wealth when they
reach at maturity age). Here the word G" (orphan children) is used for the grown-up men or women.
The literal meaning of this word are specific to orphan children but it is used for the grown-up men or
women who were orphans during their childhood.
• Sometimes, words used for the '<D are also used for the qS1G, and vice versa. Similarly, words used for
both qS1G '<D are also used as 4 G, and vice versa. For example x4SK$G xT,
(The hidden veil).
Here the word 4S$G (hidden) is used for the ‘hiding’. The correct translation is ‘the hiding veil’.
Test Yourself
Translate the following passages of the Quran and analyze the components of +Û as given in the example.
Read the context of these verses, if something is not clear.
0%
0%
°
J-"-
Ò1G n 4( 3n S >= N( SK5C M N(
+Û Ò1G °
'L ) G( ( C U;(;DC $5(
%< (4:176) P ( "= ")C5yj
0%
°
J-"-
Ò1G UN( : 0= G PK T= `K "($ G
!( ;( = %C P= G(
= ;C > = %C qb SK4
+Û Ò1G
5C b -C 0W ( !K G&L 'L K
%< (5:75) G1Uk M ( LB 0
0%
Worth Reading
Suspicion is the major reason for our disputes. How to avoid the suspicion?
http://www.mubashirnazir.org/PD/English/PE02-0007-Suspicion.htm
Dear Reader!
Build Your Personality
In this lesson, we shall study an interesting writing of
famous scholar Abu Hamid Al-Ghazali (d. 505H/1111CE). Creativity is a type of learning process
He was a great psychologist. This writing contains the where the teacher and pupil are
religious aspect of psychology. Its contents are valid today. located in the same individual.
K W&
( ;1 P04f PG :qj ?
:@
a D( :G M4f
oj %
- * SL; g= & (T S;R "D SL-E1 * ( ";-1 ( "<# S;1 = C2
& C :G %D
.MH 2T( ^ (< :5& SK :(;1T D (8<k G FN W1f P< C (
4( S,
( ;l (D 'L -0 :";< 'L -0 'T :C;)G o1* ^ _ K 1 0K x;G :( ;1 PG SK;T % :5&
S;< 3( =" P( "= 1 T( 5 S :5{D MC K4KG Sg .:g0k> :(T(S5(T :K(kK0 :< CR
:M;< : ;1 sM&
.;G1G :;< (1)
.R2G :;< (2)
3C OS -f C 2. : ( ( ;G1f :( ;< PG ETK .!(* T o1* ^T :K ;1 Sg R2f :;<
.3( O SK ( G SGK f ~
( @
( >& ( D1G ( . q( . ( D1(T K:;1 g
)) %
:((,
= 1K ( :5& sN ( # !( P(G b GSGG 5& S;< .@ >j p( ( g SK;( < >L& b %D
S1 !T (;0 5N .hT :("(;0 M & P(G ^ < 9K DC 4& :5& .MC S2( KG :5& MC SL 0 :($L 5BT
.:"(;0 M& P(G ^ < :K C <& :5{D :g GBD .:( ;1 (D :K ;C G eC ;C T PG MC KO
d" hz SK :5& :gK4 .
#
ES;L 1K SK;A .( 0( 2( 'L 0(7G :";< 8
= C D
.!(T d
";TN ( CD P< S; .P( 0( 3L 5K (:;(1
( #( 4K N P0( F<( SKg 5N . x2C *
9( t
( S* P< S; P0D2 : C 4& z(T .5 Cz( :s; !";< ^ s;W J( 3L 5K
^ t4 K <K I *(SK<
:(2( $G :(g( -CD :(;( C * P="1=& :";< ^ M St4 ( T
.p=" (D 3C F1 I
K ;( k5 .( 6T ^ 5EF< a S% 5N :q-D ( # oN !(G% (< !( *(zC CT( (D !<
G .!CDR P( 0 F(< I K ;k0 !5& :K < F0 .( 1"D _( ")((T P( 0; EF1( I
K ;k0 4K f g :L
hz sM& !($(T PL0 :C !(G P(G in"R !";< EO4 P"(D & !( 5( %& (D ( $. (D ML $; ;C A&
S !5{D .4a G Cg .!( ( ;L !(5 K< (D '( k( K ;< ¡O4 ; Ia Sg 5N :qS-0 .a $
< I K & M N . K 0 T4 'T =I 0 :C ET4K !(5 %& P(G ( ;1 P(G p("= J(D P 1 AC
M S !5j ¥ gK Sg . ;7 "(D&L M& !T (tC :qS-0 :K ;1 K 0 T4 .!K ( 0K !5BT ~
(
.!L%SD & !L;)G Sg P(G p("= ( 0 ;< :(
( W I
( j ( ;l W !Kt
9 C 5& M& (t 5N :q% hz P< 'C i(K z{D .!";< ()K0 !"N OK OS 0 M( k;$ ;< 'L >0 Ý4
( 0 ;< zN !T ( DC hz !t M S .4a G Sg .4 :< 9 D4& M & .V;$f
.I
K
( 0 H
& (D 9K C #0 M( k;$ < !L;)G Sg PG C&4 S p("=
Untidiness, slovenliness 3Cz CT( Ideas, thinking 'L 0(7G Self-importance, pride I
( ,
= <K
He seeks love OK OS 0 He forced : C 4& Those who abstain MC S2( KG
He was reproached I
*(SK< Common people S1
Sg !K h
(G qb G g :ML k"# ! q% a
!5& !(T kC > M {D :( SG& PG C > & T4
:g
& :8 H $"(;* L pg .P( 0 K ES%C hT :K(< V ;$f K GN 5& P "= ;$f `
( ( (
.GN !5& :r) .V;$f ` ( ( ( !5& :Þ) .! hG qb G !5&
:$ !";< $"(< qL S% :!L;)G .( T ( "5j "5K P< } <& PG sN xGGN ML S20 'g
oN ¬
K ;L 70 Q K K * g Q _
K ( #* g D (O S (D = 1 %C 3( 7 C y S$ :K (1
.!K 5SK;( 0K (G )& g K $( K0 G .3b ) :( ;1 '( g& 4(
K W& . ( 4F
1T %
(W1f g SK .8 ( <CkT gSKE0+ 4 Sº KK AC : ;(1 SK2C
>L& b %(D
.S;L 1K I
( ;A ( -L K ( 2( ( $ ( 0 P(G I ( ;- 8 (W d ( @ >& KU-C *
z N MC 4G :2 .( E0S( -C ( ";( ,
TG I
( ;- P(G SK1;C %C G (D :2$5& g
:;D ./ C E@O G d ( ( > 0> (Mk"# ( 0(2G 0C>( P(G 0-T I ( ;C- 0 + (D C-T
.gSL; g= & C SKk( 0
sN !K 1 ;C -C D u
H "#
'( P< u DC .!";< 4 D u
( "(#
P(G ( 4F ( "-( * K 0K0 PG (') :L)G
'C C C ;D + T % 'C 2 sM& EPC } ( 4j ( * P(G 1T !K &4 = K 70 :C < u = (0 :C !5&
( ;l ( kC C7GK SL * T4 . KE" * KE"C M N g . K 4F !";< 8 = $ D& 8 = C <
K L 0 Ci( !( ( 5 P( "= $
( * (D :1T K ( ,0 T4 .3( 4 C-
( P( "= 1 T( :"N 5 T4 . x42(
.( C C P( "= 1(T !"N
Face the Challenge!
What is +,G? Identify its five components. Identify three examples of +Û is this lesson.
$Gl %
8GSK l L 8 ( GSL2. L × C ( S;< ;< K % .S;1 P(G E:( K S* >& %D
:pK SE .!( "- : SK E > .u( 0(1 `
( ( ( ( ;l VT ( 04( º ( 0S( "5K 8
( G1f 'L " *
.I
( g f :K ;(< !K "-
MC $; SKK 0 :C
4 Sº KU-C 0 :C ( A 3( g q( <j : ;< hz 9G SK1E"t T4
´ .4 Sº h P "= A$ oN (1$ P< 'C = ( ( P< P( kC ("( P(G
.82;f $. 0 c2 P< :TS;% S0
( "
6 (D !(< !K 8 K z % '( 1 r L "
PG :KgK
:P( "= PG M4G g
& !=;C 10 ´ ( C2. L PG Q :C;1* / ( 0f '( ) :C)G sM& .(Ë F _ :S;1 )
SL;( RD .";( 7* :( $
( 5& C "( F* S* :5& r"
( ;< MC SLD( #KG g .!K ; 10
:KgEC 5N ."D :Kg4 <& SK1E"t .1M( 1;( 4( ( (< 8
( 0( / ( " _ ( 2T
zN .!(
W × H
' PK 1 k0 .x"(KG x"t% :g(
& K S4 :KG N :C ( ;l :K "1*
.P 1Ck qC + S1
K ,f 5N .'L W ( SK (,K !5& hT N : ;< !5& :( hz :( ;1 r L "
PG :Þ)
:b !K KD1G ^ L D1G K U- * P(T .!( (DC ( 1T( sN o1* ^ I
4K ES 0 .^ ( I
K 'L WSf
O( F 9( "T ;< % PG qb )G g qL )G .q( 1Dj L D1G (8 L D1G (8 L D1G
3( ( F ( D( ES7 K !(*W ( D1G o1* ^ ( P< !K - Sg ! - sM& := ;10 ´ .2 ( 0A (D
b C (CA := K = G( H %C = D( 'L P= G( C 5 =SC” :o1* q% S- K +( K0 .
S7 I K ;- 1 #$"(
“.P( 0 J(D SKU-C "(
(1) All of them are different areas of Jurisprudence. They are the law of: menstruation, blood money, legal claims,
oath to not cohabitate with one’s spouse, and oaths to get acquittal from legal charge if a person charges his/her
spouse for adultery. See details in the book of Islamic Jurisprudence.
(2) A person who performs legal religious services but does not develop fear and love of God in his heart is like a
person participates in a pilgrimage but limit himself to selling goods instead of performing the pilgrimage.
So that it feels 1 #$"( Near to, superintendent MC SLD( #KG Disputes 8GSK l
L
1T$ %
( (
( Sl PG :I ( ;C- 8
( W d ( @
( >& (D :K U;2C 0 PG C E"(5 :Kg<& .°
( <ST S;R
MS0 :5j M4G :g .@ ( ( ¾( >6 P( "= -" ( gKF '( S ( 2# ( =
N < MC S2C KG :g .(T SL E* -D "N ;l S<O .8 ( p(T SKU;2C * zN :($5BT
:($5BT MC SK,
( 1K0 :5j 4( ~K & :gK4 .P "= ;$f K S< !< hC 0 H "= $0 4H % P<
._
( ,<6 L 0
:C 4a SG :5& o1* ^ < P "= ( P(G :Kg N ( E
K :( ;< × KE* G :5& MS0
MS0 :5j :L;% M P(G x4 R& g '( 1 P(G :g(OSL;>K 9G O( gFK ( 2 :((T
1 .MC S ;7KG :g N ¾ ( >6 ( %O ( "-* ;< K4% G .!(S4 ^ × MC SK(K0 :5&
× I
& :g .8 ( 9" h .MC SKgFGK < :Kg N d ( _
( SK"<K 0k> ;< SL%C
."D :(4 3( S% "5 ;< :(W
3( # "5 × gF MC K( K0 .H
& '( PG "5
MSDSK70 .MC 4CD !(G :g ^ oN Q < M0 .P "= ;7KG =" :g ¾ ( >6 ;< MC S)( 0
.M<KG !G :g o1* ^ oN MST-0 .MC SK5 ! :g ^T M0 .MC SKG( !(G :g ^T
.MC SL( EGK (T :g C GSGf 8
MSKG 0
MSK<0 ( :($(,G P< SK1G S .xW(
:KgR& ( ;l ;< :g ( ;l P< ~ MSLD( 0
S .( ;l K WN :t M& MSK < F0 =
( 4 (T }
K 4j :";< = %C ^
( oN ~ "D
S . x$
C 8
C !( 00 ;< SK;C W
PG !";< K ;l 'C %& P(G :KgK
& !(5 %& P(G C
:K <& D .!"N o1* ^ ( ;> / K T& M2 !(5 %& / ( 1T ;< !"N P 0(OO( K P(G a
&
.O( $
oN ( SKK !( "( P( < :gK1T& x4 ~
(1) This style of exception has double negation which gives a positive meaning. The meaning of these sentences will
be: “If they were sincere, then they were able to search for the fine details of sincerity. They were only able to stop
and ponder into the weaknesses of personality if they had avoided them.”
G) %
PG N b UDC M( GF g '( g& Ú
b <( :g °
( <S × I ( S ® ( f P< SL < :G >& %D
x;CA q( 1 ( # M( S5% P< H 4( > 8 H ;( C ( "(;T S;RD .o1* 4* ^ !K <
._
( ß
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Do you know? You can conceive the situation mentioned by the author if you’ve visited the
congregations of the orators. In such sermons, the speakers try to instigate the emotions of their audience.
They fabricate sentences in rhymed style in an artificial manner. They frequently use poetry even with
vulgar poems. They try to describe points which are far away from logic and wisdom to fire the emotions
of audience up. People start sobbing, weeping and screaming during the sermon. Some people even start
vibrating and dancing in an unconscious manner due to their fired up emotions. The author is indicating
that sort of preaching congregations.
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(1) The author has indicated the problem of people who focus too much on the rituals of worship and ignore the
practical matters of life. They continue to perform “Wudu” due to their dissatisfaction but they ignore the big
directives of Shari’ah about earning by lawful meanings. They are very careful about non-obligatory things but
ignore the obligatory matters. Similar situation is mentioned by the Prophet Jesus $ 3S; !";< in his famous
Sermon of Mount.
(2) Islamic teachings are very relaxed and Islam does not like being doubtful for minor things. Caliph U’mar
performed Wudu from a jar of Christians when he visited Jerusalem.
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(1) It is practice of ascetic people that they prefer loneliness and spend their entire time in worshipping Allah. The
Prophet :; !";< ^ ;W forbade that and directed to give full rights of one’s family. Such people also ignore other
important directives of Islam.
It contented
= 1 (%C He gives `
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He put pressure O ER It became ascetic (left
worldly desires)
8
= g( + Two walls (Makkah
& Madina)
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He is near to ;<
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Learning lesson Ú
L 1* Nullifying (destroying)
b (KG Biting him (by snake) !( (C C
He breathes (to show
impact of fear)
K ( 0 It blazes ®
( ( * Starving 9( 0(S,*
"5) L %
t( _") 3( zC CT( × y % ";< I 1K W zN .4 × g ;< 8 = O O+ >& %D
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3( O ,$
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1.P
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.@
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S 'C g& EPC T4
)) %
× ( G+f q( SKWSK 8G-f 3( + ,GK . 3( g#GK ( C R C2K : ;<
= < EO >& %D
P(G K ;C 0K .:( 6 °
( ;T !"N 'C W
.hz
Do you know? The objective of Sufism is to observe the reality of God and the universe by the internal
eyes. They have assumed certain points for the person who is in the journey of discovery of God. They
perform a lot of hard spiritual exercises for that. Islam forbade such practices. But the Muslims Sufis
adopted such practices from Christian, Zoroastrian and Hindu Mysticism. According to the Quran,
nobody can observe God in this world.
Ghazali also describes that there are certain Sufis who do not know anything about the spiritual journey
but they look with disdain at religious scholars and consider them MSTS,Í i.e. behind the veil from the
divine reality.
Thieves ¾
( SK ;L Parchment 8
( 1Ös% K Silk EF7
Their scandals :((DC Apron, napkin ¦
( S A special type of
silk, very expensive
: $
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!
sD K "( s sM&
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n CD ( 4O( + P( "= 1T ( ;1
1T$ %
MS-10 K4W .(TS"< PG d ( "= k* @>j I ( 0* 3( g,T
= ;R >& %D
9" × :D .:C n D
x;< (< > D1G d ( _( S"< P< r C 7*D ."D
× g :MSS-"D .(*D × 2 ( "%O ¦ ( d _ ( S"< P< ¬ ( T MC S;#0 q( S
j
hz × SK1E"t .H $ E;C KG 8
H ;2T "D MS;#0 .I H "< "< !(5S × L ; .I a "< d (
8
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.®. P< !( (K0 :C hz .®. 0A h = ;( $0 ´ .!(-( S< ®
G) %
s;2D .D1f _
K ST& :C = C 5 .0k SL;K L& T .*f pg 8 = + >& b %D
:KTS;%
= -s;1D .K ( :K,
<& .(T SK
( D G SK, ( 1K* b
( 4 ( D1f ³
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!( 5( "G _
K T C& D .h
H ;( G ;< % PG qL )G !)G .( -f oN qL SWS E
.pk> 8 = %C (T
"N K L 0 ?%SD .C;)G &4 .hz 'C % g4 % P= 20 ´ .4a S5& 4a g+& "D b t4
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5D h
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Worth Reading
What is ostentation and what is its impact on the personality of a
person? What will be the impact of ostentation on the Deeds Account of
a person in the real life i.e. Hereafter? Read in English.
http://www.mubashirnazir.org/PD/English/PE02-0002-Ostentation.htm
Dear Reader!
Build Your Personality
In previous lessons, we have studied the+Û !"#*.
Analyzing things in a one-sided way is
We have learnt how the words are used in different biasness. Islam requires us to be unbiased
meanings in Arabic. Some additional forms of such
even with our enemies.
use are as follows:
341T +,G
341T +Û is a special type of +Û in which , a word is used in replacement of other. We borrow a word
or phrase to use it in another meaning. The condition is that a similarity must exist between the literal and
metaphorical meanings. For example (
4 CfT a & Q (A lion came at the school). Here the word & (lion)
is an 341 for a brave man. The correct translation will be, “A brave man came at the school.”
The word ‘lion’ is borrowed to describe a ‘brave man’ due to perceived bravery of a lion. The similarity may
not be the real one. It may be perceived by the native people. In this example, the lion is considered brave by
the native people whereas it is not brave as per modern zoological research. Based on their perception, the
native people started using this word to describe their brave people. Similarly, the moon is used in different
languages as an 341 for ‘beauty’. Therefore, an 341 my be correct from the linguistic perspective but
may be wrong in the reality.
The above mentioned rule is applicable to all languages. In all languages, we use the sentence, “The sun
rises.” It is against the scientific reality that the sun does not rise. It is a region of the earth which comes in
front of the sun. Therefore, we should always understand the Quranic 341 by its linguistic use. It is a
wrong approach to interpret the Quranic 341 by applying scientific research on it. Another wrong
approach is to deny the concept of 341 , and start interpreting each word in its literal meaning. In above
mentioned example, a person with such approach will think a real lion came to the school.
Sometimes, an 341 becomes so common in use that people ignore the literal meaning of a word. For
example J-GK (a careful person) is used to describe “a God-fearing person” because he / she is careful about
the behavior required by God. It is rarely used in its literal meaning. Similarly the word a ( D (one who
disconnects) is used to describe “a sinner” because he / she disconnects the relationship with God. It is also
rarely used in its literal meaning.
The 341 is different from !"#*. In !"#*, both items under comparison are described in clear words. For
example ( j a 0+ (Zaid is like a lion) is a !"#*. On the contrary a & a 0+ (Zaid is a lion) is an 341 .
341 is considered more powerful than the !"#*, because it results in making a picture in the mind of the
audience.
Worth Reading!
How to get rid of poverty? Is there any shortcut available?
http://www.mubashirnazir.org/PD/English/PE03-0004-Poverty.htm
Test Yourself
Translate the following passages of the Quran and analyze the components of 341 as given in the
example. Read the context of these verses, if something is not clear.
°
J-"-
Ò1G E
H
&C P= G( M( ;1 0K G
+Û Ò1G CD b = D( PK
= 5 E5N( SL-0
:$% (2:102) = L 2 *
0%
°
J-"-
Ò1G
MC SLQ $* (U ! U; SL-E*
+Û Ò1G
(4:1)
4= j
Q !( T(
:$%
0%
0%
0%
°
J-"-
Ò1G 5( %C = G P= G( )C1 T P= G ;C 0= 0
+Û Ò1G @
W PK
= E < G Cg
:$% (36:52) M C SL; = K
0%
°
J-"-
Ò1G
y #0 P= ( @
+=
L$K = 0 !K U;
+Û Ò1G
(29:62) p( O( <( P= G(
:$%
0%
°
J-"-
Ò1G P= G( qC EF5 P= G := K BC P= i(C
+Û Ò1G
}
4= jQ !( T( "
= BCDC G ( E$
!K U; EPLSL-"C *(S= G ( 1= T P= G(
:$% (29:63)
0%
Rule of the Day! In order to express sickness, the words !( T( hT( J(T
are used e.g. x< W
K J(T (I’m suffering with a pain), qb 1K h T( (you’re
suffering with cough) etc.
Dear Reader!
Build Your Personality
In this lesson, we shall study the language used in
When one door of happiness closes,
evaluation of Hadith & its narrators. We’ll study excerpts
from the famous book "1 ;$;$ of J(5 P0 W5 another opens; but often we look so
long at the closed door that we do
(d. 1999CE). We’ve selected those Ahadith in this lesson
not see the one which has been
which are commonly described in people but they are
actually either unauthentic ?"1t or fake StSG.
opened for us.
M & :"-(DG ;< a
p(O< P(G y #0 PG( :(T :K -( 0 !(t4& ± ^ ¦
L S 1( # 'L g& Ï 13
.xg x N S*SK0 .:"(GG ;< K 0
P< :;$G PT "S P< :P="-C 0A P(G (4163) “="2 :( ,
1K ” ± 2 J(5 =k !>& .?"1t
^ qS4 I
(
W j h*D PT ¤> P< !"T& P< d;
PT 3$"G PT _S0& PT Í
.pD :qS-0 :; !";< ^ ;W ^ qL S4 9 ( !5& :; !";< ^ ;W
± ! 'H D ± 3 ""* PT 6 K "R !T E®
h !s;1 ( pKg aON g
:P="s;< ! sM{D `
H " T d" (!*OS$G PG 1 / 259 @) “# 'D”
P< :"S q% zN :“M F"f ” ± J(g q% .( 0S( $ d "* d K 0K !5{D ( "S 4 L 1= 1 = < :oj
b E,
K SD
: q% z{D .P "= T( s P< ds0 !5j H 1(T d";D < +j P< & ®0 PT
.5 ( 0S$ d ( " K "= ) !2 b - Sg : “I0- ” ± °D. q%
;< nDS%SG !T _S0& PT Í
:q% 4> PT :)"g nDS%SG p 4 C-D .6 ?
K %S :>yj
.:=0>
(1) It seems that zealous people of Syria fabricated this Hadith to show their priority over the people of Iraq during
their historical conflict. (2) Tabarani (d. 360H) is a famous Hadith expert. He wrote a great collection of Hadith
called 2 :,1f . (3) Ibn Taimiyah (d. 728H) is a famous scholar of Syria.
(4) 1< is a Hadith which is narrated by saying the word P<. This is a general word which does not specify that the
narrator is taken the Hadith directly from the next narrator or there is a missing link between the two narrators. (5)
d"* means hiding the name of an unreliable narrator by using general words like P<. 0S$* means leveling the chain
by omitting unreliable narrators in a way that it is difficult to find. These techniques are used to make a chain of
narrators acceptable. If a person is famous for d"*, the Ahadith described by him by using the word P< are not
accepted because it seems that he is trying to hide the names of certain narrators. (6) ?%S means that the link is
broken at a specific person.
.h d" a SDG !5& ""* PK T : g & `"W pK (498 / 3) =
& !>&
x<SDG J5( k p 4 : q% (63 / 4) “I"g I" ” ± 4( C K pK O 4 & rL 0.
.8- K* 4 _ S !s;1 nDS%SG =
&
1“.J(2K0 Sg 4 '>O h
K
( 0 Sg I
5z& PG” – 17
:"g TN ST&
_S0& PT < :0A PG (96 / 4) 0& 2:"15 ST& !>& .StSG
.-f pO{T 2#" O0+ PT Í
MK
!K
4R :q% “ 9Gº ” !T 0& JAS"$ (T O ES ½ r0O
j PG Sg
.M
PK T !K
E : J(g q% _S0& PT 3< !"D :f
± '.D “!5$” “M F"f ” ± J(k%4 pg 4J(5FK !5& K g g K < :
K ;%
åFf ^ < PT 2T P< ( 185 / 6 ) 5“";. ” ± !K0&4 :L . o& 2#" ;< r0.
. 0& _ s2 g r
L 0O
& PG . !Rj Sg !S% PG
6“.M=06 P(G P( AS I
” – 36
I PAS I
MN zN :"-$G p1G .pK"= ( 7 ¾ ) J(5 q% . a StSG
.M( =06 ( + S PG Sg !(T
K 0 M$56 ± F0 hz ' pS5 qf d
:gD :(GG VT hz ± @ D .I
K g ± MS#G :s; ~
sM& * &
(1) This Hadith seems to be fabricated to instigate people to avoid sins. (2) A famous Mohadith, d. 430H. (3) He is a
famous fabricator of Ahadith. (4) Related to the tribe Mazina. (5) A book of Abu Na’eem.
(6) This Hadith may have been fabricated to fire up emotions of nationalism. Albani has rejected association of this
Hadith to the Prophet :; !";< ^ ;W on logical grounds. Patriotism is something natural and common between
Muslims & Non-Muslims, so it is not possible to associate it with faith.
Do you know?
The Procedure of Evaluating the Hadith Authenticity
When a scholar hears or reads a Hadith, he should evaluate its authenticity. The steps are as follows:
Review the meaning of the Hadith. If it is apparently contradictory to the Quran, other authentic
Ahadith or common sense, it is unacceptable. If it does not contradict with them, further investigation
will be required. In such case, follow the next steps.
Check whether someone else has conducted a research on that Hadith. If some research is available, it
will be easy to determine the authenticity of that Hadith.
If nobody has conducted research on that Hadith, then search yourself the Hadith in all books of
Hadith and gather all the chains of narrators.
Prepare a list of narrators involved in narrating that Hadith.
Review the biography of each narrator and check the opinion of the experts of '01 º about each
narrators. If a narrator in any chain of narrators is unreliable, that chain will be declared
“Unacceptable.” If all chains of narrators have one or more unreliable narrators, the Hadith will be
declared unauthentic. If all narrators of a particular chain are reliable, the Hadith will be acceptable
provided that it does not contradict with the Quran, other authentic Ahadith and common sense.
Most Muhaddisin follow all these steps except the first one. They leave that step for the Jurists.
Do you know?
Reasons for Fabricating Fake Ahadith
Fabricating a Hadith and associating it wrongly to the Prophet :; ! !";< ^ ;W is a great sin.
Unfortunately, a large number of people committed this sin due to various motives. Most common of
them were as follows:
Some people had a bee on the their bonnet to propagate the views of their sect. In order to support the
point of view of their sect, many people fabricated Ahadith.
In order to include views contradictory to Islamic teachings in Islam, some people fabricated Ahadith.
Some Reformists were zealous about instigating people to do good deeds e.g. recitation of the Quran,
performing prayer etc. Since the Hadith of Prophet was an easy tool to affect the masses, they
fabricated Ahadith.
Some people loved certain personalities in the companions of the Prophet :; ! !";< ^ ;W. They
fabricated Ahadith to demonstrate their high rank.
Some people were biased against certain personalities. They fabricated Ahadith to bite their heads off.
Some people associated several words of wisdom to the Prophet in order to make them popular.
Some people used fabricated Ahadith in marketing their products.
Some people fabricated Ahadith to fire up emotions in favor of / against a group, community or
nation.
hCB& h";< P "= ;$ (T hLBC& J5N :s; :q-D 3( oN !("T PG > PG” – 24
?
K & ! C !(ST !";< ^
y 'C %& “... xkC T xR( &C
= >& :C J5{D g #G (T
“.h
H ;C G
r0
” ± SK ( 21 / 3 ) =
& ( 262 Ï 261 / 1 ) !G PT !K >& .?"1t
"k< P< @+G PT '"DL ( 0A P(G (83 :%4) J($ PT ( 3 / 93 / 9 ) “1º PT J;<
.!T <SDG 47 "1 J(T& P< J(DS1
.M> !K C E1t
b < !K U-C @+G PT '"D :qj .P( "= PG ? a "1t a g
!10 :C (r0. ? K "1t ::(*
ST& q% : (393) “!*-G” / ( 1T J(D S2 qL S%
.J($ !s- 'T 1 H $G =" !K
E p S
J(D °
L D. q% .0& ?"1t Sg J(DS1 L "k< 0 4 P(G !5& :r ( 0. ? ( "(1* ± å) !S
....x$ GK "1( "(R M x"= ) y J(k7K0 2 @
a W :“I0- ”
± 3 M
PT q-D .K02
J(*B0 n R qL KF* !T sMj Kgg !(5"T P(G TKD !K$"* G&
K
K 0 4 J(;2 d K (,0K 'L 1 8G ;D r
b 0O
& H "1 J(T& PG 9 ( :!E 5 G “1 ”
H "1 T& pK EC .!LC "D :; !";< ^ ;W ^ qS4 q% : J(;2 q% z{D .!(C ( T
"1 T& 0K0 !5& MSKEgS "D H "1 ST& J(
:qS-"D g hCE
PG :! '"(% z{D .!< (0
.I( ,1 ;< N !()0
I '
( 0 :q% .J(;2 O 4& 5N 4l
(1) $G means that an expert declared a narrator “unreliable” but did not describe the reasons for his
unreliability.
(2) @W means that the expert considers that narrator “truthful but unreliable due to committing mistakes”. It
indicates that the narrator did not use to fabricate Ahadith but he used to commit mistakes. It indicates that he is
better than those who used to fabricate Ahadith.
(3) Ibn Habban (d. 354H) is a Mohaddith who wrote a book on Hadith and tried to include only authentic Ahadith in
his book. It is called M
PT6 `"W.
(4) Muhammad Ibn Saib Al-Kalabi (d. 146H) is a famous fabricator of Ahadith who used to fabricate Ahadith for
political reasons.
:^ q-D “.J( 8 C ( H KG (T hLB& !_4 0” : q% CiC"kl K O
% C” – 25
P(G J(D
7
= C 5 ("T J(-;> C !_4 0” :q% “!-;>& :C xÍ D < ?" !K O 0”
K (;1D .^ qS4 Í ^ N !N :xTS2G( w1 :( ( S% ;< K 0&D J(&4 K 1CD4 h(
K4
;l I
j !5N !O 0 % W
” :^ q-D “.h"N ( ;l EI
&C N h(= oN ? = ( *K :C h5&
1“.h
K-;> G a Í S h 8 -D !s-(T J(<K O .EJCN
(2/323/2) 3 $< PT !< ( 615 / 2 ) “4$f ” ± 2 :. !>& .StSG
“3S 'O” PG( !T4 ( 1T :; !";< ^ ;W !T K* "D G _
( T J(D 4 J-"
5B5 ;$G PT '"<Ù
:;$G PT ^ < 4. J(T& :0A P(G (488 / 5)
.<SDG _kl PT < P< p P< !"T& P< :;& PT 0+ PT P=
<
g ± :;& PT 0+ PT P=
( 1 !K*z r0
q& Sg .O( 6 `
K "W” ::. q%
._2
:;$G PT ^ < Hp P=
< a StSG 'T” :!S-T 5 J(g !K U-1 D
a > :q% r0. v “5 q < M F"G” J(D pK O 4 & g :
K ;% .Sg PG 4O&
:;& PT 0+ PT P=
< !T O E* :J-" q% “3S 'O” ± J-" p 4 .'b A( T
. ?"1t Sg
9( tST :a EGK :q-D M
PT pz "R4 PT :;$G PT ^ < Sg !;% :;%
PT P< 4 Sg .!()0
I s'0 .1"C PT hG rH " ;< 9K
0 .r0.
0A PG (207) “=" :,1f ” ± J(5 k !>& r0. ....b S1G 5B n 7$5 Tg
.O6 (T N < P< K0 : q% :L 0+ PT P=
< P< >L&
(1) This Hadith was fabricated to exalt the Prophet :; !";< ^ ;W. Allah’s Apostle does not need such fabricated
words. He is already exalted by Allah in the Quran. (2) Hakim (d. 405H) is a Mohaddith who wrote his book “Al-
Mustadrak” to supplement Bukhari & Muslim. He was lenient in determining people ‘reliable’ or ‘unreliable’. (3)
Ibn A’sakar (d. 571H) is also a Mohaddith. (4) Baihiqi (d. 458H) is a famous Mohaddith. (5) Zahbi (d. 748H) is a
famous critical analyzer and exegete of Hadith.
a
3>| "5 "5 'g& ;< a
3>| 3>| '( g& ;<
"5K ” – 32
1“.^ 'g& ;<
3 ;0; p F< “=" 9Gº ” 2 JAS"$ ;)(T p ESR J( r0O
j PG Sg .StSG
pK O 4 & M"; PT ; !"D :!S-T 4 K !K U-1 * % .~< P( T P< “~O $G” J(D
.-)T d" :5 P="1KG PT q% :q% “1 ” ± J(g
'b AT a > !5{D R & _
a s Sg 'T - =" MC S20 M& = 7 g 4 P(T
: K ;%
'( g& VGf ;< :; !";< ^ ;W ^ qL S4 K0 ?" zN .'b %< Pa GG hz ± h# K 0
:' F< !S% ± (*"A "5T 9( P(G :C o1* ^ !K
T& G 3>|
p( O( 1( (
>= &C J(U !( U; C 0(+ E
P= G ' %L ” : !S% “.n1"( } ( 4= jQ J(D G := 2L C ;C > (U S gK ”
“.( G "-( S= 0 n (> "5= 3( "
J(D SKG P 0(U;( J g( ' %L @
( += P= G( 8
( "Uk
'( g& ;< 1G 3>| "5 E
:; !";< ^ ;W ^ qC S4 sMN :q-K0 M& +K SK,0 ?" :L
& E N 3>| G !G2
BT V;G1 !T P="- M- 'C g& sN ^
( 'L g& G o1* ^
!T VG; C º I
& o1* !5& o1* ^ !T >& (G ^ 'g& ;< 4( :K 0=D 45
º "D 3>| :";<
:; !";< ^ ;W ^ qC S4 sM& :_ s2 g qL S-0 ?"2D
.MS-K <( K J(
( -< /
K 1T V;$f ± Ur(0K M& O 4& 'b g Ja D( SW 'b K 4 Sg r( 0. g 9K t sMN Kp 4&
K 4# !T Q G sMB d
( I
( 0* S<T( ^ U'
& G :K 0=* :G J( ( ;A ( DC S f
!o1* !5 :-( > ;< MC SL4( $0 ( g Q
hz J(D
H K "= :K "2.
(1) This Hadith was fabricated to spread monasticism in the Muslims which is strictly forbidden in Islam. This
Hadith is not acceptable because it is contradictory to the Quran & other authentic Ahadith. (2) Jalal-ud-Din Al-
Sayouti (d. 849H) was a famous exegete of the Quran and the Hadith. (3) Dailami (d. 558H) was also a famous
Mohaddith. (4) He was also a Mohaddith & Rijaal expert. (5) Ibn Mu’een (d. 325H) was a famous expert of
evaluation of reliability of Rijaal.
Related to mysticism or
sufism
( DC S He chased (criticized) I
U-1 * He slandered p ESR
To spread Ur(0K M& He strengthened p F<
“. xT I
(L ! ( L H1K s' J(D (g
& & !( 0ST& = % 4 + PG” Ï 49
+” P(G 1/84/1) “
j ” ± (199 ¾) “=" ” ± 1J(5 k !>& .StSG
< PT M1 PT Í ( 0A P(G (2/228) “I" ” J(D J(5Wj !< .(“V,1f
x<SDG 30g Á& P< gÛ P< "G& Á& ¤2 < P< J;, 1 PT " P< P¿
“.O6 (T N 30g Á& P< K0 ” :q%
.qb SÛ :3“M$; ” ± !1* 2“M F"f ” ± q% g M1 PT Í :
a StSG Sg : K ;%
.“G” " J;"-1 !C%
9K
0 _ s :q-D =
& .9a " !TU % !(1t ;< 9Û g " :;%
.8<StSG !L)0O
& aP"T !(*0 4 ;< ?1 ” : < PT q% .r
C 0.
:C h =: E0K :C !2 x0& ?
a "1t @
( 47f Á& PT Sg "G& Á& ¤2 < !K7"R
“
j ” ± å k p 4 : (60/3) q-D
-D !T r0. U'< & V
J)"v °D. I = ( 0
. ?"1t Sg "G& ST& ¤2 < !"D “ ”
“M F"f ” P< n5 !K;-5 (T (418/4) “"
6 ®
( 07*” ± !s;<& -D J% 1 !7"R G&
¤2 <” :q% r"
(234/2) q% r"
“Ëæ ” J(D JAS"$ Bk>& h _ WBD
(qS,T d" 1 PT "0 sM{D “.MSÛ M1 PT Í 1 PT "0 ?"1t
!_
( (2T P2
a 1G Sg 'T
(1) Tabarani wrote three collections of Hadith: 2
Sf :,1f . (2) q <6 M F"G is an encyclopedia of
Hadith narrators written by Al-Zahbi (d. 748H). (3) M F"f M$ is another encyclopedia of narrators written by Ibn
Hajar A’sqalani (d. 852H). He has improved the presentation of q <6 M F"G.
He described
weakness
U'< & He is not accused for
fabrication of Hadith
:= E0K :C A weak narrator but he is better than
_ because he doesn’t fabricate G
1“.¢-
¢-
^
y (1K $ S” – 56
J%4 O0+ PT $"< 5B5& J(5 M < PT Í P< :qj :M-0A ! .StSG
P< I"$f PT "1 P< !"T& P< J1 0+ PT :"
<
:q% ""< PT I
W
.a 2G r0
g : q% (1 / 312 @) < PT !>& .x<SDG _kl PT <
. !";< 8-) !1T0 ; !)0O
& J1 0+ PT :"
< !S g PG N !LD( <&
K $
( K0 MC .r0. K 2G !L)0
K K0” :3 Ð
ST& q% “.pS*” :2 47 q% :;%
“...? a "1t a 0+ pST& :
K ;% “.r
b "> _ a s” :V1G PT q% “.8GkT !<
L K0 pT&
” :q% :L .< PT 0A P(G (255/2) “8<StSf ” J(D 4 +Sº PK T pK O 4 & r
L 0.
...“.r0. 2G M < PT Í MCKG pSKT& :"
< ! 'C W&
$ S” :°;T <SDG d5& P< < PT ="TF P< V$. PT #T P< :>| 0k Sg
“< PT ="TF 7$5” ± J(R SG PT $"< ' ST& p 4 “.º q '>O
.“8"-) ” ± J-) (30/2) “MW& 4>&” ± :"15 ST& (2/55/1)
:°;T “~O $G” ± J;0 p 4 !(-0A P(G ..._ K ( 20 a G g “#T” : K ;%
K* J(D JAS"$ % % “.0- /"D” J(D “!*O<
^ 1 $ S”
:(204/2) “10# !0F=*” ± 5 @ < PT !-1D “G” .r0. I-< !(S% ;< g #T
“. xg( R !C)0
`K ;( 0K D
a Et _
a s 'T”
(1) It is obvious that this Hadith was fabricated by some Chauvinist who wanted to humiliate women. (2) Bukhari is
not only a compiler of Hadith, he is also an expert in '01 º . He wrote a book in this discipline named 04*
2 . (3) Abu Hatim (d. 277H) is a great expert of '01 º . (4) Ibn Jauzi (d. 597H) is a famous critical appraiser
of Hadith. (5) Ibn Iraq (d. 963H) was an expert of Hadith & '01 º .
1“.b = 4 J(EG&
K > ” – 57
± JAS"$ q%
. S-L DC SK0 :;D H ;< ! SL-( 0 M& J(D MSL - .! 'C W&
< a "1T g “."N 'L ( * :C J( ÚU
K I
( KL /( 1T J(D
> !s;1” :“=" 9Gº ”
:H ;$(T K ";K0 (G g .:; !";< ^ ;W !)0O
& / 1T ( Gj ;< a t !5& !G K F( ;0 zN
;< ! ? = %& :C V <
H 1(T d" : q% !5& J2$ P< f 'C -C 5 .pKO-<
....
H StSG ? H "1t ` H "W H
2“.:K0g :K0% :0BT (SK,K J(TW&” – 58
PG (82/6) “2
6 ” J(D F
PT (91/2) “:;1 9G” ± = ( < PT p 4 . StSG
T P< M" Á& P< u<j P< V PT 4.
:q% :"; PT 0A
“.qSÛ V PT 4. Mj ,
!T S-* ON g” :( < PT q% .!T <SDG
Ig ST& Sg g V PT 4. ?"1t M" ST& bk% b 0 4 pg” : F
PT q%
“. hR T G g C <StSf r
C 0O
j (0 M"; PT J-)
!5{D o& '0Sk Sg M"; PT : q-0 :"; PT ;< r ( 0. g ± 'L :
K ;L%
“.<StSG r0O
& 4” :M
PT q% “._ ” : w > PT q% 'T !(1Kt ;< 9Û
“I0- ” ± °D. q% @ a KW
Sg 'T F
PT q% n"1t d";D M" ST& G&
PT q% F
PT q% qSÛ V PT 4. .“!"W” ± :;$G ! >&
J(D r0. g `( 0 :=
& q% ( “8-) ” ± M
PT pz MN c <
.(2/199/10) G % PT “I7f ”
(1) This is a widely spread Hadith but it is not described in any collection of Hadith. There is no chain of narrators
for it. So it is baseless. (2) It seems that this Hadith was fabricated by the people to exalt the rank of the Companions
of the Prophet :; !";< ^ ;W. In contrast, some other people fabricated another Hadith with the same words but
included the words “My family” instead of “My companions”.
P=" < qb -G !"D M M N r0. g : (28/1) “M F"f ” ± J(5 1# qL S% G&
PG r( 0O
j ` " * sMj hz !!"N K U;C 0 ¥ g 'b AD 1?
( #2 '( g& < ` a "W SD
'C W& H;AT r H 0O
& `( " * oN O 0K ";< OK < .H "(-GK H "DSW L <(T ? ( #2 ( 0A
y J(k7K0 Sg (& MC S20 M& E`W M N :!( S
& PK $
& ? #2 Mj r0. .C
.!( "(t0 G s' PG !(G C G$ ^ Q qL BC$5 S !L;>( K0 :C M N g .I
K " 0K
“.:K0g :K0% :0BT (S, J("T 'L g&” – 62
:( "15 J(T& 0 4 PG Jg ";< K % % _ 2
"5 PT =
& ( 7$5 ± Sg .StSG
3C T J2;T
1f f M0 PT :- PT =
& P$. ST&
:q% åWj
PT =
& 5B5& q% !T %BD iG V$> 9 W ± !";< 3 % d"TO 5 J(D
ViG V1 V (T J1,Rj 1 ST&
0R PT
"5 PT :"g TN PT @N
p P<
"5 PT :"g TN Á& È
: q%
"5 PT :"g TN PT @N Á& È
Ï q%
. <SDG
0R PT
"5
"D” : 7$ pg ± J(g q% % (2/158 @) G g 3b =") rb 0O
& C C D : ;%
.“M$; ” ± °D. p%& “._ s !5{D !T
K ,
s'
( 0K @N PT =
& !0T
!0F=*” ± @ < PT pO4& r0. .?"1t J2; :- PT =
& !< K :
K ;%
(201 ¾) JAS"$; “<StSf r0O
j ” '0z !(;Wj x1* (419/2) “10#
.“ 7f ” P<
n -5 (144 ¾) “( <StSf r
( 0O
j ± <S, S ” ± J(5S#
(1) It is a common practice of Sufis to base their views on their dreams. They claim that they receive direct guidance
from God in their dreams or daydreams. On the other side, they also admit that Prophethood has been ended on
Prophet Muhammad :; !";< ^ ;W. In such way, they include their personal views in the religion. Islam is based on
the hard evidence from the Quran or the Sunnah. Nothing can be added to or deleted from Islam based on a dream or
daydream of a Non-Prophet.
J ( L J(K ;0K h
a ;C G (T 'C ( K x"(5 J;< s;W PG K!K1( =% < EJ;< s;W PG” – 203
1“.x1"R & x"R !
K L (!*(> pK "5KO G& (T
“!(70=4*” ± I
K "k7 (2/193/2) “ËGj ” ± MS1 PT !>& . (T a StSG
Á& P< u<j P< M G PT Í ( 0A PG (2/70/16) $< PT (292 Ï 291/3)
!)0
PG J(5) F, ± O> PT 2T ST& qj !K CDA >& .<SDG 30g Á& P< çW
“1 ” ± J;"-1 (1 / 6) !0#T PT ;< pK C-5 "D J-;"$ :Rg ST& (2/115)
.(218 / 2) “I1# ” ± J-" (137 136 / 4)
“.!5O Sg PG N !K1T(0K HÚS(T d" u<j r ( 0
PG ! 'W& : J;"-1 q%
P< =" 5K PK T
K B :q% "% PT ^ < P< pO{T I
K "kl 4 :L . g MH G PT J(10
“.J#T d" M G PT Í z O” :q-D r0. g
:q% :L J;"-1 ( 0 4 PG (303 / 1) “8<StSf ” ± +Sº PT pO4 & !(-0A PG :
K ;%
.r0 ( 'C W& :J;"-1 q% ._ s =" $ K Sg M G PT Í `( 0
“Mµ6 I1R” ± J-" !>& : ;%” : !(S-T (283 / 1) “Ëæ ” ± JAS"$ !K U-1 *
“. g( SR ! >& 0k g PG
b 2G ^ ( MN” : :; !";< ^ ;W !(S% ')G a`"W K1T JAS"$ %C :L : K ;%
:K ;$
0K H
& PG G” ::; !";< ^ ;W !S% “.$ JG& P< J(5SK;0K } ( 4j ± P "=
( E"
K #* 5N s; Jg x0% pz -* “. $ !";< O4K &
J(
K4 J;< ^ EO4 sN J;<
!";< ^ ;W p(= % < !";< s;W PG !5& !"D 'L " G& .;Lº ± r ( 0;
JAS"$ ( 0 :;D >| !L 5 G& .!";< a g( R (G H JR ± d";D !K 1K $0 !5{D :;
:JAS"$ q% :15 .! #0 x
n)0
(1) Prayer and greeting for the Prophet :; !";< ^ ;W is a great virtue. Unfortunately, some people invented Ahadith
to promote this virtue. We don’t need such fake reports. We must pray for the Prophet based on the Quran and
Authentic Ahadith.
<
“_ S) ” ± "# ST& !>& u<j P< x1TG M G PT ( ( 8
K :L”
“.!T u<j P< 01G ST&
PT P$.
<j =
& PT P=
ST& pK O 4 & !5& K g g <j K "= MC SD1G 8
a -( :s; $ g qL 4 : K ;%
=
& PT P=
<: :q-D (463 / 342 ¾) “1P=""5Wj 8-A” ± !$5 "#
SD n 01* x
!"D = 0 :C P( "= )C0
!< 4 :L “.<j `(W ST& gF
... .qb S,G
g ± :K "- PT q% ( HqS-G K "= a" pK :(379 / 6) “` ” ± 2°D. qS-D
“9"# I". ;< 3 ± 90 qS- ” ± !< ( 7$ !K ;C -5 I a 0 !5N: :$
.(190 ¾) “J2$ ;< O ± J2f 4 ” ± O < PT q% (116 ¾)
Sg 5N au
D BbkC > SKg u<j P< 01G Á& 0 4 PG r0. g :K1T 4 %
zN b %5 1Tf pg sM& ;< _(2(T :a ( EGK r ( 0. K G Sg 3!T O EC * M G PT Í
.“... p"5KO K G& (T J ( L ” :M G PT ( Í ( 0 4 ± G "D d"
StSG r0
” :( SÛ 241 / 27) 4Sf O ( 7KG ± (""* PT ) q%
r0. g @
( *T _
a s Sg u<j P< $ M G PT Í !00 5N
“.:<={T u<j ;< a StSG
(1) People of Isphahan, a city of Iran. (2) Hafiz Ibn Hajar A’sqalani.
(3) It means that he is alone in reporting this Hadith. Since a Hadith is reported by just one person and he is also
unreliable and famous as a liar, therefore, the Hadith will not be accepted.
Rule of the Day: You already know that there are certain nouns who do not change
their _ <N. They are called ÈG. These nouns are assumed to carry I 5 9D4
(T g 'C 1 DC b'K 4 g the
according to their situation. For example, in the sentences
word g is in three different conditions I 5 9D4 respectively but its _ <N are
not changed practically. Its _ <N are assumed. This concept is called 0-* and the
_ <N are called 4E-C GK .
(1) This Hadith is widespread in people that the Hajj on Friday is equal to 70 pilgrimages. It is a baseless Hadith
which is not available in any authentic collection even with a weak chain of narrators.
(2) Since paper was an expensive item in the middle ages, therefore, the scholars used to write commentary on a
book on the border of a page. Therefore, this word "R
became a synonym to the commentary.
Border, edge,
commentary
"R. Kind, type '( "- Approach, method
( 5
1“.
a 4 KG !5{D ( "-1T SKE7
*” – 226
“!7=04*” ± I K "kl (J(7$5 Ï 41 :%4 2 ) “ËGj ” ± J;G !>& .StSG
PT J(5 "S PT _S-10 0A PG (466) “1 ” ± J;"-1 (251 / 11)
!"T& P< 3< PT #g P< Kg gF :"g TN PT _S-10 0A PG (1 / 356) <
.<SDG #< P<
_ s _S-10 :q% (423 / 1) “8<StS ” ± +Sº PT pz J;"-1 0A PG
“.JR :; !";< ^ ;W J( P< g ±
K )K0 ” :J;"-1 q% .9K
0
:L “.r C 0. 90 42 P="T( s2 P(G M” :=
& q% :_S-10 ( * ± J(g q% :
K ;%
!(G !K %C % (
1T d" g :"g TN PT _S-10 :< PT q% .r0. g ! @
."S PT _S-10
a 0A r0;(” :q-D !( *(O1 (272 / 2) “æ ” J(D JAS"$ +Sº P T I U-1 * %
PT I"1R "1 Á&” ( 0A P(G (2 / 283 / 4) $< PK T IK "kl !K >& #g P< a >
PT ' PT Í 5B5& JG- ?"W PT Í ^ < ST& 5B5& ("1# :"g TN PT Í
.!T 3< PT #g P< " PT O>
' ST& 2$< PT '
:"g TN PT Í PT I"1R G& .MSD1K0 O> MO PG sM{D a:;G Oa N g :;%
I"1R PT Í PT I"1R” :(352 / 1 / 2) “'01 º ” ± !s;1;D J("1#
;
± J(T& !< I M< PT P=
< 4. PT #T P< 4 O T 1
.:(*
J(T& PT P< -5 I"k7; ( 244 / 9 ) “O T 04*” ± "5)
(1) Probably, this Hadith was fabricated to increase the demand for “Agate”, a precious stone. There are some
people, who believe in fortunate and unfortunate effects of stones. They have tried to include such lousy and
polytheistic views in Islam by fabricating such Ahadith.
“!7=04*” ± I"kl pz MC S20 M& N pz P(G = & :;D JG- ?"W PT Í G&
x
!"D = 0 :C )0
! @ :L “G$ 1 ST& ?"W PT Í” :(336 / 3)
.:;<& ^D ^ < ST& !( (" :K K 1 ST& !K" g P2 .
n 01*
PT °D. g ± O EO * % 4k1 ' PT Í !5& 'L ( "D 'D PT ' PT Í G&
J(k%4 hT !K C W
r0. 9( tS(T
Do you know?
If a Hadith is reported by different chains of narrators and each chain of narrator has a narrator
having some problem like bad memory etc., the Hadith will become acceptable because it is
reported by different chains of narrators. It is unlikely that all of them will forget about the
same Hadith. But if all of them are accused for fabricating Hadith, it can never become
acceptable due to merely different chains of narrators. For example, a Hadith has two chains
of narrators: A – B – C, and D – E – F. Suppose the narrators B & E have memory problems.
The Hadith will be acceptable because it is unlikely that both of them will forget the same
Hadith. On the other side, if B & E both are accused for fabricating Hadith, it can never be
acceptable unless it is reported by a third chain of reliable narrators.
Showing, coming (T j Strange (Hadith) I,< Unauthentic Ahadith, plural of 2G ="G
“.
( SK ~
K ( d
( q zL KS, q( <j K "” – 248
/ 4) “c2 8-k ” ± J2$ (9 / 3) “"
6 ®07*” ± J% 1 q% .! 'W&
.W& ! = & :C :(162
P(G 3b #< Kgg PG( 3b #< x4 O P "= 1T4& oN 4( ,T $ !";< '" c J(5W&” – 274
“.g g PG 3b #< gg PG 3b #< Kgg
& J(*c>& :% b "2 J(
?" PT '"<Ù P< (276 / 6) J-" !K >& .?"1t
.?1t p(ON ± :q% .x<SDG #< P< 3W Á& T J(5g
/ 1) < PT q% g '"<Ù sMj hz (414 / 4) “0 I 5” ± pE%& : K ;%
& b "2 :;% .r0. 1 @
K ( $K0 HSG =" 8 ( -) P< r
H 0O
BT
C
:(318
!5j g '"<Ù (103/8) M
PT K "S* W> 3H 4S T g K "(0K D<& :C J(5g
.H - P<
zN r( 0. :K "-$G :q%
hG& P(G !K C 4O& PG KG& H (T P(G !$"< 0 :$ !";< $"< oN ^ y
&” – 280
K -;> - 4 º K -;> G Í S O K -;> G a Í S;D !T SKG( K0 M&
2“.P
2C $
D ^ qS4 Í ^ N !N :!";< K 2D _
kC tD ( ;< w
1
< 0A PG (615 Ï 614 / 2) “4$f ” ± :. !K >& 5N .<SDG ! 'W&
~< PT P< I"$f PT "1 P< 3O% P< T< Á& PT "1
4 5j ~& PT
."1 ;< x<StSG !K &” :!S-T J(g !s-1* .“O6 `"W” :q% nDS%SG pD :q%
± J(g q% 4 5j ~& PT < !< !T :K ( EK T< J(T& PT J(10 : K ;%
“.<StSG !& ” : q% r0. g ! @ :L “.2G H 7(T *& !
',K0” : “M F"f ”
.p%BD “M$; ” JHD ,
PT °D. !K -C D
(1) “Theft in Hadith” means that a person listens a Hadith from other and then starts describing it without
mentioning the name of the original narrator. (2) This Hadith was probably fabricated in order to show the high rank
of the Prophet :; !";< ^ ;W over Jesus Christ $ 3S; !";< in Christian-Muslims debates. The Prophet Muhammad
:; !";< ^ ;W strictly forbade such comparisons among prophets.
1“. xT& b %D !K = * :C H ;" s' J(D C 1% S 3C 4S &C %C PG” – 289
± J($ PT (p + PG 178) “p$G” ± G& J(T& PT L 4. !>& .?"1t
“ËGj ” ± M #T PT (1 / 116) “!)0
” ± q PT (674 :%4) “;"; S" '<”
PT P< "A J(T& P<
H ,R J(T& 0A P(G :g=" “I1# ” ± J-" (1 / 38 / 20)
.?
a "1t a g .<SDG OS1$G
(T OS1$G PT P< "A ST& PG "A J(T& P< K
1K0 3b (25 ,R ST& :J(g q%
!5BT !(* ±
EW
1K0 325 "A T& sM& oN 2 (T 4R& % .<SDG r0.
:pH S P(G qb S;1G SKg” :9,( x1* J1;0F q% :; “0- /"D” J(D ....qb S,G
:r
L ) .=
& pz !( (G 3L 425 :J(5) .p=" J(k%4 !K E"T
K k-5 : gK
&
:(*
ST& K =
& !(1Kt ;< 9 = & % .!KT (kt : 9K T .+Sº PK T !% !(* 4K ?
K 1Kt
.2G r0. : “$" ” ± f q% .:g=" J-" J(k%4 !KT
pK D
J(-;0 8
H SK
( ;< 3L 7 H37W ;< y ( ;< } K 4j ” – 294
2“.( S J(D pK G% h
H ;C G '( g( ;< 8
K SK (w1(T
P< 4 F p 4 :q% :L <SDG < PT r
( 0
P(G (131 / 8) J)"v pz .StSG
.?"1t Sg I"R PT È10 =
& PT ^ < !7"R
!K=
K *K !s;1;D q I
( PG (g ± “M$; ” ± “M F"f ” ± p4& :C : K ;%
.!;% 8
( ";" 6 P(G !5& K g (9T(k ;<
(1) A lot of Ahadith were fabricated to instigate people to recite the Quran.
(2) This Hadith seems to be fabricated by someone who was inspired by the concepts either Jews or Hindus. It is
scientifically wrong. Israelite traditions contain such views. Some narrators took such illogical things from them and
presented them as words of the Prophet :; !";< ^ ;W. Ancient Hindus also had such views.
“.H JiG _
K S5z ! 8
= ( L 3n G JiG [
& ^ Sg 'L %] &C %C PG” – 295
PT (187 / 6) I"kl (1 / 113 / 3) “M- 'D” ± d0 PT p 4 .1a 2C G
( 0A PG (2 1 / 35 / 2 / 1) “I1# ” ± J-" (1 ! 62 @ 12 ) M #T
.<SDG hG PT d5& P< J(5 T
1º 1 Á& PT P$.
q% .J$ =
& !K C E1t
:J(g q% 1º 1 PT P$. . ( ? a "1t a g
“.r0. g p0T PG r0. K 2( G” :~
K 47
± d0 PT !>& :(239 / 1) “Ëæ ” ± JAS"$ q-D !T O= 0 :C !5& sN :;%
!>& !T 1 J(T& PT P$. 0A PG “M=06 I1R” ± J-" “M- 'D”
P$. N T P< p 4 :;15 ” :q% d5& P< T P< :"* PT I;j 0A PG 4 F
“.°. ( SK J(D M( T4( -G Kg I;j 1 Á& PT
g `
K (W :;% .d5& P< T P< f `(W ( 0A P(G J-" d0 PT !>&
“.r0. 2G” :0& ~ 47 q% .g F ="#T PT Sg
p1G sM& ;< r0. ?1t (T K (, 0 D .?
( 1 3L 0R ( ) @( K kL pg sM& L Wl
.:;<& ^ .! E
o1* ^ 'L D M M N f PG !"D ( ( < a 2( $KG
(1) Munkar is a Hadith whose narrators commit a lot of mistakes. It is a special type of weak Hadith. Usually the
Ahadith in which a big reward for a small deed or a big punishment for a small sin is described, are weak.
Worth Reading
In the Land of the Quran & the Bible. At travel story to the sites
related to God’s prophets. The writing is in Urdu.
http://www.mubashirnazir.org/ER/L0014-00-Safarnama.htm
Worth Reading
How to overcome obstacles on your way to success? Read more:
http://www.mubashirnazir.org/PD/English/PE03-0010-Block.htm
Dear Reader!
Build Your Personality
In previous lessons, we have studied theM"T :;<. Backbiting is described in the Quran as
Now we shall start the å1G :;<. eating flesh of a dead brother.
#56 7
c>: It is the descriptive style. When something is described, it is called the c>. A c> may be right or
wrong. For example :
a C% a 0+ (Zaid is standing). In reality, Zaid may be standing or sitting. So the c> may
be true or false.
#5N: It is the persuasive or interrogative style. When someone is asked to do something or something is
asked, it is called the #5N. The #5N cannot be true or false. For example 3SF S* 3S; S"%&
(Establish the prayer and pay the Zakat.)
7
A > may be a "= ;K or a ";1D ;K. The basic objective of c> is to inform the audience about a
noun or a task. For example, VC1 _4 ^ . (The praise is for Allah Who is the Lord of entire
universe) is a "= ;K. Similarly, SG q% (Moses said) is a ";1D ;K.
Sometimes, the objective of > is not to provide the information. It has some other objectives. For
example:
• To tell the audience that the speaker also knows that information. In this case, the audience may already
know that information.
• To seek help from or invoke mercy of the audience. For example, Prophet Moses $ 3S; !";< said,
a -( DC H "= > P= G( EJCN(
F 5C& ( J5N( _4 (O Lord! Whatever good you send down me, I am a in desperate need of
it). Here, the Prophet Moses is asking for mercy from God by just describing his position.
• To express one’s weakness. For example, Prophet Zakariya $ 3S; !";< said, JG( :K 1 P g J5N( _4
n="R ~
K & E 'C 1 R= (O Lord! Surely, my bones have weakened and the hair of my head glistens with grey).
• To express one’s grief, regret, happiness, or other emotions. For example, the mother of Marry < ^ Jt4
had vowed to dedicate her child to serve the Mosque of Jerusalem. She gave birth to a girl who was not
able to serve the Mosque. At that time, she said to describe her grief, C)5= &L K1= t
J5N( _4 (O Lord! I have
gave birth to a girl). In the verse, 'L A( g +
Q (The right came and the wrong vanished),
happiness is described.
• To scold or reproach someone. For example, to scold the offender Israelites, Allah said, L U := ( "= ;C <
= T( t
K
L 2C $
= (Shame and poverty were brought upon them. )
A c> can be described in an assertive way. As you have already studied in previous lessons that the
assertion is developed by adding a few words to the sentence. For example, :a C% a 0+ (Zaid is standing) is a
plain sentence without any emphasis. :
a C% a 0+ UMN (Surely, Zaid is standing) is assertive. :a C- a 0+ UMN (Surely,
definitely, Zaid is standing) is more assertive and : a C- a 0+ UMN ^ (By God, surely, definitely, Zaid is
standing) is extremely assertive.
Similarly, in case of ";1D
;K, there are different levels of emphasis. For example, K K 0 (He will help) is a
plain sentence without any emphasis. K K " (He will definitely help) is assertive and UM K " (Surely, He will
definitely help) is extremely assertive.
The level of emphasis must be according to the situation of the audience. If the audience is already believe
or tend to believe that c>, there is no need to put a word emphasizing it. If they do not believe, then a
reasonable emphasis will be required. Over- or under-assertion adversely affect the T of the
communication.
The words used to emphasize include the following:
• :$%
: They are used to swear in order to make the sentence assertive. For example 8
etc. If the
speaker swears other than God, it usually means presenting that thing as evidence.
• 4 2*: Repeating a sentence also makes it assertive. For example a 0+ _t a 0+ _
t
etc.
• UM q: They are placed before and after JÑ G& 4G '1D. For example EP
DN UM K " etc.
• %: It is placed before JtG '1D . For example ^
y 9 ( % (definitely, Allah has listened) etc.
Test Yourself
Translate the following passages of the Quran and describe the type and purpose of each sentence as given in
the example. Read the context of these verses, if something is not clear.
:= 2L 5S
( 0K := K 5S
( *K ( =&L := K5=&Cg
(3:119)
!( U; '( "( J(D SL-( K( MC S= < = *K ( Kg := K5=&Cg
'L 7
= 0 E5{(DC ' 7
= 0 P= G 'L 7
= 0 P= G := 2L = ( DC
(47:38) !( $ ( 5 P= <
.:( "(
E P(
= E .V ( C1 _4 !( U;( K =
V
K 1( $
= 5 E0N( K K1= 5 E0N( .P( 0 ( S= 0 h
( (G
(1:1-4)
P 0(U ¦ C W( .: "(-$= K ¦ C 5( g=
:= ( "= ;C < _
( SK= ( "= C := ( "= ;C < = 1 5=&C
(1:5-7) V E
:= gK h
i(C= &L := ( T4 P= G( xgK C;< h
i(C= &L
(2:5) MC SK;( K
= &C := K *4= C 5C& := ( "= ;C < ¥ S KC C P0(U UMN(
(2:6) M C SKG( = 0K := gK 4= ( K* := C
:= K C ntG !K U; := gK O FDC }
a G := ( T(SL;%L J(D
(2:10) M C SKT( 2 0 SK5C T( :a "(&C _ a C<
Worth Reading
The Treasure’s Map. Search for the real treasure.
http://www.mubashirnazir.org/PD/English/PE01-0005-Treasure.htm
h
i(C= &L !( *( (* E
!K 5SL;= 0 _ 2( := gK "= * P 0(U
MC K( 7 := gK h i(C= BLDC !( T( = L 2 0 P= G !( T( MC SKG( = 0K
(2:121)
:= 2L U;1 C _
( jQ J(= &L 0 3b "
¾
( -( J(D := 2L C
(2:179) M C SL-E*
!K U; pK * M &C !( T4 J(D : "(g T=N( E
(U CN( * := C&C
(2:258) h ; K
nz&C 1K = 0 H %C W
P= G( a "= > 3b ( = G
a K1= G qb S= %C
(2:263)
_ ( ;< 8
K 01*
¬70 :K ;1 Sg & (3 ) :K ;< Sg O( % : ;< sMN” :1" O| ... ?01
( 56 ("g( D; ( 0O( f _
( j ;< H W> ( T F( "( 9G (:G jy ( '( ( ( 4T
“...é .. J< 4F & J(<
J(T O( % :( ;< L C
(
#< PG) M( - ( >( & oN 9K ( 0 zN Ãx"($ 5 3( B# r
L 0
_ ( < O( % :K ;< K (10
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(1) Adam Smith (1723 – 1790CE) is the considered the founder of Economics. (2) Meaning of this paragraph is that
during initial decades of 20th century, Economics followed politics.
8
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(1) The author wrote this book at the time of Soviet Union. Communism resulted in collapse of Soviet Union. After
that, the two torch-bearers of Communism i.e. Russia & China adopted Capitalism.
Worth Reading
Arnold Schwarzeneger is one of successful person in the world. He also had to face a
big problem. What was that?
http://www.mubashirnazir.org/PD/English/PE04-0003-Schwarzeneger.htm
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private)
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(1) In order to encourage agriculture on empty lands, the Prophet :; !";< ^ ;W said that whoever will start farming
on an empty land, it will become his property. It is now not applicable because all empty land is owned by the
government. If the government allows, then it is OK.
Making a boundary with
stones
"= ,
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.V;$; ; G
n
G n < ! 'C 10 Pf S;1G qG '1 Jg L 1º :$ H S;1G 'H < ;< '1º Ï10
+& [72 :?S0] “.:a "(<+ !( T( 5&C H "= 1( T 'L =
( !( T( P( ” :o1* ^ qS% p+ S '"O
.M- BT "%K ;< '( 1º C >& :; !";< ^ ;W qS
.}
H S< ( "= T 3". J(D h K "; J(1* :0( "k1 ( ( qL S% Ï11
(T
K ! ' ( 0 n k- PD p=" !Lk-( ;0 !(
W PG 9K qL f Jg :L k-; Ï12
( * ( 1T N h
( ;f J(D 'L >* 9G( Sº ( ( $f _ ( ST& (@ Sj ± n ( 01* ( 1T N
.gO4 41* M N CT ! PK
0K (
W ( J(, T( qL KF0 ?01
The author has described the situations in which a person can become a private owner of something. You can add
more lawful examples to that. Some of them have become irrelevant after industrial revolution.
Reciting Quran for
medical treatment
"%K At that time H ((< Profession, vocation
Finding a lost item whose
owner is unknown
L k-; Giving a piece of land
K k%N Collecting firewood _k
He will pay as guarantee PK
0K Mountain passes
a ,D( Possession 3+"
(1) If a person is mad or fool enough that someone will take his money by cheating him, the government should
appoint a trustee for him to take care of his money.
(2) If a land is jointly owned by two or more persons and one of them wants to sell his share, he should offer it first
to his partners. If they are not willing to buy his share at the market price, then he can sell it to anyone else. This
right is called preemptive right.
?K %S q( <j pg PG :V;$f PG V ;< 1S 0="7 q<j 9K "(,#* (3
;< JG6 1,KG ± =" x4O ="l ? %S O& - ^ ! !T O 0K
L CS K Jg ?
K %S qL SG&
( 5 -D .S"
"%T "1 pK4
= + G .I
( 0- ( "1
(3F ,1 P01- ( Ck-C ;L T ( 0< 8"#$f G1 82f ~4 f $;
.hz P"= ( $ 0j
g4O G G1 "2;f qÛ
'AT SD N T &
1G 'H 1D ;< MC S20 M& - ¦ C R :0="l
K %j Ï1
."< n2;G K "= 0 (?%( S h
;(G !< qL KF0 `
K " ?%S
M & MKO V;$f ( ; (
K 8 ( S }4j P(G FK K G6 J(0 M& Sg : ( Ï2
` * M& 9K (0 bG< b "2;G b S;G } K 4j pg ` K ( *K hT :G PH E"1G OH T E¬7*
} 4&
:; !";< ^ ;W qS ( O ± .Wl "2;; n G 1T & s;
( - gÇ( '1 3TT nt4& _kl PT K <
.V;$f '"7( ;1 9"-
."j G 9 G :"R( G "D <* V;$f
:( 2K( n-"k* :";< O pg J(t 4& C $% MSKT4K I CCA ( # @ ( 1 ` D E:* G<
;< K +S *K ËT : : 2
L >K B* Jt 4j pg sM& K < VGf K "= G& C&4 .:( (
& ¾H > K 0 2 h;G 0 = $" ";< :00& (;g& 0BT (-* 5N .P="T4
.C % MSL2;0
( (7 ( "= 5 J(D C 1f MC SL2;( 0 :5&
K $% S” :q% !0&4 ";< T J( _j M( "T ± V;$f <ë & ( GÇ }4j MS2*
= $
-C 5 % }
4j MC K,
( "D V
;$f PG J(*B0 P(T ?"2D ¥JR :1T P( 0 ´ } 4j
}4& PG p("= T ; à '( G( 4j ( E04( L ; MS20 G H&(T g G =8F "(
( T| P<
= C4
“.@ 1 #
& Sg G1 ( "( :( ;< J(D ³Of
& 9G K ( E0 !"N < ^ UD & g
Sg O( 4Sf g ')D n0S OH ,G H T OH 4( SG ;< 1* M& I
K ,
( 0 ( C "G sMBT '-
.gO % ( ,T
( "k7 PG K2K0 ( ; O % 4K - K - 0K
OH S,G MO 8 b 04t 8 a
5j :4 Ç2 ( "j 8 K . Ï3
± : ± R MS;$f ” :$ 3 !";< q% . 7 OK !G-0
pg ± K ( .[O O ST& ¿& !>&] “.`;f ” :> r0
±
t& “.4 Ç2
< ± ~ 9( ",( b 04t 5 J( ( "Rj PG 5& "T 9K ,0 !5& K ,
( 0 1T4j "Rj
.¾
H > OH S,G ;< (T
5 gOS ?
K U%S 0 !5& $ 3 !";< qS
!5{D (81,
>T M( GF
( >T ?K ;( 7* ~ 3"
± 8 K 4 5 zN
G g .K*W "D K DC S* >L& ¥ "R& 1T4j "Rj pg ;< ~ C-0K M& P(G 9K 0 G K S0
g & PG >& n4SG& "Rj pg ;< SKC% G< "G6 ( Gj ± M, L j !K ;C 1 DC
"R& 8 K S%" 0=2 4K - (q( )
b b ; & b ;W = 5& ¥ S MC O( 1
G1 ( D ; ¬ > G 9" :(-(
V;$f 8%KAL ( 4( # b3=") >&
.$G H~4 G PG
Those who bear loss P "= G4 Burden <& Mines M(O1
Ore, mineral +( Encouraging 9( "(,#* He deposited
O &
Worth Reading
Islamic Threat – Myth or Reality. An introduction to the book of John L.
Esposito. A detailed analysis about the world Islamic movements by an
American professor who studies Islam and Muslim Movements in an
unbiased manner. The writing is in Urdu.
http://www.mubashirnazir.org/ER/L0012-00-Islamic Threat.htm
Dear Reader!
Build Your Personality
You have previously studied different
for asking
Suspicion is your enemy. Try to
questions. There are also used in figurative sense. We’ll defeat it.
study that in this lesson.
Various words are used to make a sentence interrogative. The detail is as follows:
• & &: It is used to get some information. For example, J;< & DC a 0+ &C (Did Zaid travel or Ali?). The
answer will be the name of that person who traveled. It is also used to confirm something. For example
:K "(g T=N( 0 ( ((T Cg
; 1 DC 5=&C&C (O Abraham! Did you do this with our gods?) If the question is asked to
confirm something, the answer will be ‘Yes’ or ‘No’.
• 'g: It is used to confirm only. For example, K ( <= jQ (S$ = 0 ' g (Is the blind and the seeing
alike?). The answer of this question will be either ‘Yes’ or ‘No’. 'g is not used to get some information.
It is only for the confirmation purposes. The sentence J;< & DC a 0+ 'g will be wrong.
• G: It is used to get the explanation of something. It is equivalent to the English word “What”. For
example, y <4( C- G (What is that disaster?). G is also used to negate a sentence. The context determines
whether it is interrogative or negative.
• PG: It is used to determine a specific person. It is equivalent to the English word “Who or whoever”. For
example, 4K SK-L J(D P
= G r
L 1 = 0 ! U; UM&C (Surely, Allah will bring out who are in the graves). PG is used only
for Allah or His intellectual creatures i.e. humans, angels and giants. It is not used for animals, plants and
non-living matter. G is also used to determine a specific thing. For example, !( T( M
C SL%C 0K G K = G( MC SKU;1 "DC
!( ( = + ( = P "= T (These used to learn from both of them by which they caused separation between a
person and his wife.)
• ìG: It is used to determine the time of a specific event in past or future. It is equivalent to the English
word “When”. For example, y K <= S Cg G (When this promise will be fulfilled).
• MC E0&: It is used to determine the time of a specific horrible event in future only. It is equivalent to the
English word “When”. For example, P (y 0 K S= 0 MC E0&C MC SLBC$
= 0 (They ask: When will be the Day of
Judgment?). The difference between G and M C E0&C is that G is used to specify any event in past or future
whereas M C E0&C is used to specify a horrible event in future.
• ?": It is used to ask the details. It is equivalent to the English word “How”. For example, MC C ?
"= C
V
T(2C K L %( < (How was the end of deniers?).
• P0&: It is used to determine the place. It is equivalent to the English word “Where”. For example, H i(G S= 0
C P 0=&C (Today, where is the place to flee?).
• :: It is used to determine the number. It is equivalent to the English word “How many or how much”.
For example, H "T H 0 P
= G( := gK "= * := C (How many clear signs We have provided them?).
• E5&: It is used for various meanings. It is equivalent to the English word “From where”. For example, E5&C
a L J( ML SL20 (From where I’ll have a child?). It is also used for the meaning of “How”. For example,
*(S= G 1= T !K U; p( ( g J("
= 0K E5&C (How Allah will make it alive after its death?). It is also used in the
meaning of “Whatever or whenever”. For example : = Ki R( E5&C := 2L C=
SK*B DC (Come in your tilth in whatever
way you want).
• y &: It is used to select something. It is equivalent to the English word “Which”. For example, &C
&C P( "= -C 0(C (Which one of these two parties is on the right?).
• 0S( $*: To describe equality of two options. For example, := gK 4= ( K* := C = &C := K *4= C 5C& := ( "= ;C < ¥ S (It is equal
whether you warn them or not). Here the is used in its figurative meaning.
• (5: To describe negative meanings. For example, ML $
= 6( UN( M( $
= 6( y F ' g (Is the reward of
generosity is any thing other than generosity?). It means that the reward of generosity is nothing except
another generosity.
• 4C25N: To deny something. For example, !K U; = &C :K ;C <= &C := K5=&C&C (Do you know more than Allah?). !( U; "= C &C
MC SK<= * (Do you call someone other than Allah?). Both of these questions are asked to deny that.
• 5 G&: To instruct or forbid something. For example, MC SKKG := K5=&C ' g (Will you abstain?) The
question is asked to instruct the readers of the Quran to abstain from intoxicants and gambling. : = K 5S= #
7
= *&C
pK S= #
7
= * M &C
&C !K U;CD (Do you fear them? Allah is more deserving that you fear Him). This question is
asked by the Quran to forbid the audience i.e. Muslims from the fearing the unbelievers.
• :"(1*: To express the respect or power for someone. For example, !( 5(z {(T( UN( pK = <( 9K C #
= 0 (U Cz P= G
(Who can intercede in Allah’s court except His permission?). The objective of asking this question is to
demonstrate the respect of those who will intercede in God’s court with His permission.
• (-*: To express the disrespect or weakness of someone. For example, (U Cz P= DC := 2L L 7 = 0 M N(
p( ( 1= T P= G( := L K K = 0 (If Allah leaves you, then who can help you after that?). The objective of asking this
question is to describe the weak position of a helper besides Allah.
• IK,1 *: To express the amazement. For example, !( "= ;C < !( U; :K = ( zL EG( SL;L B * UC& := 2L C G (What
happened to you that you don’t eat on what Allah’s name is prescribed?). The objective of asking this
question is to express the amazement with an ultimate objective to instruct the audience to eat the
slaughtered animals on which Allah’s name is prescribed.
Test Yourself
Translate the following passages of the Quran and describe the objective of each sentence as given in the
example. Read the context of these verses, if something is not clear.
8
K S= _ SL-1= 0
z N( Q RK := KL = &C
SLC% (1= T P= G( MC KK1= * G !( "(( qC C% z N(
'C "(<Ù : "(g T= N( h (T ! CN( h
CN( K K1= 5
MC SK;( $
= GK !K C PK
= 5 n(
nCN( = N(
(2:133)
= N( 'C "(<Ù : "(g T=N( UMN( MC SLSL-* = &C
= &C nOSKg SK5C ¦
C = jQ _ SL-1= 0
(2:140) 4 5
Worth Reading
What is the problem of a modern man? Who deserve the Paradise?
http://www.mubashirnazir.org/PD/English/PE01-0003-Deserving.htm
M &C UN( EG( MC SK-( * ' g _ ( 2( 'C g= &C 0 ' %L
'L = %C P= G( qC F( 5=&L G "= CN( qC F( 5L& G !( U;(T EG
(5:59) M C SL-( CD := L )C &C UM&C
M N( C pK SK( 7
= KDC :H ; <( P= G( := L = <( 'g ' %L
MC SKWK 7 = * UN( := K5=&C M N( EPU UN( MC SK1(E*
(6:148)
= kC (
3( >( | ( C-( *(0(T SKTUC P 0(U
MC SL; 1= 0 SK5C G UN( MC = F ,
= 0K ' g := K L<= &C
(7:147)
K >&C J5N(
(7:59)
:= 2L C 'C "(% CzN( := 2L C G SKG P 0(U 0&C 0
}
( 4= jQ CN( := K; %C U !( U; '( "( J(D K( 5
DC 3( >( | P= G( "5= 3( "
(T := K"(t4 &C
'b "(;%C UN( 3( >( | J(D "5= 3( " KG
(9:38)
?
K SK0 C;< EG B * h
C G 5T&C 0 SLC%
(12:11) M C SKW ( C !K C E5N(
P 0(( E$ 9 G MC SL2* U&C h
C G d
K "(;T=N( 0
(15:32)
!K 1 G SKG P 0(U qL SKE qC SL-0 E
I
a 0(%C !( U; = 5 UMN( C& !( U; K = 5 G
(2:214)
' %L g= GK MC E0&C ( < E$ P= < h 5SLCB$ = 0
(7:187) JT4 = <( K ; <( E5N(
V
%( O( W := K= L M N( K <= S Cg G MC SLSL-0
(10:48)
MC E0&C MC K1K #
= 0 G H "
= &C K "= C 8
a SG= &C
(16:21) M C SL)1 = 0K
Worth Reading
Suspicion kills a person. How? http://www.mubashirnazir.org/PD/English/PE02-
0007-Suspicion.htm
Worth Reading
What is backbiting? What is its impact on a society? Read in detail:
http://www.mubashirnazir.org/PD/English/PE02-0003-Backbiting.htm
Dear Reader!
Build Your Personality
In this lesson, we shall continue our study of
Islamic Economics. This is taken from a book ´1G
Peace is not the absence of war; it is a
virtue; a state of mind; a disposition for
JG6 O % of =
j Í PT W5 "# . benevolence; confidence; and justice.
-
@
( ( ?LA1 :(
K '( DL 2 P(G d
H &L ;< 0O % ~ 8 K %< S-* M& :qj
.u :( L ( DL /
( L P(G n T (q1
Poverty, lack of resources +( S< Taking advantage of +( 5 Taking by force +( FT
'( oN ( , PG n T (!("( * q( I$2 ( º q( T '( 1 oN ~ 9K DO :J(5)
.( 1"tS q(
.O Dj /1T ( 0& ± 8
( C) :( 7
* oN O *K J( ( D( @
K N :r)
:O % ¦# P(G n W> x4SW 6 E
%
IK E* * J( "< 0O % 4( oN 9K ( 0 5N T :( 0=* L 2
:T
-D
3C sMj ÃI$2; H "; ( "= L ;" K (1* ( 0S( T @
k sM{D 0O % ( "
PD !";<
9 kC - e;G P< 3b 4< 3L pD J5N '< C ,"5 J(*B* } K ( -K ";< L'( 0 J(
(P"= *)
N J(D 3b O0+ }-
C ( K0 M & MC KT G1 3( ) PG ËT } ( ( - qG PG
3b O0+ $" 2 (g ± 3b O0+ Jg T ( 0A P< ~ ( /( 1T q( SGj J(*B* J( 3L O0FD
.G1 Gj 3( oN ni"R ? "K* 5j Ã(9% S ±
P 0(<- P(G H A ( ;> oN ( k oN '( $2 oN 3b <G TT '( GK 1 4 #5 sM{D h
sM{D "< ( "
P(G .'H < & H K MO p
4( 5 ( 0A P< qC MC SK$ ( 20
P(G K 0(F*K !(* oN ni"R ?
K "(*K 5j Ã(0S( T 8
( ";1 P(G ni"R K "($0 9 ,
.!(*52GN !(*4%
( C2T(
L "K0 J( K S" !"D 'L >K * k7 '( Wj ± Sg 4K :4( SK"TK
b3=") 9( " g ;< L ;)Gj .!(;& & !(G & P) & P( )CT 'L º Sg (M10(
'% M S". '(
9K "T S ± ( "= k ( ± h( $ 9K "T ®
* M& '% 4( ) 9K "T G
J(T& P1D :; !";< ^ ;W ^ qS4 ( E$ K T(
a T S" P(G ( S g :K 0=* . CSK0 M &
_
( T Jg ( S" P(G S g :( 0=* L 2
“.4( 9( "T P< ^ qL S4 5” :q% 30g
.8
( <+K 8
( CD(7
Borrower }
( ( - Lender }
K ( -K Deposited, kept ( 1"tS
Laziness, idleness '( $2 He deducted 9 kC - Magnification, increase :( 7
*
& ( kC ;$ q( ( 0A P< :q( ;< q( S ; z( S qC x0& L 10# ( G E
J(T 8 ( %W ;< !K ;C 1 % :; !";< ^ ;W qSD a g ( "(C; PT r0
(zSL
!";< ^ ;W ^ qL S4 I ( D EJCN = 0( gL& 0 g pg :2 g :q% 9 4 G1D H:";
n 4 'L ( 1& J5{D 1T G&” :!";< & ^ (
M& 1T q-D ~ I kC > % :;
D EJCN = 0( g= &L 0 g( pg :2 g :qS-"D :LK
& J(*B"D ^ J(5s G( 4H SG& J(D :2(G
“. & !"N K0& K L "D !( G& ( "T & !"T& ( "T ± d ;C
@( 5N 0A h "% !5{D (q I ( $ 'C K 6 E"% 2D :
6
MC S>= N( SK5C P 0(4K UMN(” :o1* q%
0
6 9K "D !"D
( q
h ; (DC #
"(1G 8 = k( T H 0= %C P(G 2 C;g= &C := C ” :!5 q% [27 : 6 ] “.V ( A( "E#
( S oN K 6 SK<0 .[58 :¬ - ] “.n;"(;%C UN( := g( ( 1= T PG PC2$ = *K := C := K K( $G
“.xG S%C h (zC P "= T MC C KK- 0 := C SLD( $ = 0K := C SL-C 5C& Cz(N P 0(U ” :@56 J(D q <
.[67 :M% ]
!5 ^ qS-0 (qK PG !1= G q( F = h K 6 K 0K :q FK =
“.:H "(&C _H C1 T( :Kg= #DC !( s; '( "( J(D 5SL-( K0 C C E( I g U MC KF(2 0 P 0(U ” :o1*
.[34 :TS ]
¦# ± 'C >* M& 6 s' ± (
P(G :O % ¦ ( # J(D 'L > * :n"5
/1T ($T ( RK & !(" & ¦ ( # g ( % ( ¥ S KO Dj pKR( 0K O %
.!*RG MC SLi"($0 & O Dj !< FK , ( 1K0 O % ¦# !( &
qC > ° C
zN 9( , O D& VT O % M+ S ( "- ( Gj J( 'L >* hz PG
;< "= J(T L "CD + V
:; !";< ^ ;W ^ qS4 !;1D G Sg (M+ S hz
P="T MC +K S : "(-0K J2 hz ÃP0"= -D P( "= ;C K 4 sN :; 4 5j MC O :gE
P0
P0 4( 5j VT (0f oN :(0T DC C s2G J(D :C SG& SL* % SK5 P0 P0
C3) qC MSL2;( 0 S5
.')( P( )CT 0(2KG P< x= 3( 2C K 9( ;($ < 9K "T x0& hz PG
G1 Wl "2;f ( 0(
'L
:";< ( -T6 g(K S* ( -
* x4SG& ( "2; h;* ( 0( 6
R
( +( S L "( * ^ S-* _
( 1( I
(
2# (hs; J(D "( PK $
Ï1
.!G nDS> ^ n TGK J(0
.
$ S 8-
K >N q SGj F( = ( < 3F
K >N Ï2
.I
( ( %C $ M
H S5 BT q( SGj ;< ( < :K 0=* Ï3
.(T ^ G& ( 5Gj y O& Ï4
.8G1K (OSL-1K ( "(S* (P0( L T( Ï5
.3>| P< } <6 K < "5K ®
( g( T(
( (T qL < Ï6
GN Ã!(( 4K K
K :Sg !K "$ :p=" `(W !($5 ` ( ( !( "$ ;< K , Ï7
"5 z( T( ( ( ± !(4 !(-$( GN MSK, J( ±
( P( $K
( 1
;< ( ,. p("= ( M( $56 ;< ,. .:( SG& ±
PG MC SK10 ) D
.r
( ;L )L ;< 3H O0FT
( J(D /
( 0 ;< !(G L
( d
( ;( K
.~; !K KiC"* '( 1 ¾
( DL OK ,=0N Ï8
eL ;C T& I( $
( K ( 0S M - k;$ L T%4 ( "2; 0(
' P(G :k;$ L TC%4( Ï9
0+ SG (;"(02G J(D @ SÇ !(% KT( hz "( P(G q SGj ( 0(
J(D ( "= B*
( CO"( Aj P0(O E P "= AE"7
% G 42
u 8
41j ( 1TG
.:(k0* :(=gN I
( $T pS;*& G :0
Measurement
instruments
'( "(02G Seeking company _
( He executes/exercises K R( 0K
Prices, plural of 1 41j Development L "( * Control ( % G
Pharmacists, chemists ( CO"( Enjoyments ®
( g( G He observed °
C
( 4(
( gj J(D sN 10+S* & C;"
qC 1 +K SK,0 >j I ( ( I ( 5
PG 0A P< 3F 9 S0 Sg G6 .TS 34S PG 8% 0 =*O
J(
PG 3C F MSK1 ,0 :( "%j oN !* 'L ( K0 $ 3 !";< M % (} ( !KTK 0
qG ± ( "= -; a S;1G a
3F .5S- ( $0 PG ;< gSK<+S "K( :";< IK ,
( * P0 ( "j
( .q SGj _ ( W& P="T ( C-L P="T b R MS20 3L F !"D I K ,
( * qL D J(
.
n AT !1"T MS20 !K
W !K < T zN !1"T +K SK,0 3L F !"D
= zN qC sM& y - 4 E%C
Fragments x"* Old age C > SK7"R Taking care of each
other
'L DL C2=
It will take in full J(DS$* Sufficiency 02 Level S$KG
Taxes, plural of 0t I
( ( Edge
It will be circulated
K *K Saving 4( >O Marginal propensity
'L "
Industry 8
K < Distribution of
income
'> 9( 0+S* Consumption (
Avoidable (
K 8
( K Hatred, grudge ( -(
Difference in classes of
Capital q ~
( &4
society J(-kC Earning livelihood @
( F*(4
'L 1 :K ;$
qS qS-0 .5ß "j ( G < @ ( F(*4 oj L ;"S Sg 'C 1 6 K (10
M N b "T & a "= A !G 'B"D n<4+ 4F0 & n ~0 :;$G PG G” ::; !";< ^ ;W
.[:;$G p 4] “.%W !T !
G sN !(
SKAC G& ? K -( 0 !K 0=F< 0K .!(
!( ;( < ML "G Jg (1 ( ;< } K 4j
nSLzC }
4= BC :K 2L C 'C 1 (U S gK ” :o1* q% . . q. O(
P(G ' F< ^ pE
;< '( 1 SG K ( -0 [15 :h;f ] “.4K SK# !( "= CN( !( %( += 4 P(G SL;L (( G J(D SK#G= CD
H 1G & 'H < ' 'L ( #0
9K $ ( E0 5N .4( ,=* & ( ( & M( G &
(
S "D & 04 ON & "gz & 0( 0 n < M& ¥ S .!s-$0 H & 'C T-G M$56 0OK0
.'b < ( G1 ( Wl L 0S( jD .( ; & "1G H iC"( & ¬
H 7# M&
'1 8
;< !0O0 'C 1 P-( E"KD (T DS PG 'L G1 PK s20
!*;kG !*GF;$G
1* M & Ï1
.!( P$
&
P= G = &C 9K "
( 5K C E5N( 8
( (E SL;( < SKG P 0(U UMN(” :o1* q% ÃM-*6 ¾>6 Ï2
.!(g,* ( "($fT 4( S1# !(0<4 PK $
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[282 :3- ] “.>= jy
The right of canceling an open agreement is given to a party in these cases: (1) One party breaches a term of
agreement. (2) A party cancels the agreement before finalizing it. (3) The agreement is conditional. If such
conditions are not met, the agreement will become void. (4) The agreement is about sale of a product and the buyer
is given the right to cancel the agreement after he looks at the product, if it does not meet the quality standards
mentioned in the agreement.
'
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Quantities 0(O- Trickery, deception 'K0 Traps, plural of S & 'C "(T &
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(1) Its example is selling a bond on discount. A company issues a bond having a repayable value of $100. The bond
will be repaid by the company after one year. The company receives only $90 for it. Remaining $10 is interest which
is not allowed in Islam.
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fake buyers in the market
u
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Reports 04- He hunts OK Ck 0 Environment
(
The line of Equator ( S
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organizations
8
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Dear Reader!
You have seen how questions are used in metaphorical meaning. Build Your Personality
Same is the case for the words and sentences used to describe wish, Quran requires us to be
hope or call. In Arabic, the word * (wish) is used to usually careful about other’s
describe the possible or impossible wishes. If it is likely to satisfy privacy.
that wish, it is called * (hope).
The word used to describe a wish is one i.e. " but some other words are also used in figurative sense to
describe a wish. They are following:
•
"C: It is used to describe a wish. It is usually used with 0 before and a pronoun after it. For example, 0
:= K 1 G
K L J("= C (Ah! I wish I had been with them).
• 'g: Originally, it is used to ask a question. It is also used to describe a wish. For example, P= G( C ' g
C SK1C #
= "DC Q 1C RK (Ah! We wish we had some intercessors who intercede for us).
• SC: Originally, it is used to describe a condition. But it is also used to describe a wish. For example, S= C
MC SK;C 1= 0 SK5C (I wish they used to know).
• U'1: Originally, it is used to describe a possible wish or hope. Exceptionally it is also used to describe an
impossible wish. For example, 3n 4 ( 1= G SLC% n0(R nT C< := K TK1 GK = &C := K 2L ;( = GK !K U; nG=S%C MC SL1( * : ( := K = G( b EG&L
= CC% z N(
MC SL-E0 := K U;1 C := 2L T4 CN( (When a group of them asked them, “Why do you admonish people whom Allah
will destroy or punish them sternly?” The replied, “To be able to offer an excuse before your Lord and we
wished they fear God”). Here those Jews are under discussion who violated the Law of Sabbath. Some of
their pious people used to forbid them to do so. When they were asked why you admonish these violators
while it is confirm that they will not leave their practice. They replied that with the word '1.
• U'1: It is mainly used to describe a possible wish or hope. Exceptionally it is also used to describe an
impossible wish. For example, M
C K 2L #
= * := 2L U;1 C h
(zC ( 1= T P= G( =:2L = < 5S= C < E:L (We forgave you with a hope that
you become thankful).
• $<: It is mainly used to describe a possible wish or hope. Exceptionally it is also used to describe an
impossible wish. For example, : = K = < S L 1= 0 M &C !K U; $< (We hope that Allah will forgive them.) When it is
used for Allah, there is a hidden promise in it.
To call people, several words are used. They include "g 0 & 0 : Two of these words
& are used to call a person who is near to the speaker. Rest of the words are used to call someone away. Its
reverse is also used in certain cases. The detail is as follows:
• This style is also used for the exactly opposite objective that the position of the speaker is so high
that he / she does not want to bring the inferior audience nearer to him / her. For example, in
response of Prophet Saleh’s call to his nation, they replied in a arrogant manner and said, 0 SLC%
V
;( = K P= G(
L M N( 5K 1( * T( ( `
K (W (They said, “O Saleh! Bring the punishment what you
have promised us, if you are one from the prophets.”)
Like the interrogative words, the words used to call are also used in figurative meanings as follows:
• N: To motivate the audience. For example, ,RK 0 (O brave!). Here the objective of calling the
brave person is not merely calling him. The real objective is to motivate him to demonstrate his bravery.
• +: To scold the audience. For example, :K ( 0 (O offender!). Here the objective of calling the
offender is not merely calling him. The real objective is to scold him.
• ,* "*: To express astonishment and stress. For example, g #T 0 (O good news! This
boy!). When the travelers found Prophet Joseph $ 3S; !";< in the well, they expressed their
astonishment in these words.
• 9S* $*: To express grief or pain. For example, ML K4C% J *(L& G 'C ) G( C
"= C 0 (Ah! We wish to
receive what was given to Qaroon). Here the objective of calling " 0 is to express their desire.
• ¾>N I
K : To express the love and affection. For example, S% 0 (O my nation!). Here the
objective of calling the nation is to express one’s relation with his nation.
Test Yourself
Translate the following passages of the Quran and describe the type and objective of each sentence as
given in the example. Read the context of these verses, if something is not clear.
(25:28)
n "(;> n5LD 7
( E*&C := C J("= C J(;C 0= 0
M &C CN( h
C ' g ' -L DC .AC !K E5N( MC S= < = D( CN( I
= g z
(79:17-18) UF *
pK SL;K- * h
C J( PH "= < 3L E%L MC S= < = D( 3L &CG=
= CC%
(28:9) nC pK C7 ( E5 = &C 1 C 0 M &C $<
Worth Reading
Which attitude is better: Putting justification or admitting one’s fault?
http://www.mubashirnazir.org/PD/English/PE02-0001-Accepting.htm
U'1 C (4= * !K $
5 : ;C C = -C DC !( U; O K
K E1 0 P= G
(65:1) n=G&C h (zC 1= T L (
= 0K ! U;
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(7:59) : H "(<
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(7:88) (U;G(
Worth Reading
What is the difference between traditional mentality and creative thinking?
http://www.mubashirnazir.org/PD/English/PE03-0013-Pineye.htm
Dear Reader!
Build Your Personality
In this lesson, we shall study excerpts from the famous
My life is an indivisible whole, and all
travelogue of Ibn Batuta. He was a Moroccan who traveled
around the world during 1325 – 1353CE / 725 – 754H. His my attitudes run into one another; and
destinations include the Middle East, the Central Asia, they all have their rise in my insatiable
India, China, and Eastern and Central Africa. The length of love for mankind.
his travels is estimated to be above 120,000 km.
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(1) It is Tangiers, a city in Morocco, situated at the narrowest point of Mediterranean.
My age J Nests 4( SLK My birthplace J(&4
L -C $G
Time of oppressive heat °
( "- M( TN Fatigue xW Hidden in the middle of
chest
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(1) Tunis. A small country in North Africa. (2) Algiers, the second largest country of Africa. (3) A royal dynasty
who ruled over certain African countries.
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with me
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at Ba’albak, Lebanon
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(1) Tripoli, the capital of Modern Libya. (2) It indicates how easy it was to marry. (3) Alexandria, the second largest
city of modern Egypt. (4) Calicut, a city in Southern India. (5) Arabs describe all Central Asians as “Turks”. (6) This
lighthouse was one of the seven wonders of the ancient world. Constructed around 250BC and demolished in 1320s.
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(1) Present-day Cairo. (2) It is a historical mosque built by A’mr Ibn A’as !< ^ Jt4 who conquered Egypt. (3)
Zawiyah or Khaniqah was a religious monastery for education. It indicates the level of public services.
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a F<& Its revenue pÛ Monastery,
religious institution
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(1) Memphis, ancient capital of Pharaohs. (2) Fustat, a city founded by A’mr Ibn Al-A’as at the place of modern
Cairo. (3) Hebron, Palestine. (4) Bethlehem, a town in Palestine. (5) Jerusalem.
Doors I
a < Lane, street C %+& Paying ransom for
(prisoners or slaves)
( 2D
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Thamud
,. Pavement ?
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(1) Ibn Batuta visited Baghdad after it was destroyed by Tatars. It was also destroyed by internal conflicts of
Muslims e.g. Sunni-Shia, Hanafi-Shafi’i etc. (2) It was difficult to arrange water for taking a bath at home because
there were no toilets. The style of old baths was that people used to take a bath in a hall where water was supplied.
(3) It was the biggest university of the Muslim world.
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(1) When loud speakers were not invented, the method of teaching a big group of students was that certain people
will loud voice were appointed to repeat the words of a teacher.
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g d"” :J(TW& ! q-D .:(1T ËN !"D K If oN M# 1K W f
& "D M 4“.Jt- 'L 0F5 g” ::C q% !(TWBT
D “.!"-D Sg 5N T
.:g
& ËN r1T ;k P(G ;K ± ( '
oN *BD hT !CD 1 D Jt- _W&
...!(TW& Jt- ;< K s; J(TW& 5& K FD
(1) Colombo, Srilanka. (2) Singapore. (3) Mogadishu, present capital of Somalia. (4) It was a common practice
among rulers to make intelligent people and scholar their guests in order to get advantage of their knowledge.
Shell
d" Mk;$ pST& .2d" Mk;$ M`_ 4SL2* != :1""kk$- M( k; K z
!";< s;$D !"N K ;W Å ...d(2 ± 3( O1; 9k-5 I K g * K g F* !2 3". "-T
(GC- P< - 3( 7 P< ~-f ( "T P< J(B .' 1D& :;D d ;( & M& oN 4 R&
@ 1 G #GO P< Å $ !";< '";l 0G P< :. "T P< $"(< G P<
:pOj q% JG !,<BD .!"T J("T :K ( 0K O( S" .!; hz P< !KBD OT
“.pSKG( & ' g SKG( &”
!(&4 @ SD h
K ;f ;1,0 J( PG b U;( GK (:E,;C GK
H E$
GK ~
H T Ë G& n1;(> J;< 9 ;C > :L
K g( R&L
S0 s' ± 0fT J1G I K 0 PG P "= 1K0 M& !G K ;A .MGj L G< Jg
...hz Ë P E"1 D .OT ± gLz& ,<
5 ...4( F , :K "< a 5 "T P( "= $-(T b $-G (2( J(D b "gG Jg :0f K (z
“J($ K T=&C” ( g :K ._4 S- ± K 1K0 M| Sg . = T7D H "(G 3L k% E-* "D !";<
!"D . P(G ( "%# 3( K1T Sg ..“qSkW&” $K0 ( 0f PG P( "= $- K
& ....3
4SK$ .Mk;$ % 3b ="W b 1;% pK <& ± ...~ ( !(O _ ( T4& M( k;$ 2
b 0% 3H #< S5 !"D . ( ( P(G !"N H
j 'C " 9a 5G Sg 'º à
L "K0
.0f PG :$- g
( ± Jg K1 L $"2 3b G<
¾
a > :K $- g .. PG "T 3K1T Sg 4“k; ” $K"D G J(5) :$- G&
...""kk$- h ( ;( H < ' ± b " :";< ....
W& :g .!5SK2( $0 ®5D6 4 (T
( $"2 K z ...PH L K ( G S5 !T
K 0&4 .J f :( <& PG :gG 34,(* 'g& 1"
....4“"DSW0&” :g< $K* Jg .pKg( RL& :;D ;K> O G& 4> K L 5 5N :K1
(1) Constantinople was the capital of Eastern Roman Empire at that time. It was conquered by the Muslims in
1453CE around 120 years later. (2) George. (3) It is now called the “Bosphoros”. (4) They’ve still the same name.
!1G ( - ± b 4 "(T& P( 0O ;< 5& ( *j P(G M( S*l ( KW ± M P( C
oN K ;W :L ... n 0F k< :K= k<& :C = 5(zBD :gOT oN 3( OS1 ± MC z6 (G SK;C AC
P(G !( "(;0 G 1“'*&” 5 ;< 5= D$D ...hT+& Mk;$ %4D r L "
“M>* . ” ( 0G
3( 4L- ± p;1 ( ";º P(G x1k% 1k% Q ,
zN .3b G Jg p"
...!T K (k5 !G _
K ( #D ¥G K "= 0
@
K Sj v .K7t& L;=& K<& *j M( KG K & Jg 2“ +4 S>” oN ;W
:(*)2 (5s2$T ® K ** Jg .3L "= j PK 3L =")2 3L 41 L "$ K 4 S# L ";f
O( M( & ± K ,K0 Sg ...3MS" 5 +4 S> ( 47(T .. . SG :(T ( S*
< !";< SL2; T4 .KR& $> p(OS 3C G -* !";< ~ K hK ;L $0 .'*& 5 ,K0
`
- G MS;,0 2“G(*” oN I ( fT ?
( " 0& !"D D$0 . S2;D M( TC ± p(>&
....4( (
K;( H #< 3L ="$G Jg "= 1#
2“47KT” 0G oN ;W G xGS0 3H 4< 4H ,R& 4H =5& H ; G P "= *($T ± 5( :L
0G oN 8
K D ...47 '"<Ù PT Í ^ < ST& V GN "N I K $K 0 J(
a 42G :C % 'L g& .... *& K$
& M( & PG Jg .2“%”
PT ~1 PT :( )% K % %
( 47(T .47KT '( g& P(G a "= > :g .I
( 0 ± b G @
a >&
...!T P< ~1 P< ^ Jt4 I;kf <
F5 :L .h UB* 8 = E#-C D gS G ;$D H34
H G PK "= < '( º (T 5
.qH $> p1D .'º Sg “="g” b $> “®T” Ò1G 4“="g ®T” _
1K0 9H tS(T
q( PG qL F( = 0 a T !5B @4+& :H "< H 5 ;< 341 3L =") b $
b 0G hg = 5
...5“M#>T”
(1) The Volga River. It comes from North Russia and ends at the Caspian Sea. (2) All of them are cities of modern
“Uzbekistan”. (3) The River Oxus. It is the boundary between Afghanistan vs Tajikistan & Uzbekistan. (4) Panj
Sher. (5) Both of them are in Afghanistan.
Slopes 4( (
K Melting of snow M( TC It freezes K ,K0
Big dishes @
( Aj Leather bag b <-G Mile '( "
Chick peas ¬
( K .
L Bell 'L Domes _
a L%
Beans qS Originating from C Dk$f Ready P 01$G
O( T 3L <% Jg ...2“M;KG” 0G oN “!&” PG 8 K D Å ...1“!&” 0G oN ;WSD
_
(
1f O S q"G& 3#< D$G ;< "N ( 0k ± .!( G&L ( "= G& PK 2$G ($
± P="*G MS<4F0 ( v 'L g& ...I fT N +,K0 42 ( 0O( j PG Sg “OT& $>”
xGS0 P=" 1T pK
J(0l 4F SK<4+ (°"C- M( & ± :g< K kf qF5 z{D .( $
...!(< 4+ P(G
PG .. sM& J(5>BD 7 G !KB$D .TW& /1T :1G 5(2$< PG MSK< 0 ~ 0&4
J(TW& Q C%
C 3.!1G $ 5 @
K
*K !K*&G (!%( ( 4K ( , & 8G O( Sv
.. P(G 3C &f 4& O h ;* ± K hz 1T .!1G = %
"
( -C 5< 5& K>&
1G 00 VT @ K STj qL Aj D :H ;$G PG 5S10 ~ b 4 b 0FKG O( Sv
(%
N J(D MC k;$ SK5zC B (Mk;$ O( T hz M zN .OSv y L :g Lg
....5SL%K"D :C ML z( K"D
VT L 1Gº L 7 M( B# L "1 0f Jg . O( T 3<% “J;gO” 3t
oN ;W
'T (v M( G :K C <& Jg .="5 "5K O( T ± ! :K ;C 1K0 4K SK$ ";< (5 . P( $L.
P(G hz s' !KRD !L- !K5k"
(
$ K "= J;gO 9K G( ...@#(T s; ( 6 M( G
!"D .W& !T C #> !(% N P( -C *& ¾ ( W(T b - ;KG H5 K T& (*S /
( " 3( 4,.
.MS PG( b 1T4& ! (,. PG 0& pKG H34,
P(G b% 3#<
(1) Its is now a small town near DG Khan called “Uch”. Ibn Batuta traveled through the River Indus probably from
present-day Attock to Uch. (2) A famous city situated in middle of Pakistan. It was the capital of Sindh at that time.
(3) It is a tradition is Hindus that a widow burns herself along with her husband. Now this practice is abolished but it
is still practiced in less developed areas.
'L g& _K #0 !G u P0 d K R Mk;$ oN _ K S$f 1:K "1 } K S. J;gO ( 47(T
;< !Kt< P( "= ;C "G SK 5 !LSA .kf ( G PG 9K ( ,0 gK£G .gs GK P(G _ ( -T Sg 0f
:"-K0 8%j ( )& ± .a ,$G L;> O K~ "N '>O y s'% z{D ....!SA P(G ? (
"D 4 + }S. g I ( 5 S ± y E? zN !";< MSL;Sf ^ oN MSK1k( -f y - (T
...( ,
K "= W 3( . K 0R Sg ( Wj ( >j ( "k ( )- 4( "l ( 2K$ I
%
"= 55O ( oN `( L- P(G e;T
y ER $ v O( T ;<
L - CS C
?H 5( 'H AC 4 _ ( $(T (MF7 P(G H K R& ( 1L -5 J;gO '( g& 9( "º Ck1K0 M& ML k;$ G &
3L - y - > . x<
K x"= x"= W S" ± MH $5N s'2 (_ q( A4& P(G
.(T 8 K -0 R& S< H
'2 k1K0 ~ M0 (8 4. 'gB(T CG+j MS20
M .(T "= Gj '% $ OT P(G MC ;G } ( 4BT M( k;$ ;< ? > MD& pR M
( C _
D .!KG( -K0 !5& : ;( 1D !(- ML k;$ F E,* .!($( C k;$ <O aO + !T $K0
oN I !C;1D (G Mk;$ Ú C D ";< 4K ( -0 H 1"G qH ,(T MC S :g MDj !(GS-T
..pOT M( Dj PG pK PG ;< SK-0 M& !<
@ Sj '( =& P(G .“OT _A” @SK $K* 28 ( "(K P "= (K; @K SK “OT O” 0(T
S _a T 4( ; .!(
W 4( O oN J(K0 _ a T ! MH sO s' .3=")2 PK "= !"D g&
Jg K%C * & L "f !"D d
K ;( ,* H"= H G 'L 2R !(k ± wT Pa 0FG 8 K SK5 .hz
bD>FG b RG b "< b % @ ( S$
( ± .gG P (0 04 S J;. S5BT b 0FG
.!L2"G !KG > !00 P "= T d"> S0 ' PG 1 3( W 1T P "= Tkf K "= G& "D d K ;,0
± .
K ( 0 :L _f ( % oN P %C 0 !00 VT P "= "D >& 1T n A 8 K "f J(*B*
.3( ; K $f @
( S$ h;(*
(1) It indicates the welfare works of the king. (2) It indicates the luxurious lifestyles of kings. After working in the
Civil Service of the king, Ibn Batuta started his travel to China.
...“3º ” 30F oN ;W ....“M ” 0G “,T” O( T PG g;>O 0G q&
ML k;$ I
( 4 zN !5& :g< 3L O1 ....3b 5 3b > Jg .H S0 ?
( 5 3( ="$G ;< g0&4
....'C "l !1G PG I
4 C'"
*” V h K ;( G .OK S 'L 1* :g*SG MS%K0 Wj MK10 4a V 'g&
.:g2K$T( MC KO( C 0 .P "= ;$; b 0G V M( K GK P(G H 0G ' ± .1“M> F"2*” 04z P(G
MS;B0 V 4K .MSGKG MSU1G :g .g S 8 ( 1Kº
L ( G%6 K $f "D :v
:g< P( kL- P(G
S _ S) K0 ....:(% S& ± 5S1"0 _2 0+l SKL
....( 0. P(G 3( =")2 _
( SjT
n1k% !5SL2($0 hz PG :g(OT 'L 0 G 9K " .:H g4O 4H 0T MC SK100 V 'g&
9( TkT b <SkG ?2 4( -T G H 1k% ' 2H 9( k-T .:g£ R :K1"T 5N p5z
...3“S,%” 0G oN 0& 3#< 1T ;WSD ...“M” V W C 0G ;W ...M( k;$
;W ;D .4“MS0F ” oN Å “S,%” oN Å “$l ” oN ( ± P 0(4G 5(
5 ...
( v oN $ ;< Sº 8 K
M .“4j I,< 4 Gj I ± 4 K*” 3$K L ;
= 5 g
.1 V$> < ,. z r ± g""-* P(G ² L
(1) Changez Khan. (2) It indicates that paper money was invented initially by the Chinese. (3) Kingfo. (4) It seems
that Arabs have named different cities in Arabic for their own references. (5) After his return to Morocco, Ibn Batuta
traveled again to Spain and South West Africa.
Dear Reader!
Build Your Personality
As you already know that in classical Arabic, it was
not considered good to describe everything in words. Do not make a mockery of others. Quran
Arabs used to consider it a ridicule against the forbids it.
audience.
If a person described everything in words, he was charged for assuming his audience fool. As a principal of
the classical Arabic, the speaker should express his / her view in justifiable words. The concepts which are
already known to or understood by the audience should not be expressed in words. The valid reasons of
using words to describe something are as follows:
• To focus on something. When the communicator wants to penetrate a concept deeply in the audience
mind, more words are used for it. For example, M
C SK;( K := gK h
i(C= &L := ( T4 P= G( xgK C;< h
i(C= &L (They are on
the rightly-guided path from their Lord and they are the successful ones). Here the word h i(C= &L is
described twice in order focus more on the people whose attributes are described in previous verses.
• If something is not described in words, the audience may not understand it fully. For example, if a person
Zaid is under discussion, it will be enough to say 0 : 1= 5( (What a good friend!). The audience will
easily understand that this expression is about Zaid. His name is not required to be mentioned. But if,
Zaid is not under discussion at the moment, his name must be mentioned to clarify that he is the good
friend. The sentence will be 0 :
1(5 0+ (Zaid, what a good friend!).
• If the speaker wants to attack on the intelligence of the audience. (S)he can explain everything in words.
It will be a hidden attack on the audience. For example, a senior doctor may start explaining the basic
details of human body to a less skilled junior doctor.
• In legal matters, everything is clearly described in words so that nobody can deny.
• To express something surprising, more words are used. For example, Zaid is already under discussion. It
is not required to mention his name in each sentence. But if some amazing fact is described about Zaid,
his name will be mentioned in order to express the astonishment. j C% 0+ (Zaid fought with a lion.)
• To respect someone, his positive attributes are described in clear words. For example, if it is asked 'g
a 0+ 9 4 (Did Zaid return?). In normal circumstances, the words :15 may be enough. But if the speaker
wants to express respect for Zaid, he will reply, ` K ( 9 4 :15 (Yes, the pious man returned.)
• To humiliate someone, his negative attributes are described in clear words. In above example, if the
speaker wants to humiliate Zaid, he will reply, :
K (C 9 4 :15 (Yes, the offender returned.)
Test Yourself
Translate the following passages of the Quran. Identify the deleted words (if any) at the place of [] and
describe the reason of deleting these words. If no word is deleted, identify the reason for describing the
words. Read the context, if something is not clear.
Analysis
Í J(T<
The verb “I start” is deleted because it is
understood. The reciter is starting the I begin :"
P=
^ :$T []
recitation of the Quran.
3H EW
J(D !K *K&C G=
= ;C % BCDC .:H "(;< H KT( pK KE#T
+a SK,< [] = CC% = = U2 DC
(51:28-29) : a "(-<
:K "(2
S gK 3( O E# I
( "= :K (< []
(6:73) K (7
' T qC C% _
H ( C H T( !( ( "(%C C;< y
'b "( a = W
[]
n=G&C := 2L $ K L 5C& := 2L C
= CES
(12:18) M C SL( * G C;< ML 1$ = K !K U;
J(1;( % &C y 0 ( Q G J(1;C T= } K 4= &C 0 [] 'C "(%
C;< [] 8 = S = K G= jQ J ( %L y /
"(
(11:44) V ( (U ( S= -C ; ( n=1TK 'C "(% O( SK,
}
( 4= jQ J(D P= T( [] 0(4&L ¡R &C (4= 5 E5&C
(72:10) nR4 : = K T4 := ( T( O 4&C = &C
Worth Reading
A large number of people kill their wife and children by giving them slow poison.
How? http://www.mubashirnazir.org/PD/English/PE04-0001-Smoking.htm
Analysis
Í J(T<
h
K 0 := C&C .xK = 0K M &C ML $5(6 I K $
= 0&C
[] ;C 7 DC n -C ;C < MC C E:L .= 0K J(G P= G( n C k 5K
C U P( "= = EF !K = G( 'C 1 ,
DC .[] ES$ DC
J "(= 0K M &C C;< 4H O( C-T( h (zC d "= C&C .C)5yj
(75:36-40) *S=
Analysis
Í J(T<
K SK, CzN( .[8 = 4 SL ] d K = E# CzN(
CzN( .[8 = "K ] qL , ( CzN( .8 = 4 2C 5
w
K SK
SK CzN( .[ = ;C k<K ] 4K #1(
CzN( .8 = ,K 4K ( CzN( .[8 = # (
K ]
BCT( .= ;C i(K 3L O yS= CzN( . = +K ~ K SL
CzN( .8 = #
( 5K ?K K CzN( . = ;C (%L I H 5=zC
.8
= 1K :K "(, CzN( . = kC # ( L y E$
G d
a 5 = ;( < . = C (+= &L L E, CzN(
(81:1-14) 8 =
= &C
( ;C Cg .V
("( 4( SLA .M( SK0=EF V ( ]
P( $
= &C J(D MC $5(6 - ;C > = -C C .[V ( G( jQ
(95:1-5) V ;( D( 'C C = &C pK 5O= O 4 E:L .¤H S( - *
¡:W
K [] .MC K( = 0K 8
H ;L L J(D := K C *
(2:17-18) M C SK1( = 0 := K DC Ja = <K :a 2 TK
h
< EO G [., CzN( '( "= U; . ]
P= G( h
C a "= > 3L >( æC .C;%C G h
T4
t= DC h
T4 h "(k1= 0K
S= $
C .Cyj
(93:1-5)
g"- K !( U; C %C 5 [] !( U; qL SK4 := K C qC C-DC
(91:13)
Dear Reader!
Build Your Personality
In this lesson, we shall study some excellent philosophical
The intuitive mind is a sacred gift and
works of the ancient Muslim scholars. In selecting the
excerpts in these lessons, we can got help from the <SSG the rational mind is a faithful servant.
Ákl J(T1 ( JG6 J(T1 2 .
10 M&
Died n " Healthy xTk$G Insight 3( ="
h
;C 4K0 M$56D ;)KG 34SW & ;KG n "T N M$; S LM$56 G :'"% v
.2 ( 3( S-T C " 4K0 : ( k :;1 3( SL-T(
$K"D hC; ( DL BT ;0 M& a ";7D ('1 :( ;1T ( 2 ( "T(* oN s; !K Eg(
W PD
“.¤a ( C h
a ;C G UN( Cg M N(” :o1* q% "5T4 n2;G
K15j 'L B* 'B0 "5( 8 ( s; *T ( 0S# 3S- ( "T* oN ; !(g
W PG
& I;2 x0t & H0F=7 xgR & 4H S)C x GN K "= "D .:( ( DBT ;0 M& ";7D
MH k"# K "= "D !; hz 9K ,0 & HI;1) MH 4 z & H x2G & H', xOS-
“.8
SLUk < 0(+7
3C O -( :K K =G( 'C 1 ” :o1* !S% hz ;< H0G
o1* !U; q% .M( S". / ( 1 N ( -"-. ± Sg d" M$5N 34SW !*4SW PG( a"= ) MS2
_ E ER UMN(” : q% “.n;"( ' t &C := gK ' T ( 15=BCC UN( := gK M N(” : !U; P< MSL;-( 10 P0 ±
:= K DC KC C P 0(U !( U; = <( _ E ER UMN(” :o1* q% “.MC SL;-( 1= 0 C P 0(U :K 2 K : !( U; = <(
._ R :Kg :C !U; C;1 J( 3C S- S;1$0 :C P0 sM& P"D “.MC SKG( = 0K C
Ja = <K :a 2 TK ¡:WK 5( <OK UN( 9K $
= 0 C T( K 1( = 0 (U '( )C C KC C P 0(U 'L )CG ” :o1* q%
“.MC SL;-( 1= 0 C := K DC
('G S# 'G Sv 0S2$G J;< ST&) "5$56 3k(
!(0&4 ± b 0 T ! .( # O( 4 '% :a "R( 0, :a g( qb 1D& Ï M$5N Sg (T Ï M$5ß
!";< !( " p< G ( "BT C 10# !"(*B* 5N 'T (# oN "D
K 0 .!(;-< ± 'b &
.;l &(G P(G !"D pkC o1* ^ p>& % .!(*kD ± Oa SSG !"D Pa G( Sg G K "= )D
Leopard H 5 Ox, bull 4S Negligent ;KG
Deceiving MH 4 z Having excessive desire xgR He matches 4K0
Wolf I
H ;1 Harmful x0t Suitable a ";>
Rebellious H 0G Having malice xOS-
Dull x
( . Grinding P( Ck
Bored xGKG Practice FKG He practices it gA10
J( qS% sqO g ;< n0T < ,0 !5B g0N !("g 9G gKT(2K0 v pa 4 GN
= $
%C PK
= 5” :!S% ± hT o1* W 'T “.! ;> f $"G s'” ::; !";< ^ ;W
“CMK(= *&C n = D( /
H 1= ( := 2L
1= T ; 1 ” : o1* !S% “.1= DC 4 "5= 3( "
J(D := K #
"(1G := K "= T
~ qC F0 P” : :; !";< ^ ;W q% ( “.!( (;C ( R C;< 'L 1= 0 '§ L ' %L ” : o1* !S%
“. S2;g K$* z{D SK0* G H "= 7(T
PG
S 3C 4% sM& N .!;" * ;< 3( 4- PG !"D Is4 (T !(*kT !( oN p g
.!G !(*"
3( O(T ! H "DSKG hz PG !(
'( " * P< 3b W% ( #
H "= )
H 1T N 'L ( 0 D n )G ( k. PG H S0 8
K SL% Sg !tD P2K0 G '%& !G tD S
8 P "= <( SG oN K 0 ) q<j pg PG H
' . ( k P( ,1 P( k P(G
SD < ( "= PG
!L;L B0 !5& Ig .(4SK>D 4,5 OH
P(G 3H O1G 8 H < T N :(*
~( 4 O( . ( ( < 4F PG pg PG )& >& q<& oN n
!;" * ± K 0 n0&
.'K$
P(G EI. K70
'L "($0 .H "= )2T oj PG )& 3H =") 9W 3H O1G 8 H oN pg PG H
' K 0
!($ ( T& PG 3( =")2 4- ( PG TD .
S 34% !(1T & !; hT J sDS* M&
.
H 1tBT :G )j ( . PG ( 02 4% M( 1T ' "D .:C ! 8 S- 'C "
.!($ TBT ( 51 oN !($5 P<
( D ± n0& :G
'
K 0 h
PG =") Ú
n S
'1 "T 4 - :$% ; 85 S". ± k Is4 C !5 ^ Mj
34% P(G H "= )2T :K <&
n )G ~( K L 34L-D :M$56 s°
P(G 'L & 34- P(G :( ,1 85 S".
.!(*4% PG(
a 1t& '" ( j 3L 4% 4S) 4( . 3L 4% M$56
!"N ' 0 G !(1D (T ¬70 Sx K< G
s'2 '1 (M S". ± "1"A ML 1 M f
( G7(T 9( ; b i"G K "D ." 2 !s; hz PG xtS <( M( $5ß '1 .p 0O< PG
85 S". ± 3(1K ( 4 Sº P< ! _ K SK* J( 8j ! 'L ( * 9K .2
(
4º I ( (7 P<
K S"$ (A M( - P< _ K SK* J(
( G 'L )G :D;
..<j 9DG _ H ± ~S" z ï hz oN ("(º 8 # P< ~ (
Fa < SD " :,1 85 S". PG
34% !K*4% K -* # PG K
SD
(*)2 1D ; 31f 8j q( 1T n0& !K*4% J* .;LºT p
(1D G P<
P20 ´ G .!($ TBT !";< M1 PG !; hz ± T D .31 V < Sf 9( 3)
oN . PG !";< o1* ^ !s4 ( !*"
:(* 8 a S% ' 0 D M1 g
85 S"; b $0D MS2"D ( $ M -L !($5 P< a DO n0& ! ' !*"
±
.# S5 'kK0 !(*"
G P< v !L;( 1K0
°
!-T ± ^ L 2
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H +( P(G TK D :(T :C1 MC < :* p54% #; 'C
zN g MN Å
= ;1 J( $ L = $" .:; M K1 PG L "5( S". :(<A ± f /1T P< :1T
T D .:(1",( 3b OSSG 5j :< K 1K 9( DO ± b "D :< :,1 8 ( 5 S". M 1 b 1D O
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K " ML k;$ L ; :";< ! MS20 :G n
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“.g :L !-;> JR s' k<&” :"$ 32 -(T ( 0 v 3( k -(T
Deterrent, check
H +( Inhabiting 4( < Killing
Body, corpse M( )K Society M K1 Victim b $0D
a ( -G :a ( :_ H K t& L :g K4 Tj :Jk .qb z( $KG Ja ( kC GK :> !H PG
:a (C := K = ( DC 5O( <( P= G( "= C kC W
= P 0(U _
2( 4 = &C E:L” :o1* !S% ± M4Sf :g .a T(
“.!( U; M( z {(T( 8 ( "= 7
(T a T( := K = G( a ( - GK := K = G( !( $
( (
; 4= &C = -C C” :o1* !S- 0 3( g#; "5& :_t& 4 Tj J(<& x0& :g
"j :g 2
“.
($ = -( (T ~ K E SL-"( MC F"( _ 2( :K K 1 G F 5=&C 8
( "(T ;C K 4K
SKG P 0(U .MC SK5F = 0 := gK C := ( "= ;C <
a S= > C !( U; Q "(= &C UMN( C&C” : o1* !S- 0< ( % ;
+K S= C S gK h (zC !( U; 8
( ;( 2C ( 'C 0(= * C 3( >( J(D "5= 3( " J(D # = K :K K C .MC SL-E0 SK5C
'( "( J(D MC Kg( ,0K” : o1* !S% ± M4Sf :g 02 3g,; S< “.:K "(1
“.:H (C C G S= C MC SLD70 C !( U;
h;f .n%$KG x< M MN (9kT h
a ;G .n2;G M MN (9kT a < :MTt x0& :g
JCN J5(ET4 !5BT ?
WS0 M& ` 0 r
L "(T M$56 K "= 0 (T J( "$ '( T 'H D P(G
:!"D :; !";< ^ ;W J( q% PG 1 .!t4& ± ^ ";> MC S20 M& `; 0 .J2;G
“.u-5 D h"R zN u-C 5 D d1* 40 < d1* :g4 K < d1*”
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a S# ~( PD ."<S ± C x0(KG M MN ."$º ± C n4#G M$56 MS2"
9a G I;2 9a t> 0F=7 ( pR (I;1) ¡I> (I r b T(< (j
( j ? a 5& (%$ 9a W nDS& ( "= k
Sociable
a S& Mischievous r
b T(< Chosen Ja ( kC GK
Bold, proud ?
a 5& Deceiving ¡I> Lack of respect qb z( $KG
Jealous like a cock h
( 0 4a SK" Fox I
( ;1) Enslaved n%$KG
Humble like a pigeon ( . qb Og Impudent, cheeky `
a % Brutal a S#
($20 xC ? K k( -0 D 4( ,Rj _ K "A& >B0 '( 85 S". × ( Sg K "= 7 PG
± .!0=4 I"k0 !1A SL;0 !15 )20 G ~ J(k1K0 :L . x#T szK0 x,R
± Sg K 0# K D .x1A 4 n%4 xOS< x4S5
n
I"k0 ( *j SKg 4,Rj
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CSR L) C%4 s'% J( 3( ) 4,Rj d"0 4) $K0 . g+ s' : "$5
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('G S# 'G Sv 0S2$G) ~ P="T 8 Ò1G
8
( oN !"D Sg0 ´ :5{D S2;g K$* z{D SK** G H 7(T ~ q F0 ::LS% GBD
M (T :0 J( 4( SGj oN !"D Sgz 5N u( 0K1 ± :"T $0 q( 1 ±
z{D 9kT J5(G M$56 MN :'"% .s'2; Sg g O(
|T 8 .
. 'C kC T "5f 2;g ( ± ~ $*
5
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s' O( 5 q<j ± ~
> M& P E"* %
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.
( >T :(* K"; J( L T2 hz q)G ."5f :0 s'2
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T( pK K 2 9K D( = 0 "= ;C < _
K SL;-L ?
K k( 1 =* b 1 G( b C &L "C P= < b "( = GK g( R= 4K CN b 1 "(kGK
.T( pK OK &C :K "(-$
= 0 "= CN M( $5= dK 5 PK 2L $ = * b "D( C 3b EOG
Coexistence u
( 0K1 Woodworm ( t4j Citron plant
( *j
Placement
H t& Climbing it g-*KG Lice '( C-
KO C ( !( T( K E1 * (< Uk C;< r L 1 = 0 (C CN SK<= 0 'b G( R qb = < J ( DC :L )C(U) 3L <( C- EG&C
pK 4 V
( 1K ( 1ML T+K = qC C% = -C DC .ML Ck; $ !( T( PK G B 0 L'$= E !K 1 G K )L2 0 Lq SG= (!T( SK= *
( (
( K $ D &C C } ( 4= _ ( > J(D K = &C ¥ J= R d
"= C .=(DC =G( BCDC < :nGK 5 = %C
O( $C P= G(
b$ = %( !K = G( H F= K '2L ( H0C CN J(= 0 C
C;< ? K -( 0 d "= C !K E5BC( Ã(4S= ,
P= (G ( ; 7
....'C ( 2 $= 0 E
y( !( "= CN PK 2L $
= 0 K: ( !( "(D K #
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....b "(5B AL 4H z( ( C b
4 ? H (7( d =";C DC .? K "(1E !( T( d K 5(B 0
4( C) Lz !( "(D K ( # = * q( S
= J(D !( T( ~ K SL 9K $( E* 4H O I
K = >( J ( DC :L $ G( 7 3L <( C- EG&C
(9S E J(D ~ K SL 9K $ ( E* ( 1 /
K L * := K = < J(= 0 K$ ~ ( E J(D ' -( "DC .q( C %
UMBC( ( S
= &C ( C (5= "5= (C ( J(< E S% &C P= (G h (zC .'C W K SE 3C SK K )(2 *K
_( = &C P= G( L ( = 0K I K = 7 ( MC C CzN(Q .Q 7E$ C 5G L 4( SK0 ( ( CN qL SLi0 I = 7 (
CW UM&C C .gEOt G O( $C _ ( = &C P= G( L K = 0 _K = , MC C K W G ( C E
M N OK $C !( T( E:< G ( K M N K C E !( T( E:< G ¡< _ ( = ,
OK $DC h (C 2C DC ¡< I ( = 7 (
:L O( E$ 3L <( C- EG&C ....( G C-(= J(< O ( C E ( <( S%C P= G( MC SL20 M &C
= CBDC -( DL
'L EG 0K d "= C G ( (% C;< r L 1 = 0 !( T(1"(= P= < K K 1K K K - 0 G ( (% C;< r L 1 = 0 ` a "($DC 'b G &C J ( DC
'L g= &C -C D C x"(= $
= GK !( T(
( 0 E
qL E pK BC# 5=&C T( K ( *= 0 J 5(U) UM&C C S= C .!( T(T4= &C 3( "
T( !( ( 4 O J(D
P= G( h (zC J(D (= J(t 4&C 2 $ q( +( G P= G( !( "= CN MC SK = 0 G ( #5=N CN H = < 'L
'L G :qC C% !K E5&C :; !";< ^ ;W J(E P= < ( 4K = %C .!( T( Q C> C G M( C2G= 4( 1 * +( S<= 6
. xC ¡&L = 1 t 4= &C C x, R ~ a 4( C ~ C C pK C S= C J(EGBL( !( U; P= (G b
= 4
(1) Mirzuban was the ambassador of the king of Persia who visited Caliph U’mar !< ^ Jt4. He found that the Caliph
U’mar did not have any palace and he was sleeping in the Mosque like an ordinary man.
Simple
L "$ More appropriate I
K < & Skill <
Complex, compound IsK It establishes firmly
K * Direct 3( Rf
From potential to reality '( 1 oN 3( ES-L PG Observation ( 01K Faculty, talent 2;G
n% xOS$
T s @>j Q O4 I ( ;C j ± > p(S#5 ( T ± '=g& G J( M{D
.I0OB P( $KT( hz 9" P< °K0 5N .H 5,G OH " ht qH S D z x
SC G5
±~ ( " :C S
& 4 Tj 8 ( 02
4( ">j r
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& MC - :s;1"D I
( 2f ± '#0 :L
( kê PG °K0 .!(;g& #1 K z "D J( 4( 1Rj PG °K0 .V. I
!($5
4 C T( MC " _S;% ± ~ K ( 0 hz M{D .9k s%4(
M& :s;10 'T P"= #K O& PG M MN .H #(
C T( i"R M" PG C >B0 M& PG 9K0
:s;1";D ( - O& PG M MN .3b 5O b $(> a C >j M& (>j ± ( k<6 ± C 1D
9( k H -L 4( 5 ± ¬
K ( K0 !5{D I;2 _ ( &O PG hz sM& .sz b 5G >j 9 k sM&
.. ."D 9( k ( I
( g I
M( " oN `K E-0 ;LºT. "D
T($0 p("= 3( (T _
Q )C0 C
7
( 0 !$;Û ± K 0 M& OS10 M& J0
hz sM{D p(<( $T !&4 10 !(%(z * !s 9 0 '(4 ;< (4 90 p="
(
%S ;< sq0 hz M& ! P"0 2 3C ) 9K0 .~S;º "" :s;10 .'( $2 '"O
.i; ( T& 'L 1D !5&
2T Q 0 M& 9K0 .( ± hz O10 ì
xTz & M %OW &4 V" 9K0
Sg P(G p :;2* G P $K0 M& q $ 4( -(T xT S N :s;20 M& OS10
2 S( PG 9K0 .!00 VT d;,0 M2f ! 9S0 !C%SD P( S-0 M& . !G c&
$0 hz M{D .hz PG JR !(5$ ;< ,0 PG ( k7KG PG I$ P1; PG !#D
:s;10 M& J0 ....S$ 5% PG °. M" I0OB* 'W& .S$ 5- PG Í
P( "= 1T :"N L 0 M& . J(& I
H 0% PG !G K & Sg PG !TOG !s;1G !0 C <A
.:00& VT I 1; 0 M& :( "1 º
0& /
( 1T ± ( S T EG0 3 3( 4k * ± `
G $K0 M& J"D F( "" P e;T G
# O(
PG !"N 0 G ' :s;10 .Ig 0. 0 d I K ,K0 .MG4
.M" ;< IK ;( 0 G ' u _2 ( 5"l PG . '( & ( %$ PG
S7K0
He yawns _
Q C)0 He waits ¬
K ( K0 Exchange C T(
Shamelessness (
%S He spits K 0 Meanness, lowliness 3b 5O b $(> a
He is forgiven `
G $K0 He blows his nose
C7( 0 Disgrace b 5G
It deteriorates d
2C *4 Extension, ease ¦
( $5 Oppressing too
much
.
g4N
Extent G Dependent upon ;< n "< Oppression ?
( $1
Dear Reader!
Build Your Personality
In all languages, words or phrases are arranged in a
sequence by applying the grammar principles. Prepare yourself to work for Allah’s cause
Where the grammar principles allow using different i.e. spreading the religion to both Non-
sequence of words or phrases, they are arranged to Muslims and Muslims.
express certain meanings. The detail is as follows
• A word or phrase is described in the beginning in order to raise questions in the mind of the audience. The
audience think about it. When the answer is provided, they listen it very carefully. For example, G !L <
4( C-
L< 4( C- G 4O= &C G L< 4( C-
(The disaster! What is the disaster? And what do you know about that
disaster?). Here the initial words raise questions in mind of the audience. The answer of these questions is
provided in later verses about the details of that disaster i.e. the Day of Judgment.
• A word or phrase expressing a good or bad news is described in the beginning to produce a shock in the
audience. The details are described later on. For example, !! T(C-
:= *K4= +K E
!LC2E := L &C (The desire to
compete in wealth has killed you! [You continue this competition] until you reach in graves.) The bad
news are described earlier and then details are mentioned. Similarly in, = 5= h
T ( ' DC . CS= 2C "= kC <= &C E5N(
(O Prophet! We have provided you the countless blessings, so you should pray your Lord and sacrifice.)
Good news are described earlier.
• A word or phrase expressing an amazing fact is described earlier. For example, C ;C
= 4( := ( D( 0(N !u
H 0= %L
( 0(6
( "= Cg E_4 KK1= "; DC !!?
( "= E ( # (For producing love in
Quraish, producing their love to travel
[securely due to their relation with Ka’aba] in summer and winter, they should worship their Lord.) Here
the amazing fact for Quraish love for traveling for trade is described. That love was only due to the
protection they enjoyed due to their relationship with Ka’aba. In the society where no trading caravan was
secured from the robbers, Quraish used to travel securely in entire Arab. The robbers did not use to attack
on them due to their relationship with the Holy Ka’aba.
• Sometimes, a word describing something disputed in brought earlier in draw the attention to that issue.
For example, U;W
CzN( n=< = 0 (U
0=&C4 &C (Have you seen that person who forbids a [God’s] slave from
offering prayer?) In later verses, the character of the infidels is described.
• Sometimes, different levels or steps of a process are described in a sequence. First step, then second one,
then third one and so on. For example, in Surat-ul-Qariah the steps of Hereafter i.e. destruction,
assessment and reward are described in a sequence.
• Sometimes, the words or phrases are arranged in the natural sequence of occurrence. For example,
a S= 5 b ( pK L >K B * (Neither the slumber nor the sleep can occur to Him.)
• In a ";1D;K, the subject '<D or the object qS1G is usually brought after the verb. They can be brought
before the verb in order to emphasize on the subject. For example, a 0+ Q (Zaid came). If the sequence is
changed to Q
a 0+, it will mean that “Zaid was the person who came.”
• In a ";1D;K, the subject '<D or the object qS1G is also brought before the verb to produce the sense of
exclusivity. For example, P K "= 1( $
= 5 E0N( K K1= 5 E0N( (Only for You, we worship and only for You, we seek
help). Here the normal sentence was h K"(1$ = 5 K K1= 5 (We worship You and seek help from You) but the
object i.e. You is brought before the verb in order to develop the sense of exclusivity that we worship
only for You and we seek help only from You.
• Sometimes, arguments are described before the conclusion. On the contrary, sometimes, the conclusion is
described at the beginning and then arguments are provided for it.
• Sometimes, a general statement is described as the “headline”. Its details and exceptions are described
later on.
• Sometimes, the sequence of words is changed only to maintain the rhyme of a verse. For example, pK L>K
pSL2;L = CD n< 4z( MC SK1= <K 4= zC H ;C $
( ; ( J(D E:L ... pK S;W
: "(,
E:L ... pK S;K DC (Seize him, then put a hold around
his neck, then take him to the hell, then fasten him with a chain seventy cubits long.) In these verses, the
red words are the verbs producing similar sounds. Other words in these verses are brought before the verb
in order to maintain the acoustics or the similar sounds.
Worth Reading
What is the difference between Monotheism and Polytheism? Why the
Polytheism not acceptable in front of God? How to avoid polytheism in
our prayers?
http://www.mubashirnazir.org/PD/English/PE01-0009-Monotheism.htm
Test Yourself
Translate the following passages of the Quran. Identify the reasons for and the impact produced by the
sequence of words, phrases or verses. Read the context, if something is not clear.
L ;C "= C .4( = -C L ;C "= C G 4O= &C G .4( = -C ( ;C "= C J(D pK F 5C& E5N(
(97:1-3) H = R ? ( &C P= G( a "= > 4( = -C
/
-C 5C& (U . 4 += ( h < 1= t . 4 = W
h C = #
= 5 := C&
9 G UMN( . n=$0K ( $= 1K 9 G UM{(DC . z( h
C 1= DC 4 . = C
(94:1-6) . n=$0K ( $ = 1K
C U ;C > G .U;,
* CzN( 4( E .#= 0 CzN( '( "= U;
(92:1-4) .E# C := 2L "1= UMN( .C)5=jy
y #0 P= G JF 0K !K U; ' T := K $
L 5C& MC SF 0K P 0(U CN( * := C&C
(4:49) n "(DC MC SK;C 0K
(39:66) = K<= CD ! U; ' T
UM&C I
K $
= 0 .pK O E< n G 9 (U .3H F L 3H F gK '2L ( 'b 0=
(104:1-3) pK ;C >= &C !K CG
SL;( < SKG P 0(U UN( .H $
= >K J(C MC $5(6 UMN( .( = 1
(103:1-3) ( = E (T =SW S*
(T =SW
S* 8
( (E
Dear Reader!
Build Your Personality
In this lesson, we shall study the political views of
No entertainment is so cheap as reading,
the Ibn Khaldun. These excerpts indicate his deep-
rooted study in the area of Political Science. nor any pleasure so lasting.
Deterioration of boundary
( " @
( > Marking limits x7
K *K Feeling of belongingness
to a nation
C T <
It is defeated
$( C 0 Range n%k5 Towns at border 4( S)
Dying out }
( -5 Boldness ( K , Depletion, exhaustion O( 5
(
Military men 3, 'g& Boundary wall 34S Fruitful I l
Decline K g Their goals :"(G G Extension ( k
h
( ;K L -"-
:(<T N :gKOS :K*"
P2K0 # sM& "T % 5j M$5ß ¡J1( "A I a G h K ;f
( % ( ;G1f oN 34 ( <O S1 zN .:(*04t :(*S% '( " è ;< :(5K 1*
P(G "5 S". ( 1"k ± ( !
W PG gL>K B0 !(
oN p0 :G
' EG 8.
3S- -G ( 5j I ( -(T < >| !15K0 ./1T ;< :1T M 1 :;L
_gzN ( G h ( v oN OK* Jg (;*-f oN Jf + 9K -C "D .hz ± 0#
.S k-5 oN hz Jf (~S
P< :1T K F 0 :H
MC O tSDC :gK£-T q DKT !5 (4 !K E > (G Sg
0# 1"k -(T Sg :";< :. Sg ( + S oN hz '( & PG SK
/1T
81D f s; 8kf M& PG .pG% f " 1 P(G hz ± T .:2f K g- h K ;f
oN 0 8kf pS5 !S* ?0R I a G p * Kh;( g ." 1T N :(*
.G 8" 1T N hz PG JR :0 .81D f
d" .g(#< GS% PG ";0 PG ;< Is;* :s2* ;D b " < ' b*G 8" 1
C S1 r
L 10 q SGj J(,0 "< K (1$0 P( -"-. ;< h
K ;K »N " < s'2 h;f
.4S#f ± !-"-
h;f Ò1G g .3g% 0 p0 @SD MS2* 4S) J0
SD
( S1 r1T & q SGj ( 0 & 4( S) ( 0(
')G 1T P< !K" < !T 8
= % PD
8" 1 9" ;< ( 1 P< n0& !" < !T =8 % PG ...!-"-
:* :C ¬ a %5 h
a ;( G
.!-"-
:* ´ ¬%5 h
a ;G n0& SD p :2
!C%SD M 0j ( ;< _
± :2.T O 5
3b
MS2* 3H =") 8 H < PG sBKG L " 1 .( " 1T Sg 5N pG% h
;f M& hz
hT (t ± x1" g" *K ì
";< ËS$* (;D s; >j PG S%& G
'g& ( S- MS2* 5N c2 " 1 h;* ...qK ~ ;< IC; K MS20
8" 1; x$"4 PK E"1"D :";< x :v x$"4 :G a
MS20 M& T :"D 04 "T
L >B"D ( 5j ( 2( K ;K> "5 S". ( 1"k PD hz ! P"1* zN .1"º !G I; s;
A ± !sB K ;L >K J,0 :"D :s2 :(<( ± ( 4#f g$K P(G i"
.2.
>T s'2 O$ :. O( 5 PG "$ !"-* G 9G #
±
&
K )L2D K15 KR04 L) C;% h;K '( g& 0BT G = 2;G = s;* zN Gj sM& hz
H * oN MSg0 .!(0+ !(s%4 !(;D( S5 oN !5SK#>K u
( "1 8
( 4t MK+,0 :gK S<
9G MS<F=0 ;" * ± H 04t K S< '( D S h; K "= * :v S
& :g( S< ± :;% PG
!"D M>0 hz ± M>0 "5j wL dTf :<kf ± q S
j %4 oN hz
:; hz ± :;> J( K0 p(4 _ ( S4 "5j d I"k '( & ± :Gj PG :g
hz PG S;0 M& oN !"D :LD * hz PG :
MS20 :2;G 4( % ;< . > oN
.;% PG S< (*S% I ( $(T ;* M& ( ; J( 0
1 " 1
± ¡J1( "A :(
C ;W sM& hz .p1G ± G & I$(T ( PG MS2* 5N " 1 M&
& :a "t :C0 M&
4j '( g& Ó- z ;< 3L 1K (;W P(G .s'%j ± N #
qL SK0 S OS0 .!";< ( 1 & !(0% :( ; PG b t !($5 ± K ,
( 0 I
0- sM{D .b 2;g :" *K
. S5 KG ( # ± "1"A n <F5 h I( A( 1 PG !L;( 0 G VT !"T
( 5 O* !T 'C
r
L "(T n n0% P0Wf VT 'L W Sf I K $ M z{D
TD J# /1T I$ 1K T zN .
St gO,(T hz = <D .3b g ;WS
PG n4 D !G 4S#f GjT !($5 ( 3 K ;< 'L ( D b3R G -0 1T J ( SK*K
.!ST !"N _
a S$G Sg PG :H ; PG !($5 ± gS0 J( ( t
d ;* J( Ç !(;
! 'g& ;< H
& ' 3L 15 zN ? K ;. y S _ g PG
'
nt ng M z{D ...I$ pS PG "$5 & 0% & g(4 ( g PG
.OK $K0 5N M zN .p;% 31 PG (1"A ;< ~S
h;K Jg " 1 "N ,* J( 0 sM&
G% .!";< 9,0 G& ' kf 1D f 0. MS2* (T " 1 M& G% 5j hz
P< :1T K F 0 :
+ oN H ' ± MS0 "5$56 1"kT V"GO| sM&
I
K ; g .hz ;< !*4% :(* :C N (" 1 h;T :";< xs;KG MS20 M& T D ./1T
! d" aSG
W OO Jg 5N Mj ( ;< a + G& Sg h K ;K Sg
.-T :2. Is; SD h;f G& !G2
& ± a % :";<
(1) In medieval kingdoms, the “Sense of Belonging” was based on tribe. Today, it is founded on political party,
religious group, caste, province or some other base.
Check, deterrent + Objection b t Cohesion of a group (
Leadership ( Damaging factor I
( A( 1 Devotion to a group 3L 1K
Rule, leadership OO Oppression, injustice ( g Injustice :a "t
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(1) Its examples are common in the modern world. Entire Europe is becoming one by combining their " <.
(2) It indicates the psychology of expansion of super powers in the modern world.
(3) Although the Abbasid kings were Arabs but they relied on Turks i.e. Central Asians in order to strengthen their
rule because they overthrew the Arab rule of the Umayyad Dynasty. They did not have enough " < from Arabs. So
they relied on Persians and Turks.
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(1) Coptic. The inhabitants of Egypt. (2) A nation of present-day Jordan. (3) Jericho, a city in present-day Israel.
(4) The area of Sinai Peninsula.
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(1) It is the practice of big powers to attract the best human resources to their countries. They create an ethical
environment which attracts the best people around the world. They provide them immigration facilities. As a result
of that, educated professional people with strong ethical values immigrate to these countries and they remain
stronger for a longer time. Strong ethical values and knowledge are the two factors who make a nation, a super
power in the world.
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(1) This writing describes the reasons of rise of empires at initial stage. During the initial stage in the life cycle of an
empire, abundance of wealth results in increased population due to excessive birth of children and immigration of
professionals. (2) Two big tribes of Pre-Islamic Arabia. (3) Both of them were Abbasid kings. (4) This indicates how
the kings used to spend the public money on their personal families. Abbas !< ^ Jt4 had three sons. In 200 years,
their progeny grew to 30,000.
Industrial workers P "= 1( k Throne of the king h;f 0 Distant, remote ( "W
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Do you know? In Medieval kingdoms, all the resources were considered to be owned by the king. They
used to be transferred to the progeny of the king by inheritance. Islam presented a different political ideal.
According to Islam, the matters of government must be run by mutual consultation of all citizens. The
Caliphate of the Prophet
was established on this principle in which every citizen had the
right to share the government resources. In later generations, the Muslims ignored this principle and
adopted the principal of dictatorship. As a result of that, their history is full of mutual fight. On the
contrary, the Western nations adopted the principle of mutual consultation in form of modern democracy
and became super powers in the world.
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Dear Reader!
Build Your Personality
Like English, in Arabic, proper and common nouns are
used to express different meanings. You already know that Perform all your good deeds for the
any common noun can be made a proper noun by adding sake of Allah. The good deeds to
an q before it. You have already studied different types of demonstrate your piety to people will
it at Level 4. In this lesson, we shall discuss different uses not be rewarded by Allah.
of it. The detail is as follows:
• J$ q : The q is added to a common noun to make it generalize over the entire group or community,
but it is not essential that the sentence is applicable to each member of that group . It is called J$ q .
For example, 4a SL
~C
a SLi"C !K E5N( !K = G( g<= F 5 E:L n
= 4 EG( MC $5(6 % zC &C P= i(C (If We let man taste any mercy from
Us, then withdraw it from him, he becomes despairing, ungrateful.). The word M$5N can be used to
describe an man or woman but the q has made it generalized to include many human beings. The word
M$56 means a group of persons including many man and woman but not necessarily all human beings.
• J% q : The q is added to a common noun to make it generalize over the entire group or
community. For example, n"(1t
ML $5(6 ;( >K (The human being is made weak). Here, the word M$5N can
be used to describe an man or woman but the q has made it generalized to include all human beings. The
word M$56 means entire humanity including each man and woman.
• (< q : The q is added to a common noun when a specific person is under discussion. It is called q
<. It has various forms.
• Usually that noun is described before as a common noun. For example, .n SK4 MC S= < = D( CN( ; 4= &C C
qC SKE ML S= < = D( 1 DC (As We sent a prophet towards the Pharaoh, then the Pharaoh disobeyed the
Prophet). Here, the word qS4 is used to describe an unspecific prophet but the q on this word
used later in the sentence has made it specific i.e. that Prophet (Moses $ 3S; !";<) who was sent
to the Pharaoh. This style is also commonly used in English. First time, the article ‘a or an’ is used
before a noun. Later on, the article ‘the’ is used before it.
• Sometimes, the noun is not previously discussed in a sentence but it is either well-known or
present-at-the-spot. For example O( SK<S=
( S= " (By the Promised Day!). Here the Day of Judgment
is under discussion which is a well-known day. Or := 2L 0(O := 2L C
K ; &C S= " (Today I have perfected
your religion for you). Here q is added before the S0 to describe that specific day when the
Quran’s revelation was perfected.
• If the q is added on the c> in a "= ;K, it will limit that c> to its G only. For example, 4K SL S gK
:K "(
E (Only He [Allah] is the forgiver and the eternally merciful).
It is important to know the type of q while translating an Arabic sentence because a mistake in
determining the type of q may lead to serious mistakes in understanding any Arabic text.
Worth Reading
The Report of Transparency International and a Hadith. This article is an
eye-opening writing on the condition of Muslim Ummah.
http://www.mubashirnazir.org/PD/English/PE02-0004-Transparency.htm
_
( SK= ( "= C := ( "= ;C <
= 1 5= &C P 0(U ¦
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(1:7) V E := ( "= ;C <
V
-( EK ; ( xgK !( "(D I
0=4 _
K 2( h
(zC
(2:2)
4K 5=jQ (
= * P= G( (, H E := K C UM&C
= * 8
(2:25)
= T( t
K := KBC G := 2L C UM{(DC n= G( SLk(g=
(2:61) L 2 C$ = L U := ( "= ;C <
p( ( 1= T P= G( "= U%C _
2( SKG "= * = -C C
(2:87) ' ( K (T
( @
a GK !( U; ( = <( P= G( _
a ( := gK Q EC
(2:89) : = K 1 G
(3:183) 8
( "(T J(;= %C P= G( 'b K 4K := L Q = %C
(2:204) ( 7
( C&C S gK
}
( 4= jQ J(D ¥ J= R !( "= ;C < C7
= 0 ! U; UMN(
(3:5) ( E$ J(D
y #0 ?
"= C (
4= jQ J(D := L 4K S 0K (U S gK
(3:6)
(3:19) K =6
( !( U; = <( P 0 UMN(
(3:62)
¬
K -C S K C Cg UMN(
Rule of the Day! The word sg is used is used with 4G '1D to urge to do
something. It is called /0
. If it is used with JtG '1D, it
expresses regret. It is called ¤
e.g. ( 0( K oN pSL2#* sg (You
should complain to the manager?), ( 0(
K oN !K *SC2R sg (You should have
complained to the manager).
Similarly GS S s& & are also used for the same purpose.
• : : The pronouns are used instead of the name of a person. We have discussed that in detail in
previous levels.
• qSWS : : These nouns are also used to point out a thing or person. They are also used for various
meanings:
• To describe the reason for something. For example, 8
K E := K C
= 5C 8
( (E SL;( < SKG P0(U UMN(
n FK 5K ~
( = O = ( (Verily, those who believed and did good deeds, they will be entertained in the
gardens of paradise). Here, the word P0 describes the reasons for entertaining the pious people in
the Paradise.
• To describe the respect or disgrace for someone. For example, H J
= R 'L 8 K SL2;C G p( ( "T( (U MC = $
K DC
(Glorious is the One in Whose hand, there is the control of everything). Here, the word
describes the respect for Allah. For example, P
(
= E M( KO P= G( := L K K 0 := 2L C a K S gK (U Cg P= EG&C
(What is this that can become your force to help you besides Allah?). Here, the word
describes the disgrace for any force in front of Allah.
• To describe the greatness or danger of something. For example, :" P= G( := K "#
( DC p( O( SK,
K T( ML S= < = D( := K 1 *=BCDC
:= K "#
( C G (The Pharaoh followed them with his army [and entered into the sea], then that which
overwhelmed them, covered them up). Here, the word G describes the overwhelming force of the
water which covered the entire army of the Pharaoh.
• ( DC ( 1= (
Worth Reading
Wealth is a great blessing of God but it also creates some problems. Read more:
http://www.mubashirnazir.org/PD/English/PE02-0008-Wealth.htm
h
i(C= &L ( 2C 0=jQ _
K W = &C ¦
H SL K S= %C KOSKC
E DC 'C K _ UC UN( '§ L M N( ._ K F
= jQ
G 3n
( n
"= W UN( ( Kg K L 0 G ._ ( C-<(
(38:13-15) @ H SDC P= G( C
:= K 5SK( 7
= 0K 8
K SLUk := gK £K "(= &C KC C P 0(U
(2:257) 8 ( ;L CN( 4( S P= G(
!K LG !K = < &C G .EI* I
H C J(T&C 0 = E*
.I H C 8
Cz n45 C;= " .I $ C G
P= G( 'b =
g( "( J(D .I ( kC C CE
!K *K&C G=
(111:1-5) H$ G
P= G(
S gK H E
GK C;< qC F5K (T SKG
(47:2) : = ( T4
(93:11)
DC h
T4 ( 1= (T( EG&C
8
( SLUk '( "( J(D MC SL;*(C-0K KC C P 0(U
M( Ck"= E# "= C UMN( M( Ck"= E# Q "(= &C SL;*(C-DC
(4:76) n"(1t MC C
:
( 4 P= G UN( !( U; ( G= &C P= G( S= " :W
( <
(11:43)
~
K S( = S 0K (U .~
( E7
~
( S= S R P= G(
(114:4-5) ~ ( E 4( KW K J(D
Dear Reader!
Build Your Personality
In this lesson, we shall study some excellent
The most successful people are those
philosophical works of the ancient Muslim scholars on
ethics and the philosophy of ethics. who are good at plan B.
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oN = G MN .“ x4S*” $K* 3( O0F
.
( # '( -1 I
( 0OBT 3S# 3( S% _
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Lavishness
K He confuses 40 Reliability C g-
Being enraged L A# Relieving others 3, Realization Psk
Self conceit IK,1K Generosity, magnanimity L G# Cunning attitude 3FTº
Restlessness, anxiety
K F , Love & affection OOS Slyness g
Meanness L $7 Boasting ?
K ; Stupidity !;
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'2T ( =
± qH
'2T 3# ± qL 2 d";D .x1tSG
.!(<D !* C !54& M"T !L% !$K
Indulgence in sensual
pleasure
r1 Helping each other 3<$G Generosity 7$
Flattery ; Grace with humorous
attitude
Forgiveness, tolerance G$KG
Malicious satisfaction on
other’s grief
*# Shamelessness
%S Contentment, self-
satisfaction
<-
Doubt _
H "*4 Violation 2 Devoutness, God’s fear 4S
Brazen, impudent L 5, Kindness, friendliness Dk;
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else
g 3G Mean, despicable ;0z Training, practice _
H 4*
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Worth Reading
What are success secrets? http://www.mubashirnazir.org/PD/English/PE03-0015-Secrets.htm
Satisfaction, compensation /
( 0S1* Searched things 80 Thunderbolt b -<W
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• M: It changes the meaning of a "= ;K into the past continuous tense. For example, :a C% a 0+ (Zaid is
standing), will change to xC% a 0+ M (Zaid was standing).
• U'C : It changes the meaning of a "= ;K into a past continuous verb at day time. For example, :a C% a 0+
will change to xC% a 0+ ' (Zaid stood at day time).
• 8T: It changes the meaning of a "= ;K into the a past continuous verb at night time. For example,
:a C% a 0+ will change to xC% a 0+ 8
T (Zaid stood at night time).
• ` W&: It changes the meaning of a "= ;K into the past continuous tense at morning time. For
example, : a C% a 0+ will change to xC% a 0+ `
W& (Zaid was standing at morning).
• $G&: It changes the meaning of a "= ;K into the past continuous tense at evening time. For example,
:a C% a 0+ will change to xC% a 0+ $G& (Zaid was standing at evening).
• t&: It changes the meaning of a "= ;K into the past continuous tense at forenoon. For example,
:a C% a 0+ will change to xC% a 0+ t& (Zaid was standing at forenoon).
• zN: It sets a condition in present or future. use of this word indicates that the speaker is sure about the
condition. For example, : = K TKSL;%L
= ;C ( !K U; ( zL CzN( P 0(U (Those when Allah’s name is mentioned in front
of them, their hearts tremble). While translating in English, word “when” is used instead of “if”. The
matters which occur regularly are described with it. For example, M N( p( ( g C SLC% L $
:= K *= Q Cz{(DC
SKT( KE"Uk0 b iC" := K = ( *K (When a good fortune came to them, they said, “It is for us.” And if an evil
befell them, they associated with Moses. If it used for past, it does not describe a condition.
• S: It sets the condition in past. For example, n 2C (G qC F 5Qj !K U; Q R S= C (If Allah had desired, He had sent
down angels).
Badl qT
Badl is the explanation for something unclear in a sentence. It has four types. Three of them are commonly
used in e";T `" D language. In English, a Badl is described by “that is” or “ I mean” or “i.e.”.
• '2 qT: A word explaining that the whole of the previous word is under discussion. For example,
J;< J(TN (My son i.e. Ali came). Here the word J;< is a badl for J(TN explaining him.
• /1 qT: A word explaining that a part of previous word is under discussion. For example, º D
!K K;C & (The army traveled i.e. its major part). Here the word !;& is a badl for explaining it.
• qR6 qT: A word describing that something from the previous word is under discussion. For example,
!K ;< zj (15 (The teacher benefited me i.e. his knowledge). Here the word !;< is a badl for z
explaining him.
•
; qT: A word describing that the previous word was spoken as a mistake. For example, 4K 9;A
d
K # (The moon rose, I mean the sun). Here the word dR is a badl for 4T explaining it.
Test Yourself
Translate the following passages of the Quran. Identify the type of the specifications. Explain the
result of these specifications. Read the context, if something is not clear.
(26:157) V
G( O( 5 SKW
= BCDC gK-C 1 DC
Worth Reading
How to overcome procrastination?
http://www.mubashirnazir.org/PD/English/PE03-0016-Procrastination.htm
C;< P,
( d
K 5(6 qC SL-* P= C M &C EC E5&C
(72:5) nT( C !( U;
(2:70) M
C K= K C !K U; Q R M N( E5N(
!( U; = <( 3L >( | 4K E := 2L C = 5C M N( ' %L
M N( 8 S= =SE DC ~
( E M( KO P= G( n (>
(2:94) V %( O( W := KL
Dear Reader!
Build Your Personality
In this lesson, we shall study excerpts from the book
Mk- G 4S; M- S;< ± r
G. The author has We should deliver the message of Quran
and Sunnah to Non-Muslims as their well-
introduced different areas of Quranic Studies in this
book. We shall study the most important areas of that. wishers not as their rivalries.
8 :"T "D 8 ( * ;< !*0 /1T $* M- J(51G MS;%0 T
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Feelings <#G Related to universe "5SC2 Challenge from front 0 ±
Worth Reading
Why people have two faces? What is the impact of dual personality on the
reputation? Read the details in:
http://www.mubashirnazir.org/PD/English/PE02-0016-Twofaces.htm
!"** M- 9K
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Worth Reading
Success of the Hereafter does not depend on attachment to a group. Read more:
http://www.mubashirnazir.org/PD/English/PE02-0009-Attachment.htm
He hunted it (shot
it)
¬% Bringing an argument which
is far from logic
"1T PG 3O4R Leveling 0S( $*
• UN: It is used for exception. For example, ^ ! (There is no god except Allah). It means that there is
only and only One God Whose name is Allah.
• E5N: It is like using word “only” in English. For example, a G "5= 3L " p( ( g E5N( (This worldly life is
only a [temporary] enjoyment). It is also described as an exception in the Quran
K G UN( "5= 3L "
G
4( KK (This worldly life is nothing except an illusionary enjoyment).
• P2 'T : These words clarify any doubts about the sentence before them and affirm whatever is said
after them. For example, :
= 2L "= ;C < PK 0 !K U; ' T := 2L G=N( EJ;C < SK * (You have not conferred upon me a favor
by accepting Islam, but Allah has conferred a favor upon you). Bedouin people used to think that they
have conferred a favor upon the Prophet. The word 'T negates it and affirms that it is Allah’s favor upon
you that you accepted Islam.
• Fourth way to limit the sense is that bring the object before the verb. For example, V
K 1( $
= 5 E0N( K K1= 5 E0N(
(Only to You, we worship and only to You, we seek help). It means that the believers worship and seek
help from only and only One God i.e. Allah.
Basically, there are two reasons for limiting a person or an attribute.
• The person or thing under discussion is the only one who possess something or is capable to do
something. For example 0+ N I* (There is no writer except Zaid). In this sentence, writing is
limited to Zaid because no other writer is available at the place of discussion. This sentence is valid for a
limited place. Sometimes, the exception is global. For example, ^ ! (There is no god except Allah).
This is a universe-wide valid statement.
• The audience have some doubt about a person or thing. That doubt is clarified. For example, UN( a E
GK G
qb SK4 (Muhammad is nothing except a prophet). After battle of Ohad, rumors about the martyrdom of the
Prophet were spread. People became astonished due to this rumor. They might have thought about some
divine attributes of Prophet Muhammad :; !";< ^ ;W that he should be ever-lasting as a prophet. Allah
clarified it that “Muhammad is only a prophet” i.e. he is not an immortal god. The sentence does not
mean that Prophet Muhammad has no other attribute except his prophethood. Only his attribute of being
immortal is rejected here.
Test Yourself
Translate the following passages of the Quran. Identify what is limited and which word is used to limit that.
Read the context, if something is not clear.
Worth Reading
The Sermon of Mount delivered by the Prophet Jesus $ 3S; !";<.
Its contents are applicable today. Read more:
http://www.mubashirnazir.org/PD/English/PE03-0009-Mount.htm
J(D MC SL;L B 0 E5N( n;L G" qC SG= &C MC SL;L B 0 P0(U UMN(
(4:10) n45 : = ( 5(SLkTK
!( U; C;< SLSL-* := 2L (0(O J(D SL;= * _ ( 2( 'C g= &C 0
!( U; qL SK4 : 0= G PK T= $"(< ` K "($ E5N( E UN(
(4:171) !K = G( a K4 : 0= G CN( gC-&C !K K ;( C
'( < P= G( d
a = 4( K =+jQ _
K 5Qj K $
( "= K = 7 E5N(
(5:90) M ( Ck"= E#
P= G( 8( "Uk p( O( 1( ( >= &C J(U !( U; C 0(+ E
P= G ' %L
S= 0 n (> "5= 3( " J(D SKG P 0(U;( J g( '%L @ ( +=
E
E5N( ' %L .MC SK;C 1= 0 H S= -C ( 8 ( 0| 'L C 5K h (C C (G "-(
( "= T( J = : 6( P kC T G = G( C G u
( SC JT4
!( T( q F0K := C G !( U;(T SL( # = *K M &C !( U;(T SL( # = *K M &C
(7:32-33) M C SK;C 1= * G !( U; C;< SLSL-* M &C n5Ck; K
Rule of the Day! The word : is used in two different meanings: (1) To ask a question about number of
quantity, it gives the sense of “How much? How many?”. (2) To express amazement or surprise, it gives
the sense of “Ooh!, Wow! How many!!!!”.
For example, it is used as a question in the following: nG=S0
K ) (C qC C% ) (C := C qC C% (He said, “How long did
I remain?” He replied, “I remained for a day.”), (< I a KL := C (How many books you have?)
It is used to express amazement in the following: !( U; M ( z {(T( 3n
)(C n iCD( = ;C C H ;C "(;%C H iCD( P= G( := C (Ooh! How
many small armies dominated the bigger ones by Allah’s permission), M H = %C P= G( := ( ;( = %C P= G( 2 ;C g= &C := C = 0 := C&C
(Do they not see how many nations We destroyed before them!!!!), P = G( "(D = 5=&C := C } ( 4= jQ CN( = 0 := C &C
¤H ( C
H = + 'L (Do they not see how many venerated couples We have grown in the earth????)
}
K 4= jQ 8
= $
C C /
H 1= T( := K
1= T ~
E !( U; 9K D O =SC
(2:251) V ( C1 C;< 'H = DC Lz ! U; EP2( C
(2:40) M
( SKg 4= CD
E0N( := L ( = 1 T(
Then he shouted, “I won’t give a single one of you girls her clothes, not though she stays in the pool all
day, until she comes out of the water naked and takes her clothes herself.” That they refused to do, till the
day was well advanced and they feared they would never reach the station for which they were making.
Then at last they came out of the pool, all except U’naizah; she adjured him by Allah to throw her, her
cloths, but he would not. So finally she too came out, while he looked at her this way and that. They
women advanced on him crying, “You’ve certainly punished us, keeping us here your prisoners and
starving us!” “Well,” he said, “what if I were to slaughter my camel for you, would you eat of it?”
“Yes”, they shouted. So he drew his sword and hamstrung the beast, then he slaughtered it and stripped
off its flesh. The servants collected a great pile of brushwood and kindled up a mighty fire, and Imr-al-
Qais set on hacking off the choicest pieces of them and throwing them on the glowing embers. The
women ate, and he ate with them, and drank the remainder of the wine he had with him, singing to them
between whiles and flinging on the slaves some of the roast meat.
When they were ready to ride on one of the women cried out, “I’ll carry his saddle-carpet.” “I’ll have his
saddle and girth-thongs.” shouted another. In that way they divided his harnessing and provisions between
them, while U’naizah alone was loaded with nothing at all. “Well, my noble young lady,” Imr-al-Qais said
to her, “There’s nothing you’ll have to carry me with you. I can’t walk all the way.” During that travel, he
expressed his love for U’naizah. He said this poem after that. The incident may not real. It might had
occurred in the imagination of the poet.
Each verse is discussed in three boxes. First box contains the actual verse, second one contains its
translation and the third one contains the commentary. Now read the poem:
'( G S=
D (qSK>E V
T S;
( -($T( ... q( F( = G I
H "
(z P= G( h
( = 5 (%
Translation: Stop! Le us weep by recalling the memories of the beloved and her home, situated near the
edge of hill, between Dukhool and Hoomal.
Explanation: %: It is !")*. It may have two meaning: (1) “O my both friends! Stop!” or (2)
Stop! Stop!.” It is also common in the Arabic literature to use !")* to call a single person. In such case, it
gives the sense of repetition. An example in the Quran is M
( SK1( 4= _4 qC C% 8
K S= := gK
&C Q CzN( E
. Allah
is only One but the plural word M
( SK1( 4= is in meaning of “Return me! Return me! Return me!”.
-(: The last edge of sand. S; : Twisted and curved. A depiction of sand hills and mounds.
'( G S=
(qSK>E : Two places
q( R _
H SK P(G =,
$5 C ... K= 4 ?
K 10 ´ 3( -f( D `
t( SKD
Translation: (The home of beloved) was situated between Tudhih and Miqrat. Its signs are not erased
because wind blows from its North and South.
Explanation: 3( -f(
`
t( SK*: Two places. The S;
( -( was situated among these four places. :K = 4 : The
signs of a ruined home e.g. bricks etc. V ®$5: Opposite direction of two winds. The signs of that
place were not erased because if the Northern winds take some sand, the opposite Southern winds bring
that sand back and vice versa. It may be figurative meaning that the signs of her love are not erased from
my heart because opposite feelings like winds of North & South are keeping her love alive in my heart.
'C
?
K %( 5 J.
C 8
( K ... SL;E
* S0 (V 3C C J5B
Translation: When they loaded their luggage (on animals to move) on the morning of separation, I was
(weeping) like that person who is near the acacia trees of the tribe and flipping colocynth.
Explanation: V
( 3C C: The morning of separation. Separation from one’s beloved is the time of extreme
grief. 8
( K : Acacia tree. J.C : Tribe. 'C
?
K %( 5: One flicking colocynth with his nails to get its nut.
The poet has described the condition of his weeping along with the metaphor of a person flicking
colocynth because tears come out of his eyes due to its bitter fumes.
'( E,
* x&C h
= ;( * :MC SS-0 ... := K E"k( G EJ;< J(
=W (T nDSL%K
Translation: My companions standing at spot on their mounting animals said to me: “Don’t kill yourself
due to grief, be patient in a nice way.”
Explanation: nDSL%K : Standing. It is _S G because it is q
.
x&C: Extreme sorrow, grief, depression. It is _S G because it is the reason or ! qS1G.
'( E,
*: Be patient in a nice way. In Quran, it is mentioned that when the sons of Prophet Jacob 3S; !";<
$ came to him with the shirt of Prophet Joseph and told that a wolf has killed him, he said: a = DC
MC SL( * G C;< ML 1$
= K !K U; 'b "( .
q( ES1 GK PG ~
H 4( O :H = 4 = < 'D ... b %C GK 3b = < J(R sMN
Translation: (I reply to my companions) My cure is in these shed tears. (Then I come out of my emotions
and become rational and say: Yes! You are right. I should not weep because) Is there any helper near the
extinguishing signs?
Explanation: 3b = <
: Tears. b %C GK : Shed, pouring out. ~
H 4( O: Extinguishing. q( ES1 GK : Helper, supporter.
The poet refuses to stop weeping and says that the cure of his grief is in tears. When he comes out of his
emotions and thinks in a realistic manner, he realizes that there is no benefit of weeping and moaning.
'( B T( _
( TE &L (*4 ... C;C%
( ( 0=S
K &L P= G( h
T(& C
Translation: (O Imr-al-Qais!) Your habit was similar in case of Umm-ul-Huwairith and her neighbor
Umm-ur-Rabaab before at Ma’sil.
Explanation: _
( &O : Habit. '( B G : A mountain, if it is read as '( ( B G , it is the name of a spring.
Now, the poet relieves himself by recalling his two earlier affairs. It depicts his lousy character.
'( L 5= -C E0 T( 8
= Q E : "$5 ... K= G( h
K $
= f(
ES
* G % zN
Translation: When both of them used to stand, the musk was coming from them as the breeze scatters the
fragrance of carnation.
Explanation:
ES
*: It spreads. E : "$5: Breeze, light wind. E04 : Fragrance. '( L 5= -C : Carnation, a
plant.
'( E
g(4S= L P= G( n,< "CD ... J(E"k( G 4 C1 ; 8
K = -C < S0
Translation: The day, when I slaughtered my mounting camel for the virgins. What an amazement!!!
(The reason of that amazement) was that its saddle was loaded on the other camels.
Explanation: 8
K = -C < : I slaughtered. In the Quran, it is mentioned := ( T4 ( G= &C P= < =S< C %C E K-C 1 DC .
4 C1 : The virgin girls. 4< is its singular. g(4S= L : Its saddle.
In order to relieve himself, the poet recalls his memories of the incident of “Daratul Juljul” when he stole
their dresses and enjoyed with them. Since many of this days spent with them were good, so it doesn’t
matter that a day of separate has saddened him.
'( EC K d
( - G _
( EK :H
= R ... (
= ;C T P "= ( *0 4 C1 s'C D
Translation: The virgin girls started throwing the meat and fat of camel to each other which had long
lashes like twisted silk.
Explanation: P
"= ( *0: They threw. :H
= R : Fat. _
( EgK : Edges. d
( - G : Silk. '( EC K : Twisted.
J;(= GK h
E5N 8
K 0S h
C :
= -D ... 3H F "<K 4 = >( 4= 7
(
K ;>O S0
Translation: The day, when I entered to the howdah, the chamber of U’naizah. She said: Woe on you!
You are going to make me walking.
Explanation: 4
=7( : Howdah, a chamber on the back of a camel. The second 4> is qT. Its examples are
common in the Quran e.g. !( CN( CN( 9 ;( UABCDC 8
( S E$ _
= &C _= jQ eL ;L T=&C J;1 C n
=W
J( P( T= ML Gg 0 ML S= < = D( qC C%
SKG.
8
K 0S h C: Woe on you! It is a style of expressing love or hatred. It depends on the tone of speaker.
J;(= GK : The one who causes other to walk on foot.
When they moved, Imr-al-Qais did not have any camel. He entered into the chamber of U’naizah. She
said, you are going to make me walk on foot because the camel will not bear the burden to two persons. It
will die and I’ll be without any mounting animal.
Explanation: !K G G(+ J>=4&C: Loosen its reins. J(0(1K* : Don’t create a distance for me. ( : Your fruits.
'( U;1 K : Of huge quantity or number
The poet compares U’naizah with a tree. He asks her to keep traveling in this way and allow him to
continue getting benefit from her company.
'( U;
*K :C n C ;
= C J;< ... 8
= 4 U1 * I
( ")C2 ( = C ;< nG=S0
Translation: One day, at the top of a mound, she forced me by swearing an oath, which had no exception.
Explanation: I
( ")C2 : Mound, hill. J;< 8
= 4 U1 *: She forced me.
= C: She swore.
Once, she swore in a way, that it was not possible to break that oath. There was no way to come out of this
oath.
J;=D J G=W
( 1G+= &C %
( = L MN ... '( E g /
1= T n= G :A( D&
Translation: O Fatima (real name of U’naizah)! Slow down! After this flirtation, if you have determined
to cut the relation with me, then do it in a nice way.
Explanation:
n = G : Slow down! Do slowly. '( E : Flirtation.
( 1G+= &C: You are determined. =W
: Cutting
'( 1 0 I
;C- KGB * G h
( E5& ... J;*% h
( E
K sM& JG ( EC &C
Translation: You are deceived by (a false belief about) me that your love is killing me and whatever you
instruct my heart, it will do.
Explanation:
( EC &C: You are deceived.
'( $
K = * h
( T(" P= G J(T"( J;$
K DC ... b -C ";> JG h
( *=Q = %C h
K * M {D
Translation: If you consider my character bad, then pull my heart out of your heart in order to separate
them.
Explanation: b -C ";>: Habit, character. J;
K : Pull out. '( $
K = *: It separates.
According to some experts, here the word _S is used in figurative sense. It means “heart”.
'( E-C GK I
H ;C% 4( #<= &C J(D h
( "= $
T( ... J(T(
= sN ( "<
= DC 4 zC G
Translation: Your both eyes shed tears to shoot your arrows in the parts of my heart in order to kill it.
Explanation: = DC 4 zC : She shed tears. : = : Arrow. 4( #<= &C: Parts. '( E-C GK : Killed.
The poet has compared the tears with the arrows which kill the heart.
'( ,
1KG
C (T SH C P(G
K 1= E * ... gK£(> K K0 4H = >( (
"T
Translation: There are many beautiful protected women living in tents (who contain themselves in tents
and do not deal with men), it is not possible to enter into their tent but I have enjoyed playing with them
without any hastening.
Explanation: (
"T: Egg. 4H = >( : Tent, howdah. K K0: It is desired, it is possible. gK£(>: Her tent.
K 1= E *: I
enjoyed. SH C: Playing. ' (, 1KG: Hastening.
The poet has used the parable of ‘egg’ to depict the beauty of a woman. All animals protect their eggs in
sand, nests, or other places. In Arab literature, this parable is used for the beautiful women who are pure
and protected like eggs. This parable indicates the height of their morality and character. The same
parable is used in the Quran for the women in the Paradise i.e. / a "= T EPK E5BCC .V
a <(
( = Uk 8
K W
( C% := gK = <(
Mb SK2 G .
J;-G MC $
( 0K S nW
( EJ;< ... n#1G "CN n
= &C 8
K += ,*
Translation: I passed the guards and tribe in order to reach her. They had a strong desire to kill me
secretly.
Explanation: 8
K += ,*: I passed. n
= &C: Security guards. n#1G: Group of people, nation, tribe. nW
( :
Greedy, having strong desire.
'( E Lf
( R(S ( C& }
1 * ...
= t
E1 * ( E$ ± 0 ) G zN
Translation: (I visited her) at the time when the Venus appeared on sky. Its appearance was similar to a
necklace on which pearls are fixed at a distance from each other.
Explanation: 0 ) : Venus, a star.
= t
E1 *: It appeared. ( C&: Similar to, at the time of. '( E Lf
( R(S : A
necklace in which pearls are fixed at some distance with each other. The poet has compared the line of
stars with the pearls in a necklace.
'( -C C-<
H -(
z
H = > PK k T T ... 5 J
C
5=F &C E;C D
Translation: When we crossed the courtyard of Hayyi Tribe and reached at a quite valley surrounded by
hills who had tightly fixed sand.
Explanation: 5=F
&C: We crossed. C
: Courtyard. 5 : We leaned / reached. PK k T: Valley.
H = > : Quiet.
'( ( k GK 3C u
(
P= G 3H ( T ... J-* 'H "= ( &C P= < K* K *
Translation: She turns away and shows her cheek. She protects herself and looks like a wild deer of
Wajrah having a baby.
Explanation: K *: She turns away.
K*: She shows. 'H "= ( &C: Cheek. J-*: She protects with a shield. This
word is commonly used in the Quran. 3C : A place. '
( ( k GK : One having a baby.
When she turns away, her cheek appears due to turning her face. She looks like a wild deer who has a
baby. Deer of Wajrah were beautiful. A mother deer looks in a very careful manner.
'( 2( ) 1 fL ( ;C 7
= S( = -( C r
H "C& ... :H
( D O S = &C P PK 0F0
H = DC
Translation: Her deep-black hair are adorning her back. They are huge in quantity like a branch of a date-
palm tree full of fruit.
Explanation:
H = DC : Hair. P : Back of human body. :H
( D: Deep black. r H "C&: Abundant. S( = %( : Fruit. It is
also used in the Quran ' ( 2( ) 1 fL .b "5( O M
b S= %( 1( ; AC P= G( '( 7
= E =PG( : A branch having fruit.
'( = GK x )CGK ± ¾
K C-1( '
( *K ...
C 1K oN 8
a 4(F#
= $
= GK pK K ( C
Translation: When her bunches of hair are raised, her cluster of hair at back of head wanders between her
two bunches and hair of forehead.
Explanation: K ( C: Bunch of hair bundled by a ribbon or thread. 8
a 4(F#
= $
= GK : Raising. '
( *K: It wanders, it
hides. ¾K C-1( : Cluster of hair at back of head. x )CGK : Two bunches of hair. '( = GK : Hair of forehead.
It is a depiction of her excessive hair.
'(
( = N h
K 0$G & JH (C 9K 04C& ... !K E5B PH #
R
(¬
H >= T SLk1*
Translation: She picks with soft (fingers) which are not hard. They are like the earthworms of Zabee or
like the cleaning sticks of Ishil.
Explanation: SLk1*: She picks. ¬ H >= 4 : Soft & tender. PH #
R : Hard. 9K 04C&: Earthworms, plural of &.
JH (C : A place. h
K 0$G : Stick for cleaning teeth, plural of S$G. '( ( = N: A tree whose branches are soft.
The poet has described two parable of her fingers. (1) Earthworms because they are soft and tender. (2)
Soft branches of a tree. The poet should be applauded for comparison with earthworms.
'( GK I
H g 4 $= GK 3L 4 G ... E5BC ( #(1T s y JK*
Translation: At night, she enlightens in darkness like the night fire of a God-oriented monk.
Explanation: y JK*: She enlightens. 3L 4 G: A lamp. $= GK : At evening. I
H g 4: A monk. One who leaves
the world and spend his life in jungles. The Quran has described in monasticism of Christians: n E"5(g= 4
:= ( "= ;C < g= C GgSK< T= . '( GK : One who totally submit himself to God. It is also used in the Quran = L z
n "(= * !( "= CN( ' E* h T4 : = . Monks used to lit fire at a high place in order to guide travelers. The poet is
describing it as a parable of the face of his beloved.
q( S ,
= G(
H 4= O( V
T8
= E2C G zN ... n TW :K ";C. SK50 (;)(G oN
Translation: A decent person (having self-control) also stares at a woman similar to her with strong
desire as she stands between an old woman and a little girl.
Explanation: SK50: He stares at. n TW: With strong desire. 8
= E2C : She stands.
H 4= O( : Shirt of a young
woman. q
( S ,
= G( : Shirt of a little girl. It is depiction of her age. She is neither too old nor too young.
'$KT( g Sg P= <
= O D d
"C ... P( < q( 8
K 0<
= U;$
*
Translation: Unreasonable attitude of people at young age ends (with maturity). But her love cannot be
removed from my heart.
Explanation:
= U;$
*: It ends. 8
K 0<: Blindness, unreasonable attitude. : Young age. g Sg: Her love,
her desire. In the Quran, it is said about the Prophet :; !";< ^ ;W, S P
= < K k( = 0 G . '$KG: Ended.
'( *KG
( C !( ( 1* ;< `
H " 5 ... !K *KO= O 4 S&C h
( "D :H = > E_4K &
Translation: Behold! Many persons came to debate with me harshly about you, they were admonishing
and reproaching me about it but I returned them without paying a heed.
Explanation: :
H= > : One who debates a lot. In the Quran, it mentioned : :a "( > S gK Cz{(DC H C k 5K P= G( MC $5(6 ;C >
V
a (GK . S&C: One who debates a lot. `H " 5: Well-wisher. One who admonishes. q( 1*: Reproaching.
'( *KG: One who cares. It is an expression of his firmness in his love affair.
J;" ( SKK
( S=5BCT J;< ... !K CK >4= &C (
=
( SC 'H "C
Translation: The night like a wave of sea loosened its curtains (of troubles) on me along with different
kinds of grieves in order to test me.
Explanation: >4= &C: It loosens. q
C K: Curtain. ( SKK : Grief, troubles. J;": So that it tests. It is widely
used in the Quran n0(R
n F+( SLF( +K MC SKG( = K J ;( KT= h
(gK .
'( 2C ; 2C T Q 5 n+,=<&C
q( = :W
K oN MH C ~
( GBT ... !K G SK,5K UMB 'H "C P G( h
C "DC
Translation: What happened you to you??? O Night! It is like that its stars are tied with a linen rope with
the back of rocks.
Explanation: h
C 0: What happened to you?? An expression of amazement. ~
( G&: Rope, cord. MH C :
Linen. :W
K : Back. q( = : Rock.
It is difficult for the poet to pass the night. He gives a parable of the length of night as its stars are tied
with rocks with a strong cord that they are not going to disappear.
( S= ,
C OH
Translation: (I am so brave that) I pass through an empty valley which is like a hollow belly of a donkey.
(It is so uninhabited that) the wolf howls like that person who has a big family but he has lost everything
in a gamble.
Explanation: OH : Valley.
q( F( = 0 hC=
J=
(
= 0 P= G ... !K *CD&C ni="R qC 5 G zN 5(
Translation: (O Wolf!) Behold! Whenever one of us gets something, he loses it. Whoever will earn
something like earning of you & me will waste it away.
Explanation: !K *CD&C: He loses it.
(
= 0: He earns. q( F( = 0: He wastes. The word
means agricultural
produce. It is used in the Quran as earning in figurative way.
I
H "( 5 P= G( 3( >( | JD( !K C G = G( !( *(K5 "5=
C =
K 0(0K MC C P= G !( (=
J(D !K C O= F( 5 3( >( |
C =
K 0(0K MC C P= G
The poet describes his extravagance that whatever wealth he earns, he wastes it by spending on liquor and
prostitutes. It is a real depiction of his lavishness.
'( 2C "= g ( T( j ( "= %C O( ,= K T( ... (*L K J(D K "= sk & %
Translation: I start my morning by traveling on a very big horse, who is very fast and whose hair are
short and whose grip is like that of wild beasts.
Explanation: &: I go in the morning. (*
L K : Their nests. O( ,= GK : Fast-running and having small hair.
( T( j ( "= %C :
Grip of wild beasts. '( 2C "= g : A very big horse. After describing his passion for love and
steadfastness, now the poets describe his adventurism.
Explanation:
H "L : Chestnut. q F( 0: It removes, slips down. K = ; : A mat of wool. y S : A slippery
stone. q
( FK : Rain coming down.
'( = G( JK ; C !K "K=
!( "D w
zN ... !K G F(g= UMBC w
H E" '( TC ;<
Translation: Despite of its thin body, it is highly excited. When it agitates, its speed is like the heat of a
boiler in which a liquid is boiling.
Explanation: 8
( 0O( v : Wild animals. 3L 4 <K : Juice, extract. H E
( : Henna, a natural hair dyer. I
H "= R :
White hair. '( E GK : Combed. The poet describes the usefulness of his horse in hunting. The horse is so
quick that when the rider hunts an animal, it reaches near the game before its blood oozes out. The blood
dyes the hair of the chest of the horse like henna.
Explanation:
( W: My friend! _ is omitted due to balance the verse. / "= G( : Flash of thunderbolt. 9( = C
P( 0= " : Shine of quickly-moving hands. ÂH
: Clouds. '( U;2C GK : Gathered.
After describing his horse and hunting trip, now the poet describes rain and thunderbolt.
q( = ,
T( n="#
( G sN nLA&L C ... H ;C 7
= 5
( T( = K = 0 := C Q "= *
Translation: At Taima, it (the rain) neither left a single trunk of date palm tree nor any building except
the one constructed by stones.
Explanation: n(C: A mountain. V ( 5( < : Big drops of rain. '( T= : Heavy rain. OH : Shawl. '( EGF GK : Wrapped.
The rain was so heavy that a mountain looked like a man enwrapped in a shawl. This word is also used in
the Quran
n "(;%C UN( 'C "= U; := %L !'L GEFK 0&C 0.
'( K = <K u
K "= T(5&C S= -L !( (4= BCT( ... n E"#
( < C%= C !( "D
$ UMBCC
Translation: At night, on distant sides (of the city, the dead bodies of) wild beasts of prey drowned (in the
flood) looked like onions dropped in excavations.
Worth Reading
How to conduct work for Islamic Da’wah? How a Da’wah strategy should be
developed? The article is in Urdu
language.http://www.mubashirnazir.org/ER/L0005-00-Dawat.htm
Worth Reading
Modern testing techniques have a direct relationship with jealousy. How?
http://www.mubashirnazir.org/PD/English/PE02-0012-Jealousy.htm
O( E GK ?
H "KG TT K5BC ... ("(D /
K E 'C &L M( (7DC v
Translation: It (the camel) has two thighs perfectly filled with meat. They are like the two parts of an
elegant high gate.
Explanation: M
( (7DC : Two thighs. /
K E : Full of meat. ?
H "KG: High. O( E GK : Elegant
The poet compares the thighs of his camel with the two parts of a big gate.
O( E,
0K := C pK %C J(5"
( ($C ... a C #(G JG# ~
( CA= -( C ¡>
Translation: Its cheek is like Syrian paper and its lip is like Yemeni leather whose production has not yet
finished.
Explanation: a C #(G: Camel’s lip.
( (: Leather. pK %C : Its make. O( E,
0K ´ : It has not yet finished. At that
time, paper of Syria and leather of Yemen was considered the finest.
( W
= G
( C ;< $GC& S nT GK ... !K C> nD=S> d
K E !( "CN
= R
Translation: (When a person rides on it, his) heart becomes excited due to fear (camel) and it thinks that
I’ll be attacked. Although it goes on a way which has no watching post.
Explanation: !( "CN
= R : It becomes excited due to it. qC >: He thinks. nT GK : Attacked. ( W = G :
Watching post. The poet describes the quality of his camel that I can travel with it through a barren jungle
where everyone becomes scary without a real fear of watching robbers. In the Quran : = gK KK
= := gK L>K
H W
= G U'L := K C K1K % and nOW= G(
= 5C : E UMN(.
( U;*&C :C ' $
&C := ;C DC K"K< ... J(E5&C
K ;(> xD PG S% K S- zN
Translation: When my nation said, “Who is young man?” (to send a brave young man on a mission). I
think that I have been pointed out. I do not become lazy and I do not become dull.
Explanation: xD: Young boy. K "K<: I have been pointed. ' $
&C: I become lazy. ( U;*&C: I become dull.
The poet, describes the ideal character of an Arab who should be available to the call of his nation for any
national cause.
( E K 9( "(DE
( " 3( 4= z( oN ... J(%( K* 9K "Cº J.
C ( ;0 M N
Translation: If entire tribe gathers, you’ll find me in the summit of a lofty and firmly established house
(i.e. family).
Explanation:
( ;0: They gather. 9K "Cº J.
C : Entire tribe. 3( 4= z( : Summit. ( E fL : Firmly established.
Being proud of one’s family was the most important attribute of Arabian mentality.
( $
,KG OH = TK P "= T "C;<
K K* ... b "C% (S,C /
a "(T
G 5
Translation: My friends are as white (handsome) as stars. And there is a singer & dancer who comes to
us wearing a shawl and clothes fitted to her body.
Explanation:
G 5: My friends. b "C%: A slave girl expert in singing & dancing.
K K*: She comes to us.
OH = TK: Shawl. $,KG: Clothing fit to body.
(;C KG J0CA J%5N J1"T ... J(*sC 4 SKl
L J(T #* qC + G
Translation: My drinking of wine, my enjoyment (of parties), my selling and spending my earned and
inherited wealth continued.
Explanation: J0CA: My original. (;C KG: My inherited. This indicates another ideal of young Arabs who
made their objective to life to enjoy the life with wine and women.
( E1 K
( 1 O DN 8
K O= ( DL& ... ; 3L (#1 J(G* M &C o
Translation: It continued until entire family started avoiding me. I became alone like a camel which has a
skin decease.
Explanation: J(G* : They avoided me.
( E1 K : A camel having a skin decease. It is kept separate from
other camels to protect other camels from infection.
(0
= 2C ;C G T( g4K O( TL& J(<= DC ... J(E"G 9 DO 9K "k=$*
= L M {D
Translation: If you are unable to drive back my death, then leave me to spend whatever my hands
possess.
Explanation: J(E"G: Death. g4K O( TL&: I take initiative (to spend).
Pre-Islamic Arabs were although the followers of Prophet Abraham & Ishmael $ 3S; ";< but they
had completely forgotten their basic teachings. They ignored the Hereafter and wanted to enjoy this world
up to the greatest extent. Same is the situation of modern Muslims.
( $
( GK ( CCk( ±
H S( < ( = -C C ... !( (T( 'H "(7T H E5 = %C 4&C
Translation: I see that the grave of a miser who spend his wealth miserly is similar to the grave of an
unemployed extravagant person who destroys his wealth.
Explanation: H E5: A miser.
H S( < : One who enjoys the worldly pleasures. ( CCk( : Unemployed.
The poet says that if both stingy and extravagant people will become the same after their death, then why
do you ask me to be careful in spending? The poet has correctly described the mentality of squanderers.
Islam asked to avoid these both extremes and spend the wealth with care. Arabs used to consider misery
bad. Islam utilized their mentality of extravagance to spend money in alleviating poverty.
O( #
K u
(
( q( G C ;C "-< ... JCk 0 (2 K 10 8
S 4&
Translation: I see that the death selects generous people and also selects the nice wealth of a excessive
extremist (miser).
Explanation: K 10: It selects. C ;C "-<: Nice wealth
( C 0 K gE K E0j ¬
( -L = * G ... H ;C "C U' n %5 nF=C u
"1 4C&
Translation: I see that the life is a depleting treasure. Whatever days and time extinguish, comes to an
end
Explanation:
( C 0: It will come to an end.
( G = $
T( EJ;< J;"C 45 ... H EK T EJ;< =G&C G K 1C
Translation: By your life! Any of my matters does not indulge me in hesitation. Neither my days nor my
nights are eternally long (due to worries).
Explanation: H E
L : Hesitation. ( G = : Eternally long.
The poet expresses his determination and bravery that he neither hesitates nor becomes worried.
O( EF *K := C P= G 4( >jT h
"*B0 ...
n g(
G K 0j h
K
Translation: Soon the time will show you about what you were ignorant. It will bring news to you about
which you’ve not prepared yourself.
Explanation: K*: It will show. The poet gives an ultimatum to his enemies.
( <( SG
% !K _
= ( * :C n*T ... !K C 9= (* := C P= G ( 5jT h
"*B0
Translation: It will bring news to you about which you have not purchased any provisions and you have
not set the time.
Explanation: n*T: Provisions. Time brings unexpected incidents. Here the word 9"T (transaction of sale) is
used in the meaning of ‘purchase’.
Dear Reader!
You might have observed that some people use a lot of Build Your Personality
words to describe a set of meanings while other people use Prophet :; !";< ^ ;W asked to leave
less words to describe the same set of meanings. useless things and tasks.
In I’lm-ul-Ma’ani, there are three types of use of words as compared to meaning:
• 8 $G: If the words used are almost equal to the meanings, it is called 8 $G. For example,
0=&C4 CzN(
p( ( "= C r
H 0(
J(D SKtSK70 E
:= K = < }
= ( <= BCDC *(0 J(D CMSKtSK70 P 0(U (When you see those who discuss in a
negative manner about Our signs, turn away from them until they engage themselves in other topic).
Here, the words used are equivalent to the meanings. Equivalency means that an average person (neither
an expert or a totally ignorant person) is able to understand the meaning which are intended.
• +,=0N: If the words used are less than meanings, it is called +,=0N. For example, J(= &L 0 3b "
¾
( -( J(D := 2L C
_
( jQ (O people of wisdom! There is a life for you in retaliation). Here, the words used are much lesser
than meanings. Allah has left explanation of the fact that the legal procedure of retaliation for murder will
result in a life for entire humanity. Due to fear of retaliation, people will stop killing others. If this law is
not implemented, it will give an open license of killing others as we see in the modern world. All these
meanings are described in a few words.
• _AN: If the words used are almost more than the meanings, it is called _AN. For example, Prophet
Zakariyah $ 3S; !";< said, n="R
~
K & E 'C 1 R= JG( :K 1 P g J5N( _4 (O Lord! Surely my bones have
weakened and the hair of my head glistens with grey). Here, more words are used to describe the meaning
that “I’ve grown older”.
There are various reasons for using +,=0N.
• To make something memorable. Usually life experiences are described in minimum words in form of
“Quotes” so that people may learn them by heart and remember them every time. The Quran has
described its complete message in form of small Surahs at the end. These Surahs are easy to memorize
and describe the complete message of the Quran in minimum words.
• To make something easily understandable. Sometimes, a long discussion is difficult to comprehend.
Therefore, a few words are used to make the message understandable.
• Sometimes, the audience is not willing to listen or read a long discussion or the speaker has not enough
time to discuss the details. Therefore, the message is described in a few words.
• Some people intentionally describe a portion of their talk in symbolic way. Their objective is to hide that
portion of their message from ordinary people. The people who already know about that can understand
that portion by the hints mentioned in it.
( = 1K (T = GK & S 1 >K (Firmly adopt forgiveness, speak for justice and avoid
ignorant people). This small verse carry the a great ethical philosophy of Islam. The character of a
Muslim is described here. He / she should forgive others. He / she should always speak for justice in
legal, social and economic matters. He / she should avoid debating with ignorant people who do not want
to listen anyone else. All experts of T are more concerned about this type of +,=0N. An expert, Aktham
Bin Saifi declared that the +,=0N is the T.
•
. +,=0N: As we discussed earlier that certain understood words or phrases are deleted. Some
indication is provided in the sentence that certain words are deleted. It is called
. +,=0N. For example,
V
"(E !K U; r
C 1 DC 3n
( n EG&L ~
K E MC C (People were one nation, then they disagreed on religious issues, so
Allah sent His prophets.). Here the bold italic phrase is not mentioned in words because it is understood
that the prophets were sent to resolve disagreements on religious matters.
Types of _AN
_AN can be classified into various categories:
• '0Sk*: If two or more words or phrases are used to describe the same meaning, and it is not determined
that which word is additional, it is called '0Sk*. For example, x"(G xT( CS% & (I have found her
words false and lie.). Two words x"(G xT( are used for the same meaning. We can take any of these
words and declare the other one additional. The objective of using various words is to clarify different
aspects of the same thing or merely emphasizing on that thing.
• S=#
: If two or more words or phrases are used to describe the same meaning, and we know that which
word is additional, it is called S#
. For example, the poet says: P< È2 : !K ;C % d ( Gj ( S" : ;(< :K ;C <&
< H C ± G :;< (I know what’s happening today or yesterday before it, but about the knowledge of
tomorrow, I’m blind). Here the words !K ;C % d ( Gj are used for the same meaning. d ( Gj means “yesterday”
and !K ;C % means “before today”. Here the word d ( Gj was enough but the word !K ;C % is additional i.e. S#
.
• 1 1T ¾l z: It is description of a general thing and then discussing some specific thing after it.
The objective of this detail is to focus on the specific thing. For example, 3( E 8 ( S;C E C;< SLD(
Ck= SK (Protect the prayers especially the middle prayer). Initially general prayers are discussed and then
the specific “Middle Prayer” is described. The reason for describing it to focus on the A’sr prayer. In the
society in which the Quran was revealed, the time before sunset was extremely important. Shepherds had
to gather their animals. Traders had to shut down their shops. Farmers had to finish their day’s work. In
that society, extra care was required to perform the A’sr prayer so Allah emphasized on it.
• ¾l 1T 1 z: It is description of a specific thing and then generalizing it. The objective of this
detail is also to focus on the specific but describing that the general is also important. For example, in the
prayer of Prophet Noah $ 3S; !";<, he asked, V (G( = K ; ( n(G= GK J("= T 'C > O P= ( E ( S( J( = ( _4
8
( G( = K (O Lord! Forgive me, may parents, and whoever enters my home as a believer and all believer
men and women). Specific persons are discussed before general believer men and women to draw Allah’s
specific attention towards these specific believers.
• 4 2*: It is repeating something. Unnecessary repetition is a weakness in communication but purposeful
repetition is useful. The objective is to emphasize or something and penetrate it in the mind of the
audience. It is used to arouse certain emotions e.g. love, fear, thankfulness etc. For example, the verse,
M( T2C *K 2L T4 ( BC(DC (O Jinn & Man! Which of your Lord’s favor, both of you will deny?) The objective
of repetition is to draw the attention of audience towards Allah’s blessings and to develop the emotion of
thankfulness to God.
• =Tj 1T 06 : It is explanation of something after describing it briefly. The objective of this is to
force the audience to think deeply. For example, the verse, V
(T H 15= BCT( := L EG &C :MC SK;C 1= * T( := L EG &C (He has
provided you what you know: He has provided you with cattle and children.)
• } (< : Sometimes, a sentence containing an idea which should be told due to some urgency is brought
between two sentences while it is not directly related to the original communication. It is called ;K
t1G. For example, when Prophet Muhammad’s name used in a sentence, we say :; !";< ^ ;W
(Blessings of Allah and peace be upon him). This sentence has usually no relation with other sentences of
our discussion but it indicates the love of a speaker for the Prophet. Another example in the Quran, Cz{(DC
SK*B DC := 2L C
b =
:= L £K $5( ÏÏÏ P 0(kC K I
( 0K V
T( ESE I
( K0 ! U; UMN( ÏÏÏ !K U; := L G &C r
L "=
P= G( EPgK SK*B DC MC = EkC *
:= Ki R( E5&C := 2L C=
(When they [your wives] become pure, come to them [to perform sexual intercourse] at
the place where Allah has ordered you to do --- verily, Allah loves those who repent and loves the pure
people ---- your wives are your tilth, so come to your tilth in whatever way you want). Here Allah has
described the manners of sexual intercourse which is ordered to be performed only in the vagina, not in
any other part of the body. It is not allowed while the woman is menstruating. Women are like the tilth.
Both husband and wife can enjoy in whatever way they want but they are required to do that in a pure and
clean way. Even while enjoying their family life, they should be God-fearing. They should not be
crossing limits. This is a t( 1G ;K to remind an important fact. Use of t( 1G ;K is common in the
sermons of orators. Sometimes, a long t( 1G ;K is also used. Due to not understanding this concept,
some people think that the Quran is not an organized book but their view is not correct.
• '"0*: If some generalization is described as a part of some specific thing or event, it is called '"0*. For
example, n%SKg+ M
C C 'C A( UMN( 'L A( g +
Q (Truth came and falsehood vanished. Verily the
falsehood [by its nature] is vanishing). Here the sentence n%SKg+ M C C 'C A( UMN( is a generalized statement
after description of the specific event of arrival of truth i.e. the Quran.
• ~ (
: If a word or phrase is used to prevent any misconception before it may arise in the mind of
audience, it is called ~
. For example, > = &L n 0 H SK ( "= C P= G( Q "= T
= K 7
= * h
( CN( 0 := K t
= (Put
your hand under your armpit, it shall become shining white without causing harm, as another sign). Here
the phrase H SK ( "=
C P= G( is used to remove a misconception i.e. the hand of Prophet Moses $ 3S; !";<
becomes white, it may be due to some decease. This misconception is removed by the phrase “without
causing harm”.
• '"2*: If a word or phrase is used to add value to the sentence by providing some special information or
point, it is called '"2*. For example n
( &C n"(0 n"(2$
= G( !(
K C;< 1Uk MC SK1( k 0K (They feed poor people,
orphans and captives with a love for Him). The phrase !(
K C;< is additional but it describes the love of
pious people with Allah while feeding poor people. They do not feed for a show-off. It is for the sake of
Allah.
Test Yourself
Translate the following passages of the Quran. Identify the type of _AN & +,=0N. Tell your basis of
determining it. Describe the purpose of _AN & +,=0N. Read the context, if something is not clear.
.MC SK;C 1= *
S= UC E:L
(102:1-6) : "(,
MC = C
V
(G( = K ; ( h
(5=C ( = ( = = !K U; UN( ! CN( !K E5C& := ;C <= CD
(47:19) 8 ( G( = K
SKG P 0(U UN( .H $= >K J(C MC $5(6 UMN( .( = 1
( = E T( =SW
S* (T =SW
S* 8
( (E SL;( <
(103:1-3)
.?
( "= E ( # C ;C
= 4( := ( D( 0(N .u
H 0= %L
( 0(6
H SK P= G( := K 1 A &C (U .
( "= Cg E_4 KK1= "; DC
(106:1-4)
H S= > P= G( := K G
8
( G( = K V
(G( = K 8( ;( $= K V
( ;( =$K UMN(
P 0(T(E 8 ( C%O( E V %( O( E 8 ( 5(C- V (5(C-
V
%( K 8( 1R( 7 V 1( R( 7 (8 T(E
V
( D( 8 ( (E V ( (E 8 ( C% K
8
( ( U n()C ! U; P 0(( U 8 ( CD( := K KDL
(33:35) n"(< n=&C 3n ( = G : = K C !K U; E< &C
V
( (= GK
a SLk- G ( Kg T( O UM&C G= jQ h
(zC !( "= CN( "=
%C
(15:66)
0 .O( RE 'C "( := L ( g= &C J(5SK1(E* ( S= %C 0 P G (U qC C%
4K O J g( 3C >( | UMN( a G "5= 3L " p( ( g E5N( ( S= %C
'C ( < P= G ;C ) G( UN( F, = 0K CD n iC" 'C ( < P= G .4( -C
MC SL;>K = 0 h i(C= BLDC Pa G( = GK S gK C)5=&L = &C HC zC P= G( n(W
:= L SK<O= &C J( G ( S= %C 0 ._ H $
( ( "= T( "(D MC SL%+ = 0K C E,
!( U;(T L jQ J(5SK<= * .4( E CN( J(5SK<= * 3( ,E CN(
F( 0(F1 CN( := L SK<O= &C 5&C :a ; <( !( T( J( d "= C G (!T( ( R= &L
JD( 3b S <= O !K C d "= C !( "= CN( J(5SK<= * E5&C .4( U
V
D( ( $ = K UM&C !( U; CN( 5EO G UM&C 3( >( | J(D "5=
}
K SDC &L := 2L C qL SL%&C G MC KL $ DC .4( E _ K W = &C := gK
(40:38-44) O( 1( (T a ( T ! U; UMN( !( U; CN( (=G&C
:( U;)CK D
( 4 ( 5GS=
T( ... :( s;2* :C b G= O( CD= &C &L P= G( &C
Translation: Is this filthy place situated on a rocky place between Daraj & Mutathallam belongs to Umm
Aaufah who did not talk?
Explanation: b G= O( : A filthy place. ( 5GS=
: Rocky area.
Umm Aaufah was the wife of the poet who divorced him. He describes his grief about that separation.
CA
( "= (T
K = $
% BCDC
Translation: I swore the home (Ka’aba) around which the people of Quraish & Jurhum (tribes) who built
it, performed circumambulation.
( = GK 'H "= P= G( qH
'L C;< ... *K= ( K M( "E$ : 1= (C n"0
Translation: I swear that these two chiefs are the best. Both of you were found in each condition of
weakness or decisive power.
Explanation: ' H "= : Weakness. ( = GK : Decisive power. The poet praises the two chiefs of the fighting
tribes who reached at reconciliation by giving 3000 camels as blood money.
:( #
= G k(< :"= T Ss%O =S5C* ... G1= T MC "T=zL n$=< K 4 *
Translation: (O both chiefs!) Both of you made right the matter of A’bs & Dhubyan (tribes) after that
they destroyed each other by pounding themselves and used the perfume of Mansham.
Explanation: =S5C*: They destroyed each other. Ss%O : They pounded. k(<: Perfume. :( #
= G : The lady who
fired up the emotions of war.
:( ;C $
= 5 ( Gj P G(
:( CBG @
H SL-<K P= G( "D P( 0= "1T ... PH A( S= G
( > ;< =G( K
= W
= BCDC
Translation: Both of you reached at the best place while you were away from impiety and sin.
Explanation: PH A( S= G : Place. @
H SL-<K : Impiety.
:( L 1= 0 ( ,
= P G( nF=C `
= $
= 0 P= G ... K0=( gK H 1 G ";K< ± V
= "= ( <
Translation: Both of you are great and you have found the greatness of Ma’ad (Ibn A’dnan). Whoever
will adopt the treasure of glory, he will become great.
Explanation: H 1 G : One of grand-grandfathers of Arabs. He was a grandson of Prophet Ishmael 3S; !";<
$ . `
= $
= 0: He makes lawful, he adopts.
( ( ,
= K T( "(D d
"= C P= G K,0K ...
=
W
= &C P "= iT K SL;2L s1 *K
Translation: The wounds are healed by hundreds (of camels). The person who was not accused (was
innocent) is also paying the installments (of blood money).
Explanation: s1 *K: It is effaced. K SL;2L : Wounds. :K ,0K: He pays in installments.
:( ,
= G( Q '(G := K "= T SL-0( 0K := C ... n G C H S= -C ( a SC% K,0K
Translation: A nation is paying installments of ransom for another nation, although they have not shed
blood among themselves even equivalent to the volume of a cupping tool
Explanation: SL-0( 0K: They shed blood. :( ,
= G( : Tool for cupping
:( $
- GK U'L :K K= $
% &C ' g :MC "T=zL ... n 4( J<
=
jQ e( ;( T=&C C &C
Translation: Behold! Send my message to the allies (the tribes of Asad & Ghatfan) and Dhubyan: “Have
to completely taken an oath?”
Explanation:
:( E K r
( 0C.T = < S gK G ... :K K% zL := K= ;( < G sN _
K = .
C G
Translation: War is nothing except what you already know and what you’ve already tasted. My saying is
not a guesswork.
Explanation: :
( E K : Guesswork
(
= DC gSKK0=t
zN
= * ... n "= G( zC gSL)1 = * gSL)1 = * G
Translation: Whenever you’ll try to fire it (the war) up, it will be very bad. Whenever you’ll kindle it, it
will ignite (and will burn you).
Explanation: gSKK0=t
: You’ll kindle it. (
= DC : It will ignite.
:( i(= KDC ®
= = *K E:L nD#( `
= -C ; * ... (C)(T(
= < := 2L L =1DC
Translation: Then it will grind you like grinding in a hand mill by its components. It will apparently
become pregnant and will produce twins.
Explanation: K =1*: It will grind.
: Hand mill. q( C(: A component of a hand mill. ` = -C ; *: It will
pollinate / become pregnant. nD# ( : Apparently. ®
= = *K: It will produce. :( i(= *KQ: Twins.
The poet has compared the war with a mother of twins i.e. it will harm double.
:( k( DC 9= t
( = *K E:L OH < (
= BCC ... := K ; C BCR= &C MC ; ( := 2L C ®
= (= KDC
Translation: It will give birth to two boys who will be the most misfortunate like the Red A’ad. Then it
will feed them and then it will wean.
Explanation: This verse indicates that Arabs were well aware of the history of A’ad & Thamud. The
Quran told them this history to change their mind.
:( g 4= O( FH "= ( %C P= G( @
( (1(T
x L% ... ;( g= j ' ( *K G := 2L C ' ;( = KDC
Translation: Then it will yield you what villages of Iraq do not yield in produce and money. (The impact
of war will be very big like the production of fertile lands of Iraq.)
:(
= t
PK T= PK "=
K := ( "(* K0 Ý ... :K ( "= ;C < E J. : 1= (C =1 C
Translation: I swear my life that the best tribe is the one upon whom Husain Ibn Dhamdham has placed a
burden (of blood money) which was not suitable.
Explanation: They are nice people that they have accepted the burden of inappropriate blood money in
order to end the war. Husain killed a person of A’bas against the opinion of his tribe. Despite of that fact,
his tribe bore the burden of blood money.
H U-C GK
( $ JR H &C C
Translation: In front of him, there was a lion wearing weapons, who participates in battles. He had long
hair on his neck and his nails were not trimmed.
Explanation: $ JR: The person who has worn weapons.
:H C 1= K T( Ë"s;
N
= %C AC zN ... =:gK K G= &C ~
:K ( 1= 0 qH
C
( JH
C
Translation: It is a tribe who protects people in their affairs, when a night brings a great trouble for them.
:( ;C $
= K T( := ( "= ;C < J(5Cº K 4( º C ... !K ;C = * K 4( = 0K P( = Lz CD H (
Translation: They are so generous that person full of grudge cannot keep a grudge against them. And a
criminal against them cannot remain peaceful.
Explanation: P
( = Lz: A person full of grudge. J(5Cº K 4( º : A criminal.
( BC$
= 0 h
T&C n S=
V
5(C ... u
= 1( 0 P= G 3( ".
C ?
"= (C2*
K = i(
Translation: I’ve got bored with the troubles of life. Whoever lives for 80 years will get bored, may your
father not remain.
Explanation:
K = i( : I got bored. h
T&C : An expression of boredom. The poet starts describing his life
experiences.
:( $
( = T( B AC S= 0K _
H "5=BCT( ~
= E
0K ... 3H "= )C 4H SKG&L ± 9= 5( 0K :C P= G
Translation: The person who does not cajole in most of matters, he will be chewed by canine teeth and he
will be stomped under foot sole.
Explanation: 9 = 5( 0K :C: He cajoles / talks sweetly. ~
= E
0K: He will be chewed. _
H "5=&C: Canine teeth. :( $
( = G :
Foot sole. The poet has experienced that flattering people are successful with dishonest people. Simple
and honest people are stomped and harmed by others. It is not an urge to be a flatterer, it is a criticism on
those people who like flattering and sweet talk.
:( G 0K !K = < P = $
= 0K !( G( S= %C ;< ... !( ;( CT( ' 7
= "DC H'
= DC Cz h
K 0 P= G
Translation: Whoever possess wealth and he becomes stingy about his wealth to spend it on his nation,
(people) will become indifferent about him and his will be disparaged.
:( ,
= ,
0 ( Pi( k GK oN ... !K; %C K0 P= G :K G 0K
( SK0 P= G
Translation: The person who fulfils (his promise) is not disparaged. The person whose heart is rightly
guided towards satisfactory piety, does not speak nonsense.
Explanation: :
(, = ,
0: He speaks nonsense.
:( U;$
K T( ( E$ _
= &C 4 SC ... !K ; 0 0 _
C& _
g P= G
Translation: The reasons of death will reach to the person who fears them although he climbs at sky with
a ladder.
:( ;C 0K ~
:( ;( 0 C P= G = E 0K .... !(
(
C$( T( !( t
( S=
P= < O= L 0 := C P= G
Translation: The person who does not drive people away from his pond by weapons, he will be pulled
down. The person who does not pressurize people, he is offended.
Explanation: O=
L 0 := C: He did not drive away. }
( S=
: Pond, metaphor for anything in possession.
1Cf '( 1 ,
= 0 P= G
Translation: The person who does good with the people who are not suitable for that, his praise will
become dispraise and he will regret.
Explanation: Before doing good with someone, a person should consider the meanness of the person with
whom he is going to do good.
:( ;C 1K* ~
( E ;< C7
= * C> M N .... H -C "= ;> P= G( H (G = <( P= 2L * = G
Translation: Whenever a person has some habit, people will know about it even if he thinks that he can
keep it secret.
:( ;L
= 0 ( g E$ 1= T ìC UMN ... pK 1= T : ;
(
( "= E# p UMN
Translation: An old man cannot become decent after foolishness. Although a young man can become
decent after his stupidity.
(
= "K nGS0 qC =$ ( )(2 0K P= G ... :K *K= 1K DC 5= <K := K"= kC <= BCDC BC
Translation: We asked (for help) and you gave. We repeated and you also repeated (and gave again). The
person who asks (for help) too much, he is refused one day.
GK
L
C
MC S= ;C > ®
a,
( ... ($"(5&C ( = < 1= T E,
* Pa G O(
Translation: These are the ruins on which years with their allowable & forbidden months have been
passed after its inhabitant vacated them.
Explanation: P
a G O( : Ruins.
E,
*: It passed. ($"(5&C: Its inhabitant. ® a,
( : Years. Arabs used to count their
years by pilgrimage. So ®
became a synonym of year. M C S= ;C > : They remained empty.
In the Divine Law given by the Prophet Abraham $ 3S; !";<, it was not allowed for Arabs to fight in
four months. The objective of this restriction was to promote pilgrimage and economic activity. People of
Arabia always adhered to this principle.
GK %&C 5SKGK ,K* a TK+K ... 5BCC q( SL;sk P( < qL S"$
C
Translation: Floods renewed these ruins as they are books whose text is refreshed by pens.
Explanation: q
( SL;sk : Ruins. a TK+K : Books. ,K*: It became new. When the writing in hand-written books
becomes dull, it is refreshed by fresh ink. The word a TK+K is also used in the Quran V
(EjQ ( TK+K J(C !K E5N( . The
Book of Prophet David $ 3S; !";<, the Psalms are called 4ST+.
Worth Reading
Form of religious rituals is very important but their real spirit is more important. Read
the details in: http://www.mubashirnazir.org/PD/English/PE02-0017-Spirit.htm
Explanation: H CSK#
= G : Northern wind.
= )C;( L : It is put inside it. ®
H DC = <
( T(5: Fresh branches of A’rfaj tree.
9H A( : Radiant. GK = &C:
Its flames. Northern wind is considered to produce more smoke. Putting fresh
branches of a tree also produce more smoke. It means that the fire of my heart is producing enormous
smoke.
Explanation:
K <+ : I held back. 3H %( : Cold.
Arabs did not use to like North Winds because they used to cause drought and were very harmful to
health. They poet describes his character that I protected people from the calamities of drought by
providing them food at the time of North Winds.
Explanation: 4( KF : Slaughtered camel. 4H $0=&C: Gambling. (=
: Its death. H (G : Arrows. GK
C <= &C: Its
shape. It was a common practice in rich people of Arabia to arrange drinking and gambling parties
especially at the time of drought. They used to slaughter camels and play gambling games to win its meat.
After winning, they used to distribute their meat in poor people. Such parties were used as an expression
of pride and generosity. When the Quran forbade gambling & drinking, it was an amazing directive for
the Arabs because they used to consider this activity generous. The Quran urged them to spend their
money on poor but not indulge themselves in gambling and drinking because they are Satanic activities.
Explanation: H %( <: Barren, not having a child. 'H ( kKG: Having a baby
Explanation: n( 7 GK : Fertile. GK =g&C: Its mounds & hills. The poor guests and neighbors became so rich
with that meat as they are living in a fertile valley.
Explanation: B*: She takes refuge at. _ ( Aj : Side of a tent. H 0sz4 : A poor woman. ( "; :
Afflicted. ¬
H (C%: Less GK g= &C: Her wearing cloths.
Explanation: M
C SL;U;2C 0K: They are filled.
=
*: They blow. n<(4 SR : Streets. n,L;>K : Every direction
GK # H"(< +K F( G( ... q F 0 := C 9K G( ,
( -C = zN E5N
Translation: Whenever groups meet (to fight or otherwise), definitely we have people for every big task
to take care of its worries.
Explanation: a G(
GK : One who reduces. GK Eg : Its authoritative chief
GK C I
H 4 _
K SK$C `
a = ... ;< V
K 1( 0K H C z nCD
Translation: He does so due to his virtue. He is open-handed. He helps in a generous way. He is good-
hearted. He earns attractive things in form of war booties.
Explanation: = E : They established a practice. An established practice is called “Sunnah”. The
established practice of the Prophet :; !";< ^ ;W is called His Sunnah.
GK
C
= &C SvC 9 G 'L "* C z N ... := K L1D( 4K SK0 CMSK1k0
Translation: They do not mold (themselves towards bad things). They do not make their works useless
because their wisdom is not inclined towards worldly desires.
Explanation: M
C SK1k0: They mold. 4K SK0: It is useless. K
C
= &C: Wisdom
J$
( 1 O R PT 31( L -C U;1 GK
A’ntara (d. 615CE) belonged to Banu A’bs. His father was the tribal chief and mother was a slave woman.
Arabs used to consider such children slaves. He fought bravely in war, so that his father manumitted him
and his status became equal to others. He participated in famous chain of battles called “Dahis wa
Ghabara” which longed for 40 years and killed thousands of people.
Explanation:
= s;
: She started living. P 0 F : Visitors (enemy). h
( TK(A: Your demand.
:( ;KG 'H "= ;C T( :K 2L TK(4
= G+K ... 5{D @ (
( 1G=+&C
( L MN
Translation: If you are determined for separation and (saddles) are tightened on your mounting animals
in darkness of night, (it was expected for me).
:( ;C 1 (T d
"C (PG 'L ";% r
b "C ... 5 P
* nK5&L t4 &
Translation: (Passing time with the beloved is like) a lofty garden full of vegetation caused by rain. It is
free from filth and footprints.
Explanation: !( "C;<
8
= O : It gave generously to it. H 2 T(: Cloud. 3H
K : Free, unrestricted. 3H 4 C%: Dig. The
poet has compared the digs full of water with silver coins.
Explanation: ' H 1= W
: Having a small head. ( = C z: Having fur. :( ;C Wj : Sleeves.
Ostrich is very sensitive and careful about its eggs. Quran has compared the women of Paradise with the
“Protected Eggs” i.e. M b SK2 G /
a "= T EPK E5BCC aV<(
( = Uk 8
K W
( C% := gK = <( . The reason for this comparison is that
women in the Paradise will be highly protected.
The poet has compared the ostrich with a slave wearing long-sleeve shirt of fur due to its long legs and
fur-like feathers.
JG-C GK 0* J2 = < ... := >( &C := C C ( j J T( MC SL-0 z N
Translation: When they (my tribe) was protecting themselves from heads of arrows and spears by me, I
was not coward. But the way in front of me became narrow (so I was unable to proceed).
Explanation: C
( j : Heads of arrows and spears. := >( &C := C: I was not coward. 0*: It became narrow.
The poet has used the word S-* which is commonly used in the Quran. In Arabic, it means taking care,
protecting oneself from anything due to its fear. When a person protects himself from bad deeds due to his
fear of God, it is called S-* in the Quran.
JGO K-C &C :C zN P( 0=4 z( ... K = (R& :C J(t= <( J= *(#
Translation: The are abusive for my fame and I do not abuse both of them. If they do not find me, they
take an oath for my blood.
Explanation: P
( 0=4 z( : Those who take religious oath that if they’ll become successful, they’ll sacrifice an
animal or do some other good deed. K-C &C :C: Both of them do not find me.
:( 1 #C% H $
= 5 ' ($ 4 F ... KgTC&
K * = -C ;C DC
C 1 0 M N
Translation: If both of them do so, then I have also left their father as the food of beasts, and every altair
& lion.
Explanation: 4 F : Food. H $
= 5: Altair. A bird which eats the flesh of dead bodies. The people of Prophet
Noah $ 3S; !";< used to worship an idol in shape of an altair. It is mentioned in the Quran. : ( 1 #C%:
Lion.
5SLW
K <( &C 3n U;-C GK ... !( "= ;< n C ( < 'C "Cl *
Translation: We have left our horses lined up against them while their reins were put around their necks.
Explanation: 3n U;-C GK : Placed around the neck. <( &C: Reins. 5SLW
K : Lined up. The word ";-* is deriving
from this word which means blind following. A blind follower follows his leader like an animal which
follows its master who has placed a collar around its neck.
"#L zN (
S"$T _
K ( 5 ... < ~
K > * G PK <( kK5
Translation: We shoot (arrows & spears) when people stand at a distance from us. When they come close
to us, we stab them with swords.
Explanation: > *: They stand at a distance. "#L: We are closed
"(;7
= "DC _
% I
K ;( 7
= 5 ... ns-R ( SC- ~
£K4 (T #
K 5
Translation: We crack the heads of that group intensely. We cut the necks and they become separate in
front of us.
Explanation: I K ;( 7
= 5: We cut. "(;7
= 0Q: They become separated in front of us. The -R 4 G is used to
describe the intensity.
!0(S-G h
Gjy G ... n04K 5K<( SK* 5OK *K
Translation: You threaten and menace us. Stop, for a while! When did were we the servants of your
mother?
Explanation: 5OK *K: You threaten us.
5K<( SK*: You menace us. n04K : Stop, for a while. 0(S-G: Servants.
The word 04 is also used in the Quran in the same meaning n=0 4K :
= K ; ( G= &C P 0(D( C2 ' DC .
5SK* C& : E$-C *K M &C 4K z( K5 ... Mb $
( /"(T 5(4 ;<
Translation: There are beautiful white women on our back. We fear that they will be divided or become
despicable.
Explanation: It was a common practice in the world to divide the beautiful women of enemy as slave
women after defeating their men. Islam gave respect to such women and declared them the wife of their
master. Certain arrangements were made to give manumission to such women. For example, all such
women were given the right to buy back their freedom. The State arranged funds for their manumission.
By giving birth to one child of their master, they used to become free.
0( K TCº !K C 7
( * ... 9a "t4 C Ck( eC ;C T zN
Translation: When a suckling baby of our tribe is weaned, mighty kings prostrate in front of him.
Explanation: Ck( : Weaning. 7
( *: They fall. K TCº : Mighty kings
This is an extreme way to be proud of one’s tribe.
y 1 !< _
K ,0 x5S P< ... 4= & T (O* MC S UM2D
Translation: Vicissitudes of time fall upon us but we are reckless mountains. Heavy clouds scatter (from
the peak of that mountain.)
Explanation: MC S : Vicissitudes of time. (O*: They fall. P<=4&: Reckless. x5S: Mountain. _
K ,0: It
scatters. y 1 : Heavy clouds. The poet has compared his tribe with a mountain which is not affected by
any calamity.
y 4 3L E
OH SCA ~
K &4 ... G 'L ( SK0 J(,K0 d"
Translation: The person who escapes from us cannot be safe even if he is on the top of a mountain or
hidden in a volcanic field.
Explanation: G 'L ( SK0: He escapes from us. OH SCA: Mountain. 3L E
: Volcanic field. y 4: Hiding
y <4( H g P( T PK 5 'g ... 4K ( K FC zN (GS% ?
( "2
Translation: (Have you borne) troubles like our nation, when Mundhir fought (and we fought along with
him). Are we shepherds for Ibn Hind?
Explanation: The poet says that we helped Mundhir in his wars as friends. We are the shepherds of the
kings of Heera. We have borne the troubles in friendship. In such wars, the tribe of A’mr Ibn Kalthum did
not fulfill their oath to the King Mundhir. Therefore, they were killed in punishment. The poet is making a
ridicule of his enemies.
y "-Rj !T C#* eb ;C T ^
( ... K G& P( 0OSjT :Kg D
Translation: (A’mr Ibn Hind) led them with two black things (i.e. water & dates). Allah’s decision is
implemented and culprits are harmed with it.
Explanation: eb ;C T: Implemented, fulfilled. C#*: He is harmed. y "-Rj : Culprits, criminals.
The word P0OS& indicates the hardship of that military expedition when they had to live on just two
things, water and dates.
Dear Reader!
In Arabic, like other languages, communications are Build Your Personality
used for delivering a message. The message has an Time is a scarce resource. Utilize it in
apparent purpose. Sometimes, a message has a purposeful activities.
hidden objective not described in words.
Normally descriptive sentences are used to inform the audience. Now, for instance, a person does not behave
well with his father. A sincere relative may tell him, ST& g (This is your father). The objective is not to
inform the person that the person under discussion is his father. He already knows it. The objective of this
communication is to draw his attention to change his behavior and treat his father well. Types and examples
for communications intended for a different purpose are as follows:
• 4K 9tSG Jt 9t: In Arabic, sometimes, past tense is used to describe an event of present or
future due to various reasons:
• To describe that the future event is confirm. For example, nsW
nsW
h
K ;C h
T4 Q (Your Lord will
come with angels [organized in] rows). Here, a future event i.e. the Day of Judgment is under
discussion. Past tense is used to describe that the event is beyond any doubts.
• To warn that the future event is about to come. For example, 3S; G% % (The prayer [i.e. the
people performing the prayer] stood for the prayer). This phrase is recited just before prayer that the
prayer is going to start.
• To describe a good fortune or optimism. For example, ( iC"E$(T Q P= G (C)G= &C K #
= < !K ;C DC ( $
(T Q P= G
;C ) G( UN( F,
= 0K CD
(Whoever will bring a good deed, he will be rewarded 10 times and whoever will
bring a bad deed, he will be rewarded equivalent to it). Here, a future event i.e. “if Allah shall like” is
described in past tense to describe the good fortune.
• Jt 9tSG 4 9t: On the contrary, sometimes, present / future tense is used to describe an
event of past due to following reasons:
• To describe something amazing to generate its picture in the mind of the audience. For example, !K U;
nT
K )(KDC
0 'C 4= &C (U
(Allah is the One Who sent the winds which caused movement of
clouds). Here, a past event i.e. “cause movement of clouds” is described in present these. The
objective is to draw a picture of clouds moved by the winds.
• To describe continuity of a verb in past. For example, := (1 C ( G= jQ P= G(
H )(C J(D := 2L 1K "(kK0 S= C (If he [the
prophet] was following you in most of cases, it had become a problem for you). Here the conditional
word S is used which is only used with the past tense. The objective is to describe the continuity of
the action.
• #56 9tSG 7 9t: Sometimes, descriptive style is used for persuasion due to following reasons:
• To describe good fortune, optimism or a good wish. For example, :; !";< ^ ;W (Blessings of
Allah and peace be upon him). The prayer for the Prophet is expressed in the words of a description.
Actually the sentence is !; !";< 'W :; (O Allah! Bless him and give peace to him).
• To express one’s strong desire for something or to motivate the audience . For example M &C JT4 $<
J(0( = 0 (I hope my Lord will guide me). There is a hidden prayer for guidance in it.
Quranic Arabic Program 411 Level 05
Lesson 16A: Use of Communication for a Different Purposes
• 7 9tSG #56 9t: Sometimes, persuasive style is used to describe something due to following
reasons:
• To draw specific attention towards something. For example, := 2L g SKK SK"(%&C
($= -( (T JT4 G &C ' %L
P 0 !K C V
( ;( 7
= GK pK SK<O= H (,$
= G 'L = <(
(Say! “My Lord has ordered to for justice, for
establishing your faces near each Mosque [for prayer] and for calling Him with a religious
sincerity.) Here the words pK SK<O= and SK"(%&C are used to draw the specific attention of the audience.
Otherwise, the same meaning can be described in the way = <( := 2L g SKK G%N
($
= -( (T JT4 G &C ' %L
< H ,
($
= G 'L .
• To show the equivalency of two options. For example, : = 2L = G( 'C E-C 0K P= C ng=C = &C n<=SAC SL-( 5C& ' %L (Tell
them! Whether you spent [in Allah’s way] willingly or by force, it will not be accepted.) Here
persuasive style is not to convince the unbelievers on spending in Allah’s way. The objective is
to describe that whether they spend willingly or by force, it is unacceptable without believing in
Allah.
• 46 -G ± 4K t6 : Sometimes, pronouns are used instead of name of a person under discussion. The
objective is to hide his personality. It also indicates that the person under discussion has captured the
mind of the speaker. Sometimes, a pronoun is used before the name in order emphasize on the person. For
example
& ^ Sg (That Allah is One).
• 4t6 -G ± 46 : Sometimes, a noun is used instead of pronoun to emphasize on the person under
discussion or to motivate the audience. For example, Allah said in the Quran, O *K M &C := L K GK B 0 ! U; UMN(
;( g= &C CN( 8
( 5GjQ (Surely, Allah instructs you to return the trusts to their right owners). Instead of a
pronoun, Allah has used His name to emphasize that the instruction is from Allah, so people should
follow it.
•
41 'g,*: Sometimes, a known thing is described as “unknown” to express emotions like
astonishment, praise, pride, ridicule or regret. For example, Allah describes the punishment of the Hell as,
MC K( = *K := K5=&C = &C Cg a
=$
( DC &C (Is this a magic or you do not see?) The question will not be asked to get
information from the people about the punishment. The objective is to express a ridicule on their
condition.
• :"(2.
C _S;&: Sometimes, in response to a question, the answer is not provided. Instead of that answer,
something else is described to express that the question is so stupid that its answer should not be provided.
The expressed thing is more important than answering that question. For example, M &C _
( 2( 'L g= &C h
LBC$
= 0
h
(zC P= G( &C SGK SLBC = -C DC ( E$ P= G( nT( := ( "= ;C < qC F*K (People of Book ask you whether a book will be
brought down on them? They have asked Moses [a miracle] bigger than this.) Here the answer of their
question is not provided to show that their question is stupid. Allah has passed a comment on their
attitude with Prophet Moses $ 3S; !";<.
Test Yourself
Translate the following passages of the Quran. Identify the type of communication used for a different
purpose. Read the context, if something is not clear.
(11:12) h
a ;C G !K 1 G Q = &C Fa = C !( "= ;C < qC F( 5L& =SC
Dear Reader!
Build Your Personality
In this lesson, we shall study a writing of a famous Indian
Scholar who spent his life in understanding the Quran. This The intuitive mind is a sacred gift and
writing describes the eloquence of the Quran. the rational mind is a faithful servant.
Abstract
a 4( SKW Parallel SK (W Way of expression,
plural of _S;&. I
( "&
Bundling (with other
words_
( F
Material, concrete
a O( G Separately 3
;<
M- I"&
'L WS ML -( D (1)
& P( "= ; ¥ J(,G M -D .'H -$G 'H DC ± ?
k1 5 1? ( kC 1 PG :<& MC (- sM& ::;<
C G G D HM1G ;< 'b O !"D .?
( k1 ( "= T & ?
( k1T M ¥ S (P"= ;C G P( "= S%
.
K ,
E# :K ,
= E MH $
= K = E# :o1* q% .Js;L 1G ± P( "= 0- K R :D
K T( K -C d
d
K # & .3b E1 GK 3b E7$ GK (5(S ;< UqO H ; G P( "= ;K, 9( tS(DC (55:5-6) .M( , K$ = 0
± D Kg E7 :H
* (5S ;< b O hz ± HS;1G 4H % ;< M0,* K -
.8 ( Oº :( C< PG !(*0 PK "T& Kg !(*SL2;C G w
( 1 M , K $0 !(0O( S<
^ K $ M( S" P( "= C1 sM& ;< ! E5 ´( 1 g O SK,K C zC (T (8 :C< z :L
}
( 4= jQ J(D P= G 8 ( S E$ J(D P= G !K C K , K$ = 0 ! U; UM&C * := C&C :MC - !T EW .o1*
!( "= ;C < E
a )(C ~ ( E P= G( a )(C _ E K , E# qL ,
( K SK, K -C d
K = E#
(22:18) ._ K C1
FK 0F1 ” & “4a ( -KG Fa 0F<” :o1* !S- .2 x"(* x"(tS* >æ P( "= 0- (
& ML S :G
.“( C-(5 Lz Fa 0(F< ” & “4K E,
(1) It means joining two or more words or sentences. Joining sentences (i.e. bringing them together) gives
a specific sense whose details are mentioned here.
(2) Sometimes, two words are brought together to indicate more clarity and emphasis. For example: F0F<
and 4-G have similar meaning but bringing them together adds more emphasis on “power”.
FK 0F1 ” “:K "
FK 0F1 ” “4U FK 0F1 ” :o1* !S- .1P( "= ;C T-G P( 0G& ?K # :G
.“:K ";1 FK 0F1 ” “:K "2.
PK E"0 .“F0F1 ” òT :( ";1 :( "2. :( "
4( s H W> H T ( ;7f 8 ( M( % ±
4a S K g .J; ( G& * =
: ;1 C 2. sM{D .J;L ( G& * C C ;( 7f pg sM&
P(G L 2. 3( 4 L- PG 'L 1 (:;1 P(G C 2. sM{D .8 ( ( "5(
;< h T a "(<
H < 1G * b ;> O ( g( I K $
C ;7f 8
( sM& .34L- P(G 3L EF1( ( =
p( 3b "= ) b ;C )(G& 3( - 3( 4S ( >( & ± .8
( 1G * '>* s; 8 h2D
.'( (
H SG J(D 9K ,* 'L >K * 5N 'T H/1T PG (1T F( 0(* < K"5 d" ( "5
ST O f
.!(1t( SG J(D ¦
b S$G Sg OSKS q( C oN * 5{D < Js;L
(_k(7
K S*) 8
K ( _
K Ck7
( D (2)
TKD .I
( AC 7 I
( A( 7 P( "= "(1* ± x"= ) y ;1 ? ;C > % .8
( E( K P(G g C D1G sMN
.p( O( T( PK 5 G PH "* C ;()G& K -C 5K q( SWj ( z 'L C% ."N 9K ( 0 q( SW& P(G
J( !T O f M& P 0$f ( G< oN 4K O( *K b3g b 0(%C gK $" H
oN _
K kl Q zN
:_
kl sM& Gj L -"-
.:"< BHk> ;< :KgOK 4S 0K g .$ !";<
& :KEG< GN .~ !T OK f 5N :K5$ :KGK GN !(5S r
L "
PG J( oN !K S0 T4 &
.~ oN ( -"-. ± _klD :G b A
.¢-( $KG ~ oN !K S 0K T4 _
(1) Sometimes, bringing two words or sentences indicates comparison of two opposite things. For
example F0F1 (Powerful) is brought with 4 (Forgiver) to indicate Allah’s mercy along with His power.
It indicates the Divine Balance and Perfection in God’s attributes. Same is the case with other example.
It takes them to :KgOK 4S 0K Perfection of God’s
Attributes
OSKS q( C Holistic, entire, complete J;L
Their spokesperson /
representative
:K5$ Regarding O( W
Differentiation F( 0(*
' %L .
S gK h
GK S= %C !( T( _
UC :15j 34S ± o1* !S% D :;)GjT K K"D qj GBD
J( Sg K
S I K AC 7f D (6:66-67) .MC SK;C 1= *
S= ¡-C $
= GK {H5 '2L ( .'H "(S T( := 2L "= ;C <
K $
= C
.:; !";< ^ ;W
*(0 J(D MC SKtSK70 P 0(U 0=&C4 CzN( .L Gj !(G OK f
S ICA7fT hz 1T Å
9 G 1= T = 1K - * CD ML Ck"= E# h
E"$
( K0 EGN( p( ( "= C r
H 0(
J(D SKtSK70 E
:= K = < }
= ( <= BCDC
:< St K ( <D SKt> z{D ^ 8 ( 0T :gKUC * M& :2";< 5N & (6:68) .V ( (U ( S= -C
....} K <6 K "= :P0G& :KG F D
. a ( T MC SL; 1= * T( !K E5N( =S k * h 1 G _
* P= G 8 = G( &L C := -( = CD :o1* !S% G
:= %( &C .MC K K* E:L Q "(= &C P= G( !( U; M( KO P= (G := 2L C G 4K E := 2L E$ DC SK;C C P 0(U CN( SKC = *
.P 0(( U;( z( h (zC 8 ( Ci"E$ P = g( 0K 8
( $
UMN( '( "= U; P= G( nC+K 4( E J(D CA 3C E
;W J( k ST Gj -"-
± L Gj ~ K !T IA( SK> “ =S k * ” :!S-D (11:112 to 114)
.:; !";< ^
.J( ( kC ( "= PG ~ ( oN !a SG Sg (
S oN MS20 _ kl sM& Sg :J(5) G&
!S% hz ;)G& PG ...8 0A ;< !(Tk> 'C % & J(T _ ( kl 1T hz L",0 T4
= &C gK K
&C 2( = <( EP ;L = 0 EGN( n5$
= N( P( 0= ( S(T pK E0N( UN( KK1= * U&C h T4 %C :o1*
P= G( q K C / = ( >= .nµ(C n S= %C K C ' %L gK = = *
&L K C ' -L * CD gK (
(17:23-24) . n(W J(5"ET4 C K =
4= _E4 ' %L (
= E
OK f 9( , ( " T >L& (
S ( " T 3n E D P="Tk> P "= T 9 8
a 0 @
( "$ ( g ±
:C :; !";< ^ ;W J( M{D (D1f 5O& ! PG ;< C70 (G g .SK1K G
O( G ;< 9a A% 'b "O "D d" G 80| PG P2 .M( $
6T I K AC 7K0
P "= E"
pK P= 20
.'( 0B P$
( D1G 2 I("& ;< ( A6 P(G J(*B0 : ( =" ( S1
8 :_
( kl
( S* P(G
IA7K0 n (R x"0 K ( ;"D .n UD }4j 'C g& I(A7K0 x0 x"k> % M- M
:L “ := ( "= CN( J(
SK5 n 4( UN( h ;( = %C P= G( ; 4= &C G ” :o1* q% .M- ± a "= ) g . z g
:q% J( oN C Å .“MC SK;C 1= * := K= L M N( ( 'C g= &C SLBC=CD” :q% ~ oN
16: 43-) “M C KU2C 0 := K U;1 C := ( "= CN( qC F5K G ~ ( E;( P "K( h
"= CN( F 5C& ( TKF 8
( "(T”
.....(44
8 SD
pK 5 G1 !K* D PG ._
( 1 × 2g x =") M- × 8 M& ::;< (&)
»N ,!T ' G Sg G oN ;0 3n ) &x4SG& 0 p(; * !(; PG MC $56 M{D .9(G$
pKOSKK '0F0 8 4K ){D .!K *O < 0 !"D
K 0 hz !(
!( t
( !"N ;0
;< 8O ! hz 1T Å .8 PG x<S5 N d" 2 M{D (2 (; p10
:1T 4SG&
!S% )G .I ( ( "W 1T I AC > zN I ( ;- (D 9 %C & !C;1,"( 1"1 4K
N :D
4K C 5 =S-C E* P 0(U J,5K E:L .n" ( - G n=
h T4 C;< MC C gOK 4( UN( := 2L =G( M N( ” :o1*
:hz '% q% M2f :g M$56 K z g sM{D (19:71-72) “.n")(( "(D V ( (U
:= C 'L = %C P= G( pK - ;C > E5&C ML $5(6 K L 0 &C .n"
K >= &L
4( 6 N IK AC 7K0 .hz 9$0 ICA7f M& ;< hz q K 0 ._ ( kl 3R( :G
(10:91).“P 0($
( K P= G(
= L 'L = %C
"= < = %C MC | C&” :o1* !S% ± .3( #
3R 3( N hz G xt
I ( '1, D .4H T ± I";- _W& J( IA>
._kl
.!< xt <N ! x"= * 9( G$ P< !( S
K W :G
!T I
AC > ; hz PG x"B* R& "= " :g(& oN K 0# _
( kl
W :G
.}
( v V1G$ ± !;>O& T4 .!G 9%S0 D :; !";< ^ ;W J (
3( 4S q& ± Q G hz PG .C "g 2 & 4 25j !G 9%S0 P(T /01 :G
'( A ;< :g4 WN ± P 0( K 4 2 :(%5 ( z ± O S" I
K A7K0 :;D .3( -
..
( St 1T
: SD h .I
H AC 7KG oN I
H A( 7KG P(G 8 8 PG (_)
=") * IA7K0 Å .ICA7f ( F=G 1D x"* ( f ± I ( T K 2 ³0 TD
.( (* 34S ± * 2g .J( ( G ± H "= gK+ P( T I
( 1C 3C " % L5& ._ ( 1 `
( ( G ±
_%& ( "(T z{CD . (t
Å x f 1T <T *0 (<K ;< K 2 C'R z{D
... .9( G$ :;2f PG " W>N "1*
M C .I 3( R ;< H O R& !"D _
K kl ("T 'L & I
K $5&
K "TS K F
:1pS ;< !T *0 9G$ !< K U0 (G K F
.ETS K ! TR PG H % ( T !"N 4K #K0 T4
.p=" !T IA7K0 TD
.<º !T IA7K0 T4
(1) Scolding may have three possibilities: (a) Addressing a person but the scold is directed towards
another person. (b) A person is scolded indirectly by describing a situation negatively that is similar to one
being scolded. (c) A group is scolded together but it is addressed as a single person. It indicates that each
member of that group is being scolded separately.
Easier to associate I
K $5& Scolding
K "TS Expressing smallness /
humiliation
x"= *
K C
D (3)
Face the Challenge! Identify three examples from Quran for each of
the categories mentioned in this lesson for "TS* + . Also read the
context of verses mentioned in this lesson.
} M{D .9K G( $ !G K CBC0 !(5KT K 2 :K K0 G qL S .q( S- P< q( SKL ¦ L -N hz
9 ( $f sM& zN .'-& K 1 T& 'gz& P0g ;< O + ;2D .="(B D6 N d" r ( 0(. PG
."D
Detailed I
( $KG Puzzling 'gz& Deletion, omission ¦
L -N
Fool K
= & Intelligence ( %S* Unnecessary q( SKL
Temper, nature 0,( Thrown out !K E,G It affects K CBC0
(
.3( O 0F ±
PG b O 3b D _
H S;& '( 2 M{D ,";<
( . 9K % SG
(1) The author has described five reasons for not properly understanding the style of omission: (a) It’s
difficult for Non-Arabs to understand an alien language like Arabic or Hebrew in which figurative
language is common. (b) Various letters in a word are deleted. (c) It is hard to identify links among words
e.g. F""ó DtN etc. (d) Arabs summarize their communication by omitting well-understood parts of a
sentence like :$- _ S ¦R _ S. (e) Arabs omit various well-known details while describing a story.
± a "= ) g .“'L 10 MC C” 9( tSG ± “'L 10” 'L )G (4fT I ( UK J(tf
K
:D
K K1= 0 [] C UN( MC KK1= 0 G ( Kg K K1= 0 EG( H 0= G( J(D P= 2L * CD” :o1* q% ._ ( 1
; 4= &C := C ” :
>F 34S ± o1* q% .“:g£T 10 M ” & .(11:109) “:= gK £K T
M G” & .(43:6-7) “MSLF( = $ = 0 !( T( SK5C UN( J(5 P= G( := ( "(*B 0 [] G .V (EjQ J(D J(5 P= G(
J(D J(= A( 7*K "(
= ("K<= BCT( h ; L 9= W
= ” :OSg 34S ± o1* !S% !;)G .“:"*B0
& .“!K = G( K7 ( !( G( S= %C P= G( Bb;C G !( "= ;C < EG U;L h ; L 9K = 0 [] .MC SL% = GK := K E5N( SK;C C P 0(U
8
SL2;C G : "(g T=N( (5K h (C C ” :15j 34S ± o1* !S% !;)G .“h; 9 0 '1”
.“$ !";< :"g TN 5 ” & “} ( 4= jQ 8 ( S E$
:<# q% .I ( AC 7f :( D ;< xO< H!T#G 'H 1D 1T '1
:G
4 E yES* P 0(U ” :o1* q% .“MC S"1 P ; C ” & “5SK"1K [] I ( S P , = + ”
}( 4= jQ J(D C-&C ” :o1* q% 0& .“M=06 7* ” & (59:9)“:= ( ;( = %C P= G( MC 0=6( []
:o1* q% 0& .“ x4=5& "D &” & (16:15) “ n KK n45=&C [] := 2L T( "(* M &C J ( 4
.“P0 ST S$
” & (4:36) .“n5$
= N( P( 0= ( S(T [] ni="R !( T( SL( # = *K ! U; KK<= ”
[] $ L 5=&C [] := L Q $5( [] 5Q $5( [] := L Q T=&C [] 5Q T=&C
K = 5” :o1* q% 0&
K
K 5 := L Q $5( :5& 5Q $5( PÕ := L Q T=&C :5& 5Q T=&C
K = 5” & “' ( = 5 E:L := 2L $ L 5=&C
.hz (3:61)“' ( = 5 E:L := 2L $ L 5=&C :5& $
L 5=&C
:o1* q% )& '" z < =") g GF 34S 5& : Fº
:G
(4:127) .“n"(;<
!( T( MC C ! U; UM{(DC H "= > P= G( SL;1 * G ”
The author has described different situations where a word is omitted. (a) The verbs Ô S>& M are used
with 4G '1D. In such case, the word M etc. are omitted. (b) If a verb is perceptible, it is omitted. (c)
While describing a condition, the result of that condition is omitted. In above mentioned example: It
means “Whatever good you’ll do, surely Allah knows it, then He will definitely reward for it.”
Face the Challenge! It is your assignment to search for more examples in Surat-uz-Zumur.
( S= 7 [] ( SK, []
'C 1 ” & (10:67)“[] n( = GK 4 E !( "(D SK2L $ = ( [] 'C "= U; := 2L C 'C 1 ” :o1* q% 0&
'C "= U; ; 1 ” :o1* q% 0& .“!"D SK n( = GK 4 E !( "(D SK2L $ = ( x;( KG 'C "= U; := 2L C
; 1 .x5S2 n( 'C "= U; ; 1 ” & (78:10-11)“.nR1G [] 4 E ; 1 .[] n(
...“.nR1G "(t 4 E
(1) If two things are compared and they have two elements. One element from each is described and its
opposite is omitted. Examples are obvious.
& “ ( w< P(G S q .... PG a "= > u K "1 ” :3F;
PT ( 4. qS% g PG
PG “( "gD ”
D .('( -1 9G) 2 ± u ( "1 PG a "= > ( K . L 9G (( "gD ±) u K "1
PT < q% .( "gD oN q( T 4R& å) ( FLº PG “'L -1 ” qj ( FLº
=4F i(G OH KT qº d" & “ OKT
0O4K M N :C;<D ...4( F i (T qL Cº d"” :_ 1G
.8 4= F(
0O4K M N :;<D
T PT M$
q( S- .4K º (
) !";< sq0 G 4K -C "KD .4K Cº !T s;10 G
K
:G
oN” .“-0 @
K K0 OH SA [] oN t4 .... !CS
~
( ( 6 'L :g” :!< ^ Jt4
.“!"N #G %” & “!"N [] %” _ g PG .“OSA oN 3b ($G” & “OSA
(T
=
G 9K = & [] ^ ” :T PT M$
q% .:$- _
( S 'C % “”
:G
Vµ K ;-D” :d"- G q% .“
G 9Ù& ” & .“( Í J( ;< K "2T N ...h
.“ <% T& ” & .“ËW& h0 J&4 SK1k% S ... x<% T& [] ^
... .“[] ...H #
= < qH "C ( ,
= C ” ±
K :G
3H C )&
K F( f I
K Uf ....H
C ± H E MH 1G !T K
( $"D .?
a "> : 2 sM& :G
.x$K
K &
pS PG 'L 1 :K ;1 'L $"D .8
( E";( 2L S0 : 2 M{D .:";1 'L "$* :G
oN MS<$"D .q( S- < - ?>& I ( ;- < P( $K J0T ('-1 < x"T !5S2
.!(;
*
!K *K0
= 2(
= &L _
a ( ” :o1* q% .'( " ; :g1( 0K -"D 'Wj 4( !5& :G
. SD ;< b O .“H "= (> :H "(2
” :o1* !S% ± .“H "= (> :H "(2
M K C P= G( 1
= ;C DL E:L
C70 C 2 ( j K z G (7)
“8( (E SL;( < SKG P 0(U ” )G .â C ( j T 1f ( -"-
;< L Sg
.“_
( Ck7 ( 'C = DC C 2 ( pK "= *” :$ !";< O O ( 15 ± o1* q% .=") g
.“MC SL-( K0 := gK % + 4 EG( 3E MC SK"(-0K I -( EK ; ( xgK ” :o1* q%
( "= (T MC SKG( = 0K P 0(U .V
( ;< r D .FC. ( F= 1; b 1G JD . ( 0K < _ K Jg .b A( T b W S- sM{D
UqO Ý P G PG P2 .AT W 0& Mµ6 g Å .OH SK#G K "= Sg Ý ML =06 !G 'L "KD
.!1tSG ± ¦ b S$G Sg K ( K0 J; 0 M& TKD .hz I $
'C;1CD . !";<
(1) This verse is an example of q=N. The rest of the Surah is its '" *.
(2) It means that hidden outcome of something is described in words in order to motivate the audience.
For example, good deeds are an impact of faith, so they are described in the first example. The power of
making good decisions is an outcome of ‘wisdom’. So it is described in the second example. Similarly,
believing without physically observing God, establishing prayer and spending in Allah’s way, all of them
are outcome of being a J-G.
W
zN & .q( -5 _T ± g5z .p< n SD MS20 f
PG hK E$0 !5j hz .E" "D !*(4SW oN 1f P< '( D( K T ?
K k( 70 i"
HIAC ê oN
.8
( _T ± 'L >0 g .!1T N 2 1G
(1) In a communication, two related sentences are described sometimes together and sometimes at a
distant. It is due to two reasons: (a) A word is omitted due to its perceptibility. (b) A sentence irrelevant to
the communication is added between the two sentences to describe something urgent. Such sentence is
called t1G ;K and this feature of the language is called } < . The prayer for the Prophet i.e. !";< ^ ;W
:; is an example of that. A person who does not understand these two reasons, may consider that the
communication is not organized. If a person understands the “central theme” OS< of that communication,
it will be easy for him/her to relate it.
Worth Reading
The Muslim and Christian Histories have some strange similarities. What are they?
http://www.mubashirnazir.org/PD/English/PE02-0013-Similarities.htm
p=" 1 ?
( k1 ± I
( "j
(
K D (2:76) “.V
-( EK I
( 0K ! U; UM{(DC C-E* p( ( = 1 T( CD= &C =PG C;T”
.q( SL ( z P< '( " ( (T
P( "= ;C ( EK P "= T 'L C G (15)
'( < q( >O{T 9( k- 1 t1f ( ( 2 ( F& PG > H F q( >O{T V; f VT 9K k-
P< 'L < K 1K = 0 "2 .;0SA xG-C GK n S1G
K SWSf M zN .(
( SWSf VT
9K C 0 h
T4 8
( 0 /K 1= T J(*B 0 S= 0” :o1* !S- :( 0=- _ ( & / ( 1( qL S1f %L % .'( 1
(6:151) .“ n="> 5(µN( J(D
= $
C = &C 'L = %C P= G(
= G P= 2L * := C 2 5KµN( n$5
q( qL 1 G (16)
:pS ;< q( . qL 1
= U;C DC ” :0 1# 3( 4S ± o1* !S% !G .!"N
Worth Reading:
Aurengzeb Alamgir was the last successful king of India. He felt a great problem
about his education system. Read more:
http://www.mubashirnazir.org/PD/English/PE05-0001-Aurengzeb.htm
Sg ¾> 1T( '( 1 J5 _T PG ( -"-. ± hz (, " ( ( PG '( 1 J5 :G
:= ;C DC ” :0& (8:17) “G4 ! U; EP2( C
"= G 4 z N(
"= G 4 G ” :)G .," !G O K0 M&
.“:= K ;C %C ! U; EP2( C := gK SL;K- *
( ± L) “( "(1 ; ( H UC T( d
"= C ! U; UM&C ” )G .( f ;< 'C > O zN J( L G :G
p S "R ;< d";D” :q% x0& .qH -T d " y f ” :d"- GN q% ._ ( 1
.“M F7(T
.“P 0(= GK SK5C G ” )G .'<D : M ;< '>O zN .'-$f ± J E:* :G
.“ SKG( = "K( SK5C DC ” :)G .“'1" M G” !;)G
@ SK$DL r
C DC 4 CD” :o1* !S% ± (+ Sº J5 x5"
& ( S%S J5 :G
( 'C 0(= * ” :o1* !S% !G .“®
O 4 & 1f g :( D K < .“!( U; ( ; 7 J(D qC (
?( 0* ;< &C D .S O 4 SG _ ( 1 M( $;(T '( º 9G O <O P(G x"= )
.4( 0 ´ r"
PG M-
(1) It means negating something because its reason is not true. For example: If an expert says about his
field: “I don’t know it.” It means that “it does not exist”. Had it existed, I would have known it.
F( 0(F1 !( U; ( = <( P= G( UN( K = E G ” :o1* q% .3 q ? ( WST J(*0 T4 :G
.“:a "(2
Fa 0(F< ! U; UMN( !( U; ( = <( P= G( UN( K = E G ” :!S-T pE$DC “:( "(2
(1) Here the word S is repeated to make the questions separate from P = 2( C := 2L = G( !( "= CN( _
K % &C PK
= 5 :t1G ;K
MC K( = *K . (2) As you are aware that qT is a word/phrase which explains the word/phrase coming before it.
That word/phrase is called !G qG. It is common in Arabic to use a qT instead of !G qG and vice versa.
For example, “Satans continue to work in Ramadan.” Actually they are tied in chains during Ramadan.
The word “Satans” in this sentence does not mean the real “Satan” but it means the “Satanic Attributes”.
Here, the !G qG is used instead of qT.
(3) There are various reasons for describing an attribute. It can be used to describe reason. In this verse,
the attributes of God are described as reason i.e. “There is no help but from Allah because Allah is
Powerful and Wise.”
.
( f PG ( S g (M"; J(*B0 T4 :G
'( 1 ( ;
Dear Reader!
The style of the Quran is a unique style in Arabic Build Your Personality
communications. According to the language experts, Understand the Quran and then teach its
the style of public speakers is the nearest to the meanings to others.
Quran.
As an orator changes the direction of his / her speech, in the same way, the Quran changes the direction of
the communication from first person to second, second to third and third to first. The objective of these
changes is to keep the audience attentive. Some examples are as follows:
• _kl o :;2 : First person is changed to second person. For example, !( "= CN( J(5 kC DC (U K K<= &C J( G
MC SK1 = *K (What happened to me that I do not worship the One Who has created me and towards Him you
will be returned). Initially, the communication is started as “I”. Then it is turned to the second person
“you will be returned”.
• " o :;2 : First person is changed to third person. For example, =
5= h
T ( ' DC . CS= 2C "= kC <= &C E5N(
(We have provided you with a lot of blessings, so you should perform prayer and sacrifice for your Lord).
Initially, the communication is started as “We (Allah)”. Then it is turned to the third person “Lord”.
• :;2 o _kl : Second person is changed to first person. For example, UMN( !( "= CN( SKTSK* E:L := 2L ET4 K( = =
Oa KO :a "(
4 JT4 (Seek forgiveness from your Lord and turn towards Him in repentance. Surely my Lord is
Eternally Merciful and Affectionate). Initially, the communication is started as “your Lord”. Then it is
turned to the first person “my Lord”.
• " o _kl : Second person is changed to third person. For example, I 0=4 H S= "( ~
( E 9K G( h
E5N( ET4
O 1"( ?
K ;( 7
= 0K ! U; UMN( !( "(D (O our Lord! Surely You shall be gathering people on the day which is beyond
any doubts. Verily Allah does not break His promise). Initially, the communication is started as “O our
Lord”. Then it is turned to the third person “Allah does not …”.
• :;2 o " : Third person is changed to first person. For example, = 0 P "= T n=#TK
0 'C 4= &C (U S gK
n4SKAC G ( E$ P= G( F 5C& !( (
= 4 (He is the One Who sent winds as herald [of My Mercy]. Its blessings
are in My hands. We sent down pure water from the sky). Initially, the communication is started as “He”.
Then it is turned to the first person “We”.
• _k7 o " : Third person is changed to second person. For example, 'C "( = N( J(T @
C)"(G 5 > &C z N(
! U; UN( MC KK1= * (When We took a covenant from Israelites, “You don’t worship any one except Allah.”).
Initially, the communication is started as “Israelites” as third person. Then they are turned to the second
person “You don’t worship …”
Test Yourself
Translate the following passages of the Quran. Describe the type of communication changes in each of
these passage. Read the context, if something is not clear.
Dear Reader!
Build Your Personality
In this lesson, we shall continue our study of the Holy Quran.
The Surahs mentioned in the Lesson 17B & 18B are structured A room without books is like a
in a way that they give a complete message. It is your body without a soul.
assignment to discover the structure of this part of the Quran.
Coats of armor 8
H T( Join him in singing !K 1 G J(T&C It is away from Him !K = < _
K FK 1= 0
Iron circles that link each
other in a coat of armor
O( = E$ We made it soft for him !K C EC&C You are torn into
pieces
:= K% FGK
P "= T 'L 1= 0 P= G P, ( P G( ۖ ( k -( P "= < !K C ; &C ۖ a = R
K 4 a = R gK L ` 0 MC "= ;C $
K (
P= G( y #0 G !K C MC SL; 1= 0 . ( 1( E$ _ ( C< P= G( !K % ( 5K 5( G= &C P= < := K = G( ² F( 0 P= G ۖ !( T4 M( z {(T( !( 0= 0
O( <( P= G( 'b "(;%C ۚ x2 RK O K O qC SL; <= ۚ 8 H "( 4 4H K%L _ ( S, C MH C( 'C "(* I 0(4G
E> E;C DC ۖ !K *BC$ = G( 'L L B * }
( 4= BC L ET O UN( !( *(S= G ;C < := K UO G 8 S= !( "= ;C < "=
%C E;C DC .4K SL2E#
.V( ( K _ ( C1 J(D SL)(C G I "= MC SK;C 1= 0 SK5C S= C M &C P, ( ( E"*
ۚ !K C K2L R= := 2L T4 @ ( += 4( P= G( SL;L ۖ qH R( V H ( 0 P= < M( E ۖ b 0 := ( (2C $ = G J(D 1 {H$ ( MC C = -C C
'H L &L J= * zC P( "= E := ( "= E,
T( := gK ET ( ( 1 'C "= := ( "= ;C < ; 4= BCDC SKt <= BCDC .4a SLC ¡_4 b "AC 3b ; T
; 1 .4 SL2C UN( (+,5K ' g ۖ KC C T( := gK 0=F h (zC .'H "(;%C 4H = ( P= G( H J= R 'H &C
H = >
xGE0&C J ("C "(D K( ۖ "= E$ "(D 54= E%C 3n g( C x%L "(D 4 T J(U -L P "= T := K "= T
UMN( ۚ @ H EF GK U'L := gK % EFG rC 0(O
&C := gK ; 1 ,DC := K $ L 5=&C SK;C C 54( C= &C P "= T = <( T ET4 SLC-DC .V
(G(
2 .4 H SL2R 4H EW '2L ( 8 H 0C h
(zC J(D
UN( MH Ck; K P= G( := ( "= ;C < !K C MC C G .V
(G( = K P G( n-0(DC UN( pK SK1E*CD !K EC d
K "(;T=N( := ( "= ;C < @
EW = -C C
.°
b "(
H J= R 'L ;C < h T4 ۗ hR J(D = G( S gK P= EG( 3( >( (T PK G( = 0K P= G : ;C 1= (
G }
( 4= BC J(D C 8 ( E$ J(D 3H E4zC qC C-) G( MC SL2;( = 0 C ۖ !( U; M( KO P= G( := K= < + P 0(U SK<O= '( %L
FDL CzN( E
ۚ !K C MC z( &C P= ( UN( pK = <( L < CE# 9K C= * C .H ( C P= G( := K = G( !K C G H = R( P= G( ( "(D := K C
. K (2C J;( 1 S gK ۖ E
SLC% ۖ := 2L T4 qC C% CzG SLC% := ( T(SL;%L P= <
(1) Sheba was a great empire in the Southern part of the Arabian Peninsula. It perished in 6th century CE.
(2) This sentence describes the lesson of the stories of David, Solomon and Sheba.
Do you know? The scientific development started at the time of Prophet David continued during the
period of his son Prophet Solomon $ 3S; ";<. Air was controlled, copper resources were exploited,
the art of construction reached at its height etc.
.V
H (GK qH C;t
J(D = &C xgK ;C 1 C := L E0N( = &C E5N( ۖ !K U; '( %L ۖ (}4= BC 8
( E$ P G( := 2L %L +K = 0 P= G '%L
.MC SL; 1= * E< qL BC$
= 5K C G= = &C E< MC SLBC$
= *K C ' %L
.:K "(;1
K EC S gK
(T "= T `
K 0 E:L T4 "= T K9 ,
= 0 ' %L
.:K "(2
FK 0(F1 !K U; S gK ' T ۚ U;C ۖ Q C RK !( T( := K-
&C P 0(U J 5(K4&C ' L%
K <= S Cg G MC SLSL-0 .MC SK;C 1= 0 C ~
( E )C &C EP2( C x 0(5 x# ( T ~ ( E;( n UDC UN( ; =4&C G
.MC SKG( - $
= * C n < !K = < MC K>( B $
= * C H S= 0 OK 1"(G := 2L C ' %L .V
%( O( W := K= L M N(
MC SLDSL%S= G MC SK(U z( N( * S= C ۗ !( 0= 0 P "= T (U(T C M( =-L C T( P G( = 5K P= C KC C P 0(U qC C%
E2L C := K5=&C CS= C K2 = P 0(U;( SL1(
= K= P 0(U qL S-L 0 qC S= -C /
H 1= T CN( := K
K 1= T 9K ( = 0 := ( T4 = <(
.V (G( = GK
:= K= L ' T ۖ := L Q z N( 1= T K P( < := L 5O= W
PK
= 5&C SL1(
= K= P 0(U;( K2 = P 0(U qC C%
.V
G( ( ,
= GK
'C 1 ,
= 5 !( U;T( L 2 5 M &C 5KGK B * z N( 4( E '( "= U; K 2 G ' T K2 = P 0(U;( SL1( = K= P 0(U qC C%
MC = F ,
= 0K ' g ۚ KC C P 0(U @ ( <= &C J(D qC C; BC ; 1 _ C1 K&C4 EC C G E &C ۚ xO 5=&C !K C
.MC KD( C !( T( := K; ( 4= &L T( E5N( gSLD = GK qC C% UN( H 0(5 P= G( H 0= %C J(D ; 4= &C G CMSL; 1= 0 SK5C G UN(
.V T(U1 K T( PK
= 5 G 1 xOC= &C n SG= &C K )C &C PK
= 5 SLC%
C := 2L L SG= &C G .MC SK;C 1= 0 C ~ ( E )C &C EP2( C 4K ( - 0 y #0 P= ( @
+=
L$K = 0 JT4 UMN( ' %L
T( ?
( 1= y F := K C h i(CLBDC x(W 'C ( < P G P= G UN( C +K 5 = <( := 2L TK-C *K J(U(T := LOK C= &C
_
( C1 J(D h i(CL& P 0(F( 1GK *(0 J(D MC S= 1 $ = 0 P 0(U .MC SKG( 8 ( CDK K J(D := gK SL;( <
.MC K = GK
(1) This is the real reason for their arrogance. They think that since we are blessed with wealth and manpower in this
life, therefore, we’ll be blessed with the same in the Hereafter. They should get lesson from the story of Prophet
David & Solomon $ 3S; ";<.
S gK ۖ !K L ;( 7
= 0K S K DC H J= R P= G( := K- C 5=&C G ۚ !K C 4K ( - 0 p( O( <( P= G( y #0 P= ( @
+=
L$ K = 0 JT4 UMN( ' %L
SLC% .MC KK1= 0 SK5C := L E0N( ( CK g &C ( 2C (C; ; ( qL SL-0 E:L x1"( := gK K K# = 0 S= 0 .V %( +( E K "= >
hK ;( = 0 C S= "CD .MC SKG( = GK := ( T( := gK K )C &C ۖ EP, ( MC KK1= 0 SK5C ' T ۖ := ( 5(KO P= G( "( 5=&C h 5= K
.MC STK2C *K T( := K= L J(U 4( E _ C< SL%Lz SK;C C P 0(U;( qL SL-5 t C x1 5 /
H 1= ( := 2L
K 1= T
:= L £K T K K1= 0 MC C E< := L EK 0 M &C K 0(0K 'b K 4 UN( Cg G SLC% 8 H "T *K0 := ( "= ;C < ;C = *K CzN(
G .V a (GK a = ( UN( C g M N( := gK Q EC ; ( KC C P 0(U qC C% ۚ x GK h a D N( UN( Cg G SLC%
SK;C T G := ( ;( = %C P= G( P 0(U _
UC .H 0(5 P= G( h ;C = %C := ( "= CN( ; 4= &C G ۖ 5SK4K = 0 I
H KL P= G( := gK "= *
.
( 2( 5 MC C ? "= 2C DC ۖ J(;K 4K SKTU2C DC := gK "= * G 4 #1= G(
M N( ۚ H E( P= G( := 2L (
( T( G ۚ 1 KU2C * E:L O DL ) G !( U;( SKGSL-* M &C ۖ 3H
( ST( := 2L L <( &C E5N( ' %L
.H 0(R _ H C< = 0 P "= T := 2L C a 0(5 UN( S gK
.a "(R H J= R 'L ;C < S gK ۖ !( U; C;< UN( 2
( = &C M N( ۖ := 2L C S K DC H = &C P= G( := 2L KBC G ' %L
.4 _
( SK"K K U;< 3
(T
Obtaining w
K K E Single O DL One tenth 4 #1= G(
Their group fellows (similar
infidels before them
:= ( <( "R= &C There is no escape 8
S= DC C Double ) G
ۚ $ GK 'H BC( (, = 0 '§ L -C d = E# E7 '( "= U; J(D 4 E ® K (SK0 4( E J(D 'C "= U; ® K (SK0
C := gK SK<= * M N( . H ( k %( P= G( MC SL2;( = 0 G !( 5(KO P= G( MC SK<= * P 0(U ۚ h K ; K !K C := 2L T4 !K U; :K 2L (zC
'L ) G( h iL0K C ۚ := 2L ( = # ( T( MC KL 2 0 ( G "-( S= 0 ۖ := 2L C SKT,= G SK1( S= C := L Q <KO SK1 $ = 0
H ; 7 T( 8
( B 0 := 2L = g( 0K B #
0 M N( .K "( J( S gK !K U; ۖ !( U; CN( y -C L :K K5=&C ~
K E 0&C 0 . H (>
' = 0K C ;( =
( CN( b ;C -C ) GK
K = * M N( ۚ >= &L 4 += ( 3b 4 +( 4K F( * C .FH 0(F1 T( !( U; C;< h (zC G .H 0(
UF * P= G ۚ 3C C;E SKGC%&C I ( "= (T := K ET4 MC S= #
7 = 0 P 0(U 4K ( = K* E5N( ۗ T= %L Cz MC C S= C ¥ J= R !K = G(
.K ( !( U; CN( ۚ !( $ ( ( UF 0 E5{(DC
1 (S$ = 0 G .4K K C ' C .4K S C 8 K ;L C . K ( <= BC (S$ = 0 G
.a 0(5 UN(
5=&C M N( .4( SK-L J(D P= G 9H ( $
= K T( 5=&C G ۖ y #0 P= G 9K ( $
= 0K ! U; UMN( ۚ 8 K SG= BC C y "
= BC
P 0(U _ UC = -C DC SKT2C 0K M N( .a 0(5 "(D C;> UN( H EG&L P= G( M N( ۚ x0(5 x# ( T (T ; 4= &C E5N(
? "= 2C DC ۖ KC C P 0(U 8 K > &C E:L . ( (K _( 2( (T ( TKF(T 8
( "(T := K ;L K 4K := K *=Q := ( ;( = %C P= G(
.( 2( 5 MC C
2 /
a "(T Oa K q( , ( P G( ۚ 5K S&C n;( 7
= GK 8
H C !( T( = >= BCDC G ( E$ P G( qC F 5=&C ! U; UM&C * := C&C
E5N( ۗ h
(C C !K 5K S&C ?
a ;( 7
= GK ( 15=BC _ E ~ ( E P G( .Oa SK I K "(T C 5K S&C ?a ;( 7= GK a =
K
.4a SLC Fa 0(F< ! U; UMN( ۗ y ;C 1K p( O( <( P= G( ! U; #7 = 0
P= C 3n 4 ,*( MC SK= 0 n "5(C;< ( := gK % + 4 EG( SL-C 5=&C 3C C;E SKGC%&C !( U; _ ( MC SL;= 0 P 0(U UMN(
_
( 2( P G( h "= CN( "=
= &C (U .4a SL2R 4a SLC !K E5N( ۚ !( ;( = DC P= G( := gK 0(F0 := gK 4 SK&L := K "DS "K( .4 SK*
P= G( "= C kC W
= P 0(U _ 2( 4 = &C E:L . a ( T a (7
C p( O( 1( T( ! U; UMN( ۗ !( 0= 0 P "= T ( n% GK S gK
'L = C S gK h (zC ۚ !( U; M( z {(T( 8( "= 7 (T a T( := K = G( a ( - GK := K = G( !( $ ( ( :a (C := K = ( DC ۖ 5O( <(
.
K (2C
(1) Different opposite things are compared with each other. It is an allegory to describe the attitude of believers and
unbelievers. (2) The mountains have white, red and black texture. Two words Oa SK I K "(T C with the same meaning
are used to describe the intensity of black color.
Black I
K "(T C Lines, texture Oa K The membrane inside a date
H ( k %(
SLC% .a 0(
"(D := K K ( ۖ xL= L I H g zC P= G( 4 ( &C P= G( "(D 1 MC S= U; 0K 5SL;>K = 0 MH = < 8K E
C !( ;(
= DC P= G( 2 ( G C-K 4 O U;
&C (U .4a SL2R 4a SL C ET4 UMN( ۖ MC F
E< I
g z &C (U !( U;( K =
._
a SKL "(D $ 0 C I a 5 "(D $0
h (C C ۚ T( C< P= G( := K = < ? K U7 0K C SK*SK"CD := ( "= ;C < - 0K C : E 4K 5 := K C KC C P 0(U
:= C &C ۚ 'L 1= 5 EL (U "= C x (W ' 1= 5 = ( >= &C ET4 "(D MC SK>( kC = 0 := gK .4H SLC U'L (F, = 5
.
H ( 5 P= G( V ( (U;( DC SL%LDC ۖ K 0(E :K L Q UC * P= G !( "(D K UC 0 G := L = 1 5K
J(D ? (C;> := 2L ;C 1 (U S gK .4( K 8 ( CT( :a "(;< !K E5N( ۚ } ( 4= BC 8 ( E$ I ( "= C :K (< ! U; UM(N
P 0(D( C2 K 0(F0 C ۖ x- G UN( := ( T4 = <( := gK K L P 0(D( C2 K 0(F0 C ۖ pK K L !( "= ;C 1 DC C C P= DC ۚ }
( 4= BC
. x4$> UN( := gK K L
J(D a = R( 3:= K C = &C (}4= BC P G( SL-;C > CzG J(5K4C& !( U; M( KO P= G( MC SK<= * P 0(U :K L Q C RK := K=0&C4 &C ' %L
. 4x KL UN( x1= T := K K 1= T MC SK(U K 1( 0 M N( ' T ۚ K!= G( H "T ;C < := K DC xT( := gK "= * = &C (8 E$
MC C !K E5N( ۚ p( ( 1= T P= G( H
&C P= G( K 2C $
G= &C M N( C + P= i(C ۚ CKF* M &C }
4= BC 8 ( E$ h K $ ( = 0K ! U; UMN(
. x4SLC x"(;
a 0(5 := gK Q E;C DC ۖ :( G BL
= N( P= G( g= &C EP5KSL2"C a 0( 5 := gK Q P= i(C := ( 5(0=&C = !( U;(T SK$ % &C
' DC 4!( ;( g= BCT( UN( L "E$ K 2 K "(0 C ۚ ( "E$ 2 G } ( 4= BC J(D x42 (= . x4SL5K UN( := gK O + G
:= C &C .n;0(S = * !( U; ( E$ K ( ,
( * P= C ۖ n;0(= * !( U; ( E$ K ( ,( * P= ;C DC V(EBC 5 EK UN( MC KL = 0
MC C G ۚ 3n ES%L := K = G( ER &C SK5C := ( ;( = %C P= G( P0(U L %( < MC C ? "= C KL = "DC }( 4= BC J(D K$ ( 0
~ E !K U; L >( 0K S= C . x0(%C x"(;< MC C !K E5N( ۚ } ( 4= BC J(D C 8 ( E$ J(D H J= R P= G( pK F , ( 1= "K( !K U;
UM{(DC := K ;L &C Q Cz{(DC ۖ $ GK 'H &C CN( := gK K > 0K P= 2( C H ET O P= G( g( = C ;C < * G SK$ C T(
. x( T p( O( 1( T( MC C ! U;
(1) Passive voice is used to indicate the special arrangement for the people of the Paradise. (2) It indicates the “place
of living forever”. (3) This is an example of 8 . (4) It means that “A conspiracy harms nobody except its
perpetrator.” (5) Some words are omitted due to their perceptibility. Full sentence is V
(EBC ± ^
EK UN(.
Silk a 0(
Bracelets 4 ( &C They’ll be adorned by MC S= U;
0K
0= C 9a "( EC '§ L M N( CMSK1( = 0 C := ("= CN( := K E5&C M( K-L P G( := K ;C = %C 2 ;C g= &C := C = 0 := C&C
.MC K
= GK
'H "(75 P= G( 8H E "(D ; 1 .MC SL;L B 0 !K = ( DC
= G( = >= &C g"= "
= &C L "= }
K 4= BC :K K C b 0
MC = K CMK2L #= 0 C;DC &C ۖ := ( 0(0=&C !K = ;C ( < G p( ( C P= G( SL;L B"( .M( SK"1K P G( "(D 5= E,DC _ H <= &C
.MC SK;C 1= 0 C EG( := ( $ ( L 5=&C P= G( }
K 4= BC
K (= *K E(G U;L 1 += BC ;C > (U
K 0(- * h (zC ۚ C -C $
= K ( (,
= * d
K = E# .MC SK;( GK := gK Cz{(DC 4 E !K = G( K ;C $
= 5 'L "= U; :K KC b 0
4( = *K M &C C J(= 0 d
K = E# C .¤( ( -C M( SK= 1K C O < E
qC +( G pK 54= E%C -C .:( "(;1 F( 0(F1
.MC SK$ = 0 hH ;C DC J(D '§ L ۚ 4( E K T( 'L "= U; C -C
B #
5 M N( .MC SKC = 0 G !( ;( ) G( P= G( := K C - ;C > .M( SK# = h( ; L J(D := K E04zL ;
E5&C := K C b 0
.VH
( CN( x<G EG( n
= 4 UN( .MC L-C = 0K := gK C := K C
0(W C;DC := K % (= 5K
8
( 0 P= G( H 0 P= G( := ( "(*B * G .MC SK
= *K := 2L U;1 C := 2L C ; > G := 2L 0(0=&C P "= T G SL-E* :K K C 'C "(% CzN(
SKG P 0(U;( KC C P 0(U qC C% !K U; :K 2L %C + 4 EG( SL-( 5=&C := K C 'C "(% CzN( .Vt ( ( 1= GK = < SK5C UN( := ( T4
.V H (GK qH C;t
J(D UN( := K5=&C M N( !K 1 A &C !K U; y #0 S= C P= G :K 1( k 5K&C
:= gK := gK L >K B * 3n
( n
"= W
UN( MC KL = 0 G .V %( O( W := K= L M N( K <= S Cg G MC SLSL-0
P G( := gK 2 Cz{(DC 4( S J(D ( 5K .MC S1K ( = 0 := ( ;( g= &C CN( C n "W
( S= * MC SK1"(k$ = 0 C;DC .MC SK 7 ( 0
@ W PK
= E < G Cg ۗ ۜ 5( %C = G P= G( )C1 T P= G ;C 0= 0 SLC% .MC SL;$ ( = 0 := ( T4 CN(
( = BC
d
a 5 :K ;C *K C 3 S= "CD .MC K = GK 0= C 9a "( := gK Cz{(DC 3n
( n "= W UN( = 5C M N( .MC SL; = K
.MC SL; 1= * := K= L G UN( MC = F ,= *K C ni"= R
(1) The word +& means couples. It is also used for ‘species’. (2) The word z{D is used to depict amazement. It
gives meaning of “wow, suddenly, amazingly” etc. The meaning will be: “The trumpet will be blown. Suddenly they
will come out from their grave and walk towards their Lord.” (3) This is depiction of the Day of Judgment as it is in
front of people. It indicates the inevitability of that Day when everyone will be evaluated justly.
Commendation n "W
( S= * Cry, One who help a
person in trouble
0(W
We pull out of it !K = G(
K ;C $
= 5
They will come out MC SL;$
( = 0 They debate with each
other
MC SK 7
( 0 A curved branch of a
date-palm tree
M( SK= 1K
Face the Challenge! In what circumstances, the Future Tense is used to describe an incident of past.
n ( n2 (&C CMKK1= * CzG !( G( S= %C !( "(TCB( qC C% z N( .:H "(; IH ; -C T( !K ET4 Q z N( .: "(g T={(C !( (1 "(R P= G( UMN(
=SUS DC .1 :a "(- J5N( qC C-DC .( SK, J(D 3n 5 C DC .V ( C1 _ T( := 2L C DC CMK0(*K !( U; MC KO
.V( ( "(T xT= t
:= ( "= ;C < ²
C DC CMSL-k( = * C := 2L C G CMSL;L B * C&C qC C-DC := ( ( ( CN( ² C DC .P 0(T(= GK !K = <
2 .M C SDF( 0 !( "= CN( SL;% BCDC
.MC SL; 1= * G := 2L -C ;C > !K U; CMSK
( = * G MC KK1= *&C qC C%
.V
;( C = BC :K gK ; 1 ,
DC x"= C !( T( KO 4CBDC .:( "(,
J(D pK SL-BCDC x5"= TK !K C SKT= SLC%
.V
( (E P G( J( I
= g _4 .P( 0(= " JT4 CN( I
a g( Cz J5N( qC C%
CzG = L 5=CD h K Tz &C J5&C ( J(D 4 &C J5N( EJTK 0 qC C% J 1= E$ !K 1 G eC ;C T E;C DC .:H "(;
H C;K T( pK 5= E#DC
.V( (, ; ( !K U;* ;C = &C E;C DC .P 0(T(E P G( !K U; Q R M N( J(5K , ( ۖ K G = *K G ' 1 D ( T&C 0 qC C% ۚ *
y C; S K C Cg UMN( .V ($( = K (F,= 5 h (C C E5N( ۚ 0£= % EW
= %C !!!:K "(g T=N( 0 M &C pK 0=O 5
.P 0(>( J(D !( "= ;C < * .:H "(< ` H T=( T( pK 0= DC .V
K (K
P G( "(5 @
= {(T( pK 5= E#T .V (G( = K 5O( <( P= G( !K E5N( .V
($ (= K (F, = 5 h (C C .: "(g T=N( ;C < a C;
.V
a (GK !( $( ( :a (C Pa $ ( = GK ( (E04zL P= G( ۚ @
= N( ;C < !( "= ;C < 4 T .V
( (E
:K gK SK5C2DC := gK 5= 5 .:( "(1 _ ( = 2C P G( K G S= %C gK "= E,5 .MC K4g SKG ;C < EG = -C C
J(D ( "= ;C < * .: "(-$ = K ¦ C gK 0= g .P "= ($ = K _
2( gK "= * .V ((
.V
(G( = K 5O( <( P= G( K E5N( .V
($
( = K (F, = 5 h (C C E5N( .MC K4g SKG ;C < a C; .P 0(>(
! U; V-( (7 P $
= &C MC K4C * 3 n;1= T MC SK<= *&C CMSL-E* C&C !( G( S= -C ( qC C% z N( .V
;( = K P ( C ~
"N( UMN(
J(D !( "= ;C < * .V ( ;C 7 = K !( U; O <( UN( .MC K
= K C := K E5{(DC pK SKTU2C DC .V (EBC :K 2L (T E_4 := 2L ET4
.V (G( = K 5O( <( P= G( !K E5N( .V
($( = K (F,
= 5 h (C C E5N( .4 P "= ( 0 q N( ;C < a C; .P 0(>(
(1) Some people have used fake narrations to distort the character of Prophet Abraham $ 3S; !";<. These verses
simply mean: “He looked at the stars to guess the time and said, I’m tired.” (2) Irrelevant details are omitted.
(3) Ba’al was a famous god. A city named h;1T (the city of Ba’al) is still available at Lebanon which contains an
archeological site of the temples of Ba’al. Prophet Elias $ 3S; !";< belonged to that city. (4) Plural in this way
include Prophet Elias and all of his followers.
He laid him down !K U;* You carve MC SK
( = * They hasten to MC SDF( 0
.P 0(> 5= EGO E:L .P 0(T( J(D x+SK,< UN( .V
1( = &C !K ;C g= &C pK "= E,5 z N( .V
;( = K P ( C nASL UMN(
CMSL;-( 1= * C;DC &C ۗ '( "= U;(T .V ( (= GK := ( "= ;C < MC K C := 2L E5N(
!K -C CD .V (
= K P G( MC C2DC : g $DC .M( SK# = h ( ; L CN( T&C z N( .V
;( = K P ( C 1 d 5KSK0 UMN(
( 1 (T pK 5 DC .MC SL)1 = 0K ( S= 0 CN( !( (k T J(D r
C (;C C .V ( $
K P G( MC C !K E5&C CS= ;C DC .:a "(;GK S gK 8 K SK
:= gK 1= E DC SKG CD .MC K0(F0 = &C ? H &C ( C(G CN( pK ; 4= &C .V H k( - 0 P= G( 3n ,
R !( "= ;C < = 5=&C .:a "(- S gK
.VH
( CN(
:= ( 2( D N( P= G( := K E5N( C&C CMKg( R := gK n5N( C 2C (C; - ;C > = &C CMSK :K K C 8
K h T (&C := (( = CD
C;DC &C CMSK2L = * ? "= C := 2L C G .V ( C;< 8 ( CkC W = &C .MC SKTz( C2C := K E5N( !K U; C CMSLSL-"C
.V %( O( W := K= L M N( := 2L T(2( T( SK*B DC aV(GK Mb Ck; K := 2L C = &C CMKUC *
.MC SL( 0 E< !( U; MC = K .MC K = K C := K E5N( L E,( ( ;( < = -C C ۚ x$
5 2 ( E,( P "= T !K "= T SL;1
G .:( "(, q( W S gK P= G UN( .V (*(CT( !( "= ;C < := K5=&C G .MC KK1= * G := 2L E5{(DC .V ( ;C 7 = K !( U; O <( UN(
UM&C S= C .MC SLSL-"C SK5C M N( .MC SK$ K PK = C E5N( .MC SDE PK = C E5N( .a SL;1= G a C-G !K C UN( EG(
= -C = -C C .MC SK;C 1= 0
S= $
DC ۖ !( T( KC 2C DC .V ( ;C 7 = K !( U; O <( E2L C .V (EBC P G( x z( 5 = <(
.MC SK( :K K C 5 = K UMN( .MC K4SK = :K K C := K E5N( .V ;( = K 5O( 1( ( K ;( C
:= ( (
$T( qC F 5 Cz{(DC CMSL;,
( 1= $
= 0 (T C1 (DC &C .MC K( = 0K
Pumpkin V
H k( - 0 So it swallowed him !K -C CD One who is thrown /
(
= K
Those who deviate V
(*(CD Fish, a whale 8
K SK Open space ( 1
Cg ۖ h ;( = ( T( /
= L 4= ._ H C< I H = KT( ML Ck"= E# J (E$G J5&C !K ET4 O 5 z N( _ S0&C 5 = < = L z
( "T( >K ._( BC J(LB( z( EG( n
= 4 := K 1 G := K ;C ) G( !K ;C g= &C !K C = g ._a R Oa 4( T 'b $ = GK
._a E&C !K E5N( ۖ K = 1 : 1= 5( ۚ xT(W pK 5= E5N( ۗ r = * C 1 !( T( _
= ( t= CD n)= t (
z( H (7T( := gK = ;C >= &C E5N( .4( T=BC (0=BC J(L& _ SL-1= 0 @ = N( : "(g T=N( 5O <( = L z
P G( '§ L ۖ '( 2( Cz 9 $
" 'C "(<Ù = L z .4( ">= BC P "= C kC = K P ( C 5 = <( := K E5N( .2 4( E
.4( ">= BC
"(D MC SK<= 0 "(D V i(2( EGK ._
K ST=BC :K K C n
EC GK MH = < 8
( E ._H G P $ = K C V -( EK ; ( UMN( ۚ a z( Cg
UMN( ._( $ ( ( S= "( MC K< SK* G Cg ._ a *=&C
( = Uk 8 K W( C% := gK = <( ._ H R 3H )(C H ( CT(
.OH C5 P= G( !K C G %L += ( C Cg
.@
a E$C :a "(
pK SL%L"; DC Cg .OK ( d i (DC 5S= ;C = 0 : E ._ H G E# C V ( Uk;( UMN( ۚ Cg
.4( E SLW := K E5N( ۚ := ( T( x
= G C ۖ := 2L 1 G :a
( - GK
a S= DC Cg .3
a += &C !( ;( 2 R P= G( K >
.4K -C d
i (DC ۖ C pK SKKG= E%C := K5=&C ۖ := 2L T( x
= G C := K5=&C ' T SLC%
4 .4( E J(D n1= t
( xT C< pK O= F( DC Cg C E%C P= G ET4 SLC%
.4K T=BC :K K = <
= C + = &C 0( 7
= ( := gK 5 7
E*&C .4( R= BC P G( := gK 1K 5 EL 5 n4( 5 C C G SLC%
.4( E '( g= &C :K W
K 7* ¡
C h
(zC UMN(
(3) From the last page. This indicates the abundance of wealth and development technology at the time of Prophet
Solomon. His navy was the strongest in the world due to his ability to exploit air. He knew tactics of controlling evil
demons who used to construct buildings and dive into sea to bring pearls out. It was due to his thankfulness to God.
(1) Prophet Job $ 3S; !";< was tested with a swear affliction. His wealth ruined, children died and he became
alone. He was afflicted by a decease. He was so patient on such afflictions that God praised him. Once, he swore to
beat himself 100 times with a wooden stick after becoming healthy. God bestowed upon him and he became healthy.
Allah gave him further wealth and children. He asked him to fulfill his oath by beating himself lightly with a bundle
of 100 twigs. The stories of submission of previous prophets are told to Prophet Muhammad :; !";< ^ ;W to
comfort him during the crises he was facing in cause of Allah.
(2) 4( E
z( is a qT for H (>. (3) +& is also used for kinds, types, species etc.
(4) This is a dialogue among the People of Hell with their leaders.
(5) Pious people whom these dwellers of the Hell used to consider bad in their worldly life.
Mockery 0( 7
= ( Don’t break your oath r
= * C A bunch of twigs / straw n)= t
(
FK 0(F1 K "= T G }( 4= BC 8 ( E$ _4 .4K E-C K
( S !K U; UN( !H CN( P= G( G ۖ 4a ( = GK 5&C E5N( ' %L
M N( .MC SK( 7 = 0 z N( ;C <= BC {(;C (T :H ; <( P= G( J( MC C G .MC SKt( 1= GK !K = < := K5=&C .:a "(< Bb5 S gK ' %L .4K U
.V a (GK a 0(5 5&C E5&C UN( EJCN(
SK0
!K C SK1-C DC J(
K4 P= G( !( "(D K 7 = C 5 !K K0=ES Cz{(DC HVA( P= G( x# T a (> J5N( ( 2C (C; ; ( h T4 qC C% z N(
.P 0(D( C2 P G( MC C 2 = d "(;T=N( UN( .MC SK1 = &C := K ; L L 2C (C; ,
$ DC .P 0((
V(1 P G(
= L = &C 8
= 2 = &C ۖ E "T(
K - ;C > ( ,
K$= * M &C h
1 G G d
K "(;=TN( 0 qC C%
.V
H A( P= G( !K - ;C > 4H 5 P= G( J(- ;C > ۖ !K = G( a "= > 5&C qC C%
.P( 0 ( S= 0 CN( J(1= C h
"= ;C < UMN( .:a "(4 h
E5{(DC = G(
= K >= CD qC C%
.MC SL)1 = 0K ( S= 0 CN( J(5= ( 5=BCDC _4 qC C%
.( SL;1=
( % S ( S= 0 CN( .P 0(C = K P G( h
E5{(DC qC C%
.V
( ;C 7
= K :K K = G( O <( UN( .V
1( = &C := K E0S( BLC h
*(EF1( (DC qC C%
.V
1( = &C := K = G( h
1 (* P= EG( h
= G( : E UMBC;C G= BCC .qL SL%&C E
CD qC C%
1= T pK BC5 EPK ;C 1= C .V
( C1; ( a z( UN( S gK M N( .1 V
( ;2C K P G( 5&C G H = &C P= G( !( "= ;C < := 2L LCB= &C G ' %L
.VH
(
(1) Those who behave in an artificial manner and fabricate their words with extreme care with affectedness. A
prophet is not one of them.
ۗ b 1 ( !( U; }
K 4= &C ۗ b $
"5= p( ( g J(D SK$
= &C P 0(U;( ۚ := 2L ET4 SL-E* SKG P 0(U O( <( 0 ' %L
._H $
( ( "= T( := gK = &C MC KT(E UDS 0K E5N(
.V
( ;( $
= K qC E&C MC SL&C M BC( 8
K = G( &L .P 0 !K C x ;( 7
= GK ! U; K<= &C M &C 8
K = G( &L J5N( ' %L
.:H "(< H S= 0 _
C< JT4
K "= < M N(
a L %( S= DC P= G(
a L := K C := K ET4 =S-C E* P 0( U P( 2( C (4E J(D P= G L -( = *K 5=BCDC &C _
( C1
.O 1"( !K U; ?K ;( 7 = 0K C ۖ !( U; <= ۖ 4K 5=BC (
= * P= G(
E:L !K 5K S&C n;( 7
= GK x<4= + !( T(
K ( 7 = 0K E:L } ( 4= BC J(D 9"(T0 !K 2C ;C $ DC G ( E$ P G( qC F 5=&C ! U; UM&C * := C&C
pK 4 = W
!K U; R P= DC &C ._ ( BC J(LB( ( C h (zC J(D UMN( ۚ xGCk
K !K ;L 1 , = 0 E:L C = GK pK DC ®K "(0
.VH (GK qH C;t J(D h i(CL& ۚ !( U; ( z( P= G( := K TKSL;%L ( "( C-; ( 'b 0=SDC ۚ (!T4 P= G( 1 4H SK5 ;C < S K DC ( C;= {(; (
V
K ;( * E:L := K ET4 MC S= #
7= 0 P 0(U 3 OK SL;K !K = G( 1( #
- * 2 J 5(C)G xT(#GK xT( r ( 0( P $
= &C CqEF5 !K U;
P= G( !K C DC !K U; '( ;(
= 0K P= G ۚ y #0 P= G !( T( (= 0 !( U; gK h (zC ۚ !( U; ( z( CN( := K TKSL;%L := gK OK SL;K
.OH g
(1) A part of this question is omitted due to its perceptibility. Full sentence is: “The one whose chest Allah has
opened for Islam and he is on the light of guidance of his Lord, he is better or the one who is deviated from the right
path.” (2) There is difference in opinion of the Quranic Exegetes. According to some, it means “a book whose
meaning are coherent and repeated.” According to Farahi, it means “a book whose meaning are coherent and its
Surahs are in form of pairs.” They consider Quranic Surahs grouped in a way that two Surahs form a pair e.g. Al-
Baqarah & Aal Imran, Al-Feel & Al-Quraish etc. There is coherence in meaning of both Surahs in a pair.
(3) It means that when they hear Allah’s verses, their light hair on skin become erected. It is an 0 for fear.
_ UC .MC SK$ ( 2 * := K= L G SL%Lz V ( (U;( 'C "(% ۚ ( G "-( S= 0 1 _ ( C1 Q SK !( ( = S T( J(-E0 P= DC &C
ۖ "5= 3( " J(D F= 7 ( !K U; :K K %C CzBCDC .MC K1K #= 0 C r L "=
P= G( _ K C1 :K gK *BCDC := ( ;( = %C =PG( P 0(U
:= K U;1 C 'H )CG 'L P= G( M( =-L Cg J(D ~ ( E;( T= t
= -C C .MC SK;C 1= 0 SK5C S= C ۚ K &C 3( >( _ K C1 C
.MC SL-E0 := K U;1 C 2 H S <( (z "= C "(T< x5=%L .MC KUC 0
ۚ !( U;( K =
ۚ n;)CG M( 0S( $
= 0 ' g 'H K ( x;C n;K 4 MC SK$( #GK y C RK !( "(D n;K 4 n;)CG K!U; _ t
.MC SK( 7 = * := 2L T4 = <( ( G "-( S= 0 := L2E5N( E:L .MC SK"G := K E5N(
a "G h
E5N( .MC SK;C 1= 0 C := gK K )C &C ' T
.P 0(D( C2; ( xS) G : E J(D d "= C&C ۚ pK Q z N( @ ( = (T _ UC !( U; C;< _ C C P= EG( :K ;C &C P= DC
y F h (zC ۚ := ( T4 = <( MC y#0 G := K C .MC SL-EK :K gK h i(CL& ۙ !( T( @
EW
@ ( = (T Q (U
.MC SL; 1= 0 SK5C (U P( $
= BCT( := gK = &C := K 0F( ,
= 0 SL;( < (U &CS = &C := K = < !K U; 2C "K( .V
($
(= K
( = 0 P= G .OH g P= G( !K C DC !K U; '( ;(
= 0K P= G ۚ !( 5(KO P= G( P 0(U(T h 5SLDS7
0K ۖ ?pK = <
S= $
DC ۖ 3 'b G( < J5N( := 2L (5C2G ;C < SL; <= ( S= C% 0 ' %L
.:a "(-GK _a C< !( "= ;C <
5=&C G ۖ "= ;C < '
( 0 E5{(DC U't
P= G ۖ !( $
( ;( DC g= P( DC ۖ
(T ~
( E;( _
2( h
"= ;C < F 5=&C E5N(
.'H "(S T( := ( "= ;C <
8
S= "= ;C <
%C J(U h
K $( = "KDC ۖ G( G J(D = K * := C J(U *(S= G V
( d L 5=BC UDS 0 !K U;
.MC KU2C 0 H S= -C ( 8
H 0C h
(zC J(D UMN( ۚ $ GK 'H &C CN( >= BL 'L ( = 0K
(1) Like the previous question, here a part is also omitted. Full meaning is: “The one who will face the punishment at
his face is equal to the one who will be protected from it?”
(2) The Quran is revealed in clear Arabic. Anyone who knows this language, can understand it easily. This clarity
becomes more clear when a a person compares it with the obscure Arabic poetry.
(3) The words J(52G ;< are omitted due to their perceptibility.
L < CE# !( U;( ' %L .MC SL;-( 1= 0 C ni"= R MC SL2;( = 0 C SK5C =SC &C ' %L ۚ Q 1C RK !( U; M( KO P= G( L7 E* ( &C
.MC SK1 = *K !( "= CN( E:L ۖ }
( 4= BC 8
( E$ h
K ; GK !K C ۖ x1"(
CzN( !( 5(KO P= G( P 0(U ( zL CzN( ۖ 3( >( (T MC SKG( = 0K C P 0(U 1 _
K SL;%L 8
= E+BC R= pK
= !K U; ( zL CzN(
.MC K#( = $
= 0 := gK
S5KC G J(D O( <( P "= T :K 2L = * 5=&C 3( O E# I ( "= : (< }
( 4= BC 8
( E$ A( CD E:K U; '( %L
_
( C1 ( SK P= G( !( T( = D C !K 1 G !K ;C ) G( x1"( }
( 4= BC J(D G SK;C C P 0(U;( UM&C S= C .MC SL;( 7 = 0 !( "(D
G := ( T( @
SK$
C G 8 K Ci" := K C T .MC SK$ (
= 0 SK5SL20 := C G !( U; P G( := K C T ۚ ( G "-( S= 0
.MC SLF( = $
= 0 !( T( SK5C
EP2( C b = D( J g( ' T ۚ :H ; <( ;C < !K K"(*L& E5N( qC C% EG( n =15( pK ES> CzN( E:L 5<O ¡t K MC $5={( EdG Cz{(DC
8
K Ci" := K TWBCDC .MC SK$ ( 2 0 SK5C G := K = < &C DC := ( ;( = %C P= G( P 0(U CC% = %C .MC SK;C 1= 0 C := gK )C &C
SK;C 1= 0 := C &C .P 0(F,( 1= K T( := gK G SK$ C G 8 K Ci" := K K"( "K ( CK g P= G( SK;C C P 0(U ۚ SK$ C G
.MC SKG( = 0K H S= -C ( 8
H 0C h
(zC J(D UMN( ۚ 4K ( - 0 y #0 P= ( @ +=
L$ K = 0 ! U; UM&C
ۚ x1"( _
SK5 K ( = 0 ! U; UMN( ۚ !( U; (
= 4 P= G( SLk- * C := ( $
( L 5=&C ;C < SLD = &C P 0(U
O( <( 0 ' %L
.:K "(
E 4K SL S gK !K E5N(
qC F( 5=&L G P $
= &C SK1(E* .MC K = *K C E:L _K C1 :K 2L "*(B 0 M &C '( = %C P= G( !K C SK;( = &C := 2L T4 CN( SK"(5&C
;C < * $=
0 d a 5 qC SL-* M &C .MC K1K #= * C := K5=&C n = T _
K C1 :K 2L "*(B 0 M &C '( = %C P= G( := 2L T4 P= (G := 2L "= CN(
P G( K = 2L C J(5 g ! U; UM&C S= C qC SL-* = &C .P 0( >( E$ P ( C K = L M N( !( U; I ( = J(D K A EDC G
J(*0 h *=Q = %C ;C T .V ($
( = K P G( MC SL BCDC 3n EC J( UM&C S= C _ C1 * V
( CqSL-* = &C .V -( EK
.P 0(D( C2 P G( = L 8 = 2 = T( T=U2C DC
(1) It depicts internal feeling of unbelievers that their hearts feel nauseated when Allah is remembered in front of
them.
( K1= (T := gK K GK B 0
( 2C K P= < := gK = 0 (He instructs them for good practices and forbids them from evil).
• C 3L < G : It is combining two related but not opposite things in a one sentence. For example, S gK !E5N(
K ( 9K "(E$ (Verily, He is the Listener, the Observer).
• ;#G: It is using a word that is similar to the form of another word used in the same sentence. For
example, := gK $5=BCDC ! U; SK$5 (They forgot Allah, so He left them). Here the word :g$5& is used for Allah
Who does not forget. It is used in the meaning “He left them” due to their crime that they forgot Allah.
This word is used to add the beauty to the sentence.
• K # JkC : It is describing two things briefly and then providing details for them without mentioning
that what is related to which thing. For example, !( ;(
= DC P= G( SK= ( !( "(D SK2L $
= ( 4 E 'C "= U; := 2L C 'C 1 (He
made the night and the day for you so that you may rest in it and you may get His bounty in it). Initially,
night and day are described and then their objective is described. It is left on the reader to judge what
objective is related to night and what is related to day. Sometimes, details are not described in the same
order. The objective is to keep the audience attentive.
• 9: It is combining two unrelated things in a one sentence. For example, "5= 3( " L 0(+ MC SK qL
(Wealth and children are an attraction for the worldly life). In such cases, the relationship is very fine.
Wealth & children have a fine relation that they both are strongly desired in this world. Arabs used to
express pride over both of these things.
• 0*: It is combining two things in a a sentence and then describing additional details for one of them to
show its priority. For example,
a &L `
a ; G( Cg !K TK R eb ( 8
a DL _
a < Cg (This is sweet and pure having a
good taste for drinking and this is sour and salty). Here the drinkable water is described in detail but the
salty water is just mentioned to express the importance of drinkable water.
• :"$-*: It is combining two or more nouns in a sentence and then separately describing the details of each
of them. For example, H W
= W
`
H 0(T( SL2;( g= BLDC Oa < EG&C .( "( Uk(T SL2;( g= BLDC OK SKC EGBCDC .( < 4( C- (T Oa < OK SKC
= TUC
H "*(< (Thamud & Aad rejected the Day of Judgment. As for Thamud, they were destroyed by a
thunderbolt. As for A’ad, they were destroyed by a furious windstorm).
• G: It is describing the largeness or intensity of something. For example, pK #= 0 J,L H = T J(D 8
H ;L L C = &C
/
H 1= T @
S= DC
K 1= T 8
a ;L L _
a !( %( S= DC P= G( aS= G !( %( S= DC P= G(
a S= G (Or like darkness in a deep sea overwhelmed with
high tides, one over another, overcast with dark clouds, layers of utter darkness one above another).
• !T,=0{T JR J5: It is describing a positive thing in a negative way. For example, 9a "= T 3b 4 ,*( := ( "(; *K
!( U; ( z( P= < (Neither the trade nor the exchange divert them from remembering Allah). It means that they
always sremember Allah.
• ~: It is combining two or more words having similar sound to each other. For example, G K K<= &C
K K<= &C G MC KT(< := K5=&C .:= *< G a T(< 5&C .K K<= &C G MC KT(< := K5=&C .MC KK1= * (I do not worship what you
worship and you are not worshippers of Whom I worship. I am not a worshipper of whom you worship
and you are not worshippers of Whom I worship).
• 9,: It is producing a similar sound at end of each sentence. For example, .MC SKg := ( *(W P= < := gK P 0(U
MC SK< MC SK1= 0 .MC y 0K := gK P 0(U (Those who are neglectful of their prayers, those who make a show of
piety, and refuse to share necessities of life). It is very common in the Quran.
• 9"W*: It is using two sentences with the same weight and producing a similar sound at end of each
sentence. For example, :
H "( J(C 4 E,L UMN( .:H "(15 J(C 4 T=jQ UMN (Verily the righteous will be in blessings
and surely the offenders will be in the hell). It is also common in the Quran but most common poetry.
• ~215 : It is producing opposite sounds by reversing the order of letters. For example, = 2C DC h
ET4 (And
your Lord, so describe His greatness).
Face the Challenge! What is
41 'g,*? Why it is
used? Give two examples.
• $5: A person uses the entire communication of other including words and concepts.
• $G: A person takes other’s communication and presents it in his name after making some changes.
• ;: A person takes the meaning of another’s communication and presents it in his own words.
• ~% : It is using other’s communication as a quote along with mentioning the name of original
communicator. It is not unethical and allowed. Various sayings of previous people are quoted in the
Quran.
• P="*: It is usually done in poetry. A poet takes a poem of some famous poet and adds his own verses
with its verses. The name of original poet is also mentioned. It is also not unethical and allowed.
• -(<: It is describing other’s prose in form of poetry. Many Arab poets have used Quranic verses and
Ahadith in their poetry.
• '(
: It is describing other’s poetry in form of prose. Many Arab prose writers have converted the poetry
of famous poets into prose.
• `";*: It is indicating a famous event. For example, the Quran indicates various known events from
Israelite history. Details of such events are not described in the Quran because they are well-known
events of Israelite history and described in detail in the Bible.
V
1( T4= &C SKG 5= < z N( ... = := 2L T( % DC z N( ...MC S= < = D( q( P= G( := L "= E,5 z N(
:= 2L "= ;C < ; U;C ..._
2( SKG "= * z N( ...p( ( 1= T P= G( 'C , = 1( := *K 7
E* E:L n ;C "= C
(2:49-59) C 0= -C p( ( g SL;>K O= ; %L z N( ...
8
= ( 5 G H
K T=&C L 1 = p( ( 1= T P= G( pK K 0 K
= a %&C 3H ,
R P= G( }
( 4= jQ J(D E5&C S= C
(31:27) !( U; 8K ;( C
(5:44) J(5S= #
>= ~
E =S#
7
= * CD
EJ(T 0 _
K SL-1= 0 !( "(T :K "(g T=N( T( EW ...EPK E*BCDC 8 H ;( 2C T( !K T4 : "(g T=N( C;T= z N(
(2:124,132) M C SK;( $ = GK := K5=&C UN( EP*KSK* CD P 0 := 2L C CkC W = ! U; UMN(
(11:44) K G= jQ J
( %L y /
"( J(1;( % &C y 0 ( Q G J(1;C T= }
K 4= C& 0 'C "(%
MC S;
( 0 := gK := K C '§
( EPgK 4( U2L CN( EPgK SK1( = * CD 8
H G( = GK EPgK SKK= ;( < M {(DC
(60:10) EPK C
(99:7-8) p0 nR
3H E4zC qC C-) G( ' 1= 0 P= G .p0 n="> 3H E4zC qC C-) G( ' 1= 0 P= DC
(5:5) :
= K C '§
( := 2L GK 1AC := 2L C '§
( _
2( SK*L& P 0(U K 1AC
4K SK-L CzN( .8
= ,DL 4K ( CzN( .8
= )C5 I
K ( S2C CzN( .8
= kC C 5 y E$ CzN(
(82:1-5) 8 = E>&C
= G E%C G d a 5
= ;( < .8 =Q )(1= TK
Hatred
K - G Powerful q( S= Uk (z One who accepts '( T(C%
! U; SK<O= CD .I K "(0K P= G UN( K UC 0 G ۚ n%+= 4( ( E$ P G( := 2L C qL F0K !( *(0 := 2L 0(0K (U S gK
;C < p( ( G= &C P= G( 1
J(-; 0K w ( = 1 Lz 8
( 4 E 9K "(D4 .MC KD( C2 p ( C S= C P 0 !K C V ( ;( 7 = GK
.@
( C;E S= 0 4 ( = "K( p( O( <( P= G( y #0 P= G
S= " .4( E-C (
( S !( U;( ۖ S= " h K ; K P( ( ۚ ¥ J= R := K = G( !( U; C;< C 7 = 0 C ۖ MC K+4( T := gK S= 0
z( N( ( DC +( S= 0 := gK 4= ( 5=&C ._( $ ( 9K 0( ! U; UMN( ۚ S= " : ; L C ۚ = $ C T( d H 5 ' L F , = *K
G P( "K<= BC C (> :K ;C 1= 0 . K Ck0K 9H "(R C :H "(
P= G( V ( (U;( G ۚ V ( ( C 2 ( (
C _ K SL;-L
S gK ! U; UMN( ۗ H J= # T( MC SK- 0 C !( 5(KO P= G( MC SK<= 0 P 0(U ۖ (T J(- 0 !K U; .4K K J(7 = *K
.K ( 9K "(E$
:= K = G( ER &C := gK SK5C ۚ := ( ;( = %C P= G( SK5C P 0(U L %( < MC C ? "= C KL = "DC } ( 4= BC J(D K($0 := C &C
= 5C := K E5BCT( h (zC .@
H P= G( !( U; P G( := K C MC C G := ( T(SK5L T( !K U; :K gK C > BCDC } ( 4= BC J(D x4C 3n ES%L
._
( C-1( K 0(R ¡S( %C !K E5N( ۚ !K U; :K gK C > BCDC KC 2C DC 8
( "(T := K ;L K 4K := ( "(*B *
._
a UC a
( SLC-DC 3 MC K4C% MC Gg MC S= < = D( CN( .V H (GK MH Ck; K *(0(T SKG ; 4= &C = -C C
K "= C G ۚ := gK Q $5( SK"
= = !K 1 G SKG P 0(U Q T=&C SL;K% SLC% 5( = <( P= G( (T := gK Q E;C DC
.qH C;t
J(D UN( P 0(D( C2
}
( 4= BC J(D ( 0K M &C = &C := 2L 0(O qC 0K M &C
:= L Q = %C !K U; J T4 qC SL-0 M &C n;K 4 MC SL;K- *&C !K 50=N( :K K2 0 MC S= < = D( q( P= G( Pa G( = GK b'K 4 qC C%
UMN( ۖ := L K 1( 0 (U / K 1= T := 2L = ( 0K n%O( W h
K 0 M N( ۖ !K TK( C !( "= ;C 1 DC xTz( C h
K 0 M N( ۖ := 2L T4 P= G( 8( "(T
5K K = 0 P= DC }
( 4= BC J(D 1 P 0(g( C S= " h
K ; K :K 2L C ( S= %C 0 ._ a UC
a ( $
= GK S gK P= G (= 0 C ! U;
. ۚ 5Q M N( !( U; ~
( B T P= G(
.O( RE 'C "( UN( := 2L 0(g= &C G 4 &C G UN( := 2L 0(4&L G ML S= < = D( qC C%
O SKC OH < H SK5 ( S= %C _ ( &O 'C ) G( ._ ( F
= BC ( S= 0 'C ) G( := 2L "= ;C <
"#
( < K L "= ;C < MC SKt 1= 0K 4K E ._( C1 y SK MC S= < = D( q( (T @
ۖ K2C G G 8 ( Ci" !K U; pK C%S DC
y C1 qL SL-"DC 4( E J(D MC S0 z (N ._ ( C1 ER &C MC S= < = D( qC SL;>( O= &C L < E$ K SL-* S= 0 ۖ
.4( E P G( x"( 5 E< MC SK= GK := K5=&C ' DC x1* := 2L C EL E5N( K2 = P 0(U;(
: E ( 5F 7 ( 4( E J(D P 0(U qC C% .O( 1( P "= T : 2C
= %C ! U; UMN( "(D '§ L E5N( K2 = P 0(U qC C%
ۚ ;C T SLC% ۖ 8 ( "(T := 2L ;L K 4K := 2L "(*B * h
K * := C C& SLC% ._ ( C1 P G( xGS= 0 E< ? = 7 0K := 2L ET4 SK<O=
1 "5= 3( " J(D SKG P 0(U ;C K 4K K K =C E5N( .qH C;t J(D UN( P 0(D( C2 y <OK G ۗ SK<O= CD SLC%
"= * = -C C .4( E y SK := K C L 1= U; :K K C ۖ := K *K4 ( 1= G V ( (U 9K C = 0 C S= 0 .OK R= BC K SL-0 S= 0
._ ( BC J(LB( z( xgK ._ 2( 'C "( = N( J(T 4 = &C K SKG
MC SLO( ,0K P 0(U UMN( .4( C2T={( J# ( 1 (T h
T4 ( = T( `= h
(5=C ( = ( = = ¡
!( U; <= UMN( = (W= CD
S gK !K E5N( ۖ !( U;(T 1( = CD ۚ !( "((T( := gK G a = ( UN( := g( 4( KWK J(D M N( ۙ := gK *&C MH Ck; K ( "= T( !( U; 8 ( 0 J(D
.MC SK;C 1= 0 C ~ ( E )C &C EP2( C ~ ( E ( ; > P= G( K &C } ( 4= BC 8 ( E$ K ; 7 C .K ( 9K "(E$
.MC KUC * G n;"(;%C ۚ y J($K C 8 ( (E SL;( < SKG P 0(U K ( <= BC (S$ = 0 G
.MC SKG( = 0K C ~
( E )C &C EP2( C "(D I 0=4 C b "*(C C < E$ UMN(
.P 0(>( O : E MC SL;>K = " J(*O <( P= < MC K(2 $ = 0 P0(U UMN( ۚ := 2L C I
= , ( = &C J(5SK<O= :K 2L T4 qC C%
)C &C EP2( C ~( E C;< 'H = DC LC ! U; UMN( ۚ x( = GK 4 E !( "(D SK2L $ = ( 'C "= U; :K 2L C 'C 1 (U !K U;
hK DC = 0K h (C C CMSL2DC = *K E5BCDC ۖ S gK UN( ! CN( C H J= R 'L K (> := 2L T4 !K U; :K 2L (zC .MC K2L # = 0 C ~
( E
.MC K , = 0 !( U; 8 ( 0(T SK5C P 0(U
8
( "Uk P G( := 2L %C + 4 := L 4 S W
K P $
= BCDC := L 4 ESW
T( Q E$ x4 %C } 4= BC :K 2L C 'C 1 (U !K U;
ۗ P 0 !K C V
( ;( 7
= GK pK SK<O= CD S gK UN( ! CN( C J S gK .V ( C1 _4 !K U; 4 DC ۖ := 2L T4 !K U; :K 2L (zC ۚ
.V ( C1 _4 !( U;( K =
(1) It is Allah’s law that the prophets who are assigned the title of qS4 are helped in this world. Unbelievers can
neither dominate nor kill them. The unbelievers are punished in this world and destroyed completely. Examples
include the nations of Prophet Noah, Hud, Saleh, Abraham, Lot, Shu’aib, Moses, Jesus & Muhammad 3S; :";<
$ . Many of these nations were punished by natural disasters while the nations of Prophet Moses & Muhammad
were punished by the hands of believers. Such punishment is described in the Surat-ul-Taubah.
: ;( = &L M &C 8 K = G( &L JT4 P= G( 8 K " J 5(Q EC !( U; M( KO P= G( MC SK<= * P 0(U K<= &C M &C K "(5K J5N( ' %L
SK;L = ( E:L n; A( := 2L K ( 7
= 0K E:L H -C ;C < P= G( E:L H C k 5K P= G( E:L _
H *K P= G( := 2L -C ;C > (U S gK .V ( C1 _ (
S gK .MC SL;-( 1= * := 2L U;1 C $ GK n; &C SK;L = ( ۖ 'L = %C P= G( UDS 0K P= G := 2L = G( ۚ x>SK"RK SK5SL2( E:L := L ERK &C
.ML SL2"DC P= L !K C qL SL-0 E5{(DC xG= &C C% Cz{(DC ۖ
K "(0K J(" = 0K (U
!( T( ; 4= &C T( _
( 2( (T SKTUC P 0(U CMSLD = 0K E5&C !( U; 8 ( 0 J(D MC SLO( ,0K P 0(U CN( * := C&C
4( E J(D E:L :( "( J(D .MC SK $= 0K 'L ( C;E$ := ( %( <= &C J(D qL C; BC z( N( .MC SK;C 1= 0
S= $ DC ۖ ;C K 4K
SK<= 5 P= 2L 5 := C ' T E< S;t SLC% ۖ !( U; M( KO P= G( CMSL( # = *K := K= L G P 0=&C := K C 'C "(% E:L .MC K, $ = 0K
.P 0(D( C2 !K U; '
( 0K h (C C ۚ ni"= R 'L = %C P= G(
P 0((> : E _ ST=&C SL;>K O= .MC SK
= * := K= L T(
( "= T( }
( 4= BC J(D MC SK
* := K= L T( := 2L (zC
= &C := gK K 1( 5 (U /
1= T h E0( 5K EG{(DC ۚ ¡
!( U; <= UMN( = (W = CD .P 0(2C K S) G d i (DC ۖ "(D
.MC SK1 = 0K "= C{(DC h
E"UDS 5
MC C G ۗ h "= ;C < ¬= K - 5 := C P= G := K = G( h "= ;C < = %C P= G := K = G( h ;( = %C P= G( n;K 4K ; 4= &C = -C C
!K U; .MC SL;k( = K h
(gK $ ( > (T J
( %L !( U; K G= &C Q Cz{(DC ۚ !( U; M( z {(T( UN( H 0(T J *(B 0 M &C qH SK(
J(D n
"= ;C < SK;L = ( 9K D( G "(D := 2L C .MC SL;L B * = G( = G( SKC = ( 15=BC :K 2L C C'1 (U
.MC K2( = *K !( U; 8 ( 0 EBCDC !( *(0 := 2L 0(0K .MC SL; = *K h
( ; L C;< "= ;C < := L 4( KW K
3n ES%L ER &C := K = G( )C &C SK5C ۚ := ( ;( = %C P= G( P 0(U L %( < MC C ?
"= C KL = "DC }
( 4= BC J(D K($0 := ;C DC &C
T( SK
( DC 8 ( "(T := K ;L K 4K := K *=Q E;C DC .MC SK$( 2 0 SK5C G := K = < &C DC } ( 4= BC J(D x4C
pK
= !( U;(T EG SLC% B T =&C4 E;C DC .MC SLF( = $ = 0 !( T( SK5C G := ( T( @
:( ; 1( P G( := gK = <(
.V ( ( #= GK !( T( EL T( 5= C C
h
(gK $
( > ۖ p( O( <( J(D
= ;C > = %C J(U !( U;
EK ۖ B T =&C4 EC := K 5KµN( := K 1K C = 0 Kh0 := ;C DC
.MC KD( C2
3H EG qC E&C := 2L -C ;C > S gK H J= R U'L kC 5=&C (U !K U; -C kC 5= &C SLC% ۖ "= ;C < := *K= ( R : ( := g( O( SL;, K ( SLC%
P= 2( C := L OK SL;K C := L 4K T=&C C := 2L 1K = := 2L "= ;C < # = 0 M &C 1 MC K($ = * := K= L G .MC SK1 = *K !( "= CN(
P G( := K= W= BCDC := L O4= &C := 2L T T( := K= C (U :K 2L C =:2L (zC .MC SL; 1= * EG( x)(C :K ;C 1= 0 C ! U; UM&C := K= C
.P 0(( 7
:= K C SKE0F DC Q 5 %L := K C = E"%C .V (1= K P G( := gK DC SK(1= $
= 0 M N( ۖ := K C xS) G 4K ECD K(= 0 M {(DC
:= K E5N( ۖ d
( 5={( P, ( P G( := ( ;( = %C P= G( = ;C > = %C :H G &L J(D qL S= -C :K ( "= ;C < E
:= K C ; > G := ( 0(0=C& P "= T G
EP-C 0(K;C DC .MC SK;( = * := 2L U;1 C !( "(D =S M( =-L C ( SK1 $ = * C KC C P 0(U qC C% .P 0(( > SK5C
ۖ 4K E !( U; ( <= &C y F h (zC .MC SL; 1= 0 SK5C (U &CS = &C := K E0F( , = C x0(R xT C< KCC P 0(U
.MC K, = 0 *(0(T SK5C T( F ۖ ( ; 7 K 4K O "(D := K C
P G( 5SL2"( G( % &C
= * K ; 1 ,
= 5 d
( 5={( P,
( P G( 5U;t
&C P( 0=C U; 54( &C ET4 KC C P 0(U qC C%
.V
;( C = BC
( E,
(T K#( T=&C S5KF
= * C SLD7* U&C L 2C (C; :K ( =";C < qL EF* SKGC-= E:L !K U; T4 SLC% P 0(U UMN(
:= 2L $K L 5=&C J(#
= * G "(D := 2L C ۖ 3( >( J(D "5= 3( " J(D := L £K "(= &C PK = 5 .MC K< SK* := K= L J(U
x(W 'C ( < !( U; CN( <O P= EG( nS= %C PK $
= &C P= G .:H "(
4 4H SLC P= G( nFK 5K .MC SK<E* G "(D := 2L C
.V ( ;( $
= K P G( J(E5N( qC C%
¡J( !K E5BCC 3b < !K "= T h "= T (U Cz{(DC PK $
= &C J g( J(U(T 9= DC O= ۚ L iC"E$ C L $ (S$ = * C
²
b F= 5 M( Ck"= E# P G( h EC F = 0 EGN( .:H "(< ¯°
Lz UN( gU-;C 0K G KW P 0(U UN( gU-C;0K G .:a "(
K, K$ = * C ۚ K -C d K = E# 4K E 'L "= U; !( *(0 P= G( .:K "(;1 9K "(E$ S gK !K E5N( ۖ !( U;(T 1( = CD
= <( P 0(UCD K2 = M( {(DC .MC KK1= * pK E0N( := K= L M N( EPK -C ;C > (U !( U;( K, K = ( -C ; ( C d
( = E#;(
(3,) .MC SKGBC$ = 0 C := gK 4( E '( "= U;(T !K C MC SK$ 0K h
T4
(1) You did not use to hide your deeds from your hands & skins i.e. you did not avoid their testimony against you.
g"
= &C (U UMN( ۚ = T4 8 = EFg= Q "= ;C < F 5=&C Cz{(DC n 1 R( > } 4= BC * h E5&C !( (*0 P= G(
-C ; 0K P= DC &C ۗ "= ;C < MC S= C 7
= 0 C *(0 J(D MC K ( ; 0K P0(U UMN( .a 0(%C H J= R 'L ;C < !K E5N( ۚ *S= J(" = K C
.
a ( T MC SL; 1= * T( !K E5N( ۖ := Ki R( G SL; <= ۚ ( G "-( S= 0 xG( J(*B 0 P= G = &C a "= > 4( E J(D
!( ( ; > P= G( C !( 0= 0 P( "= T P= G( 'L A( !( "(*B 0 C .Fa 0(F< _
a 2( C !K E5N( ۖ := gK Q EC ( (T KC C P 0(U UMN(
Lz 3H ( = G LC h ET4 UMN( ۚ h ;( = %C P= G( '( K ;( 'C "(% = %C G UN( h C qL C-0K G .H "(
:H "(2
P= G( 'b 0(F= * ۖ
P 0(U;( S gK ' %L ۗ J(T< ¡J( , <= &C&C ۖ !K *K0 = ;C DL CS= C SLC-C 1 "( , <= &C x5=%L pK ; 1 S= C .:H "(&C _
H C-<(
MH C2G P= G( MC = O 0K h i(CL& ۚ x< := ( "= ;C < S gK a % := ( 5( Cz J(D MC SKG( = 0K C P 0(U ۖ ¥ CR( xgK SKG
.H "(1T
J(C := K E5N( ۚ := K "= T J ( -L C h
T4 P= G( = -C b ;( C CS= C ۗ !( "(D ? ;( K>= CD _
2( SKG "= * = -C C
O 0K !( "= CN( .( "(1 ; ( H U;C T( h
T4 G ۗ "= ;C 1 DC Q &C P= G ۖ !( $
( ;( DC x(W 'C ( < P= G .I H 0(GK !K = G( hR
S= 0 ۚ !( ( ; 1( T( UN( 9K * C )C5=&L P= G( 'L ( = * G G( &C P= G( 8 H C P= G( K K 7= * G ۚ ( < E$ :K ; <(
SC ۖ 'L = %C P= G( MC SK<= 0 SK5C G := K = < U't .H "(R P= G( EG( G E5zC SLC% J(C RK P 0=&C =:( 0(O0K
.¬
H "(G P= G( := K C G
( 1= T P= G( EG( n
= 4 pK % zC &C P= i(C .¦
b SK%C ~ a SLi"DC E# !K E$G M N( ( "= 7 ( <OK P= G( ML $5={( K BC$
= 0 C
ۚ $= K ; C pK = <( J( UMN( JT4 CN( K 1= ( 4K P= i(C n (C% C < E$ PL &C G J( Cg EPCSL-"C !K = E$G Q Et
} <= &C M( $5={( C;< = 1 5=&C CzN( .° H "(;C _ H C< P= G( := K E-C 0(KC SL;( < T( KC C P 0(U EPiCK;C DC
./ H 0( < H <OK LDC E# !K E$G CzN( !( (5(,(T BC5
J(D *(0 := ( 0(K .H "(1T @
H C-R( J(D S gK P= EG( ' t
&C P= G !( T( := *K= C C E:L !( U; ( = <( P= G( MC C M N( := K=0&C4 &C ' %L
C&C .a "(R H J= R 'L ;C < !K E5&C h
T T( ?
( 2 0 =:C &C ۗ
!K E5&C := K C P E"0 E
:= ( $ ( L 5=&C J(D @ ( CD
.
b "(GK H J= R '2L T( !K E5N( C&C ۗ := ( T4 ( C-( P= G( H 0= G( J(D := K E5N(
(1) It is the answer of a question which is omitted due to its perceptibility in the answer. The question was cast by
the Jews to the pagans that: “The previous scriptures were revealed in Hebrew. If this Quran is from God, why did it
reveal in Arabic?”
He turned at his side (a
style of arrogance)
!( (5(,T( BC5 He becomes bored &
tired
K BC$
= 0 It gave profit
= T4
ۖ_ H ( P= G( !K U; qC F 5=&C T( K = G ' %L ۖ := gK Q Sg= &C 9= (E* C ۖ 8 = G( &L C := -( = ۖ K O= CD h (C ;( DC
!K U; ۖ :K 2L "= T "= T C E,
K C ۖ := 2L L<= &C := 2L C L<= &C C ۖ := 2L T4 T4 !K U; ۖ :K 2L "= T qC ( <= BC( 8
K = G( &L
= <( b
( O := K KE,
K !K C I "(,K= G ( 1= T P= G( !( U; J(D MC S0K P 0(U .K "= ( !( "= CN( ۖ "= T 9K , = 0
.a 0(R _ a C< := K C I a C := ( "= ;C < := ( T4
C P 0(U T( 'L ,
( 1= $
= 0 .I
a 0(%C C < E$ U'1 C h 0(4= 0K G ۗ MC F"( 1 (T _
2( qC F 5=&C (U !K U;
( < E$ J(D MC K40K P 0(U UMN( C&C ۗ E5&C MC SK;C 1= 0 = G( MC SL-( # = GK SKG P 0(U ۖ T( MC SKG( = 0K
C =
K 0(0K MC C P= G .FK 0(F1 S( -C S gK ۖ y #0 P= G @ K +K = 0 p( O( 1( T( ?
a "(kC !K U; .H "(1T qH C;t J(C
.I
H "( 5 P= G( 3( >( J(D !K C G = G( !( *(= 5K "5=
C =
K 0(0K MC C P= G ۖ !( (=
J(D !K C O= F( 5 3( >(
UMN( ۗ := K "= T J
( -L C '( = C L ;( C CS= C ۚ !K U; !( T( M zC B 0 := C G P( 0 P G( := K C SK< R 2 y C RK := K C = &C
SKG P 0(U ۗ := ( T( 9a %( S gK SK$ C EG( V -( ( #
= GK V ( (U * .:a "(&C _ a C< := K C V ( (U
.3 K (2C 'L = C S gK h (zC ۚ := ( T4 = <( MC y#0 G := K C ۖ 8 ( E, 8
( t= 4 J(D 8 ( (E SL;( <
3C EOS UN( x= &C !( "= ;C < := 2L LBC= &C C ' %L ۗ 8 ( (E SL;( < SKG P 0(U pK O <( !K U; K #0K (U h (zC
.4a SL2R 4a SLC ! U; UMN( ۚ x$ =
K "(D !K C O= F( 5 n $
= ( - 0 P= G ۗ T= -L J(D 4
E ( 0K 'C A( !K U; ` K = 0 ۗ h (; %C ;C < := (7
= 0 !K U; {(#
0 M {(DC ۖ xT( C !( U; C;< D MC SLSL-0 = &C
G :K ;C 1= 0 8( Ci"E$ P( < SL1= 0 p( O( <( P= < C TS= E 'L - 0 (U S gK .4( K 8 ( CT( :a "(;< !K E5N( ۚ !( *(;( 2C T(
_
a C< := K C MC KD( C2 ۚ !( ;( = DC P= G( := gK K 0(F0 8 ( (E SL;( < SKG P 0(U I K "(,$ = 0 .MC SL;1 *
a "= (> p( O( 1( T( !K E5N( ۚ y #0 G 4H -C T( qL F0K P= 2( C }( 4= BC J(D =S C p( O( 1( ( @
+= !K U; C
$ T S= C .a 0(R
.K "( J(S S gK ۚ !K
= 4 K #
K = 0 SLk%C G ( 1= T P= G( r C "= qL F0K (U S gK . a ( T
(1) The word £ is also used in the meaning of “it means” or “i.e.”. Grammarians call it q. ( . Here it means:
“Allah is the One Who revealed the Book with truth i.e. the criteria for right & wrong.” (2) The question is in the
meaning of refutation. (3) The Prophet :; !";< ^ ;W instigated the pagans to accept the truth by his close family
relations with them. (4) Correct emphasis of this verse can be appreciated by the verse above C =
K 0(0K MC C P= G
I
H "( 5 P= G( 3( >( J(D !K C G = G( !( *(= 5K "5= .
He performs, commits
.a 0(%C y #0 CzN( := ( 1( = ;C < S gK ۚ H ET O P= G( ( "(D UrT G } ( 4= BC 8
( E$ K ; > !( *(0 P= G(
G ۖ }( 4= BC J(D P 0(F, ( 1= K T( := K5=&C G .
H )(C P= < SL1= 0 := 2L 0(0=&C
= $
C (DC H "( GK P= G( := 2L TW&C G
.H ( 5 C J( P= G( !( U; M( KO P= G( := 2L C
J(D UMN( ۚ p( ( = C ;C < ( 4 P ; ;C "DC `
0 P( 2( $= K0 B #
0 M N( .( C;<= BCC (
= J(D 4( S,
!( *(0 P= G(
.
H )(C P= < ? K 1= 0 SK$ C T( EPK - T(SK0 = C& .4H SL2R 4H EW '2L ( 8 H 0C h (zC
G ۖ "5= 3( "
K DC H J= R P= G( := K"(*L& DC .¬
H "(G P= G( := K C G *(0 J(D MC SLO( ,0K P 0(U : ;C 1= 0
.MC SL;US 0 := ( T4 ;C < SKG P 0(U;( -C T=&C a "= > (!U; = <(
.MC K( = 0 := gK SK
( C G CzN( u
( SC :( {( (C MC SK(,
= 0 P 0(U
.MC SL-( = 0K := gK % + 4 EG( := K "= T 4 SKR := gK K G= &C 3C C;E SKGC%&C := ( T ( SKT,= P 0(U
.MC K( = 0 := gK JK = :K K TW&C CzN( P 0(U
5= P( C .V
( (U I ( 0K C !K E5N( ۚ !( U; C;< pK K = BCDC `
;C W
= &C C< P= DC ۖ ;L ) G( b iC" H iC" y F
}( 4= BC J(D MC SK = 0 ~ E MC SK;( 0 P 0(U C;< 'L "(E$ E5N( .'H "( P= G( := ( "= ;C < G h i(CLBDC !( ( ; L 1= T
.4( SKGBL ( F= < P= ( C h (zC UMN( C C W
P= C .:a "(&C _
a C< := K C h i(CL& ۚ ( "= T(
O G CN( ' g MC SLSL-0 _ C1 K&C4 EC V ( (U * ۗ p( ( 1= T P= G( J( P= G( !K C DC !K U; '( ;( = 0K P= G
SKG P 0(U qC C% ۗ J( >
H = AC P= G( MC KL = 0 q P G( V 1( R( > "= ;C < MC SKt 1= 0K := gK * H'"( P= G(
G .:H "(-GK _ H C< J(D V ( (U UMN( C&C ۗ ( G "-( S= 0 := ( "(;g= &C := K $
L 5=&C K$
( > P 0(U P 0((7 UMN(
:= 2L T ( SK"(,= .'H "( P= G( !K C DC !K U; '( ;( = 0K P= G ۗ !( U; M( KO P= G( := K 5KK = 0 Q "(= &C P= G( := K C MC C
.
H 2( 5 P= G( := 2L C G H i(G S= 0 {H,
; G P= G( =:2L C G ۚ !( U; P G( !K C EO G C a S= 0 J *(B 0 M &C ('= %C P= G(
Do you know?
The Surah was revealed during the last days of the Prophet’s stay at Makkah. The Muslims were prepared in these
verses to live in a separate Islamic Society. These verses describe their character in the new Islamic State. They are
required to run their affairs by mutual consultation. The verse := K "= T 4 SKR := gK K G= &C lays the foundation of political
system in an Islamic State. Dictatorship of a person or group is against such teachings of the Quran.
Worth Reading
There are some people who think after writing? Who are they and why do they think
after writing something?
http://www.mubashirnazir.org/PD/English/PE03-0006-Review.htm
Adherers MC SL2$
( = $
= GK Ornaments ( ";
( Adornment, gold,
luxury
K>KF
;C 1 .P( 0(= " !K E5{(DC J(5 kC DC (U UN( .MC KK1= * EG( 1 ¥ T J(E5N( !( G( S= %C !( "(TBC( :K "(g T=N( qC C% z N(
qb SK4 :K gK Q E
2 := gK Q T ( CK g K 1= EG ' T .MC SK1( = 0 := K U;1 C !( (-( < J(D n "%( T n (;C
.MC KD( C !( T( E5N( a
= ( Cg SLC% :K gK Q EC .V a (GK
PK = 5 ۚ h T4
= 4 MC SK$ ( - 0 := gK &C .:H "(< 3 P( "= 0= -C P G( 'H K 4 ;C < ML =-L Cg qC F5K CS= C SLC%
x1= T := K K 1= T C 7 ( E"( 8H 4 O / H 1= T @
S= DC := K 1= T 1= DC 4 ۚ "5= 3( "
J(D := K #
"(1G := K "= T = $
%C
K L 2 0 P= ( ; 1 ,
C 3n
( n EG&L ~ K E MC SL20 M C& CS= C .MC SK1 , = 0 EG( a "= > h
T4 K
= 4 ۗ 0( 7 = K
.MC SLi2( E0 "= ;C < x4K K xT ST=&C := ( *(SK"K( .MC K 0 "= ;C < 4( 1G H ED( P= G( n-L K := ( *(SK"K( P(
= E(T
.V
-( EK ; ( h
T4 = <( 3L >( ۚ "5= 3( "
K G EC h (zC ' L M N( ۚ nDK >= +K
'( "(E$ P( < 4 := K 5K "C := K E5N( .Pa 0(%C !K C S K DC x5Ck"= R !K C / = "-C 5K P(
= E ( z( P= < u K 1= 0 P= G
.PK 0(-C d i (DC 5 P( "= %C ( #
= 1= TK h
"= T J("= T "= C 0 qC C% 5Q CzN( E
.MC K= GK := K E5&C MC SK$ = 0
J = 1K (= * = &C E: 9K ( $ = *K 5=BCDC &C .MC SL( # = GK _ ( C1 J(D := 2L E5&C := K= ;C C z N( S= " :K 2L 1 C = 0 P= C
E5{(DC := gK 5= < (U h E0( 5K = &C .MC SK-( = GK := K = G( E5{(DC h
T( EPg 5 EG{(DC HV(GK qH C;t J(D MC C P= G
.MC K4( - GK := ( "= ;C <
S= ۖ h
G( S= -C ( h C a ( C !K E5N( .:H "(-$
= GK ¦ H W ( ;C < h E5N( ۖ h "= CN( J
( L& (U(T h = $( = = CD
CMK1= 0K n ( P(
= E M( KO P= G( ; 1 &C ;( K 4K P= G( h;( = %C P= G( 6 ; 4= &C P= G q BC= .MC SLBC$= *K
*(0(T := gK Q E;C DC .V ( C1 _4 qL SK4 J5N( qC C-DC !( i(;C G MC S= < = D( CN( *(0(T SKG ; 4= &C = -C C
:= K U;1 C _
( C1 (T := gK 5 > &C ۖ (>= &L P= G( K &C J g( UN( H 0 P= G( 7 := ( 0(5K G .MC SL2 = 0 = G( := gK CzN(
:K K = < #
C E;C DC .MC K= K C E5N( = <( ( < T( h ET4 C K O= K
( E$ ! 0&C 0 SLC% .MC SK1( = 0
.MC SL)2L = 0 := gK CzN( 8 _ C1
(1) Here 4 G is used as an adjective. The use indicates magnificence of that attribute. (2) A phrase is omitted due
to its perceptibility i.e. “A long time passed and they deviated from the truth.” (3) Makkah & Taif. Two great cities
of Arabian civilization. (4) “Satan” in previous words is singular but it indicates the entire generations of Satans. (5)
Two extreme directions of earth. (6) It is an eloquent expression. Ask previous prophets i.e. look at their scriptures.
(7) A M & ¬%5 '1D is omitted. (8) It indicates a series of punishments to the Pharaoh & his followers.
C;DC &C ۖ J(= * P= G( (, = * 4K 5=BC p( ( g = G( h K ; GK J( d "= C&C ( S= %C 0 qC C% !( G( S= %C J(D ML S= < =D( O 5
= &C I H g zC P= G( 3b 4 S( = &C !( "= ;C < J -( &L C=S;C DC .V
K (0K OK C20 C V a ( G S gK (U Cg P= G( a "= > 5&C = &C CMK( = *K
5SL E;C DC .V -( ( CD xGS= %C SK5C := K E5N( ۚ pK SK<CABCDC !K G S= %C 1 E?7 = CD V5(( - GK L 2C (C; !K 1 G Q
.P 0(>( ;( n;)CG n;C := gK ; 1 ,
DC .V 1( = &C := gK % BCDC := K = G( = -C 5=
h C pK SKT t G ۚ SgK = &C 2 a "= > K (C& SLC% .MC ( 0 !K = G( h GK S= %C CzN( n;)CG : 0= G PK T= _( t K EC
y #5 S= C .'C "( = N( J(( ;n )CG pK ; 1 !( "= ;C < = 1 5=&C a = < UN( S gK M N( .MC SK( > a S= %C := gK ' T ۚ n UN(
¦
b W( Cg ۚ M( S1K (E* T( UMK = * C;DC ( < E$;( :a ; 1( C !K E5N( .MC SL;L 7 = 0 } ( 4= BC J(D n 2C (C;G := 2L = G( ;1 ,
C
.V a (GK ¡K < := 2L C !K E5N( ۖ ML Ck"= E# :K 2L E5EK 0 C .:a "(-$ = GK
SL-E*CD ۖ !( "(D MC SL;( 7
= * (U / 1= T := 2L C P "TBL( ( 2
( (T := 2L Ki ( = %C qC C% 8
( "(T $
"(< Q EC
P= G( _K F
= BC ? ;C >= CD .:a "(-$
= GK ¦b W ( Cg ۚ pK KK<= CD := 2L T4 JT4 S gK ! U; UMN( .M( SK1"(A&C ! U;
.:H "(&C H S= 0 _( C< P= G( SK;C C P 0(U;( 'b 0= S DC ۖ := ( ("= T
UN( ¡K < / H 1= ( := K K 1= T H i(G S= 0 y U;>( BC CMK1K =#0 C := gK n = T := K "*(B * M &C C < E$ UN( MC KL = 0 ' g
.V ( ;( $
= GK SK5C *(0(T SKG P 0(U .3 MC SK5F = * := K5=&C C S= " :K 2L "= ;C <
Worth Reading!
How to get rid of poverty? Is there any shortcut available?
http://www.mubashirnazir.org/PD/English/PE03-0004-Poverty.htm
P= 2( C := gK = ;C C G .MC SK$;( = GK !( "(D := gK := K = < K EC 0K C .MC K(> : E _
( C< J(D V G( ( ,
= K UMN(
.V
( (U :K gK SK5C
; ( := L )C &C EP2( C (T := L i( = -C C .MC SL)( G := 2L E5N( qC C% ۖ h
T4 "= ;C < /
( - "( h
K (G 0 =O 5
;L K 4K ;C T ۚ =:gK S, = 5 := gK E( 9K $ = 5 C E5&C MC SK$= 0 = &C CMSKG( = GK E5{(DC xG= &C SKG T=&C = &C .MC SKg4( C
.MC SKK2 0 := ( 0= C
E< w
( = 1 _4 }
( 4= BC 8
( E$ _4 MC = K .P 0(T(1 qL E&C 5BCDC a C P(
= E;( MC C M N( ' %L
.MC SL( 0
J(D !a CN( ( E$ J(D (U S gK .MC K< SK0 (U :K K G S= 0 SL%C;0K E
SK1 ; 0 SKtSK70 := gK 4= C DC
pK = <( K "= T G }
( 4= BC 8
( E$ h
K ; GK !K C (U 4 * .:K "(;1 :K "(2 S gK ۚ !a CN( } ( 4= BC
.MC SK1 = *K !( "= CN( ( < E$ :K ; <(
P= G := K BC P= i(C .MC SK;C 1= 0 := gK (T ( R P= G UN( C < CE# !( 5(KO P= G( MC SK<= 0 P 0(U hK ;( = 0 C
' %L := K = < `
= C W
= CD .MC SKG( = 0K C a S= %C ( CK g UMN( _4 0 !( (;"(% 1 CMSL2DC = 0K E5BCDC ۖ !K U; EPLSL-"C := K -C ;C >
.MC SK;C 1= 0
S= $
DC ۚ 2 a C;
(1) It is an expression of astonishment.
(2) This is in the meaning of “Good bye”. Its example is in Surat-ul-Furqan: G S% MS;gº :A> zN.
There is a hidden threat in these words. It indicates the climax of Prophet’s :; !";< ^ ;W struggle just before his
migration from Makkah to Madina. It is Allah’s law to punish the direct addressees of a prophet after he comes out
of them. After one and a half year of Prophet’s migration, Allah’s punishment for Makkans appeared in the battle of
Badr when all of their main chiefs were killed. This punishment was extended to all pagans of Arabia who refused to
accept the Prophet. Details are available in Surat-ut-Taubah.
Worth Reading
How to conduct work for Islamic Da’wah? How a Da’wah
strategy should be developed? The article is in Urdu
language.
http://www.mubashirnazir.org/ER/L0005-00-Dawat.htm
Farm houses
H K4+K Amble, uncontrolled xSg= 4 So leave me alone, it is
J(5SF<D. is deleted M( SLF( <= CD
:
( 4 P= G UN( .MC K = 0K := gK C ni"= R nS= G P= < nS= G J(=0K C S= 0 .V 1( = &C := K *KC-"(G '( = C S= 0 UMN(
J( ; C .M( SLkK J(D J(;= 0 '( = K C .:( "(BC K 1AC .( S%EF 8 , R UMN( .:K "(
E FK 0(F1 S gK !K E5N( ۚ !K U;
h E5N( @ = zL .:( "( _
( C< P= G( !( ( &4 @ S= DC SW K E:L .:( "(, ( S CN( pK SL;(<= CD pK L>K .:( "(
.MC K= * !( T( := K= L G Cg UMN( .¤K ( 2C FK 0(F1 5=&C
h
(C C .V ;( T(C-GK @ H = = N( ~
H K = K P= G( MC SK$;0 .MH SK"<K 8 H E J(D .V H G( &C H C-G J(D V
-( EK UMN(
ۖ CLB C *S= UN( 8
S= "(D MC SL%L0 C .V (G( H ( CD '2L T( "(D MC SK<= 0 .VH <( 4H SKT( := gK = E+
.:K "(1 +K S= C S gK h
(zC ۚ h
T4 P= G( n;= DC .:( "(, _
C< := gK C%
.MC SK-( *= GK := K E5N( I
= -( *4= CD .MC KUC 0 := K U;1 C h
5($;( T( pK 5= E$0 E5{(DC
Do you know?
It is Allah’s law that He punishes the unbelievers addressees of a prophet’s within this
world and rewards the believer addressees of such prophet within the same world. It
becomes a hard proof that He will do the same with all human beings in the Hereafter. The
punishment was implemented on a few unbeliever pagans of Makkah during the battle of
Badr. After that, Allah blessed the believers by making them the dominant super power of
the Earth. This verse is a prophecy for that. Within 10 years after revelation of this Surah,
entire Arabian Peninsula came under their rule and within next 10 years, they defeated the
two superpowers (Rome & Persia) of that time. God blessed them with an area stretching
from present-day Pakistan in the East to Morocco in the West. It is described in more detail
in Surat-ul-Fath.
Silk ~
H K = K It will boil J(;= 0 An infernal tree with
bitter fruits
( S%EF
Wait I
= -( *4= Then drag him pK SL;(<= CD Dregs of oil, sediments '( = K
:= gK "
= G S 8
( (E SL;( < SKG P0(UC := K ;C 1 ,
= 5 M &C 8
( Ci"E$ SK
= P 0(U I $ (
= &C
T( d H 5 ' L F ,
= K(
(T } 4= BC 8
( E$ !K U; ;C > .MC SK2L = 0 G Q ۚ := K *KG
.MC SK;C 0K C := gK
= $ C
p( ( T ;C < 'C 1 !( (; %C !( 1( = ;C < : > H:; <( ;C < !K U; !K U;t
&C pK Sg !K CN( C 7 E* P( G 0=&C DC &C
.MC KUC * C;DC &C ۚ !( U; ( 1= T P= G( !( 0(= 0 P= DC 3n #(
:= gK M N( ۖ :H ; <( P= G( h
(C T( := K C G ۚ K g= E UN( 2L ;( = 0K G "
= 5 8
K SK5 "5= *K"
UN( J g( G SLC%
:= K= L M N( (T(T SK SLC% M &C UN( := K E,
K MC C G 8 H "T *K0 := ( "= ;C < ;C =*K CzN( .MC SL 0 UN(
.V
%( O( W
.MC SK;C 1= 0 C ~ ( E )C &C EP2( C !( "(D I 0=4 C ( G "-( ( S= 0 CN( := 2L 1K ,
= 0 E:L := 2L K"(0K E:L := 2L "(" = 0K K!U; '( %L
ۚ n "( H EG&L U'L * .MC SL;k( = K K $ 7 = 0 H i(G S= 0 L < E$ K SL-* S= 0 ۚ } ( 4= BC 8 ( E$ h K ; GK !( U;(
EL E5N( ۚ (T := 2L "= ;C < K k( = 0 TK( Cg .MC SL; 1= * := K= L G MC = F , = *K S= " T(( CN( < = *K H EG&L ' L
.MC SL; 1= * := K= L G
K$ ( = $
= 5
EG&C .V
K (K +K S= C S gK h (zC ۚ !( (
= 4 J(D := K T4 := K ;L >( = "KDC 8 ( (E SL;( < SKG P 0(U EGBCDC
.V
G( ( ,
= GK xGS= %C := K= L := *K= 2 = DC := 2L "= ;C < ;C = *K J(*0 P= 2L * := ;C DC &C KC C P 0(U
G C UN( PL 5 M N( L < E$ G (4= 5 G := K; %L "(D I 0=4 C L < E$ ¡
!( U; <= UMN( 'C "(% CzN(
S= " 'C "(% .MC SLF( = $ = 0 !( T( SK5C G := ( T( @
SL;( < G 8 K Ci" := K C T .V (-( "= $
= K T( PK
= 5
:= *K 7 E* :K 2L E5BCT( := 2L (zC .P 0(W ( 5 P= G( := 2L C G 4K E :K L B G Cg := 2L G( S= 0 Q C-( := K"($5 C := L $= 5
.MC SK1= $
= 0K := gK C = G( 1 MC SK 7= 0K C S= "CD ۚ "5= 3L "
:K 2L *=EC xFK gK !( U; (80
ۖ}
( 4= BC 8
( E$ J(D y 0( = 2( !K C .V
( C1 _4 }
( 4= BC _4 8
( E$ _4 K = !( U;;( DC
.:K "(2
FK 0(F1 S gK
(1) This is an example of 8 . The pagans were addressed but suddenly the direction of communication is
changed to describe that the punishment is going to arrive.
We record
K$( = $
= 5 Kneeled down like slaves n "( Time, age K g= E
h
i(CL& ۚ n 5( qC C% CzG : ; 1( SK*L& P 0(U;( SLC% ( = <( P= G( SK > CzN( E
h "= CN( 9K ( $ = 0 P= G := K = G(
' DC .:= gK S- * := gK * xgK := gK O + = g= P0(U .:= gK Q Sg= &C SK1E* := ( T(SL;%L ;C < !K U; 9 CA P 0(U
!K E5&C := ;C <= CD =:gK z( := K *=Q CzN( := K C E5BCDC ۚ AL R= &C Q = -C DC ۖ n = T := K "*(B * M &C C < E$ UN( MC KL = 0
.:= L S) G := 2L U;-C GK :K ;C 1= 0 !K U; ۗ 8
( G( = K V
(G( = K ; ( h
(5=C ( = ( = = !K U; UN( ! CN( C
P 0(U
0=&C4 ۙ qL -( "(D ( zL b 2C
= GK 3b 4 SK = C(F5=&L Cz{(DC ۖ 3b 4 SK = CF5K CS= C SKG P 0(U qL SL-0
ۚ
Worth Reading
What is ostentation and what is its impact on the personality of a person? What will be the impact
of ostentation on the Deeds Account of a person in the real life i.e. Hereafter? Read in English.
http://www.mubashirnazir.org/PD/English/PE02-0002-Ostentation.htm
W KC C P 0(U UMN( .:= 2L C<= &C SL;k( = *K C qC SKE SK1"(A&C ! U; SK1"(A&C SKG P 0(U 0&C 0
:K K5=&C :( ; E$ CN( SK<= * SK( * C;CD .:= K C !K U; ( = 0 P= ;C DC 4a UL := gK SK*G E:L !( U; '( "( P= <
SL-E* SKG( = *K M N( ۚ Sa = C I
a 1( C "5= 3L " E5N( .:= 2L C<= &C := L (0 P= C := 2L 1 G !K U; 1MC S= ;C <= BC
.:= 2L 5t
= &C
= ( 7
= 0K SL;7 = * := 2L (
= "KDC gSK2L BC$
= 0 M N( .:= 2L C SG= &C := 2L BC$
= 0 C := L 4 SK&L := 2L *(= 0K
ۚ !( $
( 5 P= < 'L 7
= 0 E5{(DC ' 7 = 0 P= G ۖ 'L 7
= 0 P= G := 2L = ( DC !( U; '( "( J(D SL-( = K( MC S= < = *K ( CK g := K5=&C g
.:= 2L CC)G= &C SK5SL20 C E:L := L "= C xGS= %C q ( = $ = 0 =SUS * M N( ۚ y -C L :K K5=&C J( !K U;
Worth Reading
Form of religious rituals is very important but their real spirit is more important. Read the details in:
http://www.mubashirnazir.org/PD/English/PE02-0017-Spirit.htm
3n 2 TK pK SK$ *K pK K%S *K pK K4F1 *K !( (SK4 !( U;(T SKG( = K( . x0(5 x#GK xg( R ; 4= &C E5N(
;C < r L 2L = 0 E5{(DC r
C 2C 5 P= DC ۚ := ( 0(0=&C @
S= DC !( U; K 0 ! U; MC SK10(0K E5N( h 5SK10(0K P 0(U UMN( .n;"(W&C
.x"(< x= &C !( "(*= "K$ DC ! U; !K "= ;C < g < T( DC = &C P= G ۖ !( $
( 5
d "= C G := ( ($( BCT( MC SLSL-0 ۚ C = ( = = CD 5SL;g= &C L SG= &C = ;C R _
( <= BC P G( MC SLU;7 K hC qL SL-"
!K U; MC C ' T ۚ x1 5 := 2L T( O 4&C = &C t := 2L T( O 4&C M N( ni"= R !( U; P G( := 2L C h K ;( = 0 P= DC ' %L ۚ := ( T(SL;%L J(D
J(D h (zC P 0+K xT&C := ( "(;g= &C CN( MC SKG( = K qL SKE I ;( -C = 0 P= C M &C := K= C ' T . x(> MC SL; 1= * T(
P 0(D( C2; ( 5= <= &C E5{(DC !( (SK4 !( U;(T P= G( = 0K := C P= G . 4x SKT xGS= %C := K= L ( S= E$ EPC := K= C := 2L T(SL;%L
x4SLC !K U; MC C ۚ y #0 P= G _ K 1 0K y #0 P= ( K ( = 0 ۚ } ( 4= BC 8 ( E$ h K ; GK !( U;( . x1(
SL0K M &C MC K0(0K ۖ := 2L 1= (E5 5K4zC gL>K B ( : 5(G CN( := K- ;C kC 5= CzN( MC SLU;7 K qL SL-" .x"(
4
MC SK-C 0 C SK5C ' T ۚ 5K$ K = * ' T MC SLSL-"$ DC ۖ 'L = %C P= G( !K U; qC C% := 2L (C C 5SK1(E* P= C ' %L ۚ !( U; C;C
.n;"(;%C UN(
SK1"(k*K M {(DC ۖ MC SK;( $= 0K = &C := K 5SL;*(C-*K H 0(R ~H B T J(L& H S= %C CN( MC S= < = K _ ( <= BC P G( V ( U;7
K ; ( ' %L
<= BC C;< d "= C .x"(&C xT C< := 2L T=1 0K 'L = %C P= G( := K"= US * C =SUS * M N( ۖ x$
x= &C !K U; :K 2L *(= 0K
8
H E !K ; >( = 0K !K CSK4 ! U; 9( k( 0K P= G ۗ a
/ ( 0( C;< C a
( <= BC C;< C a
.x"(&C xT C< !K T=1 0K UqS 0 P= G ۖ 4K 5=BC (
= * P= G( (, = *
C "(2E$ qC F 5=BCDC := ( T(SL;%L J(D G : ;( 1 CD 1 3( , E# = * h 5SK10(0K z N( V (G( = K P( < !K U; J t ( 4 = -C C
: 5(G !K U; :K L < .x"(2
xF0(F< !K U; MC C ۗ 5L>K B 0 3n )(C : 5(G .x0(%C x= DC := K TC&C := ( "= ;C <
:= 2L 0( = 0 V
(G( = K ; ( 3 n 0 MC SL2( := 2L = < ~
( E
( 0=&C E?C p( ( g := 2L C 'C E,1 DC 5L>K B * 2 3n )(C
. x0(%C H J= R 'L ;C < !K U; MC C ۚ T( !K U; ¦ C
&C = %C "= ;C < K4( - * := C 4 >= &L .x"(-$ = GK nA W (
(1) The famous “Treaty of Hudaybiya” is under discussion. The companions gave an oath of allegiance to the
Prophet before that treaty. Allah declared this treaty as a great victory in the first verse. After this treaty, Islam
spread to entire Arabian Peninsula and within four years, all Arabs entered into Islam. (2) It is a prophecy for future
which proved true in the next year. Muslims got great war spoils in the battles of Khyber & Hunain. (3) It is an
indication of the battle of Khyber in which one of the greatest enemies of Islam were defeated. It happened one year
after the treaty of Hudaybiya. (4) The conquest of Makkah.
Wicked x4SKT You respect him pK K%S *K You adhere to him pK K4F1 *K
P= G(
= ;C > = %C J(U !( U; C EK . x( 5 C "( MC K, ( 0 C E:L 4 TO= BC KSUS C KC C P 0(U :K 2L ;C *C% S= C
P= G( C U2G 1 P( k T( := K = < := 2L 0( 0=&C := 2L = < := K 0( 0=&C E?C (U S gK .n;0(= * !( U; ( E$ K ( , ( * P= C ۖ 'L = %C
. x"= ( T MC SL; 1= * T( !K U; MC C ۚ := ( "= ;C < := L C &C M &C ( 1= T
qb 4( CS= C ۚ !K U; ( G eC ;L = 0 M &C 2 nDSL21= G = (
( ,($ = P( < := L W KC C P 0(U :K gK
J(D !K U; 'C >( = "K( ۖ :H ; <( ( "= T( 3b E1 G := K = G( := 2L "( KDC := gK SiLkC * M &C := gK SK;C 1= * := C 8
a G( = GK ¥ $5( MC SKG( = GK
J(D KC C P 0(U 'C 1 z N( .3 x"(&C xT C< := K = G( KC C P 0(U T=U1 C SL;E0F * S= C ۚ y #0 P= G !( (
= 4
C ;( C := K G F &C V
(G( = K C;< !( (SK4 ;C < !K "(2 !K U; qC F 5=BCDC ( E";( g( , C E"(
C E"( K:( T(SL;%L
.x"(;< H J= R '2L T( !K U; MC C ۚ ;C g= &C T( E
&C SK5C S - E
V
-( ;
GK V
(G( !K U; Q R M N( ,($ = EP;L >K = C ۖ (T 4 0£= !K CSK4 !K U; @ W
= -C C
(U S gK .x0(%C x = DC h
(zC M( KO P= G( 'C 1 , DC SK;C 1= * := C G : ;( 1 DC ۖ MC SLD7* C P 0( -C GK := 2L y4K
. x"(R !( U;(T C C ۚ !( ;L P( 0 ;C < pK ( "K( P( 0(O K (T !K CSK4 'C 4= &C
n;
= DC MC SK= 0 xE,K x1U4K := gK * ۖ := K "= T y
4K 4( U2L C;< y ER( &C !K 1 G P 0(U ۚ !( U; qL SK4 a E GK
J(D := K ;L )CG ۚ 3( 4S= E J(D := K ;L )CG h
(zC ۚ O( SK,$ ( C&C P= G( := ( g( SKK J(D := gK "( ۖ x5 St = 4( !( U; P G(
:K ( T( °
C "("( 5 E4F I K ,( 1= 0K !( %( SK ;C < S = CD ° C ;C = = CD pK 4 + CD pK BCk R
>= &C
H 4= F C '( "(,5={(
.x"(< x= &C 3n ( = G := K = G( 8
( (E SL;( < SKG P 0(U !K U; < ۗ 4 U2L
(1) The valley of Hudaybiya situated near Makkah. (2) It is a q
indicating the seriousness of the pagan’s crime
that they stopped the animals of sacrifice to reach at their altar. Sacrificing animals near Ka’aba for God was an
established practice since Prophet Abraham $ 3S; !";< and stopping it was considered a great crime even by the
pagans. (3) It is the indication towards the great worldly punishment to the addressees of the Prophet :; !";< ^ ;W.
They were not punished because some of them reverted to Islam secretly and some of them were about to convert to
Islam. (4) The purpose of the journey to Makkah was to perform U’mrah. It was based on a dream of the Prophet.
Makkans stopped them to perform the pilgrimage. Negotiations resulted in the treaty of Hudaybiya which is declared
as “the great victory” in these verses. Next year, the Prophet & his companions performed the U’mrah and the
Prophet’s dream became true. (5) This allegory is available in the Gospel of Mathew, Chapter 13.
Worth Reading
What is the Quranic Concept of Human Life Cycle? Read the
details in: http://www.mubashirnazir.org/PN/R0001-Life.htm
$ < 1 H $5( P= G( ¥ $5( C := K = G( x"= > SK5SL20 M &C $ < H S= %C P= G( a S= %C = 7
$ = 0 C SKG P 0(U 0&C 0
ۚ M( 0={( 1= T @
K SK$L :K = ( d
i T( ۖ _
( C-BC(T KFT* C := 2L $ L 5=&C KF( ; * C ۖ EPK = G( x"= > EP2L 0 M &C
.MC SK(U :K gK h i(CLBDC I = K0 := C P= G
:= 2L
K 1= T I
= = 0 C SK$E$, * C ۖ :a N( PU / 1= T UMN( PU P G( x"= )(C SK(= SKG P 0(U 0&C 0
.:a "(
4 _ a ES* ! U; UMN( ۚ ! U; SL-E* ۚ pK SKKg= ( 2C DC x"= G !( "(>&C :
= C 'C L B 0 M &C := L K
&C I
( 0K&C ۚ x1= T
= <( := 2L G &C UMN( ۚ SLD4 1( 'C (%C 2 xTSK1RK := L ; 1 )C5=&L H C zC P= G( := L - ;C > E5N( ~
K E 0&C 0
.
a (> :a "(;< ! U; UMN( ۚ := L C-*=&C !( U;
M N( ۖ := 2L T(SL;%L J(D ML 0={( '( >K = 0 EC = ;C = &C SLSL% P= 2( C SKG( = *K := C ' %L ۖ EG 3 _ K <= BC ( CC%
SKG P 0(U MC SKG( = K E5N( .:a "(
4 4a SLC ! U; UMN( ۚ ni"= R := 2L (<= &C P= G( := 2L = ;( 0 C !K CSK4 ! U; SK1"(k*K
.MC SL%O( E :K gK h i(CL& ۚ !( U; '( "( J(D := ( $( L 5=&C := ( ( S G= BCT( Kg SKT*= 0 := C E:L !( (SK4 !( U;(T
.:a "(;< H J= R '2L T( !K U; ۚ (}4= BC J(D G 8 ( E$ JD( G :K ;C 1= 0 !K U; := 2L (0(T( ! U; MC SK;1 *K&C ' %L
M N( M( µ{(; ( := L g M &C := 2L "= ;C < PK 0 K!U; '( T ۖ := 2L G C;= N( EJ;C < SK * C ' %L ۖ SK;C = &C M &C h "= ;C < MC SK 0
.MC SL; 1= * T( a ( T !K U; ۚ } ( 4= BC 8 ( E$ I "= C :K ;C 1= 0 ! U; UMN( .V
%( O( W := K= L
(1) Pronouns for men include both men and women. In the Quran, generally instructions are given to both men and
women in the pronouns used for men. There are some places, where women were specifically instructed. It is in case
of those issues which are more common in women.
(2) The Arabs were scattered tribes who have been fighting against each other. Islam joined them into one nation.
This Surah has specifically targeted the practices of Arabs which instigate hatred. Muslims are not allowed to: be
proud of their clan; they should not disdain others; they should avoid bad nicknames; they should avoid spying on
others; they should avoid negative thinking about others; they should not backbite.
(3) This is an example of oN OS<. The uncivilized villagers were described at start of the Surah. Now they are
discussed again.
Worth Reading
What is the difference between an extremist and a moderate person? Which
approach is better: Extremism or Moderatism?
http://www.mubashirnazir.org/PD/English/PE02-0015-Extremist.htm
Al Hamdulillah, you have completed the all five levels of this course. Completing this course does not
mean that your study ends here. One should continuously learn from cradle to grave. We’ll advise you
the following in order to enrich your Arabic Language.
• Recite the Holy Quran daily. Try to completely read one Surah in one sitting. Ponder into its
meanings. Think about the metaphors used. Imagine yourself as one of its direct audience. Don’t
look at the translation before trying to understand the Quran itself. If a word is new for you, first
look at its meaning in the dictionary. After completing your work, look at the translation to confirm
your understanding.
• Study Ahadith of the Prophet :; ! !";< ^ ;W regularly in Arabic. Follow the procedure
mentioned above.
• Study as much books in Arabic as possible.
• Read the headlines in an Arabic newspaper daily. A lot of Arabic newspapers are available on
internet.
• Read different research journals in Arabic. A lot of them are available on internet.
• Frequently consult Arabic dictionaries.
• Read a book on M- _ <N and M- T. It will help you in applying the principles of :;<
S . Various books are available on these topics on www.waqfeya.net .
• If you want to express yourself in Arabic, develop your writing skills by:
• Translate an Arabic passage into English / your native language.
• Close the book containing that passage.
• Translate your translation back to Arabic.
• Compare your Arabic with that written in the book to identify your mistakes. In a few
days, you’ll feel that you can write in Arabic.
Learning never ends, so continue the above-mentioned steps for the rest of your life. May Allah
help us in understanding His religion. May Allah bless all of us.
Worth Reading
Personality Development Program. A series of articles at
http://www.mubashirnazir.org/PD/Personalityenglish.htm