Double Negatives Make A Positive: An Analysis of Article 56, Paragraph 4 of The Family Code of The Philippines

POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES
PAGE
DOUBLE NEGATIVES MAKE A POSITIVE: AN ANALYSIS OF ARTICLE 56,

PARAGRAPH 4 OF THE FAMILY CODE OF THE PHILIPPINES
A Thesis
Presented to the
COLLEGE OF LAW
MANILA, PHILIPPINES
In Partial Fulfillment
Of the Requirements of the Degree
JURIS DOCTOR
by
FEBRIE M. SAN DIEGO

April 2020
PAGE
CERTIFICATE OF ORIGINALITY
I hereby declare that this submission is my own work and that, to

the best of my knowledge and belief, it contains no material previously
published or written by another person nor material to which to a substantial
extent has been accepted for award of any other degree or diploma of a
university, college or other institute of higher learning, except where due
acknowledgment is made in the text.
I also declare that the intellectual content of this thesis is the

product of my work, even though I may have received assistance from others on
style, presentation and language expression.
Febrie M. San Diego Atty. Ernesto Salao

Name of Advisee Name of Advisor
April ___, 2020 April ___, 2020

Date Date
PAGE
APPROVAL SHEET
This Thesis hereto entitled “DOUBLE NEGATIVES MAKE A POSTIVE: AN ANALYSIS

OF ARTICLE 56, PARAGRAPH 4 OF THE FAMILY CODE OF THE PHILIPPINES”
prepared and submitted by Febrie M. San Diego in partial fulfillment of the
requirements for the degree of JURIS DOCTOR has been examined and is
recommended for acceptance and approval for ORAL EXAMINATION.
_________________
ADVISOR
Approved by the Committee on Oral Examination with a grade of __________ on

________________.
_________________________
Atty. Rodel Taton
CHAIR
_______________________________ ___________________________
MEMBER MEMBER
Accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of JURIS

DOCTOR.
Atty. Gemy Lito L. Festin, Ll.B.,Ll.M.

Dean, College of Law
April __, 2020
PAGE
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
PAGE
ABSTRACT
This section is limited to 100-150 words (approximately 12-15 lines), singly

spaced and must include at least four (4) keywords.
The paper aims to review
Keywords: law, education, justice, equality

PAGE
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
Certificate
Prefatory Note (Optional) 1
1.0 Problem Rationale 4

Introduction 4
Statement of the Problem 6
Objectives 7
Significance 8
Scope and Limitations 9
2.0 The Research Literature

2.1 Literature Review 7
2.2 Theoretical Framework 18

2.3 Research Paradigm (Simulacrum or Hypothesized Model) 23
3.0 Research Methods 24
3.1 Research Designs (…example for mix methods) 25

3.1.1 Case Study Design (…for example) 25
3.1.2 Meaning 25
3.1.3 Selection/Subjects and Study Site 26
3.1.4 Data Measure 27
3.1.5 Data Gathering Procedure 28

3.1.6 Ethical Consideration 28
3.1.7 Mode of Analysis (…for Qualitative Research) 28
3.2.1 Descriptive-Correlational (…for example) 28

3.2.2 Meaning 29
3.2.3 Subjects and Study Site 29
3.2.4 Data Measure/Instrumentation 30
3.2.5 Data Gathering Procedure 31
3.2.6 Ethical Considerations (VERY IMPORTANT section!) 32
3.2.7 Data Analysis (…for Quantitative Research) 32
References 33
Examples only! (remove those not applicable)
Appendix I: Permit to Conduct the Interviews 37
PAGE
Appendix II: Request for Pertinent Data 38
Appendix III: Informed Consent for Research Participants 39
Appendix IV: Informed Consent for Research Participation
Recruited Concept Mapping Participants 40
Appendix V: Survey Questionnaires 41
Appendix VI: The Interview Protocol 44

Appendix VII: The Interview Protocol for Tutors/Reviewers 46
Appendix VIII: The Interview Protocol 47
Appendix IX: Concept Mapping Instrument 48
Appendix X: Documentary Analysis 49
Appendix XI: Timetable for Research 50

Appendix XII: Budget Proposal 51
Curriculum Vitae 52
PAGE
CHAPTER 1
THE PROBLEM RATIONALE
This chapter must be clear and logical in describing succinctly the trends
in the field that render the chosen topic problematic. This chapter must end with
the delineation of the research barriers or limitations of the study, (if possible,
substantial, ethical, methodological, and practical) that the candidate may come
across in the conduct of the study. The last two paragraphs must be devoted to
research impediments (barriers) and limitations of the study.
1.1.Introduction
1.2.Statement of the Problem

1.3.Objectives
1.4.Significance
1.5. Scope and Limitations
1.6. Definition of Terms
PAGE
CHAPTER 2
THE RESEARCH LITERATURE
This chapter includes all types of materials reviewed, conceptual
literature which came from books. Related studies both local and foreign
consisting mainly of peer reviewed journals. Your aim is to show how the
present study relates to the existing knowledge and previous studies in terms of
both similarities and differences. The formal sub-sections for this chapter are;
2.1 Review of the Literature
Must be comprehensive in the light of the chosen variables with a view
to surfacing the research blankspots (unexplored area) and blindspots
(conflicting areas in the literature).

PAGE
CHAPTER 3
THE RESEARCH METHODS
This chapter must include details of your experimental methodology. Points to
highlight includes;  Description of the following; (1) research design, (2) study
site, (3) selection of samples, (4) data/outcome measures , data collection
procedure, (5) ethical consideration and (6) data/mode of analysis; and  Must
be strongly supported by the appendices that contain the instruments or corpus
of data to be used. The example shown in the Table of Contents is for a Case
study AND Descriptive-Correlational designs. If there is only one method to be
used, a sample entry with sub-sections can be;
3.1 Case Study Research Design (…for example)

3.1.1 Meaning
3.1.2 Selection/Subjects and Study Site
3.1.3 Data Measure
3.1.4 Data Gathering Procedure
3.1.5 Ethical Consideration
3.1.6 Mode of Analysis
PAGE
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Arrange all literature actually cited in chapters 1 to 3, arrange them
ALPHABETICALLY (NOT NUMBERED)and strictly use APA style entries. Sample
entries for books, journals, book edition and internet source are shown below
in that order;
Baxter, C. (1997). Race Equality in Health Care and Education. Philadelphia:
Ballière Tindall.
Gaudio, J. L., & Snowdon, C. T. (2008). Spatial Cues More Salient Than Color Cues
in Cotton-Top Tamarins (Saguinus oedipus) reversal learning. Journal of
Comparative Psychology, 122, 441-444. doi:10.1037/0735-7036.122.4.441
Hyde, J. S.,& Delamater, J. (2008). Human Sexuality (10th ed.) New York:
McGraw-Hill.
Research Initiatives. (n.d.). Retrieved January 11, 2007, from MIT, Comparative
Media Studies website, http://cms.mit.edu/research/index.php

PAGE
PAGE
Curriculum Vitae
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POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES

DOUBLE NEGATIVES MAKE A POSITIVE: AN ANALYSIS OF ARTICLE 56,

FEBRIE M. SAN DIEGO

I hereby declare that this submission is my own work and that, to

I also declare that the intellectual content of this thesis is the

Febrie M. San Diego Atty. Ernesto Salao

April ___, 2020 April ___, 2020

This Thesis hereto entitled “DOUBLE NEGATIVES MAKE A POSTIVE: AN ANALYSIS

Approved by the Committee on Oral Examination with a grade of __________ on

Accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of JURIS

Atty. Gemy Lito L. Festin, Ll.B.,Ll.M.

This section is limited to 100-150 words (approximately 12-15 lines), singly

The paper aims to review

Keywords: law, education, justice, equality

1.0 Problem Rationale 4

2.0 The Research Literature

2.2 Theoretical Framework 18

3.0 Research Methods 24

3.1 Research Designs (…example for mix methods) 25

3.1.5 Data Gathering Procedure 28

3.2.1 Descriptive-Correlational (…for example) 28

Appendix VI: The Interview Protocol 44

Appendix XI: Timetable for Research 50

THE PROBLEM RATIONALE

research impediments (barriers) and limitations of the study.

1.2.Statement of the Problem

THE RESEARCH LITERATURE

This chapter includes all types of materials reviewed, conceptual

2.1 Review of the Literature

Must be comprehensive in the light of the chosen variables with a view

to surfacing the research blankspots (unexplored area) and blindspots

(conflicting areas in the literature).

THE RESEARCH METHODS

This chapter must include details of your experimental methodology. Points to

site, (3) selection of samples, (4) data/outcome measures , data collection

be strongly supported by the appendices that contain the instruments or corpus

study AND Descriptive-Correlational designs. If there is only one method to be

used, a sample entry with sub-sections can be;

3.1 Case Study Research Design (…for example)

Arrange all literature actually cited in chapters 1 to 3, arrange them

ALPHABETICALLY (NOT NUMBERED)and strictly use APA style entries. Sample

Baxter, C. (1997). Race Equality in Health Care and Education. Philadelphia:

in Cotton-Top Tamarins (Saguinus oedipus) reversal learning. Journal of

Comparative Psychology, 122, 441-444. doi:10.1037/0735-7036.122.4.441

Media Studies website, http://cms.mit.edu/research/index.php

Limit to one (1) page !

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