Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Maharashtra University of Health Sciences, Nashik
Maharashtra University of Health Sciences, Nashik
AND WHEREAS, the University has decided to conduct the First Year
P.C.B.Sc.Nursing Examinations in first half of 1999-2000 and Second Year P.C.B.Sc.
Nursing Examination in first half of 2000.
(2) These directions shall come into force with effect from the date of its issuance.
(4) The Examinations referred to in paragraph 3 shall be held twice a year at such
places and on such dates as may be appointed by Board of Examinations.
(5) An applicant for admission to examination shall fulfill criteria as prescribed by
Govt. of Maharashtra from time to time as in Appendix - A appended herewith GR
of admission.
(7) The course contents of the P.C. B.Sc. Nursing shall be as per appendix B appended
herewith.
(8) The detail course content for each subject shall be as per appendix C appended
herewith.
(13) Vacation : Total Eight weeks in a year which includes Two weeks Diwali
Vacation, Two weeks Christmas Vacation and Four weeks summer vacation as
prescribed by Maharashtra University of Health Sciences,Nashik from time to time
.
Students will be given all public holidays declared by the State Government of
Maharashtra/Maharshtra University of Health Sciences, Nashik
Appendix ‘B’
Courses of Study First Year P.C.B.Sc. Nursing
Appendix ‘D’ I
Scheme of Examination
Theory Paper
1. Comprehensive Nursing 3 Hrs. 25 75 100
2. Medical Surgical Nursing 3 '' 25 75 100
3. Maternal Nursing 3 '' 25 75 100
4. Child Health Nursing 3 '' 25 75 100
5. Microbiology 3 '' 25 75 100
6. Psychology 3 '' 25 75 100
* 7. Sociology (college exam.) 3 '' 25 75 100
Practicals
1 Medical Surgical Nursing -- 25 75 100
2. Maternal Nursing -- 25 75 100
3. Child Health Nursing -- 25 75 100
Practicals
1. Community Health Nursing - 25 75 100
2. Psychiatric & Mental Health Nursing - 25 75 100
*3. Introduction to Nursing Research & - 50 - 50
Project
Appendix ‘D’ II
First Year P.C.B.Sc. Nursing
Scheme of Examination for First Year P.C.B.Sc. Nursing
Appendix ‘F’
College Examinations
First Year
Sociology
Second Year
1. Nursing Research + Statistics
2. Library Sciences
3. Computer Training
4. Research Project - Practical + Viva
Note : The individual university and its Board of Studies has the previlege of
changing the sequence of subject or making addition and deletion of any course
of study provided that the subject matter or content is covered at some phase of
the programme.
Appendix F : For internal assessment separate evaluation forms are enclosed for First
year and Second year separately.
Demonstrator (1:10)
1. Community Health
Nursing 1 1 1 5
2. OBS & GYN Nursing 1 1 1 3
3. Paediatric Nursing &
Child Health 1 1 1 3
4. Psychiatric Nursing 1 1 1 2
5. Medical-Surgical Nursing
including Fundamentals 2 3 4 3
4. All teachers of nursing other than principal and vice-principal should spend at
least 4 hours in the clinical area for clinical teaching and / or supervision of care
every day.
Other Staff
(To be reviewed and revised and rationalised keeping in mind the mechanisation
and contract service)
Ministerial
(a) Administrative Officer 1
(b) Personnel Assistant 1
(c) Office superintendent 1
(d) PA to Principal 1
(e) Stenographers to professor 2
(f) Accountant / Cashier 1
(a) Librarian 2
(b) Library Attendents 3
Hostel
(a) Wardens 2
(b) House Keepers 2
(c) Cooks, Bearers, Sweepers
according to ratio as
given in other University
Student hostel 2
(d) Ayas 4
(e) Watchman/chowkidars Depends on structural facilities
(f) Gardeners & Dhobi (desirable) ---------"---------
Prospectus of
First Year P.C. B.Sc. Nursing
Appearing in First half of 1999
[ 1998 ]
Appendix 'C'
COMPREHENSIVE NURSING
First Year Theory - 60 Hours
Practicals - 100 hours
COURSE DESCRIPTION
OBJECTIVES
1. Identify professional aspects of Nursing.
2. Explain Theories of Nursing.
3. Identify ethical aspect of Nursing profession.
4. Utilise steps of nursing process.
5. Identify the role of nurse in various levels of health services.
6. Appreciate the significance of quality assurance in Nursing.
7. Explain current trends in health and Nursing.
COURSE CONTENTS
UNIT - I
Development of Nursing as a profession and its philosophy. Objectives and
responsibilities of a graduate nurse. Trends influencing nursing practice,
expanded role of the nurse. Development of nursing education in India and
trends in Nursing education - professional organisations, ten years planning.
UNIT - II
Ethical and legal issues in Nursing practice, trends in planning Nursing practice,
expanded role, concept of health and illness, effects on the person, stress and
adaptation.
Health care concept and Nursing care concept, developmental concept, need,
roles and problems of the developmental stages of individual - Newborn, infant,
toddlers, preadolescent, adolescent, adulthood, middle age, old age.
UNIT - III
Theory of Nursing practice - Metaparadigm of Nursing - characterised by for
central concept, i.e. Nurse, person (Client / patient) health and environment.
Five theories Virginia Hendersons Theory, Imogene King's General system
framework, Dorothy Orem's self care framework, Martha Rogers Science of
Unitary human beings/Newmans/theory.
UNIT - IV
Nursing process Assessment : Tools for Assessment, Methods, Recording,
Planning, Techniques for planning care, types of care plans. Implementation :
Different approaches to care, organisation and implementation of care,
recording. Evaluation : Tools for evaluation, process of evaluation.
UNIT - V
Quality assurance : Nursing standards, Nursing Audit, total quality management.
Standing orders.
UNIT - VI
Epidemiology
Definition - concepts, Aims, objectives, methods, principles,
- Epidemiology - Theories and models.
- Application of Epidemiology, principles and concepts in community Health.
UNIT - VII
Primary health care concept, community oriented Nursing, holistic Nursing,
primary Nursing concept. Family oriented Nursing concept. Problem oriented
Nursing concept, progressive patient care concept.
UNIT - VIII
Health Education : Aims concepts and scope of health education. National plan
for health education, communication techniques, methods and media for health
education programme, planning for health education and role of nurse.
Practicals - At least 2 health talks by each student.
REFERENCES :-
COURSE DESCRIPTION
The purpose of this course is to widen the students knowledge and develop
proficiency in caring for patients with medical surgical problems. This course
includes review of relevant anatomy and physiology, pathophysiology in medical
surgical disorders and the Nursing management of these conditions.
OBJECTIVES
(1) Explain relevant anatomy and physiology of various systems of the body.
(2) Explain pathophysiology and biochemistry, biophysics in various disorders, in
applied form.
(3) Explain the actions, side effects and Nursing implications in administering drugs
in various disorders.
(4) Discuss the various advancement in diagnosis, treatment and care of patients
with medical surgical conditions.
(5) Develop skill in giving comprehensive Nursing care to patients following the
steps of Nursing process.
(6) Assist the patient and his family in identifying and meeting their own health
needs.
(7) Assist for different diagnostic procedures and operations related to medical
surgical conditions.
(8) Appreciate the role of the nurse in the medical surgical health team in the
hospital and in the community. (referral follow-up camps)
(9) Appreciate her role in physiotherapy, occupational therapy and rehabilitation.
COURSE CONTENTS
UNIT - I
Introduction to medical surgical Nursing -
- Review of concepts of comprehensive Nursing care in medical surgical
conditions.
- Nurse, patient and his family.
- Functions of nurse in OPD, ward and special departments.
UNIT - II
Nursing management of patients with specific problems -
- Fluid and electrolyte imbalance
- Fever
- Shock
- Unconsciousness
- Pain
- Acute illness
- Chronic illness
- Terminal illness
- Age related illness
- Pre and post operative care.
UNIT - III
Nursing management of patient with neurological & neuro surgical
conditions. Review of Anatomy and Physiology of the Nervous System.
- Pathophysiology, diagnostic procedures and management of Cerebrovascular
accidents,
Cranial, spinal and peripeheral neuropathies.
Headaches and intractable pain,
Epilepsy, infections and inflamatory diseases and trauma of Nervous system.
Recent advances in diagnostic and treatment modalities
Drugs used in these disorders.
Incontinence of urine / feaces
UNIT - IV
Nursing management of patients with cardiovascular
problems. Review of Anatomy & Physiology of Cardio
vascular system. Pathophysiology, diagnostic procedures.
management of ischacmic heart diseases, Myocardial
infarction, cardiac arrhythmias, congestive heart failure. Rheumatic and other
Valvular heart diseases.
Endocarditis, cardiomypathies, congenital heart diseases.
Hypertension, Heart Block, cardiac emergencies - Cardiac arrest, acute
pulmanary oedema, cardiac tamponade, cardiogenic shock, Anemia and
periphero vascular disorders, recent advancement in cardiology.
UNIT - V
Nursing management of patients with respiratory problems.
- Review of Anatomy and Physiology of Respiratory system.
- Pathophysiology, diagnostic procedures and management of upper respiratory
tract infections
Dyspnoea and cough.
Bronchitis
Asthama
Emphysema
Bronchiectasis
Pneumonia
Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Lung abscess
pleural effusion
Tumours and cysts
Chest injuries
Respiratory arrest and insufficiency
Pulmonary embolism
COPD
Drugs used in the management of these patients.
Special respiratory therapies
UNIT - VI
Nursing management of patients with renal problems. -
Review of anatomy and physiology of the urinary system.
- Pathophysiology, diagnostic procedures and management of :-
- Nephritis
- Renal culculus
- Acute renal failure; Chronic renal failure.
- End stage of renal diseases
- Special procedures and renal transplant
- Drugs used in management of these patients
UNIT - VII
Nursing management of patients with problems of the Digestive system.
- Review of anatomy and physiology of gastrointestinal systems & Accessary
organs, Pathophysiology, diagnostic procedure and management of :-
G.I.Bleeding
- Peptic ulcer
- Infections
- Acute abdomen
- Colitis, Gastric ulcer, duodenal ulcer
- Cholecystitis
- Hepatitis, Hepatic coma and cirrhosis of liver
- Portal Hypertention.
- Pancreatitis.
- Tumours
- Drugs used in the management of these patients
UNIT - VIII
Nursing management of patient with endocrine problems.
- Review of Anatomy and Physiology of endocrine system.
- Pathophysiology, diagnostic procedures & Management of :-
- Thyroid disorders
- Diabetes mellitus
- Diabetic insipidus
- Adrenal tumours
- Pituatory disorders
- Drugs used in the Management of patients with endocrine problems
UNIT - IX
Nursing management of patients with musculo skeletal problems :-
- Review of Anatomy and Physiology
- Pathophysiology, diagnostic procedures & management of :-
- Arthritis, osteomylitis, bursitis,
- Fractures, dislocation and trauma
- Prolopsed disc
- Osteomalacia and Osteoporosis
- Tumours
- Amputation
- Drugs used in the management of there patients.
- Prosthesis and Rehabilitation
UNIT - X
- Nursing management of patients with disorders of female reproductive system
- Review of Anatomy & Physiology of reproductive system
- Disorders of menstruation
- Infections of the genital tract
- Benign and malignant tumors of the Genital tract
- R. V. F., V. V. F.,
- Climatic changes and associated problems
UNIT - XI
Nursing management of patient with oncological disorders.
- Types of neoplasms and related pathophysiology
- Diagnostic procedures
- Modalities of treatment and nurses role
- Special therapies, chemotherapy and Radiotherapy
- Preventive measures and other therapies
UNIT - XII
Nursing management of patients with burns
Nursing management of patients with reconstructive surgeries
UNIT - XIII
Nursing management of patients with immonological disorders including
HIV/AIDS
UNIT - XIV
Nursing management of patients with skin - diseases.
Review of Anatomy & Physiology of skin.
Principles in treatment of skin diseases
Acne vulgaris
Eczema
Parasitic infection
Pamphigus
Papillo - squamous disorder - psoriasis
Leprosy
S.T.D.
S.L.E.
Vitiligo
Nurses role in prevention of skin diseases
A.I.D.S.
UNIT - XV
Nursing management of patients with eye problems.
Review of Anatomy and physiology
Examination of Eye Pathophysiotherapy, diagnostic procedures and management
of :-
- Diseases of conjunctiva, cornea, sclera
- Diseases of the retina.
- Glucoma.
- Eye injuries.
- Disorders of vision.
- Cataract, causes, pre and post operative management
- Retinal detachment.
- Blindness, causes & prevention
- Strabismus.
- Common drugs used in Eye treatment
UNIT - XVI
Nursing management of patients with E.N.T. problems.
Review of Anatomy and Physiology of the ear
Disorder of external ear and their management
a. impacted cerumen
b. Foreign bodies
c. Neoplasms
d. Congenital deformities
e. Diseases of the middle ear, mastoid and management
Acute otitis media
Chronic suppurative otitis media
Acute and chronic mastoiditis and pre and post operative
management otosclerosis
Disorder of the inner Ear
Dizziness and vertigo
Hearing inpairment
DISEASES OF NOSE
Review of Anatomy and physiology of nose
Common disorder of the nose and their management
Epistaxis
Deviated Nasal septum
Acute and chronic Rhinitis
Acute and chronic sinusitis
Nasal polyps and growths
DISEASES OF THROAT
Review of anatomy and physiology of throat
Common condition and their management
Adenoids
Naso-pharyngeal growths, benign and malignant
Tonsillitis, Acute and chronic
Peritonsillar abscess and retro - pharyngeal abcess
Laryngitis, larayngeal oedema and growth
Tracheostomy indications pre and post operative management.
UNIT - XVII
Nursing in emergencies -
- Cardiac emergency
- Respiratory emergency
- Trauma
- Poisoning
- Crisis management
- Adrenal crisis
- Thyroid crisis
- Hypertensive crisis
- Disaster management.
PRACTICUM
According to the required learning experiences, students will be rotated in the
selected areas like cardio Thorasic, Neurology, neuro-surgery, Nephrology,
Urology, Orthopaedics, Gynaecological, Oncology, Burns and reconstructive,
surgical units. Through out their placement in Clinical areas, the students will
be given patients assignment. They will Practice, Patient centred comprehensive
Nursing. Each student is required to give planned health teachings, conduct
Clinical teaching, case presentation drug study.
REFERENCES
MATERNAL NURSING
Theory - 60 hrs.
Placement - First Year Practical - 200 hrs.
COURSE DESCRIPTION
OBJECTIVES
(4) Identify and manage high risk pregnancy, labour and post natal mother.
(5) Teach, guide, supervise the Basic Nursing students and help in continuing
education.
(6) Implement family welfare programme.
COURSE CONTENTS
UNIT - I
- Introduction and Historical review.
- Planned parenthood.
- Maternal morbidity and mortality rates.
- Legislations related to maternal benefits, MTP act, Family Welfare Programme.
- Safe motherhood.
- Reproductive child health.
UNIT - II
- Review of anatomy and physiology of female reproductive system.
- Review of physiology and management of pregnancy labour and puerperium.
UNIT - III
- Management of newborn baby and high risk approach to a new born baby.
UNIT - IV
- Management of minor ailments associated with pregnancy.
- Management of major ailments associated with pregnancy.
- High risk approach during pregnancy, labour and puerperium.
- Diseases associated with pregnancy and its management.
- Pregnant women with HIV and AIDS.
- Abnormal labour (malposition and malpresentation)
- Complications and management during labour.
- Management in post-natal period.
- Complications and management in PNC period.
- Breast feeding.
UNIT - V
- Drugs used in pregnancy, during labour and post partum period.
UNIT - VI
- National family welfare programme and role of nurse.
- National programme for welfare of women.
- Infertility and its management.
- Problem associated with pregnancy, labour and post - partum period (e.g.
unwanted pregnancy, unwed mothers)
PRACTICAL
- Write two case studies and two care plans by each candidate.
- Give atleast two health talks to mothers.
- Follow nursing process in providing nursing care to 3 to 6 patients.
- Practice of following nursing procedures :
- ANC, PNC, Examination.
- PV examination
- Normal delivery
- Stitching of episiotomy.
(For male candidate if he has not done midwifery in GNM programme,
minimum conduction of ten deliveries)
- Motivation for family for adopting planned parenthood and family planning
methods.
- Assist in various diagnostic and therapeutic procedures including IUD insertion
and removal.
- Practice above knowledge in community health clinical experience.
VISIT
- Welfare management for women and write observation report
REFERENCES
1) Benet - Myles Textbook for Midwives
2) Dawn - /textbook of Obstetrics
COURSE DESCRIPTION
OBJECTIVES
COURSE CONTENTS
UNIT - I
- Introduction.
- Modern concept of child care.
- Internationally accepted rights of the child.
- National policy and legislation in relation to child health and welfare.
- National programmes related to child health and welfare.
- Changing trends in hospital care, preventive, promotive and curative aspects of
child health.
- Child morbidity and child mortality rates.
- Differences between adult and child.
- Hospital environment for a sick child.
- Role of paediatric nurse in caring for a hospital fed child.
- Principles of pre and post operative care of infants and children.
- Paediatric nursing procedures.
UNIT - II
- The healthy child.
- Growth and development from birth to adolesence.
- Meeting the needs of normal children through the stages of development and
parental guidance.
- Nutritional needs of children and feeding of infants and children - breast feeding,
supplementary and artificial feeding and weaning.
- Accidents - principle causes and prevention.
- Value of play and selection of play material.
- Preventive immunization.
UNIT - III
- High risk approach.
- Nursing care of a neonate.
- Nursing care of a normal newborn.
- Neonatal resuscitation.
- Nursing management of common neonatal disorders.
- Gastrointestinal infestations.
- Cardiovascular problems - congenital defects and rheumatic fever.
- Respiratory Problems
- Genitourinary disorders - Nephrotic Syndrome, wilm's tumor, infection and
congenital disorders.
- Neurological infection and disorders - convulsion, epilepsy meningitis
hydrocephallus spine bifida.
- Endocrine disorders - Juvenile Diabetes Mellitus.
- Hematological disorders - Anaemia, thalassemia, ITP. Leukemia, hemophilia.
- Orthopedic disorders - club feet, hip dislocation and fracture.
- Disorders of skin, eye and ears.
- Common communicable diseases in children, their identification, nursing
management in hospital and at home and prevention.
- Paediatric emergencies - poisoning, foreign bodies, hemorrhage, burns and
drowning.
UNIT - IV
- Management of behaviour disorders in children.
- Management of handicapped children.
- Mentally handicapped.
- Socially handicapped.
PRACTICUM
The student will :
- Be posted in pediatric medical and surgical ward, OPD in hospital and health
centre and neonatal unit.
- Visit a centre for handicapped children and child welfare centre and write
observation report.
- Write an observation study of normal children at various age groups in
home/Nursery school/Creche.
- Follow nursing process in providing care to 3-6 children.
- Write at least two nursing care studies and do a presentation.
- Give two planned health teachings, one in hospital and one in OPD / health
centre.
- Practice the following nursing procedure.
- Taking pediatric history.
- Physical assessment of children.
- Baby bath.
- Feeding.
REFERENCES
1) Nelson - Textbook of Paediatrics
2) Marlows - Textbook of Paediatrics
3) Achar S.T. - Textbook of Paediatrics in tropical conuntries.
MICROBIOLOGY
Theory - 60 hrs.
Placement - First Year Practical - 30 hrs.
COURSE DESCRIPTION
This course reorients the student to the fundamentals of microbiology and its
various sub-divisions. It provides opportunities to gain skill in handling and use of
microscope for identifying the various micro-organisms. It also provide opportunities
to safe handling of materials containing harmful bacteria and methods of destroying
micro-organisms.
OBJECTIVES
COURSE CONTENT
UNIT - I
Structure and classification of microbes.
Morphlogical types.
Size and form of bacteria.
Motility.
Classification of Micro-organism.
Lab Practical
Use and care of microscope
Common examination : smear, blood, yeast, moulds.
UNIT - II
Identification of micro-organisms
Discussion of laboratory methods
Diagnosis of bacterial diseases.
Lab Practical
Staining technique - gram staining, acid fast staining, hanging drop preparation.
UNIT - III
Growth and nutrition of microbes
Temperature
Moisture
Blood
Lab Practical
Preparation of media and culture technique
collection, handling and transportation of various specimen.
UNIT - IV
Destruction of micro-organisms
Sterilization and disinfection.
Chemotherapy and antibiotics
Effects of heat and cold.
Hosp. infection control procedure and role of nurse
UNIT - V
Disease producing micro-
organisms Gram positive bacilli
Tuberculosis and Leprosy
Anaerobes
Cocci
Spirochaete
Ricketasiae
Lab Practical
Identification and study of the following bacteria - strepto-cocci, pneumococci,
and staphylococci, coryne-bacteria, spirochetes and gonococci, enteric bacteria
and uninary organisms, posting in infection control dept.
UNIT - VI
Pathogenic fungi
Dermatophytes
Systemic mycotic infection
Laboratory diagnosis of mycotic infection
UNIT - VII
Immunity
Immunity and hypersensitivity - skin test
Antigen and antibody reaction
Immunisation in disease
UNIT - VIII
Parasites and vectors
Characteristics and classifications of parasites
Protozoal infection including amoebiasis
Helmintheiasis infection.
Diagnosis of parasitic infection
Vectors and disease transmitted by them
Lab practical
Identification of parasites and Vectors
UNIT - IX
Viruses
Classification and general character of viruses
Diseases caused by viruses in man and animal and their control
UNIT - X
Micro-organism
Food poisoning, food born infections
PRACTICUM
Each student will practice in the laboratory twice a week for 2 hours a day. They
will practice as indicated in each unit of the course outline. While giving nursing
care in the ward they will practice collection and processing of specimens,
prevention and control of hospital infections, sterilisation, immunisation,
chemotherapy and maintenance of personal and environmental hygiene.
Observation visit to incinerator, posting in C.S.S.D. and infection control dept.
REFERENCES
SOCIOLOGY
Theory - 60 hrs.
Placement - First Year Practical - 30 hrs.
COURSE DESCRIPTION
OBJECTIVES
UNIT - I
- Importance of study of sociology in nursing relationship of anthropology,
sociology etc.
UNIT - II
- Individual and the society.
- Socialization
- Interdependence of individual and society.
- Personal disorganisation.
UNIT - III
- Culture
- Nature of culture
- Evolution of culture
- Diversity and uniformity of culture
UNIT - IV
- Social organisation
- Social groups, crowds and public groups, nations, race. Social institutions : The
family marriage, education, religion, arts, economic organization, political
organisation. The community : Ecology, characteristics of the village.
- Characteristics of the town and city, social satisfaction : Class and caste.
UNIT - V
- Social process
- Process of social interaction : competition, conflict-war, cooperation,
accommodation and assimilation.
UNIT - VI
- Social change
- Nature and process of social change : Factors influencing cultural change.
Cultural lag.
UNIT - VII
- Social problems
- Social disorganisation, control and planning, poverty, population, housing,
illiteracy, food supplies, growth of urbanisation, prostitution, minority groups,
right of women and children, child labour, child abuse, delinquency and crime,
substance abuse.
Note : Field visits such as orphanage, Nari Niketans, Jail, Reform School, old Age
Home etc. Suggested a project work intergrated with community health posting.
REFERENCES
COURSE DESCRIPTION
OBJECTIVES
COURSE CONTENTS
UNIT - I
Introduction : Definition of psychology, scope and methods of psychology.
Relationship with other subjects.
UNIT - II
Sensation, attention and preception : Definition, sensory processes. Normal and
abnormal attention and distraction. Contributory factors. Characteristics of perception.
Perception : normal and abnormal.
UNIT - III
Motivation : Definition and nature of motivation.
Biological and social motives.
Frustration and conflicts
Self - actualisation.
UNIT - IV
Emotion - Definition of emotions
Expression and perception
Emotions in sickness.
UNIT - V
Personality - Definition, constituents of personality, personality disorders and nursing.
UNIT - VI
Psychological aspects of nursing.
Behaviour in sickness.
Psychological needs of (a) Child (b) Adult (c) Aged (d) Attendants (e) Chronically ill
inividuals.
UNIT - VII
Individual differences - Significance of individual difference, Heridity and
environment.
Role of individual differences both in health and sickness.
Implications of individual differences in nursing.
UNIT - VIII
Intelligence and abilities -
Definition, intelligence and abilities during sickness.
Measurement of intelligence and abilities.
UNIT - IX
Learning - Definition, Conditions of learning, laws of learning, learning during health
and sickness.
UNIT - X
Memory and forgetting - Definition and nature of memory, memory during health
and sickness, Forgetting during health and sickness
UNIT - XI
Attitudes - Definition, development and modification.
Role of attitudes in health and sickness.
PRACTICUM
(a) Simple experiments on (1) preception (2) measuring thresholds (3) Reaction
time.
(b) Administration of psychological tests.
(e) Observation and recording data (1) field observation (2) interview (3) Care study
(4) Self rating.
REFERENCES
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