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  • Image Compression Models: Fig: Functional Block Diagram of A General Image Compression System

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    Krishanu Modak
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    The document discusses image compression models. It describes the basic components and processes of an image compression system, including an encoder that performs compression and a decoder that performs decompression. The encoder removes various types of redundancies from the input image through mapping, quantization, and symbol coding stages. The decoder contains a symbol decoder and inverse mapper that reconstruct the image, though some information may be lost due to the quantization stage in the encoder process being irreversible.

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    The document discusses image compression models. It describes the basic components and processes of an image compression system, including an encoder that performs compression and a decoder that performs decompression. The encoder removes various types of redundancies from the input image through mapping, quantization, and symbol coding stages. The decoder contains a symbol decoder and inverse mapper that reconstruct the image, though some information may be lost due to the quantization stage in the encoder process being irreversible.

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    3K views2 pages

    Image Compression Models: Fig: Functional Block Diagram of A General Image Compression System

    Uploaded by

    Krishanu Modak
    The document discusses image compression models. It describes the basic components and processes of an image compression system, including an encoder that performs compression and a decoder that performs decompression. The encoder removes various types of redundancies from the input image through mapping, quantization, and symbol coding stages. The decoder contains a symbol decoder and inverse mapper that reconstruct the image, though some information may be lost due to the quantization stage in the encoder process being irreversible.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 2

    Image Compression Models

    Fig: Functional block diagram of a general image compression system.

    As Fig. above shows, an image compression system is composed of two distinct


    functional components: an encoder and a decoder. The encoder performs compression,
    and the decoder performs the complementary operation of decompression. Both
    operations can be performed in software, as is the case in Web browsers and many
    commercial image editing programs, or in a combination of hardware and firmware, as
    in commercial DVD players.

    Input image f(x, ...) is fed into the encoder, which creates a compressed
    representation of the input. This representation is stored for later use, or transmitted for
    storage and use at a remote location.

    When the compressed representation is presented to its complementary decoder, a


    reconstructed output image f ^ (x, ... ) is generated. In still-image applications, the
    encoded input and decoder output are f(x, y) and f ^ (x, y), respectively; in video
    applications, they are f(x, y, t) and f ^ (x, y, t), where discrete parameter t specifies time.

    In general, f ^ (x, ... ) may or may not be an exact replica of f(x, ... ). If it is, the
    compression system is called error free, lossless, or information preserving. If not, the
    reconstructed output image is distorted and the compression system is referred to as
    lossy.
    The encoding or compression process

    The encoder of Fig. is designed to remove the redundancies through a series of


    three independent operations.

    In the first stage of the encoding process, a mapper transforms f(x, ... ) into a
    (usually non-visual) format designed to reduce interpixel redundancies in the input
    image. This operation generally is reversible and may or may not reduce directly the
    amount of data required to represent the image. Run-length coding is an example of a
    mapping that normally yields compression in the first step of the encoding process. In
    video applications, the mapper uses previous (and in some cases future) video frames to
    facilitate the removal of temporal redundancy.

    The second stage, or quantizer block reduces the accuracy of the mapper’s output in
    accordance with a pre-established fidelity criterion. This stage reduces the psychovisual
    redundancies of the input image. This operation is irreversible. Thus it must be omitted
    when error-free compression is desired.

    In the third and final stage of the encoding process, the symbol coder generates a
    fixed- or variable-length code to represent the quantizer output and maps the output in
    accordance with the code. In many cases, a variable-length code is used. The shortest
    code words are assigned to the most frequently occurring quantizer output values—thus
    minimizing coding redundancy. This operation is reversible. Upon its completion, the
    input image has been processed for the removal of each of the three redundancies.

    The decoding or decompression process

    The decoder of Fig.above contains only two components: a symbol decoder and an
    inverse mapper. They perform, in reverse order, the inverse operations of the encoder’s
    symbol encoder and mapper.

    Because quantization results in irreversible information loss, an inverse quantizer


    block is not included in the general decoder model. In video applications, decoded
    output frames are maintained in an internal frame store and used to reinsert the temporal
    redundancy that was removed at the encoder.

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