CAPE Biology 2006 U2 P2 MS
CAPE Biology 2006 U2 P2 MS
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B fOLOGY
UNTT 2 PAPER 02
MARK SCHEME
2006
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iiisirest vield with: 87. k s i{
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Yield when :po1la has bee ledr ,5 per i3i1 t-
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oi fference: f 212 kg ha-l .,J;
,.i
r,isht lintensitY i' 4
CO2 availabilitY
Moisture/wat"t i.n = 4@
Tenperatrlre .
" 1
2 facuors 1
lcy
l.c'Jur I
4
Corr ect tab=1,1-ins (( 4/
1
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u{rT 2 -- F..IPER 02
l" I.U1F.K SCHEME
Quest-1on :.1
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(a-) (i)
+50
KC IIK xs
+50 .l
+40 \
aa
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TTME IN !{IILISECONDS L.4
T4l- t**"r 7
X axis data correct
*l= correcrly 1abeffed Y axis data correct
.T
! axrs coi.-rectly label Graph a correct
led Graph B correct
4 points correct 4 marks
=
(ii) 1 A .peaks at 6
0 mV, B peaks ilt +15 +5
mill ivol ts l
2 A peaks at 0.4 ms, B peaks I
at 0.8 ms
2 ciifferences = 2 marks )
1 oltterence = 1 mark 2
riLLe.jtrength of tle r
abiJ-iry ;.1-;";i,;";"j"esPonse is clet<:'rmined by the avail-. I
r.11.'i-'.
ll .i,.;r-lr )
t.. i- ,--!,4 .. i
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I4AR1<J
.,) (i) AC'IIOIT Rlruvate lirarj CO, 11,,r,1s6:d decar:boxyl atj. on
KC UI(
PLTRPOSE To reduce it from a 3-carbon compound Lo
a 2-carbon comlrorlnd t
ACTION Hydrogen is removecl (from pyruvate)
(collected bw NAD/ !-AD)
t'
PURPOS]1 To be use,l to procluce ATP by the Erc
ACTION Reduction to a 2 ,:arbon compound Acetyl CoA
PUR]?OSE
ACTlON 4 carbon acid cornp,-:-.rnd. is .rbl:: t-o corrLb:i i.le
,,i. L-b a ce i:r*l Co:\
.ErjRi')ossll Tilis r--..r:no i- L-s th: t:'(il.: Lo r:olrl--ilu..,- I
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TTN1T2_PAPER02
MARK SCBi]ME
NA-DII2
TAD
2E'
2s-), ,^€-
Fr+ o .iE. o
i ii ':l e-
t :rl
Hydrogen released bw ,
is raken up by NAg;, Tif"tt"" reactions .in the Krebs ercle :.
The reduced carriers
are moved to the electron
?hese are located on the transporL systejns
cristae of the rdtochondria
They are composed of
co- enz).mes and
cariers) cytochromes (cafled
9i?ren the hydrogen
is passed from one carr-ier
energ.y is liberated to another,
rhi s ej1ab]_es ADp
to cornbine with p (a phosphate)
The hydrogen is split into , and fonn
protons ald electrons
The electrons pass
along. a series of ca.rrier;;
Ate ach excha[ge of efectr (qytoc hrome s ):/
libe rated and ADp oans o!.s betwee r carr ters energiy is
J wi th p Lo f o].lTr --j'i,
At the end of the AT,p
re j oin co f r>r.1 H (
chain Lhe 2 p::oi_or.s (Il)
or ZH) anil the electron
Tllis joirrs r,ritLr oxygsn
Lo flriir irinLer
I
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B l ( jr,o(iY
urv r-,.,, 2 _ PAPER 02
t4Aitl(,scHl-lr4E
llues rton 5
or an (
,, eals, ..proa,JJ"l,,;'ffi":. and the place
. An ecoloqical
niche is g6" specific
wit hit t" t'i." -f
conditions "i"ln"^:::"orunent
. i;;i;i ";::" ":t=';:T;1"t"'
orsani sm 1 i..," ""
"
. The role an organism is
svstem or habitar adapLed to o in an
*. or particularecolosical
".n. . n.IJ.';;"":'-1" prey.
A food chain ,. _
producer i= .aa-t of linkag<
".,L,-*^-^-". in which a primary
'sequence
'en by a rr".oi""i""^'ses
A herbivore is
A secondarr,
""jf:.:T::=k ;:rTil :::rJ
I points 4 malks l poiat
for tgach, tern
(b) 4
EcosysterE are dl.nan-i c systems
-Ecosys tems
have bot
Ecosys rems
conrain J"fi ;::r":i::::.j"ctors inreracrinsr
Ecosystems support t"., ,.,-^- "^-".' species that interact
-ar-r-rerent
rood chains
Ecosystems
"," ..,.j;;;
Ecosys tems have rnanl
l::.:""
i::**:T;*iljT:yr :J;,T.T;' *
r ::i. ilH
organisms can contribua" a^"rf_-^'lurr ecosystem then other
ccmplex interacting -"o Lrrdrlges since ecosystems
t"rn-J are
"y"
(c) (i) 4
T".t, ffow begins
pholoslmrhesis wi. enersv being
and :"'"trnake
,rrll:d to c;;;";;il:t:.ptured in
carbohvdrare js used )y
decomposers consumers arrd then
throug,h to
At a1J stages of a food
heat we]: or chain energy
is l-ost as
Energrl .losi_ as he.rt is
r ;.i t o r ir e p :,,,rLl
o,.., t*. r'i"lit.,l,,'t,"nlX."11,,"".li .InCDr--DOra i:ed
able t.o crzc,. r.
n
i
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r, tor.OC 1
In{I? 7 -- trAPl,'Il C2
I\aGiLK {;C:Jr'.yll
This energ-y is Iost and not ava:i labl.r to the next consumer
3 points 3 raarks
r-t:tl
j $, ;r"t6''t+"1t
lYra
l' mo,L $d.t'-Y anar I
t.i) Td
-9f--lX}I.nbers' 't ;f d."'t'"-"4 rt-^r'\' ia,zel
1 tree supports 500 caterpillars, 200 sn.ails 5 sparrows
alrd t hawk
,th," greatest numl:er of individuals are the caterpillars
The Dext greatest are the snails
The one individual tree is supporti ng maq' hundreds of herbj wores
:1.h,= herbivores are support ingi a f ewer r-rumber: of primary carnivores
primary carinivores are supporiing only olle tertiary consurner
'7,^-',ta^*i"l
Th,=
'
;",t\+ztl f "iyz3"'t'r
g "t s
=a,L:'d--ol-&io-rlas
T 3 tree has the Largest biomass
The caterpillars hawe a low biomass cornpared to the tree
'fhe biomass of the snails may te simifar to the biomass of the
ca cerpilla::s
The 5 birds also trave a low biomass
The hawk has t-he lowest biomass of ,rI1 in the pyrarr.id
i i).-'i-:'!..1s fi .1 actr I
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6 i.),ri:,ti: s l::r ,::,'-r'1. a, 6 i ;ir.s I
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BfOi,OG trl
{INfT 2 -. pApl:tR 02
}4ARK ,SCHI.i,IIIE
Ques ti.(rn
;lrOi,OGy
TI{IT2_r]AIER02
u,\R1 ,.icHEltul
NOTE: For l-art (iii) :::-:til (iv) th \!s are 3 KC ardl 3ER marks
iD. totaL 3 3
.., . ,, ii ., . _.:,:=
D,l l? l,r'i lj2 U II _.:::...,'-.,.
1l:r.OLOGy
Q',esLi on '/
(a) 1 Baa!-Drqs_qllre_: .rs created because ions MAR I(S
the x1r1em of the root and are naintainedare secreted into
there
endodermis due to the UX
-11 I
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UN LT 2_ PAPER 02
i'lr\Ii( SCEEIIE
Question I MA]iKS
KC Uj(
(a) (i) PhagocYtes i
If canditlata has :1- poi:rt c:rli.ir !.1 :)ot1r . j.) -trd iu (ri)
"
:r l.na.rk ray be giv :rr
r /.)C7,J.til/l: \...p./ir:s ._..
:,
l-l li )Ltl, j Y
LI,ITT
'l - PA j?En a,)
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IIAn.'{ aLfir.iuj
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ll
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Ii1\ 'i- 'PAP!t1 02
j( rlii,l0
(o) " B cell-s o::-igrinate in bt,ne rla.r'row from stem cel1s by mitosis KC LIK
- lnature in bone marrow
D genes are rearranged to giive m;iny (10 millicn) varying
protein codes
. These varianEs code f<;r differ:nt antibody surface receptors
just
" Eactr B cell is programed to extr)ress driring maburation
one t)4)e of surface receptor
" 'lhe aange of B ce11s will th'=ref ore, between them,
have an
immense nu:nlcer of different receptors
for any'/ every
" There will theref,ore be a B cel1 with receptor
antige;r
5-5 DoiDts 3 :Ea.rhg
3-4 poiDts 2 sarks
1-2 poiats i mark
'l' cells:
Form in bone marrow from s Le^rt ce1ls by nritosis
I.ligrrate to thlzmus
Differentiate genotl4)e to form lhousalds of wariants
t7aria;rt genes code for Specific surface receptors
T cel 1s have a wide range of individual surface r'rceptors' so
,'cellstravethebodlr'sovna:ni-igenspresentedtotherbyMHC
ff a T ce11 binds wit-h and reacts with one of Lhe bocly's o}\n
protseins i-" is kil-led
'Ihis prevents bavingr T cells that' attack the bodY's own cells'
i-e. a-n auto immune attack on the bcdy by ir-s own
'I mature cefls
5-5 points 3 marks
3-4 Doints 2 La r",':
!-2 Poi:at '- 1 m. rir
t
02 2 0:i,? 0,/r.:1.I:iI-:.:,.-_:
B TOi,OGY
TIN].I 2. PAPE11 C2
I4ARI( SC}Iq1E
MARI(S
ilj'X"jlr.t"' ",n";;;i"';ribody-produc-
These B cells can be cfoned
identical B cells in t}.e lab to make r+ilLions
of
These B. cefls are "monoclones ,,
They produce
1:r9",
Ttre ant ibody Ls T:,-as of a parricular anribody
called a "monoclonal antibody, ,
The antiboey (fAB) is manufactured
i-n large quantiLies in pL-:rrmac eutical corpanies
The monoclonal antibody which
pregmancy matches IiCG is used. in
test. tihen rhe tesr strip, the
is dipped i-n urine containing I{CG ll*II ,ran rhe monocLonaL
rll.OLOC',
Ln{:iT l - I'Ai'ilt 02
IvLAi?j. SCIIlllilrl
}IAJIKS
uesti,on B conL'd- KC UK
responses
AAI is call-ed'vaccination/inrnr:Iisation'
rare'
It can proLect tbe wbole populat'ion and make Lhe disease
or eradicate it (smalltr>ox)
EXAMPLES SNAKE/ SPIDER BITES' TETA}IUS
lj_r(_,I,Ocy
ijN r:T 2. itApt=.1 02
IIARK Sr"fiEME
!.)r-r e.r ii on 9
KC UK
Ca-Icium reguired for
P::oductions
jlrbohvdrare; ;; ;.::k
Vitamjns, Iulinerals
MiLIk, vegetabtes
yyaEer _ essential. truit cere. rf
to rlrin.k lienty
(ii) Grandparent r
-bheEJLrLe,d
Ci --o-qi s. can be m.inaqed r_..
.cel_r _1:_r.rictrd nr; ;;'..:v
rl :estv]e changes ,
dieL I
4 Joj.xrs o ,r._T"'-nced i
.:i-r,r -'r-'.
"..rrr:-- ; LlrtabJ.e , . .,+ r.i i
( iir i\ r.r S prei.al:i ri_ ln , f: i ca ai. -l ,1,: I
.'. ; eacly L-rr. d..:(r.-t .
rnrng in Al tJ,S t_it weJ oping countri.,l
i
I
zi.v:u lat_.i ii r _r, :eweJ oped courll
L- i l-reai ,15,6;- lioi:-a i il .lt t.,l^D r i o-
,rL :Li : i: , -, 1.,,,,.,,:,,. .,.,. I
i '.1 \, :,-,- i. / I
I I
L' i i. i
.j.: r r:).1 .-/a-..1-1.1./ :'r.-,
I l. 1_r i_ ari:,Y
I(Ar (jj
(.)rrestioil I :o,:r t 'c1-
.|,.C UK
l:La-beleS due to h j..'rh carbcirydrate diet in poorer develcpi.Lrg
countries
Shift of diet fio,rr tradiri.onal to fasl- food rfi,et
.Uove away f rom root crops as s Lapl -- diet
Less r-ime to prerrare food,;
Cbanging li f esr;y1--s more sedenta,i.,,
lrty
.1ov prsvel].t persoDii seeking
Lack of Ed rcation madllcal attentsiotr
Stigma ancl diserj,mirrat ion ald. atlhering to treatE.e]lt
KC UK
(d) nXATPLES: pOLfO, MMR. TUBERCULOSTS, SMALL POX
t
Actiwe 4.rt IC iaf r n-t .tv (AAI) uses
attenuated antigens weakened/kil led/
They simulate the disease epltopes,
disease but carxtot cause the
Ttre immr:Ie system responds and produces
normal way antibodies in the
Then memory c:I1s are made for
needed, j.n futr-re a secondarfr reaction when
The AAI a.rltigen may need to be
to rnaintain the response r:e-introduced as a b3oster
Antigen,; for polio/MMn,/BCG can be g,iven
in childhood; they J
tern i-uununitv br..stimulatine
:::jff"::"t the body,s own
eAf is c:rfled'vaccination/irmnirnisation,