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Microcontroller Based Heart Beat and Temperature Monitoring System Using Fingertip Sensor
Microcontroller Based Heart Beat and Temperature Monitoring System Using Fingertip Sensor
University of Wah
RESURCH BY
MOMIN KHAN UW-09-MTS-BE-023
Supervised By
Ms. Fadia Sohail
First of all we would like to express our deep sense of gratitude towards our project supervise
Ms. FADIA SOHAIL for always being available whenever we require her guidance as well as
for motivating us throughout the project work.
I would also like to thank Mr. WASEEM SHAHZAD our teacher ,for his guidance and
encouragement to work hard.We have found him very helpful while discussing and optimization
issues in this dissertation work. His critical comments on our work have certainly made to think
of new ideas and techniques.
We are also grateful to the Dr. ASIM FAROOQI, (Head of Dept. of MTS) for his valuable
guidance during our project. We would like to express our deep gratitude towards our teaching
and non-teaching stafff and giving their valuable suggestions and co operation for our project.
Microcontroller Based Heart Beat and Temperature Monitoring System using Fingertip Sensor
Abstract
The basic idea behind this project is that anyone can stay connected with the doctor 24 hrs. It
continuously provides following information to doctors.
➢ Heart pulse rate
➢ Temperature of human body
In this way doctor take action immediate action if necessary. The normal body temperature of a
healthy human is 98c. To sense the temperature and heart beat the sensor is connected to the
finger tip of patient. Moreover an indication is send to doctor when pulse rate start fluctuation
just below per above the normal pulse rate which is 72 pulse/mint. The project presents the
design and implementation of a micro controller based heart beat and temperature monitoring
system using finger tip sensor.
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Microcontroller Based Heart Beat and Temperature Monitoring System using Fingertip Sensor
Table of Contents
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 7
1.1 Introduction 8
1.2 Objective 8
1.3 Scope of work 9
CHAPTER 2: CIRCUIT DISCRIPTION 10
2.1 Fingertip Sensors 11
2.2 Photodiode 11
2.3 Fingertip Sensors Working 12
2.4 Temperature Sensor 13
2.5 General Description Of LM358 14
2.6 Hardware Details 15
CHAPTER 3:8-BITMICROCONTROLLER WITH 8K BYTE 17
3.1 Overview 18
3.2 Description of AT89S52 18
3.3 Advantages 19
3.4 Features 19
3.5 Pin Description 21
3.6 Memory and SFRs 23
3.7 Design Tool/Language 26
3.8 Simulation of Project 27
3.9 Matrix Keypad 28
CHAPTER 4: LCD and BUZZER 31
4.1 Introduction 32
4.2 LCD Diagram 32
4.3 LCD Interference With Microcontroller 34
4.4 Diagram 35
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Microcontroller Based Heart Beat and Temperature Monitoring System using Fingertip Sensor
4.5 Features 36
4.6 Advantages 36
4.7 Disadvantages 37
4.8 Buzzer 37
CHAPTER 5: GSM MODEM 38
5.1 Introduction 39
5.2 Purpose using GSM Modem 39
5.3 Need of use of GSM Modem 40
5.4 Block Diagram GSM Based Medi-kit System 41
5.5 Description of Block Diagram 41
5.6 Features of GSM 42
5.7 Advantages 42
5.8 Disadvantages 42
5.9 Application 42
5.10 Prototype Diagram 43
CHAPTER 6: SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION 44
6.1 Summary 45
6.2 Conclusion 45
6.3 Future Aspects 46
REFERENCES 47
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Microcontroller Based Heart Beat and Temperature Monitoring System using Fingertip Sensor
List of Figures
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Microcontroller Based Heart Beat and Temperature Monitoring System using Fingertip Sensor
List of Table
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Microcontroller Based Heart Beat and Temperature Monitoring System using Fingertip Sensor
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
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Microcontroller Based Heart Beat and Temperature Monitoring System using Fingertip Sensor
1.1 Introduction
Heart rate measurement demonstrates a technique to measure the heart rate by sensing the
change in blood volume in a finger artery while the heart is pumping the blood. It consists of an
infrared LED that transmits an IR signal through the fingertip of the subject, a part of which is
reflected by the blood cells. The reflected signal is detected by a photo diode sensor. The
changing blood volume with heartbeat results in a train of pulses at the output of the photo diode,
the magnitude of which is too small to be detected directly by a microcontroller. Therefore, a
two-stage high gain, active low pass filter is designed using two Operational Amplifiers
(OpAmps) to filter and amplify the signal to appropriate voltage level so that the pulses can be
counted by a microcontroller. The heart rate is displayed on LCD. The microcontroller used in
this project is 8051.Heart rate is the number of heartbeats per unit of time, typically expressed as
beats per minute (bpm). Heart rate can vary as the body's need to absorb oxygen and excrete
carbon dioxide changes during exercise or sleep. However, there is need that patients should able
to measure the heart rate in the home environment as well. A heart rate monitor (HRM) is a
simple device that takes a sample of the heartbeat signal and computes the bpm so that the
information can easily be used to track heart conditions. The HRM devices employ electrical and
optical methods as means of detecting and acquiring heart signals.Temperature of the body is
also a very important factor in this project we use the technique to measure the temperature of a
body.Heart rate is the number of heartbeats per unit of time and is usually expressed in beats per
minute (bpm). In adults, a normal heart beats about 60 to 100 times a minute during resting
condition. The resting heart rate is directly related to the health and fitness of a person and hence
is important to know. You can measure heart rate at any spot on the body where you can feel a
pulse with your fingers. The most common places are finger. You can count the number of
pulses within a certain interval (say 15 sec), and easily determine the heart rate in bpm.This
project describes a microcontroller based heart rate measurement system that uses optical sensors
to measure the alteration in blood volume at fingertip with each heartbeat. The sensor unit
consists of an infrared light-emitting-diode (IR LED) and a photodiode, The IR diode transmits
an infrared light into the fingertip (placed over the sensor unit), and the photodiode senses the
portion of the light that is reflected back. The intensity of reflected light depends upon the blood
volume inside the fingertip. So, each heart beat slightly alters the amount of reflected infrared
light that can be detected by the photodiode. With a proper signal conditioning, this little change
in the amplitude of the reflected light can be converted into a pulse. The pulses can be later
counted by the microcontroller to determine the heart rate.
1.3 Objective
Biomedical field serves as the benefit for human society. But in today’s rashly running world
people are becoming careless about their health.Cases of heart attacks treatment and recovery are
increasingresulting several deaths. For this purpose personal medi-kits are best solution.Few
years ago, there was joint family system hence patients were able to get medical help within
time. But nowadays one may lost his life because of not getting proper help within time. For
such heart patients this kit gives indication to their doctors and they immediately get medical
help.Whenever beat rate of person exceeds more than 72 pulse/min, doctor can get immediate
indication and help will be sent as fast as can. Cardiovascular diseases are often very critical and
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Microcontroller Based Heart Beat and Temperature Monitoring System using Fingertip Sensor
serious condition, the change is so rapid, the one attack can bring about great suffering to
patients, and even lead to syncope or sudden death.Especially coronary heart disease,
cardiomyopathy, and arrhythmia history, family history of sudden cardiac death, heart
transplantation and other medical conditions. The diseases has a sudden, random, high rate
characteristics of sudden death, usually after the acute onset of symptoms within 1 hour may
cause death and malignant ventricular fibrillation within 12.Heart related disorders resulting
from lack of coronary circulation, such as a heart attack, have been and likely will continue to be
the most common cause of death in the today environment. An estimated 3-4 million people
suffer from heart attack per year. Approximately half of heart attacks are silent meaning they are
not felt by the patients. Half of the patients who sustain heart attacks die prior to arrival to
hospitals. The present innovation, therefore relates to early detection and long term monitoring
of heart related disorders.
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Microcontroller Based Heart Beat and Temperature Monitoring System using Fingertip Sensor
CHAPTER 2
CIRCUIT DISCRIPTION
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Microcontroller Based Heart Beat and Temperature Monitoring System using Fingertip Sensor
2.1.3 Applications
➢
Free air transmission system.
➢
Infrared remote control units with high power requirement.
➢
Smoke detector.
➢
Infrared applied system.
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Microcontroller Based Heart Beat and Temperature Monitoring System using Fingertip Sensor
2.2.1 Introduction
Photodiodes are applicable for light detection in the wavelength range from 1000 nm to 2600 nm
and beyond on request. With their large diameter (1, 2, or 3 mm), they are specially designed for
environmental measurements or other analytical instruments.
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Microcontroller Based Heart Beat and Temperature Monitoring System using Fingertip Sensor
detection concepts. The detectors photo current is converted to voltage and amplified by an
operational amplifier (LM358N).
2.4.1 Explanation
The LM35 series are precision integrated-circuit temperature sensors, whose output voltage is
linearly proportional to the Celsius (Centigrade) temperature. The LM35 thus has an advantage
over linear temperature sensors calibrated in ° Kelvin, as the user is not required to subtract a
large constant voltage from its output to obtain convenient Centigrade scaling. The LM35 does
not require any external calibration or trimming to provide typical accuracies of ±1⁄4°C at room
temperature and ±3⁄4°C over a full −55 to +150°C temperature range. It can be used with single
power supplies, or with plus and minus supplies. As it draws only 60 μA from its supply.
2.4.2 Features
➢
Calibrated directly in ° Celsius (Centigrade).
➢
Linear + 10.0 mV/°C scale factor.
➢
0.5°C accuracy guarantee-able (at +25°C).
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Microcontroller Based Heart Beat and Temperature Monitoring System using Fingertip Sensor
➢
Rated for full −55° to +150°C range.
➢
Suitable for remote applications.
➢
Low cost due to wafer-level trimming.
➢
Operates from 4 to 30 volts.
➢
Less than 60 μA current drain.
➢
Low self-heating, 0.08°C in still air.
supply voltage.Application areas include transducer amplifiers, dc gainblocks and all the
conventional op amp circuits which nowcan be more easily implemented in single power supply
systems.
2.5.2 Advantages
➢
Two internally compensated op amps.
➢
Eliminates need for dual supplies.
➢
Allows direct sensing near GND and VOUT also goes to GND.
➢
Compatible with all forms of logic.
➢
Power drain suitable for battery operation.
➢
Pin-out same as LM1558/LM1458 dual op amp.
2.5.3 Features
➢
Internally frequency compensated for unity gain
➢
Large dc voltage gain: 100 dB
➢
Wide bandwidth (unity gain): 1 MHz (temperature compensated)
➢
Low input offset voltage: 2 mV
➢
Differential input voltage range equal to the powersupply voltage
➢
Large output voltage swing: 0V to 1.5V
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Microcontroller Based Heart Beat and Temperature Monitoring System using Fingertip Sensor
A low-pass filter is an electronic filter that passes low-frequencysignals and attenuates (reduces
the amplitude of) signals with frequencies higher than the cut-off frequency. The actual amount
of attenuation for each frequency varies from filter to filter. It is sometimes called a high-
cutfilter, or treble cut filter when used in audio applications. A low-pass filter is the opposite of a
high-pass filter. A band-pass filter is a combination of a low-pass and a high-pass.
Low-pass filters exist in many different forms, including electronic circuits (such as a hiss filter
used in audio), anti-aliasing filters for conditioning signals prior to analog-to-digital conversion,
digital filters for smoothing sets of data, acoustic barriers, blurring of images, and so on. The
moving averageoperation used in fields such as finance is a particular kind of low-pass filter, and
can be analysed with the same signal processingtechniques as are used for other low-pass filters.
Low-pass filters provide a smoother form of a signal, removing the short-term fluctuations, and
leaving the longer-term trend.
An optical filter could correctly be called low-pass, but conventionally is described as "longpass"
(low frequency is long wavelength), to avoid confusion.
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Microcontroller Based Heart Beat and Temperature Monitoring System using Fingertip Sensor
4. LM358
5. Photo Transistor
6. IR Emitter and Detector
7. LED
8. LM35
9. Regulators
10. Transistors
11. Resistors
12. Capacitors
13. Battery
14. Buzzer
15. Diodes
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Microcontroller Based Heart Beat and Temperature Monitoring System using Fingertip Sensor
CHAPTER 3
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Microcontroller Based Heart Beat and Temperature Monitoring System using Fingertip Sensor
3.1 Overview
The Intel 8051 is a very popular general purpose microcontroller widely used for small scale
embedded systems. The 8051 is an 8-bit microcontroller with 8 bit data bus and 16-bit address
bus. The 16 bit address bus can address a 64K( 216) byte code memory space and a separate 64K
byte of data memory space.
The AT89S52 provides the following standard features: 8K bytes of Flash, 256 bytes of RAM,
32 I/O lines, Watchdog timer, two data pointers, three 16-bit timer/counters, a six-vector two-
level interrupt architecture, a full duplex serial port, on-chip oscillator, and clock circuitry. In
addition, the AT89S52 is designed with static logic for operation down to zero frequency and
supports two software selectable power saving modes. The Idle Mode stops the CPU while
allowing the RAM, timer/counters, serial port, and interrupt system to continue functioning. The
Power-down mode saves the RAM contents but freezes the oscillator, disabling all other chip
functions until the next interrupt or hardware reset.
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Microcontroller Based Heart Beat and Temperature Monitoring System using Fingertip Sensor
3.3 Advantages
The main advantages of 89s52 over 8051 are
➢
Software Compatibility
➢
Program Compatibility
➢
Rewritability
3.4 Features
➢
8K Bytes of In-System Programmable (ISP) Flash Memory
➢
4.0V to 5.5V Operating Range
➢
Fully Static Operation: 0 Hz to 33 MHz
➢
Three-level Program Memory Lock
➢
256 x 8-bit Internal RAM
➢
32 Programmable I/O Lines
➢
Three 16-bit Timer/Counters
➢
Full Duplex UART Serial Channel
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Microcontroller Based Heart Beat and Temperature Monitoring System using Fingertip Sensor
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Microcontroller Based Heart Beat and Temperature Monitoring System using Fingertip Sensor
3.6.1 PORT 0
Port 0 is an 8-bit open drain bidirectional I/O port. As an output port, each pin can sink eight
TTL inputs. When 1s are written to port 0 pins, the pins can be used as highimpedanceinputs.
Port 0 can also be configured to be the multiplexed loworderaddress/data bus during accesses to
external program and data memory. In this mode, P0 has internalpullups .Port 0 also receives the
code bytes during Flash programmingand outputs the code bytes during program
verification.Externalpullups are required during program verification.
3.6.2 PORT 1
Port 1 is an 8-bit bidirectional I/O port with internal pullups. The Port 1 output buffers can
sink/source four TTL inputs. When 1s are written to Port 1 pins, they are pulled high by the
internal pullups and can be used as inputs. As inputs, Port 1 pins that are externally being pulled
low will source current (IIL) because of the internal pullups. In addition, P1.0 and P1.1 can be
configured to be the timer/counter 2 external count input (P1.0/T2) and the timer/counter 2
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Microcontroller Based Heart Beat and Temperature Monitoring System using Fingertip Sensor
Trigger input (P1.1/T2EX), respectively, as shown in the following table. Port 1 also receives the
low-order address bytes during Flash programming and verification.
3.6.3 PORT 2
Port 2 is an 8-bit bidirectional I/O port with internal pullups. The Port 2 output buffers can
sink/source four TTL inputs. When 1s are written to Port 2 pins, they are pulled high by the
internal pullups and can be used as inputs. As inputs, Port 2 pins that are externally being pulled
low will source current (IIL) because of the internal pullups. Port 2 emits the high-order address
byte during fetches from external program memory and during accesses toexternal data memory
that use 16-bit addresses (MOVX @ DPTR). In this application, Port 2 uses strong internal
pullupswhen emitting 1s. During accesses to external datamemory that use 8-bit addresses
(MOVX @ RI), Port 2 emits the contents of the P2 Special Function Register. Port 2 also
receives the high-order address bits and some control signals during Flash programming and
verification.
3.6.4 PORT 3
Port 3 is an 8-bit bidirectional I/O port with internal pullups. The Port 3 output buffers can
sink/source four TTL inputs. When 1s are written to Port 3 pins, they are pulled high by the
internal pullups and can be used as inputs. As inputs, Port 3 pins that are externally being pulled
low will source current (IIL) because of the pullups. Port 3 also serves the functions of various
special features of the AT89S52, as shown in the following table. Port 3 also receives some
control signals for Flash programming and verification.
XTAL1
Input to the inverting oscillator amplifier and input to the
Internal clock operating circuit.
XTAL2
Output from the inverting oscillator amplifier.
XTAL Connection to 8051
Using a quartz crystal oscillator we can observe the frequency on the XTAL2 pin.
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Microcontroller Based Heart Beat and Temperature Monitoring System using Fingertip Sensor
RST(pin 9):reset
It is an input pin and is active high(normallylow).The high pulse must be high at least 2
machine cycles.It is a power-on reset.Upon applying a high pulse to RST, the microcontroller
will reset and all values in registers will be lost.
All port input and output can therefore be performed by get and set operations on SFR port name
such as P3.Also, different status registers are mapped into the SFR for checking the status of the
8051, and changing some operational parameters of the 8051.All 8051 CPU registers, I/O ports,
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Microcontroller Based Heart Beat and Temperature Monitoring System using Fingertip Sensor
timers and other architecture components are accessible in 8051 C through SFRs There are
following SFRs.
TCON (Timer Control)
TMOD (Timer Mode)
TH0/TH1 and TL0/TL1 (Timer’s high and low bytes)
SCON (Serial port control)
IP (Interrupt Priority)
IE (Interrupt Enable)
Table 3.1: TCON (Timer/Counter Control Register) SFR for timer control
TF0/TF1: Timer0/1 overflow flag is set when the timer counter overflows, reset by program
TR0/TR1: Timer0/1 run control bit is set to start, reset to stop the timer0/1
IE0/IE1: External interrupt 0/1 edge detected flag1 is set when a falling edge interrupt on the
external port 0/1, reset(cleared) by hardware itself for falling edge transition-activated INT;
Reset by code for low level INT.
Timer 0 and Timer 1 in the AT89S52 operate the same way as Timer 0 and Timer 1 in the
AT89C51 and AT89C52.
Timer 2 is a 16-bit Timer/Counter that can operate as either a timer or an event counter. The type
of operation is selected by bit C/T2 in the SFR T2CON.Timer 2 has three operating modes:
capture, auto-reload (up or down counting), and baud rate generator. The modes are selected by
bits in T2CON. Timer 2 consists of two 8-bit registers, TH2 and TL2. In the Timer function, the
TL2 register is incremented every machine cycle. Since a machine cycle consists of 12 oscillator
periods, the count rate is 1/12 of the oscillator frequency.
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Microcontroller Based Heart Beat and Temperature Monitoring System using Fingertip Sensor
Table 3.3: P3( Port 3) SFR used for I/O and other special purposes
Addition to I/O usage, P3 can also be used for:
RXD/TXD: Receive/Transmit serial data for RS232
INT0, INT1: External interrupt port inputs
T0,T1: Alternative Timer 0/1 bit
WR/RD : Write/Read control bits used for external memory
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Microcontroller Based Heart Beat and Temperature Monitoring System using Fingertip Sensor
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Microcontroller Based Heart Beat and Temperature Monitoring System using Fingertip Sensor
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Microcontroller Based Heart Beat and Temperature Monitoring System using Fingertip Sensor
Column 0 Selected
As you can see in the image above C0 is made LOW while all other Columns are in HIGH Z
State. We can read the Value of R0 to R3 to get their pressed status. If they are high the button is
NOT pressed. As we have enabled internal pullups on them, these pullups keep their value high
when they are floating (that means NOT connected to anything). But when a key is pressed it is
connected to LOW line from the column thus making it LOW.
After that we make the C0 High Z again and make C1 LOW. And read R0 to R3 again. This
gives us status of the second column of keys. Similarly we scan all columns
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Microcontroller Based Heart Beat and Temperature Monitoring System using Fingertip Sensor
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Microcontroller Based Heart Beat and Temperature Monitoring System using Fingertip Sensor
3.10.5 Features
➢
Ultra-thin design.
➢
Adhesive backing.
➢
Excellent price/performance ratio.
➢
Easy interface to any microcontroller.
3.10.8 Diagram
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Microcontroller Based Heart Beat and Temperature Monitoring System using Fingertip Sensor
CHAPTER 4
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Microcontroller Based Heart Beat and Temperature Monitoring System using Fingertip Sensor
4.1 Introduction
LCD is the abbreviation of liquid crystal display. LCD is an electronically-modulated optical
device shaped into a thin, flat panel made up of any number of color or monochrome pixels filled
with liquid crystals and arrayed in front of a light source (backlight) or reflector. It is often
utilized in batterypowered electronic devices because it uses very small amounts of electric
power.Aliquid-crystal display (LCD) is a flatpaneldisplay, electronicvisualdisplay, or
videodisplay that uses the light modulating properties of liquid crystals. Liquid crystals do not
emit light directly.LCDs are available to display arbitrary images (as in a general-purpose
computer display) or fixed images which can be displayed or hidden, such as preset words,
digits, and 7-segment displays as in a digital clock. They use the same basic technology, except
that arbitrary images are made up of a large number of small pixels, while other displays have
larger elements.
4.2 LCDDiagram
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Microcontroller Based Heart Beat and Temperature Monitoring System using Fingertip Sensor
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Microcontroller Based Heart Beat and Temperature Monitoring System using Fingertip Sensor
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Microcontroller Based Heart Beat and Temperature Monitoring System using Fingertip Sensor
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Microcontroller Based Heart Beat and Temperature Monitoring System using Fingertip Sensor
4.5 Features
➢
5 X8 and 5X10 dot matrix possible
➢
4-bit or 8-bit MPU interface enabled
➢
¼ Duty Cycle.
4.6 Advantages
Very compact and light.
Low power consumption.
Very little heat emitted during operation, due to low power consumption.
No geometric distortion.
The possible ability to have little or no flicker depending on backlight technology.
Razor sharp image with no bleeding/smearing when operated at
nativeresolution.
Emits much less undesirable electromagneticradiation than a CRT monitor (in the
extremelylowfrequency range).
Can be made in almost any size or shape.
No theoretical resolution limit.
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Microcontroller Based Heart Beat and Temperature Monitoring System using Fingertip Sensor
4.7 Disadvantages
➢ Limited viewingangle, causing color, saturation, contrast and brightness to vary, even
within the intended viewing angle, by variations in posture.
➢
Uneven backlighting in some (mostly older) monitors, causing brightness distortion,
especially toward the edges.
➢
Black levels may appear unacceptably bright due to the fact that individual liquid
crystals cannot completely block all light from passing through.
➢
Loss of brightness and much slower response times in low temperature environments.
In sub-zero environments, LCD screens may cease to function without the use of
supplemental heating.
➢
Loss of contrast in high temperature environments.
➢
Not usually designed to allow easy replacement of the backlight.
4.8 Buzzer
A buzzerorbeeperis an audio signaling device, which may be mechanical, electromechanical, or
electronic. Typical uses of buzzers and beepers include alarms, timers and confirmation of user
input such as a mouse click or keystroke. A piezoelectric element may be driven by an
oscillating electronic circuit or other audio signal source. Sounds commonly used to indicate that
a button has been pressed are a click, a ring or a beep. Electronic buzzers find many applications.
Fig4.5: Buzzer
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Microcontroller Based Heart Beat and Temperature Monitoring System using Fingertip Sensor
CHAPTER 5
GSM MODEM
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Microcontroller Based Heart Beat and Temperature Monitoring System using Fingertip Sensor
5.1 Introduction
GSM (Global System for Mobile Communication; originally from Group Special Mobile) is the
most popular standard for mobile telephony systems in the world.
The implemented prototype utilizes a GSM modem. This modem can be operated by the micro-
controller by means of straight forward Hayes (ATA) commands, which follow the ETSI GSM
07.07 standard.
Using those commands, all functionality provided by a GSM terminal (voice, data, SMS) can be
exploited. It is easily available in the market and weighing less than 20gm, which is smaller than
a matchbox, thus allowing system reduction and integration.
A separate module can be demolished; especially suitable for the use of multiple machines at the
same time. It is used to avoid high communication costs to be incurred in a month; it sends in
clusters which can be sent automatically to a large number of goals the same information.
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Microcontroller Based Heart Beat and Temperature Monitoring System using Fingertip Sensor
Based on several scenarios we present the functionality of a prototype we are building. The
application is capable of monitoring the health of high risk cardiac patients. The smart phone
application analyses in real-time sensor and environmental data and can automatically alert the
ambulance and pre-assigned caregivers when a heart patient is in danger.
It also transmits sensor data to a healthcare center for remote monitoring by nurse or
cardiologists. The system can be personalized and rehabilitation programs can neither monitor
the progress of a patient. GSM modem is interfaced with the microcontroller with the help of
ATA commands.
Apart from traditional typical capabilities, the new system presents additional features, both in
automatic analysis and in the communications interface (GSM transmission).
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Microcontroller Based Heart Beat and Temperature Monitoring System using Fingertip Sensor
The heart sounds are associated with mechanical activity of patient’s heart and the controller
circuit is operable to detect a posture of the patient from a heart sound signal GSM based heart
rate monitoring and the display system is a portable and a best replacement for the old model
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Microcontroller Based Heart Beat and Temperature Monitoring System using Fingertip Sensor
stethoscope, which is less efficient. It is a combination of a HIGH POWER LED based heart rate
monitor interface with a GSM module to transmit the heart rate of patient to a remote location.
The functioning of this device is based on the truth that the blood circulates for every heartbeat
that can be sensed by LED. Depending upon the rate of circulation of blood the heart beat per
minute is calculated. This calculated value is communicated to the person through a GSM
modem interfaced to it.
5.7 Advantages
➢
It is a small, low cost and a portable device which can be carried easily.
➢
Provides continuous monitoring.
➢
The mobility in the monitoring process is continuous.
➢
Low power consumption by means Ni-Cd batteries.
.
5.8 Disadvantages
➢
Using this for long durations could lead to soreness and chafing of the skin.
➢
A sudden failure of network may hamper the working of the system.
5.9 Applications
➢
We can also observe the ECG report of a patient on the cell phone with the help of this
system.By programming the GSM module with proper commands, the doctor as well as
the family members will be informed simultaneously about the fluctuations in patient’s
condition.
➢
We canalso observe the ECG report of a patient on the cell phone with the help of this
system.
➢
For keeping track of cardiac system of an athlete to give him proper training.
➢
In defence areas, where the remote location of a soldier can be determined.
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Microcontroller Based Heart Beat and Temperature Monitoring System using Fingertip Sensor
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Microcontroller Based Heart Beat and Temperature Monitoring System using Fingertip Sensor
CHAPTER 6
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Microcontroller Based Heart Beat and Temperature Monitoring System using Fingertip Sensor
6.1 Summary
The major building blocks of this project are:
➢
Fingertip Sensors
➢
Amplification
➢
Filtration
➢
Microcontroller
➢
Buzzer that beeps along with heartbeat
➢
GSM Modem
➢
LCD Display
Thus in Implementation of Wireless Systems for Patient Monitoring System, the heart beat and
body temperature are successfully sensed. Temperature is measured using LM35 and Heart beat
is measured using LED,LDR and operational amplifier. Hence both parameters are displayed on
a LCD display. Then both the parameters are transmitted and displayed in a distant location. We
also use the GSM Modem to transmit the heart rate of the patient to a remote location.This
project will eventually reduce man power in the very near future.
6.2 Conclusion
Mechatronics Engineering (MTS) is the application of engineering principles and techniques to
the medical field. It combines the design and problem solving skills of engineering with medical
and biological sciences to improve patients health care and the quality of life of individuals
In our project, the design and development of a low cost Heart Rate Monitoring System has been
presented. The device is portable, durable, and cost effective. The HRM device is efficient and
easy to use. By using Microcontroller and GSM modules we attached the fingertip sensor to
patient and accurately measure the heart rate signal and body temperature. The patient has a
freedom of doing daily activities and still be under continuous monitoring. Tests have shown
excellent agreement with actual heartbeat rates. This device could be used in clinical and
nonclinical environments. It can also be easily used by individual users, e.g. athletes during
sporting activities. The device provide the continuously monitoring of heart rate and
temperature.Wireless intelligent heart beat rate monitoring system have made possible a new
generation of noninvasive, unobtrusive personal medical monitors applicable during abnormal
activities. New technologies could also enhance the performance of the final project.
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Microcontroller Based Heart Beat and Temperature Monitoring System using Fingertip Sensor
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Microcontroller Based Heart Beat and Temperature Monitoring System using Fingertip Sensor
References
2. A.B. Dande, G.A. Deshmukh, S.D. Deshmukh, P.M. Deshpande International Journal of
Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) ISSN: 2248-9622 www.ijera.com Vol.
2, Issue 2,Mar-Apr 2012, pp.1322-1330
3. Dogan Ibrahim, KadriBuruncuk,“Hear Rate Measurement from the Finger using a low
cost Microcontroller”
4. M.M. A. Hashem, Rushdi Shams, Md. Abdul Kader, and Md. Abu Sayed, Design and
Development of a Heart Rate Measuring Device using Fingertip, Department of
Computer Science and Engineering Khulna University of Engineering & Technology
(KUET), Khulna 9203, Bangladesh, 2010.
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