Plants and Grass All Need Water To Grow and Thrive.: Atleast Three Benefits of Irrigation

ATLEAST THREE BENEFITS OF IRRIGATION
Irrigation helps to cultivate superior crops with the water supply as per the need of the
crops. Plants and grass all need water to grow and thrive. Irrigation water improves water
conditions in the soil, increases the water content of plant fibers, dissolves nutrients &
makes them available to plants. Irrigation can benefit your landscaping efforts by
providing artificial water to your lawn or soil. In warmer climates or during periods of
drought or little rainfall in more temperate areas, irrigation can be a cost-efficient way to
ensure the sustainability and diversity of your landscaping. Ultimately it helps in economic
development . All of these factors combine to provide you with economic benefits (e.g.,
increased property value and more efficient use of water) while promoting
environmentalism
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN DIRECT IRRIGATION METHOD AND STORAGE IRRIGATION METHOD

IRRIGATION BELOW GROUND
Subirrigation
Subirrigation has been used for many years in field crops in areas with high water
tables. It is a method of artificially raising the water table to allow the soil to be
moistened from below the plants' root zone. Often those systems are located on
permanent grasslands in lowlands or river valleys and combined with drainage
infrastructure. A system of pumping stations, canals, weirs and gates allows it to
increase or decrease the water level in a network of ditches and thereby control the
water table. Another type of subirrigation is the self-watering container, also known as a
sub-irrigated planter. This consists of a planter suspended over a reservoir with some
type of wicking material such as a polyester rope. The water is drawn up the wick
through capillary action. A similar technique is the wicking bed; this too uses capillary
action.
WATER LOGGING
The raised water table results in the soils becoming waterlogged. When soils
are water logged, air spaces in the soil are filled with water, and plant roots
essentially suffocate -- lack oxygen. Waterlogging also damages soil
structure.
Harmful effects of waterlogging caused by unthoughtful planning of irrigation system.
With respect to water logging , there are following harmful effects:
1. Waterlogged soil provides excellent breeding grounds for mosquitoes, and

cause malaria.
2. It causes loss in crop yield.
3. When soil are fully saturated, plant roots can not absorb water. Therefore, they
are deprived of aeration.
4. Where land is totally waterlogged, salinity causes destruction of vegetation and
crops. Waterlogging causes depostion of salts in the root zone. If the salts are
alkaline, plants cannot absorb nutrients and die.
5. Destruction of roads occured due to reduced bearing capacity of waterlogged
soil.
6. Certain weeds grow very fast in the waterlogged area and normal crops cannot
compete with them. Thus suppressing the useful crops to grow.
TWO CONVEYANCE
The conveyance system assures the transport of water from the main intake structure or main
pumping station up to the field ditches. A cross drainage work is a structure carrying the
discharge from a natural stream across a canal intercepting the stream. Canal comes
across obstructions like rivers, natural drains and other canals.
(a) Normal canal section is reduced to a rectangular section and carried across the natural stream in the
form of a bridge resting on piers and foundations (Figure 10) . This type of structure is called a trough
type aqueduct .
(b) Normal canal section is continued across the natural stream but the stream section is flumed to pass
through ‘barrels’ or rectangular passages (Figure 11). This type is called a barrel type aqueduct
CONSIDERATIONS
ii. Design of outlet should be simple and the construction should be
speedy. The outlet should draw the silt in proportion to its discharge.
There should not be moving or loose parts in the outlet. They are liable
to be damaged. The outlet should discharge a known and constant
quantity of water. It should be independent of water depths in
distributary and the field channel. The outlet should work equally well
when head is high and when head is low.
HOLDING WATER
The thin film of water covering the soil and held by attractive forces is known as
Hygroscopic water.
Runaway water is the excess water that flows on the surface of the soil. It takes the top
layer of soil along with it
Groundwater is the water that is stored deep inside the soil seeping through many layers.
Capillary water is the water that can rise in a thin tube due to capillary action.
So the correct answer is 'Hygroscopic water'.
Soil porosity refers to the space between soil particles, which consists of various amounts of water
and air .Water-holding capacity is controlled primarily by soil texture and organic matter. Soils with
smaller particles (silt and clay) have a larger surface area than those with larger sand particles, and
a large surface area allows a soil to hold more water. In other words, a soil with a high percentage of
silt and clay particles, which describes fine soil, has a higher water-holding capacity.

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ATLEAST THREE BENEFITS OF IRRIGATION

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN DIRECT IRRIGATION METHOD AND STORAGE IRRIGATION METHOD

With respect to water logging , there are following harmful effects:

1. Waterlogged soil provides excellent breeding grounds for mosquitoes, and

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