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COIMBATORE
OCTOBER 2017
A STUDY TO ASSESS THE EFFECTIVENESS OF INFORMATION
BY
ANJANA DEVI.G
OCTOBER 2017
A STUDY TO ASSESS THE EFFECTIVENESS OF INFORMATION
VIVA VOICE:
1. INTERNAL EXAMINER......................................................................
2. EXTERNAL EXAMINER.....................................................................
CERTIFIED THAT THIS IS THE BONAFIDE WORK OF
ANJANA DEVI.G
COIMBATORE.
UNIVERSITY, CHENNAI
COLLEGE SEAL:
PRINCIPAL,
COIMBATORE,
TAMILNADU.
DEDICATION
the wisdom, knowledge, guidance, strength, protection, shield, and support. He has
institution.
“Things do not turn up in this world until somebody turns them up” I express
guide Prof. Mrs. M. MUMTAZ M.sc (N)., MBA (HM)., M.Phil (WS)., for her
honor and privilege to complete this study under her guidance and motivation and
support.
harvester. I would like to express my immense gratitude and whole hearted thanks to
Prof Mrs. S. BALAMANI, Msc (N) Vice principal cum class co-ordinator, for her
insisting support, constructive suggestion and immense encouragement which enabled
Dr. Mrs. S. SELVAKUMARI MA, M.Phil, Ph.D., for her patience and time in
checking and rechecking the manuscripts and for sharing his suggestions and
constructive criticisms, which meant so much for the completion of the study.
D.G.O., Senior civil surgeon for her kind consent to the most difficult task of my
Kammavar sangam college of arts and science, Theni for permitting to conduct this
study.
My sincere thanks to Dr. ANNASAMY, Ph.D., for his support and valuable
precise advice, inspiration and encouragement which made the study purposeful.
My special thanks to all the experts those who validated this study content and
research tool.
for her assistance and literature review and extending library facility.
Park internet cafe for computing the manuscript clearly, legibly and effectively in a
dear HUSBAND Mr. SIVALINGASAMY.A and all my family members for their
constant prayer, love, sacrifice, encouragement and support during the course of my
thesis work.
ABSTRACT
disorder among women between the age of 18-44. It affects approximately 2% to 20%
of this age group. It is one the leading endocrine disease which affects one in 15
women in worldwide. The main aim of the present study was to evaluate the
OBJECTIVES :
adolescent girls.
demographic variables.
DESIGN : A quantitative approach using pre-experimental one group pre-test post-
test design.
knowledge regarding Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome, are used for data collection.
of the adolescent grils had adequate knowledge, moderate Knowledge observed on the
11.7% from adolescent girls and only 1.7% had inadequate knowledge. Analysis used
CHAPTER
CONTENTS PAGE NO.
NO.
I INTRODUCTION
Hypotheses 9
Operational Definitions 9
Assumptions 10
Delimitations 10
Projected Outcome 10
II REVIEW OF LITERATURE
PCOD
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK 24
(Cont.,)
CHAPTER CONTENTS PAGE NO.
NO.
III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Research Approach 28
Research Design 28
Variables
Independent Variables 31
Dependent Variables 31
Extraneous Variables 31
Population 31
Inclusion Criteria 32
Exclusion Criteria 32
Sampling Technique 32
Scoring Procedure 34
Communication
Pilot Study 35
(Cont.,)
CHAPTER CONTENTS PAGE NO.
NO.
Plan for Data Analysis 36
V DISCUSSION 55
RECOMMENDATIONS
Conclusion 61
Nursing Practice 62
Nursing Education 62
Nursing Administration 63
Nursing Research 63
Limitation 63
Recommendations 63
REFERENCES
APPENDICES
LIST OF TABLES
PAGE
TABLE TITLE
NO. NO.
girls.
Demographic Variables.
LIST OF FIGURES
PAGE
TABLE TITLE
NO. NO.
APPENDIX TITLE
Tool.
(English).
Syndrome.
CHAPTER -I
INTRODUCTION
- Jim Rohn
among women between the age between 18-44. It affects approximately 2% to 20% of
this age group. It is one the leading endocrine disease and which affects one in 15
The term Polycystic Ovarian Disease was first described by Irving stein
1935 when they observed the relation between obesity and reproductive disorders. It
no menstrual periods, heavy periods, excess body and facial hair, acne pelvic pain,
difficulty getting pregnant, and patches of thick darker, Velvety skin. Associated
conditions include type 2 diabetes, obesity , obstructive sleep apnea, heart disease,
and infertility. Polycystic ovary syndrome cannot be prevented. But early diagnosis and
The main risk factor for polycystic ovary syndrome is a family history of it. A
family history of diabetes may increase the risk for PCOS because of the strong
relationship between diabetes and PCOS. Long-term use of the seizure medicine
valproate has been linked to an increased risk of PCOS. Girls with low birth weight as
immune system, environmental factors, toxin effect are at risk for developing
that generally occurs during the period from puberty to legal adulthood. Adolescence
is a period having the sense of identity and the sense of intimacy. It is the transition
from childhood to adulthood. Also many serious diseases in adulthood have their
later in life.
The word adolescent comes from the latin word ‘adolescere’ which means to
grow. Adolescents represent a period of intensive growth and changes in nearly all
aspects of child’s physical, mental, social, and emotional life. During adolescence,
young women are primarily concerned with finding their identity and expressing who
they are in the world. Puberty causes many physical changes to take place, and
adolescents must adapt to their changing bodies. All of these changes can make
abnormalities can make the ovaries produce more eggs. These eggs turn into cysts and
the ovaries become large and studded with numerous cysts. It begins as early as in
adolescent girl. The challenge is to distinguish normal individual variation from real
abnormalities..
Gynecological problems of adolescents occupy a special space in the
spectrum of gynecological disorders of all ages. This is because of the physical nature
of the problems which are so unique, special, and specific for the age group, and also
because of the associated and psychological factors which are very important in the
and acne are frequent in adolescent women. The incidence of PCOS among
adolescents is estimated to be between 11 and 26% (3) and about 50% are overweight.
There is no cure for PCOS, but controlling it lowers the risks of infertility,
Present day lifestyle, food habits, environmental exposure to toxins along with
diabetes and hypertension and stress has contributed to the common problem faced by
“Every human being is the author of his own health and disease”
Sri Buddha
among adolescent girls and young women during their reproductive years. It is a
produce the normal number of eggs and normal ovulation which leads to difficulty of
getting pregnant. If it is not treated over time, it can lead to serious health problems
women of reproductive age. And out of every 10 women diagnosed with PCOS, six
A population study revealed that overt and occult PCOD accounted for 90% of
patients with oligomenorrhea and 37% with amenorrhea, or 73% with oligo- or
amenorrhea. Oligo- or amenorrhea accounted for 21% of couples with infertility and
the annual incidence was 247 patients per million of the general population. The
annual incidence of infertility due to PCOD per million was 41 with overt PCOD and
139 with occult PCOD (total 180). Of those, 140 appeared to respond well to
A study on teen girls and college girls in several colleges around India
was found to show a higher percentage of college girls with PCOD and there was
rate.
AIIMS, shows that about 20-25 per cent of Indian women of childbearing age are
suffering from PCOS. While 60 per cent of women with PCOS are obese, 35-50 per
cent have a fatty liver. About 70 per cent have insulin resistance, 60-70 per cent have
high level of androgen and 40-60 per cent have glucose intolerance.
About 6 to 10% of girls gets affected by PCOD and are even not aware of
of white women and 3.4% of African American women had PCOS. A similar rate of
years) done to find out the prevalence of PCOS from 10 schools, Trivandrum. Among
them, 339 girls are with the symptoms of PCOS and they were under-nourished
(37.6%), normal weight (51.2%), overweight (8.6%) and obese (2.6%). Lack of
awareness and lifestyle changes are considered to be the major factor leading to this
phenomena.
the age at diagnosis of PCOS and to compare risk factors involved in causing PCOS
highlighted that PCOS may occur at a younger age in girls who develop early
pubarche and thelarche. Therefore, the diagnosis and workup should be considered in
approximately 5 million. Most women are diagnosed during their twenties or thirties,
but PCOS may affect girls as young as 11 who haven't even had their first period.
may be as high as 11.2% in girls of reproductive years. Among this group, adolescent
girls make up a large part, perhaps as high as 50% of young girls suffer with
there is always a need to investigate all new relevant data. Early recognition and
complications. From all the above studies the researcher found that adolescent girls
have to obtain adequate knowledge regarding PCOS because they are future mothers
ovarian disease among college girls and not taking any measures to improve their
lifestyles is observed by the investigator that these college girls can be helped by
assessing their knowledge and with a view to change their lifestyle by providing
necessary information.
The researcher has a pivotal role in creating awareness among adolescent girls
prevent further complications of PCOS. Hence the researcher felt that information
OBJECTIVES :
adolescent girls.
To find out association between post test level of knowledge regarding
demographic variables.
HYPOTHESIS
OPERATIONAL DEFINITIONS
Assess
regarding PCOS before and after Information Education and Communication using
Effectiveness
Syndrome.
Knowledge
Adolescent Girls
ASSUMPTIONS
Syndrome.
PROJECTED OUTCOMES
The findings of the study will help the nurses to assess the level of
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
knowledge about a particular practice problem and includes what is known and not
known about the problem. The literature is reviewed to summarize knowledge for use
[Polit 1978]
adolescent girls.
package.
STUDIES RELATED TO POLYCYSTIC OVARIAN SYNDROME
conducted a cross sectional study to assess the proportion of university students with
PCOS among 480 participants in Mangalore city in Karnataka state. The study
revealed that 39 were already diagnosed with PCOS, 40 were at high risk and 401
were at low risk for PCOS. The study concluded that PCOS is a common disorder
among young women in this setting and this warrants provide screening activities.
Bangalore. The study revealed that majority that is 76.2% of adolescent were in their
late adolescent. Ultrasound report of the adolescent revealed that 30 of them were
concluded that early diagnosis and intervention will reduce the long term health
sectional study to assess the prevalence of polycystic ovarian syndrome among 778
adolescents and young girls aged 15-24 years in Mumbai. The study revealed that
there is no community based prevalence data is available for this syndrome. The
study concluded that PCOS is an emerging disorder during adolescence and screening
could provide opportunity to target the group for promoting healthy lifestyle and early
conducted a cross sectional study to determine urban and rural differences in the
burden of polycystic ovarian syndrome, among adolescent girls aged 12-19 years in
Vellore, Tamilnadu. The study revealed that 18% of the participants were confirmed
of having PCOS. The study concluded that participants diagnosed with PCOS was
cross sectional study to find out the epidemiological correlation among 100 patients
with PCOS women in Karnataka. The study revealed that there was significant
differences in blood groups along with their age and BMI, diabetes family history
were also considered. The study concluded that early screening help for better
sectional study to assess the prevalence of polycystic ovarian syndrome among 137
female age group between 18-24 years in Nablus city in the north of west Bank. The
study revealed that prevalence of PCOS was 7.3%, Acne was the only studied risk
factor among other to be statistically related PCOS patients. Clinical hirsutism was
study revealed that the prevalence of a confirmed diagnosis of PCOS was 0.5% and
increased to 1.14% when undiagnosed cases. The study concluded that overweight
syndrome and to stimulate further research in this area. The study revealed that
conditions that increase the risk of PCOS, particularly genetic background and
environmental factors such as endocrine disruptors and lifestyle. The study concluded
that there are several intriguing areas for future research in PCOS. A potential
most controversial.
GIRLS
Amal Alessa, Dalal Alied, Sara Almutairi, etc.all (2017), conducted a cross-
sectional study to assess the level of knowledge of PCOS among 2000 women of age
group (18-50) in Saudi Arabia. The study revealed that the level of knowledge of
PCOS was significantly related higher educational level and woman with health
college qualification. The study concluded that there is a high level of awareness of
conducted to assess the knowledge on POCS among 200 medical students. The data
was collected from the students by using structured questionnaire. The study revealed
that 33% girls had information from teacher, 19% got information from friends,
11.5% got information a doctor, 3.5% got from newspaper, 5% got information from
internet.28% girls were unaware of PCOS. The study concluded that knowledge of the
Mangalore. The study revealed that 76% of the samples were with average
knowledge and 10.7% with good knowledge regarding polycystic ovarian syndrome.
The study concluded that source of information, consumption of junk food, dietary
food patterns of the student were associated with their level of knowledge on PCOS.
(2016), conducted a descriptive study to assess the level of knowledge regard PCOS
among 200 adolescent girls in Mohali. The study revealed that majority of girls 123
had fair knowledge and minority girls had excellent level of knowledge. The study
concluded that there was lack of knowledge of teenage girls regarding PCOS. The
administration of information booklet may have helped the teenage girls to understand
study was conducted in Mumbai, India. Subject were recruited through purposive
sampling method with the sample size of 100 who were visited gynaecological clinics
and around Mumbai, India. The study revealed that 21% of the respondents are very
well aware about polycystic ovarian syndrome. The study concluded that efforts need
Nomanui Haq, Zarmina Khan, Sohail Riaz, etc.all (2016), the mixed
ovarian syndrome among 500 female science students in Pakistan. The study revealed
that the 90.2% subject were having adequate knowledge about polycystic ovarian
syndrome.
Manita Dalal , Dr. Mrs. Molly Babu, Mrs. Sharda Rastogi, (2014), conducted
a exploratory survey design to assess the knowledge and practice of women with
polycystic ovarian syndrome among 275 women of 12-14 years age group women in
New Delhi. The study revealed that prevalence of PCOS among women attended
gynec OPD of Safdarjung Hospital was found to be 10.09%. The knowledge of the
women with PCOS regarding PCOS and its management was found to be inadequate
with mean score of 12.1 out of 33. The study concluded that was developed for
pre experimental one group pretest and post test research design to assess the
among 60 adolescent girls in Chennai. The study revealed that 52 of the adolescent
girls had inadequate knowledge and none of them had adequate knowledge on PCOS
in pre test. In post test 7 had moderately knowledge 53 had adequate knowledge and
none of them had inadequate knowledge regarding PCOS. The study concluded that
attitude among 60 adolescent girls in Ahmadabad. The study revealed that adolescent
have lack of knowledge about PCOS and unfavorable attitude and the knowledge
level increased and gain favorable attitude after the planned teaching programme. The
The study revealed that after educational program the majority of students had good
knowledge (92.7%). The study concluded that educational program is effective in
Sr.Anto Suji, Mrs. Reeta Jeba kumara, Dr. Nalini Jeyavanth santh(2016),
assess the effectiveness of video assisted teaching programme related to PCOS among
100 adolescent girls age group between 15-18 yrs in Madurai, Tamilnadu. The study
revealed that 78% of adolescent girls in experimental group and 76% of adolescent
girls in control group had inadequate level of knowledge in pretest. After having
inadequate knowledge in pretest were reduced into only four girls in posttest. The
study concluded that video teaching programme had an effect in improving the
test post-test design done to assess the effectiveness of structured teaching programme
Chennai, Tamilnadu. The study revealed that the mean level of knowledge was 11
with standard deviation of 3.549 in pretest and 17.5 with standard deviation of 4.88 in
post test there was a statistically high significant difference with paried ‘t’ value of
8.45. The study concluded that there was an increase in the level of knowledge after
syndrome among 95 late adolescent girls in Egypt. The study revealed that there is
sessions. After educational sessions girls had adequate knowledge. The study
concluded that there was significant different of knowledge score between before and
increase the knowledge level of late adolescent girls about polycystic ovarian
design to find out the pretest and posttest knowledge of engineering students
revealed that the knowledge improvement mean score was 12-64 and standard
deviation is 2.48 and paired ‘t’ test value is 24.3. There is a significant effectiveness
effective.
hospital, Bhubaneswar, Odisha. The study revealed that the mother had poor
post test mother had excellent knowledge. The study concluded that STP was the best
PCOS among 50 nurses in port said city. The study revealed that the nurses lack of
knowledge about PCOS and there is a statistically significant difference in the pre-test
and post-test score. The study also recommended the need for the staff development
The study revealed that the structured teaching programme was effective in improving
Ragha Housam, Neura Khaled, (2013) conducted a quasi experimental study to assess
the effectiveness of structured education programme among 244 students. The study
education programme that can play a vital role in prevention and early diagnosis of
PCOS.
management of dialysis among 60 patients with chronic renal failure at Theni. The
study revealed that 25 had inadequate knowledge and 5 had moderately adequate in
knowledge. The study concluded that information education and communication was
among 60 children in Thrissur. The study revealed that the pre-test knowledge lower
than the post-test knowledge. The study concluded that IEC was effective in
improving the knowledge of children regarding assertive behavior for child abuse.
vasectomy among 60 young adults in Coimbatore. The study revealed that, in pre-test
51 had adequate knowledge. In post test score level of knowledge score was 16.4,
standard deviation was 2.2, mean difference was 7.7. The obtained ‘t’ value is 18.4. It
was significant that p<0.05 level. The study concluded that IEC was effective in
mothers in Coimbatore. The study revealed that the post-test awareness higher than
the pre-test. In post test mean score were 32, standard deviation 2.76. The calculated
mean difference was 21.2.The paired ‘t’ value was 37.45, which was statistically
significant at p<0.01 level. The study concluded that IEC was effective in improving
BERTALANFFY (1968)
Polit and Hungler (1995) states that a “conceptual frame work is the
the common theme. It is a device that helps to stimulate research and extension of
adolescent girls. The conceptual frame work for this study was based on Modified
interact among various components to achieve the goal. A system can be individual,
families, communities. The fundamental component of system are matter, energy and
communication without any one of these component, system does not exist. The
system continuously monitors self and the environment for information to guide its
own operation.
There are two types of system
A closed system
environment.
A open system
Energy, matter and information move into and out of the system through the
system boundary. All living systems such as plants, animals, people, families, and
communities are open system, since their survival depends on a continuous exchange
of energy. They are therefore, in a constant state of change. For its functioning an
open system depends on the quality and the quantity of its input, output and feedback.
Open system
Input
The information that enters into the system from the environment through its
boundaries.
and Communication.
Through put
It is the operation phase. It is the process that allows the input to be changed
Output
METHODOLOGY
procedure by which the researcher starts from initial identification of the problem to
its final conclusion. The role of methodology consists of procedures and techniques
This chapter deals with the research approach, research design, setting of
the study population, criteria for the selection of sample, sample size, sampling
techniques instrument, data collection and data analysis. This also describes the pilot
study.
Research Approach
Polit and Hungler (2004) defined the as “a general set of orderly discipline
In this study quantitative evaluative research approach was used to assess the
Research Design
print for conducting the study that maximizes control over the validity of the findings.
The research design guides the researcher in planning and implementing the study in a
Pre-experimental one group pretest post test design without control group
was selected for the pretest study to assess the effectiveness of Information Education
adolescent girls.
Experimental 01 X 02
Keys:
Ovarian Syndrome.
Ovarian Syndrome.
Research design
Pre experimental one group Pre-test and
Post-Test design
Target population
Accessible population
Sampling
rural areatechnique
at Coimbatore
Non-probability convenient sampling technique
Sample size
60 samples
Post-test assessment of
Pre-test assessment of level Intervention on Information level knowledge
of knowledge regarding Education Communication regarding polycystic
polycystic ovarian syndrome regarding polycystic ovarian ovarian syndrome among
among adolescent girls syndrome adolescent girls
status, Dietary pattern, Menstrual cycle, BMI, Number of children, any associated
disease, History of taking junk foods, Amount of water intake per day, Prevalence of
foods.
The study was conducted in Kamavar College of Arts and Sciences at Theni.
Population
Target population selected for this study was all the adolescent girls aged
between the age group of 18-20 years. Accessible population selected for this study
The sample of this study was 60 adolescent girls between the age group of 18-
20 years.
Inclusion criteria
Adolescent girls who are present during the data collection period.
Exclusion criteria
Sampling technique
research should be as for as possible be the vehicle that would best obtain data for
drawing conclusion”.
The investigator developed the tool after an extensive review of literature and
Section A
age in years, marital status, religion, types of family, educational status, dietary
Section B
and function of ovary, definition, risk factors, signs and symptoms, diagnosis,
pregnancy.
Scoring Procedure
Section II
Each correct answer carried out ‘one’ mark and wrong answer carried out ‘zero’
mark. The total maximum score was ‘25’ and minimum score was ‘0’. The scores are
categorized as following
include anatomy and function of ovary, definition, risk factors, signs and symptoms,
ovarian syndrome in pregnancy. The method of teaching adopted was lecture cum
discussion in English Medium, Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) Projector was used as
determination of the extent to which the instrument reflect the abstract content that is
being examined.
The content validity of the tools was evaluated by five nursing experts and
two medical experts. Nursing experts were from obstetrical gyneacological nursing
and medical experts were from gyneacologist. Based on their suggestion, all
modification were carried out accordingly on the clarity of the sentence and the
Reliability
designed to measure”.
The reliability of the tools was tested by test-retest method. The result was
Pilot Study
Polit and Beck (2004) denote that “Pilot study is a small scale version or trial
Pilot study was conducted on 10 adolescent girls in order to test the present
study tools for its validity, clarity, applicability, and it was found to be feasible.
Data Collection Procedure
Kammavar college of Arts and Sciences at Theni. In this study 60 adolescent girls
were involved. On day 1, before giving structured multiple choice questionnaire, the
purpose of the study was explained to the adolescent girls with self introduction. Pre
test questionnaire were given to the sample and they took 15-20 minutes for
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome was given for 45 minutes through LCD. On 7th day the
same questionnaire was provided to the samples and were asked them to answer, they
adolescent girls was analyzed by using paired ‘t’ test. The association between level
test.
All official permissions to carry out the study were secured from pertinent
authorities. All students were informed about the important and aim of this study.
Oral consent was obtained from all the participants. All students were informed that
their participation is voluntary and their rights to withdraw at any time, and
confidentiality of the information obtained. Also the students were informed that the
collected data would be used only for the purpose of the present study, as well as for
their benefit.
CHAPTER IV
This chapter deals with the analysis and interpretation of the collected data
Syndrome among adolescent girls. The purpose of analysis was to reduce the data to a
manageable and interpretable form, so that the research problem can be studied and
tested.
questions”.
The analysis and interpretation of data of this study are based on data
collected by using through structured interview method from the elderly with
insomnia. The results were computed by using descriptive and inferential statistics.
John Tukey (1961) has defined interpretation as “examining the results from
girls.
variables.
SECTION I : DATA ON DEMOGRAPHIC VARIABLES OF
ADOLESCENT GIRLS.
Table: 1
Frequency and Percentage Distribution of adolescent girls in according to their
Demographic variables.
N=60
Frequency Percentage
S. No. Demographic Variables
(f) (%)
2 Marital status
a)Unmarried 48 80
b)Married 12 20
c)widow 0 0
d)Divorced 0 0
3 Religion
a)Hindu 32 53
b)Christian 12 20
c)Muslim 16 27
d)Others 0 0
4 Types of family
a)Joint family 17 29
b)Nuclear family 43 71
(Cont.,)
Frequency Percentage
S. No. Demographic Variables
(f) (%)
5 Educational status
a)No formal education 0 0
b)Primary 0 0
c)Secondary 0 0
d)Higher education 0 0
e)Graduate 60 100
6 Dietary pattern
a)Vegetarian 21 35
b)Non vegetarian 39 65
7 Menstrual cycle
a)Regular cycle 41 68
b)Irregular cycle 19 32
8 BMI
a)18-21 27 45
b)22-25 11 18
c)26-29 12 20
d)Above 30 10 17
9 Number of Children
a)One 6 10
b)Two 0 0
c)None 54 90
14 Source of Information
a)Health Personal 12 20
b)Parents 0 0
c)Teacher 5 8
d)Mass media 32 54
e)No information 11 18
were in the age group of 18-19 years, 24(40%) were in the age group of 20-21 years ,
With regards to educational status, all this adolescent girls 60(100%) are
Graduate.
majority of adolescent girls 21(35%) had associated disease, 39 (65%) of girls did not
With regards to junk food, majority of adolescent girls like junk foods
29(48%) has menstrual disorder, 31(52%) do not have any menstrual disorder.
of adolescent girls 12(20%) got health personal, 5(8%) from teacher, 32(54%), from
mass media, 11(18%) do not had any information regarding Polycystic Ovarian
Syndrome.
adolescent girls 29(48%) had weekly one, 20(34%) had weekly twice, 11(18%) had
Table 2
Frequency and Percentage Distribution of
Pre-Test and Post-Test Level of knowledge Among Adolescent Girls
N=60
Pre-test Post-test
SNO
Level of knowledge
Frequency Percentage Frequency Percentage
( f) (%) ( f) (%)
Table 2.1: reveals that among 60 adolescent girls, most of them 52 (86.7%)
had inadequate knowledge, 8 (13.3%) had moderate knowledge, no one had adequate
It was inferred that, most of the adolescent girls had inadequate and moderate
knowledge in pre-test and most of the adolescent girls had adequate knowledge in
post-test.
SECTION III: DATA ON EFFECTIVENESS OF INFORMATION
ADOLESCENT GIRLS
Table 3
Mean, Standard Deviation, Mean Difference and ‘t’ Value of Pre-Test and Post-Test
N=60
Standard Mean
S. No. Level of Knowledge Mean ‘t’ Value
Deviation Difference
Table: 3 reveals that among adolescent girls, the mean pre-test score was 6.8
with the standard deviation 3.4 and post-test score was 21.3 with the standard
deviation 3. The mean difference was 14.8. The obtained ‘t’ value 56.5 was
Hence the stated hypothesis (H1) was accepted. It was inferred that the mean
post-test level of knowledge score was more than the pre-test level of knowledge
score. There is a significant difference between the mean pre and post-test level of
N = 60
Level of knowledge
S. Demographic
x2 Value
No. Variables Inadequate Moderate Adequate
f % f % f %
2 Marital status
a)Unmarried 0 0 5 9 43 71 4.6 NS
b)Married 1 2 2 3 9 15 Df-6
c)widow 0 0 0 0 0 0
d)Divorced 0 0 0 0 0 0
3 Religion
a)Hindu 1 2 7 12 24 40 8.25 NS
b)Christian 0 0 0 0 12 20 Df-6
c)Muslim 0 0 0 0 16 26
d)Others 0 0 0 0 0 0
(Cont.,)
Level of knowledge
S. Demographic
No Variables Inadequate Moderate Adequate
x 2
Value
f % f % f %
4 Types of family
a)Joint family 0 3 5 14 23 4.16 NS
b)Nuclear family 2 4 7 38 63 Df-2
5 Dietary pattern
a)Vegetarian 1 2 2 3 18 30 1.68 NS
b)Non vegetarian 0 0 0 0 0 0 Df-4
c)Mixed 0 0 5 9 34 56
6 Menstrual cycle
a)Regular cycle 0 0 6 10 35 58 3.26NS
b)Irregular cycle 1 2 1 2 17 28 Df-2
7 BMI
a)18-21 0 0 1 2 26 43 16.72*
b)22-25 0 0 3 5 8 13 Df-6
c)26-29 0 0 2 3 10 16
d)Above 30 1 2 1 2 8 14
(Cont.,)
Level of knowledge
S. Demographic
X2 Value
No Variables Inadequate Moderate Adequate
f % f % f %
8 Number of Children
a)One 0 0 4 7 2 3 20.5*
b)Two 0 0 0 0 0 0 Df-4
c)None 1 2 3 5 50 83
(Cont.,)
Level of Knowledge
S. Demographic
Inadequate Moderate Adequate X2 Value
No Variables
F % F % F %
13 Source of Information
a)Health Person 1 2 2 3 9 15 9.08 NS
b) Parents 0 0 0 0 0 0 Df-8
c)Teacher 0 0 2 3 3 5
d)Mass media 0 0 2 4 30 50
e)No information 0 0 1 2 10 16
Table: 4 reveals that, with regard to age group, the obtained χ2 value 1.55 at
the level of df (4) which was not statistically significant at p<0.05 level.
It also shows that, with regard to marital status, the obtained χ2 value 4.6 at
It also reveals that, with regard to religion, the obtained χ2 value 8.25 at the
at the level of df (2) which was not statistically significant at p<0.05 level.
It also reveals that, with regard to dietary pattern, the obtained χ2 value 1.68 at
the level of df (4) which was not statistically significant at p<0.05 level.
It also reveals that, with regard to duration menstrual cycle, the obtained χ2
value 3.26 at the level of df (2) which was not statistically significant at p<0.05 level.
It also reveals that, with regard to BMI, the obtained χ2 value 16.72 at the level
It also reveals that, with regard to number of children, the obtained χ2 value
20.5 at the level of df (4) which was statistically significant at p<0.05 level.
It also reveals that, with regard to presence associated disease, the obtained χ2
value 10.6 at the level of df (2) which was statistically significant at p<0.05 level.
It also shows that, with regard junk food, the obtained χ2 value 9.83 at the
It also reveals that, with regard to amount of water intake per day, the obtained
χ2 value 6.54 at the level of df (4) which was not statistically significant at p<0.05
level.
It also reveals that, with regard to do you have any menstrual disorder, the
obtained χ2 value 5.18 at the level of df (2) which was not statistically significant at
p<0.05 level.
It also reveals that, with regard to source of information, the obtained χ2 value
9.08 at the level of df (8) which was not statistically significant at p<0.05 level.
It also reveals that, with regard to intake of non vegetarian, the obtained χ2
value 2.8 at the level of df (4) which was not statistically significant at p<0.05 level.
CHAPTER - V
DISCUSSION
reproductive health if it not treated well. Increase awareness of girls about PCOS can
helps them to gain knowledge, early detect and prevent the PCOS. The aim of the
among adolescent girls. The study was conducted by using pre-experimental one
group pre-test post-test design. The subjects were selected for the study from
Kamavar College of Arts and Science at Theni. The total sample size were 60 .
The first objective of the study was to assess the pre-test and post-test level of
study findings revealed that among 60 adolescent girls 8(13.3%) had moderate
inferred that, most of the adolescent had moderate and inadequate knowledge in pre-
descriptive study to assess the knowledge on the polycystic ovarian syndrome among
150 student nurses in Mangalore. The study revealed that 76% of the samples were
with average knowledge and 10.7% with good knowledge regarding polycystic
junk food, dietary food patterns of the student were associated with their level of
knowledge on PCOS.
This result is supported by, Mr. Khushboo Brar, Mrs. Tarundeep Kanur, Mr.
of knowledge regard PCOS among 200 adolescent girls in Mohali. The study
revealed that majority of girls 123 had fair knowledge and minority girls had excellent
level of knowledge. The study concluded that there was lack of knowledge of teenage
girls regarding PCOS. The administration of information booklet may have helped
among adolescent girls. The study findings revealed that among adolescent girls , the
mean pre-test score was 6.8 with the standard deviation 3.4 and post-test score was
21.3 with the standard deviation 3. The mean difference was 14.8. The obtained ‘t’
Hence the stated hypothesis (H1) was accepted. It was inferred that the mean
post-test level of knowledge score was more than the pre-test level of knowledge
score. There is a significant difference between the mean pre and post-test level of
girls.
The study revealed that there is inadequate knowledge regarding polycystic ovarian
syndrome before educational sessions. After educational sessions girls had adequate
knowledge. The study concluded that there was significant different of knowledge
score between before and after educational sessions. The utilization of educational
sessions was effective to increase the knowledge level of late adolescent girls about
programme among 50 nurses in port said city. The study revealed that the nurses lack
of knowledge about PCOS and there is a statistically significant difference in the pre-
test and post-test score. The study concluded that need for the staff development
experimental one group pre-test post-test design done in Chennai Tamilnadu to assess
polycystic ovarian syndrome among 30 adolescent girls. The study revealed that the
mean level of knowledge was 11 with standard deviation of 3.549 in pretest and 17.5
with standard deviation of 4.88 in post test there was a statistically high significant
difference with paried ‘t’ value of 8.45. The study concluded that there was an
The third objective was to determine the association between the post-test
level of knowledge among adolescent girls with their selected demographic variables.
The present study revealed that there is a significant association between post-test
associated disorder, Intake of junk food. Hence the stated hypothesis (H3) was
accepted.
The results of the current study showed that there was highly statistically
significant relationship between age of the students, family history and their mother
education with level of knowledge at pre-test. These results were congruent with
Sowmya and Philomena (2013) who showed that there was relation between the age
in years with pre-test knowledge scores. While results of a study done by Kalpana
(2013) were incongruent with the results of the present study, that indicated that there
This chapter presents a brief account of the present study. Conclusions are
drawn from the findings and the implications of the result are stated. It also includes
adolescent girls.
demographic variables.
Pre experimental one group pre-test and post-test design was used to assess the
polycystic ovarian syndrome among adolescent girls in selected college at Theni. The
inclusion criteria.
Part 1
Demographic variables.
Part 2
Kammavar college of Arts and Sciences at Theni. In this study 60 adolescent girls
were involved. On day 1, before giving structured multiple choice questionnaire, the
purpose of the study was explained to the adolescent girls with self introduction. Pre
test questionnaire were given to the sample and they took 15-20 minutes for
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome was given for 45 minutes through LCD. On 7th day the
same questionnaire was provided to the samples and were asked them to answer, they
The collected data were analyzed by using both descriptive statistics and
With regard to the knowledge most of them had inadequate knowledge in pre-
mean post-test knowledge score was 21.3 more than the mean pre-test knowledge
score was 6.8. The obtained ‘t’ value was highly significant. The study revealed
With regard to the association between the knowledge with their selected
demographic variables in the present study findings revealed that there was a
significant association between the knowledge among adolescent girls and their
Conclusion
The main conclusion drawn in this present study was majority of the
According to Tolsma (1995), the section of the research report that focuses on
nursing implication usually includes specific suggestions for nursing practice, nursing
Nursing Practice
questionnaire.
• The nursing personnel can be able to develop specific knowledge and skill in
providing health education regarding Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome among
adolescent girls.
Nursing Education
adolescent girls.
ovarian syndrome.
The nurse can become an effective coordinator and leader by arranging the
Nursing Research
Findings of the study can be added to the research review regarding the
The study findings can be used as the baseline data and further studies can be
Limitations
The study was limited to students in Kammavar College of Arts and Science at
Theni.
Recommendations
The same study can be replicated on large sample to generalize the findings.
BOOK REFERENCE :
Dutta.D.C: Text book of gynecology: 4th edition. New Central Book agency
Ann Mariner Tomey, (2006), Nursing Theories and Their Work. (6th Ed.)
Bharat Pareck. (2005). Text Book of Nursing Research and statistics. (3 rd ed.)
Paras Publication.
Polit and Beck. (2004). Nursing Research Principles and Methods. (7 th ed.)
publication,Page no 567-578.
Publication,Page no 430-464
NISHA CLEMENT, " Text book of nursing research and statistics ",
3. Cedars MI (2012) PCOS: key issues and remaining Questions. Fertil Steril 97:
1.
5. Fauser BC, Tarlatzis BC, Rebar RW, Legro RS, Balen AH, et al.
452-458.
14. Morgan JF, McCluskey SE, Brunton JN, Hubert Lacey J (2002) Polycystic
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www.ijrcog.org
http://m.indiatimes.com
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www.iosrjournal.org
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http://ajner.com
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http://rbej.biomedcentral.com
www.tiprc.org
www.ijneronlinge.com
http://www.ijcrar.com
http://www.hindawi.com
APPENDIX-D
LIST OF EXPETS
CONSULTED FOR CONTENT VALIDITY
Respected Sir/Madam,
I am G.Anjanadevi, I am doing M.Sc (N) II year in Annai Meenakshi College
your cooperation to complete my research. I assure you that you won’t get any harm
due to my research.
level of knowledge adolescent girls from G.Anjanadevi. She explained me about the
Date:
APPENDIX-F
QUESTIONNAIRE
1. Age in years
a. 18-19 years ( )
b. 20-21years ( )
c. Above 21 years ( )
2. Marital Status
a. Unmarried ( )
b. Married ( )
c. Widow ( )
d. Divorced ( )
3. Religion
a. Hindu ( )
b. Muslim ( )
c. Christian ( )
d. Others ( )
4. Types of Family
a. Joint Family ( )
b. Nuclear Family ( )
5. Educational Status
a. No Formal Education ( )
b. Primary Education ( )
c. Secondary Education ( )
d. Higher Education ( )
e. Graduate ( )
6. Dietary Pattern
a. Vegetarian ( )
b. Non-Vegetarian ( )
7. Menstrual Cycle
a. Regular Cycle ( )
b. Irregular Cycle ( )
8. BMI
a. 18-21 ( )
b. 22-25 ( )
c. 26-29 ( )
d. Above 30 ( )
9. Number of Children
a. One ( )
b. Two ( )
c. Above Two ( )
23. In women with PCOS the hormonal imbalance interferes with the
a. Growth of release of egg from of ovaries ( )
b. Affect the sexual activity ( )
c. Affect the regular activity ( )
d. Affect the sleeping activity ( )
Scoring
Correct answer – 1
Wrong answer – 0
The total maximum score is about 25 marks and minimum score is 0 marks
INTERPRETATION OF SCORE:
1 Age
2 Marital Status
3 Religion
4 Type of Family
5 Educational Status
6 Diatery Pattern
7 Menstrual Cycle
8 BMI
9 Number of Children
disease?
day
disorder?
14 Source of Information
taken on vegetarian?
Section B: Structured knowledge questionnaire
Needs
S. No. Relevant Not relevant Remarks
modification
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
Suggestions if any
Section-C: Methodology
Needs
Item Relevant Not relevant Remarks
modification
Methodology
APPENDIX I
INSTRUCTION
There are three columns given for responses and a column and facilitate your remarks
in the remarks column given
INTERPRETATION COLUMNS
I. CONTENT
1. SELECTION OF CONTENT
syndrome.
1.4 content provides correct and accurate
information
2 ORGANIZATION OF CONTENT
2.2 continuity
2.3 integration
3 LANGUAGE
understandable dialogues
4 FEASIBILITY/PRACTICABILITY
adolescent girls
If any suggestion.....
APPENDIX J
INFORMATIOIN
EDUCATION
COMMUNICATION
POLYCYSTIC OVARIAN SYNDROME
LESSON PLAN
CONTENT OF TEACHING OUTLINE
The individual will gain adequate knowledge regarding polycystic ovarian syndrome and also apply
this knowledge into prevention of polycystic ovarian syndrome.
Specific Objectives
Functions:
The major functions of the ovaries to secrete the
female reproductive hormones like estrogen and progesterone
which is helps to maintain normal menstrual cycle and to
maintain normal fertility function.
To produce the ova (egg).
Teaching
Specific
S.No. Time Content AV Aids Learning Evaluation
Objectives
Activity
INCIDENCE:
Poly cystic ovarian syndrome is affects the common
age group between 18 and 44 years.
Teaching
Specific
S.No. Time Content AV Aids Learning Evaluation
Objectives
Activity
Drug (Medicine):
Long term use of the seizure medicine like
valporate has been linked to an increased risk of PCOS.
Endocrine disorders:
Due to any endocrine disease or problem can leads
to getting the PCOS.
Teaching
Specific
S.No. Time Content AV Aids Learning Evaluation
Objectives
Activity
Insulin resistance:
4 5 mts. The Insulin is a hormone that allows the body to
Individual absorb glucose into the cells for energy. In PCOS the body Explaining What are the
will able to is not as responsive to insulin .This can lead to elevated & factors to pass
list down the blood glucose level and cause the body to make more Listening the polycystic
risk factors insulin. Having too much insulin can cause the body to ovarian
and causes of make more androgen. syndrome?
polycystic Excess Androgen:
ovarian Androgens are sometimes called “male hormones”,
syndrome although all women make small amounts of androgens.
Women with polycystic ovarian syndrome have more
androgens than estrogens. Estrogens are “female
hormones”. Higher than the normal estrogens level in
women can prevent the ovaries from releasing the egg
during menstrual cycle, can cause extra hair growth, acne
etc.
Teaching
Specific
S.No. Time Content AV Aids Learning Evaluation
Objectives
Activity
SIGNS ANG SYMPTOMS:
5 5 mts. The Common signs and symptoms of polycystic ovarian syndrome
DIAGNOSIS:
1 History collection:
During history collection the women having
symptoms like
Menstrual problems
Sleeping disturbance
Teaching
Specific
S.No. Time Content AV Aids Learning Evaluation
Objectives
Activity
6 5 mts The Pimple over the face
individual Male pattern of hair growth
Oily skin
will able to Women having any family history, previous Explaining What are the
elicit the endocrine disease, poor immune system, effects of & investigation
drugs like velporate.
diagnosis of Exposure of radiation Listening for PCOS?
polycystic Women having enlarged thyroid gland, and hair
loss
ovarian 2. Physical examination:
syndrome On head to foot assessment the women having
problems like
Pimple over the face
Excessive hair growth
Dark patches over the neck, breast, arms, chin, in
between the thighs, knuckles.
In vital signs the women have increased blood
pressure and increased respiration rate.
Increased body mass index and waist and hip ratio
Waist measurement greater than 35 inches or waist
bigger than the hips
Teaching
Specific
S.No. Time Content AV Aids Learning Evaluation
Objectives
Activity
3. Pelvic examination:
During pelvic examination the women have,
Enlarged ovaries or swollen.
Explaining
4. Blood tests:
&
Blood tests that can be useful in
identifying high androgen levels include, Listening
Endometrial cancer:
Problem with ovulation, obesity, insulin resistance, and
diabetes to increase the risk of developing the endometrium
cancer.
Diabetes:
Problem with insulin resistence, and increased
androgen levels can leads to the diabetes. More than half of
the women with polycystic ovarian syndrome will have
diabetes.
Teaching
Specific
S.No. Time Content AV Aids Learning Evaluation
Objectives
Activity
Gestational Diabetes :
This is a type of diabetes that only pregnant women get.
It is treatable.
Preeclampsia :
Preeclampsia, a sudden increase in blood pressure after
th
20 week of pregnancy.
Teaching
Specific
S.No. Time Content AV Aids Learning Evaluation
Objectives
Activity
Preterm Birth :
Pre term infants are at risk for many health problems,
both right after birth and later in life.
Explaining
Cesarean Section :
&
Pregnant women with PCOS are more likely to have
cesarean sections because of the pregnancy complications Listening
associated with PCOS.
SUMMARY
Till now we have discussed about polycystic Ovarian Syndrome, Anatomy and functions of ovary,
description, incidence, risk factors and causes, signs and symptoms, diagnosis, management, complications,
effects of PCOS on pregnancy.
CONCLUSION
I hope you have gained some knowledge regarding polycystic ovarian syndrome and you will able to
apply it is practical life.