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Hydrocarbon Benzene Carbon Chemical Formula H Coal Tar Distillation Petroleum Water Moth Sulfonic Acid Dyestuff
Hydrocarbon Benzene Carbon Chemical Formula H Coal Tar Distillation Petroleum Water Moth Sulfonic Acid Dyestuff
two adjacent carbon atoms; chemical formula, C10H8. It is an important hydrocarbon raw material that gives rise to a host of
substitution products used in the manufacture of dyestuffs and synthetic resins. Naphthalene is the most abundant
single constituent of coal tar, a volatile product from the destructive distillation of coal, and is also formed in modern processes for
the high-temperature cracking (breaking up of large molecules) of petroleum. It is commercially produced by crystallization from the
intermediate fraction of condensed coal tar and from the heavier fraction of cracked petroleum. The substance crystallizes in
lustrous white plates, melting at 80.1° C (176.2° F) and boiling at 218° C (424° F). It is almost insoluble in water. Naphthalene is
highly volatile and has a characteristic odour; it has been used as moth repellent. In its chemical behaviour, naphthalene shows the
aromatic character associated with benzene and its simple derivatives. Its reactions are mainly reactions of substitution of
hydrogen atoms by halogen atoms, nitro groups, sulfonic acid groups, and alkyl groups. Large quantities of naphthalene are
converted to naphthylamines and naphthols for use as dyestuff intermediates. For many years napthalene was the principal raw
material for making phthalic anhydride.
● In its chemical behaviour, naphthalene shows the aromatic character associated with benzene and its simple derivatives.
Its reactions are mainly reactions of substitution of hydrogen atoms by halogen atoms, nitro groups, sulfonic acid groups,
and alkyl groups. Large quantities of naphthalene are converted to naphthylamines and naphthols for use
as dyestuff intermediates. For many years napthalene was the principal raw material for making phthalic anhydride.
In its chemical behaviour, naphthalene shows the aromatic character associated with benzene and its simple derivatives. Its
reactions are mainly reactions of substitution of hydrogen atoms by halogen atoms, nitro groups, sulfonic acid groups, and alkyl
groups. Large quantities of naphthalene are converted to naphthylamines and naphthols for use as dyestuff intermediates. For
many years napthalene was the principal raw material for making phthalic anhydride.
Naphthalene is used in the production of phthalic anhydride; it is also used in mothballs. Acute (short-
term) exposure of humans to naphthalene by inhalation, ingestion, and dermal contact is associated with
hemolytic anemia, damage to the liver, and neurological damage. Cataracts have also been reported in
workers acutely exposed to naphthalene by inhalation and ingestion. Chronic (long-term) exposure of
workers and rodents to naphthalene has been reported to cause cataracts and damage to the retina.
Hemolytic anemia has been reported in infants born to mothers who "sniffed" and ingested naphthalene (as
mothballs) during pregnancy. Available data are inadequate to establish a causal relationship between
exposure to naphthalene and cancer in humans. EPA has classified naphthalene as a Group C, possible
human carcinogen.
f Naphthalene can affect you when inhaled and by passing through the skin.
f Contact can irritate and burn the skin and eyes. High or repeated exposure can cause clouding of the eye lens (cataract), which may damage
vision.
f High exposure to Naphthalene can cause headache, fatigue, confusion, tremor, nausea and vomiting.
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