Ideology 3

Ideology of Pakistan
What is meant by the word

“Ideology”?
What is the
An ideology is a set of opinions or beliefs of a difference
group or an individual. Very often ideology Between a nation,
refers to a set of political beliefs or a set of State and a nation
State?
ideas that characterize a particular culture or
religion.
Capitalism or communism are some
examples of ideologies.
Every state has a specific ideology which

provides objectives, vision and justification to
the nation state.
Ideology of Pakistan “Two Nation Theory”
Pakistan was achieved on the bases of Two nation

theory; the slogan during the struggle of Pakistan
was to establish a distant identity of Muslims as
nation.
Islam was the catalyst to inspire the Muslim
community to strive for the cause of Pakistan
Ideological Rational with
special reference to
• Sir Sayed Ahmed Khan
• Allama Muhammad Iqbal
• Quaid-e Azam Muhammad Ali
Jinnah
Sir Sayed Ahmed Khan
Historic experiences provided the base and Sir
Syed Ahmed Khan began the process of Muslim
awakening.
It was due to the realization of Muslims of
subcontinent that they are different from the
Hindus and they started demanding separate
electorates.
Sir Syed Ahmed Khan made the Muslims realize
that their future in a democratic India dominated
by majority of Hindus was not safe.
Sir Syed Ahmed Khan
His first Objective was to modernize the Muslims of
the Subcontinent so that they a friendly atmosphere
can be created among the British government and
the Muslims of India.
He motivated his community to learn Western
Philosophy, and English literature to get along the
ruling class. To achieve his goals he started Aligarh
movement.
Sir Syed Ahmed Khan
He preached two-nation theory and following are

the factors that strengthened his point of view:
Islamic code of conduct: Islam as we all know is a
complete political, social and economic system and it
does not prevent its followers from keeping social
relations with other nations whereas Hinduism
preaches separatism, how could Hindus and Muslims
absorb in one nation.
Western Democracy: he was against the Western
democracy because its ultimate result was the
supremacy of Hind majority over Muslims.
Urdu Language: After 1867 Hindus began to oppose
Urdu language. The Hindus demanded that Urdu
should be replaced by Hindus in Public Offices. Sir
Syed opposed every such demand made by them.
At a speech on 16th March 1888 he
said“Now Suppose that all the Brits were to leave India,
then who would be the ruler of India? Is it possible that
under these circumstances these nations, the
Muhammadan and Hindu could sit on the same throne
and remain equal in power; most
certainly not. It is necessary that one of them should conquer the
other and thrust it down. To hope that both could remain equal is
to desire the impossible and the inconceivable.”
Allama Muhammad Iqbal
Allama Muhammad Iqbal! A great poet, thinker,
philosopher, scholar and politician.
When Iqbal was born, it was the time of
troubles for Indian Muslims.
From 1899 – 1905, Iqbal served as Lecturer
(Philosophy) in Oriental College, Lahore
In 1905, Iqbal went to Germany, where he did
his Ph.D. in Philosophy
In 1926, Iqbal started his political career when
he was elected as member of Punjab Imperial
Legislative Council (PILC)
Allama Muhammad Iqbal
Iqbal wrote an essay “ISLAMIC CULTURE”—in which he
clearly describes, survival of the Muslims will only
possible when they have quality such as
“OrangzaibAlamgir” in their role. Whose faith is not
secularism but it should be purified Muslim thoughts. He
defined his view in the next sentence that Islam is a name
of ideology of religion, it contains a wide study.
“I am fully convinced that the Muslims of India will
ultimately have to establish a separate homeland as
they could not live with the Hindus in the United
States.”
Quid-e Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah
He was the one who gave practical shape to the

ideology of Allama Iqbal.
In the beginning he strongly believed in Hindu
Muslim unity and was of the opinion that both
Hindus and Muslims should initiate joint efforts to
get rid of British rule
After joining Muslim league in 1913, he continued
his efforts to bring about Hindu and Muslim unity
but was greatly disappointed to see the prejudicial
attitude of congress and Hindus towards the
Muslims.
Role of Jinnah
He started his political career in 1906 by
Lacknow Pact? The
joining the Indian national congress. Lucknow Pact was an
agreement that reached
In 1913 he also joined the All Indian Muslim between the Indian
League and became its president in 1916. at this National Congress and
the Muslim League at
time he was the member of both the parties. the joint session of both
the parties held in
Lucknow in December
In 1916 Lacknow Pact was signed where 1916. Through the pact,
the two parties agreed to
Hindus accepted the following Muslim allow overrepresentation
to religious minorities in
Demands. the provincial
1. Separate Electorate: minorities select their own legislatures.
representatives separately
2. One third seats in Central Legislature
3. Protection of Minority rights
Role of Jinnah
In the Nehru report 1928, the accepted
Muslim rights were ignored
Jinnah retaliated forcefully by presenting his 14
points.
He defined Muslim identity and mobilized them
The Nehru Report
with reference to Islam and convinced others that of 28–30 August,
Muslims are different from Hindus and the 1928 was a
memorandum
Congress outlining a proposed
new dominion status
for the constitution
for India. It was
prepared by a
committee of the All
Parties Conference
Address at second round table
conference in 1931
Quaid-e-Azam believed that Congress and
The three Round Table
Hindus would never recognize the rights of Conferences of 1930–
Muslims. While representing the Muslims in the 32 were a
series of peace
2nd Round table conference he declared. conferences
organized by the
“The Hindu-Muslim dispute must be settled British Government
before the enforcement of a system or and Indian national
congress was
constitution. Until you do not give guarantee for participant to
discuss
the safeguard of the Muslim interests ,until you constitutional
do not win the Muslim cooperation, any reforms in India.
constitution you enforce shall not last for even

24 Hours”
Quaid-e Azam and the Concept of
Nation
Jinnah used the term ‘Nation’ for Mulims of India in Feb
1935 legislative assembly.
“We are a nation with our own distinctive culture and

civilization, language and literature, names and
vocabulary, scenes of values and proportions, legal
laws and moral cods, customs and calendars,
history and tradition, ability and ambitions; in short
we have our own distinctive outlook on life and of
life. By all cannons of international laws, we are a
nation” Speeches and statements (1940 -47)
Quaid-e-Azam and Two-Nation
Theory
He defined the two nation theory as
“The Muslims are a nation by every right to establish ther
separate homeland. They can adopt any means to promote and
protect their economic,social, political and cultural interests.”
Pakistan Resolution: In his address on 23 rd
March,1940 at the historic session of
Muslim League at Lahore he said.
“India is not a nation,nor a country.It is a Sub Continent of

nationalities.Hindus and Muslims being the two major nations.The
hindus and Muslims belongs to two different
religions,Philosphies,social customs and literature.They neither
intermarry nor interdine and they belong to two different
civilization which are based mainly on conflicting ideas and
conceptions.Their aspects on life and of are different.It is quite
clear that Hindus and Muslims derive their inspiration from
different sources of history.”
What are the major Factors
Leading to Muslim
Separation ?
Elements of Ideology of Islam
Islam
Two-Nation Theory
Territorial Land
Democratic System
Urdu Language
3. Territorial Land
Amongst the components of ideology of Pakistan, land
is the third major factor
A piece of land was necessary for the existence,
stabilization and promotion of Islamic ideology.
All India Muslim League demanded a separate
homeland constituting the areas in which the Muslims
are numerically in a majority such as in the north-
western and Eastern zones of India.
4. Democratic System
In an Islamic state, all the affairs are decided on
the basis of Shariah(democracy)
In other words the social, economic ,political and
cultural affairs are operated on the basis of mutual
consensus and Islamic democracy.
Sharai system of state there for is the forth factor
of Ideology of Pakistan .
5. Urdu Language
Urdu was considered to be language of Muslims and Hindi to the
Hindus.
During the last days of Muslim rule , Urdu emerged as the most
common language of subcontinent
It was declared the official language, and all the official
records were written in Urdu.
In 1867, some prominent Hindus started a movement and
demanded the replacement of Urdu with Hindi
The opposition by Hindus towards the Urdu language made it clear
that they were not ready to tolerate the culture and traditions of the
Muslims.
After this the establishment of All India Muslim League was started,
and Sir Syed Ahmed Khan put forward the Two Nation Theory.
“Urdu is the first Brick in the foundation of Pakistan” Molvi Abdul Haaque.
What is the
difference Between
a Nation, State and
a Nation State?
State typically refers to a level of government that is
sovereign or independent in it's own right. The
United Nations is an organization of states.
A nation-state is when the two coincide. So a

nation-state is when a group of people with a
shared cultural heritage and sovereign government
overlap.

Ideology 3

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Ideology 3

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Ideology of Pakistan

What is meant by the word

Every state has a specific ideology which

Pakistan was achieved on the bases of Two nation

He preached two-nation theory and following are

He was the one who gave practical shape to the

constitution you enforce shall not last for even

“We are a nation with our own distinctive culture and

“India is not a nation,nor a country.It is a Sub Continent of

A nation-state is when the two coincide. So a

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