English Literature Lecture Note: Bs Iwr MVWN Z I Hym Wefvm
English Literature Lecture Note: Bs Iwr MVWN Z I Hym Wefvm
English Literature Lecture Note: Bs Iwr MVWN Z I Hym Wefvm
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Sahin Sir’s Literature Lecture
1603
GKwÎZ nq
wKš` Parliament Avjv`v wQj
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Sahin Sir’s Literature Lecture
1707
1801
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Sahin Sir’s Literature Lecture
Christopher Marlowe
Father of English Drama/Tragedy.
wZwb English mvwn‡Z¨ Blank Verse Gi cÖeZ©K|
we‡kl `ªóe¨ t evsjv mvwn‡Z¨ gvB‡Kj gaym~`b `Ë|
Marlowe Ges Shakespeare mgmvgwqK n‡jI Marlowe wQj c~e©m~ix Ges Shakespeare wQj DËim~ix|
Marlowe Shakespeare
wmwbqi Rywbqi
Thomas Kyd
Father of English Revenge Tragedy.
Zvui GKgvÎ mvwnZ¨ The Spanish Tragedy (GwU GKwU Melodrama) hv‡K ejv nq Bloody
Tragedy.
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William Shakespeare
King Without Crown.
Greatest Dramatist of All Time.
Superstar of The World.
Bard of Avon
Rb¥ t 23 April 1564.
g„Zz¨ t 23 April 1616.
Shakespeare Zvui R‡b¥i 26 eQi ci †_‡K mvwnZ¨ iPbv ïiæ K‡ib Ges gvÎ 26 eQi mvwnZ¨ iPbv
K‡i| A_©¨vr, Age of Shakespeare = 1590-1616.
RxebKvj 52 eQi|
Zvui we‡qi mgq eqm wQj 18 Ges ¯¿xi eqm wQj 26|
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Sahin Sir’s Literature Lecture
Othello
Othello wQ‡jb GKRb †mbvcwZ/gywik †Rbv‡ij|
gyi (gi‡°vi gymwjg Awaevmx‡`i ejv nq)|
†mbvcwZ Othello Zvui ¯¿x Desdemona †K iægvj/handkerchief ‡`q|
m‡›`‡ni wbg©g ejx nb Desdemona/Fatal consequence of doubt.
King Lear
ivRv Ges wZb Kb¨vi Kvwnbx|
ivRvi weL¨vZ Dw³ †QvU †g‡q‡K nviv‡bvi c‡i, I am a man more sinned against than sinning
(Avwg hZUv Ab¨vq K‡iwQ Zvi †P‡q †ewk Ab¨vq Avgvi mv‡_ Kiv n‡q‡Q)|
King Lear Gi g‡Z, How sharper than a serpent‟s tooth it is to have a thankless child
(AK…Z•N mšÍvb mv‡ci Zxÿè `vu‡Zi †P‡qI gvivZ¥K)
Julius Caesar
Rywjqvm wmRvi wQ‡jb weL¨vZ †ivgb †mbvcwZ|
Zvi eÜz Brutus †K g„Zz¨`Û †_‡K evuPv‡jI †mB eÜzB Zv‡K nZ¨vi loh‡š¿ wQj, hvi †cÖwÿ‡Z Julius Caesar
weL¨vZ Dw³ †`b, Brutus you too!
Rywjqvm wmRvi‡K we‡q K‡ib wgk‡ii ivYx wK¬I‡cUªv| hv‡K ejv nq mc©ivYx|
Rywjqvm wmRv‡ii weL¨vZ Dw³ t-
Veni, Vidi, Vici (I came, I saw, I conquered).
Cowards die mane times before their death.
we‡kl `ªóe¨ t Rywjqvm wmRvi g„Zz¨i ci †mbvcwZ nb Mark Antony. GB Mark Antony wmRvi nZ¨vi
lohš¿Kvix‡`i GKRb| wgk‡ii ivYx wK¬I‡cUªv Mark Antony i cÖ_g `k©‡b †cÖ‡g c‡o hvb|
Andrew Marvell
Rb¥ t 1621 mv‡j
Zvui KweZvq wZwb John Donne †K AbymiY Ki‡Zb|
wZwb wQ‡j John Donne Gi Abymvix|
GBRb¨ Dbv‡K Jacobean period Gi mvwnwZ¨K ejv nq|
KweZv t-
i. To His Coy Mistress. (Marvell Gi Mistress)
ii. The Definition of Love. (Out of sight, near to mind).
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John Milton
me©‡kl Renaissance Hero.
Epic poet.
weL¨vZ gnvKve¨ t-
i. Paradise Lost.
ii. Paradise Regained.
GB `yÕwU gnvKv‡e¨ g~j Theme n‡jv t “To justify the ways of God to man”.
weL¨vZ Elegy:-
i. Song on Shakespeare.
wKš`, Song of Innocence William Blake
(KweZv)
Song of Experience Romantic period
ii. Lycidas Kwei eÜz Edward King Gi g„Zz¨‡Z †jLv|
weL¨vZ Dw³ t-
It is better to reign in hell than to serve in heaven
Childhood shows the man as morning shows the day
Death is the golden key that opens the place of eternity
John Bunyan
Zvi mvwnZ¨ Kg© t Pilgrim Progress, The Holy War.
BN P = Pilgrim Progress
Bunyan
Samuel Butler
wZwb weL¨vZ Kwe Ges Satirist.
GKB bv‡g Victorian period G GKRb weL¨vZ Jcb¨vwmK i‡q‡Qb|
Hudibras (Poem) = Samuel Butler (Restoration period)
The Way of All Flesh (Novel) = Samuel Butler (Victorian period)
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Henry Fielding
Father of English Novel
weL¨vZ Dcb¨vm t- “Tom Jones”
weL¨vZ bvUK t- “Rape upon Rape”
Thomas Gray
Graveyard Poet.
weL¨vZ Dw³Ñ
Where ignorance is bliss, it is folly to be wise
(AÁZvB †hLv‡b Avwke©v` Ávbx nIqvUv †evKvgx)
Full many a flower is born to blush unseen
William Wordsworth = 19 wU
Giv `yB eÜz
S.T Coleridge = 4 wU
Lake poet = `yB eÜz Ges GK AvMvQv (3Rb)
i. William Wordsworth
ii. S.T Coleridge
iii. Robert Southey (AvMvQv)
Definition of Romanticism : Not cut, copy, paste but create something new by imagination.
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**S@hin sir’s Special graph chart**
William Wordsworth S.T Coleridge PB Shelley John Keats
Poet of Nature. cy‡iv bvg Samuel Taylor Revolutionary Poet Poet of Beauty
England Gi mfvKwe| Coleridge. Lyrical Poet/Poet Poet of Sensuousness
Nature related me Dw³ Zuvi| Poet of Supernaturalism of wind (mgxi‡Yi Kwe) Death Hunted Poet
GKgvÎ bvUKt The Borderers wZwb Avwdg Addicted wZwb h²v‡Z gviv hvb|
weL¨vZ mvwnZ¨ Kg©t-
Poetic Autobiography: wQ‡jb|
“The Prelude” wKš` John Keats I Avwdg i. Prometheus weL¨vZ KweZv Ñ
Pioneer of Romantic †L‡Zb Z‡e Addicted bv| Unbound ÒIsabellaÓ
Movement. cÖkœ Avm‡j DËi Ki‡ev S.T ii. Adonais wet`ªt Isabella e¨ZxZ
weL¨vZ KweZv t- Coleridge GwU Zvui weL¨vZ elegy
Zuvi mg¯Í KweZv “Ode”
(John Keats Gi g„Zz¨‡Z
i. The Daffodil Biographia w`‡q ïiæ|
ii. The Solitary Reaper †jLv)
Literaria GwU mvwnZ¨
iii. Tintern Abbey
mgv‡jvPbvg~jK MÖš’| weL¨vZ KweZv t-
iv. Rainbow
AvKvk, evZvm, †gN, ivRv e¨wZµg t
wKš` Rainbow bv‡g weL¨vZ KweZvt- i. Ode to the Skylark i. Ode on
weL¨vZ Dcb¨vm wj‡Lb i. The Rime of ii. Ode to the west wind Immortality
AvaywbK hy‡Mi D.H Ancient Mariner iii. The Cloud (W.W)
Lawrence. ii. Kubla Khan iv. Ozymandias (king) ii. Ode to the
v. Lucy poems
iii. Christabel Dw³t “If winter Skylark (PB Sh)
vi. Michael
iv. Dejection: An Ode comes, can spring be iii. Ode to the west
vii. Written in March Dw³t “Water, water far behind” wind (PB Sh.)
viii. Ode on everywhere “My name is Dw³t “Beauty is
Immortality Nor any drop to drink” Ozymandias, king of truth, truth beauty”
(Agi‡Z¡i Mvb) king”
William Blake
Both Poet and Painter.
KweZv t-
i. Songs of Innocence
ii. Songs of Experience
we‡kl `ªóe¨ t Lyrical Ballad cÖKv‡ki gva¨‡g GB hy‡Mi (Romantic period) †hgb m~Pbv nq,
Songs of Innocence cÖKv‡ki gva¨‡g GB hy‡Mi c~Y©Zv jvf K‡i|
Jane Austen
Romantic period Gi GKgvÎ Anti-Romantic gwnjv Jcb¨vwmK|
Austen Gi PS
i. Pride and Prejudice
ii. Sense and Sensibility
Lord Byron
cy‡iv bvg t George Gordon Lord Byron
Revel Poet
weL¨vZ epic :- Don Juan
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weL¨vZ Dcb¨vm t-
Vanity Fair
GB Dcb¨v‡mi †Kvb Hero ‡bB|
GB Dcb¨vm Øviv wZwb England †K Satire K‡i‡Qb|
GUv g~jZ cwZZve„wˇK Zz‡j a‡ib|
Thomas Hardy
weL¨vZ nZvkvev`x (Pessimistic) Dcb¨vwmK|
weL¨vZ Dcb¨vm t-
i. Tess of the DUrbervilles
ii. The Return of the Native
iii. A Pair of Blue Eyes
iv. Under the Greenwood Tree
Note: GB wk‡ivbv‡g Shakespeare Gi As You Like It bvU‡K GKwU song i‡q‡Q|
weL¨vZ Dw³ t- The greater the sinner, the greater the saint
Leo Tolstoy
Russian Novelist.
weL¨vZ Dcb¨vm t- “War and Peace”
George Eliot
wZwb gwnjv Jcb¨vwmK|
e¨w³ Rxe‡bi scandal Avovj Ki‡ZB wZwb g~jZ “George Eliot” QÝbv‡g wjL‡Zb|
Zvi Avmj bvg t- Mary Ann Evans
weL¨vZ Dcb¨vm t- “Silas Marner: The Weaver of Raveloe”
Dramatic poem:- “The Spanish Gypsy” [GwU Zvui weL¨vZ KweZv]
Z‡e, The Scholar Gypsy bvgK KweZv wj‡L‡Qb nZvkvev`x Kwe Mathew Arnold.
Gladstone
weL¨vZ Dw³ t-
Justice delayed, justice denied
Justice hurried, justice buried
Alexandre Dumas
weL¨vZ Dcb¨vm t-
i. Three Musketeers
ii. Twenty Years After
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Karl Marx
Famous book:- “Das Capital” [GwU‡K mgvRZ‡š¿i evB‡ej ejv nq]
Samuel Butler
weL¨vZ mvwnZ¨Kg© t- “The Way of All Flesh” (novel).
GKB bv‡g Restoration period Gi GKRb Kwe Av‡Qb, hvi weL¨vZ KweZv “Hudibras”.
Oscar Wilde
wZwb Irish Jcb¨vwmK Ges bvU¨Kvi|
weL¨vZ mvwnZ¨Kg© t-
i. An Ideal Husband. (play)
ii. A women of No Importance. (play)
George Orwell
wZwbw GKRb Police Officer wQ‡jb|
Zvui Avmj bvg Eric Arthur Blair.
wZwb George Orwell QÝbv‡g wjL‡Zb|
weL¨vZ Dcb¨vm t-
i. Animal Farm.
ii. Nineteen Eighty Four.
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D.H. Lawrence
cy‡iv bvg t David Herbert Richard Lawrence.
weL¨vZ Dcb¨vm t-
i. Sons and Lovers
ii. Lady Chatterleys Lovers
iii. The Rainbow
wKš`, Rainbow bv‡g weL¨vZ KweZv Av‡Q William Wordsworth Gi|
E.M Forster
cy‡iv bvg t Edward Morgan Forster.
weL¨vZ Dcb¨vm t-
i. A Passage to India.
ii. A Room with a View
James Joyce
Ireland Gi weL¨vZ Jcb¨vwmK|
weL¨vZ eB t-
i. Ulysses (Novel)
we‡kl `ªóe¨ t Ulysses bv‡g GKwU weL¨vZ KweZv i‡q‡Q Victorian period Gi Kwe Alfred Tennyson Gi|
ii. Exiles (Play)
OHenry
Real name: William Sidney Porter.
Famous short stories:
i. The Gift of the Magi.
ii. Roads of Destiny.
we‡kl `ªóe¨ t Man of Destiny (play) bvUKwU wj‡L‡Q Ñ G.B Shaw.
iii. Hearts of the West.
Pearls S. Buck
wZwb mvwn‡Z¨ cÖ_g †bv‡ej cvIqv American bvix|
weL¨vZ Dcb¨vm t- The Good Earth Gi Rb¨ wZwb 1938 mv‡j mvwn‡Z¨ Noble cvb|
Rudyard Kipling
weL¨vZ Dcb¨vm t-
i. The Jungle Book GwU GKwU weL¨vZ wkï‡Zvl mvwnZ¨|
ii. Kim
Salman Rushdi
Atheist (bvw¯ÍK)
weL¨vZ eB (Bmjvg we‡Ølx) t- Satanic Verses
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weL¨vZ bvUK t-
i. Murder in the Cathedral
ii. The Cocktail Party
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Literary Terms
1. Alliteration : The repetition of beginning consonant sound.
A_©¨vr, e¨vÄbe‡Y©i cyYive„wˇK Alliteration ejv nq|
Example: Water, water everywhere.
Alliteration
Alliteration
Alliteration
Assonance
Assonance
Anaphora
Anaphora
4. Simile:
Simile Gi A_© n‡jv Dcgv/my¯úó Zzjbv|
kZ© 2wU _vK‡e|
i. `yÕwU wfbœag©x wRwb‡mi g‡a¨ Zzjbv Kiv n‡e|
ii. cÖ`Ë ev‡K¨ Zzjbv Ki‡Z “As ev Like” _vK‡e|
Example: My heart is like a singing bird. = simile
I wondered lonely as a cloud. = simile
He is as cunning as a fox. = simile
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5. Metaphor:
Metaphor A_© n‡jv iƒcK|
2wU wfbœ wel‡qi g‡a¨ Zzjbv Kiv n‡e wKš` †Kv‡bv DcgvevPK kã (As ev Like) _vK‡e bv|
Example: Banghabandhu is the Himalayas. = Metaphor
GLv‡b e½eÜz‡K wngvj‡qi mv‡_ Zzjbv Kiv n‡q‡QwKš` †Kv‡bv DcgvevPK kã bvB|
Life is but a walking shadow.
Revenge is a kind of wild justice.
All the worlds stage. = Metaphor
Their home is a prison. = Metaphor
we‡kl `ªóe¨ t GKB RvZxq e¯`/wel‡qi g‡a¨ Zzjbv n‡j Metaphor n‡e bv|
‡hgb t Nazrul is Shelley.
6. Soliloquy and Monologue :
Soliloquy Monologue
g‡bi K_v| gy‡Li K_v|
Speakers speaks to himself/herself. Speakers speaks to audience.
Hamlet by Shakespeare. GKK fvlY|
To be or not to be, evsjv mvwn‡Z¨ ÒKeiÓ|
That is the question. Robert Browning GUvi cÖe³v|
Shakespeare GUvi cÖe³v| KweZvt My last Duchess.
7. Epic: gnvKve¨/a long narrative poem/my`xN© †ivgvÂKi KvwnbxKve¨|
Epic cÖavYZ 2 cÖKvi|
i. Primary ev Oral Epic.
ii. Secondary ev Literary Epic.
Bs‡iwR mvwn‡Z¨ weL¨vZ gnvKve¨ t-
The Rape of the Lock. (Mock Epic) Alexander Pope.
The Faerie Queen. Edmund Spenser.
The Iliad, The Odyssey. Homer.
Paradise Lost, Paradise Regained. John Milton.
Aeneid. Virgil.
8. Climax: Kvwnbx ev bvU‡Ki Pig cwiYwZ| Climax n‡”Q bvU‡Ki m‡e©v”P ch©vq ev turning point ‡hLv‡b
NUbvi e„w× †kl nq Avi NUbvi cZb ïiæ nq|
Climax = at the height of a plot./turning point.
Example: “Veni, vidi, vici” (I came, I saw, I conquered).
9. Hyperbole: ‡Kv‡bv wKQz m¤ú‡K© evwo‡q ejv/PvcvevwR Kiv/cv¤ú †`Iqv/overstatement Kiv/gvÎvwi³ ejv|
Example: Ten thousand saw I at a glance.
GLv‡b AwZiwÃZ Kiv n‡q‡Q KviY †KD at a glance Ten thousand MYbv Ki‡Z cv‡i bv|
I have told you a million times.
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I loved Ophelia. Forty thousand brothers could not with all their quantity of
love make up my some.
10. Limerick:
Limerick = gRvi Qov|
Limerick is a funny poem of five lines.
cvuP jvB‡bi nvm¨-imvZ¥K/KweZv ev Qov‡K Limerick e‡j|
11. Elegy:
‡kvK Mv_v KweZv|/Word for lamentation (wejvc).
†h KweZvq `ytL, AbyZvc, †e`bv cÖKvk K‡i Zv‡K Elegy e‡j|
Writers Elegies hvi g„Zz¨i Rb¨ †jLv n‡q‡Q
Edmund Spenser Astrophel Sir Philip Sydney
John Milton Lycidas Kwei eÜz Edward King
John Milton Song on Shakespeare Shakespeare
P.B Shelley Adonais John Keats
Alfred Tennyson In Memoriam Arthur Henry Hallam
12. Irony: wb›`v”Q‡j cÖksmv ev cÖmskv”Q‡j wb›`v/evuk †`Iqv wKš` nvm‡Z nvm‡Z, Zv‡K Irony ejv nq|
Zzwg Avgvi Ggb fv‡jv eÜz †h Avgvi wec‡` mevi Av‡M cvjvI|
†Q‡j fv‡jv Z‡e g` cvb K‡i|
The showed his merit by making twenty mistakes in ten ten minutes.
My name is Ozymandias, King of king.
Brutus is an honorable man.
Go ask him, if he be married, my grave is like to be my wedding bed.
13. Oxymoron/Antithesis/Paradox:
Oxymoron: cvkvcvwk (wi·vi gZ) 2wU wecixZ kã _vK‡j Zv Oxymoron.
Open secret
Awfully delicious
Foolish wisdom
Living dead
Pretty cruel
Happy sad
Dark light
Antithesis: hLb 2wU wecixZ kã Avjv`v Avjv`v 2wU ev‡K¨ e‡m wecixZ A_© cÖKvk Ki‡e G‡K Antithesis ejv nq|
Example: Man propose, God dispose.
Love is an ideal thing, Marriage is a real thing.
You are easy on the eyes, but hard on the heart.
we‡kl `ªóe¨ t GLv‡b Oxymoron Ges Antithesis Gi g~j cv_©K¨ n‡jv Ñ
2wU wecixZ kã cvkvcvwk _vK‡j Zv Oxymoron |
wKš` 2wU Avjv`v ev‡K¨ _vK‡j Zv Antithesis|
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