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Asm 48 PDF
Asm 48 PDF
(ECONOMICS)
Each student will complete the project in summer vacations . Project should be
of 3,500-4,000 words (excluding diagrams & graphs), preferably hand-written . It
will be an independent, self-directed piece of study
Each student will present the research work in the Project File
Scope of the project: Learners may work upon the following lines:
Choose a title/topic
Collection of the research material/data
Organization of material/data Present material/data
Analysing the material/data for conclusion
Draw the relevant conclusion Presentation of the Project Work
Expected Checklist:
Introduction of topic/title
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Citation of the materials referred to, in the file in footnotes, resources section,
bibliography etc.
Self-help group
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Any other newspaper article and its evaluation on basis of economic principles
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Accountancy
(1) Comprehensive Project : Case Studies allotted group wise in the
class have to be done in A 4 size sheets in the project file. The
students have to frame Journal entries for all the transactions given,
then post them into Ledgers, make the Trial Balance, Trading Profit
and Loss Account and Balance Sheet. Finally the results of the
operations are to be analysed by computing different ratios and
compared with the industry standard as instructed in the class.
Q:1 A, B and C started a firm on 1st Oct, 2017 sharing profits equally. A
drew regularly Rs 4,000 in the beginning of every month for the six months
month for the six months 31st March 2018. C drew regularly Rs 4,000 in the
middle of every month for the six months ended 31st March, 2018.
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2018.
Partnership Deed for interest on capital, this has been provided to the
accounts @5% p.a for the two years ended 31st March, 2017 and
31st March 2018. Their fixed capitals on which interest was calculated
2016-17 5:3:2.
2017-18 2:2:1
3,00,000 for the year 2017-18 were distributed in the ratio of 4:1:1 after
allowing interest on capital @ 10% pa. During the year each partner
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drawings but provided for interest on capital @ 12% pa. Pas adjustment
entry.
ii) B drew Rs 8,000 at the end of every month for 9 months ending
31stMarch 2016.
iii) C drew Rs 8,000 every month for 9 months ending 31st March 2016.
Q:5 A and B are partners sharing the profits and losses in the ratio of 3:2
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even if it involves the firm in losses and the profit for the year are Rs
15,000.
2,00,000 resp and agreed to share profits and losses in the ratio of
cases:
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Q:7 Shikha and Fatima were partners in a firm sharing profits in the ratio of
5:3. Their fixed capitals on 1.4.2017 were : Shikha Rs 3,00,000 and Fatima
charge on drawings @ 15% p.a. The profit of the firm for the year ended
made by Shikha were Rs 10,000 and by Fatima Rs 20,000 during the year.
Prepare Profit and Loss Appropriation A/c. The interest on capital will be
46,000 at the end of four months but withdraws Rs 16,000 at the end of
of 5 months.
Firm earned a profit of Rs 23,750 during the year. You are required to show
the division of profits on the basis of the effective capital employed by each
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Q:9 X, Y and Z are partners sharing profits and losses in the ratio of 3:2:1.
After the final accounts have been prepared, it was discovered that interest
on drawings had not been taken into consideration. The interest on drawing
Q:10 R and S were partners in a firm sharing profits in 3:2 ratio. Their resp
During the year ended 31.3.2016, R’s drawings were Rs 10,000 per month
drawn at the end of every month and S’s drawings were Rs 20,000 per
month drawn in the beginning of every month. After the preparation of final
accounts for the year ended 31.3.2016 it was discovered that interest on
Calculate interest on R’s drawings and give necessary adjusting entry for
the same.
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Q:11 Praveen, Sahil and Riya are partners having fixed capitals of Rs
the ratio of 3:1:1. The Partnership Deed provided for the following which
iii) Transfer of profit to General Reserve Rs 10,000. Net profit for the
year ended 31st March, 2015 distributed among the partners was
Q:12 The partners of a firm distributed the profits for the year ended
31st March, 2016, Rs 90,000 in the ratio of 3:2:1 without providing for the
following adjustments :
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Pass necessary journal entry for the above adjustments in the book of the
firm.
Q13. PK, MK and NK shared profits in the ratio of 3:2:1. The profits of the
respectively. These profits were by mistake, shared equally for all the three
A partnership firm earned net profits during the last three years as follows:
Years Profit
2007-08 38,000
2008-09 44,000
2009-10 50,000
The Capital Employed in the firm throughout the above mentioned period
has been Rs.80,000. Having regard to the risk involved, 15% is considered
to be a fair return on the capital. The remuneration of all the partners during
goodwill on the basis of (i) Two years purchase of super profits earned on
average basis during the above mentioned three years and (ii)
Capitalization method.
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Q:2 A, B and C are in partnership sharing profits and losses in the ratio of
5:4:1 resp. Two new partners D and E are admitted. Profits are now to be
shared in the ratio of 3:4:2:2:1 resp. D is to pay Rs 30,000 for his share of
goodwill but E has insufficient cash to pay for goodwill. Both the new
entries.
Q:3 A & B are partners in a firm. They admit C as a partner with 1/4 th share
in the profits of the firm. C brings Rs 2,00,000 as his share of capital. Value
Q:4 Balance Sheet of X, and Y who share profits and losses in the ratio of
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Liabilities Rs Assets Rs
2,65,000 2,65,000
They admit Z as a partner from 1st April, 2015 with 1/5th share in the
profits of the firm. Z brings in Rs 50,000 as his capital. Give Journal entry
Q:5 A, B and C were partners in a firm sharing profits and losses in the
ratio of 3:1:1. On 1st April, 2015, their Balance Sheet stood as:
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Liabilities Rs Assets Rs
Fund
3,83,000 3,83,000
They admitted D into partnership for 1/5th share of profits on the above
13,000 only.
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ii) Even if they are not distributed then also they will remain in the
Q:7 Murari and Vohra were partners in a firm with capitals of Rs 1,20,000
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On that date the creditors of the firm were Rs 60,000 and Bank overdraft
was Rs 15,000. Their assets apart from cash included stock Rs 10,000;
appreciated by 25%.
Prepare Revaluation A/c, Capital A/cs and the Balance Sheet of the new
firm.
Q:9 A and B are partners in a firm. Their Balance Sheet as at 31st March,
2015 was:
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Liabilities Rs Assets Rs
4,000
Provision for
Compensation
Reserve
1,52,600 1,52,600
======== ==========
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conditions:
three years, less Rs 12,000. The profits of last three years were Rs
Prepare Revaluation A/c, Capital A/c and the new Balance Sheet.
Q:10 X and Y are partners in a firm sharing profits in the ratio of 3:2. The
for 1/5th share to be acquired equally from both X and Y. The Capitals of
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the old partners are to be adjusted on the basis of the proportion of Z’s
capital to his share in the business. Calculate the amount of actual cash to
Q:11 A and B are partners in a firm sharing profits in the ratio of 3:1 . they
admitted K as a new partner for 3/8th share . The new ratio will be 3:2:3. K
brought rs 2,00,000 for his capital and Rs 50,000 for his share of goodwill.
Liabilities Rs Assets Rs
Debtors 80,000
A’s Capital 4,00,000 Stock 1,50,000
B’s 1,00,00 Furniture 50,000
Capital
5,80,000 5,80,000
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conditions:
debtors.
iv) The Capitals Accounts of all the partners were adjusted in the
New ratio after admission. For surplus or deficiency, the Current Accounts
were to be opened.
Sheets.
Q:12 Why is there a need to revalue assets and liabilities at the time of
admission of a partner?
partner, C is admitted for 1/5th share. At that time Reserves existed in the
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partner, C is admitted for 1/5th share. At that time Reserves existed in the
Calculate the total amount C will bring to become a partner and pass
necessary entries.
partner, C is admitted for 1/5th share. At that time Reserves existed in the
1,80,000 for capital but is unable to bring his share of goodwill premium of
Rs 10,000.
contribution.
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their capital accounts on the basis of their profit sharing ratio. D is not in a
position to bring in any amount for his share of goodwill. The adjustment
BUSINESS STUDIES
Do any one of the following two projects:
1. A departmental store.
2. An Industrial unit.
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OR
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17. Any schemes for (i) The wholesaler (ii) The retailer (iii) The
consumer
21. What cost effective techniques will you follow for your product.
22. What cost effective techniques will you follow for your
promotion plan.
On the basis of the work done by the students the project report
5. Tagline.
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reasons.
Project Report At the end of the stipulated term, each student will
and submission.
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Entrepreneurship
Introduction:
The main objective of the course in Entrepreneurship is to generate
among students the initiative, creativity, self-reliance and enthusiasm
so as to empower them to become entrepreneurs, both in spirit and
performance. A number of skills such as observation, evaluation,
communication, resource mobilization and management, risk
assessment, teams building etc. are also to be developed in the students.
Leadership qualities, sensitivity to business ethics and adherence to a
positive value system are the core disciplines that the course highlights
while presenting different concepts related to entrepreneurship. Such a
course should necessarily have a strong experiential component in the
form of practical work. The objectives of the practical work for
students are:
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(a) Survey 1:
A Simple market research with the objective of estimating the demand for an existing
product in the market and also gives innovative suggestion for the product
improvement.
(b) Survey 2:
Conduct a survey for a NEW INNOVATIVE product
c) Survey 3:
Conduct a survey for a study on:
o Smoking habits
o Skill trading option in an economically backward neighbourhood
o Wearing helmets
o Attitudes of road users
o Conservation of electricity
o Re-harvesting of rain water
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o Only white inter-leaf sheets are to be used. Please avoid using coloured sheets except
for the title pages.
o The total length of the projects will be at least 25-30 pages each.
o The projects must be neat and well presented and must be completely hand-written. No
whiteners to be used or written matter to be crossed out. In case of any mistakes, redo the
sheet.
o Colour graphs and pie charts (if it is relevant for any aspect of your project) to make
them look attractive.
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Try to identify 5 competitive brands and their compare them with your product.
One sample is given below. You can add or delete basis of comparison.
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PHYSICS
Assignment has to be done in register.
Complete Physics practical file as per discussion in the class.
Complete Investigatory project file as per discussion in the class.
Prepare for Weekly test II
BIOLOGY
Assignment has to be done in register
Chapter - Biotechnology – Principles and Processes
Complete Biology practical file as per discussion in the class.
Complete Investigatory project file except readings/observations
Prepare for Weekly test II
(1 Mark)
1. What does Hin’‘d’ and ‘III’ refer to in the enzyme Hind III?
2. State what happens when an alien gene is ligated at Sal site of
pBR322 plasmid?
3. Why is it essential to have a selectable marker in a cloning vector?
4. In the year 1963, two enzymes responsible for restricting the
growth of bacteriophage in E.coli were isolated. How did the
enzymes act to restrict the growth of bacteriophage?
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15. How are recombinant vectors created? Why is only one type of
restriction endonuclease required for creating one recombinant
vector?
16. (a) Illustrate the recognition sequence of EcoRI and mention what
such sequences are called?
(b) How does restriction endonuclease act on DNA molecule?
17. Study the diagram given below and answer the following questions:
(
(a) Why have DNA fragments in band D moved farther away in
comparison to those in band C?
(b) Identify the anode end in the diagram. Why do DNA fragments
move towards the anode during gel electrophoresis?
(c) How are these DNA fragments visualized?
18. How does a restriction endonuclease function? Explain.
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28. Name and describe the technique that helps in separating the DNA
fragments formed by the use of restriction endonuclease.
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CHEMISTRY
Complete practical files and project files and submit on July 1,2019.
Practice NCERT Questions of the topics covered.
Following are the assignments of Ch-Solution and Ch-Aldehydes,Ketones and
Carboxylic acids.
Assignments to be done in the assignment sheets and to be submitted on
July1,2019.
ASSIGNMENT (CHEMISTRY)
CHAPTER 2 : SOLUTIONS
1. State the condition resulting in reverse osmosis.
2. Two liquids A and B boil at 145oC and 190oC respectively. Which of them has
a higher vapour pressure at 80oC?
3. Of 0.1 molal solutions of glucose and sodium chloride respectively, which
one will have a higher boiling point?
4. Give reason when 30 ml of ethyl alcohol and 30 ml of water are mixed, the
volume of resulting solution is more than 60 ml.
5. When does Raoult’s Law become special case of Henry’s law? What does
pA>poAxA indicate?
6. When outer shell of two eggs are removed, one of the eggs is placed in pure
water and other is placed in saturated solution of NaCl, what will be
observed and why?
7. Why is benzene insoluble in water but soluble in toluene?
8. Explain with a suitable diagram and appropriate examples why some non-
ideal solutions show positive deviation from ideal behaviour.
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10. The boiling point of a solution of urea in water is 100.13oC. Calculate the
freezing point of solution. (Kf and Kb for water are 1.86 K/m and 0.52 K/m
respectively).
Ans. 272.535 K
11. Why is a person suffering from high blood pressure is advised to take
minimum quantity of salt?
12. A solution containing 0.5126 g naphthalene ( molar mass = 128 g mol-1) in 50
g of CCl4 yields a boiling point of elevation of 0.402oC while a solution of
0.6216 g of an unknown solute in the same weight of the same solvent gives
a boiling point elevation of 0.647oC. Find the molecular mass of the unknown
solute. Ans. 96.46 gmol -1
13. Calculate the freezing point of an aqueous solution containing 10.50g of
MgBr2 in 200g of water. (Molar mass of MgBr2 = 184, kf for water = 1.86 K Kg
mol-1) Ans. -1.59OC
14. Cutting onions taken from the fridge is more comfortable than cutting onions
lying at room temperature. Explain why.
15. A solution containing 15g urea (M.M.=60gmol-1) per litre of solution in water
has the same osmotic pressure (isotonic) as a solution of glucose
(M.M.=180gmol-1) in water. Calculate the mass of glucose present in one litre
of the solution. (Ans.45g)
16. Addition of a compound to 50 mL of benzene (density 0.879gmL-1) lowers
the freezing point from 5.51OC to 5.03OC. Kf for benzene is 5.12 KKgmol-1,
calculate the molar mass of the compound.
Ans. 156.06u
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17. A 0.1539 molal solution of cane sugar has a freezing point of 271 K. What
will be the freezing point of aqueous solution containing 5g of glucose per
100g of solution. (Ans.269.09K)
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MATHEMATICS
TASK I : Practice Sheet
TASK 2 : Math Lab Activities
TASK I : Practice Sheet (to be done on separate sheets)
Matrices and Determinants
Q.1 Using both row as well as column transformation find the inverse of
following matrices:
é 3 -3 4 ù é 3 -1 -2 ù
ê ú ê ú
(i) ê 2 -3 4 ú (ii) ê 2 0 -1 ú
ê 0 -1 1 ú ê 3 -5 0 ú
ë û ë û
é 1 2 2 ù
ê ú
Q.2 If A = ê 2 1 2 ú, verify that A2-4A-5I =0. Hence find A-1.
ê 2 2 1 ú
ë û
(x +1)(x + 2) x + 2 1 p 2 + 2 p 2 p +1 1
(i) (x + 2)(x + 3) x + 3 1 = -2 (ii) 2 p +1 p+2 1 = ( p -1)3
(x + 3)(x + 4) x + 4 1 3 3 1
(b + c)2 a2 bc
(iii) (c + a)2 b2 ca = (a - b)(b - c)(c - a)(a + b + c)(a 2 + b 2 + c 2 )
(a + b)2 c2 ab
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é 3 -1 1 ù é 1 2 -2 ù
ê ú ê ú
Q.5 If A-1= ê -15 6 -5 ú and B = ê -1 3 0 ú then find (AB) .
-1
ê 5 -2 2 ú ê 0 -2 1 ú
ë û ë û
é 4 1 2 ù
ê ú
Q.6 If A = ê -5 -3 3 ú, find A-1 and hence solve the following
ê -11 1 -7 ú
ë û
system of equations: 4x-5y-11z = 12, x-3y+z =1, 2x+3y-7 = 2.
Inverse Trigonometric Functions
Q. 7 Prove that:
(i) cot −1 7+cot −1 8 + cot −1 18 = cot −1 3
3 17 𝜋
(ii) 2sin−1 5 - tan−1 31 = 4
𝜋 1
(iii)cot −1 [𝑥 + √1 + 𝑥 2 ] = − tan−1 𝑥
4 2
𝑥− 𝑥 −1
(iv) cos −1 [𝑥+ 𝑥 −1 ] = 2 cot −1 𝑥
(v) sin−1(𝑥√1 − 𝑥 − √𝑥√1 − 𝑥 2 ) = sin−1 𝑥 − sin−1 √𝑥
1−𝑥 1−𝑦 𝑦−𝑥
(vi) tan−1 1+𝑥 - tan−1 1+𝑦 = sin−1 2 2 √1+ 𝑥 √1+ 𝑦
Q.8 Solve for x :
8
(i) tan−1 (𝑥 + 2) + tan−1 (𝑥 − 2) = tan−1 79 ,𝑥 > 0
2𝑥 1−𝑥 2 2𝜋
(ii) tan−1{1− 𝑥 2 } + cot −1{ }= ,𝑥 > 0
2𝑥 3
3
(iii)cos (tan−1 𝑥) = sin (cot −1 4)
(iv)sin−1 𝑥 + sin−1(1 − 𝑥) = cos−1 𝑥
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𝑥 𝑦 𝑥2 2𝑥𝑦 𝑦2
Q.9 If cos−1 𝑎 + cos−1 𝑏 = 𝜃 , Prove that 𝑎2 − cos 𝜃 + 𝑏2 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝜃.
𝑎𝑏
1
−1 {sin(cot −1 𝑥2+ 1 2
Q.10 Prove that cos[tan 𝑥)}] = (𝑥 2 + 2)
−1 2
Q.11 Find : sin (2 tan ) + cos(tan−1 √3)
3
Continuity and Differentiability
𝑑𝑦
Q.12 Find 𝑑𝑥 if
5𝑥
(i) y = tan−1 1−6 𝑥2
𝑥2+ 1
(ii)y = sec −1 (𝑥 2 − 1)
1−𝑥
(iii) y = sin [2 tan−1 √1+𝑥]
2𝑥−3 √1− 𝑥2
(iv) y = cos −1 { }
√13
𝑑𝑦 𝑥 2 √1− 𝑦 6
Q. 13 If √1 − 𝑥 6 + √1 − 𝑦 6 = 𝑎 (𝑥 3 − 𝑦 3 ) , Prove that =
𝑑𝑥 𝑦 2 √1− 𝑥 6
.
𝑑𝑦 𝑦
Q.14 If 𝑥 𝑝 . 𝑦 𝑞 = (𝑥 + 𝑦)𝑝+𝑞 , prove that 𝑑𝑥 = .
𝑥
√1+𝑥 2 − 1
Q.15 Differentiate tan−1 ( ) w.r.t. tan−1 𝑥 .
𝑥
𝑑2 𝑦 𝑑𝑦
Q.16 If y = A cos(log 𝑥) + B sin(log 𝑥 ) , prove that 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + 𝑦=
𝑑𝑥
0.
𝑥
Q. 17 If y = x log(𝑎+𝑏𝑥) , Prove that
𝑑2 𝑦 𝑑𝑦 2
𝑥 3 𝑑𝑥 2 = (𝑥 𝑑𝑥 − 𝑦) .
𝑚
Q.18 If y = (𝑥 + √𝑥 2 + 1) , prove that
(x2 + 1) y2 + xy1 – m2y = 0
√1+𝑘𝑥 – √1−𝑘𝑥
Q.19 Find the value of k , for which f(x) = , -1 ≤ 𝑥 <
𝑥
2𝑥+1
0 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑓(𝑥) = , 0≤ 𝑥 < 1 is continuous at x = 0.
𝑥−2
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Application of Derivatives
Q.20 A metal box with a square base and vertical sides is to contain1024
cm3.The material for the top and bottom costs Rs 5/cm2 and the material for
the sides cost Rs 2.50/cm2. Find the least cost of the box.
(Ans: Rs 1920)
Q.21 A given quantity of metal is to be cast into a solid half circular
cylinder (i.e. with rectangular base and semicircular ends ). Show that in
order that the total surface area may be minim+um ,the ratio of the length of
the cylinder to the diameter of its circular ends is
𝜋: (𝜋 + 2).
Q.22 An isosceles triangle of vertical angle2 𝜃 is inscribed in a circle of
𝜋
radius ‘a’. Show that the area of triangle is maximum when = .
6
𝜋
Q.23 Prove that 𝑓(𝑥) = sin 𝑥 + √3 cos 𝑥 has maximum value at 𝑥 = 6 .
Q.24 Water is dripping out at a steady rate of 1cm3/sec through a tiny hole
at the vertex of the conical vessel whose axis is vertical . When the slant
height of water in the vessel is 4 cm, find the rate of decrease of slant height
𝜋 1
, where the semi vertical angle of the conical vessel is 6 . (𝐴𝑛𝑠: 𝑐𝑚/
2√3𝜋
𝑠𝑒𝑐. )
Q.25 Using Differentials , find the approximate value of √0.24 .
(Ans: 0.49)
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Activity 1
OBJECTIVE MATERIAL REQUIRED
METHOD OF CONSTRUCTION
Take a piece of plywood and paste a white paper on it. Fix the wires
randomly on the plywood with the help of nails such that some of them are
parallel, some are perpendicular to each other and some are inclined as
shown in Fig.1.
DEMONSTRATION
1. Let the wires represent the lines l1, l2, ..., l8.
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3. l6 is perpendicular to l7.
OBSERVATION
____________________________________________________(Justify)
2._______________________________________________(symmetric /not)
________________________________________________(Justify)
3._____________________________________________(Transitive or not)
_______________________________________________(Justify)
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Activity 2
OBJECTIVE MATERIAL REQUIRED
METHOD OF CONSTRUCTION
1. Paste a plastic strip on the left hand side of the cardboard and fix three nails
on it as shown in the Fig.3.1. Name the nails on the strip as 1, 2 and 3.
2. Paste another strip on the right hand side of the cardboard and fix two nails in
the plastic strip as shown in Fig.3.2. Name the nails on the strip as a and b.
3. Join nails on the left strip to the nails on the right strip as shown in Fig. 3.3.
DEMONSTRATION
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OBSERVATION
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Activity 3
OBJECTIVE MATERIAL REQUIRED
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METHOD OF CONSTRUCTION
1. Paste a plastic strip on the left hand side of the cardboard and fix two nails
in it as shown in the Fig. 4.1. Name the nails as a and b.
2. Paste another strip on the right hand side of the cardboard and fix three nails
on it as shown in the Fig. 4.2. Name the nails on the right strip as 1, 2 and
3.
3. Join nails on the left strip to the nails on the right strip as shown in the Fig. 4.3
DEMONSTRATION
1. Take the set X = {a, b}
OBSERVATION
1. The image of the element a of X in Y is
_____________. The image of the element b
of X in Y is _____________.
Thus, Fig. 4.3 represents a function which is _________ but not onto.
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Activity 4
OBJECTIVE MATERIAL REQUIRED
To draw the graph of sin −1 x , using Cardboard, white chart paper, ruler,
the graph of sin x and demonstrate the coloured pens, adhesive, pencil,
concept of mirror reflection (about eraser, cutter, nails and thin wires.
the line y = x).
METHOD OF CONSTRUCTION
3. On the paper, draw two lines, perpendicular to each other and name them
X′OX and YOY′ as rectangular axes [see Fig. 5].
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6. Repeat the above process on the other side of the x-axis, marking the
points
−𝜋 −𝜋 −𝜋 −𝜋 −𝜋 −𝜋
( , sin ) , ( , sin ) , … … … ( , sin ) approximately and fix nails
6 6 4 4 2 2
on these points as N1′, N2′, N3′, N4′. Also fix a nail at O.
7. Join the nails with the help of a tight wire on both sides of x-axis to get the
−𝜋 𝜋
graph of sin x from 𝑡𝑜 .
2 2
8. Draw the graph of the line y = x (by plotting the points (1,1), (2, 2),
(3, 3), ...etc. and fixing a wire on these points).
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9. From the nails N1, N2, N3, N4, draw perpendicular on the line y = x
and produce these lines such that length of perpendicular on both
sides of the line y = x are equal. At these points fix nails, I1,I2,I3,I4.
10. Repeat the above activity on the other side of X- axis and fix nails at
I1′,I2′,I3′,I4′.
11. Join the nails on both sides of the line y = x by a tight wire that
will show the graph of y sin −1 x .
DEMONSTRATION
Put a mirror on the line y = x. The image of the graph of sin x in the mirror will
represent the graph of sin−1 x showing that sin–1 x is mirror reflection of sin x
and vice versa.
OBSERVATION
The image of the graph of six x in y = x is the graph of _________, and the
image of the graph of sin–1x in y = x is the graph of __________.
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Activity 5
OBJECTIVE MATERIAL REQUIRED
sketch pen.
METHOD OF CONSTRUCTION
1. Take a cardboard of a convenient size and paste a white paper on it.
2. Take two wires of convenient size and fix them on the white paper
pasted on the plywood to represent x-axis and y-axis (see Fig. 11).
3. Take a piece of wire of 15 cm length and bend it in the shape of a curve
and fix it on the plywood as shown in the figure.
4. Take two straight wires of the same length and fix them in such way that
they are perpendicular to x-axis at the points A and B and meeting the
curve at the points C and D (see Fig.11).
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DEMONSTRATION
1. In the figure, let the curve represent the function y = f (x). Let OA = a
units and OB = b units.
2. The coordinates of the points A and B are (a, 0) and (b, 0), respectively.
3. There is no break in the curve in the interval [a, b]. So, the function f is
continuous on [a, b].
4. The curve is smooth between x = a and x = b which means that at each
point, a tangent can be drawn which in turn gives that the function f is
differentiable in the interval (a, b).
5. As the wires at A and B are of equal lengths, i.e., AC = BD, so f (a) = f
(b).
6. In view of steps (3), (4) and (5), conditions of Rolle’s theorem are
satisfied. From Fig.11, we observe that tangents at P as well as Q are
parallel to x-axis, therefore, f ′ (x) at P and also at Q are zero.
Thus, there exists at least one value c of x in (a,b) such that f ′ (c) = 0.
OBSERVATION
From Fig. 11.
a= ______________, b = _____________
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Activity 6
OBJECTIVE MATERIAL REQUIRED
METHOD OF CONSTRUCTION
1.Take a piece of plywood and paste a white paper on it.
2.Take two wires of convenient size and fix them on the white paper pasted on
the plywood to represent x-axis and y-axis (see Fig. 12).
3.Take a piece of wire of about 10 cm length and bend it in the shape of a curve
as shown in the figure. Fix this curved wire on the white paper pasted on the
plywood.
4.Take two straight wires of lengths 10 cm and 13 cm and fix them at two
different points of the curve parallel to y-axis and their feet touching the x-axis.
Join the two points, where the two vertical wires meet the curve, using another
wire.
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5. Take one more wire of a suitable length and fix it in such a way that it is
tangential to the curve and is parallel to the wire joining the two points on the
curve (see Fig. 12).
DEMONSTRATION
1. Let the curve represent the function y = f (x). In the figure, let OA = a
units and OB = b units.
𝑓(𝑏)− 𝑓(𝑎)
6. is the slope of the chord MN.
𝑏−𝑎
𝑓(𝑏)− 𝑓(𝑎)
7. MN is parallel to PQ , therefore , 𝑓 ′ (𝑐 ) = . Thus, the
𝑏−𝑎
OBSERVATION
1. a = __________, b = ______________,
b – a = ________,
𝑓(𝑏)− 𝑓(𝑎)
3. = _________= Slope of MN
𝑏−𝑎
4. 𝑆𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑃𝑄 𝑖𝑠 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑙 𝑡𝑜 𝑀𝑁 𝑖𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑒𝑠 𝑆𝑙𝑜𝑝𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑃𝑄 = 𝑓 ′ (𝑐 ) =
𝑓(𝑏)− 𝑓(𝑎)
𝑏−𝑎
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Activity 7
OBJECTIVE MATERIAL REQUIRED
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METHOD OF CONSTRUCTION
5. Taking different values of x in [–2, 2], find the values of f (x) and
plot the ordered pairs (x, f (x)).
DEMONSTRATION
1. Some ordered pairs satisfying f (x) are as follows:
2. Plotting these points on the chart paper and joining the points by a free hand
curve, the curve obtained is shown in the figure.
OBSERVATION
1. The absolute maximum value of f (x) is ________ at x =
________.
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Activity 8
OBJECTIVE
To verify that amongst all the rect-angles of the same perimeter, the
square has the maximum area.
MATERIAL REQUIRED
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SECTOR-22, ROHINI
METHOD OF CONSTRUCTION
𝑅1 16 cm × 8 cm 𝑅2 15 cm × 9 cm
𝑅3 14 cm × 10 cm 𝑅4 13 cm × 11 cm
𝑅5 12 cm × 12 cm 𝑅6 12.5 cm × 11.5 cm
𝑅7 10.5 cm × 13.5 cm
3. Cut out these rectangles and paste them on the white paper on the
cardboard (see Fig. 18 (i) to (vii)).
DEMONSTRATION
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2. Perimeter of each rectangle is same but their area are different. Area of
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Activity 9
OBJECTIVE MATERIAL REQUIRED
To evaluate the definite integral Cardboard, white paper, scale,
METHOD OF CONSTRUCTION
2. Draw two perpendicular lines to represent coordinate axes XOX′ and YOY′.
3. Draw a quadrant of a circle with O as centre and radius 1 unit (10 cm) as
shown in Fig.19.
The curve in the 1st quadrant represents the graph of the function √1 − 𝑥 2 in
the interval [0,1].
DEMONSTRATION
2. Divide P0P10 into 10 equal parts with points of division as, P1, P2, P3, ...,
P9 .
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4. y0 = P0Q0 = 1 units
y1 = P1Q1 =
0.99 units y2
= P2Q2 = 0.97
units y3 =
P3Q3 = 0.95
units y4 =
P4Q4 = 0.92
units y5 =
P5Q5 = 0.87
units y6 =
P6Q6 = 0.8
units y7 =
P7Q7 = 0.71
units y8 =
P8Q8 = 0.6
units y9 =
P9Q9 = 0.43
units
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5. Area of the quadrant of the circle (area bounded by the curve and
the two axis) = sum of the areas of trapeziums
1
= 2 × 0.1 [(1 + 0.99) + (0.99 + 0.97) + (0.97 + 0.95) +
(0.95 + 0.92) + (0.92 + 0.87) + (0.87 + 0.8) + (0.8 + 0.71) +
(0.71 + 0.6) + (0.6 + 0.43) + (0.43)]
= 0.1 [0.5 + 0.99 + 0.97 + 0.95 + 0.92 + 0.87 + 0.80 + 0.71 + 0.60 + 0.43]
1
1 𝑥√1−𝑥 2 1
6. Definite Integral =∫0 √1 − 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 = [ + sin−1 𝑥]
2 2
0
1 𝜋 3.14
=2×2 = = 0.785 𝑠𝑞. 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠
4
Thus, the area of the quadrant as a limit of a sum is nearly the same as area
obtained by actual integration.
OBSERVATION
1. Function representing the arc of the quadrant of the circle is y = ______.
1
= ∫0 √1 − 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥sq. units
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Activity 10
OBJECTIVE MATERIAL REQUIRED
METHOD OF CONSTRUCTION
2. Make a square and divide it into 36 unit squares of size 1cm each (see Fig. 27).
DEMONSTRATION
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OBSERVATION
1. Outcome(s) favourable to A : _________, n (A) = _________.
4. P (A ∩ B) = _________.
5. P (A | B) = _________ = _________.
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HISTORY
PROJECT WORK
INTRODUCTION:
History is one of the most important disciplines in school education. It is the study of
the past, which helps us to understand our present and shape our future. It promotes the
acquisition and understanding of historical knowledge in breath and in depth across
cultures. The course of history in senior secondary classes is to enable students to know
that history is a critical discipline, a process of enquiry, a way of knowing about the past
rather than just a collection of facts. The syllabus helps them to understand the process,
through which a historian collects, chooses, scrutinizes and assembles different types of
evidences to write history. Project work gives students an opportunity to develop higher
cognitive skills. It takes students to a life beyond text books and provides them a
platform to refer materials, gather information, analyze it further to obtain relevant
information and decide what matter to keep and hence understand how history is
constructed.
OBJECTIVES:
Project work will help students:
To develop skill to gather data from a variety of sources, investigate
diverse viewpoints and arrive at logical deductions.
To develop skill to comprehend, analyze, interpret, evaluate historical evidence
and understand the limitation of historical evidence.
To develop 21st century managerial skills of co-ordination, self-direction and time
management.
To learn to work on diverse cultures, races, religions and lifestyles.
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GEOGRAPHY
PRACTICAL WORK
b) Written work has to be done in neat and clean and in good handwriting
c) Human Development
3. Complete the pending assignment questions as well as map work from the chapters
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POLITICAL SCIENCE
PROJECT WORK
OBJECTIVES: - Project work will help students: -
To develop skills to gather data from a variety of sources, investigate diverse viewpoints and arrive at logical
deductions.
To learn to work on diverse political systems, policies and programmes and understand the various
dimensions associated with politics.
To inculcate a spirit of inquiry, research and independent approach towards various issues affecting national
and international politics.
Other details and guidelines related to the project work will be discussed thoroughly by the teacher in the
class.
The Project can be made on any of the topics given in the syllabus of a particular class.
Units
Part A: Contemporary World Politics
1 Cold War Era
2 The End of bipolarity
3 US Hegemony in World Politics
4 Alternative centres of Power
5 Contemporary South Asia
6 International Organizations
7 Security in Contemporary World
8 Environment and Natural Resource
9 Globalization
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PSYCHOLOGY
1. Development of a case profile using appropriate methods of enquiry
and data collection and employing suitable tests for assessment of
personality and psychological attributes.
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COMPUTER SCIENCE
7 To display the number of lines in the file and size of a file in bytes.
8 Remove all the lines that contain the character `a' in a file and write it to another file.
9 To get rnos ,names and marks of the students of a class and store these details in a
file called "Marks.dat".
10 Recursively find the factorial of a natural number.
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17 Write a Python function sin(x, n) to calculate the value of sin(x) using its Taylor
series expansion up to n terms. Compare the values of sin(x) for different values
of n with the correct value.
18 Write a Python program to implement a stack using a list data-structure.
25 Take a sample of 10 phishing e-mails and find the most common words.
PROJECT WORK
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DBMS
ASSIGNMENTS
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ENGLISH
Class XII will be attempting the Reading and Writing sections of the 10
sample UPLOADED ON ENTAB AS INDUCTED IN THE CLASS.
HOLIDAY ASSIGNMENT
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Commercial Art
Write the short note on given below topic with appropriate pictures -
Make five human and animals figure every day in your sketch book.
Poster:
Make 4 posters on half imperial size paper by using the poster color.
You are free to choose any two social issues promotion and two product
promotion related theme.
Illustration:
www.behance.net/poster/illustration
http://www.dsource.in/course/history-indian-
illustration/prominent-indian-illustrators.
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