Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Iot Based Smart Parking System: January 2016
Iot Based Smart Parking System: January 2016
net/publication/303842610
CITATIONS READS
125 103,002
2 authors:
All content following this page was uploaded by Abhirup Khanna on 03 November 2017.
Abstract— In recent times the concept of smart cities to create and host their applications on it. Cloud acts as a
have gained grate popularity. Thanks to the evolution of perfect partner for IoT as it acts as a platform where all the
Internet of things the idea of smart city now seems to be sensor data can be stored and accessed from remote
achievable. Consistent efforts are being made in the field locations[11]. These factors gave rise to the amalgamation of
of IoT in order to maximize the productivity and reliability both technologies thus leading to the formation of a new
of urban infrastructure. Problems such as, traffic technology called Cloud of Things(CoT). In CoT the
congestion, limited car parking facilities and road safety things(nodes) could be accessed, monitored and controlled
are being addressed by IoT. In this paper, we present an from any remote location through the cloud. Due to high
IoT based cloud integrated smart parking system. The scalability in cloud any number of node could be added or
proposed Smart Parking system consists of an on-site removed from the IoT system on a real time basis. In simple
deployment of an IoT module that is used to monitor and terms IoT can be explained in form of an equation stating:
signalize the state of availability of each single parking
space. A mobile application is also provided that allows an Physical Object + Controller, Sensor and Actuators + Internet
end user to check the availability of parking space and = Internet of Things
book a parking slot accordingly. The paper also describes
a high-level view of the system architecture. Towards the The ideal of creating a Smart City is now becoming possible
end, the paper discusses the working of the system in form with the emergence of the Internet of Things. One of the key
of a use case that proves the correctness of the proposed issues that smart cities relate to are car parking facilities and
model. traffic management systems[3]. In present day cities finding an
available parking spot is always difficult for drivers, and it
Keywords— Internet of Things; Cloud Computing;
tends to become harder with ever increasing number of private
Smart Parking; Smart City; Cloud of Things
car users. This situation can be seen as an opportunity for smart
cities to undertake actions in order enhance the efficiency their
I. INTRODUCTION parking resources thus leading to reduction in searching times,
The concept of Internet of Things (IoT) started with things with traffic congestion and road accidents. Problems pertaining to
identity communication devices. The devices could be tracked, parking and traffic congestion can be solved if the drivers can
controlled or monitored using remote computers connected be informed in advance about the availability of parking spaces
through Internet. IoT extends the use of Internet providing the at and around their intended destination. Recent advances in
communication, and thus inter-network of the devices and creating low-cost, low-power embedded systems are helping
physical objects, or ‘Things’. The two prominent words in IoT developers to build new applications for Internet of Things.
are “internet” and “things”. Internet means a vast global Followed by the developments in sensor technology, many
network of connected servers, computers, tablets and mobiles modern cities have opted for deploying various IoT based
using the internationally used protocols and connecting systems in and around the cities for the purpose of monitoring.
systems. Internet enables sending, receiving, or communicating A recent survey performed by the International Parking
of information. Thing in English has number of uses and Institute [6] reflects an increase in number of innovative ideas
meanings. Dictionary meaning of ‘Thing’ is a term used to related to parking systems. At present there are certain parking
reference to a physical object, an action or idea, situation or systems[8] that claim to citizens of delivering real time
activity, in case when we do not wish to be precise. IoT, in information about available parking spaces. Such systems
general consists of inter-network of the devices and physical require efficient sensors to be deployed in the parking areas for
objects, number of objects can gather the data at remote monitoring the occupancy as well as quick data processing
locations and communicate to units managing, acquiring, units in order to gain practical insights from data collected over
organizing and analyzing the data in the processes and services. various sources.
It provides a vision where things (wearable, watch, alarm
clock, home devices, surrounding objects with) become smart The smart parking system that we propose is implemented
and behave alive through sensing, computing and using a mobile application that is connected to the cloud. The
communicating by embedded small devices which interact with system helps a user know the availability of parking spaces on
remote objects or persons through connectivity. The scalable a real time basis. The rest of the paper is organized as follows:
and robust nature of Cloud computing is allowing developers Section II talks about the factors responsible of Cloud-IoT
267
TCP/IP protocol. It is designed to establish
connections across remote locations where limited
amount of data needs to be transferred or in cases of
low bandwidth availability.
268
Figure 2: Flow chart of the system
We conducted an experiment in order to depict the working of Figure 3: Booking a parking slot
our system at every stage from checking the availability of
parking space to actually park a car in a vacant parking slot. The above figure depicts the presence of vacant and
This is done by implementing the smart parking system in the occupied parking slots. In this case parking slots
parking area of a shopping mall. Below are the steps that a named A1 and A3 are vacant whereas slot A2 is
driver needs to follow in order to park its car using our occupies. The driver chooses the A1 parking slot.
parking system.
269
(DCABES), 2014 13th International Symposium on (pp. 268-271).
IEEE.
Once the driver has parked its car in the selected slot it
[4] Botta, A., de Donato, W., Persico, V., & Pescapé, A. (2014, August). On
needs to confirm its occupancy. Figure 5 depicts this very the Integration of Cloud Computing and Internet of Things. In Future
scenario in which the driver has to specify its presence. This Internet of Things and Cloud (FiCloud), 2014 International Conference
feature is added so that only a genuine driver can park its on (pp. 23-30). IEEE.
car in a particular parking slot. If a driver fails to confirm [5] Ji, Z., Ganchev, I., O'droma, M., & Zhang, X. (2014, August). A cloud-
his occupancy in the next 30 seconds of parking its car, an based intelligent car parking services for smart cities. In General
Assembly and Scientific Symposium (URSI GASS), 2014 XXXIth
alarm would start ringing causing the authorities to know URSI (pp. 1-4). IEEE.
that a car has been parked in the wrong place. If by any [6] International Parking Institute, “2012 Emerging Trends in Parking”.
chance a genuine driver fails do so he can stop the alarm [7] Ballon, P., Glidden, J., Kranas, P., Menychtas, A., Ruston, S., & Van
any time by confirming his occupancy. Der Graaf, S. (2011, October). Is there a Need for a Cloud Platform for
European Smart Cities?. In eChallenges e-2011 Conference Proceedings,
In case the driver over shoots its parking time, a notification IIMC International Information Management Corporation.
stating this scenario would be sent to the driver as well as to [8] FastPark System website, http://www.fastprk.com.
the parking attendant. The driver would then have an option [9] Chen, S. Y., Lai, C. F., Huang, Y. M., & Jeng, Y. L. (2013, July).
Intelligent home-appliance recognition over IoT cloud network.
of extending its parking time and pay accordingly for the In Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing Conference
extra time. In case the driver fails to do so, the parking (IWCMC), 2013 9th International (pp. 639-643). IEEE.
attendant would make a note of this and charge money for [10] Dash, S. K., Mohapatra, S., & Pattnaik, P. K. (2010). A survey on
the extra time in form of a fine. This fine would be applications of wireless sensor network using cloud
computing. International Journal of Computer science & Engineering
collected from the driver at the time when the car would be Technologies (E-ISSN: 2044-6004), 1(4), 50-55.
leaving from the parking area. [11] Fox, G. C., Kamburugamuve, S., & Hartman, R. D. (2012, May).
Architecture and measured characteristics of a cloud based internet of
things. InCollaboration Technologies and Systems (CTS), 2012
International Conference on (pp. 6-12). IEEE.
V. CONCLUSION [12] Han, D. M., & Lim, J. H. (2010). Smart home energy management
The concept of Smart Cities have always been a dream for system using IEEE 802.15. 4 and zigbee. Consumer Electronics, IEEE
Transactions on, 56(3), 1403-1410.
humanity. Since the past couple of years large advancements
[13] Parwekar, P. (2011, September). From Internet of Things towards cloud
have been made in making smart cities a reality. The growth of of things. In Computer and Communication Technology (ICCCT), 2011
Internet of Things and Cloud technologies have give rise to 2nd International Conference on (pp. 329-333). IEEE.
new possibilities in terms of smart cities. Smart parking [14] Rao, B. B. P., Saluia, P., Sharma, N., Mittal, A., & Sharma, S. V. (2012,
facilities and traffic management systems have always been at December). Cloud computing for Internet of Things & sensing based
applications. In Sensing Technology (ICST), 2012 Sixth International
the core of constructing smart cities. In this paper, we address Conference on (pp. 374-380). IEEE.
the issue of parking and present an IoT based Cloud integrated [15] Wikipedia website, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MQTT.
smart parking system. The system that we propose provides [16] Suciu, G., Vulpe, A., Halunga, S., Fratu, O., Todoran, G., & Suciu, V.
real time information regarding availability of parking slots in a (2013, May). Smart cities built on resilient cloud computing and secure
parking area. Users from remote locations could book a internet of things. In Control Systems and Computer Science (CSCS),
parking slot for them by the use of our mobile application. The 2013 19th International Conference on (pp. 513-518). IEEE.
efforts made in this paper are indented to improve the parking [17] Ye, X., & Huang, J. (2011, December). A framework for cloud-based
smart home. In Computer Science and Network Technology (ICCSNT),
facilities of a city and thereby aiming to enhance the quality of 2011 International Conference on (Vol. 2, pp. 894-897). IEEE.
life of its people. [18] Zaslavsky, A., Perera, C., & Georgakopoulos, D. (2013). Sensing as a
service and big data. arXiv preprint arXiv:1301.0159.
[19] Doukas, C., Capra, L., Antonelli, F., Jaupaj, E., Tamilin, A., & Carreras,
REFERENCES I. (2015, January). Providing generic support for IoT and M2M for
mobile devices. In Computing & Communication Technologies-
Research, Innovation, and Vision for the Future (RIVF), 2015 IEEE
[1] Rico, J., Sancho, J., Cendon, B., & Camus, M. (2013, March). Parking RIVF International Conference on (pp. 192-197). IEEE.
easier by using context information of a smart city: Enabling fast search
and management of parking resources. In Advanced Information [20] Tsirmpas, C., Anastasiou, A., Bountris, P., & Koutsouris, D. A new
Networking and Applications Workshops (WAINA), 2013 27th method for profile generation in an Internet of Things environment: An
International Conference on (pp. 1380-1385). IEEE. application in ambient assisted living.
[2] Zheng, Y., Rajasegarar, S., & Leckie, C. (2015, April). Parking [21] Kafle, V. P., Fukushima, Y., & Harai, H. (2015, April). ID-based
availability prediction for sensor-enabled car parks in smart cities. communication for realizing IoT and M2M in future heterogeneous
In Intelligent Sensors, Sensor Networks and Information Processing mobile networks. In Recent Advances in Internet of Things (RIoT),
(ISSNIP), 2015 IEEE Tenth International Conference on (pp. 1-6). 2015 International Conference on (pp. 1-6). IEEE.
IEEE. [22] Sarkar, C., Uttama Nambi SN, A., Prasad, R., Rahim, A., Neisse, R., &
[3] Zhou, F., & Li, Q. (2014, November). Parking Guidance System Based Baldini, G. (2012). DIAT: A Scalable Distributed Architecture for IoT.
on ZigBee and Geomagnetic Sensor Technology. In Distributed
Computing and Applications to Business, Engineering and Science
270