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SUPPORTIVE STUDY Nisha PDF
SUPPORTIVE STUDY Nisha PDF
COLLEGE OF NURSING
MADRAS MEDICAL COLLEGE, CHENNAI – 03
A Dissertation submitted to
OCTOBER 2017
1
CERTIFICATE
2
“A STUDY TO ASSESS THE EFFECTIVENESS OF VIDEO
ASSISTED TEACHING ON KNOWLEDGE REGARDING ILL
EFFECTS OF PLASTIC USAGE AMONG HOMEMAKERS AT
KP.PARK ,CHENNAI”
Research Guide
Mrs.L.SHANTHI.,M.Sc(N)., _________________
Reader, HOD
Department of Community Health Nursing
College of Nursing, Madras Medical College
Chennai – 03.
Medical Expert
A Dissertation submitted to
OCTOBER 2017
3
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The power of god is with you at all times; through the activities of mind,
senses, breathing and emotions; and is constantly doing all the work using
you as a mere Instrument.”
– Bhagavad Gita
First of all I praise and thank my God for his abundant blessings &
graces all throughout my study. Great and mighty is our God, to whom all
thanks and praise for all wisdom, knowledge, guidance and strength
throughout this work.
4
I thank Dr. JOY PATRICIA PUSHPARANI, M.D, Professor,
Institute of Community medicine, Madras Medical College, and Chennai
- for the support and assistance given by them according to their
possible manner to complete this study.
5
I render my deep sense of gratitude to My heartly thanks to my
beloved Mother Mrs.P.Gunasundari , my aunty Mrs. R.Velvizhi and
my family members for their immense love ,support, prayers and
encouragement that inspired me to reach this point in my life.
6
ABSTRACT
Title
“A study to assess the effectiveness of video assisted teaching on
knowledge regarding ill effects of plastic usage among homemaker s at
Kp.park, Chennai”
Objectives
To assess the pretest and posttest level of knowledge regarding
ill effects of plastic usage among women homemakers at KP.Park.
7
To find out the association between post test knowledge level and
selected demographic variables on knowledge regarding ill effe cts
of plastic usage among homeworkers at KP.Park.
Methodology
Research approach : Quantitative research approach
8
assisted teaching program to the participants regarding ill effects of
plastic usage. After 7 days post-test was conducted..
Data analysis
After the data collection the collected data was organized, tabulated,
summarized and analysed, The data was analysed according to objectives of the
study by descriptive statistics like Mean,Mode, Median,Standard deviation and
inferential statistics like chi-square and paired t -test.
Results
The finding of the study revealed that video had improved the
knowledge of homemakers regarding ill effects of plastic usa ge .Paired
t- test; P value is 0.005.There is statistical significance in knowledge
attainment on plastic shows effectiveness of the video assisted teaching.
Discussion
Hypothesis was proved by a statistical significance occurs in video
assisted teaching programme. The chi square test shows that there is
association between posttest knowledge and selected demographic variables.
Recommendations
Comparative study may be conducted to find out the similarities
or differences between the knowledge and practices of urban and
rural people.
Conclusion
The result study shows that Video assisted teaching was effective in
improving the knowledge of homemakers on ill effects of plastic usage.
9
TABLE OF CONTENTS
10
Chapter Title Page No
3.13 Reliability of tool 26
3.14 Pilot Study 27
3.15 Data collection procedure 27
3.16 Data entry and analysis 28
IV DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION 30
V SUMMARY 51
VI DISCUSSION 53
VII CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
7.1 Implication of the study 56
7.2 Recommendations 58
7.3 Limitations 59
7.3 conclusion 59
REFERENCES
APPENDICES
11
LIST OF TABLES
Table Page
Title
No No
3.1 Assessment of pretest and post test knowledge 22
3.2 Score interpretation of the structured questionnaire 25
3.3 Intervention protocol for homemakers. 26
4.1 Frequency distribution and % of study participants 31
according to their variable.
4.2 Domain wise percentage of pretest knowledge 36
score on ill effects of plastic usage among
homemakers
4.3 Pretest level of knowledge 37
4.4 Score interpretation 38
4.5 Domain wise percentage of posttest knowledge score 38
4.6 Posttest level Knowledge 39
4.7 Comparison of pretest and posttest mean knowledge 40
Score
4.8 Comparison of overall knowledge score 43
4.9 Effectiveness of video assisted teaching 44
4.10 Pretest and posttest knowledge percentage of 45
knowledge score
4.11 Association between pretest knowledge level and 47
demographic variable
12
LIST OF FIGURES
Table
Title
No
2.1 Conceptual frame work – J.w Kenny’s open system model
3.1 Schematic presentation of research design
4.1 Age wise distribution of study participants
4.2 Education wise distribution of study participants
4.3 Family Type wise distribution of study participants
4.4 Family income distribution of study participants
4.5 Religion wise distribution of study participants
4.6. Method of waste disposal wise distribution of study
participants
4.7 Pretest level of knowledge among homemakers
4.8 Posttest level knowledge
4.9 Pretest and posttest knowledge score
4.10 Effectiveness of video assisted teaching
4.11 Pretest and posttest percentage of knowledgr score
4.12 Association between posttest level of knowledge and age
group
4.13 Association between posttest level of knowledge and
education status
13
LIST OF APPENDICES
S. No Particulars
I Approval letter from Institutional Ethics committee
II Permission Letter from City Health Officer
III Certificate of Content Validity
IV Certificate of English Editing
V Certificate of Tamil Editing
VI Consent Form
English
Tamil
VII Tools for data collection
VIII Summary of planned teaching programme
1. English
2.Tamil
IX Video assisted Teaching
14
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
Abbreviations Expansion
CI Confidence Interval
DF Degrees of freedom
Fig Figure
H1 and H2 Research hypothesis
M.Sc (N) Master of science in nursing
SD Standard deviation
VAT Video assisted teaching
χ2 Chi- Square test
15
CHAPTER-I
INTRODUCTION
“Collect All Plastic You Ever Use and Take It to Your Grave And
Let Future Generations to Understand the Meaning of Heaven’
– Anonymous
Plastics are used on a daily basis throughout the world. The global
environment is changing day by day and now it has become challenge to
living life forms due to very ugly fact that every nation is trying to
develop their countries without taking into environmental impact of
degradation. The word plastic is a common term that is used for many
materials of a synthetic or semi-synthetic nature 1 .
The term was derived from the Greek Plastikos, which means
“fit for molding.” "Plastics" derived their name from their properties to
be molded, cast, extruded or processed into a variety of forms, including
solid objects, films and filaments. These properties arise from their
molecular structure. Plastics are polymers, very long chain molecules
that consist of subunits (monomers) linked together by chemical bonds.
The monomers of petrochemical plastics are inorganic materials (such as
styrene) and are not biodegradable 1.
1
much of what we have today would not be possible without plastics. The
central government has recently passed a ruling under the provisions of the
Environment Protection Act 1986, restricting the sale of some products in plastic
carry bags. The Ministry of Environment, Forests and Climate Change has
banned the manufacture and use of plastic carry bags less than 8inches x 12
inches in size and 40 micron 7 in width. The ministry has also directed state
governments to register all plastic manufacturing 3 .
3
A study conducted by the National Environmental Engineering
Research Institute for the Brihan Mumbai Municipal Corporation,
refers that 5,500 metric tons MSW per day showed that plastic waste is
0.75 %.The rest is made up of organic materials (33%),paper and
paperboards (30%), glass and metals (16%) and others (13%) It has also
been observed that some of industries even recycle the plastic
waste/scrap which is totally unhygienic and, has health hazard for
persons house items made from such plastics and even used at times for
packaging of foodstuff 8 .
Plastic waste in India is about 4.5 million tons a year and It take
500 – 1000 years to degrade.. In future, there is already a strong global
movement to ban plastic as it can cause damage, not just to the
environment but also human beings . The researcher felt that since
increase in the prevalence rate of ill effects of plastics use are more .
Homemakers are using plastics bags in houses and they can reduce use
of plastics by creating awareness to whole family. So the re searcher
conducted this research to assess the knowledge of homemakers about
the ill effects of plastics 10 .
4
1.2. Statement of the problem
A study to assess the effectiveness of video assisted Teaching on
knowledge regarding ill effects of plastic usage among women
homemakers at KP.Park, in Chennai.”
To find out the association between post test knowledge level and
selected demographic variables on knowledge regarding ill effe cts
of plastic usage among homeworkers at KP.Park.
5
6) Homemakers A woman who manages her own household as her
main occupation between the age group of 20-50years
1.5. Assumptions
Home makers in community may have inadequate knowledge ill
effects of plastic usage.
1.5. Hypothesis
H1-There will be a significant difference between the pre-test and
post-Test level of knowledge, regarding ill effects of plastics
usage on Health among women homemakers at KP.Park.
1.6. Delimitations
The study is delimited to the urban area KP.Park,Choolai.
6
CHAPTER-II
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
The review of literature in a research report is a summary of
current knowledge about a particular problem and includes what is
known and not known about the problem. The literature is reviewe d to
summarize knowledge for use in practice or to provide a basis for
conducting a study. This chapter is divided into two parts
8
Gray, Hill, Feet., (2009) conducted a descriptive study work in
use of random plastic bags for shopping purpose and its eventual
riddance into the dust bins. This paper proposes a timely lega l
intervention by the respective governments of different countries to stop
the production and the dominant use of plastic bags. It also proposes
that the plastic bags which have already been manufactured and burnt to
reduce its damaging impact on agricultural growth because of its non-
biodegradable and toxic properties and harmful effects. However, we
need to encourage the usage of alternatives to plastic bag, such a s, jute
bags and paper bags etc 15 .
9
production associated with these materials. Plastic bag waste appears in
very high proportion in the municipal solid waste stream in and was
causing environmental problems.The results indicated that the problem
was a consequence of externalities in production and consumption;
ineffective by-laws on littering and illegal dumping; failure of garbage
collection and disposal systems; and low public awareness and poor life-
cycle considerations 18 .
10
in adolescent and young adults and to detect the relationship between
serum level of bisphenol A, Mean SD of bisphenol A is 1.72 .After
controlling the confounding factors Linear regression analysis show
bisphenol sA has significantly associated with cardiovascular disease
(atherosclerosis) P= 0.001 .High serum of concentration of bisphenolA
were associated with increased cardiovascular disease among adolescent
and adult 21 .
11
Calafat. AM ,et al.,(2012) conducted a study to assess the
exposure to Biphenyl plastic used iin plastic manufacture affect health
measured by urinary concentration .Bisphenol = 92.6% mean is
significantly lower in (P= 0.000) and were not statistically different
(P=0.21) .Female had statistically higher than male (P= 0.043)
.Children had higher concentration than adolescent, Biphenyl is
different from race ,age and income 25 .
12
exposed to high levels of respirable PVC particles in the workplace, the
lung cancer OR increases by 20% for each extra year of work (OR =
1.2003; 95% CI 1.0772 to 1.3469; p = 0.0010), when the influence of
age and smoking habits is controlled. By this result, researcher
concluded that in the VCM/PVC industry, an increased risk of lung
cancer associated with exposure to PVC dust 28 .
13
HanaokaT,et al., (2006) conducted a cross sectional study and
objective is to assess the occupational exposure to high level of plastic
phthalate and polyvinyl chloride leads to decreased serum testosterone
.The result is compared to unexposed workers and exposed workers has
significantly decreased testosterone level P= 0.019 .Regression analyses
shows decreases significantly and negatively correlated r= -0.19 .he
observed significant reduction of serum testosterone in workers in high
exposure to plastic phthalate 31 .
14
them in incinerators or by littering them. In the case of littering, plastic
wastes fail to reach landfills or incinerators. It is the improper way of
disposing plastics and is identified as the cause of manifold ecological
problems. Incineration is a process in which plastic and other wastes are
burnt and the energy produced, as a result, is tapped 34 .
15
reuse. It was, therefore, envisaged that if market value could be created
in plastic waste, scavengers would start picking them as well. It was
concluded that itinerant waste buyers would start moving from house to
house to buy plastic waste .37
16
from municipal commercial and industrial resources are managed by
recycling program 40 .
17
Italy, Bangladesh, and parts of India like Himachal Pradesh, Mizoram,
Pondicherry, GOA, Tripura, Delhi, Kanyakumari, Jaipur, Ahmadabad,
and Punjab 43 .
18
PART – II
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
Input
Input can be matter, energy and information from the environment
.In the present study the environment refers to community set up
(K.P.Park) and input refers to the collection of demographic data from
samples and assessing the level of knowledge on ill effects of plastic s
usage among homemakers by using questionnaire.
Throughput
The matter, energy and information are continuously processed
through the system which is also called complex transformation ,known
as throughput process is used for input (ie) energy and informat ion for
the maintenance of homeostasis of the system .In the present study it
refers to video assisted teaching regarding ill effects of plastic usage
among homemakers.
Output
After processing the input and throughout ,the system returns to
the output matter ,energy and information to the environment in an
altered state .change in feature of the process that is observable and
measurable as output ,which should be different from that which is
entered into the system .In this present study gain in level of k nowledge
19
regarding ill effects of plastic usage among homemakers is considered
as output and measured by posttest.
Feedback
Feedback gives information of environmental responses to the
system ,output is utilized by the system in adjustment ,correction and
accommodation to the interaction with the environment .In this study It
refers to analysis of the posttest.
20
Input Throughput Output
Adequate
knowledge
DEMOGRAPHIC
P
VARIABLE PRETEST Increased
Video O
Age Asses the Process of
assisted S level of
Education knowledge transformation
Inadequate
Religion teaching
T knowledge knowledge
of on ill of
Family homemaker T regarding
effects of information
income s regarding E ill effects
plastic
Method of ill effects of of plastic
waste usage S
plastics T usage
disposal
FEEDEBACK
21
CHAPTER-III
METHODOLOGY
This chapter deals Methodology to” assess the effectiveness of
video assisted teaching on knowledge regarding ill effects of plastic
usage among home makers”.
3.2Research design
The research design selected for the present study was pre
experimental one group pretest post test design. The design may
dramatically represent as below.
22
3.4. Study Duration
4 Weeks (18.11.16 – 21.12.16)
23
3.9 Research variable
Independent Variables – It refers to Video assisted teaching
improving knowledge regarding ill effects of plastics usage among
homemakers.
Subsections are
1) Plastic
2) Plastic types
24
4) Ill effects of plastic on animals
Total 20 20
25
3.10.4 Intervention Protocol
3.12.Content validity
Content validity of the tool was assessed by obtaining an opinion in the
field of community medicine, community health nursing and statistical experts.
The experts were an Associate professor and Reader respectively. There was
uniform agreement to the tool adopted for conducting the study. Hence, the
investigator proceeds with the same tool.
26
0.83. This correlation is very high and it is good tool for assessing the
effectiveness of video assisted teaching about ill effects of plastic usage among
the homemakers residing at selected urban area, K.P.Park
27
Data collection procedure was done for a period of four weeks and
the time taken for each subject was 10-15 minutes. Pre assessment
was done using structured questionnaire, Subsequently Video
Assisted Teaching was given on same day for 20 minutes. In
between study subjects doubts were clarified.
Based on the criteria 8-10 subjects were selected each day. The
subjects were assured of confidentiality of data collected.
1. Descriptive analysis
2. Inferential analysis
Paired t-test were used to test to compare the pre-test and post-
test knowledge.
28
Fig-3.1: SCHEMATIC REPRESENTATION OF THE STUDY
Research Design
Pre-Experimental One group Pretest-Post test design
Sampling technique
Non-Probability Convenient Sampling
29
CHAPTER – IV
DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION
This chapter deals with the analysis and interpretation of the study
were based on the data collected through structures multiple choice
question to assess the knowledge regarding ill effects of plastics usage.
Organization of data
Section–A : Distribution of Demographic variables of study
participants.
30
Section – A: Distribution of Demographic variables of study
participants.
TABLE 4.1: Frequency distribution and % of study participa nts
according to their variable n = 100
No. of house
Demographic variables %
wives
Age 20-30 yrs 41 41.0%
31-40 yrs 43 43.0%
41-50 yrs 16 16.0%
Educational Status Noformaleducation 20 20.0%
1-12th std 55 55.0%
Graduate 25 25.0%
Family Nuclear Family 70 70.0%
Joint Family 30 30.0%
Family Income Per Rs.1000 – 10000 48 48.0%
Month Rs.10000 – 20000 49 49.0%
>Rs.20000 3 3.0%
Religion Hindu 61 61.0%
Christian 37 37.0%
Muslim 2 2.0%
Method of waste Open land 23 23.0%
disposal Dustbin 10 10.0%
Burning 67 67.0%
31
Type of family of the study group reveals that 30% of them are in
joint family and 70% of them are in nuclear family.
32
Fig – 4.1: Age wise distribution of study participants
33
Fig- 4.3:Types of family wise distribution of study participants
34
Fig-4.5Religion wise distribution of study participants
35
Section -B- Pretest knowledge among homemakers regarding ill
effects of plastics usage
Table-4.2: Domain wise percentage of pretest knowledge score on ill
effects of plastic usage among homemakers
36
Table-4.3: Pretest Level of Knowledge
Table 4.3 shows the pretest knowledge about the ill effects of
plastics usage among the homemakers.In pretest 70% of the homemakers
are having low level of knowledge and 30 % of them are having
moderate knowledge and 0% of them having adequate knowledge.
37
Table 4.4: Score Interpretation
This table shows the score interpretation used to assess the level
of knowledge among the homemakers who were participating in the
study.
38
Table-4.6: Posttest Level of Knowledge
Knowledge Level No %
Inadequate (0 - 9) O 0.0%
Moderate(10-14) 2 2.0%
Adequate (15-20) 98 98.0%
Total 100 100%
Table 4.6 shows the post test knowledge about the ill effects of
plastics usage among homemakers.In posttest none of the homemakers
are having inadequate knowledge ,2% of them are having moderate
knowledge and 98% of them are having adequate knowledge.
39
Section – D: Comparison of pretest and posttest level of
knowledge
Table-4.7: Comparison of pretest and posttest mean knowledge Score
Pretest Posttest
Score Score
Knowledge Ill effects of Student
On plastic usage (N=100) (N=100) paired t-test
Mean S.D Mean S.D
General Plastic t = 9.35
aspects onill 1.9 0.7 3.8 0.5
P=0.001***
effects of
plastic usage Plastic types t = 13.56
0.6 0.4 1.8 0.5
P=0.001***
40
In pretest homemakers had 0.6 score where as in posttest they
had 1.8 score regarding plastic types ,so the mean difference is
1.2 . There is a statistical significant difference between pretest
and posttest
41
Fig-4.9 :pretest and Posttest mean knowledge score
42
Table-4.8 : Comparison of overall knowledge score
43
Section- E - Effectiveness of Video assisted teaching
Table-4.9 : Effectiveness of Video Assisted Teaching
Increase Students
Pre Test Post Test
(Post – Pre paired t-
Score Score
Score) test
No‟s 100 100 100
***
Mean 8.7 18.1 9.4 48.5
P=0.001
SD 2.1 1.6 1.9
44
Fig-4.10:Effectiveness of video assissted teaching
Percentage of
Pretest Posttest
Domain Knowledge
Knowledge Knowledge
Gain
Plastic 47.5% 95% 47.5%
Plastic Types 30% 90% 60%
Environment 42% 86% 44%
Animals 30% 80% 50%
Human 44% 92% 48%
Reduction of plastics 64% 100% 35%
Total 42.5% 90.5% 48%
46
Section – E: Association of post test knowledge with selected
demographic variable
Table-4.11: Association Between Posttest Knowledge Level and
Demographic Variable
47
1. Association between level of knowledge and homemakers
age,it reveals that none of them had inadequate knowledge and
moderate knowledge and 100% had adequate knowledge among the age
group between 21-30 years.About none of them had inadequate
knowledge,3.0 %had moderate knowledge and 97% had adequate
knowledge among the age group 31-40 years.And none of them had
inadequate knowledge,12.5% had moderate knowledge and 87.5 % had
adequate knowledge among the age group 41-50 years
48
5.With respect to Religion none of them had inadequate
knowledge and 1.6% moderate knowledge and about 98.4 % had
adequate knowledge among Hindu .About none of them had inadequate
knowledge,2.7% had moderate knowledge and 97.3% had adequate
knowledge among chirstian. And none of them had inadequate
knowledge and moderate knowledge and 100 % had adequate
knowledge among Muslim. Chi aquare value is 0.1.
49
Fig-4.12:Association between level of knowledge and homemakers age
50
CHAPTER V
SUMMARY
5. Summary of the study results
This chapter deals with the summary of the study. The study was
conducted to ascertain the effectiveness of video assisted teaching about
the ill effects of plastics usage among the homemakers residing in
selected urban area at K.P.Park. in Chennai.
51
On an average, After VAT, homemakers are gained 48% of the
knowledge than pretest.
52
CHAPTER-VI
DISCUSSION
This chapter deals with discussion of the results of effectiveness
of video assisted teaching about the ill effects of plastics usage among
the homemakers
Objective -1
The first objective was to assess the pre test and post test knowledge
regarding ill effects of plastic usage among homemakers residing at
K.P.Park..
Objective-2
The second objective was to determine the effectiveness of video
assisted teaching about the ill effects of plastics usage among
homemakers residing at K.P.Park.
In pretest homemakers are having 42.5% of knowledge score on
the ill effects of plastics usage, In posttest homemakers are having
90.5% of knowledge score on the ill effects of plastics usage.
Overall, they gained 48 % of knowledge on ill effects of plastics
and its safe disposal after having video assisted teaching.
53
Pushpakala K.J, Abraham Chako(2015) conducted a study to
assess the effectiveness of video assisted teaching on kn owledge
regarding plastic hazards .The results shows that mean posttest score
8.50 was higher than mean pretest score .There is significant association
with posttest score at 0.01 level and moderately positive co relation
between Knowledge and demographic variable. so video assisted
teaching was highly knowledge in increasing the knowledge regarding
45.
impact of asthma and practice of inhaler
Objective-3
The third objective was to find out the association between pretest and
posttest knowledge with the selected demographic variables.
1) Age chi square 10.7 which has significant .It is inferred that there
was significant association between age and knowledge on ill
effects of plastic usage.
55
CHAPTER-VII
IMPLICATIONS, RECOMMENDATIONS &
CONCLUSION
This chapter deals with the conclusion, implications, for nursing
practice, education, nursing research, administration and
recommendations for future research.
Nursing practice
The study findings related that there is a relationship between the
knowledge on ill effects of plastics usage among the homemakers
residing in K.P.Park..
56
Not only nurses, but all the health care providers such as auxiliary
nurses and midwives, village health guides, nurses working in
community center should provide in-service education regarding
ill effects of plastics usage.
Nursing education
To provide the knowledge, the nursing personnel need to be
equipped with adequate knowledge and conduct mass health
education program on ill effects of plastic usages.
The study also emphasizes the special needs for the preparation of
health education material among nursing students who were
engaged in school health services.
Nursing administration
The health administration of nursing at the national, state, district,
institutional and local level should focus their attention on making the
public aware regarding ill effects of plastic usage.
57
The administrator can organize educational programs in schools
and community areas to provide knowledge regarding importance
of effects of ill effects of plastic use.
Nursing research
The findings of the study help the professional nurses and the
students to develop inquiry by providing a base.
58
Comparative study may be conducted to find out the similaritie s
or differences between the knowledge and practices of urban and
rural people.
7.3 Limitations
The study was confined to homemakers and shorter period
7.4 Conclusions
The finding of the study showed that the video assisted teaching
was very effective in improving the level of knowledge. This study will
help the health care professionals to develop appropriate teaching
materials.. There is good between pretest and posttest knowle dge score
is statistically significant with the age of homemakers (χ2=1.5) p= 0.05,
education of homemakers (χ 2 =3.8) p= 0.05. Video assisted teaching is
proven method to improve the knowledge of the homemakers which
will help to facilitate the healthy growth and development and healthy
practices in day to day activities.
59
REFERENCES
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Environment Assessing the Impact of the Complete The Ecotourism &
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plastics_101/ manufacture/how_plastics_are_made.html
16
10) The global war against plastic. 2007 Oct 24 [Cited 2011 Nov
26];Availabhttp://nitawriter.wordpress.com/2007/10/24/the-global-war-
against-plastic/
12) Lithner et.al ,environment and health hazards ranking and assessment
of plastic polymer .science total environment , volume 40, issue 18 ,[15
Aug2011] ,pg- 3309-3324.
15) Gray .L,Hill,Feet.plastic bags use falls by 26%in 2 years and purpose
and its eventual riddance into the dust bins.[14 sep (2010)] PP -1-84.
16) Rhian Tough, plastic shopping bag environment in fall and policy
options, volume 30, issue 10 ,[15 Aug2007] ,pg- 309-324:URL http
handlenet.1006.
19) .Thiel et.al (2003) Floating marine debris in coastal water: marine
pollution46: 229 PP -23-44.
17
21) Lin CY,Shen FY,Lian GW,Chein KL,Sung FC,Chen PC,Su TC.Level
of serum bisphenol ,harmful chemival in plastic container and
atherosclerosis [2014Aug 24] pp – 245-256.
22) Wang .J,Li.L, Lu.Y, investigation and analysis of factors that affect
the health of children in the plastic recycling,Sep 2014 ,690-2.
27) D`Mello, Pamela. Plastic bag problem :The Asian age ,volume -12
[2012 Jan 4]pp-163.
30) Cathy Ryan. Reused water bottles and its effects. Darnell J `2007 Nov
13;35(3).
31) Hanaoka.T,Yoshimura.M,Zhang.S,Wang.p,Tsukino.H,Inoue.K,Tsugane
.s,Impact of phthalate increased serum ,free testosterone in workers a
cross sectional study. Environ prespect,2006, Nov,114 :1648-8
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41) Shah, Priya “Plastic devil :Ecological menace rate of cycling [Jan 25
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43) Dr.Kemp.Directorate of Department of Environmental and Heritage.
Bombay [2008Aug1] pp-12
WEB SITES
1) www.Pubmed.com
2) www.medicine.com
3) www.cdc.gov/oral health/topics/child.htm
4) www.adha.org
5) www. livestrong.com
6) www.who.int/hrh/nursing midwifery\
7) www.anmc.org.au
20
APPENDIX- I
Respected people ,
SECTION – A
DEMOGRAPHIC DATA
1) Age
a) 20-30 yrs
b) 31-40 yrs
c) 41- 50 yrs
2) Educational Status
a) No formal education
b) 1st – 12th std
c) Graduate
3) Family
a) Nuclear Family
b) Joint Family
4) Family Income Per Month
a) 1000 – 10000
b) 10000 – 20000
c) >20000
5) Religion
a) Hindu
b) Christian
c) Muslim
a) Open land
b) Burning
c) Dustbin
SECTION B
Part -I plastics
1) Plastic means
a) not usable
b) able to mould in to different shapes
c) decomposable
5) Thermoplastic means
a) Strong plastic
b) Can be melted and reshaped
c) Used for ever
6) Thermosetting means
a) Cannot be reshaped
b) Degradable
c) Easily disposable
a) 100-200 years
b) 500-100 years
c) 300-400 years
a) Birds
b) Animals
c) Soil and underground water
a) Global warming
b) Soil erosion
c) Water pollution
a) Non –Decomposable
b) Decompose by bacteria
c) Harmful to health
a) Brain damage
b) vomiting
c) Death
a) Single use
b) More than 2 times
c) Used for ever
a) Bio –degradable
b) Non degradable
c) Unable to melt
a) AIDS
b) Hypertension
c) Cancer
17) Intake of plastic packed food will cause
a) Increase in weight
b) Nutritious to health
c) Injurious to health
a) Chemicals
b) Vegetable oil and starch
c) Metals
b) Burning of plastics
c) Proper disposal
Key answers
1. b
2. c
3. b
4. a
5. b
6. a
7. b
8. c
9. a
10. b
11. a
12. c
13. b
14. a
15. b
16. c
17. c
18. b
19. a
20. a
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The global environment is changing day by day and now it has become challenge to living life forms due to very ugly fact that
every nation is trying to develop their countries without taking into environmental impact of degradation. People are using
plastic bag which are environmentally dangerous products and harmful to health. They are mainly used for their daily needs
mainly for shopping purposes, and therefore environment and agricultural lands are thereby being polluted.
It is said that people began to use plastic bags to carry groceries and goods by hands and these bags become popularized
rapidly in last quarter of 20th century. No accurate statistics have been seriously made on the total number of plastic bags
produced so far, but today trillion plastic bags are being used worldwide.
The plastic is fully growing disaster and most plastics are made from petroleum, a non-renewable resource that destroys
fragile ecosystem and these toxic manmade chemicals have been shown to be accumulating in the bodies of both humans and
animals.
Plastic is made from petroleum by-products. Raw materials used in the manufacture of plastics are petroleum,natural
gas, coal, and some salts. Plastic makes around 4% of all oil products. It is extracted in the process of oil refining in
petrochemical plants, which is a major and complex process also a lot of contaminating material.
S.No Time Specific Content Teacher’s Learner’s A.V aids
Objective Activity Activity
Definition:
Common Plastics:
Polythene
Polypropylene
Polycarbonate
Polyvinyl chloride(PVC)
Polytetrafluoroethylene
S.No Time Specific Content Teacher’s Learner’s Evaluation
Objective Activity Activity
Land Pollution:
Air Pollution:
Ocean:
Groundwater Pollution:
cancer,
birth defects,
genetic changes,
chronic bronchitis,
obesity, diabetes,
and hyperactive
Phthalates (DEHP)-
Endocrine disruption,
linked to asthma,
developmental
reproductive effects.,
birth defects,
s
S.No Time Specific Content Teacher’s Learner’s
Objective Activity Activity A.V aids
Marine Animals:
Birds:
4 Lisenting
RECYCLE EVERYTHING
CONCLUSION
Finally I conclude my topic that plastics should be
avoided to make our future generation to have a
healthy life. As a housewives you have to take steps to
reduce the use of plastics. By educating and creating
awareness in proper management of plastic wastes,
the ill effects can be reduced.
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Title of the study: “A study to assess the effectiveness of video assisted teaching on
knowledge regarding ill effects of plastic usage among homemakers at
KP.Park Chennai.”
The Purpose of the Research (explain briefly): This research is conducted to evaluate the
effectiveness of video assisted teaching among college students on raising their knowledge
scores regarding preconception care for their success study.
You have the right to confidentiality regarding the privacy of your personal details. Your privacy
in the study will be maintained throughout the study in the event of any publication or
presentation resulting from the research, no personally identifiable information will be shared.
The information from this study, if published in scientific journals or presented at scientific
meetings, will not reveal your identity.
How will your decision not to participate in the study affect you?
Your decisions not to participate in this research study will not affect your activity of daily
living, medical care or your relationship with investigator or the institution.
Can you decide to stop participating in the study once you start?
The participation in this research is purely voluntary and you have the right to withdraw
from this study at any time during course of the study without giving any reasons.
However, it is advisable that you talk to the research team prior to stopping the treatment.
Title of the study: “A study to assess the effectiveness of video assisted teaching on
knowledge regarding ill effects of plastic usage among homemakers at
KP.Park Chennai.”
Investigator : Nisha.P
Name of Participant :
Age/sex :
Date :
Documentation of the informed consent: (legal representative can sign if the participant is
minor, unconscious or incompetent).
I have read/it has been read for me, the information in this form. I
was free to ask any questions and they have been answered. I am over 20 yrs of age and
exercising my free power of choice, hereby give my consent to be included as a
participant in the study.
I have read and understood this consent form and the information provided to me.
I have had the consent document explained in detail to me.
I have been explained about the nature of my study.
My rights and responsibilities have been explained to me by the investigator.
I agree to cooperate with the investigator
I have not participated in any research study at any time.
I am aware of the fact that I can opt out of the study at any time without having to give
any reason
I hereby give permission to the investigators to release the information obtained from me
as a result of participation in this study to the regulatory authorities, government agencies
and Institutional ethics committee.
I understand that they are publically presented; my identity will be kept confidential.
I am aware that I have any question during this study; I should contact the concerned
investigator.
Date: Date:
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