Professional Documents
Culture Documents
RRL 02
RRL 02
Solid waste management (SWM) has become an issue of increasing global concern as urban populations
continue to rise and consumption patterns change. The health and environmental implications associated with
SWM are mounting in urgency, particularly in the context of developing countries. While systems analyses
largely targeting well-defined, engineered systems have been used to help SWM agencies in industrialized
countries since the 1960s, collection and removal dominate the SWM sector in developing countries. This
review contrasts the history and current paradigms of SWM practices and policies in industrialized countries
with the current challenges and complexities faced in developing country SWM. In industrialized countries,
public health, environment, resource scarcity, climate change, and public awareness and participation have
acted as SWM drivers towards the current paradigm of integrated SWM. However, urbanization, inequality,
and economic growth; cultural and socio-economic aspects; policy, governance, and institutional issues; and
international influences have complicated SWM in developing countries. This has limited the applicability of
approaches that were successful along the SWM development trajectories of industrialized countries. This
review demonstrates the importance of founding new SWM approaches for developing country contexts in
post-normal science and complex, adaptive systems thinking. ( Rochael Marshalll 2012)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0956053X13000032
The authors evaluate the potential of green marketing and its limitations in solving society’s environmental
problems. The streams of research in the green marketing area are reviewed and their assumptions
and efficacies are discussed. While green marketing has some positive societal outcomes, on its own it is an
insufficient solution to societal environmental problems in general and to humanity’s existential threat from
climate change in particular. The authors analyze and discuss the roles and responsibilities of business,
citizen-consumers, and government in contributing environmental solutions. (Polonsky,2015)
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/10495142.2015.1053341