RRL 02

This section highlights several studies for water quality prediction models.
These studies on water and river

system prediction were done based on the study of Cagayan River under the Department of Science and
Technology (DOST) give an ahead of time forecasting system for water level and flood hazard specifically on
monitoring stations situated along the Cagayan River Basin the study includes using a predictive model using
Random Forest. In the river studied, flood forecasting was based mainly on linear regression equations for
water level observations, which do not consider downstream rainfall effects. Forecasting lead time, forecasting
accuracy, and issuing and disseminating warnings are the three critical components of flood forecasting and
early warning. Thus, predicting the onset of flooding accurately is very important to reliable flood forecasting.
The resulting accuracy of the model produces an average above 0.90 and indicate high prediction accuracy
(Garcia, Retamar, & Javier 2016).
Garcia, F. C. C., Retamar, A. E., & Javier, J. C. (2016). Development of a predictive model for on-demand
remote river level nowcasting: Case study in Cagayan River Basin, Philippines. Paper presented at the 2016
IEEE Region 10 Conference (TENCON), Singapore. doi: 10.1109/TENCON.2016.7848657
Environmental problems, including the degradation and depletion of natural resources, biodiversity loss, and
climate change, among others, represent some of the most critical challenges of our world today. To effectively
address environmental problems, understanding how these system components affect one another is needed.
Data Science (DS) is an emergent research field that helps better understand the complex mechanisms behind
environmental phenomena (Gibert et al., 2018).
Gibert, K., Izquierdo, J., Sànchez-Marrè, M., Hamilton, S. H., Rodríguez-Roda, I., & Holmes, G. (2018). Which
method to use? An assessment of data mining methods in Environmental Data Science. Environmental
Modelling & Software, 110, 3-27.doi: 10.1016/j.envsoft.2018.09.021
A study also shows that surface water bodies in general, and the rivers, in particular, are among the most
vulnerable aquatic systems to contamination due to their easy accessibility for the disposal of wastes (Yuan
2016).
Yuan, C., Xu, S., & Zhang, X. (2016). Prediction of water quality base on kernel clustering least squares
support vector regression. Paper presented at the 2016 14th International Conference on Control, Automation,
Robotics and Vision (ICARCV), Phuket, Thailand. doi: 10.1109/ICARCV.2016.7838815.
The author described that the river water pollution foremost affects its chemical quality and then systematically
deteriorates the community disrupting the food web, river pollution has various dimensions that must the ability
(Chawla, 2015).
Chawla, P., Kumar, P., Singh, M., Hasteer, N., & Ghanshyam, C. (2015). Prediction of pollution potential of
Indian rivers using empirical equation consisting of water quality parameters. Paper presented at the 2015
IEEE Technological Innovation in ICT for Agriculture and Rural Development (TIAR), Chennai, India. doi:
10.1109/TIAR.2015.7358560
Prediction of water quality is a way to study the future status of water quality by using some prior knowledge
and data. Modeling involves water quality; decision makers can understand the tendency of water quality in
current and future periods (Jian-jun, Chuanbiao, & Ming-hua, 2010).
Ni, J. J., Zhang, C. B., & Liu, M. H. (2010). The application of neural network optimized by genetic algorithm in
water quality prediction. Paper presented at the 2nd International Conference on Information Science and
Engineering, Hangzhou, China. doi: 10.1109/ICISE.2010.5690857
Solid waste management (SWM) has become an issue of increasing global concern as urban populations
continue to rise and consumption patterns change. The health and environmental implications associated with
SWM are mounting in urgency, particularly in the context of developing countries. While systems analyses
largely targeting well-defined, engineered systems have been used to help SWM agencies in industrialized
countries since the 1960s, collection and removal dominate the SWM sector in developing countries. This
review contrasts the history and current paradigms of SWM practices and policies in industrialized countries
with the current challenges and complexities faced in developing country SWM. In industrialized countries,
public health, environment, resource scarcity, climate change, and public awareness and participation have
acted as SWM drivers towards the current paradigm of integrated SWM. However, urbanization, inequality,
and economic growth; cultural and socio-economic aspects; policy, governance, and institutional issues; and
international influences have complicated SWM in developing countries. This has limited the applicability of
approaches that were successful along the SWM development trajectories of industrialized countries. This
review demonstrates the importance of founding new SWM approaches for developing country contexts in
post-normal science and complex, adaptive systems thinking. ( Rochael Marshalll 2012)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0956053X13000032
The authors evaluate the potential of green marketing and its limitations in solving society’s environmental
problems. The streams of research in the green marketing area are reviewed and their assumptions
and efficacies are discussed. While green marketing has some positive societal outcomes, on its own it is an
insufficient solution to societal environmental problems in general and to humanity’s existential threat from
climate change in particular. The authors analyze and discuss the roles and responsibilities of business,
citizen-consumers, and government in contributing environmental solutions. (Polonsky,2015)
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/10495142.2015.1053341

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This section highlights several studies for water quality prediction models.

These studies on water and river

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